51
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Kim TL, Lim H, Denison MIJ, Oh C. Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis Reveals Genes Associated with Drought Stress Responses in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3238. [PMID: 37765403 PMCID: PMC10535988 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress affects plant productivity by altering plant responses at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels. In this study, we identified physiological and genetic responses in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa hybrid clones 72-30 and 72-31 after 12 days of exposure to drought treatment. After 12 days of drought treatment, glucose, fructose, and sucrose levels were significantly increased in clone 72-30 under drought stress. The Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm values in both clones also decreased under drought stress. The changes in proline, malondialdehyde, and H2O2 levels were significant and more pronounced in clone 72-30 than in clone 72-31. The activities of antioxidant-related enzymes, such as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, were significantly higher in the 72-31 clone. To identify drought-related genes, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis in P. alba × P. glandulosa leaves exposed to drought stress. We found 883 up-regulated and 305 down-regulated genes in the 72-30 clone and 279 and 303 in the 72-31 clone, respectively. These differentially expressed genes were mainly in synthetic pathways related to proline, abscisic acid, and antioxidants. Overall, clone 72-31 showed better drought tolerance than clone 72-30 under drought stress, and genetic changes also showed different patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Lim Kim
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea; (T.-L.K.); (C.O.)
| | - Hyemin Lim
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea; (T.-L.K.); (C.O.)
| | | | - Changyoung Oh
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea; (T.-L.K.); (C.O.)
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52
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Wang C, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Wang C, He M. Stealth microplastics pollutants: Toxicological evaluation of polyethylene terephthalate-based glitters on the microalga Desmodesmus sp. and its color effect. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95975-95987. [PMID: 37558916 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate-based glitters (PET glitters) are a potential source of primary microplastics in the environment. However, the bioeffects of PET glitters and the associated leachates remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the individual and combined toxicity of five colors (silver, black, red, green, and blue) of PET glitters and their corresponding leachates on the cellular responses of Desmodesmus sp. The results indicated that the photosynthesis of Desmodesmus sp. could be partly affected by PET glitters through the shading effect, but not that of growth. Conversely, the leachates of red and green PET glitters significantly inhibited the growth of the microalga, suggesting a higher risk associated with additives leached from these colors of PET glitters. Furthermore, the adverse effects of the co-occurrence of PET glitters and leachates were closely related to oxidative stress responses in the microalgal cells, along with a color effect, which could be mainly attributed to variations in the composition and abundance of toxic additives in different colors of PET glitters. Overall, our findings provide insights into the ecological risks posed by glitters in aquatic environments and emphasize the importance of considering color factors in assessing microplastics toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Meilin He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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53
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Naamala J, Subramanian S, Msimbira LA, Smith DL. Effect of NaCl stress on exoproteome profiles of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EB2003A and Lactobacillus helveticus EL2006H. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1206152. [PMID: 37700863 PMCID: PMC10493332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1206152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress can affect survival, multiplication and ability of plant growth promoting microorganisms to enhance plant growth. Changes in a microbe's proteome profile is one of the mechanisms employed by PGPM to enhance tolerance of salt stress. This study was focused on understanding changes in the exoproteome profile of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens EB2003A and Lactobacillus helveticus EL2006H when exposed to salt stress. The strains were cultured in 100 mL M13 (B. amyloliquefaciens) and 100 mL De man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) (L. helveticus) media, supplemented with 200 and 0 mM NaCl (control), at pH 7.0. The strains were then incubated for 48 h (late exponential growth phase), at 120 rpm and 30 (B. amyloliquefaciens) and 37 (L. helveticus) °C. The microbial cultures were then centrifuged and filtered sterilized, to obtain cell free supernatants whose proteome profiles were studied using LC-MS/MS analysis and quantified using scaffold. Results of the study revealed that treatment with 200 mM NaCl negatively affected the quantity of identified proteins in comparison to the control, for both strains. There was upregulation and downregulation of some proteins, even up to 100%, which resulted in identification of proteins significantly unique between the control or 200 mM NaCl (p ≤ 0.05), for both microbial species. Proteins unique to 200 mM NaCl were mostly those involved in cell wall metabolism, substrate transport, oxidative stress tolerance, gene expression and DNA replication and repair. Some of the identified unique proteins have also been reported to enhance plant growth. In conclusion, based on the results of the work described here, PGPM alter their exoproteome profile when exposed to salt stress, potentially upregulating proteins that enhance their tolerance to this stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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54
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Mansoor S, Ali A, Kour N, Bornhorst J, AlHarbi K, Rinklebe J, Abd El Moneim D, Ahmad P, Chung YS. Heavy Metal Induced Oxidative Stress Mitigation and ROS Scavenging in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3003. [PMID: 37631213 PMCID: PMC10459657 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Although trace elements are essential for life, environmental contamination due to metal accumulation and overuse in various sectors, such as healthcare, agriculture, industry, and cosmetics, poses significant health concerns. Exposure of plants to heavy metals leads to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to their ability to change mitochondrial membrane permeability and restrict the action of ROS clearance enzymes in the cellular antioxidant system. The interaction of ROS with cellular membranes, heavy-metal-induced interactions directly or indirectly with different macromolecules, and signaling pathways leads to the accumulation of environmental pollutants and oxidative stress in exposed organisms. The heavy metal-ROS-cell signaling axis affects various pathological processes such as ATP depletion, excess ROS production, mitochondrial respiratory chain damage, decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial death. This review focuses on discussing the toxic effects of different heavy metals on plants, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, its consequences, and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Asif Ali
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK;
| | - Navneet Kour
- Division of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Trace Age-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Khadiga AlHarbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Diaa Abd El Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt;
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
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55
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Alyahya N, Taybi T. Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals differentially expressed genes and important related metabolic pathways in shoots and roots of a Saudi wheat cultivar (Najran) under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225541. [PMID: 37588415 PMCID: PMC10425591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
High salinity of soil is a threatening constraint for agricultural output worldwide. The adverse effects of salt stress on plants can be revealed in different manners, from phenotypic to genetic changes. A comparative RNA-Sequencing analysis was done in roots and shoots of bread wheat, Najran cultivar between plants grown under unstressed control condition (0 mM NaCl) and salt treatment (200 mM NaCl). More than 135 million and 137 million pair-end reads were obtained from root and shoot samples, respectively. Of which, the mapped reads to Triticum aestivum genome IWGSC_V51 ranged from 83.9% to 85% in the root and 71.6% to 79% in the shoot. Interestingly, a comparison of transcriptomic profiling identified that total number of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) examined in the roots was much higher than that found in the shoots under NaCl treatment, 5829 genes were differentially expressed in the roots whereas 3495 genes in the shoots. The salt-induced change in the transcriptome was confirmed by RT-qPCR using a set of randomly selected genes. KEGG enrichment analysis classified all DEGs in both roots and shoots into 25 enriched KEGG pathways from three main KEGG classes: Metabolism, organismal systems and genetic information processing. According to that, the most significantly regulated pathways in the root and shoot tissues were glutathione metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and galactose metabolism suggesting that these pathways might participate in wheat salt tolerance. The findings highlight the importance of the control of oxidative stress via Glutathione and phenylpropanoids and the regulation of galactose metabolism in the roots and shoots for salt-tolerance in wheat. They open promising prospects for engineering salt-tolerance in this important crop via targeted improvement of the regulation of key genes in the production of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alyahya
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahar Taybi
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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56
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Zhao W, Song J, Wang M, Chen X, Du B, An Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Guo C. Alfalfa MsATG13 Confers Cold Stress Tolerance to Plants by Promoting Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12033. [PMID: 37569409 PMCID: PMC10418659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular process that functions in the maintenance of physiological and metabolic balance. It has previously been demonstrated to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Numerous autophagy-related genes (ATGs) that regulate abiotic stress have been identified, but there have been few functional studies showing how ATGs confer cold stress tolerance. The cold transcriptome data of the crown buds that experienced overwintering of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) showed that MsATG13 is upregulated in response to cold stress. In the present study, we found that MsATG13 transgenic tobacco enhanced cold tolerance compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that transgenic tobacco overexpressing MsATG13 formed more autophagosomes than WT plants in response to cold stress conditions. The transgenic tobacco increased autophagy levels due to upregulation of other ATGs that were necessary for autophagosome production under cold stress conditions. MsATG13 transgenic tobacco also increased the proline contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, enhancing the antioxidant defense capabilities under cold stress conditions. Furthermore, MsATG13 overexpression decreased levels of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide under cold stress conditions. These findings demonstrate the role of MsATG13 in enhancing plant cold tolerance through modulation of autophagy and antioxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, No. 1 of Shida Road, Limin Development Zone, Harbin 150025, China
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57
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Chakraborty P, Biswas A, Dey S, Bhattacharjee T, Chakrabarty S. Cytochrome P450 Gene Families: Role in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production and Plant Defense. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:402-423. [PMID: 37606423 PMCID: PMC10443375 DOI: 10.3390/jox13030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the most prominent family of enzymes involved in NADPH- and O2-dependent hydroxylation processes throughout all spheres of life. CYPs are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics in plants, insects, and other organisms. In addition to performing this function, CYPs serve as flexible catalysts and are essential for producing secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses frequently affect the growth and development of plants. They cause a dramatic decrease in crop yield and a deterioration in crop quality. Plants protect themselves against these stresses through different mechanisms, which are accomplished by the active participation of CYPs in several biosynthetic and detoxifying pathways. There are immense potentialities for using CYPs as a candidate for developing agricultural crop species resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. This review provides an overview of the plant CYP families and their functions to plant secondary metabolite production and defense against different biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Ashok Biswas
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Dey
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Swapan Chakrabarty
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- College of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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58
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Włodarczyk K, Smolińska B, Majak I. The Antioxidant Potential of Tomato Plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) under Nano-ZnO Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11833. [PMID: 37511592 PMCID: PMC10380518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most valuable horticulture crops, consumed in both its raw and processed forms. To increase yield and efficiency, conventional and organic fertilizers are utilized in modern agriculture. Traditional fertilizers increase crop yield but are harmful to the environment. These circumstances motivate the pursuit of an alternate solution. The purpose of this research was to investigate how the application of nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) combined with conventional fertilizer influence tomato plants' development, including the antioxidant potential of cultivated plants. Three factors such as different types of cultivars, dosage of applied nano-ZnO solution and the method of nanoparticles application were implemented. Multiple analysis of selected antioxidants content and their activities such as malondialdehyde (MDA), flavonoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid, peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase (CAT) were analyzed. The obtained data exhibited that all examined parameters were strongly dependent on three implemented factors: concentration of nano-ZnO suspension, the type of cultivated tomato and the method of nanoparticles application. For instance, the accumulation of MDA in cultivated plants was different among plants under nanoparticles treatment, but in one specific case (Malinowy Bossman cultivar treated with 50 mg/L nano-ZnO suspension) the content of this marker was decreased by 34% in comparison to the corresponding control. Nevertheless, the results presented in this study showed that the usage of certain doses of nano-ZnO suspension may increase the antioxidant potential of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Włodarczyk
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Smolińska
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Majak
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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59
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Wang W, Cheng Y, Ruan M, Ye Q, Yao Z, Wang R, Zhou G, Liu D, Wan H. Comprehensive identification of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene family in response to abiotic stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Gene 2023:147625. [PMID: 37433355 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutathione peroxidase (GPX) plays an important role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis and in the antioxidant response in plants. In this study, the peroxidase (GPX) gene family was identified in the whole genome of pepper using bioinformatic method. As a result, a total of 5 CaGPX genes were identified, which were unevenly distributed on 3 of the 12 chromosomes of pepper genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, 89 GPX genes in 17 species from lower plants to higher plants can be divided into 4 groups GroupⅠ, Group Ⅱ, Group Ⅲ, Group Ⅳ). The MEME Suite analysis of GPX proteins shows that all these proteins contain four highly conserved motifs, as well as other conserved sequences and amino acid residues. Gene structure analysis revealed the conservative exon-intron organization pattern of these genes. In the promoter region of CaGPX genes, many cis elements of plant hormone and abiotic stress response were identified in each of CaGPX proteins. In addition, expression patterns of CaGPX genes in different tissues, developmental stages and responses to abiotic stress were also performed. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the transcripts of CaGPX genes varied greatly under abiotic stress at different time points. There results suggest that the GPX gene family of pepper may play a role in plant development andstress response. In conclusion, our research provides new insights into the evolution of pepper GPX gene family, and understanding for functional of these genes in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Meiying Ruan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qingjing Ye
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhuping Yao
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Rongqing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guozhi Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Hongjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; China-Australia Research Centre for Crop Improvement, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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60
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Mustafa A, Zulfiqar U, Mumtaz MZ, Radziemska M, Haider FU, Holatko J, Hammershmiedt T, Naveed M, Ali H, Kintl A, Saeed Q, Kucerik J, Brtnicky M. Nickel (Ni) phytotoxicity and detoxification mechanisms: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138574. [PMID: 37019403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Scientists studying the environment, physiology, and biology have been particularly interested in nickel (Ni) because of its dual effects (essentiality and toxicity) on terrestrial biota. It has been reported in some studies that without an adequate supply of Ni, plants are unable to finish their life cycle. The safest Ni limit for plants is 1.5 μg g-1, while the limit for soil is between 75 and 150 μg g-1. Ni at lethal levels harms plants by interfering with a variety of physiological functions, including enzyme activity, root development, photosynthesis, and mineral uptake. This review focuses on the occurrence and phytotoxicity of Ni with respect to growth, physiological and biochemical aspects. It also delves into advanced Ni detoxification mechanisms such as cellular modifications, organic acids, and chelation of Ni by plant roots, and emphasizes the role of genes involved in Ni detoxification. The discussion has been carried out on the current state of using soil amendments and plant-microbe interactions to successfully remediate Ni from contaminated sites. This review has identified potential drawbacks and difficulties of various strategies for Ni remediation, discussed the importance of these findings for environmental authorities and decision-makers, and concluded by noting the sustainability concerns and future research needs regarding Ni remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, CZ12800, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Main Campus, Defense Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maja Radziemska
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska,02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Vyzkumniku 267, 788 13, Rapotin, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hammershmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic; Agricultural Research, Ltd., 664 4, Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Qudsia Saeed
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic.
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61
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Kim M, Jang H, Kim W, Kim D, Park JH. Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Antioxidants for Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1286. [PMID: 37372016 PMCID: PMC10295733 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) composed of a lipid bilayer are released from various cell types, including animals, plants, and microorganisms, and serve as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication. EVs can perform a variety of biological functions through the delivery of bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, and can also be utilized as carriers for drug delivery. However, the low productivity and high cost of mammalian-derived EVs (MDEVs) are major barriers to their practical clinical application where large-scale production is essential. Recently, there has been growing interest in plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) that can produce large amounts of electricity at a low cost. In particular, PDEVs contain plant-derived bioactive molecules such as antioxidants, which are used as therapeutic agents to treat various diseases. In this review, we discuss the composition and characteristics of PDEVs and the appropriate methods for their isolation. We also discuss the potential use of PDEVs containing various plant-derived antioxidants as replacements for conventional antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (H.J.); (W.K.); (D.K.)
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Bhardwaj R, Lone JK, Pandey R, Mondal N, Dhandapani R, Meena SK, Khan S. Insights into morphological and physio-biochemical adaptive responses in mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.) under heat stress. Front Genet 2023; 14:1206451. [PMID: 37396038 PMCID: PMC10308031 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1206451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an important food legume crop which contributes significantly to nutritional and food security of South and Southeast Asia. The crop thrives in hot and humid weather conditions, with an optimal temperature range of 28°-35°C, and is mainly cultivated under rainfed environments. However, the rising global temperature has posed a serious threat to mungbean cultivation. Optimal temperature is a vital factor in cellular processes, and every crop species has evolved with its specific temperature tolerance ability. Moreover, variation within a crop species is inevitable, given the diverse environmental conditions under which it has evolved. For instance, various mungbean germplasm can grow and produce seeds in extreme ambient temperatures as low as 20°C or as high as 45°C. This range of variation in mungbean germplasm for heat tolerance plays a crucial role in developing heat tolerant and high yielding mungbean cultivars. However, heat tolerance is a complex mechanism which is extensively discussed in this manuscript; and at the same time individual genotypes have evolved with various ways of heat stress tolerance. Therefore, to enhance understanding towards such variability in mungbean germplasm, we studied morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical traits which are responsive to heat stress in plants with more relevance to mungbean. Understanding heat stress tolerance attributing traits will help in identification of corresponding regulatory networks and associated genes, which will further help in devising suitable strategies to enhance heat tolerance in mungbean. The major pathways responsible for heat stress tolerance in plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Bhardwaj
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith University, Tonk Rajasthan, India
| | - Jafar K Lone
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Nupur Mondal
- Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - R Dhandapani
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Meena
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | - Suphiya Khan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith University, Tonk Rajasthan, India
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Mishra N, Jiang C, Chen L, Paul A, Chatterjee A, Shen G. Achieving abiotic stress tolerance in plants through antioxidative defense mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110622. [PMID: 37332720 PMCID: PMC10272748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has increased the overall impact of abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures on plants. Abiotic stress adversely affects the growth, development, crop yield, and productivity of plants. When plants are subjected to various environmental stress conditions, the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and its detoxification through antioxidant mechanisms is disturbed. The extent of disturbance depends on the severity, intensity, and duration of abiotic stress. The equilibrium between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species is maintained due to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense mechanisms. Non-enzymatic antioxidants include both lipid-soluble (α-tocopherol and β-carotene) and water-soluble (glutathione, ascorbate, etc.) antioxidants. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) are major enzymatic antioxidants that are essential for ROS homeostasis. In this review, we intend to discuss various antioxidative defense approaches used to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants and the mechanism of action of the genes or enzymes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s University, Bangalore, KA, India
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Guoxin Shen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Akachukwu D, Anyiam PN, Okafor PN, Ibegbulem C, Ijeh II. Soil Enzymes and Antioxidants Activities of Edible Vegetables Grown in Soils Polluted by Gas Flaring. Trop Life Sci Res 2023; 34:21-37. [PMID: 38144379 PMCID: PMC10735262 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Associated gas flaring has several consequences on the environment. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of gas flaring on soil enzymes and plant antioxidant activities from gas flare-bearing communities in Nigeria. Soil and plant samples were obtained from farmlands in Ukwa West and Izombe gas flaring sites, as well as unpolluted site from Olokoro (used as control). The level of activities of soil urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatases, plant antioxidant enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of selected plants (Gnetum africanum [GA], Piper guineense [PG], Gongronema latifolium [GL], Pterocarpus mildbraedii [PM]) were evaluated using standard methods. The results showed that the activities of urease were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in soil from Ukwa site than Izombe and the control soil. Dehydrogenase (DHA) and phosphatases recorded higher activities (P < 0.05) for Izombe soil than in Ukwa compared with the control. For plants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) recorded a significant (P < 0.05) higher activities in all the plants assayed from Ukwa site than Izombe and the control site. The activities of GPx from GA and PG plants at Izombe site were not significant (P > 0.05) when compared with the control, except for PM and GL which recorded a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in GPX and SOD activities, respectively. The activities of catalase enzyme also decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in all plants grown at Ukwa, while an increase was seen for GA and PM grown at Izombe compared with control. The overall variability in enzymes activities is an indication that soil ecosystem and plants are altered significantly by the stress load from the gas flaring pollutants which could serve as bio-indicators for assessing ecological risks and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Akachukwu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Paul Ndubuisi Anyiam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Polycarp Nnacheta Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Chiedozie Ibegbulem
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Irene Ijeh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
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González F, Santander C, Ruiz A, Pérez R, Moreira J, Vidal G, Aroca R, Santos C, Cornejo P. Inoculation with Actinobacteria spp. Isolated from a Hyper-Arid Environment Enhances Tolerance to Salinity in Lettuce Plants ( Lactuca sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2018. [PMID: 37653935 PMCID: PMC10222102 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Irrigated agriculture is responsible for a third of global agricultural production, but the overuse of water resources and intensification of farming practices threaten its sustainability. The use of saline water in irrigation has become an alternative in areas subjected to frequent drought, but this practice affects plant growth due to osmotic impact and excess of ions. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can mitigate the negative impacts of salinity and other abiotic factors on crop yields. Actinobacteria from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert could increase the plant tolerance to salinity, allowing their use as biofertilizers for lettuce crops using waters with high salt contents. In this work, rhizosphere samples of halophytic Metharme lanata were obtained from Atacama Desert, and actinobacteria were isolated and identified by 16S gene sequencing. The PGPR activities of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and the production of siderophore and auxin were assessed at increasing concentrations of NaCl, as well as the enhancement of salt tolerance in lettuce plants irrigated with 100 mM of NaCl. Photosynthesis activity and chlorophyll content, proline content, lipid peroxidation, cation and P concentration, and the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds were assessed. The strains S. niveoruber ATMLC132021 and S. lienomycini ATMLC122021 were positive for nitrogen fixation and P solubilization activities and produced auxin up to 200 mM NaCl. In lettuce plants, both strains were able to improve salt stress tolerance by increasing proline contents, carotenoids, chlorophyll, water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (gs), and net photosynthesis (A), concomitantly with the overproduction of the phenolic compound dicaffeoylquinic acid. All these traits were positively correlated with the biomass production under saltwater irrigation, suggesting its possible use as bioinoculants for the agriculture in areas where the water resources are scarce and usually with high salt concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe González
- Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Santander
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070411, Chile;
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Jorge Moreira
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería Ambiental y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070411, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cledir Santos
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile
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Wang L, Zheng J, Zhou G, Li J, Qian C, Lin G, Li Y, Zuo Q. Moderate nitrogen application improved salt tolerance by enhancing photosynthesis, antioxidants, and osmotic adjustment in rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1196319. [PMID: 37255564 PMCID: PMC10225559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1196319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major adverse environmental factor limiting plant growth. Nitrogen (N) application is an effective strategy to alleviate the negative effects of salt stress on plants. To improve the knowledge of the mechanism of N application on alleviating salt stress on rapeseed seedlings, a pot experiment was conducted with four N application treatments (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g N kg-1 soil, referred to as N0, N1, N2, and N3, respectively) and exposed to non-salt stress (0 g NaCl kg-1 soil, referred to as S0) and salt stress (3 g NaCl kg-1 soil, referred to as S1) conditions. The results indicated that in comparison with non-salt stress, salt stress increased the Na content (236.53%) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (30.26%), resulting in cell membrane lipid peroxidation characterized by an increased content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (122.32%) and suppressed photosynthetic rate (15.59%), finally leading to inhibited plant growth such as shorter plant height, thinner root neck, lower leaf area, and decreased dry weight. N application improved the plant growth, and the improvement by N application under salt stress was stronger than that under non-salt stress, suggesting that rapeseed seedlings exposed to salt stress are more sensitive to N application and require N to support their growth. Moreover, seedlings exposed to salt stress under N application showed lower ROS accumulation; increased photosynthesis; higher antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbic acid (AsA); and greater accumulation of osmotic substances including soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline, as compared with seedlings without N application. In particular, the best improvement by N application under salt stress occurred at the N2 level, while too high N application could weaken the improvement due to inhibited N metabolism. In summary, this study suggests that moderate N application can improve photosynthesis, antioxidants, and osmoregulation to alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingdong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Cai Z, Fu M, Yao Y, Chen Y, Song H, Zhang S. Differences in phytohormone and flavonoid metabolism explain the sex differences in responses of Salix rehderiana to drought and nitrogen deposition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:534-553. [PMID: 36790349 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to global warming and the increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, plants experience drought and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, little is known about the acclimation to drought and N deposition of Salix species, which are dioecious woody plants. Here, an investigation into foliar N deposition combined with drought was conducted by assessing integrated phenotypes, phytohormones, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of male and female Salix rehderiana. The results indicated that there was greater transcriptional regulation in males than in females. Foliar N deposition induced an increase in foliar abscisic acid (ABA) levels in males, resulting in the inhibition of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, carbon (C) and N accumulation, and growth, whereas more N was assimilated in females. Growth as well as C and N accumulation in drought-stressed S. rehderiana females increased after N deposition. Interestingly, drought decreased flavonoid biosynthesis whereas N deposition increased it in females. Both drought and N deposition increased flavonoid methylation in males and glycosylation in females. However, in drought-exposed S. rehderiana, N deposition increased the biosynthesis and glycosylation of flavonoids in females but decreased glycosylation in males. Therefore, foliar N deposition affects the growth and drought tolerance of S. rehderiana by altering the foliar ABA levels and the biosynthesis and modification of flavonoids. This work provides a basis for understanding how S. rehderiana may acclimate to N deposition and drought in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Habuš Jerčić I, Bošnjak Mihovilović A, Matković Stanković A, Lazarević B, Goreta Ban S, Ban D, Major N, Tomaz I, Banjavčić Z, Kereša S. Garlic Ecotypes Utilise Different Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms to Cope with Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091824. [PMID: 37176881 PMCID: PMC10180593 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought negatively affects plants by altering morphological, physiological and metabolic processes and ultimately reducing yields. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), an important member of the Alliaceae family, is also sensitive to drought and maximizing the yield of garlic bulbs is largely dependent on water availability. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought stress on morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as on phenolic, sugar, inulin and free amino acid content and antioxidant activity in two Croatian garlic ecotypes, 'Istarski crveni' (IC) and Istarski bijeli (IB). Drought was induced by using polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) solution (-0.6 MPa) starting 21 days after clove planting and lasted for 20 days. Drought reduced plant height, number of leaves and plant weight, but increased root length in both ecotypes compared to the control treatment. Among the physiological parameters, significant differences were observed between the two ecotypes studied in the spectral characteristics of the leaves, namely reflection in red, green and blue, VAL, values of the vegetation indices related to the chlorophyll content (CHI, GI), and the anthocyanin content (ARI). Ecotype IC showed higher antioxidant activity in the control treatment due to higher total phenolic content (TPC), but under drought conditions higher DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined in ecotype IB and higher values of FRAP in IC. Sucrose and glucose generally decreased under drought, while inulin increased in IB but decreased in IC. Total free amino acid content increased under drought in both ecotypes. In conclusion, drought tolerance of IB might be associated with increased accumulation of inulin and higher levels of amino acids, especially those shown to contribute to drought resistance. In IC, drought tolerance is associated with an increase in some amino acid compounds and better root growth in depth, probably due to a more efficient translocation of sucrose to the underground part of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Habuš Jerčić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Bošnjak Mihovilović
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Matković Stanković
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Dean Ban
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Nikola Major
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Banjavčić
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kereša
- Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Ďúranová H, Šimora V, Ďurišová Ľ, Olexiková L, Kovár M, Požgajová M. Modifications in Ultrastructural Characteristics and Redox Status of Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1666. [PMID: 37111889 PMCID: PMC10144148 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The rate of global environmental change is unprecedented, with climate change causing an increase in the oscillation and intensification of various abiotic stress factors that have negative impacts on crop production. This issue has become an alarming global concern, especially for countries already facing the threat of food insecurity. Abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and metal (nanoparticle) toxicities, are recognized as major constraints in agriculture, and are closely associated with the crop yield penalty and losses in food supply. In order to combat abiotic stress, it is important to understand how plant organs adapt to changing conditions, as this can help produce more stress-resistant or stress-tolerant plants. The investigation of plant tissue ultrastructure and subcellular components can provide valuable insights into plant responses to abiotic stress-related stimuli. In particular, the columella cells (statocytes) of the root cap exhibit a unique architecture that is easily recognizable under a transmission electron microscope, making them a useful experimental model for ultrastructural observations. In combination with the assessment of plant oxidative/antioxidative status, both approaches can shed more light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in plant adaptation to environmental cues. This review summarizes life-threatening factors of the changing environment that lead to stress-related damage to plants, with an emphasis on their subcellular components. Additionally, selected plant responses to such conditions in the context of their ability to adapt and survive in a challenging environment are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ďúranová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Veronika Šimora
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Ľuba Ďurišová
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (Ľ.Ď.); (M.K.)
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia;
| | - Marek Kovár
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (Ľ.Ď.); (M.K.)
| | - Miroslava Požgajová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Hasanuzzaman M, Barker J, Liu G, Li Y, Mokhberdoran F. Insight into the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of nanoparticles-induced arsenic tolerance in bamboo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1121886. [PMID: 37063222 PMCID: PMC10102603 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arsenic (As) contamination in soil, sediments, and water poses a significant threat to the growth of bamboo plants. However, nanoparticles with high metal absorbance capacity can play a key role in the reduction of heavy metals toxicity in plants as well as maintaining their growth under toxicity. METHODS Hence, an in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the influence of three types of nanoparticles: 150 µM silicon nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), 150 µM titanium nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and 150 µM zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on As (150 µM and 250 µM) tolerance enhancement of a one-year-old bamboo species (Pleioblastus pygmaeus). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results showed that while As at 150 µM and 250 µM significantly disrupted the plant growth by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) components, and inducing cell membrane peroxidation, the addition of NPs increased both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, upregulated glyoxalase defense system, and improved gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic pigments content, leading to the enhanced plant shoot and root dry weight. These were achieved by lowering levels of ROS, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the superoxide radical ( O 2 • - ), as well as decreasing As accumulation in the plant organs. Thus, it might be concluded that ZnO NPs, SiO2NPs, and TiO2NPS alone or in combination can significantly increase the bamboo plant tolerance to As toxicity via key mechanisms, including induction of various antioxidants and glyoxalase defense systems, scavenging of ROS and methylglyoxal (MG), increasing phytochelatins production, reduction of As accumulation and translocation, and improving photosynthetic pigments under As toxicity. Additionally, the results showed that the combined application of 150 µM ZnO NPs, SiO2 NPs, and TiO2 NPs had the greatest effect on enhancing the plant tolerance to As at 150 µM and 250 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghassem Emamverdian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Guohua Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Farzad Mokhberdoran
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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71
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Duan M, Yan R, Wang Q, Zhou B, Zhu H, Liu G, Guo X, Zhang Z. Integrated microbiological and metabolomics analyses to understand the mechanism that allows modified biochar to affect the alkalinity of saline soil and winter wheat growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161330. [PMID: 36603639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanism that allows modified biochar (BC) to enhance the salt tolerance and growth of crops in saline-alkali soil, we tested the effects of ordinary BC, nanoparticle-size BC, acidified BC (HBC), and acidified nanoparticle-size BC on winter wheat growth and the soil properties by combining microbiological and metabolomics analyses. The results showed that compared with the control with no BC, the plant height increased by 17.33 % under HBC and the proportion of large soil aggregates increased by 1.25-2.83 times. HBC increased the relative abundances of some dominant genera of bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus) and fungi (e.g., Mycothermus), as well as functions such as bacterial metabolic genetic information processing and cellular processes, and reduced the abundance of pathotrophic fungi. Metabolomics analysis showed that HBC upregulated various metabolites (including amino acids and their derivatives, lipids, flavonoids, and organic acids) and five main metabolic pathways. Among the KEGG pathways, the pyrimidine metabolism pathway was significantly upregulated, as well as crop leaf metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism, and the antioxidant levels and resistance to salt-alkali stress were enhanced in winter wheat leaves. Partial least squares-path modeling suggested that HBC affected the growth of winter wheat by significantly changing the soil physicochemical properties and microbial structure (path coefficients of 0.566 and 0.512, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Rupan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Quanjiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Guohuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zhenshi Zhang
- Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited Power China, Xi'an 710065, China
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72
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Deng P, Cao C, Shi X, Jiang Q, Ge J, Shen L, Guo C, Jiang L, Jing W, Zhang W. OsCYBDOMG1, a cytochrome b561 domain-containing protein, regulates salt tolerance and grain yield in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:76. [PMID: 36952142 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OsCYBDOMG1 positively regulates salt tolerance, plant growth, and grain yield by affecting ascorbate biosynthesis and redox state. Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting rice growth and productivity. Many genes involved in the salt stress response have been identified, but the precise mechanisms underlying salt tolerance remain unclear. In this study, we isolated a salt-sensitive mutant of rice, rss5, which exhibited more severe wilting and chlorosis with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and shoot Na+ concentration compared to wild-type plants. Map-based cloning, MutMap analysis, and genetic complementation revealed that a single-nucleotide mutation in a gene encoding a cytochrome b561 domain-containing protein (OsCYBDOMG1) was responsible for the mutant phenotype of rss5. The OsCYBDOMG1 gene was mainly expressed in young shoots and nodes, and the encoded protein was principally located in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations of OsCYBDOMG1 resulted in decreased ascorbic acid (AsA) content and AsA/DHA (dehydroascorbate) ratio, which led to increased H2O2 accumulation and reduced salt tolerance. Moreover, plant growth and grain yield of rss5 and the OsCYBDOMG1 knockout mutant (cr-1) were significantly decreased compared to wild-type plants under normal conditions. The elite haplotype of OsCYBDOMG1 associated with higher salt tolerance and grain width and weight was mainly existed in japonica varieties. These results suggest that OsCYBDOMG1 plays an important role in the regulation of salt tolerance, plant growth, and grain yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chengjuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xingyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinjin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Like Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wen Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Gao YF, Jia X, Zhao YH, Ding XY, Zhang CY, Feng XJ. Glomus mosseae improved the adaptability of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) to the coexistence of cadmium-polluted soils and elevated air temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1064732. [PMID: 36968359 PMCID: PMC10033771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1064732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of heavy metal-polluted soils and global warming poses serious threats to plants. Many studies indicate that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance the resistance of plants to adverse environments such as heavy metals and high temperature. However, few studies are carried out to explore the regulation of AMF on the adaptability of plants to the coexistence of heavy metals and elevated temperature (ET). Here, we investigated the regulation of Glomus mosseae on the adaptability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to the coexistence of cadmium (Cd)-polluted soils and ET. G. mosseae significantly enhanced total chlorophyll and carbon (C) content in the shoots by 15.6% and 3.0%, respectively, and Cd, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) uptake by the roots by 63.3%, 28.9%, and 85.2%, respectively, under Cd + ET. G. mosseae significantly increased ascorbate peroxidase activity, peroxidase (POD) gene expression, and soluble proteins content in the shoots by 13.4%, 130.3%, and 33.8%, respectively, and significantly decreased ascorbic acid (AsA), phytochelatins (PCs), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents by 7.4%, 23.2%, and 6.5%, respectively, under ET + Cd. Additionally, G. mosseae colonization led to significant increases in POD (13.0%) and catalase (46.5%) activities, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene expression (33.5%), and MDA (6.6%), glutathione (22.2%), AsA (10.3%), cysteine (101.0%), PCs (13.8%), soluble sugars (17.5%), and proteins (43.4%) contents in the roots and carotenoids (23.2%) under ET + Cd. Cadmium, C, N, G. mosseae colonization rate, and chlorophyll significantly influenced shoots defenses and Cd, C, N, P, G. mosseae colonization rate, and sulfur significantly affected root defenses. In conclusion, G. mosseae obviously improved the defense capacity of alfalfa under ET + Cd. The results could improve our understanding of the regulation of AMF on the adaptability of plants to the coexistence of heavy metals and global warming and phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted sites under global warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-feng Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yong-hua Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chun-yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
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Borim de Souza AJ, Ocampos FMM, Catoia Pulgrossi R, Dokkedal AL, Colnago LA, Cechin I, Saldanha LL. NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals Effects of Water Stress in the Primary and Specialized Metabolisms of Bauhinia ungulata L. (Fabaceae). Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030381. [PMID: 36984821 PMCID: PMC10053921 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia ungulata is a plant used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Phytochemical studies revealed flavonoids and the saccharide pinitol related to hypoglycemic activity of the Bauhinia species. To determine the effects of water deficit on ecophysiological parameter and metabolite fingerprints of B. ungulata, specimens were treated with the following water regimens under greenhouse conditions: daily watering (control), watering every 7 days (group 7D), and watering every 15 days (group 15D). Metabolite profiling of the plants subjected to water deficit was determined by LC-HRMS/MS. An NMR-based metabolomics approach applied to analyze the extracts revealed increased levels of known osmoprotective and bioactive compounds, such as D-pinitol, in the water deficit groups. Physiological parameters were determined by gas exchange in planta analysis. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in gas exchange under severe drought stress, while biomass production was not significantly different between the control and group 7D under moderate stress. Altogether, the results revealed that primary and specialized/secondary metabolism is affected by long periods of severe water scarcity downregulating the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites such as pinitol, and the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol. These results may be useful for guiding agricultural production and standardizing medicinal herb materials of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Catoia Pulgrossi
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Inês Cechin
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (F.M.M.O.); (L.L.S.)
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75
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Yang DY, Zhuang KY, Ma NN. Overexpression of SlGGP-LIKE gene enhanced the resistance of tomato to salt stress. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:625-635. [PMID: 35947214 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing photoinhibition in plants, especially under stress. The function of SlGGP which encodes the key enzyme GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase in AsA synthetic pathway is relatively clear. However, there is another gene SlGGP-LIKE that encodes this enzyme in tomato, and there are few studies on it, especially under salt stress. In this study, we explored the function of this gene in tomato salt stress response using transgenic lines overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE (OE). Under normal conditions, overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE can increase the content of reduced AsA and the ratio of AsA/ DHA (dehydroascorbic acid), as well as the level of xanthophyll cycle. Under salt stress, compared with the wild-type plants (WT), the OE lines can maintain higher levels of reduced AsA. In addition, OE lines also have higher levels of reduced GSH (glutathione) and total GSH, higher ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/oxidative GSH (GSSR), and higher level of xanthophyll cycle. Therefore, the OE lines are more tolerant to salt stress, with higher photosynthetic activity, higher antioxidative enzyme activities, higher content of D1 protein, lower production rate of ROS, and lighter membrane damage. These results indicate that overexpressing SlGGP-LIKE can enhance tomato resistance to salt stress through promoting the synthesis of AsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yue Yang
- Shandong Academy of Grape/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Viticulture and Grape Intensive Processing, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Kun-Yang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Na-Na Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Dai Zong Street, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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76
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Ni L, Wang J, Fang Y, Zhu C, Wizi J, Jiang Z, Du C, Li S, Chen X, Xu J, Su H. An innovative strategy to control Microcystis growth using tea polyphenols sustained-release particles: preparation, characterization, and inhibition mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43113-43125. [PMID: 36648729 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Allelochemicals have been shown to inhibit cyanobacterial blooms for several years. In view of the disadvantages of "direct-added" mode, natural and pollution-free tea polyphenolic allelochemicals with good inhibitory effect on cyanobacteria were selected to prepare sustained-release particles by microcapsule technology. Results showed that the encapsulation efficiency of tea polyphenols sustained-release particles (TPSPs) was 50.6% and the particle size ranged from 700 to 970 nm, which reached the nanoscale under optimum preparation condition. Physical and chemical properties of TPSPs were characterized to prove that tea polyphenols were well encapsulated and the particles had good thermal stability. The optimal dosage of TPSPs was determined to be 0.3 g/L, at which the inhibition rate on Microcystis aeruginosa in logarithmic growth period could be maintained above 95%. Simultaneous decrease in algal density and chlorophyll-a content indicated that the photosynthesis of algal cells was affected leading to cell death. Significant changes of antioxidant enzyme activities suggested that Microcystis aeruginosa's antioxidant systems had been disrupted. Furthermore, TPSPs increased the concentration of O2- which led to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane and a subsequent increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, the protein content, nucleic acid content, and electrical conductivity in culture medium rose significantly indicating the cell membrane was irreversibly damaged. This work can provide a basis for the utilization of environmentally friendly algal suppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yuanyi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chengjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jakpa Wizi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhiyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cunhao Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- College of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China.
| | - Xuqing Chen
- River and Lake Governance and Water Resources Management Center, Wuxi, 214071, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Xu
- River and Lake Governance and Water Resources Management Center, Wuxi, 214071, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Su
- River and Lake Governance and Water Resources Management Center, Wuxi, 214071, Jiangsu, China
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77
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Saraiva MP, Maia CF, Batista BL, Lobato AKDS. Ionic homeostasis and redox metabolism upregulated by 24-epibrassinolide are crucial for mitigating nickel excess in soybean plants, enhancing photosystem II efficiency and biomass. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:343-355. [PMID: 36484563 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) excess often generates oxidative stress in chloroplasts, causing redox imbalance, membrane damage and negative impacts on biomass. 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) is a plant growth regulator of great interest to the scientific community because it is a natural molecule extracted from plants, is biodegradable and environmentally friendly. This study aimed to determine whether EBR can improve ionic homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes, PSII efficiency and biomass by evaluating nutritional, physiological, biochemical and morphological responses of soybean plants subjected to Ni excess. The experiment used four randomized treatments, with two Ni concentrations (0 and 200 μm Ni, described as -Ni2+ and +Ni2+ , respectively) and two concentrations of EBR (0 and 100 nm EBR, described as -EBR and +EBR, respectively). In general, Ni had deleterious effects on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. In contrast, EBR enhanced the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (15%) and electron transport rate (19%) due to upregulation of SOD, CAT, APX and POX. Exogenous EBR application promoted significant increases in biomass, and these results were explained by improved nutrient content and ionic homeostasis, as demonstrated by increased Ca2+ /Ni2+ , Mg2+ /Ni+2 and Mn2+ /Ni2+ ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Saraiva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - C F Maia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - B L Batista
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A K da S Lobato
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
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78
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Xu X, Zhou Y, Wang X, Jiang W, Qin L, Wang J, Yu H, Chen X, Shen X, Yin C, Mao Z. Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Soil Microbial Community Structure and Growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Seedlings under Replant Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6411-6422. [PMID: 36844530 PMCID: PMC9947989 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is common in apple production, which seriously affects the growth and development of apples. In this study, hydrogen peroxide with a bactericidal effect was used to treat the replanted soil, and the effects of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on replanted seedlings and soil microbiology were investigated in order to seek a green, clean way to control ARD. Five treatments were set up in this study: replanted soil (CK1), replanted soil with methyl bromide fumigation (CK2), replanted soil + 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H1), replanted soil + 3.0% hydrogen peroxide (H2), and replanted soil + 4.5% hydrogen peroxide (H3). The results showed that hydrogen peroxide treatment improved replanted seedling growth and also inactivated a certain number of Fusarium, while the Bacillus, Mortierella, and Guehomyces also became more abundant in relative terms. The best results were obtained with replanted soil + 4.5% hydrogen peroxide (H3). Consequently, hydrogen peroxide applied to the soil can effectively prevent and control ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Huanghai
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266427, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Weitao Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lei Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Haiyang
Fruit Industry Development Service Center, Yantai, Shandong 265199, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- State
Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and
Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
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L-Arginine Alleviates the Reduction in Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Activity Induced by Drought Stress in Maize Seedlings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020482. [PMID: 36830040 PMCID: PMC9952503 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. Drought is currently the most important abiotic factor affecting maize yield. L-arginine has emerged as a nontoxic plant growth regulator that enhances the tolerance of plants to drought. An experiment was conducted to examine the role of L-arginine in alleviating the inhibitory effects of drought on the photosynthetic capacity and activities of antioxidant enzymes when the plants were subjected to drought stress. The results showed that the biomass of maize seedlings decreased significantly under a 20% polyethylene glycol-simulated water deficit compared with the control treatment. However, the exogenous application of L-arginine alleviated the inhibition of maize growth induced by drought stress. Further analysis of the photosynthetic parameters showed that L-arginine partially restored the chloroplasts' structure under drought stress and increased the contents of chlorophyll, the performance index on an adsorption basis, and Fv/Fm by 151.3%, 105.5%, and 37.1%, respectively. Supplementation with L-arginine also reduced the oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and superoxide ions by 27.2%, 10.0%, and 31.9%, respectively. Accordingly, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase increased by 11.6%, 108.5%, 104.4%, 181.1%, 18.3%, and 46.1%, respectively, under drought. Thus, these findings suggest that L-arginine can improve the drought resistance of maize seedlings by upregulating their rate of photosynthesis and their antioxidant capacity.
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Kesawat MS, Satheesh N, Kherawat BS, Kumar A, Kim HU, Chung SM, Kumar M. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species during Salt Stress in Plants and Their Crosstalk with Other Signaling Molecules-Current Perspectives and Future Directions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040864. [PMID: 36840211 PMCID: PMC9964777 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a severe type of environmental stress. It adversely affects agricultural production worldwide. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most frequent phenomenon during salt stress. ROS are extremely reactive and, in high amounts, noxious, leading to destructive processes and causing cellular damage. However, at lower concentrations, ROS function as secondary messengers, playing a critical role as signaling molecules, ensuring regulation of growth and adjustment to multifactorial stresses. Plants contain several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that can detoxify ROS. The production of ROS and their scavenging are important aspects of the plant's normal response to adverse conditions. Recently, this field has attracted immense attention from plant scientists; however, ROS-induced signaling pathways during salt stress remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the critical role of different antioxidants in salt stress tolerance. We also summarize the recent advances on the detrimental effects of ROS, on the antioxidant machinery scavenging ROS under salt stress, and on the crosstalk between ROS and other various signaling molecules, including nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, calcium, and phytohormones. Moreover, the utilization of "-omic" approaches to improve the ROS-regulating antioxidant system during the adaptation process to salt stress is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal Singh Kesawat
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, India
| | - Neela Satheesh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, India
| | - Bhagwat Singh Kherawat
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bikaner II, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner 334603, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Hyun-Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Chung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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81
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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus on Sodium and Chloride Ion Channels of Casuarina glauca under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043680. [PMID: 36835093 PMCID: PMC9966195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Casuarina glauca is an important coastal protection forest species, which is exposed to high salt stress all year round. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote the growth and salt tolerance of C. glauca under salt stress. However, the effects of AMF on the distribution of Na+ and Cl- and the expression of related genes in C. glauca under salt stress need to be further explored. This study explored the effects of Rhizophagus irregularis on plant biomass, the distribution of Na+ and Cl-, and the expression of related genes in C. glauca under NaCl stress through pot simulation experiments. The results revealed that the mechanisms of Na+ and Cl- transport of C. glauca under NaCl stress were different. C. glauca took a salt accumulation approach to Na+, transferring Na+ from roots to shoots. Salt accumulation of Na+ promoted by AMF was associated with CgNHX7. The transport mechanism of C. glauca to Cl- might involve salt exclusion rather than salt accumulation, and Cl- was no longer transferred to shoots in large quantities but started to accumulate in roots. However, AMF alleviated Na+ and Cl- stress by similar mechanisms. AMF could promote salt dilution of C. glauca by increasing biomass and the content of K+, compartmentalizing Na+ and Cl- in vacuoles. These processes were associated with the expression of CgNHX1, CgNHX2-1, CgCLCD, CgCLCF, and CgCLCG. Our study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of AMF to improve salt tolerance in plants.
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82
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Physiological and Transcriptional Responses of Apocynum venetum to Salt Stress at the Seed Germination Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043623. [PMID: 36835035 PMCID: PMC9966927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apocynum venetum is a semi-shrubby perennial herb that not only prevents saline-alkaline land degradation but also produces leaves for medicinal uses. Although physiological changes during the seed germination of A. venetum in response to salt stress have been studied, the adaptive mechanism to salt conditions is still limited. Here, the physiological and transcriptional changes during seed germination under different NaCl treatments (0-300 mmol/L) were examined. The results showed that the seed germination rate was promoted at low NaCl concentrations (0-50 mmol/L) and inhibited with increased concentrations (100-300 mmol/L); the activity of antioxidant enzymes exhibited a significant increase from 0 (CK) to 150 mmol/L NaCl and a significant decrease from 150 to 300 mmol/L; and the content of osmolytes exhibited a significant increase with increased concentrations, while the protein content peaked at 100 mmol/L NaCl and then significantly decreased. A total of 1967 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated during seed germination at 300 mmol/L NaCl versus (vs.) CK, with 1487 characterized genes (1293 up-regulated, UR; 194 down-regulated, DR) classified into 11 categories, including salt stress (29), stress response (146), primary metabolism (287), cell morphogenesis (156), transcription factor (TFs, 62), bio-signaling (173), transport (144), photosynthesis and energy (125), secondary metabolism (58), polynucleotide metabolism (21), and translation (286). The relative expression levels (RELs) of selected genes directly involved in salt stress and seed germination were observed to be consistent with the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte contents. These findings will provide useful references to improve seed germination and reveal the adaptive mechanism of A. venetum to saline-alkaline soils.
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83
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Altaf F, Parveen S, Farooq S, Ul Haq A, Lone ML, Tahir I, Kaushik P, El-Serehy HA. Polyamines effectively mitigate senescence in persistent leaves of Berginia ciliata - a novel model system. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:136-145. [PMID: 35144727 DOI: 10.1071/fp21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves provide a unique insight into the changes that occur in organs, tissues and cells as they approach senescence. As part of the parental outlay, plants instigate leaf senescence to reallocate resources from older tissues to new organs towards the termination of the growing season. The aim of crop breeding initiatives is to optimize senescence for specific species. Considering hormonal regulation and their crosstalk during leaf senescence through integration of developmental signals, this work examines the efficacy of polyamines (PAs) in modulating several biochemical and physiological aspects with an ultimate aim to delay leaf senescence in leaf discs of Berginia ciliata (Haw.) sternb. Leaf discs were treated with putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) at 20μM, 20μM and 15μM concentration, respectively. A set of leaf discs kept in distilled water served as the control. Leaf discs treated with PAs were green and fresh by about 4 days compared to the control, thus exhibited delayed senescence. This delayed leaf senescence corroborated with the maintenance of high activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging antioxidant enzymes viz , superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and higher content of chlorophylls. A marked increase was also observed in membrane stability and soluble proteins in leaf discs treated with PAs. Exogenous PAs reduced oxidative stress in the leaf discs, as revealed by lower malondialdehyde (MDA) level, which is manifested as reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO). Improved membrane stability was proportional to lower LPO, as measured by the membrane stability index (MSI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Foziya Altaf
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sumira Farooq
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Aehsan Ul Haq
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mohammad Lateef Lone
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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84
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Thapar Kapoor R, Ingo Hefft D, Ahmad A. Nitric oxide and spermidine alleviate arsenic-incited oxidative damage in Cicer arietinum by modulating glyoxalase and antioxidant defense system. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:108-120. [PMID: 34794540 DOI: 10.1071/fp21196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities such as mining, fossil fuel combustion, fertilisers and pesticides utilisation in agriculture, metallurgic processes and disposal of industrial wastes have contributed an exponential rise in arsenic content in environment. The present paper deals with arsenate (AsV) incited stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants and its alleviation through the application of nitric oxide (NO) and spermidine (SPD). The exposure of C. arietinum to AsV reduced seedling length, biomass, relative water content and biochemical constituents. All the above-mentioned parameters were escalated when sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or SPD were utilised alone or in combination with AsV. The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were increased in chickpea treated with AsV, but reduced in combine treatment (As+SNP+SPD). In chickpea seedlings, 89.4, 248.4 and 333.3% stimulation were recorded in sugar, proline and glycine betaine contents, respectively, with As+SNP+SPD treatment in comparison to control. SNP and SPD modulated function of glyoxalase enzymes by which methylglyoxal (MG) was significantly detoxified in C. arietinum . Maximum reduction 45.2% was observed in MG content in SNP+SPD treatment over AsV stress. Hence, synergistic application of NO and SPD protected chickpea plants against AsV-generated stress by strengthening the antioxidant defence and glyoxalase system, which helped in regulation of biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Thapar Kapoor
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Daniel Ingo Hefft
- University Centre Reaseheath, Food and Agricultural Sciences, Reaseheath College, Nantwich CW5 6DF, UK
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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85
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Pereira EC, Zabalgogeazcoa I, Arellano JB, Ugalde U, Vázquez de Aldana BR. Diaporthe atlantica enhances tomato drought tolerance by improving photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and enzymatic antioxidant response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1118698. [PMID: 36818856 PMCID: PMC9929572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1118698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Functional symbiosis with fungal endophytes can help plants adapt to environmental stress. Diaporthe atlantica is one of the most abundant fungal taxa associated with roots of Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa, a grass growing in sea cliffs. This study aimed to investigate the ability of a strain of this fungus to ameliorate the impact of drought stress on tomato plants. In a greenhouse experiment, tomato plants were inoculated with Diaporthe atlantica strain EB4 and exposed to two alternative water regimes: well-watered and drought stress. Several physiological and biochemical plant parameters were evaluated. Inoculation with Diaporthe promoted plant growth in both water treatments. A significant interactive effect of Diaporthe-inoculation and water-regime showed that symbiotic plants had higher photosynthetic capacity, water-use efficiency, nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Fe and Zn), and proline content under drought stress, but not under well-watered conditions. In addition, Diaporthe improved the enzymatic antioxidant response of plants under drought, through an induced mechanism, in which catalase activity was modulated and conferred protection against reactive oxygen species generation during stress. The results support that Diaporthe atlantica plays a positive role in the modulation of tomato plant responses to drought stress by combining various processes such as improving photosynthetic capacity, nutrient uptake, enzymatic antioxidant response and osmo-protectant accumulation. Thus, drought stress in tomato can be enhanced with symbiotic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Pereira
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan B. Arellano
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Unai Ugalde
- Biofungitek Limited Society (S.L.) Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Beatriz R. Vázquez de Aldana
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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86
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Ramazan S, Nazir I, Yousuf W, John R. Environmental stress tolerance in maize ( Zea mays): role of polyamine metabolism. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:85-96. [PMID: 35300784 DOI: 10.1071/fp21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.), a major multipurpose crop for food, feed and energy is extremely susceptible to environmental perturbations and setting off the major factors for limiting maize yield. Generally, plant yields are reduced and significantly lost to adverse environments and biotic strains. To ensure the safety of living cells under unfavourable circumstances, polyamines (PAs) play an important role in regulating the response under both abiotic and biotic stresses. It is the relative abundance of higher PAs (spermidine, Spd; spermine, Spm) vis-à-vis the diamine putrescine (Put) and PA catabolism that determines the stress tolerance in plants. Climate changes and increasing demands for production of maize have made it pressing to improve the stress tolerance strategies in this plant and it is imperative to understand the role of PAs in response to various environmental perturbations. Here, we critically review and summarise the recent literature on role of PAs in conferring stress tolerance in the golden crop. The responses in terms of PA accumulation, their mechanism of action and all the recent genetic manipulation studies carried out in PA metabolism pathway, ameliorating range of abiotic and biotic stresses have been discussed. As PA metabolism under stress conditions does not operate singly within cells and is always linked to other metabolic pathways in maize, its complex connections and role as a signalling molecule have also been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salika Ramazan
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ifra Nazir
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Waseem Yousuf
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Riffat John
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
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87
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Sly-miR398 Participates in Cadmium Stress Acclimation by Regulating Antioxidant System and Cadmium Transport in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031953. [PMID: 36768277 PMCID: PMC9915548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is one of the major threats in agricultural production, and can cause oxidative damage and growth limitation in plants. MicroRNA398 (miR398) is involved in plant resistance to different stresses, and the post-transcriptional regulation of miR398 on CSDs plays a key role. Here, we report that miR398 was down-regulated in tomato in response to Cd stress. Simultaneously, CSD1 and SOD were up-regulated, with CSD2 unchanged, suggesting CSD1 is involved in miR398-induced regulation under Cd stress. In addition, the role of miR398 in Cd tolerance in tomato was evaluated using a transgenic line overexpressing MIR398 (miR398#OE) in which the down-expression of miR398 was disrupted. The results showed that Cd stress induced more significant growth inhibition, oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzymes disorder in miR398#OE than that in wild type (WT). Moreover, higher Cd concentration in the shoot and xylem sap, and net Cd influx rate, were observed in miR398#OE, which could be due to the increased Cd uptake genes (IRT1, IRT2, and NRAMP2) and decreased Cd compartmentalization gene HMA3. Overall, our results indicate that down-regulated miR398 plays a protective role in tomato against Cd stress by modulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes and Cd uptake and translocation.
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88
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Häsler Gunnarsdottir S, Sommerauer L, Schnabel T, Oostingh GJ, Schuster A. Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Bark Extracts from Common European Trees in Light of Dermal Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010130. [PMID: 36671331 PMCID: PMC9854852 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant species have developed effective defense strategies for colonizing diverse habitats and protecting themselves from numerous attacks from a wide range of organisms, including insects, vertebrates, fungi, and bacteria. The bark of trees in particular constitutes a number of components that protect against unwanted intruders. This review focuses on the antioxidative, dermal immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial properties of bark extracts from European common temperate trees in light of various skin pathogens, wound healing, and the maintenance of skin health. The sustainability aspect, achieved by utilizing the bark, which is considered a byproduct in the forest industry, is addressed, as are various extraction methods applied to retrieve extracts from bark.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Sommerauer
- Department of Forest Products Technology & Timber Constructions, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Markt 136a, 5431 Kuchl, Austria
- Salzburg Center for Smart Materials, c/o Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Straße 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schnabel
- Department of Forest Products Technology & Timber Constructions, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Markt 136a, 5431 Kuchl, Austria
- Faculty of Furniture Design and Wood Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, B-dul. Eroilor nr. 29, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Gertie Janneke Oostingh
- Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Urstein Sued 1, 5412 Puch, Austria
| | - Anja Schuster
- Biomedical Sciences, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Urstein Sued 1, 5412 Puch, Austria
- Correspondence:
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89
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Ben Y, Cheng M, Liu Y, Wang L, Yang Q, Huang X, Zhou Q. The stimulatory effect and mechanism of low-dose lanthanum on soybean leaf cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129924. [PMID: 36113347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light rare earth elements (LREEs) have been long used in agriculture (i.e., mainly via aerially applied LREE fertilizers) based on the fact that low-dose LREEs promote plant growth. Meanwhile, the toxic effects of low-dose LREEs on organisms have also been found. However, the cellular and molecular mechanism of low-dose LREEs acting on organisms remain unclear. Plants are at the beginning of food chains, so it is critical to uncover the cellular and molecular mechanism of low-dose LREEs on plants. Here, lanthanum (La) and soybean were the representatives of LREEs and plants, respectively. The effects of low-dose La on soybean leaves were investigated, and the stimulatory effect and mechanism of low-dose LREEs on leaf cells were revealed. Specifically, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) activated by low-dose La is an influx channel for La in soybean leaf cells. The intracellular La and La-activated CME jointly disturbed multiple forms of intracellular homeostasis, including metallic element homeostasis, redox homeostasis, gene expression homeostasis. The disturbed homeostasis either stimulated cell growth or caused damage to the plasma membrane of soybean leaf cells. These results provide new insights for clarifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of low-dose LREEs as a class of stimulators instead of nutrients to stimulate plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ben
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengzhu Cheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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90
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Akram NA, Bashir R, Ashraf G, Bashir S, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Bajguz A, Ahmad P. Exogenous α-Tocopherol Regulates the Growth and Metabolism of Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) under Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:237. [PMID: 36678950 PMCID: PMC9864411 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was designed to improve drought stress tolerance in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) through the exogenous application of α-tocopherol (TOC). For exogenous application, two modes, i.e., foliar spray (FS) and pre-sowing seed treatment (PS), were used. Water deficiency treatment (50% field capacity (FC)) was applied on 32-day-old seedlings of two eggplant cultivars, i.e., Janak and Black Beauty. Five levels of TOC (0 mg/L, 50 mg/L PS, 100 mg/L PS, 50 mg/L FS, and 100 mg/L FS) were applied as PS and FS. Pre-sowing seed treatment was conducted before seed sowing, while FS treatment after 30 days of drought stress treatment. After 15 days of TOC as an FS application, it was observed that drought stress significantly reduced plant growth (5-15%) and chlorophyll contents (4-10%), while it increased proline (4-6%), glycine betaine (GB) (5-10%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (10.8%), hydrogen peroxide (15-16%), relative membrane permeability (RMP) (5-8%), and the activities of peroxidase (7-8%) and superoxide dismutase (12-15%) in both eggplant cultivars. The TOC application (FS and PS) exhibited a positive role in overcoming the adverse effect of water stress on eggplants. Plant growth increased (15-18%) as a result of the application of TOC, which could be linked with improved chlorophyll, ascorbic acid (AsA), GB, proline, total soluble proteins (TSP), and the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. The reactive oxygen species H2O2 was also decreased by TOC application. Overall, TOC as a foliar spray was more effective in improving the accumulation of proline, GB, AsA, and activities of SOD and POD enzymes, while PS treatment was more effective in reducing RMP and improving the TSP of eggplant. Cv. Black Beauty was comparatively better in root dry weight, chlorophyll a and b, and MDA contents, while cv. Janak in RMP, AsA, TSP, and activity of the POD enzyme. It can be inferred that the application of TOC was useful in counteracting the harmful effects of drought stress on both cultivars of eggplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nudrat Aisha Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Rohina Bashir
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Gulshan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shehnaz Bashir
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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91
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Puccio G, Ingraffia R, Mercati F, Amato G, Giambalvo D, Martinelli F, Sunseri F, Frenda AS. Transcriptome changes induced by Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in leaves of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) promote higher salt tolerance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:116. [PMID: 36596823 PMCID: PMC9810663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The salinity of soil is a relevant environmental problem around the world, with climate change raising its relevance, particularly in arid and semiarid areas. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) positively affect plant growth and health by mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses, including salt stress. The mechanisms through which these benefits manifest are, however, still unclear. This work aimed to identify key genes involved in the response to salt stress induced by AMF using RNA-Seq analysis on durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum Desf. Husn.). Five hundred sixty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs), many of which involved in pathways related to plant stress responses, were identified. The expression of genes involved in trehalose metabolism, RNA processing, vesicle trafficking, cell wall organization, and signal transduction was significantly enhanced by the AMF symbiosis. A downregulation of genes involved in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress responses as well as amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates metabolisms was also detected, suggesting a lower oxidative stress condition in the AMF inoculated plants. Interestingly, many transcription factor families, including WRKY, NAC, and MYB, already known for their key role in plant abiotic stress response, were found differentially expressed between treatments. This study provides valuable insights on AMF-induced gene expression modulation and the beneficial effects of plant-AMF interaction in durum wheat under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Puccio
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosolino Ingraffia
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy ,grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.452299.1Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Mercati
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Amato
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- grid.11567.340000000122070761Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alfonso S. Frenda
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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92
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Chen Y, Li H, Zhang S, Du S, Zhang J, Song Z, Jiang J. Analysis of the main antioxidant enzymes in the roots of Tamarix ramosissima under NaCl stress by applying exogenous potassium (K +). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1114266. [PMID: 37143868 PMCID: PMC10151674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Salinization affects more than 25% of the world's arable land, and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb (T. ramosissima), the representative of Tamarix plants, is widely grown in salinized soil. In contrast, less is known about the mechanism of potassium's antioxidative enzyme activity in preventing NaCl stress damage to plants. Method This study examined changes in root growth for T. ramosissima at 0h, 48h, and 168h, performed antioxidant enzyme activity assays, transcriptome sequencing, and non-targeted metabolite analysis to understand changes in their roots as well as changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential metabolites associated with antioxidant enzyme activities. Result As the time increased, the results showed that compared with the 200 Mm NaCl group, the root growth of the 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl group increased, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased the most, but the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased less. Meanwhile, 58 DEGs related to SOD, POD and CAT activities were changed during the application of exogenous K+ for 48h and 168h in T. ramosissima. Based on association analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we found coniferyl alcohol, which can act as a substrate to label catalytic POD. It is worth noting that Unigene0013825 and Unigene0014843, as POD-related genes, have positively regulated the downstream of coniferyl alcohol, and they have a significant correlation with coniferyl alcohol. Discussion In summary, 48h and 168h of exogenous K+ applied to the roots of T. ramosissima under NaCl stress can resist NaCl stress by scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by high salt stress by enhancing the mechanism of antioxidant enzyme activity, relieving NaCl toxicity and maintaining growth. This study provides genetic resources and a scientific theoretical basis for further breeding of salt-tolerant Tamarix plants and the molecular mechanism of K+ alleviating NaCl toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Faculty of science and Department of statistic, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haijia Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhizhong Song
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiang Jiang, ; Zhizhong Song,
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiang Jiang, ; Zhizhong Song,
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93
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Kurt D, Yalçin E, Çavuşoğlu K. GC-MS and HPLC supported phytochemical analysis of watercress and the protective role against paraben toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6033-6046. [PMID: 35986852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the phytochemical content of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress) leaf extract (Noex) and its protective effects against paraben toxicity were investigated. GC-MS and HPLC analyses were performed to determine the phytochemical content. Paraben toxicity and protective properties of Noex were investigated with the Allium test, and 6 different groups were formed for this purpose. Toxicity in each group was investigated by using physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical, and anatomical parameters. DNA-paraben interaction was investigated with spectroscopic analysis for the genotoxicity mechanism. As a result of the study, paraben (500 mM) caused a regression in the physiological parameters related to germination in Allium cepa L. bulbs. Paraben caused a 43.3% reduction in mitotic index (MI) rates compared to control, which is likely the reason for the decrease in germination-related parameters. With the application of paraben in root tip cells, the frequency of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) increased and a high genotoxic effect was observed. Paraben promoted CAs such as fragment, sticky chromosome, bridge, unequal distribution of chromatin, and irregular mitosis. It also caused anatomical damage in the form of epidermis cell damage, flattened cell nucleus, cortex cell damage, cortex cell walls thickening, and unclear vascular tissue in root tip meristem cells. Paraben-DNA interaction was caused by bathochromic and hypochromic shifts in the UV spectrum of DNA, indicating the intercalation mode of interaction. Paraben also caused an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels, and abnormalities in antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase = SOD and catalase = CAT), thereby disrupting the antioxidant/oxidant dynamics in the cell. The basis of physiological, cytological, and genetic abnormalities was attributed to the oxidative stress in the cell. Administration of Noex produced a dose-dependent incremental improvement in paraben-induced abnormalities. The increase in GSH levels and the decrease in MDA levels observed as a result of the Noex application contributed to the restoration of antioxidant/oxidant balance, and this improvement was also reflected in other parameters. Application of 200 mg/L Noex provided a 24.2% improvement in the MI rate reduced by paraben, and accordingly, an increase in germination parameters was observed. Similarly, the frequencies of MN and CAs, which are signs of genotoxicity, decreased with the Noex application. As a result of the phytochemical analysis of Noex with HPLC and GC-MS, the presence of strong antioxidant and antimutagenic substances such as rutin, coumaric acid, ferrulic acid, L-serine, L-proline, and phytol were determined in Noex structure. The curative effects of Noex against paraben toxicity can be attributed to these active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kurt
- Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Vocational School of Alucra Turan Bulutçu, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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94
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Ma J, Wang H, Jin L, Zhang P. Comparative analysis of physiological responses to environmental stress in Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii seedlings due to roots exposure. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14905. [PMID: 36874966 PMCID: PMC9983421 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii seedlings were used as the test materials to carry out the roots exposure stress model test. By comparing the physiological growth indexes in the leaves of the tested plants, the stress resistance ability was evaluated. The results showed (1) root exposure resulted in excessive oxygen free radicals, which resulted in membrane lipid peroxidation and increased MDA content in two plants. The increase of MDA content in H. scoparium was greater than that in C. korshinskii. (2) H. scoparium mainly regulate their own adaptation to the stress by regulating carotenoids. C. korshinskii adjusts itself to adapt to the stress by regulating chlorophyll. (3) H. scoparium resist this stress mainly by regulating their respiration rate. (4) H. scoparium mainly through the mobilization of proline, by adjusting the proline concentration to reduce their water potential; C. korshinskii reduced its water potential mainly by regulating the concentration of soluble sugar to adapt to the stress. (5) H. scoparium and C. korshinskii activated peroxidase (H. scoparium) and catalase (C. korshinskii) to clean up intracellular peroxides, respectively. To sum up, under the same root exposure ratio, there were significant differences in physiological regulation and morphological indexes between H. and C. korshinskii, but their stress resistance mechanisms were quite different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Chabuchaer County Forestry and Grassland Adminstraton, Ili Valley, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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95
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Amin B, Atif MJ, Meng H, Ghani MI, Ali M, Wang X, Ding Y, Li X, Cheng Z. Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Cucumis sativus Cultivars to Different Combinations of Low-Temperature and High Humidity. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2023; 42:390-406. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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Relevance of the Exocyst in Arabidopsis exo70e2 Mutant for Cellular Homeostasis under Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010424. [PMID: 36613868 PMCID: PMC9820329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants must adapt to cope with adverse environmental conditions that affect their growth and development. To overcome these constraints, they can alter their developmental patterns by modulating cellular processes and activating stress-responsive signals. Alongside the activation of the antioxidant (AOX) system, a high number of genes are expressed, and proteins must be distributed to the correct locations within the cell. The endomembrane system and associated vesicles thus play an important role. Several pathways have been associated with adverse environmental conditions, which is the case for the exocyst-positive organelle-EXPO. The present work, using Arabidopsis mutants with T-DNA insertions in the gene EXO70, essential for EXPO vesicles formation, was designed to characterise the anatomical (morphology and root length), biochemical (quantification of stress markers and antioxidant system components), and molecular responses (gene expression) to abiotic stresses (saline, drought, oxidative, and metal-induced toxicity). The results obtained showed that mutant plants behave differently from the wild type (WT) plants. Therefore, in the exo70 mutant, morphological changes were more noticeable in plants under stress, and the non-enzymatic component of the antioxidant system was activated, with no alterations to the enzymatic component. Furthermore, other defence strategies, such as autophagy, did not show important changes. These results confirmed the EXPO as an important structure for tolerance/adaptation to stress.
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Identification of a DEAD-box RNA Helicase BnRH6 Reveals Its Involvement in Salt Stress Response in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010002. [PMID: 36613447 PMCID: PMC9819673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important vegetable oil crops worldwide. Abiotic stresses such as salinity are great challenges for its growth and productivity. DEAD-box RNA helicase 6 (RH6) is a subfamily member of superfamily 2 (SF2), which plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. However, no report is available on RH6 in regulating plant abiotic stress response. This study investigated the function and regulatory mechanism for BnRH6. BnRH6 was targeted to the nucleus and cytoplasmic processing body (P-body), constitutively expressed throughout the lifespan, and induced by salt stress. Transgenic overexpressing BnRH6 in Brassica and Arabidopsis displayed salt hypersensitivity, manifested by lagging seed germination (decreased to 55−85% of wild-type), growth stunt, leaf chlorosis, oxidative stress, and over-accumulation of Na ions with the K+/Na+ ratio being decreased by 18.3−28.6%. Given the undesirable quality of knockout Brassica plants, we utilized an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant rh6-1 to investigate downstream genes by transcriptomics. We constructed four libraries with three biological replicates to investigate global downstream genes by RNA sequencing. Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (2-fold, p < 0.05) showed that 41 genes were upregulated and 66 genes were downregulated in rh6-1 relative to wild-type under salt stress. Most of them are well-identified and involved in transcription factors, ABA-responsive genes, and detoxified components or antioxidants. Our research suggests that BnRH6 can regulate a group of salt-tolerance genes to negatively promote Brassica adaptation to salt stress.
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98
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Hsieh C, Chen YH, Chang KC, Yang SY. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanisms for mycorrhiza-enhanced salt tolerance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1072171. [PMID: 36600910 PMCID: PMC9806932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the global population relies on rice as a staple food, but salinization of soil presents a great threat to rice cultivation. Although previous studies have addressed the possible benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis for rice under salinity stress, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we found that mycorrhizal rice had better shoot and reproductive growth and a significantly higher K+/Na+ ratio in the shoot. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity in rice shoots was also improved by AM symbiosis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms required for AM-improved salt tolerance, transcriptome analysis revealing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the response to AM symbiosis, salinity or specific tissue was performed. Thirteen percent of DEGs showed tissue-preferred responses to both AM symbiosis and salt stress and might be the key genes contributing to AM-enhanced salt tolerance. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified GO terms specifically appearing in this category, including cell wall, oxidoreductase activity, reproduction and ester-related terms. Interestingly, GO terms related to phosphate (Pi) homeostasis were also found, suggesting the possible role of the Pi-related signaling pathway involved in AM-enhanced salt tolerance. Intriguingly, under nonsaline conditions, AM symbiosis influenced the expression of these genes in a similar way as salinity, especially in the shoots. Overall, our results indicate that AM symbiosis may possibly use a multipronged approach to influence gene expression in a way similar to salinity, and this modification could help plants be prepared for salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hsieh
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chieh Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Yang
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Goswami AK, Maurya NK, Goswami S, Bardhan K, Singh SK, Prakash J, Pradhan S, Kumar A, Chinnusamy V, Kumar P, Sharma RM, Sharma S, Bisht DS, Kumar C. Physio-biochemical and molecular stress regulators and their crosstalk for low-temperature stress responses in fruit crops: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1022167. [PMID: 36578327 PMCID: PMC9790972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature stress (LTS) drastically affects vegetative and reproductive growth in fruit crops leading to a gross reduction in the yield and loss in product quality. Among the fruit crops, temperate fruits, during the period of evolution, have developed the mechanism of tolerance, i.e., adaptive capability to chilling and freezing when exposed to LTS. However, tropical and sub-tropical fruit crops are most vulnerable to LTS. As a result, fruit crops respond to LTS by inducing the expression of LTS related genes, which is for climatic acclimatization. The activation of the stress-responsive gene leads to changes in physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, respiration, membrane composition changes, alteration in protein synthesis, increased antioxidant activity, altered levels of metabolites, and signaling pathways that enhance their tolerance/resistance and alleviate the damage caused due to LTS and chilling injury. The gene induction mechanism has been investigated extensively in the model crop Arabidopsis and several winter kinds of cereal. The ICE1 (inducer of C-repeat binding factor expression 1) and the CBF (C-repeat binding factor) transcriptional cascade are involved in transcriptional control. The functions of various CBFs and aquaporin genes were well studied in crop plants and their role in multiple stresses including cold stresses is deciphered. In addition, tissue nutrients and plant growth regulators like ABA, ethylene, jasmonic acid etc., also play a significant role in alleviating the LTS and chilling injury in fruit crops. However, these physiological, biochemical and molecular understanding of LTS tolerance/resistance are restricted to few of the temperate and tropical fruit crops. Therefore, a better understanding of cold tolerance's underlying physio-biochemical and molecular components in fruit crops is required under open and simulated LTS. The understanding of LTS tolerance/resistance mechanism will lay the foundation for tailoring the novel fruit genotypes for successful crop production under erratic weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Goswami
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Maurya
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suneha Goswami
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kirti Bardhan
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyabrata Pradhan
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Kumar
- Multi Testing Technology Centre and Vocational Training Centre, Selesih, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - Radha Mohan Sharma
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Stuti Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chavlesh Kumar
- Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Bakir Çilesizoğlu N, Yalçin E, Çavuşoğlu K, Sipahi Kuloğlu S. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Nerium oleander L. extracts associated with toxicity profile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21421. [PMID: 36504046 PMCID: PMC9742154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, phytochemical analysis and toxicity profile of leaf and flower extracts of Nerium oleander L. species collected from Giresun province (Turkey) were investigated. In phytochemical analyzes, the cardiac glycoside, alkaloid, saponin and tannin contents of the extracts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The physiological effects of extracts were determined by examining root elongation, weight gain and germination rates. Biochemical effects were determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which are indicators of oxidative stress. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were investigated by mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal abnormality (CA) tests. N. oleander leaf and flower extract applications caused significant decreases in the physiological parameters of Allium bulbs. SOD and CAT activity in root tip cells increased significantly after the application of leaf extract compared to the control group. Similar changes were observed in the application of flower extract, but these increases were found to be at a lower level compared to the increases induced by the leaf extract. An increase in MDA levels and a decrease in GSH levels were observed in groups treated with leaf and flower extracts. These changes show that the extracts cause deterioration in antioxidant/oxidant balance. It was determined that the extracts, which caused a decrease in MI rates and an increase in MN and CAs frequencies, showed the most prominent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at 250 μg/mL doses. These toxic effects were associated with the phytochemical content of the extracts, and it was thought that cardiac glycosides and alkaloids, whose presence were detected in qualitative and quantitative analyzes, may play an important role in toxicity. Studies investigating the therapeutic properties of plants as well as their toxic effects are insufficient, which leads to the fact that plants exhibiting potential toxicity are not well known. Therefore, this study will lead many studies on the toxicity profile of the phytochemical contents of plants. Therefore, this study will draw attention to the investigation of the toxicity profile and phytochemical contents of plants and will lead to similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Selin Sipahi Kuloğlu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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