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Wu WC, Lee WJ, Lee TH, Chen SC, Chen CY. Do different bariatric surgical procedures influence plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -7, and -9 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? World J Diabetes 2020; 11:252-260. [PMID: 32547699 PMCID: PMC7284017 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i6.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is an efficient strategy for body weight and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. Abnormal lipid deposition in visceral organs, especially the pancreas and liver, might cause beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling allows adipose expansion, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play essential roles in ECM construction. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are the substrates of MMP-7. Different studies have reported that MMP-2, -7, and -9 increase in patients with obesity and metabolic syndromes or T2DM and are considered biomarkers in obesity and hyperglycemia patients. AIM To prospectively investigate whether MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 differ after two bariatric surgeries: Gastric bypass (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). METHODS We performed GB in 23 and SG in 19 obese patients with T2DM. We measured body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-peptide, homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance, and MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 levels at baseline and at 3, 12, and 24 mo post-operation. RESULTS Twenty-three patients aged 44.7 ± 9.7 years underwent GB, and 19 patients aged 40.1 ± 9.1 years underwent SG. In the GB group, BMI decreased from 30.3 ± 3.4 to 24.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2, HbA1c decreased from 9.2% ± 1.5% to 6.7% ± 1.4%, and FBS decreased from 171.6 ± 65.0 mg/dL to 117.7 ± 37.5 mg/dL 2 years post-operation (P < 0.001). However, the MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 levels pre- and post-GB were similar even 2 years post-operation (P = 0.107, 0.258, and 0.466, respectively). The SG group revealed similar results: BMI decreased from 36.2 ± 5.1 to 26.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2, HbA1c decreased from 7.9% ± 1.7% to 5.8% ± 0.6%, and FBS decreased from 138.3 ± 55.6 mg/dL to 95.1 ± 3.1 mg/dL (P < 0.001). The serum MMP-2, -7, and -9 levels pre- and post-SG were not different (P = 0.083, 0.869, and 0.1, respectively). CONCLUSION Improvements in obesity and T2DM induced by bariatric surgery might be the result of MMP-2, -7, or -9 independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Wu
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jei Lee
- Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
- Taiwan Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-His Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Guishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Implications of Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113845. [PMID: 32481704 PMCID: PMC7312063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a scaffold for cells, controlling biological processes and providing structural as well as mechanical support to surrounding cells. Disruption of ECM homeostasis results in several pathological conditions. Skeletal muscle ECM is a complex network comprising collagens, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and elastin. Recent therapeutic approaches targeting ECM remodeling have been extensively deliberated. Various ECM components are typically found to be augmented in the skeletal muscle of obese and/or diabetic humans. Skeletal muscle ECM remodeling is thought to be a feature of the pathogenic milieu allied with metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and eventual diabetes. This narrative review explores the current understanding of key components of skeletal muscle ECM and their specific roles in the regulation of metabolic diseases. Additionally, we discuss muscle-specific integrins and their role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. A better understanding of the importance of skeletal muscle ECM remodeling, integrin signaling, and other factors that regulate insulin activity may help in the development of novel therapeutics for managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
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Vesentini G, Barbosa AMP, Damasceno DC, Marini G, Piculo F, Matheus SMM, Hallur RLS, Nunes SK, Catinelli BB, Magalhães CG, Costa R, Abbade JF, Corrente JE, Calderon IMP, Rudge MVC. Alterations in the structural characteristics of rectus abdominis muscles caused by diabetes and pregnancy: A comparative study of the rat model and women. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231096. [PMID: 32243473 PMCID: PMC7122752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the present study, we compared the effect of diabetic pregnancy on the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) in humans and rats. We hypothesized that our animal model could provide valuable information about alterations in the RAM of women with Gestational Diabetes (GDM). METHOD Newborns female rats (n = 10/group) were administered streptozotocin (100 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously and were mated on reaching adulthood, to develop the mild hyperglycemic pregnant (MHP) rat model. At the end of pregnancy, the mothers were sacrificed, and the RAM tissue was collected. Pregnant women without GDM (non-GDM group; n = 10) and those diagnosed with GDM (GDM group; n = 8) and undergoing treatment were recruited, and RAM samples were obtained at C-section. The RAM architecture and the distribution of the fast and slow fibers and collagen were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in the maternal and fetal characters were observed between the groups in both rats and women. However, significant changes in RAM architecture were observed. Diabetes in pregnancy increased the abundance of slow fibers and decreased fast fiber number and area in both rats and women. A decrease in collagen distribution was observed in GDM women; however, a similar change was not observed in the MHP rats. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that pregnancy- associated diabetes- induced similar structural adaptations in the RAM of women and rats with slight alterations in fiber type number and area. These findings suggest that the MHP rat model can be used for studying the effects of pregnancy-associated diabetes on the fiber structure of RAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Vesentini
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica M. P. Barbosa
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Philosophy and Sciences, Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora C. Damasceno
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Marini
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Sagrado Coração, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Piculo
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma M. M. Matheus
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raghavendra L. S. Hallur
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sthefanie K. Nunes
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna B. Catinelli
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia G. Magalhães
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Costa
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joelcio F. Abbade
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E. Corrente
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biostatistics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bioscience Institute, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iracema M. P. Calderon
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilza V. C. Rudge
- Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, University Hospital, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Whole Body Irradiation Induces Diabetes and Adipose Insulin Resistance in Nonhuman Primates. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 106:878-886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Influence of the integrin alpha-1 subunit and its relationship with high-fat diet upon extracellular matrix synthesis in skeletal muscle and tendon. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:177-187. [PMID: 32112256 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are important for mechanosensation in tissue and play, together with nutrition, a role in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle and tendon. Integrin receptors are dimers that consist of an α and β subunit and bridge extracellular and intracellular signals. The present study investigates whether the deletion of the integrin receptor α1 subunit influences collagen and other matrix proteins in the musculotendinous tissue and whether it causes any compensatory changes in other integrin subunits in C57BL/6J mice. In addition, we study whether a high-fat diet (HFD) influences these responses in muscle or tendon. Mice on a HFD had a higher number of non-enzymatic cross-links in skeletal muscle ECM and increased gene expression of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins. In contrast to gene expression, total collagen protein content was decreased by HFD in the muscle with no change in tendon. Integrin α1 subunit knockout resulted in a decrease of collagen type I and III, TGF-β1 and IGF-1 gene expression in muscle of HFD mice but did not affect total collagen protein compared with wild-type (WT) littermates in either muscle or tendon. There was no compensatory increase in the genes that express other integrin subunits. In conclusion, HFD induced a significant increase in expression of ECM genes in muscle. On the protein level, HFD resulted in a lower collagen content in muscle. Tendons were unaffected by the diet. Deletion of the integrin α1 subunit did not affect collagen protein or gene expression in muscle or tendon.
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D’Souza K, Mercer A, Mawhinney H, Pulinilkunnil T, Udenigwe CC, Kienesberger PC. Whey Peptides Stimulate Differentiation and Lipid Metabolism in Adipocytes and Ameliorate Lipotoxicity-Induced Insulin Resistance in Muscle Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020425. [PMID: 32041341 PMCID: PMC7071342 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of lipid metabolism and insulin function in muscle and adipose tissue are hallmarks of systemic insulin resistance, which can progress to type 2 diabetes. While previous studies suggested that milk proteins influence systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin function, it remains unclear whether bioactive peptides generated from whey alter lipid metabolism and its accumulation in muscle and adipose tissue. Therefore, we incubated murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C2C12 myotubes with a whey peptide mixture produced through pepsin-pancreatin digestion, mimicking peptides generated in the gut from whey protein hydrolysis, and examined its effect on indicators of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Whey peptides, particularly those derived from bovine serum albumin (BSA), promoted 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation in accordance with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) upregulation. Whey/BSA peptides also increased lipolysis and mitochondrial fat oxidation in adipocytes, which was associated with the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). In C2C12 myotubes, whey but not BSA peptides ameliorated palmitate-induced insulin resistance, which was associated with reduced inflammation and diacylglycerol accumulation, and increased sequestration of fatty acids in the TG pool. Taken together, our study suggests that whey peptides generated via pepsin-pancreatin digestion profoundly alter lipid metabolism and accumulation in adipocytes and skeletal myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D’Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5 Canada (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Angella Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5 Canada (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Hannah Mawhinney
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5 Canada (A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Petra C. Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5 Canada (A.M.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-506-636-6971
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Williams IM, McClatchey PM, Bracy DP, Bonner JS, Valenzuela FA, Wasserman DH. Transendothelial Insulin Transport is Impaired in Skeletal Muscle Capillaries of Obese Male Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:303-314. [PMID: 31903723 PMCID: PMC6980999 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The continuous endothelium of skeletal muscle (SkM) capillaries regulates insulin's access to skeletal myocytes. Whether impaired transendothelial insulin transport (EIT) contributes to SkM insulin resistance (IR), however, is unknown. METHODS Male and female C57/Bl6 mice were fed either chow or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Intravital microscopy was used to measure EIT in SkM capillaries, electron microscopy to assess endothelial ultrastructure, and glucose tracers to measure indices of glucose metabolism. RESULTS Diet-induced obesity (DIO) male mice were found to have a ~15% reduction in EIT compared with lean mice. Impaired EIT was associated with a 45% reduction in endothelial vesicles. Despite impaired EIT, hyperinsulinemia sustained delivery of insulin to the interstitial space in DIO male mice. Even with sustained interstitial insulin delivery, DIO male mice still showed SkM IR indicating severe myocellular IR in this model. Interestingly, there was no difference in EIT, endothelial ultrastructure, or SkM insulin sensitivity between lean female mice and female mice fed a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in male mice, obesity results in ultrastructural alterations to the capillary endothelium that delay EIT. Nonetheless, the myocyte appears to exceed the endothelium as a contributor to SkM IR in DIO male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - P Mason McClatchey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Hasib A, Hennayake CK, Bracy DP, Bugler-Lamb AR, Lantier L, Khan F, Ashford MLJ, McCrimmon RJ, Wasserman DH, Kang L. CD44 contributes to hyaluronan-mediated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E973-E983. [PMID: 31550181 PMCID: PMC6957377 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix hyaluronan is increased in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed insulin-resistant mice, and reduction of hyaluronan by PEGPH20 hyaluronidase ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance (IR). CD44, the main hyaluronan receptor, is positively correlated with type 2 diabetes. This study determines the role of CD44 in skeletal muscle IR. Global CD44-deficient (cd44-/-) mice and wild-type littermates (cd44+/+) were fed a chow diet or 60% high-fat diet for 16 wk. High-fat-fed cd44-/- mice were also treated with PEGPH20 to evaluate its CD44-dependent action. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (ICv). High-fat feeding increased muscle CD44 protein expression. In the absence of differences in body weight and composition, despite lower clamp insulin during ICv, the cd44-/- mice had sustained glucose infusion rate (GIR) regardless of diet. High-fat diet-induced muscle IR as evidenced by decreased muscle glucose uptake (Rg) was exhibited in cd44+/+ mice but absent in cd44-/- mice. Moreover, gastrocnemius Rg remained unchanged between genotypes on chow diet but was increased in high-fat-fed cd44-/- compared with cd44+/+ when normalized to clamp insulin concentrations. Ameliorated muscle IR in high-fat-fed cd44-/- mice was associated with increased vascularization. In contrast to previously observed increases in wild-type mice, PEGPH20 treatment in high-fat-fed cd44-/- mice did not change GIR or muscle Rg during ICv, suggesting a CD44-dependent action. In conclusion, genetic CD44 deletion improves muscle IR, and the beneficial effects of PEGPH20 are CD44-dependent. These results suggest a critical role of CD44 in promoting hyaluronan-mediated muscle IR, therefore representing a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Hasib
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chandani K Hennayake
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aimée R Bugler-Lamb
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Faisel Khan
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Méndez-Gutiérrez A, Aguilera CM, Plaza-Díaz J. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194888. [PMID: 31581657 PMCID: PMC6801592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of different proteins and proteoglycans that controls differentiation, migration, repair, survival, and development, and it seems that its remodeling is required for healthy adipose tissue expansion. Obesity drives an excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes, which provokes immune cells infiltration, fibrosis (an excess of deposition of ECM components such as collagens, elastin, and fibronectin) and inflammation, considered a consequence of local hypoxia, and ultimately insulin resistance. To understand the mechanism of this process is a challenge to treat the metabolic diseases. This review is focused at identifying the putative role of ECM in adipose tissue, describing its structure and components, its main tissue receptors, and how it is affected in obesity, and subsequently the importance of an appropriate ECM remodeling in adipose tissue expansion to prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- RG Adipocytes and metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Méndez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción María Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Xu G, Gaul MD, Song F, Du F, Liang Y, DesJarlais RL, DiLoreto K, Shook B, Rentzeperis D, Santulli R, Eckardt A, Demarest K. Discovery of potent and orally bioavailable indazole-based glucagon receptor antagonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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McClatchey PM, McClain ES, Williams IM, Malabanan CM, James FD, Lord PC, Gregory JM, Cliffel DE, Wasserman DH. Fibrotic Encapsulation Is the Dominant Source of Continuous Glucose Monitor Delays. Diabetes 2019; 68:1892-1901. [PMID: 31399432 PMCID: PMC6754243 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) readings are delayed relative to blood glucose, and this delay is usually attributed to the latency of interstitial glucose levels. However, CGM-independent data suggest rapid equilibration of interstitial glucose. This study sought to determine the loci of CGM delays. Electrical current was measured directly from CGM electrodes to define sensor kinetics in the absence of smoothing algorithms. CGMs were implanted in mice, and sensor versus blood glucose responses were measured after an intravenous glucose challenge. Dispersion of a fluorescent glucose analog (2-NBDG) into the CGM microenvironment was observed in vivo using intravital microscopy. Tissue deposited on the sensor and nonimplanted subcutaneous adipose tissue was then collected for histological analysis. The time to half-maximum CGM response in vitro was 35 ± 2 s. In vivo, CGMs took 24 ± 7 min to reach maximum current versus 2 ± 1 min to maximum blood glucose (P = 0.0017). 2-NBDG took 21 ± 7 min to reach maximum fluorescence at the sensor versus 6 ± 6 min in adipose tissue (P = 0.0011). Collagen content was closely correlated with 2-NBDG latency (R = 0.96, P = 0.0004). Diffusion of glucose into the tissue deposited on a CGM is substantially delayed relative to interstitial fluid. A CGM that resists fibrous encapsulation would better approximate real-time deviations in blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mason McClatchey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ethan S McClain
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ian M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Carlo M Malabanan
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Freyja D James
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Justin M Gregory
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Wang Z, Yin ZT, Zhang F, Li XQ, Chen SR, Yang N, Porter TE, Hou Z. Dynamics of transcriptome changes during subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:688. [PMID: 31477016 PMCID: PMC6720933 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pekin duck is an important animal model for its ability for fat synthesis and deposition. However, transcriptional dynamic regulation of adipose differentiation driven by complex signal cascades remains largely unexplored in this model. This study aimed to explore adipogenic transcriptional dynamics before (proliferation) and after (differentiation) initial preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. RESULTS Exogenous oleic acid alone successfully induced duck subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation. We explored 36 mRNA-seq libraries in order to study transcriptome dynamics during proliferation and differentiation processes at 6 time points. Using robust statistical analysis, we identified 845, 652, 359, 2401 and 1933 genes differentially expressed between -48 h and 0 h, 0 h and 12 h, 12 h and 24 h, 24 h and 48 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively (FDR < 0.05, FC > 1.5). At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. Moreover, we identified and classified more than 100 transcription factors that showed significant changes during differentiation, and found novel transcription factors that were not reported to be related to preadipoctye differentiation. Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome dynamics of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. The current study provides a solid basis for understanding the synthesis and deposition of subcutaneous fat in ducks. Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of duck adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si-Rui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Ye X, Shen Y, Ni C, Ye J, Xin Y, Zhang W, Ren Y. Irisin reverses insulin resistance in C2C12 cells via the p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway. Peptides 2019; 119:170120. [PMID: 31351089 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental pathogenic factor shared by a myriad of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IR is usually accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Irisin has been proposed to act as a hormone in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. However, the effects of irisin on IR and mitochondrial function have not yet been fully investigated. Here, our research shows that irisin increases glucose uptake in C2C12 myoblast cells via the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-PGC-1α pathway. Irisin can also enhance mitochondrial function and mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, irisin stimulates autophagy via PGC-1α. Collectively, these data provide basic evidence to support the therapeutic potential of irisin for IR, which may rely on p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway activation and enhance mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - YiMin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yubo Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - YueZhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Fusano M, Zane C, Calzavara-Pinton P, Bencini PL. Photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis in vegan and omnivore patients: the role of diet on skin healing. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:78-83. [PMID: 31076007 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1618433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved and effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). The time of complete skin healing is estimated to range between 5 and 10 days, but the role of nutrition in influencing it has never been evaluated.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the time of skin healing and side effects in omnivores and vegans treated with PDT for AK.Materials and methods: Thirty omnivore and thirty vegan patients, treated with PDT for AK, were enrolled. Side effects, according to local skin response (LSR) score, were compared after 3, 7, and 30 days; the time of complete skin healing was recorded.Results: At day 3, day 7, and day 30 post treatment, vegan group showed higher total LSR score (p = .008, p < .001, p < .001, respectively), highlighting higher edema and vesiculation at day 3 (p < .001, p = .002, respectively), erythema, desquamation, edema, and vesiculation at day 7 (p < .001, p < .001, p < .001, p < .001, respectively) and erythema and desquamation after 30 days (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). The difference of complete skin healing was statistically significant (p < .001).Conclusions: The present study suggests that diet may have a prognostic and predictive role on PDT outcomes in term of side effects and time of skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fusano
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Zane
- Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Pier Luca Bencini
- Istituto di Chirurgia e Laser-Chirurgia in Dermatologia (I.C.L.I.D.), Milan, Italy
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Graae AS, Grarup N, Ribel-Madsen R, Lystbæk SH, Boesgaard T, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Wellner N, Sulek K, Kjolby M, Backe MB, Chubanava S, Prats C, Serup AK, Birk JB, Dubail J, Gillberg L, Vienberg SG, Nykjær A, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Larsen S, Apte SS, Häring HU, Vaag A, Zethelius B, Pedersen O, Treebak JT, Hansen T, Holst B. ADAMTS9 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Through Extracellular Matrix Alterations. Diabetes 2019; 68:502-514. [PMID: 30626608 PMCID: PMC6385758 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ADAMTS9 rs4607103 C allele is one of the few gene variants proposed to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes through an impairment of insulin sensitivity. We show that the variant is associated with increased expression of the secreted ADAMTS9 and decreased insulin sensitivity and signaling in human skeletal muscle. In line with this, mice lacking Adamts9 selectively in skeletal muscle have improved insulin sensitivity. The molecular link between ADAMTS9 and insulin signaling was characterized further in a model where ADAMTS9 was overexpressed in skeletal muscle. This selective overexpression resulted in decreased insulin signaling presumably mediated through alterations of the integrin β1 signaling pathway and disruption of the intracellular cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, this led to impaired mitochondrial function in mouse muscle-an observation found to be of translational character because humans carrying the ADAMTS9 risk allele have decreased expression of mitochondrial markers. Finally, we found that the link between ADAMTS9 overexpression and impaired insulin signaling could be due to accumulation of harmful lipid intermediates. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and point to inhibition of ADAMTS9 as a potential novel mode of treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Graae
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Sara H Lystbæk
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Boesgaard
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Wellner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Balslev Backe
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabina Chubanava
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Dubail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Sara G Vienberg
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjær
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Allan Vaag
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Buras ED, Converso-Baran K, Davis CS, Akama T, Hikage F, Michele DE, Brooks SV, Chun TH. Fibro-Adipogenic Remodeling of the Diaphragm in Obesity-Associated Respiratory Dysfunction. Diabetes 2019; 68:45-56. [PMID: 30361289 PMCID: PMC6302533 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory dysfunction is a common complication of obesity, conferring cardiovascular morbidity and increased mortality and often necessitating mechanical ventilatory support. While impaired lung expansion in the setting of increased adipose mass and reduced central response to hypercapnia have been implicated as pathophysiological drivers, the impact of obesity on respiratory muscles-in particular, the diaphragm-has not been investigated in detail. Here, we demonstrate that chronic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs diaphragm muscle function, as assessed in vivo by ultrasonography and ex vivo by measurement of contractile force. During an HFD time course, progressive adipose tissue expansion and collagen deposition within the diaphragm parallel contractile deficits. Moreover, intradiaphragmatic fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) proliferate with long-term HFD feeding while giving rise to adipocytes and type I collagen-depositing fibroblasts. Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), a circulating adipokine, increases with obesity and induces FAP proliferation. These findings suggest a novel role for FAP-mediated fibro-adipogenic diaphragm remodeling in obesity-associated respiratory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Buras
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kimber Converso-Baran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carol S Davis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Takeshi Akama
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel E Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tae-Hwa Chun
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Kwon EY, Shin SK, Choi MS. Ursolic Acid Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis, Fibrosis, and Insulin Resistance by Modulating the Circadian Rhythm Pathway in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1719. [PMID: 30423963 PMCID: PMC6266464 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to elucidate the effects of long-term supplementation with dietary ursolic acid (UR) on obesity and associated comorbidities by analyzing transcriptional and metabolic responses, focusing on the role of UR in the modulation of the circadian rhythm pathway in particular. C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups and fed a normal diet, high-fat diet, or high-fat + 0.05% (w/w) UR diet for 16 weeks. Oligonucleotide microarray profiling revealed that UR is an effective regulator of the liver transcriptome, and canonical pathways associated with the "circadian rhythm" and "extracellular matrix (ECM)⁻receptor interactions" were effectively regulated by UR in the liver. UR altered the expression of various clock and clock-controlled genes (CCGs), which may be linked to the improvement of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis via lipid metabolism control and detoxification enhancement. UR reduced excessive reactive oxygen species production, adipokine/cytokine dysregulation, and ECM accumulation in the liver, which also contributed to improve hepatic lipotoxicity and fibrosis. Moreover, UR improved pancreatic islet dysfunction, and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis, thereby reducing obesity-associated insulin resistance. Therapeutic approaches targeting hepatic circadian clock and CCGs using UR may ameliorate the deleterious effects of diet-induced obesity and associated complications such as hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Physiology & Obesity-Mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 82601, Korea.
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Hasan MM, Shalaby SM, El-Gendy J, Abdelghany EMA. Beneficial effects of metformin on muscle atrophy induced by obesity in rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5677-5686. [PMID: 30320911 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM A growing interest to understand the signaling pathways mediating obesity-induced muscle atrophy is given. Metformin (Met) was reported to possess positive effects on preventing muscle damage and promoting muscle mass maintenance. The aim of the present study to investigate pathways involved in Met effect on obesity induced muscle atrophy. METHODS Thirty adult male albino rats were assigned into two groups: normal chew diet fed group as control group (C; n = 10) and high-fat-diet (HFD) fed group ( n = 20). After 16 weeks, the HFD-fed animals were subdivided into two groups; HFD group ( n = 10) and HFD fed treated with oral Met (320 mg/day) treatment (Met, n = 10) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment; final body weight, visceral fat weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin, lactate, total cholesterol, triglycerides were measured and calculated homeostatic model assessment insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) for all groups. Soleus muscle weight, histopathlogical examination and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), forkhead box O3 (FoxO3), atrogin-1/MAFbx, and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF-1) were performed. RESULTS HFD-fed animals showed significant increase in final body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting blood glucose, insulin, calculated HOMA-IR, lactate, total cholesterol and triglycerides with significant decrease in soleus muscle weight, PGC-1α and significant increase in FoxO3, atrogin-1/MAFbx, and MuRF-1 expression. Also, there was significant decrease in fiber diameter, myosin heavy chain (MHC) I content while collagen content and myosin heavy chain IIa were increased compared with control group. Met-treated group showed a significant decrease in the measured parameters compared with the HFD group. It also restored the gene expression, morphometric measures and MHC composition toward normal. CONCLUSION The current study is the first to provide evidence that Met could ameliorate muscle atrophy in high-fat diet induced obesity and this effect may be in part due to regulation of PGC-1α-FoxO3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Hasan
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jehan El-Gendy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M A Abdelghany
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Multifaceted Interweaving Between Extracellular Matrix, Insulin Resistance, and Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100148. [PMID: 30249008 PMCID: PMC6211053 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle provides movement and support to the skeleton, controls body temperature, and regulates the glucose level within the body. This is the core tissue of insulin-mediated glucose uptake via glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides integrity and biochemical signals and plays an important role in myogenesis. In addition, it undergoes remodeling upon injury and/or repair, which is also related to insulin resistance (IR), a major cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Altered signaling of integrin and ECM remodeling in diet-induced obesity is associated with IR. This review highlights the interweaving relationship between the ECM, IR, and skeletal muscle. In addition, the importance of the ECM in muscle integrity as well as cellular functions is explored. IR and skeletal muscle ECM remodeling has been discussed in clinical and nonclinical aspects. Furthermore, this review considers the role of ECM glycation and its effects on skeletal muscle homeostasis, concentrating on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as an important risk factor for the development of IR. Understanding this complex interplay between the ECM, muscle, and IR may improve knowledge and help develop new ideas for novel therapeutics for several IR-associated myopathies and diabetes.
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Grarup N, Moltke I, Andersen MK, Bjerregaard P, Larsen CVL, Dahl-Petersen IK, Jørsboe E, Tiwari HK, Hopkins SE, Wiener HW, Boyer BB, Linneberg A, Pedersen O, Jørgensen ME, Albrechtsen A, Hansen T. Identification of novel high-impact recessively inherited type 2 diabetes risk variants in the Greenlandic population. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2005-2015. [PMID: 29926116 PMCID: PMC6096637 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In a recent study using a standard additive genetic model, we identified a TBC1D4 loss-of-function variant with a large recessive impact on risk of type 2 diabetes in Greenlanders. The aim of the current study was to identify additional genetic variation underlying type 2 diabetes using a recessive genetic model, thereby increasing the power to detect variants with recessive effects. METHODS We investigated three cohorts of Greenlanders (B99, n = 1401; IHIT, n = 3115; and BBH, n = 547), which were genotyped using Illumina MetaboChip. Of the 4674 genotyped individuals passing quality control, 4648 had phenotype data available, and type 2 diabetes association analyses were performed for 317 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 2631 participants with normal glucose tolerance. Statistical association analyses were performed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS Using a recessive genetic model, we identified two novel loci associated with type 2 diabetes in Greenlanders, namely rs870992 in ITGA1 on chromosome 5 (OR 2.79, p = 1.8 × 10-8), and rs16993330 upstream of LARGE1 on chromosome 22 (OR 3.52, p = 1.3 × 10-7). The LARGE1 variant did not reach the conventional threshold for genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10-8) but did withstand a study-wide Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold. Both variants were common in Greenlanders, with minor allele frequencies of 23% and 16%, respectively, and were estimated to have large recessive effects on risk of type 2 diabetes in Greenlanders, compared with additively inherited variants previously observed in European populations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrate the value of using a recessive genetic model in a historically small and isolated population to identify genetic risk variants. Our findings give new insights into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes, and further support the existence of high-effect genetic risk factors of potential clinical relevance, particularly in isolated populations. DATA AVAILABILITY The Greenlandic MetaboChip-genotype data are available at European Genome-Phenome Archive (EGA; https://ega-archive.org/ ) under the accession EGAS00001002641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Moltke
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette K Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Christina V L Larsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Inger K Dahl-Petersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Jørsboe
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scarlett E Hopkins
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Howard W Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bert B Boyer
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Anders Albrechtsen
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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71
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Studentsova V, Mora KM, Glasner MF, Buckley MR, Loiselle AE. Obesity/Type II Diabetes Promotes Function-limiting Changes in Murine Tendons that are not reversed by Restoring Normal Metabolic Function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9218. [PMID: 29907811 PMCID: PMC6003963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II Diabetes (T2DM) negatively alters baseline tendon function, including decreased range of motion and mechanical properties; however, the biological mechanisms that promote diabetic tendinopathy are unknown. To facilitate identification of therapeutic targets we developed a novel murine model of diabetic tendinopathy. Mice fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) developed diet induced obesity and T2DM and demonstrated progressive impairments in tendon gliding function and mechanical properties, relative to mice fed a Low Fat Diet (LFD). We then determined if restoration of normal metabolic function, by switching mice from HFD to LFD, was sufficient to halt the pathological changes in tendon due to obesity/T2DM. However, switching from a HFD to LFD resulted in greater impairments in tendon gliding function than mice maintained on a HFD. Mechanistically, IRβ signaling is decreased in obese/T2DM murine tendons, suggesting altered IRβ signaling as a driver of diabetic tendinopathy. However, knock-down of IRβ expression in S100a4-lineage cells (IRcKOS100a4) was not sufficient to induce diabetic tendinopathy as no impairments in tendon gliding function or mechanical properties were observed in IRcKOS100a4, relative to WT. Collectively, these data define a murine model of diabetic tendinopathy, and demonstrate that restoring normal metabolism does not slow the progression of diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Studentsova
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Keshia M Mora
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Melissa F Glasner
- Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Buckley
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alayna E Loiselle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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72
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Yamashita Y, Nakada S, Yoshihara T, Nara T, Furuya N, Miida T, Hattori N, Arikawa-Hirasawa E. Perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, regulates systemic metabolism with dynamic changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7766. [PMID: 29773865 PMCID: PMC5958100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlecan (HSPG2), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is a component of basement membranes and participates in a variety of biological activities. Here, we show physiological roles of perlecan in both obesity and the onset of metabolic syndrome. The perinatal lethality-rescued perlecan knockout (Hspg2−/−-Tg) mice showed a smaller mass and cell size of white adipose tissues than control (WT-Tg) mice. Abnormal lipid deposition, such as fatty liver, was not detected in the Hspg2−/−-Tg mice, and those mice also consumed more fat as an energy source, likely due to their activated fatty acid oxidation. In addition, the Hspg2−/−-Tg mice demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity. Molecular analysis revealed the significantly relatively increased amount of the muscle fiber type IIA (X) isoform and a larger quantity of mitochondria in the skeletal muscle of Hspg2−/−-Tg mice. Furthermore, the perlecan-deficient skeletal muscle also had elevated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) protein. PGC1α expression is activated by exercise, and induces mitochondrial biosynthesis. Thus, perlecan may act as a mechano-regulator of catabolism of both lipids and glucose by shifting the muscle fiber composition to oxidative fibers. Our data suggest that downregulation of perlecan is a promising strategy to control metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yamashita
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakada
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan
| | - Norihiko Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Disease of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan. .,Research Institute for Disease of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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73
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Abstract
The frequency of prediabetes is increasing as the prevalence of obesity rises worldwide. In prediabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation and metabolic derangements associated with concomitant obesity cause endothelial vasodilator and fibrinolytic dysfunction, leading to increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Importantly, the microvasculature affects insulin sensitivity by affecting the delivery of insulin and glucose to skeletal muscle; thus, endothelial dysfunction and extracellular matrix remodeling promote the progression from prediabetes to diabetes mellitus. Weight loss is the mainstay of treatment in prediabetes, but therapies that improved endothelial function and vasodilation may not only prevent cardiovascular disease but also slow progression to diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wasserman
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (D.H.W.) and Medicine (T.J.W., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Thomas J Wang
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (D.H.W.) and Medicine (T.J.W., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nancy J Brown
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (D.H.W.) and Medicine (T.J.W., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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74
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Broadgate S, Kiire C, Halford S, Chong V. Diabetic macular oedema: under-represented in the genetic analysis of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A111:1-51. [PMID: 29682912 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a complex disease and is one of the leading causes of blindness in adults worldwide. It can be divided into distinct subclasses, one of which is diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema can occur at any time in diabetic retinopathy and is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the large number of genetic association studies that have been performed in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes and published in English-language journals up to February 2017. Many of these studies have produced positive associations with gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy. However, this review highlights that within this large body of work, studies specifically addressing a genetic association with diabetic macular oedema, although present, are vastly under-represented. We also highlight that many of the studies have small patient numbers and that meta-analyses often inappropriately combine patient data sets. We conclude that there will continue to be conflicting results and no meaningful findings will be achieved if the historical approach of combining all diabetic retinopathy disease states within patient cohorts continues in future studies. This review also identifies several genes that would be interesting to analyse in large, well-defined cohorts of patients with diabetic macular oedema in future candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Broadgate
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Christine Kiire
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie Halford
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Victor Chong
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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75
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Li X, Lin Z, Zhan X, Gao J, Sun L, Cao Y, Qiu H. RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome of the liver of cynomolgus monkeys with type 2 diabetes. Gene 2018; 651:118-125. [PMID: 29414690 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors such as high-fat diet are involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cynomolgus monkey shares similar genetic makeup, tissue structures, physiology and metabolic function to human. This study aimed to establish T2DM model in cynomolgus monkey and compare expression profiles of hepatic genes and their associated pathways in normal cynomolgus monkeys and those with T2DM. We employed RNA-seq technique and identified 1451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.1% between normal and T2DM animals. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were associated with 12 KEGG pathways (P < 0.05). Two of these pathways were associated with metabolism and five were related to immunity. Unexpected, we found ECM-receptor interaction pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that three major pathways may be implicated in the development of T2DM, including steroid biosynthesis, immune response and ECM. Further characterization of these pathways may provide new targets for the prevention and therapy of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zijing Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lijie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
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76
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Yang Q, Wang WW, Ma P, Ma ZX, Hao M, Adelusi TI, Lei-Du, Yin XX, Lu Q. Swimming training alleviated insulin resistance through Wnt3a/ β-catenin signaling in type 2 diabetic rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:1220-1226. [PMID: 29299199 PMCID: PMC5749356 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.9473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence suggests that regular physical exercise improves type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the potential beneficial effects of swimming on insulin resistance and lipid disorder in T2DM, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were fed with high fat diet and given a low dosage of Streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2DM model, and subsequently treated with or without swimming exercise. An 8-week swimming program (30, 60 or 120 min per day, 5 days per week) decreased body weight, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin. RESULTS Swimming ameliorated lipid disorder, improved muscular atrophy and revealed a reduced glycogen deposit in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats. Furthermore, swimming also inhibited the activation of Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway, decreased Wnt3a mRNA and protein level, upregulated GSK3β phosphorylation activity and reduced the expression of β-catenin phosphorylation in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The trend of the result suggests that swimming exercise proved to be a potent ameliorator of insulin resistancein T2DM through the modulation of Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway and therefore, could present a promising therapeutic measure towards the treatment of diabetes and its relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pu Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-xuan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Temitope I Adelusi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei-Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
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77
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Lark DS, Wasserman DH. Meta-fibrosis links positive energy balance and mitochondrial metabolism to insulin resistance. F1000Res 2017; 6:1758. [PMID: 29043068 PMCID: PMC5621108 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11653.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance often emerge from positive energy balance and generally are linked to low-grade inflammation. This low-grade inflammation has been called “meta-inflammation” because it is a consequence of the metabolic dysregulation that can accompany overnutrition. One means by which meta-inflammation is linked to insulin resistance is extracellular matrix expansion secondary to meta-inflammation, which we define here as “meta-fibrosis”. The significance of meta-fibrosis is that it reflects a situation in which the extracellular matrix functions as a multi-level integrator of local (for example, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production) and systemic (for example, inflammation) inputs that couple to cellular processes creating insulin resistance. While adipose tissue extracellular matrix remodeling has received considerable attention, it is becoming increasingly apparent that liver and skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling also contributes to insulin resistance. In this review, we address recent advances in our understanding of energy balance, mitochondrial energetics, meta-inflammation, and meta-fibrosis in the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Lark
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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78
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Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Med 2017; 23:804-814. [PMID: 28697184 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 775] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional excess is a major forerunner of type 2 diabetes. It enhances the secretion of insulin, but attenuates insulin's metabolic actions in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, conflicting evidence indicates a lack of knowledge of the timing of these events during the development of obesity and diabetes, pointing to a key gap in our understanding of metabolic disease. This Perspective reviews alternate viewpoints and recent results on the temporal and mechanistic connections between hyperinsulinemia, obesity and insulin resistance. Although much attention has addressed early steps in the insulin signaling cascade, insulin resistance in obesity seems to be largely elicited downstream of these steps. New findings also connect insulin resistance to extensive metabolic cross-talk between the liver, adipose tissue, pancreas and skeletal muscle. These and other advances over the past 5 years offer exciting opportunities and daunting challenges for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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79
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Hatem-Vaquero M, Griera M, García-Jerez A, Luengo A, Álvarez J, Rubio JA, Calleros L, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Rodríguez-Puyol M, De Frutos S. Peripheral insulin resistance in ILK-depleted mice by reduction of GLUT4 expression. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:115-128. [PMID: 28490443 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of insulin resistance is characterized by the impairment of glucose uptake mediated by glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Extracellular matrix changes are induced when the metabolic dysregulation is sustained. The present work was devoted to analyze the possible link between the extracellular-to-intracellular mediator integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and the peripheral tissue modification that leads to glucose homeostasis impairment. Mice with general depletion of ILK in adulthood (cKD-ILK) maintained in a chow diet exhibited increased glycemia and insulinemia concurrently with a reduction of the expression and membrane presence of GLUT4 in the insulin-sensitive peripheral tissues compared with their wild-type littermates (WT). Tolerance tests and insulin sensitivity indexes confirmed the insulin resistance in cKD-ILK, suggesting a similar stage to prediabetes in humans. Under randomly fed conditions, no differences between cKD-ILK and WT were observed in the expression of insulin receptor (IR-B) and its substrate IRS-1 expressions. The IR-B isoform phosphorylated at tyrosines 1150/1151 was increased, but the AKT phosphorylation in serine 473 was reduced in cKD-ILK tissues. Similarly, ILK-blocked myotubes reduced their GLUT4 promoter activity and GLUT4 expression levels. On the other hand, the glucose uptake capacity in response to exogenous insulin was impaired when ILK was blocked in vivo and in vitro, although IR/IRS/AKT phosphorylation states were increased but not different between groups. We conclude that ILK depletion modifies the transcription of GLUT4, which results in reduced peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, suggesting ILK as a molecular target and a prognostic biomarker of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hatem-Vaquero
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Jerez
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Luengo
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Julia Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition DepartmentHospital Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Rubio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition DepartmentHospital Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Calleros
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Foundation and Nephrology DepartmentHospital Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - Sergio De Frutos
- Department of Systems BiologyPhysiology Unit, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Renal and REDinREN from Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
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80
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Fanning KM, Pfisterer B, Davis AT, Presley TD, Williams IM, Wasserman DH, Cline JM, Kavanagh K. Changes in microvascular density differentiate metabolic health outcomes in monkeys with prior radiation exposure and subsequent skeletal muscle ECM remodeling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R290-R297. [PMID: 28701320 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00108.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure accelerates the onset of age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia and, thus, lends insight into in vivo mechanisms common to these disorders. Fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which occur with aging and overnutrition and following irradiation, are risk factors for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We previously demonstrated an increased incidence of skeletal muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in monkeys that had been exposed to whole body irradiation 5-9 yr prior. We hypothesized that irradiation-induced fibrosis alters muscle architecture, predisposing irradiated animals to insulin resistance and overt diabetes. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, n = 7-8/group) grouped as nonirradiated age-matched controls (Non-Rad-CTL), irradiated nondiabetic monkeys (Rad-CTL), and irradiated monkeys that subsequently developed diabetes (Rad-DM) were compared. Prior radiation exposure resulted in persistent skeletal muscle ECM changes, including a relative overabundance of collagen IV and a trend toward increased transforming growth factor-β1. Preservation of microvascular markers differentiated the irradiated diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Microvascular density and plasma nitrate and heat shock protein 90 levels were lower in Rad-DM than Rad-CTL. These results are consistent with a protective effect of abundant microvasculature in maintaining glycemic control within radiation-induced fibrotic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Fanning
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - B Pfisterer
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - A T Davis
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - T D Presley
- Department of Chemistry, Winston Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - I M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - D H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J M Cline
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - K Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina;
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81
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Ackerman JE, Geary MB, Orner CA, Bawany F, Loiselle AE. Obesity/Type II diabetes alters macrophage polarization resulting in a fibrotic tendon healing response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181127. [PMID: 28686669 PMCID: PMC5501654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II Diabetes (T2DM) dramatically impairs the tendon healing response, resulting in decreased collagen organization and mechanics relative to non-diabetic tendons. Despite this burden, there remains a paucity of information regarding the mechanisms that govern impaired healing of diabetic tendons. Mice were placed on either a high fat diet (T2DM) or low fat diet (lean) and underwent flexor tendon transection and repair surgery. Healing was assessed via mechanical testing, histology and changes in gene expression associated with collagen synthesis, matrix remodeling, and macrophage polarization. Obese/diabetic tendons healed with increased scar formation and impaired mechanical properties. Consistent with this, prolonged and excess expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components were observed in obese/T2DM tendons. Macrophages are involved in both inflammatory and matrix deposition processes during healing. Obese/T2DM tendons healed with increased expression of markers of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and elevated and prolonged expression of M2 macrophages markers that are involved in ECM deposition. Here we demonstrate that tendons from obese/diabetic mice heal with increased scar formation and increased M2 polarization, identifying excess M2 macrophage activity and matrix synthesis as a potential mechanism of the fibrotic healing phenotype observed in T2DM tendons, and as such a potential target to improve tendon healing in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Ackerman
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Geary
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Caitlin A. Orner
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Fatima Bawany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Alayna E. Loiselle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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82
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Martinez-Huenchullan S, McLennan SV, Verhoeven A, Twigg SM, Tam CS. The emerging role of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and exercise. Obes Rev 2017; 18:776-790. [PMID: 28474421 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling has been proposed as a new feature associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Exercise training improves muscle function in obesity, which may be mediated by regulatory effects on the muscle extracellular matrix. This review examined available literature on skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling during obesity and the effects of exercise. A non-systematic literature review was performed on PubMed of publications from 1970 to 2015. A total of 37 studies from humans and animals were retained. Studies reported overall increases in gene and protein expression of different types of collagen, growth factors and enzymatic regulators of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix in obesity. Only two studies investigated the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle extracellular matrix during obesity, with both suggesting a regulatory effect of exercise. The effects of exercise on muscle extracellular matrix seem to be influenced by the duration and type of exercise training with variable effects from a single session compared with a longer duration of exercise. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling during obesity and the effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martinez-Huenchullan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S V McLennan
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Verhoeven
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S M Twigg
- Greg Brown Diabetes & Endocrinology Laboratory and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - C S Tam
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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83
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Gangadhariah MH, Dieckmann BW, Lantier L, Kang L, Wasserman DH, Chiusa M, Caskey CF, Dickerson J, Luo P, Gamboa JL, Capdevila JH, Imig JD, Yu C, Pozzi A, Luther JM. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids contribute to insulin sensitivity in mice and in humans. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1066-1075. [PMID: 28352940 PMCID: PMC5921930 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin resistance is frequently associated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) arachidonic acid epoxygenases (CYP2C, CYP2J) and their epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) products lower blood pressure and may also improve glucose homeostasis. However, the direct contribution of endogenous EET production on insulin sensitivity has not been previously investigated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that endogenous CYP2C-derived EETs alter insulin sensitivity by analysing mice lacking CYP2C44, a major EET producing enzyme, and by testing the association of plasma EETs with insulin sensitivity in humans. METHODS We assessed insulin sensitivity in wild-type (WT) and Cyp2c44 -/- mice using hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps and isolated skeletal muscle. Insulin secretory function was assessed using hyperglycaemic clamps and isolated islets. Vascular function was tested in isolated perfused mesenteric vessels. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were assessed in humans using frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests and plasma EETs were measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Cyp2c44 -/- mice showed decreased glucose tolerance (639 ± 39.5 vs 808 ± 37.7 mmol/l × min for glucose tolerance tests, p = 0.004) and insulin sensitivity compared with WT controls (hyperinsulinaemic clamp glucose infusion rate average during terminal 30 min 0.22 ± 0.02 vs 0.33 ± 0.01 mmol kg-1 min-1 in WT and Cyp2c44 -/- mice respectively, p = 0.003). Although glucose uptake was diminished in Cyp2c44 -/- mice in vivo (gastrocnemius Rg 16.4 ± 2.0 vs 6.2 ± 1.7 μmol 100 g-1 min-1, p < 0.01) insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was unchanged ex vivo in isolated skeletal muscle. Capillary density was similar but vascular KATP-induced relaxation was impaired in isolated Cyp2c44 -/- vessels (maximal response 39.3 ± 6.5% of control, p < 0.001), suggesting that impaired vascular reactivity produces impaired insulin sensitivity in vivo. Similarly, plasma EETs positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in human participants. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION CYP2C-derived EETs contribute to insulin sensitivity in mice and in humans. Interventions to increase circulating EETs in humans could provide a novel approach to improve insulin sensitivity and treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesha H Gangadhariah
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North B3109, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA
| | - Blake W Dieckmann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North B3109, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manuel Chiusa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North B3109, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Department of Radiologic Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jaime Dickerson
- Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jorge L Gamboa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jorge H Capdevila
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North B3109, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North B3109, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - James M Luther
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North B3109, Nashville, TN, 37232-6602, USA.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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84
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Messaoudi I, Handu M, Rais M, Sureshchandra S, Park BS, Fei SS, Wright H, White AE, Jain R, Cameron JL, Winters-Stone KM, Varlamov O. Long-lasting effect of obesity on skeletal muscle transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:411. [PMID: 28545403 PMCID: PMC5445270 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced physical activity and increased intake of calorically-dense diets are the main risk factors for obesity, glucose intolerance, and type 2 diabetes. Chronic overnutrition and hyperglycemia can alter gene expression, contributing to long-term obesity complications. While caloric restriction can reduce obesity and glucose intolerance, it is currently unknown whether it can effectively reprogram transcriptome to a pre-obesity level. The present study addressed this question by the preliminary examination of the transcriptional dynamics in skeletal muscle after exposure to overnutrition and following caloric restriction. RESULTS Six male rhesus macaques of 12-13 years of age consumed a high-fat western-style diet for 6 months and then were calorically restricted for 4 months without exercise. Skeletal muscle biopsies were subjected to longitudinal gene expression analysis using next-generation whole-genome RNA sequencing. In spite of significant weight loss and normalized insulin sensitivity, the majority of WSD-induced (n = 457) and WSD-suppressed (n = 47) genes remained significantly dysregulated after caloric restriction (FDR ≤0.05). The MetacoreTM pathway analysis reveals that western-style diet induced the sustained activation of the transforming growth factor-β gene network, associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, and the downregulation of genes involved in muscle structure development and nutritional processes. CONCLUSIONS Western-style diet, in the absence of exercise, induced skeletal muscle transcriptional programing, which persisted even after insulin resistance and glucose intolerance were completely reversed with caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Messaoudi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Mithila Handu
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, L584 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Maham Rais
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Byung S Park
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Suzanne S Fei
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Hollis Wright
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Ashley E White
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, L584 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Ruhee Jain
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Judy L Cameron
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Kerri M Winters-Stone
- Department of School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Oleg Varlamov
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, L584 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
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85
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Ahmad OS, Leong A, Miller JA, Morris JA, Forgetta V, Mujammami M, Richards JB. A Mendelian Randomization Study of the Effect of Type-2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits on Bone Mineral Density. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1072-1081. [PMID: 27982478 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is associated in observational studies with both higher bone mineral density (BMD) and higher fracture risk for given BMD. These relationships may however be confounded by factors such as body mass index (BMI). Here we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to obtain non-confounded estimates of the effect of T2D and glycemic traits on BMD. We identified genetic variants strongly associated with T2D risk (34,840 T2D cases and 114,981 controls) and fasting glucose (133,010 nondiabetic individuals), but not associated with BMI, and determined the effects of these variants on BMD (up to 83,894 individuals). Using these variants as instrumental variables, we found that a genetically-increased risk of T2D increased femoral neck BMD (+0.034 SD in BMD per unit increase in log-odds of T2D [95% CI, 0.001 to 0.067; p = 0.044]). Genetically-increased fasting glucose also increased femoral neck BMD (+0.13 SD in BMD per mmol/L increase in fasting glucose [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.25; p = 0.034]). Similar nonsignificant trends were observed for the effects of T2D and fasting glucose on lumbar spine BMD. Our results indicate that both genetically-increased T2D risk and genetically-increased fasting glucose have weak positive effects on BMD. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Ahmad
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aaron Leong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Ann Miller
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John A Morris
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Forgetta
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muhammad Mujammami
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Brent Richards
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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86
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Jeong JY, Ibrahim M, Kim MJ, So K, Jeong YD, Park S, Kim M, Lee HJ. Comparisons of extracellular matrix-related gene expression levels in different adipose tissues from Korean cattle. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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87
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Williams AS, Trefts E, Lantier L, Grueter CA, Bracy DP, James FD, Pozzi A, Zent R, Wasserman DH. Integrin-Linked Kinase Is Necessary for the Development of Diet-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2017; 66:325-334. [PMID: 27899483 PMCID: PMC5248997 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver extracellular matrix (ECM) expands with high-fat (HF) feeding. This finding led us to address whether receptors for the ECM, integrins, are key to the development of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a downstream integrin signaling molecule involved in multiple hepatic processes, including those related to differentiation, wound healing, and metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that deletion of ILK in mice on an HF diet would disrupt the ECM-integrin signaling axis, thereby preventing the transformation into the insulin-resistant liver. To determine the role of ILK in hepatic insulin action in vivo, male C57BL/6J ILKlox/lox mice were crossed with Albcre mice to produce a hepatocyte-specific ILK deletion (ILKlox/loxAlbcre). Results from this study show that hepatic ILK deletion has no effect on insulin action in lean mice but sensitizes the liver to insulin during the challenge of HF feeding. This effect corresponds to changes in the expression and activation of key insulin signaling pathways as well as a greater capacity for hepatic mitochondrial glucose oxidation. This demonstrates that ILK contributes to hepatic insulin resistance and highlights the previously undefined role of integrin signaling in the pathogenesis of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Elijah Trefts
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Carrie A Grueter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Freyja D James
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Veteran Affairs, Nashville, TN
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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88
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Tam CS, Chaudhuri R, Hutchison AT, Samocha-Bonet D, Heilbronn LK. Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling after short-term overfeeding in healthy humans. Metabolism 2017; 67:26-30. [PMID: 28081775 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling has been proposed as a feature of the pathogenic milieu associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. The aim of the current study was to examine the timeline of this response and determine whether 3 and 28days of overfeeding alters markers of ECM turnover. METHODS Forty healthy individuals were overfed by 1250kcal/day for 28days. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps and abdominal fat distribution were performed at baseline and day 28 of overfeeding and skeletal muscle biopsies taken at baseline, day 3 and day 28. mRNA expression (COL1a1, COL3a1, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, CD68, Integrin) was performed in 19 subjects that consented to having all biopsies performed and microarray analysis was performed in 8 participants at baseline and day 28. RESULTS In the whole cohort, body weight increased by 0.6±0.1 and 2.7±0.3kg at days 3 and 28 (both P<0.001), respectively. Glucose infusion rate during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp decreased from 54.8±2.8 at baseline to 50.3±2.5μmol/min/kg FFM at day 28 of overfeeding (P=0.03). Muscle COL1 and COL3 and MMP2 mRNA levels were significantly higher 28days after overfeeding (all P<0.05), with no significant changes in MMP9, TIMP1, CD68 and integrin expression. Microarray based gene set tests revealed that pathways related to ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion and adherens junction were differentially altered. CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle ECM remodeling occurs early in response to over-nutrition with as little as 3% body weight gain. Our findings contribute to the growing evidence linking muscle ECM remodeling and accumulation as another sequela of obesity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine S Tam
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rima Chaudhuri
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia and Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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89
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Day SE, Coletta RL, Kim JY, Garcia LA, Campbell LE, Benjamin TR, Roust LR, De Filippis EA, Mandarino LJ, Coletta DK. Potential epigenetic biomarkers of obesity-related insulin resistance in human whole-blood. Epigenetics 2017; 12:254-263. [PMID: 28106509 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1281501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity can increase the risk of complex metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance. Moreover, obesity can be caused by environmental and genetic factors. However, the epigenetic mechanisms of obesity are not well defined. Therefore, the identification of novel epigenetic biomarkers of obesity allows for a more complete understanding of the disease and its underlying insulin resistance. The aim of our study was to identify DNA methylation changes in whole-blood that were strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Whole-blood was obtained from lean (n = 10; BMI = 23.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and obese (n = 10; BMI = 34.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2) participants in combination with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps to assess insulin sensitivity. We performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing on genomic DNA isolated from the blood. We identified 49 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs; q < 0.05) that were altered in obese compared with lean participants. We identified 2 sites (Chr.21:46,957,981 and Chr.21:46,957,915) in the 5' untranslated region of solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1) with decreased methylation in obese participants (lean 0.73 ± 0.11 vs. obese 0.09 ± 0.05; lean 0.68 ± 0.10 vs. obese 0.09 ± 0.05, respectively). These 2 DMCs identified by obesity were also significantly predicted by insulin sensitivity (r = 0.68, P = 0.003; r = 0.66; P = 0.004). In addition, we performed a differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis and demonstrated a decrease in methylation of Chr.21:46,957,915-46,958,001 in SLC19A1 of -34.9% (70.4% lean vs. 35.5% obese). The decrease in whole-blood SLC19A1 methylation in our obese participants was similar to the change observed in skeletal muscle (Chr.21:46,957,981, lean 0.70 ± 0.09 vs. obese 0.31 ± 0.11 and Chr.21:46,957,915, lean 0.72 ± 0.11 vs. obese 0.31 ± 0.13). Pyrosequencing analysis further demonstrated a decrease in methylation at Chr.21:46,957,915 in both whole-blood (lean 0.71 ± 0.10 vs. obese 0.18 ± 0.06) and skeletal muscle (lean 0.71 ± 0.10 vs. obese 0.30 ± 0.11). Our findings demonstrate a new potential epigenetic biomarker, SLC19A1, for obesity and its underlying insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Day
- a School of Life Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Richard L Coletta
- b School for the Science of Health Care Delivery , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Joon Young Kim
- c Division of Weight Management and Wellness , Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Luis A Garcia
- b School for the Science of Health Care Delivery , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Latoya E Campbell
- a School of Life Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Tonya R Benjamin
- d Endocrinology Department , Mayo Clinic in Arizona , Scottsdale , AZ , USA
| | - Lori R Roust
- d Endocrinology Department , Mayo Clinic in Arizona , Scottsdale , AZ , USA
| | | | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- e Department of Medicine , The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson , AZ , USA
| | - Dawn K Coletta
- e Department of Medicine , The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Tucson , AZ , USA.,f Department of Basic Medical Sciences , The University of Arizona College of Medicine , Phoenix , AZ , USA
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90
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Crewe C, An YA, Scherer PE. The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:74-82. [PMID: 28045400 DOI: 10.1172/jci88883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three dominant contributors to the pathogenesis of dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) in obesity: unresolved inflammation, inappropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and insufficient angiogenic potential. The interactions of these processes during AT expansion reflect both a linear progression as well as feed-forward mechanisms. For example, both inflammation and inadequate angiogenic remodeling can drive fibrosis, which can in turn promote migration of immune cells into adipose depots and impede further angiogenesis. Therefore, the relationship between the members of this triad is complex but important for our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity. Here we untangle some of these intricacies to highlight the contributions of inflammation, angiogenesis, and the ECM to both "healthy" and "unhealthy" AT expansion.
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Zhao M, Zhang L, Liu L, Li Y, Wang D, Li YH, Wang ZH, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Tang MX. WITHDRAWN: Protective role of activin receptor-like kinase 7 gene silencing in renal fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016:S0006-291X(16)31431-0. [PMID: 27620491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Cardiology, Huangdao District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Di Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Hui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng-Xiong Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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92
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Kang L, Mokshagundam S, Reuter B, Lark DS, Sneddon CC, Hennayake C, Williams AS, Bracy DP, James FD, Pozzi A, Zent R, Wasserman DH. Integrin-Linked Kinase in Muscle Is Necessary for the Development of Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:1590-600. [PMID: 27207548 PMCID: PMC4878430 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced muscle insulin resistance is associated with expansion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as collagens, and the expression of collagen-binding integrin, α2β1. Integrins transduce signals from ECM via their cytoplasmic domains, which bind to intracellular integrin-binding proteins. The integrin-linked kinase (ILK)-PINCH-parvin (IPP) complex interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of β-integrin subunits and is critical for integrin signaling. In this study we defined the role of ILK, a key component of the IPP complex, in diet-induced muscle insulin resistance. Wild-type (ILK(lox/lox)) and muscle-specific ILK-deficient (ILK(lox/lox)HSAcre) mice were fed chow or a high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. Body weight was not different between ILK(lox/lox) and ILK(lox/lox)HSAcre mice. However, HF-fed ILK(lox/lox)HSAcre mice had improved muscle insulin sensitivity relative to HF-fed ILK(lox/lox) mice, as shown by increased rates of glucose infusion, glucose disappearance, and muscle glucose uptake during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Improved muscle insulin action in the HF-fed ILK(lox/lox)HSAcre mice was associated with increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and increased muscle capillarization. These results suggest that ILK expression in muscle is a critical component of diet-induced insulin resistance, which possibly acts by impairing insulin signaling and insulin perfusion through capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
| | - Shilpa Mokshagundam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bradley Reuter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel S Lark
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Claire C Sneddon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Chandani Hennayake
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Ashley S Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Freyja D James
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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93
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Lin D, Chun TH, Kang L. Adipose extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and insulin resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 119:8-16. [PMID: 27179976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of adipose tissues undergoes constant remodelling to allow adipocytes and their precursor cells to change cell shape and function in adaptation to nutritional cues. Abnormal accumulation of ECM components and their modifiers in adipose tissues has been recently demonstrated to cause obesity-associated insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Integrins and other ECM receptors (e.g. CD44) that are expressed in adipose tissues have been shown to regulate insulin sensitivity. It is well understood that a hypoxic response is observed in adipose tissue expansion during obesity progression and that hypoxic response accelerates fibrosis and inflammation in white adipose tissues. The expansion of adipose tissues should require angiogenesis; however, the excess deposition of ECM limits the angiogenic response of white adipose tissues in obesity. While recent studies have focused on the metabolic consequences and the mechanisms of adipose tissue expansion and remodelling, little attention has been paid to the role played by the interaction between peri-adipocyte ECM and their cognate cell surface receptors. This review will address what is currently known about the roles played by adipose ECM, their modifiers, and ECM receptors in obesity and insulin resistance. Understanding how excess ECM deposition in the adipose tissue deteriorates insulin sensitivity would provide us hints to develop a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Lin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tae-Hwa Chun
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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94
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Zeltz C, Gullberg D. The integrin-collagen connection--a glue for tissue repair? J Cell Sci 2016; 129:653-64. [PMID: 26857815 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.180992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1β1, α2β1, α10β1 and α11β1 integrins constitute a subset of the integrin family with affinity for GFOGER-like sequences in collagens. Integrins α1β1 and α2β1 were originally identified on a subset of activated T-cells, and have since been found to be expressed on a number of cell types including platelets (α2β1), vascular cells (α1β1, α2β1), epithelial cells (α1β1, α2β1) and fibroblasts (α1β1, α2β1). Integrin α10β1 shows a distribution that is restricted to mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes, whereas integrin α11β1 appears restricted to mesenchymal stem cells and subsets of fibroblasts. The bulk of the current literature suggests that collagen-binding integrins only have a limited role in adult connective tissue homeostasis, partly due to a limited availability of cell-binding sites in the mature fibrillar collagen matrices. However, some recent data suggest that, instead, they are more crucial for dynamic connective tissue remodeling events--such as wound healing--where they might act specifically to remodel and restore the tissue architecture. This Commentary discusses the recent development in the field of collagen-binding integrins, their roles in physiological and pathological settings with special emphasis on wound healing, fibrosis and tumor-stroma interactions, and include a discussion of the most recently identified newcomers to this subfamily--integrins α10β1 and α11β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Zeltz
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, Bergen N-5009, Norway
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95
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The effects of high-fat feeding on physical function and skeletal muscle extracellular matrix. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e187. [PMID: 26657013 PMCID: PMC4735053 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling has been proposed as a feature of the pathogenic milieu associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Whether muscle ECM is associated with impaired physical function in obese conditions is unknown. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or chow for 5, 10 and 25 weeks. Non-invasive physiological tests (hang wire, hang mesh and grip strength) to assess neuromuscular function and motor co-ordination were performed. Genes related to ECM structure (COL1, COL3, COL6A2, SPARC), growth factors (TGFB1, TGFB2, CTGF, VEGF) and muscle function (DMD (Dp147), CPN3, DAG1) were measured in gastrocnemius muscle using real-time PCR and COL1, 3 and 6 protein were measured by western immunoblot. Compared with chow, HFD mice had two to six-fold lower muscle strength (hang wire test; raw data and multiplied by body weight) at all time-points (P<0.001) and two-fold lower hang mesh and grip strength at 10 weeks (P<0.05). At 5 weeks, COL1, COL3 and COL6 gene expression, but not protein levels were three to eight-fold lower in HFD compared with chow. In the HFD group at 5 weeks, greater COL3 and 6 gene expression were associated with poorer hang wire performance. For the first time, our results demonstrate links between muscle ECM structure and physical function in obesity.
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96
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Ramirez CE, Nian H, Yu C, Gamboa JL, Luther JM, Brown NJ, Shibao CA. Treatment with Sildenafil Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Prediabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4533-40. [PMID: 26580240 PMCID: PMC4667163 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sildenafil increases insulin sensitivity in mice. In humans, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition improves disposition index, but the mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated and may depend on duration. In addition, increasing cyclic GMP without increasing nitric oxide could have beneficial effects on fibrinolytic balance. OBJECTIVE The objective was to test the hypothesis that chronic phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition with sildenafil improves insulin sensitivity and secretion without diminishing fibrinolytic function. DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING This trial was conducted at Vanderbilt Clinical Research Center. PARTICIPANTS Participants included overweight individuals with prediabetes. INTERVENTIONS Subjects were randomized to treatment with sildenafil 25 mg three times a day or matching placebo for 3 months. Subjects underwent a hyperglycemic clamp prior to and at the end of treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes of the study were insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. RESULT Twenty-one subjects completed each treatment arm. After 3 months, the insulin sensitivity index was significantly greater in the sildenafil group compared to the placebo group by 1.84 mg/kg/min per μU/mL*100 (95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 3.67 mg/kg/min per μU/mL*100; P = .049), after adjusting for baseline insulin sensitivity index and body mass index. In contrast, there was no effect of 3-month treatment with sildenafil on acute- or late-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (P > .30). Sildenafil decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (P = .01), without altering tissue-plasminogen activator. In contrast to placebo, sildenafil also decreased the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio from 12.67 ± 14.67 to 6.84 ± 4.86 μg/mg Cr. This effect persisted 3 months after sildenafil discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Three-month phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition enhances insulin sensitivity and improves markers of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Ramirez
- Departments of Medicine (C.E.R., J.L.G., J.M.L., N.J.B., C.A.S.) and Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Hui Nian
- Departments of Medicine (C.E.R., J.L.G., J.M.L., N.J.B., C.A.S.) and Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Chang Yu
- Departments of Medicine (C.E.R., J.L.G., J.M.L., N.J.B., C.A.S.) and Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jorge L Gamboa
- Departments of Medicine (C.E.R., J.L.G., J.M.L., N.J.B., C.A.S.) and Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - James M Luther
- Departments of Medicine (C.E.R., J.L.G., J.M.L., N.J.B., C.A.S.) and Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Departments of Medicine (C.E.R., J.L.G., J.M.L., N.J.B., C.A.S.) and Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Cyndya A Shibao
- Departments of Medicine (C.E.R., J.L.G., J.M.L., N.J.B., C.A.S.) and Biostatistics (H.N., C.Y.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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97
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Liu Y, Zhang J. Nox2 contributes to cardiac fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy in a transforming growth factor-β dependent manner. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:10908-10914. [PMID: 26617806 PMCID: PMC4637621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of Nox2 on cardiac fibrosis and to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of Nox2 in the development of DCM. METHODS We established normal and insulin-resistant cellular model using neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. Then Nox2-specific siRNA were transfected into cardiac fibroblasts with Lipofectamine ® 2000 and crambled siRNA sequence was considered as control. Meanwhile, a part of cells were randomly selected to be treated with or without transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were respectively performed to determine the expression level of related molecules, such as Nox2, collagen type I and III (COL I and III) and PI3K/AKT and PKC/Rho signaling pathway-related proteins. RESULTS TGF-β stimulation significantly increased the expression level of Nox2 both in mRNA and protein levels. Suppression of the Nox2 markedly decreased the expression of COL I and COL III in normal and insulin-resistant cellular model with TGF-β stimulation. Moreover, suppression of the Nox2 significantly decreased the expression of PI3K/AKT and PKC/Rho signaling pathway-related proteins in insulin-resistant cellular model with TGF-β stimulation. However, suppression of Nox2 had no effects on these proteins without TGF-β stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our finding reveals that Nox2 may promote synthesis of COL I and III via involved in PI3K/AKT and PKC/Rho signaling pathway in a TGF-β dependent manner and consequently promote cardiac fibrosis in the development of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Liu
- Department of Health Care, The Forth People’s Hospital of Jinan CityJinan 250031, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Binzhou City Central HospitalBinzhou 251700, China
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98
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Kelley DE, Goodpaster BH. Stewing in Not-So-Good Juices: Interactions of Skeletal Muscle With Adipose Secretions. Diabetes 2015; 64:3055-7. [PMID: 26294424 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David E Kelley
- CardioMetabolic Diseases, Early Development and Discovery Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- The Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
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99
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Hjorth M, Norheim F, Meen AJ, Pourteymour S, Lee S, Holen T, Jensen J, Birkeland KI, Martinov VN, Langleite TM, Eckardt K, Drevon CA, Kolset SO. The effect of acute and long-term physical activity on extracellular matrix and serglycin in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12473. [PMID: 26290530 PMCID: PMC4562559 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM), including regulation of proteoglycans in skeletal muscle can be important for physiological adaptation to exercise. To investigate the effects of acute and long-term exercise on the expression of ECM-related genes and proteoglycans in particular, 26 middle-aged, sedentary men underwent a 12 weeks supervised endurance and strength training intervention and two acute, 45 min bicycle tests (70% VO2max), one at baseline and one after 12 weeks of training. Total gene expression in biopsies from m. vastus lateralis was measured with deep mRNA sequencing. After 45 min of bicycling approximately 550 gene transcripts were >50% upregulated. Of these, 28 genes (5%) were directly related to ECM. In response to long-term exercise of 12 weeks 289 genes exhibited enhanced expression (>50%) and 20% of them were ECM related. Further analyses of proteoglycan mRNA expression revealed that more than half of the proteoglycans expressed in muscle were significantly enhanced after 12 weeks intervention. The proteoglycan serglycin (SRGN) has not been studied in skeletal muscle and was one of few proteoglycans that showed increased expression after acute (2.2-fold, P < 0.001) as well as long-term exercise (1.4-fold, P < 0.001). Cultured, primary human skeletal muscle cells expressed and secreted SRGN. When the expression of SRGN was knocked down, the expression and secretion of serpin E1 (SERPINE1) increased. In conclusion, acute and especially long-term exercise promotes enhanced expression of several ECM components and proteoglycans. SRGN is a novel exercise-regulated proteoglycan in skeletal muscle with a potential role in exercise adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astri J Meen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shirin Pourteymour
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Holen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vladimir N Martinov
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgrim M Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Eckardt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein O Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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100
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Galimov A, Hartung A, Trepp R, Mader A, Flück M, Linke A, Blüher M, Christ E, Krützfeldt J. Growth hormone replacement therapy regulates microRNA-29a and targets involved in insulin resistance. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015. [PMID: 26199111 PMCID: PMC4661224 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Replacement of growth hormone (GH) in patients suffering from GH deficiency (GHD) offers clinical benefits on body composition, exercise capacity, and skeletal integrity. However, GH replacement therapy (GHRT) is also associated with insulin resistance, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We demonstrate that in GH-deficient mice (growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (Ghrhr)lit/lit), insulin resistance after GHRT involves the upregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the downregulation of microRNA miR-29a in skeletal muscle. Based on RNA deep sequencing of skeletal muscle from GH-treated Ghrhrlit/lit mice, we identified several upregulated genes as predicted miR-29a targets that are negative regulators of insulin signaling or profibrotic/proinflammatory components of the ECM. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, five of these genes were confirmed as endogenous targets of miR-29a in human myotubes (PTEN, COL3A1, FSTL1, SERPINH1, SPARC). In addition, in human myotubes, IGF1, but not GH, downregulated miR-29a expression and upregulated COL3A1. These results were confirmed in a group of GH-deficient patients after 4 months of GHRT. Serum IGF1 increased, skeletal muscle miR-29a decreased, and miR-29a targets were upregulated in patients with a reduced insulin response (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) after GHRT. We conclude that miR-29a could contribute to the metabolic response of muscle tissue to GHRT by regulating ECM components and PTEN. miR-29a and its targets might be valuable biomarkers for muscle metabolism following GH replacement. Key messages GHRT most significantly affects the ECM cluster in skeletal muscle from mice. GHRT downregulates miR-29a and upregulates miR-29a targets in skeletal muscle from mice. PTEN, COL3A1, FSTL1, SERPINH1, and SPARC are endogenous miR-29a targets in human myotubes. IGF1 decreases miR-29a levels in human myotubes. miR-29a and its targets are regulated during GHRT in skeletal muscle from humans.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00109-015-1322-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Galimov
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Competence Center Personalized Medicine, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Hartung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Trepp
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Bern Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mader
- Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Linke
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emanuel Christ
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Bern Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krützfeldt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Competence Center Personalized Medicine, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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