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Morton JC, Armstrong JA, Sud A, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Altered Bioenergetics of Blood Cell Sub-Populations in Acute Pancreatitis Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122201. [PMID: 31847184 PMCID: PMC6947319 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a debilitating, sometimes fatal disease, marked by local injury and systemic inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature of pancreatic damage in AP, however, its involvement in circulating blood cell subtypes is unknown. This study compared mitochondrial bioenergetics in circulating leukocytes from AP patients and healthy volunteers: 15 patients with mild to severe AP were compared to 10 healthy controls. Monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils were isolated using magnetic activated cell sorting and mitochondrial bioenergetics profiles of the cell populations determined using a Seahorse XF24 flux analyser. Rates of oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) under conditions of electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition (“stress” test) informed respiratory and glycolytic parameters, respectively. Phorbol ester stimulation was used to trigger the oxidative burst. Basal OCR in all blood cell subtypes was similar in AP patients and controls. However, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity of AP patient lymphocytes were decreased, indicating impairment of functional capacity. A diminished oxidative burst occurred in neutrophils from AP patients, compared to controls, whereas this was enhanced in both monocytes and lymphocytes. The data demonstrate important early alterations of bioenergetics in blood cell sub-populations from AP patients, which imply functional alterations linked to clinical disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Morton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Jane A. Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Ajay Sud
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-151-794-5304; Fax: +44-151-794-5327
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52
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Dependence of the mitochondrial adaptive capacity of hepatocytes on the oxidative substrates availability. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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53
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Mao H, Ding L. Downregulation of miR-21 suppresses 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neuronal damage in MES23.5 cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2467-2474. [PMID: 31555359 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that overproduction of oxidative stress, increases neuroinflammation and activates apoptosis. These two processes are associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-21 in the development of PD. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) was used to induce a PD-like model in MES23.5 cells. The results of the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays indicated that miR-21 levels were markedly increased in MES23.5 cells following MPP+ treatment. Furthermore, MES23.5 cells were transfected with miR-21 inhibitor, mimics and/or relevant negative control, following MPP+ administration. The results of the functional assays revealed that downregulation of miR-21 significantly attenuated the induction of cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while it enhanced the survival of MPP+-induced MES23.5 cells. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-21 increased the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, whereas suppression of miR-21 inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α] in MES23.5 cells. Western blot analysis further indicated that the Bcl-2/Bax protein expression ratio was significantly increased and double luciferase assay analysis confirmed that Bcl-2 was a direct target of miR-21. Taken collectively, the data demonstrated that downregulation of miR-21 protected cells from MPP+-mediated cytotoxicity by the inhibition of apoptosis induction, the reduction of the inflammatory response and the suppression of ROS production. The present findings may provide novel approaches for PD clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawu Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Lidong Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
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54
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Colorectal cancer cells respond differentially to autophagy inhibition in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11316. [PMID: 31383875 PMCID: PMC6683171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has both tumor-promoting and -suppressing effects in cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), with transformed cells often exhibiting high autophagic flux. In established tumors, autophagy inhibition can lead to opposite responses resulting in either tumor cell death or hyperproliferation. The functional mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the autophagic capacities of CRC cells and their sensitivities to autophagy inhibition. All studied CRC cell lines showed high basal autophagic flux. However, only HCT116 and Caco-2/15 cells displayed regulated autophagic flux upon starvation. Knockdown of ATG5 (which disrupts autophagosome elongation) or RAB21 (which decreases autophagosome/lysosome fusion) had little effect on CRC cell proliferation in vitro. Nonetheless, inhibition of autophagy in vivo had a substantial cell line-dependent impact on tumor growth, with some cells displaying decreased (HCT116 and Caco-2/15) or increased (SW480 and LoVo) proliferation. RNA sequencing and Western blot analyses in hyperproliferative SW480 tumors revealed that the mTORC2 and AKT pathways were hyperactivated following autophagy impairment. Inhibition of either mTOR or AKT activities rescued the observed hyperproliferation in autophagy-inhibited SW480 and reduced tumor growth. These results highlight that autophagy inhibition can lead, in specific cellular contexts, to compensatory mechanisms promoting tumor growth.
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55
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Chapman TP, Corridoni D, Shiraishi S, Pandey S, Aulicino A, Wigfield S, do Carmo Costa M, Thézénas ML, Paulson H, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Simmons A. Ataxin-3 Links NOD2 and TLR2 Mediated Innate Immune Sensing and Metabolism in Myeloid Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1495. [PMID: 31379806 PMCID: PMC6659470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between NOD2 and TLR2 following recognition of components of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is well-established, however their role in redirecting metabolic pathways in myeloid cells to degrade pathogens and mount antigen presentation remains unclear. We show NOD2 and TLR2 mediate phosphorylation of the deubiquitinase ataxin-3 via RIPK2 and TBK1. In myeloid cells ataxin-3 associates with the mitochondrial cristae protein MIC60, and is required for oxidative phosphorylation. Depletion of ataxin-3 leads to impaired induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and defective bacterial killing. A mass spectrometry analysis of NOD2/TLR2 triggered ataxin-3 deubiquitination targets revealed immunometabolic regulators, including HIF-1α and LAMTOR1 that may contribute to these effects. Thus, we define how ataxin-3 plays an essential role in NOD2 and TLR2 sensing and effector functions in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Chapman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Seiji Shiraishi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sumeet Pandey
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Aulicino
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Wigfield
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marie-Laëtitia Thézénas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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56
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Hoitzing H, Gammage PA, Haute LV, Minczuk M, Johnston IG, Jones NS. Energetic costs of cellular and therapeutic control of stochastic mitochondrial DNA populations. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007023. [PMID: 31242175 PMCID: PMC6615642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the cellular proportion of mutant mtDNA molecules is crucial for mitochondrial diseases. Cellular populations of mitochondria are under homeostatic control, but the details of the control mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we use stochastic modelling to derive general results for the impact of cellular control on mtDNA populations, the cost to the cell of different mtDNA states, and the optimisation of therapeutic control of mtDNA populations. This formalism yields a wealth of biological results, including that an increasing mtDNA variance can increase the energetic cost of maintaining a tissue, that intermediate levels of heteroplasmy can be more detrimental than homoplasmy even for a dysfunctional mutant, that heteroplasmy distribution (not mean alone) is crucial for the success of gene therapies, and that long-term rather than short intense gene therapies are more likely to beneficially impact mtDNA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Hoitzing
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Payam A. Gammage
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Van Haute
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Iain G. Johnston
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick S. Jones
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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57
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A Comprehensive Assessment of Apigenin as an Antiproliferative, Proapoptotic, Antiangiogenic and Immunomodulatory Phytocompound. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040858. [PMID: 30995771 PMCID: PMC6521017 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) (Api) is an important component of the human diet, being distributed in a wide number of fruits, vegetables and herbs with the most important sources being represented by chamomile, celery, celeriac and parsley. This study was designed for a comprehensive evaluation of Api as an antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory phytocompound. In the set experimental conditions, Api presents antiproliferative activity against the A375 human melanoma cell line, a G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and cytotoxic events as revealed by the lactate dehydrogenase release. Caspase 3 activity was inversely proportional to the Api tested doses, namely 30 μM and 60 μM. Phenomena of early apoptosis, late apoptosis and necrosis following incubation with Api were detected by Annexin V-PI double staining. The flavone interfered with the mitochondrial respiration by modulating both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways for ATP production. The metabolic activity of human dendritic cells (DCs) under LPS-activation was clearly attenuated by stimulation with high concentrations of Api. Il-6 and IL-10 secretion was almost completely blocked while TNF alpha secretion was reduced by about 60%. Api elicited antiangiogenic properties in a dose-dependent manner. Both concentrations of Api influenced tumour cell growth and migration, inducing a limited tumour area inside the application ring, associated with a low number of capillaries.
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58
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Navneet S, Zhao J, Wang J, Mysona B, Barwick S, Ammal Kaidery N, Saul A, Kaddour-Djebbar I, Bollag WB, Thomas B, Bollinger KE, Smith SB. Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced death of retinal ganglion cells: The role of Müller glial cells and NRF2. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101199. [PMID: 31026769 PMCID: PMC6482349 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy), or increased levels of the excitatory amino acid homocysteine (Hcy), is implicated in glaucoma, a disease characterized by increased oxidative stress and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Whether Hhcy is causative or merely a biomarker for RGC loss in glaucoma is unknown. Here we analyzed the role of NRF2, a master regulator of the antioxidant response, in Hhcy-induced RGC death in vivo and in vitro. By crossing Nrf2−/− mice and two mouse models of chronic Hhcy (Cbs+/- and Mthfr+/- mice), we generated Cbs+/-Nrf2−/− and Mthfr+/-Nrf2−/− mice and performed systematic analysis of retinal architecture and visual acuity followed by assessment of retinal morphometry and gliosis. We observed significant reduction of inner retinal layer thickness and reduced visual acuity in Hhcy mice lacking NRF2. These functional deficits were accompanied by fewer RGCs and increased gliosis. Given the key role of Müller glial cells in maintaining RGCs, we established an ex-vivo indirect co-culture system using primary RGCs and Müller cells. Hhcy-exposure decreased RGC viability, which was abrogated when cells were indirectly cultured with wildtype (WT) Müller cells, but not with Nrf2−/− Müller cells. Exposure of WT Müller cells to Hhcy yielded a robust mitochondrial and glycolytic response, which was not observed in Nrf2−/− Müller cells. Taken together, the in vivo and in vitro data suggest that deleterious effects of Hhcy on RGCs are likely dependent upon the health of retinal glial cells and the availability of an intact retinal antioxidant response mechanism. Oxidative stress is linked to homocysteine (Hcy)-induced retinal ganglion cell death. NRF2's role in protecting ganglion cells from excess Hcy was studied in vitro/vivo. Hyper-Hcy mice were crossed with Nrf2−/− mice to study retinal function/structure. Ganglion cells co-cultured with primary WT Müller glial cells survived Hcy treatment. Nrf2−/− Müller cells did not afford neuroprotective advantage to Hcy-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Navneet
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Barbara Mysona
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon Barwick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alan Saul
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ismail Kaddour-Djebbar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kathryn E Bollinger
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sylvia B Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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59
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Mitochondrial Targeting of Antioxidants Alters Pancreatic Acinar Cell Bioenergetics and Determines Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071700. [PMID: 30959771 PMCID: PMC6480340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a core feature of acute pancreatitis, a severe disease in which oxidative stress is elevated. Mitochondrial targeting of antioxidants is a potential therapeutic strategy for this and other diseases, although thus far mixed results have been reported. We investigated the effects of mitochondrial targeting with the antioxidant MitoQ on pancreatic acinar cell bioenergetics, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and cell fate, in comparison with the non-antioxidant control decyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (DecylTPP) and general antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). MitoQ (µM range) and NAC (mM range) caused sustained elevations of basal respiration and the inhibition of spare respiratory capacity, which was attributable to an antioxidant action since these effects were minimal with DecylTPP. Although MitoQ but not DecylTPP decreased cellular NADH levels, mitochondrial ATP turnover capacity and cellular ATP concentrations were markedly reduced by both MitoQ and DecylTPP, indicating a non-specific effect of mitochondrial targeting. All three compounds were associated with a compensatory elevation of glycolysis and concentration-dependent increases in acinar cell apoptosis and necrosis. These data suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute a significant negative feedback control of basal cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial targeting using positively charged molecules that insert into the inner mitochondrial member appears to be deleterious in pancreatic acinar cells, as does an antioxidant strategy for the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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60
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Uittenbogaard M, Wang H, Zhang VW, Wong LJ, Brantner CA, Gropman A, Chiaramello A. The nuclear background influences the penetrance of the near-homoplasmic m.1630 A > G MELAS variant in a symptomatic proband and asymptomatic mother. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:429-438. [PMID: 30709774 PMCID: PMC6773428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the metabolic consequences of the m.1630 A > G variant in fibroblasts from the symptomatic proband affected with the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episode Syndrome and her asymptomatic mother. By long-range PCR followed by massively parallel sequencing of the mitochondrial genome, we accurately measured heteroplasmy in fibroblasts from the proband (89.6%) and her mother (94.8%). Using complementary experimental approaches, we show a functional correlation between manifestation of clinical symptoms and bioenergetic potential. Our mitochondrial morphometric analysis reveals a link between defects of mitochondrial cristae ultrastructure and symptomatic status. Despite near-homoplasmic level of the m.1630A > G variant, the mother's fibroblasts have a normal OXPHOS metabolism, which stands in contrast to the severely impaired OXPHOS response of the proband's fibroblasts. The proband's fibroblasts also exhibit glycolysis at near constitutive levels resulting in a stunted compensatory glycolytic response to offset the severe OXPHOS defect. Whole exome sequencing reveals the presence of a heterozygous nonsense VARS2 variant (p.R334X) exclusively in the proband, which removes two thirds of the VARS2 protein containing key domains interacting with the mt-tRNAval and may play a role in modulating the penetrance of the m.1630A > G variant despite similar near homoplasmic levels. Our transmission electron microscopy study also shows unexpected ultrastructural changes of chromatin suggestive of differential epigenomic regulation between the proband and her mother that may explain the differential OXPHOS response between the proband and her mother. Future study will decipher by which molecular mechanisms the nuclear background influences the penetrance of the m.1630 A > G variant causing MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Victor Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; AmCare Genomics Laboratory, GuangZhou 510300, China
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine A Brantner
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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61
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Corsi L, Pellati F, Brighenti V, Plessi N, Benvenuti S. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Neuroprotective Activity of Fibre-Type Cannabis sativa L. (Hemp). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180809124952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Fibre-type Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) usually contains cannabidiolic acid and
cannabidiol as the main non-psychoactive cannabinoids. Even though there is evidence of the neuroprotective
activity of pure cannabidiol, no in vitro studies have reported so far the role of hemp extracts on
neuroprotection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of hemp extracts
in in vitro cellular models of neurotoxicity.
Methods:
One extract was obtained from raw hemp inflorescences, while the other was prepared from
the same plant material submitted to a decarboxylation process. The composition of both these extracts
was evaluated by HPLC-UV/DAD. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and microglial BV-2 cell lines
treated with rotenone were selected as the model of neurodegeneration. The neuroprotection of hemp
extracts was assessed also in serum-free conditions both in the presence and in the absence of rotenone
as the toxic agent by using the same cell lines. The neuroprotective potential of cannabidiol was tested
in parallel.
Results:
The decarboxylated hemp extract possesses a mild neuroprotective activity on BV-2 cells
treated with rotenone, higher than that of pure cannabidiol. As regards serum-free experiments, the nondecarboxylated
hemp extract was the most effective neuroprotective agent toward SH-SY5Y cells,
while BV-2 cells were better protected from the toxic insult by the decarboxylated extract and cannabidiol.
Conclusion:
Both hemp extracts and pure cannabidiol displayed a moderate neuroprotective activity in
the neurotoxicity models considered in this study; in addition, they showed a trophic effect on SHSY5Y
cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Corsi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103 and 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103 and 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103 and 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Plessi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103 and 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103 and 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
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Ma H, Liu Y, Tang L, Ding H, Bao X, Song F, Zhu M, Li W. Echinacoside selectively rescues complex I inhibition-induced mitochondrial respiratory impairment via enhancing complex II activity. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:136-143. [PMID: 30797968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by Complex I deficiency in the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, there are no efficient therapeutic approaches to rescue mitochondrial respiratory impairment or prevent neurodegeneration in PD. The beneficial effects of echinacoside (ECH) on neurodegeneration have been reported in both in vivo and in vitro studies, yet the mechanisms underlying remain elusive and little has been investigated concerning the influences of ECH on mitochondrial respiratory impairment. Here, we compared the protection of ECH on cell injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by various inhibitors of Complex I-IV using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. We found that ECH selectively attenuates cell injury, reverses mitochondrial depolarization and bioenergetic failure caused by Complex I inhibitors, whereas it has little protection against Complex II-IV inhibitors. Further investigation demonstrated that ECH enhances Complex II activity and mitochondrial respiration in the cells treated with Complex I inhibitors. This suggests that ECH selectively rescues Complex I inhibition-induced mitochondrial respiratory impairment though elevating Complex II activity, and further confirms that ECH might have a promising potential in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihan Ma
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ophthalmology Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuxia Bao
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Wenwei Li
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neuropathology, Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Abstract
Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions, including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and structural components. Neuronal glucose oxidation exceeds that in astrocytes, but both rates increase in direct proportion to excitatory neurotransmission; signaling and metabolism are closely coupled at the local level. Exact details of neuron-astrocyte glutamate-glutamine cycling remain to be established, and the specific roles of glucose and lactate in the cellular energetics of these processes are debated. Glycolysis is preferentially upregulated during brain activation even though oxygen availability is sufficient (aerobic glycolysis). Three major pathways, glycolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, and glycogen turnover, contribute to utilization of glucose in excess of oxygen, and adrenergic regulation of aerobic glycolysis draws attention to astrocytic metabolism, particularly glycogen turnover, which has a high impact on the oxygen-carbohydrate mismatch. Aerobic glycolysis is proposed to be predominant in young children and specific brain regions, but re-evaluation of data is necessary. Shuttling of glucose- and glycogen-derived lactate from astrocytes to neurons during activation, neurotransmission, and memory consolidation are controversial topics for which alternative mechanisms are proposed. Nutritional therapy and vagus nerve stimulation are translational bridges from metabolism to clinical treatment of diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas ; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Castellano-Gonzalez G, Jacobs KR, Don E, Cole NJ, Adams S, Lim CK, Lovejoy DB, Guillemin GJ. Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Activity in Human Primary Neurons and Effect on Cellular Bioenergetics Identifies New Neurotoxic Mechanisms. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:530-541. [PMID: 30666558 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-9997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism is commonly observed in neurodegenerative disease. When activated, L-kynurenine (KYN) increases in the periphery and central nervous system where it is further metabolised to other neuroactive metabolites including 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN). Particularly biologically relevant metabolites are 3-HK and QUIN, formed downstream of the enzyme kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) which plays a pivotal role in maintaining KP homeostasis. Indeed, excessive production of 3-HK and QUIN has been described in neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. In this study, we characterise KMO activity in human primary neurons and identified new mechanisms by which KMO activation mediates neurotoxicity. We show that while transient activation of the KP promotes synthesis of the essential co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), allowing cells to meet short-term increased energy demands, chronic KMO activation induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage and decreases spare-respiratory capacity (SRC). We further found that these events generate a vicious-cycle, as mitochondrial dysfunction further shunts the KP towards the KMO branch of the KP to presumably enhance QUIN production. These mechanisms may be especially relevant in neurodegenerative disease as neurons are highly sensitive to oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Castellano-Gonzalez
- Neuroinflammation Group, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, 2, Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Kelly R Jacobs
- Neuroinflammation Group, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, 2, Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Emily Don
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Seray Adams
- Neuroinflammation Group, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, 2, Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Neuroinflammation Group, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, 2, Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - David B Lovejoy
- Neuroinflammation Group, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, 2, Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Macquarie University, 2, Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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65
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Findlay AS, Carter RN, Starbuck B, McKie L, Nováková K, Budd PS, Keighren MA, Marsh JA, Cross SH, Simon MM, Potter PK, Morton NM, Jackson IJ. Mouse Idh3a mutations cause retinal degeneration and reduced mitochondrial function. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.036426. [PMID: 30478029 PMCID: PMC6307916 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is an enzyme required for the production of α-ketoglutarate from isocitrate. IDH3 generates the NADH used in the mitochondria for ATP production, and is a tetramer made up of two α, one β and one γ subunit. Loss-of-function and missense mutations in both IDH3A and IDH3B have previously been implicated in families exhibiting retinal degeneration. Using mouse models, we investigated the role of IDH3 in retinal disease and mitochondrial function. We identified mice with late-onset retinal degeneration in a screen of ageing mice carrying an ENU-induced mutation, E229K, in Idh3a Mice homozygous for this mutation exhibit signs of retinal stress, indicated by GFAP staining, as early as 3 months, but no other tissues appear to be affected. We produced a knockout of Idh3a and found that homozygous mice do not survive past early embryogenesis. Idh3a-/E229K compound heterozygous mutants exhibit a more severe retinal degeneration compared with Idh3aE229K/E229K homozygous mutants. Analysis of mitochondrial function in mutant cell lines highlighted a reduction in mitochondrial maximal respiration and reserve capacity levels in both Idh3aE229K/E229K and Idh3a-/E229K cells. Loss-of-function Idh3b mutants do not exhibit the same retinal degeneration phenotype, with no signs of retinal stress or reduction in mitochondrial respiration. It has previously been reported that the retina operates with a limited mitochondrial reserve capacity and we suggest that this, in combination with the reduced reserve capacity in mutants, explains the degenerative phenotype observed in Idh3a mutant mice.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Findlay
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Roderick N Carter
- Molecular Metabolism Group, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Becky Starbuck
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Lisa McKie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Klára Nováková
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter S Budd
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Margaret A Keighren
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Joseph A Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sally H Cross
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michelle M Simon
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Paul K Potter
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Molecular Metabolism Group, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ian J Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK .,Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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66
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Uittenbogaard M, Gropman A, Brantner CA, Chiaramello A. Novel metabolic signatures of compound heterozygous Szt2 variants in a case of early-onset of epileptic encephalopathy. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:2376-2384. [PMID: 30564332 PMCID: PMC6293145 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study reports the case of a patient with early onset of epileptic encephalopathy harboring compound heterozygous Szt2 variants. We provide the first evidence that these Szt2 variants impair mitochondrial energy metabolism. Our results shed light on their pathogenic molecular mechanism and clinical implications for brain development and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington District of Columbia
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics Children's National Medical Center Washington District of Columbia
| | - Christine A Brantner
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center Office of the Vice President for Research George Washington University Washington District of Columbia
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington District of Columbia
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67
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Gardiner SL, Milanese C, Boogaard MW, Buijsen RAM, Hogenboom M, Roos RAC, Mastroberardino PG, van Roon-Mom WMC, Aziz NA. Bioenergetics in fibroblasts of patients with Huntington disease are associated with age at onset. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e275. [PMID: 30338295 PMCID: PMC6186024 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to assess whether differences in energy metabolism in fibroblast cell lines derived from patients with Huntington disease were associated with age at onset independent of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat number in the mutant allele. Methods For this study, we selected 9 pairs of patients with Huntington disease matched for mutant CAG repeat size and sex, but with a difference of at least 10 years in age at onset, using the Leiden Huntington disease database. From skin biopsies, we isolated fibroblasts in which we (1) quantified the ATP concentration before and after a hydrogen-peroxide challenge and (2) measured mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in real time, using the Seahorse XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer XF24. Results The ATP concentration in fibroblasts was significantly lower in patients with Huntington disease with an earlier age at onset, independent of calendar age and disease duration. Maximal respiration, spare capacity, and respiration dependent on complex II activity, and indices of mitochondrial respiration were significantly lower in patients with Huntington disease with an earlier age at onset, again independent of calendar age and disease duration. Conclusions A less efficient bioenergetics profile was found in fibroblast cells from patients with Huntington disease with an earlier age at onset independent of mutant CAG repeat size. Thus, differences in bioenergetics could explain part of the residual variation in age at onset in Huntington disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Gardiner
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Merel W Boogaard
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald A M Buijsen
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marye Hogenboom
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Raymund A C Roos
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Willeke M C van Roon-Mom
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- Department of Neurology (S.L.G., M.H., R.A.C.R., N.A.A.), Department of Human Genetic (S.L.G., R.A.M.B., W.M.C.v.R.-M.), and Department of Clinical Genetics (M.W.B.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden; Department of Molecular Genetics (C.M., P.G.M.), Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (N.A.A.), Bonn, Germany
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68
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Rose S, Niyazov DM, Rossignol DA, Goldenthal M, Kahler SG, Frye RE. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:571-593. [PMID: 30039193 PMCID: PMC6132446 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects ~ 2% of children in the United States. The etiology of ASD likely involves environmental factors triggering physiological abnormalities in genetically sensitive individuals. One of these major physiological abnormalities is mitochondrial dysfunction, which may affect a significant subset of children with ASD. Here we systematically review the literature on human studies of mitochondrial dysfunction related to ASD. Clinical aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD include unusual neurodevelopmental regression, especially if triggered by an inflammatory event, gastrointestinal symptoms, seizures, motor delays, fatigue and lethargy. Traditional biomarkers of mitochondrial disease are widely reported to be abnormal in ASD, but appear non-specific. Newer biomarkers include buccal cell enzymology, biomarkers of fatty acid metabolism, non-mitochondrial enzyme function, apoptosis markers and mitochondrial antibodies. Many genetic abnormalities are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD, including chromosomal abnormalities, mitochondrial DNA mutations and large-scale deletions, and mutations in both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial nuclear genes. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been described in immune and buccal cells, fibroblasts, muscle and gastrointestinal tissue and the brains of individuals with ASD. Several environmental factors, including toxicants, microbiome metabolites and an oxidized microenvironment are shown to modulate mitochondrial function in ASD tissues. Investigations of treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD are promising but preliminary. The etiology of mitochondrial dysfunction and how to define it in ASD is currently unclear. However, preliminary evidence suggests that the mitochondria may be a fruitful target for treatment and prevention of ASD. Further research is needed to better understand the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dmitriy M Niyazov
- Section of Medical Genetics, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Michael Goldenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology Section, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen G Kahler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Richard E Frye
- Division of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas St, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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69
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Anderson CJ, Kahl A, Qian L, Stepanova A, Starkov A, Manfredi G, Iadecola C, Zhou P. Prohibitin is a positive modulator of mitochondrial function in PC12 cells under oxidative stress. J Neurochem 2018; 146:235-250. [PMID: 29808474 PMCID: PMC6105506 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prohibitin (PHB) is a ubiquitously expressed and evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial protein with multiple functions. We have recently shown that PHB up-regulation offers robust protection against neuronal injury in models of cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism by which PHB affords neuroprotection remains to be elucidated. Here, we manipulated PHB expression in PC12 neural cells to investigate its impact on mitochondrial function and the mechanisms whereby it protects cells exposed to oxidative stress. PHB over-expression promoted cell survival, whereas PHB down-regulation diminished cell viability. Functionally, manipulation of PHB levels did not affect basal mitochondrial respiration, but it increased spare respiratory capacity. Moreover, PHB over-expression preserved mitochondrial respiratory function of cells exposed to oxidative stress. Preserved respiratory capacity in differentiated PHB over-expressing cells exposed to oxidative stress was associated with an elongated mitochondrial morphology, whereas PHB down-regulation enhanced fragmentation. Mitochondrial complex I oxidative degradation was attenuated by PHB over-expression and increased in PHB knockdown cells. Changes in complex I degradation were associated with alterations of respiratory chain supercomplexes. Furthermore, we showed that PHB directly interacts with cardiolipin and that down-regulation of PHB results in loss of cardiolipin in mitochondria, which may contribute to destabilizing respiratory chain supercomplexes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PHB modulates mitochondrial integrity and bioenergetics under oxidative stress, and suggest that the protective effect of PHB is mediated by stabilization of the mitochondrial respiratory machinery and its functional capacity, by the regulation of cardiolipin content. Open Data: Materials are available on https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/ https://osf.io/93n6m/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Qian
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61 Street, New York, NY 10065
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61 Street, New York, NY 10065
| | - Anatoly Starkov
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61 Street, New York, NY 10065
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61 Street, New York, NY 10065
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61 Street, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ping Zhou
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61 Street, New York, NY 10065
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Beyond autophagy: a novel role for autism-linked Wdfy3 in brain mitophagy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11348. [PMID: 30054502 PMCID: PMC6063930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing 3 (WDFY3; also known as Autophagy-Linked FYVE or Alfy) is an identified intellectual disability, developmental delay and autism risk gene. This gene encodes for a scaffolding protein that is expressed in both the developing and adult central nervous system and required for autophagy and aggrephagy with yet unexplored roles in mitophagy. Given that mitochondrial trafficking, dynamics and remodeling have key roles in synaptic plasticity, we tested the role of Wdfy3 on brain bioenergetics by using Wdfy3+/lacZ mice, the only known Wdfy3 mutant animal model with overt neurodevelopmental anomalies that survive to adulthood. We found that Wdfy3 is required for sustaining brain bioenergetics and morphology via mitophagy. Decreased mitochondrial quality control by conventional mitophagy was partly compensated for by the increased formation of mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDV) targeted to lysosomal degradation (micromitophagy). These observations, extended through proteomic analysis of mitochondria-enriched cortical fractions, showed significant enrichment for pathways associated with mitophagy, mitochondrial transport and axon guidance via semaphorin, Robo, L1cam and Eph-ephrin signaling. Collectively, our findings support a critical role for Wdfy3 in mitochondrial homeostasis with implications for neuron differentiation, neurodevelopment and age-dependent neurodegeneration.
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71
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Uittenbogaard M, Brantner CA, Fang Z, Wong LJ, Gropman A, Chiaramello A. The m.11778 A > G variant associated with the coexistence of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and multiple sclerosis-like illness dysregulates the metabolic interplay between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:187-194. [PMID: 29890302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanism of the rare coexistence of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) and multiple sclerosis (MS), also known as the Harding's syndrome. In this study, we provide novel evidence that the m.11778A > G variant causes a defective metabolic interplay between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. We used dermal fibroblasts derived from a female proband exhibiting clinical symptoms compatible with LHON-MS due to the presence of the pathogenic m.11778A > G variant at near homoplasmic levels. Our mitochondrial morphometric analysis reveals abnormal cristae architecture. Live-cell respiratory studies show stunted metabolic potential and spare respiratory capacity, vital for cell survival upon a sudden energy demand. The m.11778 A > G variant also alters glycolytic activities with a diminished compensatory glycolysis, thereby preventing an efficient metabolic reprogramming during a mitochondrial ATP crisis. Our collective results provide evidence of limited bioenergetic flexibility in the presence of the m.11778 A > G variant. Our study sheds light on the potential pathophysiologic mechanism of the m.11778 A > G variant leading to energy crisis in this patient with the LHON-MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Christine A Brantner
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - ZiShui Fang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Armstrong JA, Cash NJ, Ouyang Y, Morton JC, Chvanov M, Latawiec D, Awais M, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Oxidative stress alters mitochondrial bioenergetics and modifies pancreatic cell death independently of cyclophilin D, resulting in an apoptosis-to-necrosis shift. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8032-8047. [PMID: 29626097 PMCID: PMC5971444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction lies at the core of acute pancreatitis (AP). Diverse AP stimuli induce Ca2+-dependent formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), a solute channel modulated by cyclophilin D (CypD), the formation of which causes ATP depletion and necrosis. Oxidative stress reportedly triggers MPTP formation and is elevated in clinical AP, but how reactive oxygen species influence cell death is unclear. Here, we assessed potential MPTP involvement in oxidant-induced effects on pancreatic acinar cell bioenergetics and fate. H2O2 application promoted acinar cell apoptosis at low concentrations (1-10 μm), whereas higher levels (0.5-1 mm) elicited rapid necrosis. H2O2 also decreased the mitochondrial NADH/FAD+ redox ratio and ΔΨm in a concentration-dependent manner (10 μm to 1 mm H2O2), with maximal effects at 500 μm H2O2 H2O2 decreased the basal O2 consumption rate of acinar cells, with no alteration of ATP turnover at <50 μm H2O2 However, higher H2O2 levels (≥50 μm) diminished spare respiratory capacity and ATP turnover, and bioenergetic collapse, ATP depletion, and cell death ensued. Menadione exerted detrimental bioenergetic effects similar to those of H2O2, which were inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Oxidant-induced bioenergetic changes, loss of ΔΨm, and cell death were not ameliorated by genetic deletion of CypD or by its acute inhibition with cyclosporine A. These results indicate that oxidative stress alters mitochondrial bioenergetics and modifies pancreatic acinar cell death. A shift from apoptosis to necrosis appears to be associated with decreased mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and ATP production, effects that are independent of CypD-sensitive MPTP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Armstrong
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole J Cash
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Yulin Ouyang
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Jack C Morton
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - David N Criddle
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
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73
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Intracellular response of CHO cells to oxidative stress and its influence on metabolism and antibody production. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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74
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Verma M, Kipari TMJ, Zhang Z, Man TY, Forster T, Homer NZM, Seckl JR, Holmes MC, Chapman KE. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 deficiency alters brain energy metabolism in acute systemic inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:223-234. [PMID: 29162555 PMCID: PMC5871395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels impair cognition and are pro-inflammatory in the brain. Deficiency or inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11β-HSD1), which converts inactive into active glucocorticoids, protects against glucocorticoid-associated chronic stress- or age-related cognitive impairment. Here, we hypothesised that 11β-HSD1 deficiency attenuates the brain cytokine response to inflammation. Because inflammation is associated with altered energy metabolism, we also examined the effects of 11β-HSD1 deficiency upon hippocampal energy metabolism. Inflammation was induced in 11β-HSD1 deficient (Hsd11b1Del/Del) and C57BL/6 control mice by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS reduced circulating neutrophil and monocyte numbers and increased plasma corticosterone levels equally in C57BL/6 and Hsd11b1Del/Del mice, suggesting a similar peripheral inflammatory response. However, the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs in the hippocampus was attenuated in Hsd11b1Del/Del mice. Principal component analysis of mRNA expression revealed a distinct metabolic response to LPS in hippocampus of Hsd11b1Del/Del mice. Expression of Pfkfb3 and Ldha, key contributors to the Warburg effect, showed greater induction in Hsd11b1Del/Del mice. Consistent with increased glycolytic flux, levels of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate were reduced in hippocampus of LPS injected Hsd11b1Del/Del mice. Expression of Sdha and Sdhb, encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase/complex II that determines mitochondrial reserve respiratory capacity, was induced specifically in hippocampus of LPS injected Hsd11b1Del/Del mice, together with increased levels of its product, fumarate. These data suggest 11β-HSD1 deficiency attenuates the hippocampal pro-inflammatory response to LPS, associated with increased capacity for aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial ATP generation. This may provide better metabolic support and be neuroprotective during systemic inflammation or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Verma
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tiina M J Kipari
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Zhenguang Zhang
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Thorsten Forster
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jonathan R Seckl
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Megan C Holmes
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Karen E Chapman
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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75
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Smolina N, Bruton J, Kostareva A, Sejersen T. Assaying Mitochondrial Respiration as an Indicator of Cellular Metabolism and Fitness. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1601:79-87. [PMID: 28470519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6960-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration is the most important generator of cellular energy under most circumstances. It is a process of energy conversion of substrates into ATP. The Seahorse equipment allows measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in living cells and estimates key parameters of mitochondrial respiration in real-time mode. Through use of mitochondrial inhibitors, four key mitochondrial respiration parameters can be measured: basal, ATP production-linked, maximal, and proton leak-linked OCR. This approach requires application of mitochondrial inhibitors-oligomycin to block ATP synthase, FCCP-to make the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable for protons and allow maximum electron flux through the electron transport chain, and rotenone and antimycin A-to inhibit complexes I and III, respectively. This chapter describes the protocol of OCR assessment in the culture of primary myotubes obtained upon satellite cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smolina
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova Str. 2, Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia.
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76
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Atamna H, Tenore A, Lui F, Dhahbi JM. Organ reserve, excess metabolic capacity, and aging. Biogerontology 2018; 19:171-184. [PMID: 29335816 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
"Organ reserve" refers to the ability of an organ to successfully return to its original physiological state following repeated episodes of stress. Clinical evidence shows that organ reserve correlates with the ability of older adults to cope with an added workload or stress, suggesting a role in the process of aging. Although organ reserve is well documented clinically, it is not clearly defined at the molecular level. Interestingly, several metabolic pathways exhibit excess metabolic capacities (e.g., bioenergetics pathway, antioxidants system, plasticity). These pathways comprise molecular components that have an excess of quantity and/or activity than that required for basic physiological demand in vivo (e.g., mitochondrial complex IV or glycolytic enzymes). We propose that the excess in mtDNA copy number and tandem DNA repeats of telomeres are additional examples of intrinsically embedded structural components that could comprise excess capacity. These excess capacities may grant intermediary metabolism the ability to instantly cope with, or manage, added workload or stress. Therefore, excess metabolic capacities could be viewed as an innate mechanism of adaptability that substantiates organ reserve and contributes to the cellular defense systems. If metabolic excess capacities or organ reserves are impaired or exhausted, the ability of the cell to cope with stress is reduced. Under these circumstances cell senescence, transformation, or death occurs. In this review, we discuss excess metabolic and structural capacities as integrated metabolic pathways in relation to organ reserve and cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Atamna
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 217 E Club Center Dr. Suite A, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA.
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
| | - Alfred Tenore
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 217 E Club Center Dr. Suite A, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Forshing Lui
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 217 E Club Center Dr. Suite A, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Dhahbi
- School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine (CUSM), 217 E Club Center Dr. Suite A, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
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77
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Lores-Arnaiz S, Karadayian AG, Gutnisky A, Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz G. The low affinity neurotensin receptor antagonist levocabastine impairs brain nitric oxide synthesis and mitochondrial function by independent mechanisms. J Neurochem 2017; 143:684-696. [PMID: 28975622 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin is known to inhibit neuronal Na+ , K+ -ATPase, an effect that is rescued by nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition. However, whether the neurotensinergic and the nitrergic systems are independent pathways, or are mechanistically linked, remains unknown. Here, we addressed this issue and found that the administration of low affinity neurotensin receptor (NTS2) antagonist, levocabastine (50 μg/kg, i.p.) inhibited NO synthase (NOS) activity by 74 and 42% after 18 h in synaptosomal and mitochondrial fractions isolated from the Wistar rat cerebral cortex, respectively; these effects disappeared 36 h after levocabastine treatment. Intriguingly, whereas neuronal NOS protein abundance decreased (by 56%) in synaptosomes membranes, it was enhanced (by 86%) in mitochondria 18 h after levocabastine administration. Levocabastine enhanced the respiratory rate of synaptosomes in the presence of oligomycin, but it failed to alter the spare respiratory capacity; furthermore, the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes I-IV activities were severely diminished by levocabastine administration. The inhibition of NOS and MRC complexes activities were also observed after incubation of synaptosomes and mitochondria with levocabastine (1 μM) in vitro. These data indicate that the NTS2 antagonist levocabastine regulates NOS expression and activity at the synapse, suggesting an interrelationship between the neurotensinergic and the nitrergic systems. However, the bioenergetics effects of NTS2 activity inhibition are likely to be independent from the regulation of NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía G Karadayian
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Gutnisky
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Rodríguez de Lores Arnaiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias "Profesor Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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78
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Peng H, Wang Q, Lou T, Qin J, Jung S, Shetty V, Li F, Wang Y, Feng XH, Mitch WE, Graham BH, Hu Z. Myokine mediated muscle-kidney crosstalk suppresses metabolic reprogramming and fibrosis in damaged kidneys. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1493. [PMID: 29138395 PMCID: PMC5686208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury initiates metabolic reprogramming in tubule cells that contributes to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exercise has been associated with beneficial effects in patients with CKD. Here we show that the induction of a myokine, irisin, improves kidney energy metabolism and prevents kidney damage. In response to kidney injury, mice with muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression (mPGC-1α) exhibit reduced kidney damage and fibrosis. Metabolomics analysis reveals increased ATP production and improved energy metabolism in injured kidneys from mPGC-1α mice. We identify irisin as a serum factor that mediates these metabolic effects during progressive kidney injury by inhibiting TGF-β type 1 receptor. Irisin depletion from serum blunts the induction of oxygen consumption rate observed in tubule cells treated with mPGC-1α serum. In mice, recombinant irisin administration attenuates kidney damage and fibrosis and improves kidney functions. We suggest that myokine-mediated muscle-kidney crosstalk can suppress metabolic reprograming and fibrogenesis during kidney disease. Progressive tubule cell damage results in defects in mitochondrial metabolism and exercise seems to be beneficial during chronic kidney disease. Here Peng et al. show that irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, improves kidney energy metabolism by inhibiting TGF-β type 1 receptors and ameliorates fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tanqi Lou
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sungyun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivekananda Shetty
- The Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Li
- The Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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79
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Kizilay Mancini O, Lora M, Cuillerier A, Shum-Tim D, Hamdy R, Burelle Y, Servant MJ, Stochaj U, Colmegna I. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Reduces the Immunopotency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Adults With Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2017; 122:255-266. [PMID: 29113965 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutic strategies for coronary artery disease; however, donor-related variability in cell quality is a main cause of discrepancies in preclinical studies. In vitro, MSCs from individuals with coronary artery disease have reduced ability to suppress activated T-cells. The mechanisms underlying the altered immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs in the context of atherosclerosis remain elusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the impaired immunomodulatory properties of MSCs from patients with atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Adipose tissue-derived MSCs were isolated from atherosclerotic (n=38) and nonatherosclerotic (n=42) donors. MSCs:CD4+T-cell suppression was assessed in allogeneic coculture systems. Compared with nonatherosclerotic-MSCs, atherosclerotic-MSCs displayed higher levels of both intracellular (P=0.006) and mitochondrial (P=0.03) reactive oxygen species reflecting altered mitochondrial function. The increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels of atherosclerotic-MSCs promoted a phenotypic switch characterized by enhanced glycolysis and an altered cytokine secretion (interleukin-6 P<0.0001, interleukin-8/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 P=0.04, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine ligand 2 P=0.01). Furthermore, treatment of atherosclerotic-MSCs with the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine reduced the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine ligand 2 in the MSC secretome and improved MSCs immunosuppressive capacity (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS An impaired mitochondrial function of atherosclerotic-MSCs underlies their altered secretome and reduced immunopotency. Interventions aimed at restoring the mitochondrial function of atherosclerotic-MSCs improve their in vitro immunosuppressive ability and may translate into enhanced therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Kizilay Mancini
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maximilien Lora
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexanne Cuillerier
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reggie Hamdy
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yan Burelle
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc J Servant
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inés Colmegna
- From the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (O.K.M.), Department of Physiology (U.S.), Divisions of Cardiac Surgery and Surgical Research, Department of Surgery (D.S.T.), Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (I.C., M.L.) McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children (R.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.C., Y.B.), University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Faculty of Pharmacy (M.J.S.), University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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80
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Wong S, Giulivi C. Autism, Mitochondria and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposure. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2017; 15:614-23. [PMID: 27071785 DOI: 10.2174/1871527315666160413122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a growing concern with more than 1 in every 68 children affected in the United States by age 8. Limited scientific advances have been made regarding the etiology of autism, with general agreement that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to this disorder. OBJECTIVE To explore the link between exposure to PBDE, mitochondrial dysfunction and autism risk. RESULTS Perinatal exposures to PBDEs may contribute to the etiology or morbidity of ASD including mitochondrial dysfunction based on (i) their increased environmental abundance and human exposures, (ii) their activity towards implicated in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity including mitochondria, and (iii) their bioaccumulation in mitochondria. CONCLUSION In this review, we propose that PBDE, and possibly other environmental exposures, during child development can induce or compound mitochondrial dysfunction, which in conjunction with a dysregulated antioxidant response, increase a child's susceptibility of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- University of California, Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., 3009 VetMed3B, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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81
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Kim C, Potluri P, Khalil A, Gaut D, McManus M, Compton S, Wallace DC, Yadava N. An X-chromosome linked mouse model (Ndufa1 S55A) for systemic partial Complex I deficiency for studying predisposition to neurodegeneration and other diseases. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:78-93. [PMID: 28506826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory chain Complex I deficiencies are the most common cause of mitochondrial diseases. Complex I biogenesis is controlled by 58 genes and at least 47 of these cause mitochondrial disease in humans. Two of these are X-chromosome linked nuclear (nDNA) genes (NDUFA1 and NDUFB11), and 7 are mitochondrial (mtDNA, MT-ND1-6, -4L) genes, which may be responsible for sex-dependent variation in the presentation of mitochondrial diseases. In this study, we describe an X-chromosome linked mouse model (Ndufa1S55A) for systemic partial Complex I deficiency. By homologous recombination, a point mutation T > G within 55th codon of the Ndufa1 gene was introduced. The resulting allele Ndufa1S55A introduced systemic serine-55-alanine (S55A) mutation within the MWFE protein, which is essential for Complex I assembly and stability. The S55A mutation caused systemic partial Complex I deficiency of ∼50% in both sexes. The mutant males (Ndufa1S55A/Y) displayed reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and produced less body heat. They were also hypoactive and ate less. They showed age-dependent Purkinje neurons degeneration. Metabolic profiling of brain, liver and serum from males showed reduced heme levels in mutants, which correlated with altered expressions of Fech and Hmox1 mRNAs in tissues. This is the first genuine X-chromosome linked mouse model for systemic partial Complex I deficiency, which shows age-dependent neurodegeneration. The effect of Complex I deficiency on survival patterns of males vs. females was different. We believe this model will be very useful for studying sex-dependent predisposition to both spontaneous and stress-induced neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Kim
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Prasanth Potluri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Daria Gaut
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meagan McManus
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shannon Compton
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism at Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
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82
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Stauch KL, Emanuel K, Lamberty BG, Morsey B, Fox HS. Central nervous system-penetrating antiretrovirals impair energetic reserve in striatal nerve terminals. J Neurovirol 2017; 23:795-807. [PMID: 28895059 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs with central nervous system (CNS) penetration effectiveness (CPE) may be useful in the treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) as well as targeting a CNS reservoir in strategies to achieve a functional cure for HIV. However, increased cognitive deficits are linked to at least one of these drugs (efavirenz). As mitochondrial dysfunction has been found with a number of ARVs, and as such can affect neuronal function, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of ARV with high CPE for toxicological profiles on presynaptic nerve terminal energy metabolism. This subcellular region is especially vulnerable in that a constant supply of ATP is required for the proper maintenance of neurotransmitter release and uptake supporting proper neuronal function. We evaluated the effects of acute treatment with ten different high CPE ARVs from five different drug classes on rat cortical and striatal nerve terminal bioenergetic function. While cortical nerve terminal bioenergetics were not altered, striatal nerve terminals exposed to efavirenz, nevirapine, abacavir, emtricitabine, zidovudine, darunavir, lopinavir, raltegravir, or maraviroc (but not indinavir) exhibit reduced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (SRC). Further examination of efavirenz and maraviroc revealed a concentration-dependent impairment of striatal nerve terminal maximal mitochondrial respiration and SRC as well as a reduction of intraterminal ATP levels. Depletion of ATP at the synapse may underlie its dysfunction and contribute to neuronal dysfunction in treated HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Stauch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katy Emanuel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benjamin G Lamberty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brenda Morsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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83
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Liu Y, Chong L, Li X, Tang P, Liu P, Hou C, Zhang X, Li R. Astragaloside IV rescues MPP +-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through upregulation of methionine sulfoxide reductase A. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2650-2656. [PMID: 28962208 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) repairs oxidatively damaged proteins through acting as an antioxidant. Oxidative stress has been postulated to cause the mitochondrial dysfunction that is associated with aging and certain diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study investigated the protective effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through MsrA in PC12 cells. This revealed that oxidative stress reduced the expression of MsrA following MPP+ treatment. AS-IV was demonstrated to protect PC12 cells from MPP+-induced oxidative damage through upregulating MsrA. MsrA expression was dependent on the Sirt1-FOXO3a signaling pathway. In addition, knockdown of MsrA reduced the protective effects of AS-IV, indicating that the antioxidant effects of AS-UV occurred through MsrA. These results suggest that AS-IV exerts antioxidant effects and regulates mitochondrial function. Thus, AS-IV may serve as an effective therapeutic agent for aging and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Li Chong
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Chen Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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84
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Anandhan A, Jacome MS, Lei S, Hernandez-Franco P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Powers R, Franco R. Metabolic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Bioenergetics, Redox Homeostasis and Central Carbon Metabolism. Brain Res Bull 2017; 133:12-30. [PMID: 28341600 PMCID: PMC5555796 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of protein inclusions (Lewy bodies) are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is triggered by genetic alterations, environmental/occupational exposures and aging. However, the exact molecular mechanisms linking these PD risk factors to neuronal dysfunction are still unclear. Alterations in redox homeostasis and bioenergetics (energy failure) are thought to be central components of neurodegeneration that contribute to the impairment of important homeostatic processes in dopaminergic cells such as protein quality control mechanisms, neurotransmitter release/metabolism, axonal transport of vesicles and cell survival. Importantly, both bioenergetics and redox homeostasis are coupled to neuro-glial central carbon metabolism. We and others have recently established a link between the alterations in central carbon metabolism induced by PD risk factors, redox homeostasis and bioenergetics and their contribution to the survival/death of dopaminergic cells. In this review, we focus on the link between metabolic dysfunction, energy failure and redox imbalance in PD, making an emphasis in the contribution of central carbon (glucose) metabolism. The evidence summarized here strongly supports the consideration of PD as a disorder of cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Anandhan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Maria S Jacome
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States
| | - Shulei Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Pablo Hernandez-Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Robert Powers
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68516, United States; Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, United States.
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85
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Frye RE, Rose S, Wynne R, Bennuri SC, Blossom S, Gilbert KM, Heilbrun L, Palmer RF. Oxidative Stress Challenge Uncovers Trichloroacetaldehyde Hydrate-Induced Mitoplasticity in Autistic and Control Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4478. [PMID: 28667285 PMCID: PMC5493637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitoplasticity occurs when mitochondria adapt to tolerate stressors. Previously we hypothesized that a subset of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from children with autistic disorder (AD) show mitoplasticity (AD-A), presumably due to previous environmental exposures; another subset of AD LCLs demonstrated normal mitochondrial activity (AD-N). To better understand mitoplasticity in the AD-A LCLs we examined changes in mitochondrial function using the Seahorse XF96 analyzer in AD and Control LCLs after exposure to trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate (TCAH), an in vivo metabolite of the environmental toxicant and common environmental pollutant trichloroethylene. To better understand the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitoplasticity, TCAH exposure was followed by acute exposure to 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-napthoquinone (DMNQ), an agent that increases ROS. TCAH exposure by itself resulted in a decline in mitochondrial respiration in all LCL groups. This effect was mitigated when TCAH was followed by acute DMNQ exposure but this varied across LCL groups. DMNQ did not affect AD-N LCLs, while it neutralized the detrimental effect of TCAH in Control LCLs and resulted in a increase in mitochondrial respiration in AD-A LCLs. These data suggest that acute increases in ROS can activate mitochondrial protective pathways and that AD-A LCLs are better able to activate these protective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Eugene Frye
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rebecca Wynne
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sirish C Bennuri
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sarah Blossom
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kathleen M Gilbert
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lynne Heilbrun
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raymond F Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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86
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Ireland KE, Maloyan A, Myatt L. Melatonin Improves Mitochondrial Respiration in Syncytiotrophoblasts From Placentas of Obese Women. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:120-130. [PMID: 28443479 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with increased oxidative stress but decreased placental mitochondrial respiration and expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I to V. Melatonin acts as an antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress-induced changes in cytotrophoblasts. Placentas were collected at term by cesarean delivery from obese (first trimester body mass index [BMI] ≥30, n = 10) or lean (BMI < 25, n = 6) women. Cytotrophoblasts were isolated and allowed to syncytialize for 72 hours with or without melatonin (0.1-100 µM) for the last 24 hours. Mitochondrial respiratory parameters were measured in a Seahorse XF24. Expression of ETC complexes I to V and antioxidant enzymes was measured by Western blot. Maternal clinical characteristics of patients were similar except for BMI. No significant improvement in mitochondrial respiration occurred with addition of melatonin to trophoblasts of lean women. However, in trophoblasts from obese women, melatonin (10 and 100 µmol/L) significantly increased maximal respiration ( P = .01 and P = .009, respectively) and spare capacity ( P = .02 and P = .003, respectively) compared to the untreated control. No differences were detected in the expression of ETC complexes and superoxide dismutase 1 or 2 in trophoblasts treated with melatonin. The expression of glutathione peroxidase, which was significantly greater in trophoblast of obese compared to lean women ( P < .05), was decreased back to the level seen in trophoblast of lean women with addition of melatonin ( P = .02). Improved spare respiratory capacity, the cellular reserve, could impart a protective effect to the placenta and fetus in an adverse intrauterine environment or in response to additional stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E Ireland
- 1 Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alina Maloyan
- 2 Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,3 Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- 2 Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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87
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Mills EL, Kelly B, O'Neill LAJ. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of immunity. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:488-498. [PMID: 28418387 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that mitochondria lie at the heart of immunity. Mitochondrial DNA acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), and the mitochondrial outer membrane is a platform for signaling molecules such as MAVS in RIG-I signaling, and for the NLRP3 inflammasome. Mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission have roles in aspects of immune-cell activation. Most important, Krebs cycle intermediates such as succinate, fumarate and citrate engage in processes related to immunity and inflammation, in both innate and adaptive immune cells. These discoveries are revealing mitochondrial targets that could potentially be exploited for therapeutic gain in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna L Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Beth Kelly
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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88
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Bordt EA, Clerc P, Roelofs BA, Saladino AJ, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V, Cherok E, Khalil A, Yadava N, Ge SX, Francis TC, Kennedy NW, Picton LK, Kumar T, Uppuluri S, Miller AM, Itoh K, Karbowski M, Sesaki H, Hill RB, Polster BM. The Putative Drp1 Inhibitor mdivi-1 Is a Reversible Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor that Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species. Dev Cell 2017; 40:583-594.e6. [PMID: 28350990 PMCID: PMC5398851 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission mediated by the GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is an attractive drug target in numerous maladies that range from heart disease to neurodegenerative disorders. The compound mdivi-1 is widely reported to inhibit Drp1-dependent fission, elongate mitochondria, and mitigate brain injury. Here, we show that mdivi-1 reversibly inhibits mitochondrial complex I-dependent O2 consumption and reverse electron transfer-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at concentrations (e.g., 50 μM) used to target mitochondrial fission. Respiratory inhibition is rescued by bypassing complex I using yeast NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1. Unexpectedly, respiratory impairment by mdivi-1 occurs without mitochondrial elongation, is not mimicked by Drp1 deletion, and is observed in Drp1-deficient fibroblasts. In addition, mdivi-1 poorly inhibits recombinant Drp1 GTPase activity (Ki > 1.2 mM). Overall, these results suggest that mdivi-1 is not a specific Drp1 inhibitor. The ability of mdivi-1 to reversibly inhibit complex I and modify mitochondrial ROS production may contribute to effects observed in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Pascaline Clerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian A Roelofs
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrew J Saladino
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - László Tretter
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Edward Cherok
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01109, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01109, USA; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shealinna X Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - T Chase Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nolan W Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lora K Picton
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tanya Kumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sruti Uppuluri
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexandrea M Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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89
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Temperature induces significant changes in both glycolytic reserve and mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity in colorectal cancer cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2017; 354:112-121. [PMID: 28342898 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermotherapy, as a method of treating cancer, has recently attracted considerable attention from basic and clinical investigators. A number of studies and clinical trials have shown that thermotherapy can be successfully used as a therapeutic approach for various cancers. However, the effects of temperature on cancer bioenergetics have not been studied in detail with a real time, microplate based, label-free detection approach. This study investigates how changes in temperature affect the bioenergetics characteristics (mitochondrial function and glycolysis) of three colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines utilizing the Seahorse XF96 technology. Experiments were performed at 32°C, 37°C and 42°C using assay medium conditions and equipment settings adjusted to produce equal oxygen and pH levels ubiquitously at the beginning of all experiments. The results suggest that temperature significantly changes multiple components of glycolytic and mitochondrial function of all cell lines tested. Under hypothermia conditions (32°C), the extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) of CRC cells were significantly lower compared to the same basal ECAR levels measured at 37°C. Mitochondrial stress test for SW480 cells at 37°C vs 42°C demonstrated increased proton leak while all other OCR components remained unchanged (similar results were detected also for the patient-derived xenograft cells Pt.93). Interestingly, the FCCP dose response at 37°C vs 42°C show significant shifts in profiles, suggesting that single dose FCCP experiments might not be sufficient to characterize the mitochondrial metabolic potential when comparing groups, conditions or treatments. These findings provide valuable insights for the metabolic and bioenergetic changes of CRC cells under hypo- and hyperthermia conditions that could potentially lead to development of better targeted and personalized strategies for patients undergoing combined thermotherapy with chemotherapy.
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90
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Agnihotri SK, Shen R, Li J, Gao X, Büeler H. Loss of PINK1 leads to metabolic deficits in adult neural stem cells and impedes differentiation of newborn neurons in the mouse hippocampus. FASEB J 2017; 31:2839-2853. [PMID: 28325755 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600960rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Although abnormal AHN has been linked to depression, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction, which are features of neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD), the impact of mitochondrial deficits on AHN have not been explored previously in a model of neurodegeneration. Here, we used PTEN-induced kinase 1-deficient (PINK1-/- ) mice that lacked a mitochondrial kinase mutated in recessive familial PD. We show that mitochondrial defects, elevated glycolysis, and increased apoptosis are associated with impaired but not abrogated differentiation of PINK1-deficient neural stem cells (NSCs) in culture. In the dentate gyrus of PINK1-/- mice, newly generated doublecortin-positive neurons show aberrant dendritic morphology, and their maturation is compromised compared with wild-type mice. In addition, in vivo labeling of NSCs with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine shows that proliferating NSC numbers are normal, but the differentiation of NSCs to doublecortin-positive neuroblasts and mature NeuN+ neurons is impeded in PINK1-/- mice. Finally, we demonstrate that home cage activity and corticosterone levels of PINK1-/- mice are normal, thereby excluding reduced physical activity and increased stress as causes of neurogenesis defects. Our results reveal a new and important relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired AHN in a genetic PD model. Targeting mitochondrial function and metabolism to increase AHN may hold promise for the treatment of affective disorders and the mitigation of related symptoms in PD and other neurodegenerative conditions.-Agnihotri, S. K., Shen, R., Li, J., Gao, X., Büeler, H. Loss of PINK1 leads to metabolic deficits in adult neural stem cells and impedes differentiation of newborn neurons in the mouse hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruifang Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hansruedi Büeler
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China;
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91
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Nguyen QL, Corey C, White P, Watson A, Gladwin MT, Simon MA, Shiva S. Platelets from pulmonary hypertension patients show increased mitochondrial reserve capacity. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91415. [PMID: 28289721 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that altered cellular metabolism is systemic in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and central to disease pathogenesis. However, bioenergetic changes in PH patients and their association with disease severity remain unclear. Here, we hypothesize that alteration in bioenergetic function is present in platelets from PH patients and correlates with clinical parameters of PH. Platelets isolated from controls and PH patients (n = 28) were subjected to extracellular flux analysis to determine oxygen consumption and glycolytic rates. Platelets from PH patients showed greater glycolytic rates than controls. Surprisingly, this was accompanied by significant increases in the maximal capacity for oxygen consumption, leading to enhanced respiratory reserve capacity in PH platelets. This increased platelet reserve capacity correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and right ventricular stroke work index in PH patients and was abolished by the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Consistent with a shift to FAO, PH platelets showed augmented enzymatic activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and electron transport chain complex II. These data extend the observation of a metabolic alteration in PH from the pulmonary vascular axis to the hematologic compartment and suggest that measurement of platelet bioenergetics is potentially useful in assessment of disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen L Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine.,Vascular Medicine Institute
| | | | | | | | - Mark T Gladwin
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine.,Vascular Medicine Institute
| | - Marc A Simon
- Vascular Medicine Institute.,Division of Cardiology
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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92
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Mookerjee SA, Gerencser AA, Nicholls DG, Brand MD. Quantifying intracellular rates of glycolytic and oxidative ATP production and consumption using extracellular flux measurements. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7189-7207. [PMID: 28270511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.774471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Partitioning of ATP generation between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation is central to cellular bioenergetics but cumbersome to measure. We describe here how rates of ATP generation by each pathway can be calculated from simultaneous measurements of extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption. We update theoretical maximum ATP yields by mitochondria and cells catabolizing different substrates. Mitochondrial P/O ratios (mol of ATP generated per mol of [O] consumed) are 2.73 for oxidation of pyruvate plus malate and 1.64 for oxidation of succinate. Complete oxidation of glucose by cells yields up to 33.45 ATP/glucose with a maximum P/O of 2.79. We introduce novel indices to quantify bioenergetic phenotypes. The glycolytic index reports the proportion of ATP production from glycolysis and identifies cells as primarily glycolytic (glycolytic index > 50%) or primarily oxidative. The Warburg effect is a chronic increase in glycolytic index, quantified by the Warburg index. Additional indices quantify the acute flexibility of ATP supply. The Crabtree index and Pasteur index quantify the responses of oxidative and glycolytic ATP production to alterations in glycolysis and oxidative reactions, respectively; the supply flexibility index quantifies overall flexibility of ATP supply; and the bioenergetic capacity quantifies the maximum rate of total ATP production. We illustrate the determination of these indices using C2C12 myoblasts. Measurement of ATP use revealed no significant preference for glycolytic or oxidative ATP by specific ATP consumers. Overall, we demonstrate how extracellular fluxes quantitatively reflect intracellular ATP turnover and cellular bioenergetics. We provide a simple spreadsheet to calculate glycolytic and oxidative ATP production rates from raw extracellular acidification and respiration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona A Mookerjee
- From Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California 94592 and .,the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
| | - Akos A Gerencser
- the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
| | - David G Nicholls
- the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
| | - Martin D Brand
- From Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California 94592 and.,the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
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93
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Guitart AV, Panagopoulou TI, Villacreces A, Vukovic M, Sepulveda C, Allen L, Carter RN, van de Lagemaat LN, Morgan M, Giles P, Sas Z, Gonzalez MV, Lawson H, Paris J, Edwards-Hicks J, Schaak K, Subramani C, Gezer D, Armesilla-Diaz A, Wills J, Easterbrook A, Coman D, So CWE, O'Carroll D, Vernimmen D, Rodrigues NP, Pollard PJ, Morton NM, Finch A, Kranc KR. Fumarate hydratase is a critical metabolic regulator of hematopoietic stem cell functions. J Exp Med 2017; 214:719-735. [PMID: 28202494 PMCID: PMC5339674 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Strict regulation of stem cell metabolism is essential for tissue functions and tumor suppression. In this study, we investigated the role of fumarate hydratase (Fh1), a key component of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and cytosolic fumarate metabolism, in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis-specific Fh1 deletion (resulting in endogenous fumarate accumulation and a genetic TCA cycle block reflected by decreased maximal mitochondrial respiration) caused lethal fetal liver hematopoietic defects and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) failure. Reexpression of extramitochondrial Fh1 (which normalized fumarate levels but not maximal mitochondrial respiration) rescued these phenotypes, indicating the causal role of cellular fumarate accumulation. However, HSCs lacking mitochondrial Fh1 (which had normal fumarate levels but defective maximal mitochondrial respiration) failed to self-renew and displayed lymphoid differentiation defects. In contrast, leukemia-initiating cells lacking mitochondrial Fh1 efficiently propagated Meis1/Hoxa9-driven leukemia. Thus, we identify novel roles for fumarate metabolism in HSC maintenance and hematopoietic differentiation and reveal a differential requirement for mitochondrial Fh1 in normal hematopoiesis and leukemia propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie V Guitart
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Theano I Panagopoulou
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Arnaud Villacreces
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Milica Vukovic
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Catarina Sepulveda
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Lewis Allen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Roderick N Carter
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Louie N van de Lagemaat
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Marcos Morgan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Peter Giles
- Wales Gene Park and Wales Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, Wales, UK
| | - Zuzanna Sas
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Marta Vila Gonzalez
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Hannah Lawson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Jasmin Paris
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Katrin Schaak
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Chithra Subramani
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Deniz Gezer
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Alejandro Armesilla-Diaz
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Jimi Wills
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Aaron Easterbrook
- Mater Children's Private Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - David Coman
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, England, UK
| | - Donal O'Carroll
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Douglas Vernimmen
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, Wales, UK
| | - Patrick J Pollard
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew Finch
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
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94
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Ramos-Ibeas P, Barandalla M, Colleoni S, Lazzari G. Pyruvate antioxidant roles in human fibroblasts and embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:137-150. [PMID: 28247212 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been related to multiple diseases, especially during early embryonic development, when environmental alterations can lead to long-term deleterious effects. In vitro studies of oxidative stress have been mainly focused on somatic cells, but embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a promising model of early embryonic development as they are the in vitro equivalent to pluripotent cells in the embryo. Human fibroblasts and ESCs were exposed to different pro-oxidant agents (hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and rotenone) and antioxidants (sodium pyruvate, N-acetylcysteine, Trolox, and sodium selenite) during a 72 h oxidative stress treatment. Then, cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial activity, and gene expression were analyzed, focusing on the antioxidant effect of pyruvate. Pyruvate protected both somatic and pluripotent cells against different pro-oxidant agents, showing strong ROS scavenging capacity, protecting mitochondrial membrane potential, and regulating gene expression and cell metabolism through different mechanisms in fibroblasts and ESCs. In fibroblasts, pyruvate avoided NFKβ nuclear translocation and the upregulation of genes related to the oxidative stress response, while in ESCs pyruvate stimulated the expression of genes involved in anaerobic glycolysis. Fibroblasts and ESCs reacted in different ways to oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment, and pyruvate was the most complete antioxidant, protecting both cell types at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Barandalla
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Silvia Colleoni
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lazzari
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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95
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Dienel GA. Lack of appropriate stoichiometry: Strong evidence against an energetically important astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle in brain. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2103-2125. [PMID: 28151548 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-stimulated aerobic glycolysis in astrocytes coupled with lactate shuttling to neurons where it can be oxidized was proposed as a mechanism to couple excitatory neuronal activity with glucose utilization (CMRglc ) during brain activation. From the outset, this model was not viable because it did not fulfill critical stoichiometric requirements: (i) Calculated glycolytic rates and measured lactate release rates were discordant in cultured astrocytes. (ii) Lactate oxidation requires oxygen consumption, but the oxygen-glucose index (OGI, calculated as CMRO2 /CMRglc ) fell during activation in human brain, and the small rise in CMRO2 could not fully support oxidation of lactate produced by disproportionate increases in CMRglc . (iii) Labeled products of glucose metabolism are not retained in activated rat brain, indicating rapid release of a highly labeled, diffusible metabolite identified as lactate, thereby explaining the CMRglc -CMRO2 mismatch. Additional independent lines of evidence against lactate shuttling include the following: astrocytic oxidation of glutamate after its uptake can help "pay" for its uptake without stimulating glycolysis; blockade of glutamate receptors during activation in vivo prevents upregulation of metabolism and lactate release without impairing glutamate uptake; blockade of β-adrenergic receptors prevents the fall in OGI in activated human and rat brain while allowing glutamate uptake; and neurons upregulate glucose utilization in vivo and in vitro under many stimulatory conditions. Studies in immature cultured cells are not appropriate models for lactate shuttling in adult brain because of their incomplete development of metabolic capability and astrocyte-neuron interactions. Astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttling does not make large, metabolically significant contributions to energetics of brain activation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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96
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Zhou Y, Al-Saaidi RA, Fernandez-Guerra P, Freude KK, Olsen RKJ, Jensen UB, Gregersen N, Hyttel P, Bolund L, Aagaard L, Bross P, Luo Y. Mitochondrial Spare Respiratory Capacity Is Negatively Correlated with Nuclear Reprogramming Efficiency. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:166-176. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Paula Fernandez-Guerra
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kristine K. Freude
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Aagaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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97
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Nicholls DG. Brain mitochondrial calcium transport: Origins of the set-point concept and its application to physiology and pathology. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:5-12. [PMID: 28057556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transport of calcium across the inner mitochondrial membrane plays a key role in neuronal physiology and pathology. The kinetic responses of the uniporter and efflux pathways are such that a cytosolic free calcium 'set-point' can be established - above which there is net calcium accumulation into the matrix that is reversed when plasma membrane transport lowers cytosolic calcium. Pathological activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor mediated sodium and calcium entry into the neuron, as occurs in stroke and spreading depression, places severe demands on both the ATP-generating and calcium loading capacities of the neuronal mitochondria as the set-point is exceeded. Experiments that led to the concept of the set-point are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Nicholls
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Bld., Novato, CA 94945, United States.
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98
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Stauch KL, Villeneuve LM, Purnell PR, Ottemann BM, Emanuel K, Fox HS. Loss of Pink1 modulates synaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics in the rat striatum prior to motor symptoms: concomitant complex I respiratory defects and increased complex II-mediated respiration. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1205-1217. [PMID: 27568932 PMCID: PMC5810131 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1), a mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase, cause a recessive inherited form of Parkinson's disease (PD). Pink1 deletion in rats results in a progressive PD-like phenotype, characterized by significant motor deficits starting at 4 months of age. Despite the evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction, the pathogenic mechanism underlying disease due to Pink1-deficiency remains obscure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Striatal synaptic mitochondria from 3-month-old Pink1-deficient rats were characterized using bioenergetic and mass spectroscopy (MS)-based proteomic analyses. RESULTS Striatal synaptic mitochondria from Pink1-deficient rats exhibit decreased complex I-driven respiration and increased complex II-mediated respiration compared with wild-type rats. MS-based proteomics revealed 69 of the 811 quantified mitochondrial proteins were differentially expressed between Pink1-deficient rats and controls. Down-regulation of several electron carrier proteins, which shuttle electrons to reduce ubiquinone at complex III, in the Pink1-knockouts suggests disruption of the linkage between fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism and the mitochondrial respiratory system. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggest that complex II activity is increased to compensate for loss of electron transfer mechanisms due to reduced complex I activity and loss of electron carriers within striatal nerve terminals early during disease progression. This may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Stauch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lance M. Villeneuve
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Phillip R. Purnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brendan M. Ottemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katy Emanuel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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99
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Lee WH, Higuchi H, Ikeda S, Macke EL, Takimoto T, Pattnaik BR, Liu C, Chu LF, Siepka SM, Krentz KJ, Rubinstein CD, Kalejta RF, Thomson JA, Mullins RF, Takahashi JS, Pinto LH, Ikeda A. Mouse Tmem135 mutation reveals a mechanism involving mitochondrial dynamics that leads to age-dependent retinal pathologies. eLife 2016; 5:e19264. [PMID: 27863209 PMCID: PMC5117855 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While the aging process is central to the pathogenesis of age-dependent diseases, it is poorly understood at the molecular level. We identified a mouse mutant with accelerated aging in the retina as well as pathologies observed in age-dependent retinal diseases, suggesting that the responsible gene regulates retinal aging, and its impairment results in age-dependent disease. We determined that a mutation in the transmembrane 135 (Tmem135) is responsible for these phenotypes. We observed localization of TMEM135 on mitochondria, and imbalance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in mutant Tmem135 as well as Tmem135 overexpressing cells, indicating that TMEM135 is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Additionally, mutant retina showed higher sensitivity to oxidative stress. These results suggest that the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics through TMEM135 is critical for protection from environmental stress and controlling the progression of retinal aging. Our study identified TMEM135 as a critical link between aging and age-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Hitoshi Higuchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Sakae Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Erica L Macke
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Tetsuya Takimoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Bikash R Pattnaik
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Che Liu
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, United States
| | - Sandra M Siepka
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Kathleen J Krentz
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - C Dustin Rubinstein
- Translational Genomics Facility, Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Robert F Kalejta
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | | | - Robert F Mullins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Lawrence H Pinto
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
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100
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Case AJ, Roessner CT, Tian J, Zimmerman MC. Mitochondrial Superoxide Signaling Contributes to Norepinephrine-Mediated T-Lymphocyte Cytokine Profiles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164609. [PMID: 27727316 PMCID: PMC5058488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) produces multifaceted regulatory patterns in T-lymphocytes. Recently, we have shown that NE utilizes redox signaling as evidenced by increased superoxide (O2●-) causally linked to the observed changes in these cells; however, the source of this reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains elusive. Herein, we hypothesized that the source of increased O2●- in NE-stimulated T-lymphocytes is due to disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics. To address this hypothesis, we utilized purified mouse splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes stimulated with NE and assessed O2●- levels, mitochondrial metabolism, cellular proliferation, and cytokine profiles. We demonstrate that the increase in O2●- levels in response to NE is time-dependent and occurs at later points of T-lymphocyte activation. Moreover, the source of O2●- was indeed the mitochondria as evidenced by enhanced MitoSOX Red oxidation as well as abrogation of this signal by the addition of the mitochondrial-targeted O2●--scavenging antioxidant MitoTempol. NE-stimulated T-lymphocytes also demonstrated decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which suggests disruption of mitochondrial metabolism and the potential source of increased mitochondrial O2●-. The effects of NE in regards to redox signaling appear to be adrenergic receptor-dependent as specific receptor antagonists could reverse the increase in O2●-; however, differential receptors regulating these processes were observed in CD4+ versus CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Finally, mitochondrial O2●- was shown to be mechanistic to the NE-mediated T-lymphocyte phenotype as supplementation of MitoTempol could reverse specific changes in cytokine expression observed with NE treatment. Overall, these studies indicate that mitochondrial metabolism and O2●--mediated redox signaling play a regulatory role in the T-lymphocyte response to NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Colton T. Roessner
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Matthew C. Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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