51
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Xu G, Thielen LA, Chen J, Grayson TB, Grimes T, Bridges SL, Tse HM, Smith B, Patel R, Li P, Evans-Molina C, Ovalle F, Shalev A. Serum miR-204 is an early biomarker of type 1 diabetes-associated pancreatic beta-cell loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E723-E730. [PMID: 31408375 PMCID: PMC6842918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00122.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell death is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but straightforward methods to measure beta-cell loss in humans are lacking, underlining the need for novel biomarkers. Using studies in INS-1 cells, human islets, diabetic mice, and serum samples of subjects with T1D at different stages, we have identified serum miR-204 as an early biomarker of T1D-associated beta-cell loss in humans. MiR-204 is a highly enriched microRNA in human beta-cells, and we found that it is released from dying beta-cells and detectable in human serum. We further discovered that serum miR-204 was elevated in children and adults with T1D and in autoantibody-positive at-risk subjects but not in type 2 diabetes or other autoimmune diseases and was inversely correlated with remaining beta-cell function in recent-onset T1D. Thus, serum miR-204 may provide a much needed novel approach to assess early T1D-associated human beta-cell loss even before onset of overt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lance A Thielen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Truman B Grayson
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tiffany Grimes
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - S Louis Bridges
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Blair Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fernando Ovalle
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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52
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Syed I, Rubin de Celis MF, Mohan JF, Moraes-Vieira PM, Vijayakumar A, Nelson AT, Siegel D, Saghatelian A, Mathis D, Kahn BB. PAHSAs attenuate immune responses and promote β cell survival in autoimmune diabetic mice. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3717-3731. [PMID: 31380811 PMCID: PMC6715391 DOI: 10.1172/jci122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs) are endogenous antidiabetic and antiinflammatory lipids. Here, we show that PAHSAs protect against type 1 diabetes (T1D) and promote β cell survival and function. Daily oral PAHSA administration to nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice delayed the onset of T1D and markedly reduced the incidence of T1D, whether PAHSAs were started before or after insulitis was established. PAHSAs reduced T and B cell infiltration and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, while increasing Treg activation in pancreata of NOD mice. PAHSAs promoted β cell proliferation in both NOD mice and MIN6 cells and increased the number of β cells in NOD mice. PAHSAs attenuated cytokine-induced apoptotic and necrotic β cell death and increased β cell viability. The mechanism appears to involve a reduction of ER stress and MAPK signaling, since PAHSAs lowered ER stress in NOD mice, suppressed thapsigargin-induced PARP cleavage in human islets, and attenuated ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation in MIN6 cells. This appeared to be mediated in part by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and not the G protein-coupled receptor GPR40. PAHSAs also prevented impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance in NOD mice. Thus, PAHSAs delayed the onset of T1D and reduced its incidence by attenuating immune responses and exerting direct protective effects on β cell survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Syed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria F. Rubin de Celis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James F. Mohan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Archana Vijayakumar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T. Nelson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara B. Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Theories about the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) refer to the potential of primary islet inflammatory signaling as a trigger for the loss of self-tolerance leading to disease onset. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EV) may represent the missing link between inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we review the evidence for a role of EV in the pathogenesis of T1D, as well as discuss their potential value in the clinical sphere, as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. RECENT FINDINGS EV derived from β cells are enriched in diabetogenic autoantigens and miRNAs that are selectively sorted and packaged. These EV play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and cell to cell communication leading to activation of autoimmune responses. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests the potential of EV as novel tools in clinical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. In-depth analysis of EV cargo using modern multi-parametric technologies may be useful in enhancing our understanding of EV-mediated immune mechanisms and in identifying robust biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Negi
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Alissa K Rutman
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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54
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Sung B, Su Y, Jiang J, Mcleod P, Liu W, Haig A, Green DR, Zhang ZX, Jevnikar AM. Loss of receptor interacting protein kinases 3 and caspase-8 augments intrinsic apoptosis in tubular epithelial cell and promote kidney ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:661-669. [PMID: 30175514 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with programmed cell death that promotes inflammation and organ dysfunction. Necroptosis is mediated by members of receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK1/3). Inhibition of RIPK1/3 provides a pro-survival benefit in kidney IRI. Caspase-8 initiates apoptosis and contributes to IRI. We studied whether inhibiting both RIPK3 and caspase-8 would provide an additional benefit in kidney IRI. METHODS A clamp was applied to the left kidney pedicle for 45 min followed by right kidney nephrectomy. Kidney and serum from wild type, RIPK3-/- , and RIPK3-/- caspase-8-/- double knockout (DKO) mice were collected post-IRI for assessment of injury. Tubular epithelial cells (TEC) isolated from wild type, RIPK3-/- , and DKO mice were treated with interferons-γ and interleukin-1β to induce apoptotic death. RESULTS Kidney IRI of DKO mice did not show improvement over RIPK3-/- mice. We have found that DKO triggered 'intrinsic' apoptosis in TEC in response to interleukin-1β and interferons-γ. Up-regulation of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated death promoter, the Bcl-2-homologous antagonist killer and Bcl-2-associated X protein and enhanced activation of caspase-3 and 9 were found in DKO TEC. TEC infected with Murine cytomegalovirus that encodes multiple cell death inhibitors resist to death. CONCLUSION We show that the deletion of both RIPK3 and caspase-8 does not provide additive benefit in IRI or TEC death and may enhance injury by up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis. This suggests blocking multiple death pathways may be required for the prevention of kidney IRI clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baekjun Sung
- London Health Sciences Centre University Hospital, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London, Ontario, Canada.,Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ye Su
- London Health Sciences Centre University Hospital, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jifu Jiang
- London Health Sciences Centre University Hospital, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London, Ontario, Canada.,Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Mcleod
- London Health Sciences Centre University Hospital, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Haig
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhu-Xu Zhang
- London Health Sciences Centre University Hospital, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London, Ontario, Canada.,Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony M Jevnikar
- London Health Sciences Centre University Hospital, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, London, Ontario, Canada.,Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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55
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Elksnis A, Martinell M, Eriksson O, Espes D. Heterogeneity of Metabolic Defects in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relation to Reactive Oxygen Species and Alterations in Beta-Cell Mass. Front Physiol 2019; 10:107. [PMID: 30837889 PMCID: PMC6383038 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex and heterogeneous disease which affects millions of people worldwide. The classification of diabetes is at an interesting turning point and there have been several recent reports on sub-classification of T2D based on phenotypical and metabolic characteristics. An important, and perhaps so far underestimated, factor in the pathophysiology of T2D is the role of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). There are multiple pathways for excessive ROS formation in T2D and in addition, beta-cells have an inherent deficit in the capacity to cope with oxidative stress. ROS formation could be causal, but also contribute to a large number of the metabolic defects in T2D, including beta-cell dysfunction and loss. Currently, our knowledge on beta-cell mass is limited to autopsy studies and based on comparisons with healthy controls. The combined evidence suggests that beta-cell mass is unaltered at onset of T2D but that it declines progressively. In order to better understand the pathophysiology of T2D, to identify and evaluate novel treatments, there is a need for in vivo techniques able to quantify beta-cell mass. Positron emission tomography holds great potential for this purpose and can in addition map metabolic defects, including ROS activity, in specific tissue compartments. In this review, we highlight the different phenotypical features of T2D and how metabolic defects impact oxidative stress and ROS formation. In addition, we review the literature on alterations of beta-cell mass in T2D and discuss potential techniques to assess beta-cell mass and metabolic defects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Elksnis
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Martinell
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Espes
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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56
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Lee SJ, Kang HK, Choi YJ, Eum WS, Park J, Choi SY, Kwon HY. PEP-1-paraoxonase 1 fusion protein prevents cytokine-induced cell destruction and impaired insulin secretion in rat insulinoma cells. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30269741 PMCID: PMC6235087 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell destruction and dysfunction induced by cytokines is a major cause of type 1 diabetes. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an arylesterase with antioxidant activity, has been shown to play an important role in preventing the development of diabetes in transgenic mice. However, no studies have examined the anti-diabetic effect of PON1 delivered to beta cells using protein transduction. In this study, we expressed the cell-permeable PON1 fused with PEP-1 protein transduction domain (PEP-1-PON1) to investigate whether transduced PEP-1-PON1 protects beta cells against cytokine-induced cytotoxicity. PEP-1-PON1 was effectively delivered to INS-1 cells and prevented cytokine-induced cell destruction in a dose-dependent manner. Transduced PEP-1-PON1 significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), DNA fragmentation, and expression of inflammatory mediators, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, and apoptosis-related proteins in cytokine-treated cells. Moreover, transduced PEP-1-PON1 restored the decrease in basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion induced by cytokines. These data indicate that PEP-1-PON1 protects beta cells from cytokine-induced cytotoxicity by alleviating oxidative/nitrosative stress, ER stress, and inflammation. Thus, PEP-1-mediated PON1 transduction might be an effective method to reduce the extent of destruction and dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells in autoimmune diabetes. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(10): 539-544].
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyung Kyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyeok Yil Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Wang K, Liu C, Hou Y, Zhou H, Wang X, Mai K, He G. Differential Apoptotic and Mitogenic Effects of Lectins in Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:356. [PMID: 31231312 PMCID: PMC6560201 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lectins represent a major group of anti-nutritional factors that can be toxic to human and animals. However, the mechanisms by which lectins regulate cell fates are not well-understood. In the present study, the cellular and molecular impacts of three common lectins, agglutinins from wheat germ [wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)], soybean [soybean agglutinin (SBA)], and peanut [peanut agglutinin (PNA)] were examined in zebrafish embryo and liver cells. WGA and SBA were found to induce cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, while PNA stimulated cell proliferation. WGA and SBA reduced levels of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphorylation of Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb). WGA and SBA also inhibited the activities of cell survival pathways including protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2), and target of rapamycin (Tor). Furthermore, WGA and SBA shifted the cellular metabolism characterized by reduced expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) and increased expression of glutamine synthetase (glul) and glutamate dehydrogenase (glud). However, PNA showed the opposite effects toward these molecular markers compared to those of WGA and SBA. Therefore, our results revealed some plant lectins (WGA and SBA) were toxic while the other (PNA) was mitogenic. Further characterization of the distinct functions of individual lectins should be valuable for both nutrition and other potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Gen He
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58
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Farnsworth NL, Walter R, Piscopio RA, Schleicher WE, Benninger RKP. Exendin-4 overcomes cytokine-induced decreases in gap junction coupling via protein kinase A and Epac2 in mouse and human islets. J Physiol 2019; 597:431-447. [PMID: 30412665 PMCID: PMC6332825 DOI: 10.1113/jp276106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The pancreatic islets of Langerhans maintain glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion, where insulin secretion dynamics are regulated by intracellular Ca2+ signalling and electrical coupling of the insulin producing β-cells in the islet. We have previously shown that cytokines decrease β-cell coupling and that compounds which increase cAMP can increase coupling. In both mouse and human islets exendin-4, which increases cAMP, protected against cytokine-induced decreases in coupling and in mouse islets preserved glucose-stimulated calcium signalling by increasing connexin36 gap junction levels on the plasma membrane. Our data indicate that protein kinase A regulates β-cell coupling through a fast mechanism, such as channel gating or membrane organization, while Epac2 regulates slower mechanisms of regulation, such as gap junction turnover. Increases in β-cell coupling with exendin-4 may protect against cytokine-mediated β-cell death as well as preserve insulin secretion dynamics during the development of diabetes. ABSTRACT The pancreatic islets of Langerhans maintain glucose homeostasis. Insulin secretion from islet β-cells is driven by glucose metabolism, depolarization of the cell membrane and an influx of calcium, which initiates the release of insulin. Gap junctions composed of connexin36 (Cx36) electrically couple β-cells, regulating calcium signalling and insulin secretion dynamics. Cx36 coupling is decreased in pre-diabetic mice, suggesting a role for altered coupling in diabetes. Our previous work has shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines decrease Cx36 coupling and that compounds which increase cAMP can increase Cx36 coupling. The goal of this study was to determine if exendin-4, which increases cAMP, can protect against cytokine-induced decreases in Cx36 coupling and altered islet function. In both mouse and human islets, exendin-4 protected against cytokine-induced decreases in coupling and preserved glucose-stimulated calcium signalling. Exendin-4 also protected against protein kinase Cδ-mediated decreases in Cx36 coupling. Exendin-4 preserved coupling in mouse islets by preserving Cx36 levels on the plasma membrane. Exendin-4 regulated Cx36 coupling via both protein kinase A (PKA)- and Epac2-mediated mechanisms in cytokine-treated islets. In mouse islets, modulating Epac2 had a greater impact in mediating Cx36 coupling, while in human islets modulating PKA had a greater impact on Cx36 coupling. Our data indicate that PKA regulates Cx36 coupling through a fast mechanism, such as channel gating, while Epac2 regulates slower mechanisms of regulation, such as Cx36 turnover in the membrane. Increases in Cx36 coupling with exendin-4 may protect against cytokine-mediated β-cell dysfunction to insulin secretion dynamics during the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L. Farnsworth
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Rachelle Walter
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Robert A. Piscopio
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Wolfgang E. Schleicher
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Richard K. P. Benninger
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
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59
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Khamchan A, Paseephol T, Hanchang W. Protective effect of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry) against streptozotocin-induced pancreatic ß-cell damage in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:634-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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60
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Chen J, Stimpson SE, Fernandez-Bueno GA, Mathews CE. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Type 1 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1361-1372. [PMID: 29295631 PMCID: PMC6166689 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The complex etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the outcome of failures in regulating immunity in combination with beta cell perturbations. Mitochondrial dysfunction in beta cells and immune cells may be involved in T1D pathogenesis. Mitochondrial energy production is essential for the major task of beta cells (the secretion of insulin in response to glucose). Mitochondria are a major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Under immune attack, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) participate in beta cell damage. Similarly, T cell fate during immune responses is tightly regulated by mitochondrial physiology, morphology, and metabolism. Production of mtROS is essential for signaling in antigen-specific T cell activation. Mitochondrial dysfunction in T cells has been noted as a feature of some human autoimmune diseases. Recent Advances: Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction in beta cells sensitizes these cells to immune-mediated destruction via direct or indirect mechanisms. Sensitivity of beta cells to mtROS is associated with genetic T1D risk loci in human and the T1D-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Mitochondrial dysfunction and altered metabolism have also been observed in immune cells of NOD mice and patients with T1D. This immune cell mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to deleterious functional changes. CRITICAL ISSUES It remains unclear how mitochondria control T cell receptor signaling and downstream events, including calcium flux and activation of transcription factors during autoimmunity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mechanistic studies are needed to investigate the mitochondrial pathways involved in autoimmunity, including T1D. These studies should seek to identify the role of mitochondria in regulating innate and adaptive immune cell activity and beta cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott E Stimpson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gabriel A Fernandez-Bueno
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
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MicroRNAs and histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated protection against inflammatory β-cell damage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203713. [PMID: 30260972 PMCID: PMC6160007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory β-cell failure contributes to type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines cause β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis, and lysine deacetylase inhibitors (KDACi) prevent β-cell failure in vitro and in vivo, in part by reducing NF-κB transcriptional activity. We investigated the hypothesis that the protective effect of KDACi involves transcriptional regulation of microRNAs (miRs), potential new targets in diabetes treatment. Insulin-producing INS1 cells were cultured with or without the broad-spectrum KDACi Givinostat, prior to exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ for 6 h or 24 h, and miR expression was profiled with miR array. Thirteen miRs (miR-7a-2-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-96-5p, miR-101a-3p, miR-140-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-340-5p, miR-384-5p, miR-455-5p, miR-466b-2-3p, miR-652-5p, and miR-3584-5p) were regulated by both cytokines and Givinostat, and nine were examined by qRT-PCR. miR-146a-5p was strongly regulated by cytokines and KDACi and was analyzed further. miR-146a-5p expression was induced by cytokines in rat and human islets. Cytokine-induced miR-146a-5p expression was specific for INS1 and β-TC3 cells, whereas α-TC1 cells exhibited a higher basal expression. Transfection of INS1 cells with miR-146a-5p reduced cytokine signaling, including the activity of NF-κB and iNOS promoters, as well as NO production and protein levels of iNOS and its own direct targets TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1). miR-146a-5p was elevated in the pancreas of diabetes-prone BB-DP rats at diabetes onset, suggesting that miR-146a-5p could play a role in type 1 diabetes development. The miR array of cytokine-exposed INS1 cells rescued by KDACi revealed several other miRs potentially involved in cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis, demonstrating the strength of this approach.
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Miani M, Elvira B, Gurzov EN. Sweet Killing in Obesity and Diabetes: The Metabolic Role of the BH3-only Protein BIM. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3041-3050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ecker A, Ledur PC, da Silva RS, Leal DBR, Rodrigues OED, Ardisson-Araújo D, Waczuk EP, da Rocha JBT, Barbosa NV. Chalcogenozidovudine Derivatives With Antitumor Activity: Comparative Toxicities in Cultured Human Mononuclear Cells. Toxicol Sci 2018; 160:30-46. [PMID: 29036705 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering a novel series of zidovudine (AZT) derivatives encompassing selenoaryl moieties promising candidates as therapeutics, we examined the toxicities elicited by AZT and derivatives 5'-(4-Chlorophenylseleno)zidovudine (SZ1); 5'-(Phenylseleno)zidovudine (SZ2); and 5'-(4-Methylphenylseleno)zidovudine (SZ3) in healthy cells and in mice. Resting and stimulated cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with the compounds at concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 µM for 24 and/or 72 h. Adult mice received a single injection of compounds (100 µmol/kg, s.c.) and 72 h after administration, hepatic/renal biomarkers were analyzed. Resting and stimulated PBMCs exposed to SZ1 displayed loss of viability, increased reactive species production, disruption in cell cycle, apoptosis and increased transcript levels and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In a mild way, most of these effects were also induced by SZ2. AZT and SZ3 did not cause significant toxicity towards resting PBMCs. Differently, both compounds elicited apoptosis and S phase arrest in stimulated cells. AZT and derivatives administration did not change the body weight and plasma biochemical markers in mice. However, the absolute weight and organ-to-body weight ratio of liver, kidneys and spleen were altered in AZT, SZ1-, and SZ2-treated mice. Our results highlighted the involvement of derivatives SZ1 and SZ2 in redox and immunological dyshomeostasis leading to activation of apoptotic signaling pathways in healthy cells under different division phases. On the other hand, the derivative SZ3 emerged as a promising candidate for further viral infection/antitumor studies as a new effective therapy with low toxicity for immune cells and after acute in vivo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assis Ecker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Rafael S da Silva
- LabSelen-NanoBio - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Oscar E D Rodrigues
- LabSelen-NanoBio - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ardisson-Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Emily Pansera Waczuk
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário - Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Shih YL, Hung FM, Lee CH, Yeh MY, Lee MH, Lu HF, Chen YL, Liu JY, Chung JG. Fisetin Induces Apoptosis of HSC3 Human Oral Cancer Cells Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysfunction of Mitochondria-mediated Signaling Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:1103-1114. [PMID: 29102932 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Oral cancer has been reported to be one of the major cancer-related diseases in human populations and the treatment of oral cancer is still unsatisfied. Fisetin, is a flavonoid from plants and has several biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer function, but its cytotoxicity in human oral cancer cells is unknown. In the present study, we investigated fisetin-induced cytotoxic effects on HSC3 human oral cancer cells in vitro. Materials and Methods/Results: We used flow cytometric assay to show fisetin induced apoptotic cell death through increased reactive oxygen species and Ca2+, but reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities in HSC3 cells. Furthermore, we also used 4' 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining to show that fisetin induced chromatin condensation (apoptotic cell death), and Comet assay to show that fisetin induced DNA damage in HSC3 cells. Western blotting was used to examine the levels of apoptotic-associated protein and results indicated that fisetin increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL2-associated X (BAX) but reduced that of anti-apoptotic protein such as BCL2 and BCL-x, and increased the cleaved forms of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (ENDO G) in HSC3 cells. Confocal microscopy showed that fisetin increased the release of cytochrome c, AIF and ENDO G from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Based on these observations, we suggest that fisetin induces apoptotic cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress- and mitochondria-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fang-Ming Hung
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-You Liu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Jung K, Miyazaki A, Hu H, Saif LJ. Susceptibility of porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells to infection with porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and serum cytokine responses of gnotobiotic pigs to acute infection with IPEC-J2 cell culture-passaged PDCoV. Vet Microbiol 2018; 221:49-58. [PMID: 29981708 PMCID: PMC7117386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IPEC-J2 cells were susceptible to porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) infection. PDCoV antigen was detected in the IPEC-J2 cells showing viral cytopathic effects (CPE). Most CPE- and PDCoV antigen-positive IPEC-J2 cells failed to show TUNEL-positive (apoptosis) signals. IPEC-J2 cell culture-passaged PDCoV induced systemic innate and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in gnotobiotic pigs. IPEC-J2 cells may be useful to characterize the interactions of enterocytes with PDCoV.
The porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2, is useful to characterize the interactions of enterocytes with enteric viruses in vitro. We investigated whether IPEC-J2 cells are susceptible to porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) infection. We conducted quantification of infectious virus or viral RNA, immunofluorescent (IF) staining for the detection of PDCoV antigens, and TUNEL assay in IPEC-J2 cells inoculated with the strain OH-FD22-P8 grown in LLC-PK cells, and supplemented with 10 μg/ml of trypsin in the cell culture medium. Cytopathic effects (CPE) that consisted of enlarged and rounded cells followed by cell shrinkage and detachment, were identified by the 3rd viral passage in the IPEC-J2 cells. PDCoV antigen was detected in the cells showing CPE. By double IF and TUNEL staining, most PDCoV antigen-positive IPEC-J2 cells failed to show TUNEL-positive signals, indicating that PDCoV-infected IPEC-J2 cells may not undergo apoptosis, but rather necrosis, similar to necrotic cell death of infected enterocytes in vivo. There was increased interleukin-6 in PDCoV-infected IPEC-J2 cell culture supernatants at post-inoculation hour (PIH) 48–96, as evaluated by ELISA, concurrent with increased titers of PDCoV at PIH 24–72. The susceptibility of IPEC-J2 cells to PDCoV infection supports their usefulness to characterize the interactions of enterocytes with PDCoV. We also demonstrated that IPEC-J2 cell culture-passaged PDCoV (OH-FD22-P8-I-P4) was enteropathogenic in 10-day-old gnotobiotic pigs, and induced systemic innate and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses during the acute PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwonil Jung
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Ayako Miyazaki
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA; Division of Virology and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hui Hu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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66
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Wang Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Chen J, Hu X, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Wu G, Dai Z, Xu Y. Sall2 knockdown exacerbates palmitic acid induced dysfunction and apoptosis of pancreatic NIT-1 beta cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:375-382. [PMID: 29783189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spalt-like (Sall) proteins are a class of transcription factors. The role of Sall2 in beta cells remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to explore whether Sall2 involved in lipotoxicity-mediated dysfunction and apoptosis in pancreatic NIT-1 beta cells. Our results showed that high concentrations of palmitic acid (PA) led to impaired cell viability and decreased Sall2 expression in NIT-1 cells. Knocking down of Sall2 in NIT-1 cells resulted in increased sensitivity to lipotoxicity and caused higher rates of cell apoptosis following PA treatment. Additionally, Sall2 Knockdown impaired insulin synthesis and secretion in response to glucose. Further research indicated Sall2 knockdown attenuate antioxidant capacity and decreased expression level of Peroxiredoxin 2 in NIT-1 cells. These finding implicate that Sall2 may play a significant role in NIT-1 cell function and cell apoptosis under lipotoxic conditions. Therefore, the study of Sall2 in NIT-1 cells provided a new perspective for molecular mechanism of lipotoxicity mediating dysfunction and apoptosis of beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006,China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Integrated Wards, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yimeng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Guijun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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Abadpour S, Halvorsen B, Sahraoui A, Korsgren O, Aukrust P, Scholz H. Interleukin-22 reverses human islet dysfunction and apoptosis triggered by hyperglycemia and LIGHT. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:171-183. [PMID: 29330151 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 has recently been suggested as an anti-inflammatory cytokine that could protect the islet cells from inflammation- and glucose-induced toxicity. We have previously shown that the tumor necrosis factor family member, LIGHT, can impair human islet function at least partly via pro-apoptotic effects. Herein, we aimed to investigate the protective role of IL-22 on human islets exposed to the combination of hyperglycemia and LIGHT. First, we found upregulation of LIGHT receptors (LTβR and HVEM) in engrafted human islets exposed to hyperglycemia (>11 mM) for 17 days post transplantation by using a double islet transplantation mouse model as well as in human islets cultured with high glucose (HG) (20 mM glucose) + LIGHT in vitro, and this latter effect was attenuated by IL-22. The effect of HG + LIGHT impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reversed by IL-22. The harmful effect of HG + LIGHT on human islet function seemed to involve enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress evidenced by upregulation of p-IRE1α and BiP, elevated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1) and the pro-coagulant mediator tissue factor (TF) release and apoptosis in human islets, whereas all these effects were at least partly reversed by IL-22. Our findings suggest that IL-22 could counteract the harmful effects of LIGHT/hyperglycemia on human islet cells and potentially support the strong protective effect of IL-22 on impaired islet function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Abadpour
- Section for Transplant SurgeryOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical ResearchOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Afaf Sahraoui
- Section for Transplant SurgeryOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical ResearchOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of ImmunologyGenetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious DiseasesOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Section for Transplant SurgeryOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Surgical ResearchOslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Cho YJ, Lee SH, Park JW, Han M, Park MJ, Han SJ. Dysfunctional signaling underlying endometriosis: current state of knowledge. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R97-R113. [PMID: 29330150 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It affects approximately 5-10% of women of reproductive age. Endometriosis is associated with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and, often, severe pelvic pain. In addition to pain, women with endometriosis often experience infertility. Defining the molecular etiology of endometriosis is a significant challenge for improving the quality of women's lives. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of endometriosis is not well understood. Here, we summarize the potential causative factors of endometriosis in the following three categories: (1) dysregulation of immune cells in the peritoneal fluid and endometriotic lesions; (2) alteration of apoptotic signaling in retrograde menstrual tissue and cytotoxic T cells involved in endometriosis progression and (3) dysregulation of oxidative stress. Determining the molecular etiology of these dysregulated cellular signaling pathways should provide crucial clues for understanding initiation and progression of endometriosis. Moreover, improved understanding should suggest new molecular therapeutic targets that could improve the specificity of endometriosis treatments and reduce the side effects associated with current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jean Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungseok Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sang Jun Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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69
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Miao X, Gu Z, Liu Y, Jin M, Lu Y, Gong Y, Li L, Li C. The glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide promotes autophagy through the modulation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase in INS-1 β-cells under high glucose conditions. Peptides 2018; 100:127-139. [PMID: 28712893 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes and has been proven to protect pancreatic β-cells from glucotoxicity; however, its mechanisms of action are not entirely understood. Autophagy is a dynamic lysosomal degradation process that can protect organisms against metabolic stress. Studies have shown that autophagy plays a protective role in the survival of pancreatic β-cells under high glucose conditions. In the present study, we explored the role of autophagy in GLP-1-induced protection of pancreatic β-cells exposed to high glucose. We demonstrated that the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide increased autophagy in rat INS-1 β-cells, and inhibition of autophagy abated the anti-apoptosis effect of liraglutide under high glucose conditions. Our results also showed that activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduced liraglutide-induced autophagy enhancement and inhibited liraglutide-induced protection of INS-1 β-cells from high glucose. These data suggest that GLP-1 may protect β-cells from glucotoxicity through promoting autophagy by the modulation of AMPK. Deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms linking autophagy and GLP-1-induced β-cell protection may reveal novel therapeutic targets to preserve β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Miao
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Gu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
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Chunchai T, Thunapong W, Yasom S, Wanchai K, Eaimworawuthikul S, Metzler G, Lungkaphin A, Pongchaidecha A, Sirilun S, Chaiyasut C, Pratchayasakul W, Thiennimitr P, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Decreased microglial activation through gut-brain axis by prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics effectively restored cognitive function in obese-insulin resistant rats. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:11. [PMID: 29316965 PMCID: PMC5761137 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption caused not only obese-insulin resistance, but also cognitive decline and microglial hyperactivity. Modified gut microbiota by prebiotics and probiotics improved obese-insulin resistance. However, the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on cognition and microglial activity in an obese-insulin resistant condition have not yet been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of prebiotic (Xyloolidosaccharide), probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei HII01), or synbiotics in male obese-insulin resistant rats induced by a HFD. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or a HFD for 12 weeks. At week 13, the rats in each dietary group were randomly divided into four subgroups including vehicle group, prebiotics group, probiotics group, and synbiotics group. Rats received their assigned intervention for an additional 12 weeks. At the end of experimental protocol, the cognitive functioning of each rat was investigated; blood and brain samples were collected to determine metabolic parameters and investigate brain pathology. RESULTS We found that chronic HFD consumption leads to gut and systemic inflammation and impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity, which were improved by all treatments. Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics also improved hippocampal plasticity and attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction in HFD-fed rats. Interestingly, hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly decreased in HFD-fed rats with all therapies, which also decreased microglial activation, leading to restored cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that consumption of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics restored cognition in obese-insulin resistant subjects through gut-brain axis, leading to improved hippocampal plasticity, brain mitochondrial function, and decreased microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wannipa Thunapong
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakawdaurn Yasom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Keerati Wanchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sathima Eaimworawuthikul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Gabrielle Metzler
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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71
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Impaired mitochondrial calcium uptake caused by tacrolimus underlies beta-cell failure. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:47. [PMID: 29132395 PMCID: PMC5684747 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most common side effects of the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus (FK506) is the increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association have not been fully clarified. METHODS We studied the effects of the therapeutic dose of tacrolimus on mitochondrial fitness in beta-cells. RESULTS We demonstrate that tacrolimus impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in beta-cells through a previously unidentified mechanism. Indeed, tacrolimus causes a decrease in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, accompanied by altered mitochondrial respiration and reduced ATP production, eventually leading to impaired GSIS. CONCLUSION Our observations individuate a new fundamental mechanism responsible for the augmented incidence of diabetes following tacrolimus treatment. Indeed, this drug alters Ca2+ fluxes in mitochondria, thereby compromising metabolism-secretion coupling in beta-cells.
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72
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Novelli M, Beffy P, Gregorelli A, Porozov S, Mascia F, Vantaggiato C, Masiello P, Menegazzi M. Persistence of STAT-1 inhibition and induction of cytokine resistance in pancreatic β cells treated with St John's wort and its component hyperforin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 71:93-103. [PMID: 28990659 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES St John's wort extract (SJW) and its component hyperforin (HPF) were shown to potently inhibit cytokine-induced STAT-1 and NF-κB activation in pancreatic β cells and protect them against injury. This study aimed at exploring the time course of STAT-1 inhibition afforded by these natural compounds in the β-cell line INS-1E. METHODS INS-1E cells were pre-incubated with SJW extract (2-5 μg/ml) or HPF (0.5-2 μm) and then exposed to a cytokine mixture. In some experiments, these compounds were added after or removed before cytokine exposure. STAT-1 activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, apoptosis by caspase-3 activity assay, mRNA gene expression by RT-qPCR. KEY FINDINGS Pre-incubation with SJW/HPF for 1-2 h exerted a remarkable STAT-1 downregulation, which was maintained upon removal of the compounds before early or delayed cytokine addition. When the protective compounds were added after cell exposure to cytokines, between 15 and 90 min, STAT-1 inhibition also occurred at a progressively decreasing extent. Upon 24-h incubation, SJW and HPF counteracted cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction, apoptosis and target gene expression. CONCLUSIONS SJW and HPF confer to β cells a state of 'cytokine resistance', which can be elicited both before and after cytokine exposure and safeguards these cells from deleterious cytokine effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alex Gregorelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Svetlana Porozov
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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73
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Chou HY, Chueh FS, Ma YS, Wu RSC, Liao CL, Chu YL, Fan MJ, Huang WW, Chung JG. Bufalin induced apoptosis in SCC‑4 human tongue cancer cells by decreasing Bcl‑2 and increasing Bax expression via the mitochondria‑dependent pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7959-7966. [PMID: 28983595 PMCID: PMC5779878 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of bufalin on SCC-4 human tongue cancer cells. Cell morphological changes and viability were examined using phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The results indicated that bufalin induced morphological changes and reduced total viable cells. Apoptotic cell death was analyzed by DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis; the results revealed that bufalin induced cell apoptosis. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured by flow cytometry, and bufalin was observed to increase Ca2+ and NO production, decrease the ΔΨm and reduce ROS production in SCC-4 cells. In addition, western blotting was performed to detect apoptosis-associated protein expression. The results demonstrated that bufalin reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2-associated X protein. However, bufalin treatment also increased the expression of other apoptosis-associated proteins such as apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G in SCC-4 cells. Based on these findings, bufalin may induce apoptotic cell death via mitochondria-dependent pathways in human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post‑Baccalaureate, I‑Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Lung Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post‑Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- Department of Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Jen Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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74
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Li F, Munsey TS, Sivaprasadarao A. TRPM2-mediated rise in mitochondrial Zn 2+ promotes palmitate-induced mitochondrial fission and pancreatic β-cell death in rodents. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1999-2012. [PMID: 28753206 PMCID: PMC5686341 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rise in plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) represents a major risk factor for obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. Saturated FFAs cause a progressive decline in insulin secretion by promoting pancreatic β-cell death through increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies have demonstrated that palmitate (a C16-FFA)-induced rise in ROS causes β-cell death by triggering mitochondrial fragmentation, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using the INS1-832/13 β-cell line, here we demonstrate that palmitate generates the ROS required for mitochondrial fission by activating NOX (NADPH oxidase)-2. More importantly, we show that chemical inhibition, RNAi-mediated silencing and knockout of ROS-sensitive TRPM (transient receptor potential melastatin)-2 channels prevent palmitate-induced mitochondrial fission. Although TRPM2 activation affects the intracellular dynamics of Ca2+ and Zn2+, chelation of Zn2+ alone was sufficient to prevent mitochondrial fission. Consistent with the role of Zn2+, palmitate caused a rise in mitochondrial Zn2+, leading to Zn2+-dependent mitochondrial recruitment of Drp-1 (a protein that catalyses mitochondrial fission) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In agreement with the previous reports, Ca2+ caused Drp-1 recruitment, but it failed to induce mitochondrial fission in the absence of Zn2+. These results indicate a novel role for Zn2+ in mitochondrial dynamics. Inhibition or knockout of TRPM2 channels in mouse islets and RNAi-mediated silencing of TRPM2 expression in human islets prevented FFA/cytokine-induced β-cell death, findings that are consistent with the role of abnormal mitochondrial fission in cell death. To conclude, our results reveal a novel, potentially druggable signalling pathway for FFA-induced β-cell death. The cascade involves NOX-2-dependent production of ROS, activation of TRPM2 channels, rise in mitochondrial Zn2+, Drp-1 recruitment and abnormal mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tim S Munsey
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Asipu Sivaprasadarao
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.,Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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75
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Chemaly ER, Troncone L, Lebeche D. SERCA control of cell death and survival. Cell Calcium 2017; 69:46-61. [PMID: 28747251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a critical coordinator of various aspects of cellular physiology. It is increasingly apparent that changes in cellular Ca2+ dynamics contribute to the regulation of normal and pathological signal transduction that controls cell growth and survival. Aberrant perturbations in Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in a range of pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, tumorigenesis and steatosis hepatitis. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are therefore tightly regulated by a number of Ca2+ handling enzymes, proteins, channels and transporters located in the plasma membrane and in Ca2+ storage organelles, which work in concert to fine tune a temporally and spatially precise Ca2+ signal. Chief amongst them is the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA) which actively re-accumulates released Ca2+ back into the SR/ER, therefore maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. There are at least 14 different SERCA isoforms encoded by three ATP2A1-3 genes whose expressions are species- and tissue-specific. Altered SERCA expression and activity results in cellular malignancy and induction of ER stress and ER stress-associated apoptosis. The role of SERCA misregulation in the control of apoptosis in various cell types and disease setting with prospective therapeutic implications is the focus of this review. Ca2+ is a double edge sword for both life as well as death, and current experimental evidence supports a model in which Ca2+ homeostasis and SERCA activity represent a nodal point that controls cell survival. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of this axis constitutes an incredible therapeutic potential to treat different diseases sharing similar biological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie R Chemaly
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luca Troncone
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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76
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Demirtas L, Guclu A, Erdur FM, Akbas EM, Ozcicek A, Onk D, Turkmen K. Apoptosis, autophagy & endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes mellitus. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:515-524. [PMID: 28256459 PMCID: PMC5345297 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing secondary to increased consumption of food and decreased physical activity worldwide. Hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and hypertrophy of pancreatic beta cells occur in the early phase of diabetes. However, with the progression of diabetes, dysfunction and loss of beta cells occur in both types 1 and 2 DM. Programmed cell death also named apoptosis is found to be associated with diabetes, and apoptosis of beta cells might be the main mechanism of relative insulin deficiency in DM. Autophagic cell death and apoptosis are not entirely distinct programmed cell death mechanisms and share many of the regulator proteins. These processes can occur in both physiologic and pathologic conditions including DM. Besides these two important pathways, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) also acts as a cell sensor to monitor and maintain cellular homeostasis. ER stress has been found to be associated with autophagy and apoptosis. This review was aimed to describe the interactions between apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress pathways in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Demirtas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aydin Guclu
- Division of Nephrology, Kırsehir Training and Research Hospital, Kırsehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Erdur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emin Murat Akbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Adalet Ozcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Didem Onk
- Department of Reanimation & Anesthesiology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Kultigin Turkmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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77
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Garcia-Contreras M, Tamayo-Garcia A, Pappan KL, Michelotti GA, Stabler CL, Ricordi C, Buchwald P. Metabolomics Study of the Effects of Inflammation, Hypoxia, and High Glucose on Isolated Human Pancreatic Islets. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2294-2306. [PMID: 28452488 PMCID: PMC5557342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The transplantation of human pancreatic islets is a therapeutic possibility for a subset of type 1 diabetic patients who experience severe hypoglycemia. Pre- and post-transplantation loss in islet viability and function, however, is a major efficacy-limiting impediment. To investigate the effects of inflammation and hypoxia, the main obstacles hampering the survival and function of isolated, cultured, and transplanted islets, we conducted a comprehensive metabolomics evaluation of human islets in parallel with dynamic glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIR) perifusion studies for functional evaluation. Metabolomics profiling of media and cell samples identified a total of 241 and 361 biochemicals, respectively. Metabolites that were altered in highly significant manner in both included, for example, kynurenine, kynurenate, citrulline, and mannitol/sorbitol under inflammation (all elevated) plus lactate (elevated) and N-formylmethionine (depressed) for hypoxia. Dynamic GSIR experiments, which capture both first- and second-phase insulin release, found severely depressed insulin-secretion under hypoxia, whereas elevated baseline and stimulated insulin-secretion was measured for islet exposed to the inflammatory cytokine cocktail (IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). Because of the uniquely large changes observed in kynurenine and kynurenate, they might serve as potential biomarkers of islet inflammation, and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase on the corresponding pathway could be a worthwhile therapeutic target to dampen inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcia-Contreras
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Ri.Med, Palermo, Italy
- Catholyc University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cherie L. Stabler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Ri.Med, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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78
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Lee CH, Shih YL, Lee MH, Au MK, Chen YL, Lu HF, Chung JG. Bufalin Induces Apoptosis of Human Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Caspase- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030437. [PMID: 28287444 PMCID: PMC6155407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is one of the cancer-related diseases, and there are increased numbers of patients with bone cancer worldwide. Therefore the efficacy of treatment of bone cancer is considered extremely vital. Bufalin has been showed to have biological activities including anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact associated mechanisms for bufalin induced apoptosis in human bone cancer cells are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bufalin on the cytotoxic effects in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. For examining apoptotic cell deaths, we used flow cytometry assay, Annexin V/PI double staining, and TUNNEL assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities were measured by flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, western blotting and a confocal laser microscopy examination were used for measuring the alterations of apoptotic associated protein expression and translocation, respectively. The results indicated that bufalin induced cell morphological changes, decreased the viable cell number, induced apoptotic cell death, and increased the apoptotic cell number, and affected apoptotic associated protein expression in U-2 OS cells. Bufalin increased apoptotic proteins such as Bak, and decreased anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-x in U-2 OS cells. Furthermore, bufalin increased the protein levels of cytochrome c (Cyto c), AIF (Apoptosis inducing factor) and Endo G (Endonuclease G) in cytoplasm that were also confirmed by confocal microscopy examination. Based on those findings, bufalin induced apoptotic cell death in U-2 OS cells may be via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caspase-, and mitochondria-dependent pathways; thus, we may suggest that bufalin could be used as an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma in the future, and further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli Country 356, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Kuan Au
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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79
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Sogut I, Uysal O, Oglakci A, Yucel F, Kartkaya K, Kanbak G. Prenatal alcohol-induced neuroapoptosis in rat brain cerebral cortex: protective effect of folic acid and betaine. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:407-417. [PMID: 28062893 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol consumption in pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the infant. This study aims to investigate prenatal alcohol exposure related neuroapoptosis on the cerebral cortex tissues of newborn rats and possible neuroprotective effects of betaine, folic acid, and combined therapy. METHODS Pregnant rats were divided into five experimental groups: control, ethanol, ethanol + betaine, ethanol + folic acid, and ethanol + betaine + folic acid combined therapy groups. We measured cytochrome c release, caspase-3, calpain and cathepsin B and L. enzyme activities. In order to observe apoptotic cells in the early stages, TUNEL method was chosen together with histologic methods such as assessing the diameters of the apoptotic cells, their distribution in unit volume and volume proportion of cortical intact neuron nuclei. RESULTS Calpain, caspase-3 activities, and cytochrome c levels were significantly increased in alcohol group while cathepsin B and L. activities were also found to be elevated albeit not statistically significant. These increases were significantly reversed by folic acid and betaine + folic acid treatments. While ethanol increased the number of apoptotic cells, this increase was prevented in ethanol + betaine and ethanol + betaine + folic acid groups. Morphometric examination showed that the mean diameter of apoptotic cells was increased with ethanol administration while this increase was reduced by betaine and betaine + folic acid treatments. CONCLUSION We observed that ethanol is capable of triggering apoptotic cell death in the newborn rat brains. Furthermore, folic acid, betaine, and combined therapy of these supplements may reduce neuroapoptosis related to prenatal alcohol consumption, and might be effective on preventing fetal alcohol syndrome in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sogut
- Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul Bilim University, Yazarlar Sok. No:17, 34394, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onur Uysal
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Oglakci
- Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Yucel
- Medical School, Department of Anatomy, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kazim Kartkaya
- Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
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80
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Cheng CW, Villani V, Buono R, Wei M, Kumar S, Yilmaz OH, Cohen P, Sneddon JB, Perin L, Longo VD. Fasting-Mimicking Diet Promotes Ngn3-Driven β-Cell Regeneration to Reverse Diabetes. Cell 2017; 168:775-788.e12. [PMID: 28235195 PMCID: PMC5357144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies can potentially reverse organ dysfunction and diseases, but the removal of impaired tissue and activation of a program leading to organ regeneration pose major challenges. In mice, a 4-day fasting mimicking diet (FMD) induces a stepwise expression of Sox17 and Pdx-1, followed by Ngn3-driven generation of insulin-producing β cells, resembling that observed during pancreatic development. FMD cycles restore insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in both type 2 and type 1 diabetes mouse models. In human type 1 diabetes pancreatic islets, fasting conditions reduce PKA and mTOR activity and induce Sox2 and Ngn3 expression and insulin production. The effects of the FMD are reversed by IGF-1 treatment and recapitulated by PKA and mTOR inhibition. These results indicate that a FMD promotes the reprogramming of pancreatic cells to restore insulin generation in islets from T1D patients and reverse both T1D and T2D phenotypes in mouse models. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Cheng
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Koch Institute at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Roberta Buono
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.
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Bisphenol A Is More Potent than Phthalate Metabolites in Reducing Pancreatic β-Cell Function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4614379. [PMID: 28286763 PMCID: PMC5327753 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4614379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are common environmental contaminants that have been proposed to influence incidence and development of types 1 and 2 diabetes. Thus, effects of BPA and three phthalate metabolites (monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)) were studied in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1E, after 2–72 h of exposure to 5–500 μM. Three endpoints relevant to accelerated development of types 1 or 2 diabetes were investigated: β-cell viability, glucose-induced insulin secretion, and β-cell susceptibility to cytokine-induced cell death. BPA and the phthalate metabolites reduced cellular viability after 72 h of exposure, with BPA as the most potent chemical. Moreover, BPA, MEHP, and MnBP increased insulin secretion after 2 h of simultaneous exposure to chemicals and glucose, with potency BPA > MEHP > MnBP. Longer chemical exposures (24–72 h) showed no consistent effects on glucose-induced insulin secretion, and none of the environmental chemicals affected susceptibility to cytokine-induced cell death. Overall, BPA was more potent than the investigated phthalate metabolites in affecting insulin secretion and viability in the INS-1E pancreatic β-cells. In contrast to recent literature, concentrations with relevance to human exposures (1–500 nM) did not affect the investigated endpoints, suggesting that this experimental model displayed relatively low sensitivity to environmental chemical exposure.
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82
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Inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease: the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 49:837-844. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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83
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St. John’s wort extract and hyperforin inhibit multiple phosphorylation steps of cytokine signaling and prevent inflammatory and apoptotic gene induction in pancreatic β cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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84
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Epigenetics in type 1 diabetes: TNFa gene promoter methylation status in Chilean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1861-1868. [PMID: 27890035 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. The TNFa gene is subject of epigenetic regulation in which folate and homocysteine are important molecules because they participate in the methionine cycle where the most important methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine) is formed. We investigated whether TNFa gene promoter methylation status in T1D patients was related to blood folate, homocysteine and TNF-α in a transversal case-control study. We studied T1D patients (n 25, mean=13·7 years) and healthy control subjects (n 25, mean=31·1 years), without T1D and/or other autoimmune diseases or direct family history of these diseases. A blood sample was obtained for determination of serum folate, plasma homocysteine and TNF-α concentrations. Whole blood was used for the extraction of DNA to determine the percentage of methylation by real-time PCR and melting-curve analysis. Results are expressed as means and standard deviations for parametric variables and as median (interquartile range) for non-parametric variables. T1D patients showed a higher TNFa gene promoter methylation (39·2 (sd 19·5) %) when compared with control subjects (25·4 (sd 13·7) %) (P=0·008). TNFa gene promoter methylation was positively associated only with homocysteine levels in T1D patients (r 0·55, P=0·007), but not in control subjects (r -0·122, P=0·872). To our knowledge, this is the first work that reports the methylation status of the TNFa gene promoter and its relationship with homocysteine metabolism in Chilean T1D patients without disease complications.
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85
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Klee P, Bosco D, Guérardel A, Somm E, Toulotte A, Maechler P, Schwitzgebel VM. Activation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Decreases Apoptosis in Human and Female Murine Pancreatic Islets. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3800-3808. [PMID: 27471776 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) results from destruction of most insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. The persistence of β-cells decades after the onset of the disease indicates that the resistance of individual cells to the autoimmune insult is heterogeneous and might depend on the metabolic status of a cell at a given moment. The aim of this study is to investigate whether activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nACh-Rs) could increase β-cell resistance against the adverse environment prevailing at the onset of T1DM. Here, we show that nACh-R activation by nicotine and choline, 2 agonists of the receptor, decreases murine and human β-cell apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines known to be present in the islet environment at the onset of T1DM. The protective mechanism activated by nicotine and choline involves attenuation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization via modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, of the activity of B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins and cytoplasmic calcium levels. Local inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress being key determinants of β-cell death in T1DM, we conclude that pharmacological activation of nACh-R could represent a valuable therapeutic option in the modulation of β-cell death in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Klee
- Service of Development and Growth (P.K., A.G., E.S., A.T., V.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva and Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center (D.B.), Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism (P.M.), Geneva University Medical Center, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Service of Development and Growth (P.K., A.G., E.S., A.T., V.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva and Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center (D.B.), Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism (P.M.), Geneva University Medical Center, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Guérardel
- Service of Development and Growth (P.K., A.G., E.S., A.T., V.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva and Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center (D.B.), Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism (P.M.), Geneva University Medical Center, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Development and Growth (P.K., A.G., E.S., A.T., V.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva and Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center (D.B.), Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism (P.M.), Geneva University Medical Center, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Toulotte
- Service of Development and Growth (P.K., A.G., E.S., A.T., V.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva and Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center (D.B.), Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism (P.M.), Geneva University Medical Center, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Service of Development and Growth (P.K., A.G., E.S., A.T., V.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva and Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center (D.B.), Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism (P.M.), Geneva University Medical Center, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie M Schwitzgebel
- Service of Development and Growth (P.K., A.G., E.S., A.T., V.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva and Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center (D.B.), Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism (P.M.), Geneva University Medical Center, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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86
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Green AD, Vasu S, Moffett RC, Flatt PR. Co-culture of clonal beta cells with GLP-1 and glucagon-secreting cell line impacts on beta cell insulin secretion, proliferation and susceptibility to cytotoxins. Biochimie 2016; 125:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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87
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Cooley-Andrade O, Goh W, Connor D, Ma D, Parsi K. Detergent Sclerosants Stimulate Leukocyte Apoptosis and Oncosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 51:846-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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88
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Zheng QY, Cao ZH, Hu XB, Li GQ, Dong SF, Xu GL, Zhang KQ. LIGHT/IFN-γ triggers β cells apoptosis via NF-κB/Bcl2-dependent mitochondrial pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1861-71. [PMID: 27241100 PMCID: PMC5020636 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LIGHT recruits and activates naive T cells in the islets at the onset of diabetes. IFN‐γ secreted by activated T lymphocytes is involved in beta cell apoptosis. However, whether LIGHT sensitizes IFNγ‐induced beta cells destruction remains unclear. In this study, we used the murine beta cell line MIN6 and primary islet cells as models for investigating the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in LIGHT/IFNγ – induced pancreatic beta cell destruction. LIGHT and IFN‐γ synergistically reduced MIN6 and primary islet cells viability; decreased cell viability was due to apoptosis, as demonstrated by a significant increase in Annexin V+ cell percentage, detected by flow cytometry. In addition to marked increases in cytochrome c release and NF‐κB activation, the combination of LIGHT and IFN‐γ caused an obvious decrease in expression of the anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL, but an increase in expression of the pro‐apoptotic proteins Bak and Bax in MIN6 cells. Accordingly, LIGHT deficiency led to a decrease in NF‐κB activation and Bak expression, and peri‐insulitis in non‐obese diabetes mice. Inhibition of NF‐κB activation with the specific NF‐κB inhibitor, PDTC (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate), reversed Bcl‐xL down‐regulation and Bax up‐regulation, and led to a significant increase in LIGHT‐ and IFN‐γ‐treated cell viability. Moreover, cleaved caspase‐9, ‐3, and PARP (poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase) were observed after LIGHT and IFN‐γ treatment. Pretreatment with caspase inhibitors remarkably attenuated LIGHT‐ and IFNγ‐induced cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that LIGHT signalling pathway combined with IFN‐γ induces beta cells apoptosis via an NF‐κB/Bcl2‐dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-You Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Hu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmacy and Biosciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Gui-Qing Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Fang Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Lian Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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89
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Berchtold LA, Prause M, Størling J, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Cytokines and Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis. Adv Clin Chem 2016; 75:99-158. [PMID: 27346618 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery 30 years ago that inflammatory cytokines cause a concentration, activity, and time-dependent bimodal response in pancreatic β-cell function and viability has been a game-changer in the fields of research directed at understanding inflammatory regulation of β-cell function and survival and the causes of β-cell failure and destruction in diabetes. Having until then been confined to the use of pathophysiologically irrelevant β-cell toxic chemicals as a model of β-cell death, researchers could now mimic endocrine and paracrine effects of the cytokine response in vitro by titrating concentrations in the low to the high picomolar-femtomolar range and vary exposure time for up to 14-16h to reproduce the acute regulatory effects of systemic inflammation on β-cell secretory responses, with a shift to inhibition at high picomolar concentrations or more than 16h of exposure to illustrate adverse effects of local, chronic islet inflammation. Since then, numerous studies have clarified how these bimodal responses depend on discrete signaling pathways. Most interest has been devoted to the proapoptotic response dependent upon mainly nuclear factor κ B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, leading to gene expressional changes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and triggering of mitochondrial dysfunction. Preclinical studies have shown preventive effects of cytokine antagonism in animal models of diabetes, and clinical trials demonstrating proof of concept are emerging. The full clinical potential of anticytokine therapies has yet to be shown by testing the incremental effects of appropriate dosing, timing, and combinations of treatments. Due to the considerable translational importance of enhancing the precision, specificity, and safety of antiinflammatory treatments of diabetes, we review here the cellular, preclinical, and clinical evidence of which of the death pathways recently proposed in the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012 Recommendations are activated by inflammatory cytokines in the pancreatic β-cell to guide the identification of antidiabetic targets. Although there are still scarce human data, the cellular and preclinical studies point to the caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway as the prime effector of inflammatory β-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Prause
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Størling
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Beta Cell Biology Group, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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90
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Frumence E, Roche M, Krejbich-Trotot P, El-Kalamouni C, Nativel B, Rondeau P, Missé D, Gadea G, Viranaicken W, Desprès P. The South Pacific epidemic strain of Zika virus replicates efficiently in human epithelial A549 cells leading to IFN-β production and apoptosis induction. Virology 2016; 493:217-26. [PMID: 27060565 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus since the first epidemics in South Pacific in 2007. The recent finding that ZIKV is now circulating in Western Hemisphere and can be associated to severe human diseases, warrants the need for its study. Here we evaluate the susceptibility of human lung epithelial A549 cells to South Pacific epidemic strain of ZIKV isolated in 2013. We showed that ZIKV growth in A549 cells is greatly efficient. ZIKV infection resulted in the secretion of IFN-β followed by the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, and transcriptional activity of IFIT genes. At the maximum of virus progeny production, ZIKV triggers mitochondrial apoptosis through activation of caspases-3 and -9. Whereas at early infection times, the rapid release of IFN-β which exerts an antiviral effect against ZIKV might delay apoptosis in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Frumence
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249. Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Marjolaine Roche
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249. Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249. Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Chaker El-Kalamouni
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249. Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Brice Nativel
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DeTROI), INSERM U1188, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DeTROI), INSERM U1188, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC, UMR 224 IRD/CNRS/UM, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249. Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249. Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France.
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de la Réunion, UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249. Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, France.
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91
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The investigation of the prenatal and postnatal alcohol exposure-induced neurodegeneration in rat brain: protection by betaine and/or omega-3. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:467-74. [PMID: 26732065 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aim to study the effect of neurodegeneration on the brain of rat pups caused by prenatal and postnatal ethanol exposure with modified liquid diet to elucidate protective effects of betaine and omega-3 supplementation. When ethanol is consumed during prenatal and postnatal periods, it may result in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the offspring. METHODS Rats were divided into control, ethanol, ethanol + betaine, ethanol + omega-3, ethanol + omega-3 + betaine groups. The effect of betaine and omega-3 in response to ethanol-induced changes on the brain, by biochemical analyses cytochrome c, caspase-3, calpain, cathepsin B and L, DNA fragmentation, histological and morfometric methods were evaluated. RESULTS Caspase-3, calpain, cathepsin B, and cytochrome c levels in ethanol group were significantly higher than control. Caspase-3, calpain levels were decreased in ethanol + betaine, ethanol + omega-3, and ethanol + omega-3 + betaine groups compared to ethanol group. Cathepsin B in ethanol + omega-3 + betaine group was decreased compared to ethanol, ethanol + betaine groups. Cathepsin L and DNA fragmentation were found not statistically significant. We found similar results in histological and morfometric parameters. CONCLUSION We found that pre- and postnatal ethanol exposure is capable of triggering necrotic cell death in rat brains, omega-3, and betaine reduce neurodegeneration. Omega-3 and betaine may prove beneficial for neurodegeneration, particularly in preventing FAS.
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92
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Hong K, Xu G, Grayson TB, Shalev A. Cytokines Regulate β-Cell Thioredoxin-interacting Protein (TXNIP) via Distinct Mechanisms and Pathways. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8428-39. [PMID: 26858253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a key regulator of diabetic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction, and TXNIP inhibition prevents diabetes in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although we have previously shown that TXNIP is strongly induced by glucose, any regulation by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFNγ) has remained largely unexplored. Moreover, even though this three-cytokine mixture is widely used to mimic type 1 diabetes in vitro, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Interestingly, we have now found that this cytokine mixture increases β-cell TXNIP expression; however, although TNFα had no effect, IL-1β surprisingly down-regulated TXNIP transcription, whereas IFNγ increased TXNIP levels in INS-1 β-cells and primary islets. Human TXNIP promoter analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the IL-1β effect was mediated by inhibition of carbohydrate response element binding protein activity. In contrast, IFNγ increased pro-apoptotic TXNIP post-transcriptionally via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and suppression of miR-17, a microRNA that targets and down-regulates TXNIP. In fact, miR-17 knockdown was able to mimic the IFNγ effects on TXNIP, whereas miR-17 overexpression blunted the cytokine effect. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time that the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ each have distinct and in part opposing effects on β-cell TXNIP expression. These findings thereby provide new mechanistic insight into the regulation of TXNIP and β-cell biology and reveal novel links between proinflammatory cytokines, carbohydrate response element binding protein-mediated transcription, and microRNA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Hong
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Guanlan Xu
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Truman B Grayson
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Anath Shalev
- From the Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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93
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Santin I, Dos Santos RS, Eizirik DL. Pancreatic Beta Cell Survival and Signaling Pathways: Effects of Type 1 Diabetes-Associated Genetic Variants. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1433:21-54. [PMID: 26936771 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease in which pancreatic beta cells are specifically destroyed by the immune system. The disease has an important genetic component and more than 50 loci across the genome have been associated with risk of developing T1D. The molecular mechanisms by which these putative T1D candidate genes modulate disease risk, however, remain poorly characterized and little is known about their effects in pancreatic beta cells. Functional studies in in vitro models of pancreatic beta cells, based on techniques to inhibit or overexpress T1D candidate genes, allow the functional characterization of several T1D candidate genes. This requires a multistage procedure comprising two major steps, namely accurate selection of genes of potential interest and then in vitro and/or in vivo mechanistic approaches to characterize their role in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and death in T1D. This chapter details the methods and settings used by our groups to characterize the role of T1D candidate genes on pancreatic beta cell survival and signaling pathways, with particular focus on potentially relevant pathways in the pathogenesis of T1D, i.e., inflammation and innate immune responses, apoptosis, beta cell metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izortze Santin
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, Spain.
| | - Reinaldo S Dos Santos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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94
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Prause M, Mayer CM, Brorsson C, Frederiksen KS, Billestrup N, Størling J, Mandrup-Poulsen T. JNK1 Deficient Insulin-Producing Cells Are Protected against Interleukin-1β-Induced Apoptosis Associated with Abrogated Myc Expression. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1312705. [PMID: 26962537 PMCID: PMC4745310 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1312705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative contributions of the JNK subtypes in inflammatory β-cell failure and apoptosis are unclear. The JNK protein family consists of JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 subtypes, encompassing many different isoforms. INS-1 cells express JNK1α1, JNK1α2, JNK1β1, JNK1β2, JNK2α1, JNK2α2, JNK3α1, and JNK3α2 mRNA isoform transcripts translating into 46 and 54 kDa isoform JNK proteins. Utilizing Lentiviral mediated expression of shRNAs against JNK1, JNK2, or JNK3 in insulin-producing INS-1 cells, we investigated the role of individual JNK subtypes in IL-1β-induced β-cell apoptosis. JNK1 knockdown prevented IL-1β-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis associated with decreased 46 kDa isoform JNK protein phosphorylation and attenuated Myc expression. Transient knockdown of Myc also prevented IL-1β-induced apoptosis as well as caspase 3 cleavage. JNK2 shRNA potentiated IL-1β-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 cleavage, whereas JNK3 shRNA did not affect IL-1β-induced β-cell death compared to nonsense shRNA expressing INS-1 cells. In conclusion, JNK1 mediates INS-1 cell death associated with increased Myc expression. These findings underline the importance of differentiated targeting of JNK subtypes in the development of inflammatory β-cell failure and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Prause
- Immuno-Endocrinology Lab, Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- *Michala Prause:
| | | | - Caroline Brorsson
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Billestrup
- Section of Cellular and Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Joachim Størling
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Immuno-Endocrinology Lab, Endocrinology Research Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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95
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Brocca A, Virzì GM, Pasqualin C, Pastori S, Marcante S, de Cal M, Ronco C. Cardiorenal syndrome type 5: in vitro cytotoxicity effects on renal tubular cells and inflammatory profile. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:469461. [PMID: 26266085 PMCID: PMC4525149 DOI: 10.1155/2015/469461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 5 (CRS Type 5) reflects concomitant cardiac and renal dysfunctions in the setting of a wide spectrum of systemic disorders. Our aim was to study in vitro effects of CRS Type 5 plasma on renal tubular cells (RTCs), in terms of cellular death and the characterization of inflammatory plasma profile in these patients. Material and Methods. We enrolled 11 CRS Type 5 patients from ICU and 16 healthy controls. Plasma from patients and controls was incubated with renal tubular cells (RTCs) and cell death was evaluated. Plasma cytokines were detected. Results. RTCs incubated with CRS Type 5 plasma showed significantly higher apoptosis and necrosis with respect to controls. Plasma cytokine profile of CRS Type 5 patients was significantly different from controls: we observed the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in these patients. Caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were activated in cells treated with CRS Type 5 plasma compared to controls. Conclusions. Our results underline the cytotoxic effect of CRS Type 5 mediators on RTC viability, probably due to the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis and to the deregulation of cytokine release. The consequence may be the damage of distant organs which lead to the worsening of condition of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Brocca
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova Medical School, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Virzì
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Pasqualin
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Pastori
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Marcante
- Intensive Care Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Massimo de Cal
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Via Rodolfi 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
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96
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Lee SJ, Kang HK, Song DK, Eum WS, Park J, Choi SY, Kwon HY. Transduction of PEP-1-heme oxygenase-1 into insulin-producing INS-1 cells protects them against cytokine-induced cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:549-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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97
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Bae UJ, Song MY, Jang HY, Lim JM, Lee SY, Ryu JH, Park BH. Emodin isolated from Rheum palmatum prevents cytokine-induced β-cell damage and the development of type 1 diabetes. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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98
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Cao ZH, Zheng QY, Li GQ, Hu XB, Feng SL, Xu GL, Zhang KQ. STAT1-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression is involved in IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced apoptosis in NIT-1 cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120921. [PMID: 25811609 PMCID: PMC4374929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ are the major pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in beta-cell destruction. The fate of islet beta-cells in the cytokine-induced intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is determined by the interaction between members of the Bcl-2 family. However, the mechanism through which beta-cell apoptosis is regulated remains unclear. In this study, we treated the murine beta-cell line NIT-1 with TNF-α and IFN-γ and then investigated the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) and expression of the members of the Bcl-2 family in this apoptotic pathway. Results showed that TNF-α and IFN-γ synergistically reduced NIT-1 cell viability. In addition, the decrease in cell growth was due to apoptosis as shown by apoptotic body formation, detected by confocal laser microscope, and a significant increase in Annexin-Vup+ cell percentage, detected by flow cytometry. Combination treatment with TNF-α and IFN-γ caused a remarkable increase in the release of cytochrome c, and in the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, as well as, an obvious enhancement in STAT-1 phosphorylation; the treatment, however, resulted in the down-regulation in Bcl-2 expression. The enhancement in STAT-1 activity and a down-regulation in Bcl-2 expression was also observed in MIN6 cells, another murine beta-cell derived line, after cells exposure to the combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ treatment. Knockdown of STAT-1 gene expression by siRNA or inhibition of STAT-1 activation with fludarabine reversed Bcl-2 down-expression and led to a significant decrease in apoptosis in TNF-α- and IFN-γ-treated NIT-1 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that STAT1-mediated down-regulation of Bcl-2 is involved in NIT-1 cell apoptosis induced by combination treatment with TNF-α and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-hui Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Quan-you Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Gui-qing Li
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-bo Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shao-long Feng
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Gui-lian Xu
- Department of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- * E-mail: (GLX); (KQZ)
| | - Ke-qin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- * E-mail: (GLX); (KQZ)
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99
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Diaz-Ganete A, Baena-Nieto G, Lomas-Romero IM, Lopez-Acosta JF, Cozar-Castellano I, Medina F, Segundo C, Lechuga-Sancho AM. Ghrelin's Effects on Proinflammatory Cytokine Mediated Apoptosis and Their Impact on β-Cell Functionality. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:235727. [PMID: 26257781 PMCID: PMC4519548 DOI: 10.1155/2015/235727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptidic hormone, which stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in several tissues, including pancreas. In preclinical stage of type 1 diabetes, proinflammatory cytokines generate a destructive environment for β-cells known as insulitis, which results in loss of β-cell mass and impaired insulin secretion, leading to diabetes. Our aim was to demonstrate that ghrelin could preserve β-cell viability, turnover rate, and insulin secretion acting as a counter balance of cytokines. In the present work we reproduced proinflammatory milieu found in insulitis stage by treating murine cell line INS-1E and rat islets with a cytokine cocktail including IL-1β, IFNγ, and TNFα and/or ghrelin. Several proteins involved in survival pathways (ERK 1/2 and Akt/PKB) and apoptosis (caspases and Bcl-2 protein family and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers) as well as insulin secretion were analyzed. Our results show that ghrelin alone has no remarkable effects on β-cells in basal conditions, but interestingly it activates cell survival pathways, downregulates apoptotic mediators and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and restores insulin secretion in response to glucose when beta-cells are cytokine-exposed. These data suggest a potential role of ghrelin in preventing or slowing down the transition from a preclinical to clinically established diabetes by ameliorating the effects of insulitis on β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Baena-Nieto
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Jerez de la Frontera General Hospital, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Isabel M. Lomas-Romero
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Andalusian Cellular Reprogramming Laboratory, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Lopez-Acosta
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Institute, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Cozar-Castellano
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Institute, University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Medina
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Salus Infirmorum Faculty of Nursing, Cadiz University, 11001 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Segundo
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Salus Infirmorum Faculty of Nursing, Cadiz University, 11001 Cadiz, Spain
- *Carmen Segundo: and
| | - Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho
- Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Department of Maternal and Pediatric Medicine and Radiology, Pediatrics Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- *Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho:
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100
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Takahashi T, Iwai-Shimada M, Syakushi Y, Kim MS, Hwang GW, Miura N, Naganuma A. Methylmercury induces expression of interleukin-1β and interleukin-19 in mice brains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2131/fts.2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yukina Syakushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Gi-Wook Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Nobuhiko Miura
- Division of Health Effects Research, Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
| | - Akira Naganuma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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