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Niu D, Zhao Y, Wang J, Ye E, Huang J, Liu J, Huang X, Yue S, Hou X, Wu J. Secular trend in disease burden of leukemia and its subtypes in China from 1990 to 2019 and its projection in 25 years. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2375-2386. [PMID: 37468671 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia and its subtypes impose a major public health challenge in China. Identifying the secular trend of leukemia burden is critical to facilitate optimal healthcare planning and improve the management of leukemia. The incidence rates of leukemia from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database according to the following: subtype (acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL], acute myeloid leukemia [AML], chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL], chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML], and other leukemia subtypes), sex, and age group. The average annual percentage changes and relative risks were calculated using joinpoint regression and the age-period-cohort model, respectively. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was also applied to predict the future trend of the incidence of leukemia and its subtypes in the next 25 years. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of leukemia slightly declined in males and females, which is similar to the trend of other leukemia subtypes. However, the four major leukemia subtypes, namely, ALL, AML, CLL, and CML, have been on the rise over the past three decades. The incidence rates of leukemia in children and the elderly were considerably higher than those in other age groups in males and females. Age effects were the most influential risk factor for leukemia incidence. Period effects showed that the risks of leukemia and its subtypes incidence increased with time. For cohort effects, the risks of leukemia and its subtypes were higher among the early-born cohorts compared with the late-born cohorts. The ASIRs of leukemia and its subtypes will continue to increase in the next 25 years. The burden of leukemia and its subtypes is expected to continue to increase in the next 25 years in males and females. A comprehensive understanding of the risk characteristics and disease pattern of leukemia and its subtypes is needed to formulate timely and effective intervention measures to reduce the leukemia burden in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Niu
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Western Guangdong Medical Union, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumei Zhao
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Western Guangdong Medical Union, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Enlin Ye
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiasheng Huang
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Huang
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Suru Yue
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Hou
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Western Guangdong Medical Union, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Clinical Research Service Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Collaborative Innovation of Clinical Medical Big Data Cloud Service in Western Guangdong Medical Union, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
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Park C, Han S, Litten KP, Mehta S, Ng BP. Prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension among hospitalized patients with cancer in the United States. Chronic Illn 2023:17423953231196613. [PMID: 37605850 DOI: 10.1177/17423953231196613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is the most common comorbidity in patients with cancer. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension by demographic characteristics and cancer type among hospitalized patients with cancer. METHODS Hospitalized cancer patients were included using 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample data. The independent variable was the presence of hypertension, which was further classified as primary, secondary, and other hypertension. Patient characteristics were grouped by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and the 12 most common cancer types. Multinomial logistic regression was used. RESULTS Among 638,670 hospitalized patients with cancer, 56.8% had hypertension. The predicted percentages of having any hypertension were higher with age, male gender, and black race. The predicted percentages of any hypertension were the highest in kidney cancer patients across all age and race/ethnicity groups. Uterine cancer was associated with the highest percentages of primary hypertension, followed by kidney cancer. Leukemia was associated with the highest percentages of secondary hypertension, followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma. DISCUSSION Kidney cancer patients had the highest predicted percentage of hypertension overall, while uterine cancer and leukemia had the highest percentages of primary and secondary hypertension, respectively. This study provides evidence for identifying cancer patients who need more attention for the prevention and management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyun Park
- Health Outcomes Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sola Han
- Health Outcomes Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn P Litten
- Pharmacy Practice Division, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sanica Mehta
- The University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Boon Peng Ng
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Alpert AB, Rivers L, Manzano C, Ruddick R, Adams S, Obedin-Maliver J, Harvey RD, Griggs JJ, Operario D. Debunking Sex and Disentangling Gender From Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:3791-3795. [PMID: 37235816 PMCID: PMC10860932 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ash B. Alpert
- Center for Gerontology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Juno Obedin-Maliver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
- The PRIDE Study, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - R. Donald Harvey
- Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jennifer J. Griggs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Health Management & Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI
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Erenpreisa J, Vainshelbaum NM, Lazovska M, Karklins R, Salmina K, Zayakin P, Rumnieks F, Inashkina I, Pjanova D, Erenpreiss J. The Price of Human Evolution: Cancer-Testis Antigens, the Decline in Male Fertility and the Increase in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11660. [PMID: 37511419 PMCID: PMC10380301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of general and particularly male cancer coupled with the reduction in male fertility seen worldwide motivated us to seek a potential evolutionary link between these two phenomena, concerning the reproductive transcriptional modules observed in cancer and the expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA). The phylostratigraphy analysis of the human genome allowed us to link the early evolutionary origin of cancer via the reproductive life cycles of the unicellulars and early multicellulars, potentially driving soma-germ transition, female meiosis, and the parthenogenesis of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), with the expansion of the CTA multi-families, very late during their evolution. CTA adaptation was aided by retrovirus domestication in the unstable genomes of mammals, for protecting male fertility in stress conditions, particularly that of humans, as compensation for the energy consumption of a large complex brain which also exploited retrotransposition. We found that the early and late evolutionary branches of human cancer are united by the immunity-proto-placental network, which evolved in the Cambrian and shares stress regulators with the finely-tuned sex determination system. We further propose that social stress and endocrine disruption caused by environmental pollution with organic materials, which alter sex determination in male foetuses and further spermatogenesis in adults, bias the development of PGCC-parthenogenetic cancer by default.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Lazovska
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Roberts Karklins
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Salmina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Felikss Rumnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inna Inashkina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1-1k, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Erenpreiss
- Molecular Genetics Scientific Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Clinic iVF-Riga, Zala 1, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Rosiek V, Kos-Kudła B. Assessment of the Role of Leptin and Adiponectinas Biomarkers in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3517. [PMID: 37444627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the possible connection between circulating adipokines and PanNENs are limited. This novel study aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin and their ratio in patients with PanNENs and to evaluate the possible relationship between them and PanNEN's grade or stage, including the presence of metastases. The study group consisted of PanNENs (n = 83), and healthy controls (n = 39). Leptin and adiponectin measurement by an ELISA assay was undertaken in the entire cohort. The serum concentration of adiponectin was significantly higher in the control group compared to the study group (p < 0.001). The concentration of leptin and adiponectin was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Anincreased leptin-adiponectin ratio was observed in well-differentiated PanNENs (G1) vs. moderatelydifferentiated PanNENs (G2) (p < 0.05). An increased leptin-adiponectin ratio was found in PanNENs with Ki-67 < 3% vs. Ki-67 ≥ 3% (p < 0.05). PanNENs with distal disease presented lower leptin levels (p < 0.001) and a decreased leptin-adiponectin ratio (p < 0.01) compared with the localized disease group. Leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may serve as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for PanNENs. Leptin levels and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may play an important role as predictors of malignancy and metastasis in PanNENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Malczewska-Herman
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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Ye S, Zhu Y, Zhong D, Song X, Li J, Xiao F, Huang Z, Zhang W, Wu M, Zhang K, Xiang FL, Xu J. G protein-coupled receptor GPR68 inhibits lymphocyte infiltration and contributes to gender-dependent melanoma growth. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1202750. [PMID: 37350933 PMCID: PMC10282648 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Melanoma is a common and aggressive type of skin cancer with rising incidence rate globally. Gender is one of the determining factors, and overall males have a higher risk of developing melanoma as well as worse prognosis. Emerging evidence show that GPR68, a G protein-coupled receptor that is sensitive to acid and mechanical stimulations for cellular microenvironment, plays an important role in tumor biology. However, whether GPR68 is involved in gender-dependent regulation of tumor growth is unclear. Methods We established a syngeneic melanoma model in Gpr68-deficient mice and investigated tumor growth in males and females. The GPR68 activation-induced cellular responses of melanocytes, including intracellular calcium dynamics, proliferation and migration were measured. The landscape of tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and the expression various cytokines were checked by qRT-PCR. Results GPR68 is required for melanoma growth in males but dispensable in females. GPR68 is expressed and functional in B16-F10 melanocytes, but the activity of the receptor does not directly contribute to proliferation and migration of the cells. GPR68 inhibits infiltration of CD45+ lymphocytes, CD8+ T cells and NK cells in melanoma in male mice, but has no apparent effect in females. Furthermore, GPR68 functionally inhibits the expression of IFNγ in the tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and NK cells as well as the inflammatory cytokine expression in the spleen in male mice but not in females. Our results show the gender-dependent modulatory effect of GPR68 on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their tumor-killing capacity. Discussion GPR68 is sensor for acid and mechanical stimulations, which are two important factors in the microenvironment associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Our results suggest a prominent role of the receptor molecules in tumor biology in a gender-dependent manner. Since GPCRs are more feasible to develop small molecule drugs compared to transcription factors, our study demonstrates the potential of GPR68 as a novel druggable therapeutic target for melanoma in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmei Ye
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhong
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilei Huang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangdi Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-li Xiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Perera ND, Bellomo TR, Schmidt WM, Litt HK, Shyu M, Stavins MA, Wang MM, Bell A, Saleki M, Wolf KI, Ionescu R, Tao JJ, Ji S, O’Keefe RM, Pun M, Takasugi JM, Steinberg JR, Go RS, Turner BE, Mahipal A. Analysis of Female Participant Representation in Registered Oncology Clinical Trials in the United States from 2008 to 2020. Oncologist 2023; 28:510-519. [PMID: 36848266 PMCID: PMC10243778 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female underrepresentation in oncology clinical trials can result in outcome disparities. We evaluated female participant representation in US oncology trials by intervention type, cancer site, and funding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were extracted from the publicly available Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database. Initially, 270,172 studies were identified. Following the exclusion of trials using Medical Subject Heading terms, manual review, those with incomplete status, non-US location, sex-specific organ cancers, or lacking participant sex data, 1650 trials consisting of 240,776 participants remained. The primary outcome was participation to prevalence ratio (PPR): percent females among trial participants divided by percent females in the disease population per US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data. PPRs of 0.8-1.2 reflect proportional female representation. RESULTS Females represented 46.9% of participants (95% CI, 45.4-48.4); mean PPR for all trials was 0.912. Females were underrepresented in surgical (PPR 0.74) and other invasive (PPR 0.69) oncology trials. Among cancer sites, females were underrepresented in bladder (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.91, P = .02), head/neck (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29-0.68, P < .01), stomach (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23-0.70, P < .01), and esophageal (OR 0.40 95% CI 0.22-0.74, P < .01) trials. Hematologic (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.09-1.82, P < .01) and pancreatic (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.46-3.26, P < .01) trials had higher odds of proportional female representation. Industry-funded trials had greater odds of proportional female representation (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.82, P = .01) than US government and academic-funded trials. CONCLUSIONS Stakeholders should look to hematologic, pancreatic, and industry-funded cancer trials as exemplars of female participant representation and consider female representation when interpreting trial results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany R Bellomo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Henry K Litt
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Shyu
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Max M Wang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Bell
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Massoud Saleki
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Katherine I Wolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline J Tao
- Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunjong Ji
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ryan M O’Keefe
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Pun
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jecca R Steinberg
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronald S Go
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brandon E Turner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Piel S, Janowska JI, Ward JL, McManus MJ, Aronowitz DI, Janowski PK, Starr J, Hook JN, Hefti MM, Clayman CL, Elmér E, Hansson MJ, Jang DH, Karlsson M, Ehinger JK, Kilbaugh TJ. Succinate prodrugs as treatment for acute metabolic crisis during fluoroacetate intoxication in the rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1231-1244. [PMID: 36282352 PMCID: PMC10540239 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Sodium fluoroacetate (FA) is a metabolic poison that systemically inhibits the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, causing energy deficiency and ultimately multi-organ failure. It poses a significant threat to society because of its high toxicity, potential use as a chemical weapon and lack of effective antidotal therapy. In this study, we investigated cell-permeable succinate prodrugs as potential treatment for acute FA intoxication. We hypothesized that succinate prodrugs would bypass FA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, provide metabolic support, and prevent metabolic crisis during acute FA intoxication. To test this hypothesis, rats were exposed to FA (0.75 mg/kg) and treated with the succinate prodrug candidate NV354. Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on cardiac and cerebral mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial content, metabolic profiles and tissue pathology. In the heart, FA increased concentrations of the TCA metabolite citrate (+ 4.2-fold, p < 0.01) and lowered ATP levels (- 1.9-fold, p < 0.001), confirming the inhibition of the TCA cycle by FA. High-resolution respirometry of cardiac mitochondria further revealed an impairment of mitochondrial complex V (CV)-linked metabolism, as evident by a reduced phosphorylation system control ratio (- 41%, p < 0.05). The inhibition of CV-linked metabolism is a novel mechanism of FA cardiac toxicity, which has implications for drug development and which NV354 was unable to counteract at the given dose. In the brain, FA induced the accumulation of β-hydroxybutyrate (+ 1.4-fold, p < 0.05) and the reduction of mitochondrial complex I (CI)-linked oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOSCI) (- 20%, p < 0.01), the latter of which was successfully alleviated by NV354. This promising effect of NV354 warrants further investigations to determine its potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Piel
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Joanna I Janowska
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Laurenson Ward
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Meagan J McManus
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Danielle I Aronowitz
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Piotr K Janowski
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jonathan Starr
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jordan N Hook
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Marco M Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Carly L Clayman
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Abliva AB, Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Hansson
- Abliva AB, Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Johannes K Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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Wiranata JA, Puspitaningtyas H, Hutajulu SH, Fachiroh J, Anggorowati N, Sanjaya GY, Lazuardi L, Sripan P. Temporal and spatial analyses of colorectal cancer incidence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2023; 18. [PMID: 37246534 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2023.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the district-level temporal dynamics and sub-district level geographical variations of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Yogyakarta population-based cancer registry (PBCR) comprised of 1,593 CRC cases diagnosed in 2008-2019. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) were determined using 2014 population data. The temporal trend and geographical distribution of cases were analysed using joinpoint regression and Moran's I statistics. During 2008-2019, CRC incidence increased by 13.44% annually. Joinpoints were identified in 2014 and 2017, which were also the periods when annual percentage change (APC) was the highest throughout the observation periods (18.84). Significant APC changes were observed in all districts, with the highest in Kota Yogyakarta (15.57). The ASR of CRC incidence per 100,000 person- years was 7.03 in Sleman, 9.20 in Kota Yogyakarta, and 7.07 in Bantul district. We found a regional variation of CRC ASR with a concentrated pattern of hotspots in the central sub-districts of the catchment areas and a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of CRC incidence rates in the province (I=0.581, p<0.001). The analysis identified four high-high clusters sub-districts in the central catchment areas. This is the first Indonesian study reported from PBCR data, showing an increased annual CRC incidence during an extensive observation period in the Yogyakarta region. A heterogeneous distribution map of CRC incidence is included. These findings may serve as basis for CRC screening implementation and healthcare services improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Adrian Wiranata
- Academic Hospital; Master Program in Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
| | - Herindita Puspitaningtyas
- Doctorate Program of Health and Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
| | - Susanna Hilda Hutajulu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Jajah Fachiroh
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
| | - Nungki Anggorowati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta.
| | - Guardian Yoki Sanjaya
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
| | - Lutfan Lazuardi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
| | - Patumrat Sripan
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai.
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Shirazipour CH, Ruggieri-Bacani RM, Lockshon L, Waring C, Jarman A, Cruz N, Bresee C, Fong AJ, Lin PH, Gresham G, Asher A, Freedland SJ. The Streaming Web-Based Exercise at Home Study for Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Feasibility Study Protocol. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:mps6030051. [PMID: 37218911 DOI: 10.3390/mps6030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the known benefits of physical activity in cancer survivors, adherence to exercise guidelines remains low. Known barriers to adhering to guidelines include a lack of time and an unwillingness to return to treatment facilities. Virtual exercise programming could assist in mitigating these barriers. This protocol presents a single arm pilot study exploring the feasibility of personalized Zoom-delivered exercise training for breast and prostate cancer survivors. A secondary objective is to determine the preliminary efficacy of participation on body composition, estimated VO2max, hand grip, one repetition maximum leg press, resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, exercise self-efficacy, and intentions to remain active. METHODS Breast (n = 10) and prostate (n = 10) cancer survivors will participate in a 24-week feasibility study, including (1) 12 weeks of one-on-one virtual personal training with an exercise physiologist (EP) via Zoom, and (2) individual exercise for a 12-week follow-up period using recordings of Zoom sessions for guidance. Physical assessments and surveys will be implemented at baseline, 12 weeks, and at the end of the study (24 weeks from baseline). CONCLUSIONS While virtual exercise programming became popularized during the pandemic, evidence is still required to understand whether it can successfully address barriers and promote participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina H Shirazipour
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Laura Lockshon
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christopher Waring
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aubrey Jarman
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Novalyn Cruz
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Catherine Bresee
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Angela J Fong
- Section of Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gillian Gresham
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Arash Asher
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Urology Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Walker WE, Garcia LF, Singh V, Mireles B, Dwivedi AK. Preclinical Mouse Models in Sepsis: Don't Throw the Baby Out with the Bathwater [Response to Letter]. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2021-2022. [PMID: 37197439 PMCID: PMC10184833 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s417208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Walker
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Luiz F Garcia
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Office of Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Blake Mireles
- Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alok Kumar Dwivedi
- Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Office of Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Tinsley-Vance SM, Ali NA, Ball S, Aguirre LE, Jain AG, Hussaini MO, Chan O, Kuykendall A, Sweet K, Lancet J, Padron E, Sallman DA, Komrokji RS. Sex Disparities in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Genotype, Phenotype, and Outcomes. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:355-359. [PMID: 36813626 PMCID: PMC10121764 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction/Background The impact of biological sex on the clinical phenotype, genotype, and outcomes among patients with MDS is not well characterized. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and genomic data from male and female patients included in our institutional MDS database at Moffitt Cancer Center. Results Among 4580 patients with MDS, 2922 (66%) were men and 1658 (34%) were women. Women were younger (mean age 66.5 vs. 69 years for men, P < .001) at diagnosis. There were more Hispanic/black women than men (9% vs. 5%, P =<.001). Women had lower hemoglobin and higher platelet counts than men. More women had del 5q/monosomy 5 abnormalities compared to men (P =<.001). Therapy related MDS were more common in women than men (25% vs.17%, P=<.001). On assessment of molecular profile, SRSF2, U2AF1, ASXL1, and RUNX1 mutations were more frequent in men. The median overall survival (mOS) was 37.5 months (mo) for females compared to 35 monthsfor males, (P = .002). The mOS was significantly prolonged for women in lower-risk MDS, but not in higher-risk MDS. Women were more likely to respond to immunosuppression with ATG/CSA than men (38% vs. 19%, P= 0.04).Conclusion Ongoing research is needed for understanding the impact of sex on phenotype, genotype, and outcomes in patients diagnosed with MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Tinsley-Vance
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
| | - Najla Al Ali
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Somedeb Ball
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Luis E Aguirre
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Akriti G Jain
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Mohammad Omar Hussaini
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Onyee Chan
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Andrew Kuykendall
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Kendra Sweet
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Jeffrey Lancet
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - David A Sallman
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Rami S Komrokji
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Vogiatzis R, Krüger W, Jünger M, Arnold A. Effects of Extracorporeal Photopheresis on Quality of Life and the Course of Diseases in Patients With Mycosis Fungoides and Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Single-Center Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e38929. [PMID: 37309341 PMCID: PMC10257810 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to systematically analyze the influence of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) on the quality of life (LQ) and the course of the disease in patients with Mycosis Fungoides (MF), as well as with Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD). METHODS LQ was monitored retrospectively by using the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and Skindex-29 test before ECP onset and after the last ECP. Disease parameters were assessed by objective criteria i.e. number of associated medical drugs taken, intervals between therapeutic cycles, gradual change of the disease, and eventual side-effects and complications of ECP therapy. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were treated with ECP during 2008-19; 19 out of 51 died, and follow-up was not completed in 13 patients. Finally, treatment protocols of 671 ECP procedures were evaluated in 19 patients (10 MF; 9 GvHD). MF and GvHD subpopulations did not differ in the individual scores of LQ questions, either before the outset or after the last ECP. DLQI and Skindex-29 scores were ameliorated by the ECP therapy (p= 0.001 and p< 0.001, respectively) due to improvement of individual scores of feelings, daily/social activities (p< 0.05), and functionality (p≤ 0.05). The median interval between ECP cycles was extended from two to eight weeks (p= 0.001). Needs of GvHD patients for drugs being received for the underlying disease were reduced (p= 0.035). Two of the 10 MF patients worsened from stage IIA to IIIA. Severe or minor side effects leading to a therapy interruption were not recorded. CONCLUSION Patients with GvHD experienced a notable decrease in the administration of drugs for their underlying condition, and there were no instances of severe side effects that resulted in the discontinuation of treatment. ECP is safe and effective for the treatment of MF and GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romanos Vogiatzis
- Department of Dermatology, Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, DEU
| | - William Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, DEU
| | - Michael Jünger
- Department of Dermatology, Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, DEU
| | - Andreas Arnold
- Department of Dermatology, Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, DEU
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Angeli F, Bergamaschi L, Rinaldi A, Paolisso P, Armillotta M, Stefanizzi A, Sansonetti A, Amicone S, Impellizzeri A, Bodega F, Canton L, Suma N, Fedele D, Bertolini D, Tattilo FP, Cavallo D, Di Iuorio O, Ryabenko K, Casuso Alvarez M, Galiè N, Foà A, Pizzi C. Sex-Related Disparities in Cardiac Masses: Clinical Features and Outcomes. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082958. [PMID: 37109293 PMCID: PMC10142943 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac masses (CM) represent a heterogeneous clinical scenario, and sex-related differences of these patients remain to be established. PURPOSE To evaluate sex-related disparities in CMs regarding clinical presentation and outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study cohort included 321 consecutive patients with CM enrolled in our Centre between 2004 and 2022. A definitive diagnosis was achieved by histological examination or, in the case of cardiac thrombi, with radiological evidence of thrombus resolution after anticoagulant treatment. All-cause mortality at follow-up was evaluated. Multivariable regression analysis assessed the potential prognostic disparities between men and women. RESULTS Out of 321 patients with CM, 172 (54%) were female. Women were more frequently younger (p = 0.02) than men. Regarding CM histotypes, females were affected by benign masses more frequently (with cardiac myxoma above all), while metastatic tumours were more common in men (p < 0.001). At presentation, peripheral embolism occurred predominantly in women (p = 0.03). Echocardiographic features such as greater dimension, irregular margin, infiltration, sessile mass and immobility were far more common in men. Despite a better overall survival in women, no sex-related differences were observed in the prognosis of benign or malignant masses. In fact, in multivariate analyses, sex was not independently associated with all-cause death. Conversely, age, smoking habit, malignant tumours and peripheral embolism were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of cardiac masses, a significant sex-related difference in histotype prevalence was found: Benign CMs affected female patients more frequently, while malignant tumours affected predominantly men. Despite better overall survival in women, sex did not influence prognosis in benign and malignant masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angeli
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Armillotta
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Stefanizzi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Sansonetti
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Amicone
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Impellizzeri
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bodega
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lisa Canton
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicole Suma
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Damiano Fedele
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Bertolini
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Pio Tattilo
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Cavallo
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ornella Di Iuorio
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Ryabenko
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Casuso Alvarez
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Galiè
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Foà
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Rosiek V, Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Kos-Kudła B. Selected Serum Biomarkers (Leptin, Chromogranin A, CA19-9, CEA) in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm and Associations with Metabolic Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082348. [PMID: 37190276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities are well-known risk factors for many cancers, even though no clearly established link with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has yet been investigated. This research aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin, chromogranin A (CgA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with PanNENs and to search for associations between PanNENs, these selected serum biomarkers, and metabolic abnormalities in the form of metabolic syndrome (MS). Second, we aimed to investigate whether MS increases the risk of PanNENs. The serum concentrations of biomarkers, metabolic parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides), and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI) were assessed in 106 patients with PanNENs and 40 healthy volunteers. Patients with PanNENs showed higher serum concentrations of CA19-9, CEA, and CgA in comparison to controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.042, and p = 0.025, respectively). Statistically significant differences in CEA levels were found in PanNENs patients with MS (p = 0.043). PanNENs patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and who were female exhibited significantly higher leptin levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). Additionally, this study reflects the importance of determining markers. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of metabolic disturbances on PanNENs and accounting for the relationship between PanNENs and MS, such as other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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Al Hadeethi S, El-Baba C, Araji K, Hayar B, Cheikh IA, El-Khoury R, Usta J, Darwiche N. Mannose Inhibits the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Colorectal Cancer and Enhances Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082268. [PMID: 37190196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers and causes of death in patients. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the therapy of choice for CRC, but it exhibits high toxicity and drug resistance. Tumorigenesis is characterized by a deregulated metabolism, which promotes cancer cell growth and survival. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is required for the synthesis of ribonucleotides and the regulation of reactive oxygen species and is upregulated in CRC. Mannose was recently reported to halt tumor growth and impair the PPP. Mannose inhibitory effects on tumor growth are inversely related to the levels of phosphomannose isomerase (PMI). An in silico analysis showed low PMI levels in human CRC tissues. We, therefore, investigated the effect of mannose alone or in combination with 5-FU in human CRC cell lines with different p53 and 5-FU resistance statuses. Mannose resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and synergized with 5-FU treatment in all tested cancer cell lines. Mannose alone or in combination with 5-FU reduced the total dehydrogenase activity of key PPP enzymes, enhanced oxidative stress, and induced DNA damage in CRC cells. Importantly, single mannose or combination treatments with 5-FU were well tolerated and reduced tumor volumes in a mouse xenograft model. In summary, mannose alone or in combination with 5-FU may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Al Hadeethi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Chirine El-Baba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Khaled Araji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Berthe Hayar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Israa Ahmad Cheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Riyad El-Khoury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Julnar Usta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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Bashraheel SS, Kheraldine H, Khalaf S, Moustafa AEA. Metformin and HER2-positive breast cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114676. [PMID: 37037091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the strong association between diabetes and cancer incidents, several anti-diabetic drugs, including metformin, have been examined for their anticancer activity. Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent used as a first-line drug for type II diabetes mellitus. It exhibits anticancer activity by impacting different molecular pathways, such as AMP-inducible protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and AMPK-independent pathways. Additionally, Metformin indirectly inhibits IGF-1R signaling, which is highly activated in breast malignancy. On the other hand, breast cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, where the human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (HER2-positive) subtype is one of the most aggressive ones with a high rate of lymph node metastasis. In this review, we summarize the association between diabetes and human cancer, listing recent evidence of metformin's anticancer activity. A special focus is dedicated to HER2-positive breast cancer with regards to the interaction between HER2 and IGF-1R. Then, we discuss combination therapy strategies of metformin and other anti-diabetic drugs in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadeel Kheraldine
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Khalaf
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, PO. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.
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Baş Z, Sharpe J, Yaghy A, Zhang Q, Shields CL, Hyman L. Prevalence of and Associated Factors for Eyelid Cancer in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight Registry. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100227. [PMID: 36439695 PMCID: PMC9692036 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of eyelid cancers in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry and evaluate the associated factors. DESIGN Retrospective IRIS Registry database study. PARTICIPANTS All patients in the IRIS Registry between December 1, 2010, and December 1, 2018, with International Classification of Disease, ninth and 10th revisions, codes for eyelid cancers (basal cell carcinoma [BCC], squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], malignant melanoma [MM], sebaceous carcinoma/other specified malignant neoplasm [SBC], melanoma in situ [MIS], and unspecified malignant neoplasm [UMN]). METHODS The prevalence of each eyelid cancer type was estimated overall and by age group, sex, race, ethnicity, and smoking status. The associations between any eyelid cancer (AEC) or each cancer type and possible risk factors were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of and associated factors for each eyelid cancer type. RESULTS There were 82 136 patients with eyelid cancer identified. The prevalence of AEC was 145.1 per 100 000 population. The cancer-specific prevalence ranged from 87.9 (BCC) to 25.6 (UMN), 11.1 (SCC), 5.0 (SBC), 4.1 (MM), and 0.4 (MIS) per 100 000 population. The prevalence of AEC and each cancer type increased with increasing age (all P < 0.0001), and the prevalence of AEC, BCC, SCC, and MM was higher in males (all P < 0.0001), MIS (P = 0.02). The prevalence of BCC, SCC, MM, SBC, and AEC was highest in Whites versus that in patients of any other race (all P < 0.0001). In the multivariate logistic regression model with associated risk factors (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and smoking status), AEC was associated with older age groups ([< 20 years reference {ref.}]; odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 20-39 years: 3.35 [1.96-5.72]; 40-65 years: 24.21 [14.80-39.59]; and > 65 years: 42.78 [26.18-69.90]), male sex (female [ref.]; 1.40 [1.33-1.48]), White race (inverse associations with African Americans [0.12 {0.09-0.16}], Asians [0.19 {0.13-0.26}], others [0.59 {0.40-0.89}]), and ethnicity (non-Hispanic [ref.]; Hispanic: 0.38 [0.33-0.45]; unknown: 0.81 [0.75-0.88]). Active smoking (never smoker [ref.]) was associated with AEC (1.11 [1.01-1.21]), BCC (1.27 [1.23-1.31]), SCC (1.59 [1.46-1.73]), and MM (1.26 [1.08-1.46]). CONCLUSIONS This study reports the overall and cancer-specific prevalence of eyelid cancers using a large national clinical eye disease database. Smoking was found to be associated with AEC, BCC, SCC, and MM, which is a new observation. This epidemiologic profile of on-eyelid cancers is valuable for identifying patients at a higher risk of malignancy, allocating medical resources, and improving cancer care.
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Key Words
- AAO, American Academy of Ophthalmolog
- AEC, any eyelid cancer
- AUC, area under the curve
- BCC, basal cell carcinoma
- Basal cell carcinoma
- CI, confidence interval
- ICD, International Classification of Disease
- IRIS Registry
- IRIS, Intelligent Research in Sight
- MIS, melanoma in situ
- MM, malignant melanoma
- Malignant melanoma
- OR, odds ratio
- SBC, sebaceous carcinoma or other specified malignant neoplasm
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- Smoking
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- UMN, unspecified malignant neoplasm
- US, United States
- vs, versus
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Baş
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James Sharpe
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Yaghy
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol L. Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leslie Hyman
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Grahm Valadie O, Brown SL, Farmer K, Nagaraja TN, Cabral G, Shadaia S, Divine GW, Knight RA, Lee IY, Dolan J, Rusu S, Joiner MC, Ewing JR. Characterization of the Response of 9L and U-251N Orthotopic Brain Tumors to 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy. Radiat Res 2023; 199:217-228. [PMID: 36656561 PMCID: PMC10174721 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00048.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In a study employing MRI-guided stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) in two orthotopic rodent brain tumor models, the radiation dose yielding 50% survival (the TCD50) was sought. Syngeneic 9L cells, or human U-251N cells, were implanted stereotactically in 136 Fischer 344 rats or 98 RNU athymic rats, respectively. At approximately 7 days after implantation for 9L, and 18 days for U-251N, rats were imaged with contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) and then irradiated using a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) operating at 220 kV and 13 mA with an effective energy of ∼70 keV and dose rate of ∼2.5 Gy per min. Radiation doses were delivered as single fractions. Cone-beam CT images were acquired before irradiation, and tumor volumes were defined using co-registered CE-MRI images. Treatment planning using MuriPlan software defined four non-coplanar arcs with an identical isocenter, subsequently accomplished by the SARRP. Thus, the treatment workflow emulated that of current clinical practice. The study endpoint was animal survival to 200 days. The TCD50 inferred from Kaplan-Meier survival estimation was approximately 25 Gy for 9L tumors and below 20 Gy, but within the 95% confidence interval in U-251N tumors. Cox proportional-hazards modeling did not suggest an effect of sex, with the caveat of wide confidence intervals. Having identified the radiation dose at which approximately half of a group of animals was cured, the biological parameters that accompany radiation response can be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Grahm Valadie
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Stephen L. Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Katelynn Farmer
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Glauber Cabral
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sheldon Shadaia
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - George W. Divine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan
| | - Robert A. Knight
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Ian Y. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan
| | - Jennifer Dolan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sam Rusu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael C. Joiner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - James R. Ewing
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit Michigan
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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Stabellini N, Tomlinson B, Cullen J, Shanahan J, Waite K, Montero AJ, Barnholtz‐Sloan JS, Hamerschlak N. Sex differences in adults with acute myeloid leukemia and the impact of sex on overall survival. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6711-6721. [PMID: 36419242 PMCID: PMC10067038 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a male predominance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) incidence, but survival data are conflicting. The objective of this study is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of sex differences in AML, and to investigate the impact of sex disparities in survival. METHODS The cohort included patients ≥18 years diagnosed with AML (2010-2022). Demographics, treatment patterns, treatment adverse events, and survival were analyzed. The population was described and compared by sex, and sex-based risks and associations were obtained via Cox proportional-hazards regression. RESULTS In total, 1020 AML patients were analyzed (57.4% males), with lower risk of death for females (aHR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.26-0.66). Among females, BMT (aHR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.97), hospitalization record (aHR = 0.65, 95%CI 0.45-0.93), and higher appointment completion rates (aHR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.98-0.98) were associated with lower risk of death. Overall, and similarly in males, higher age at diagnosis (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04) and a TP53 mutation (aHR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.69-2.97) were associated with higher risk of death. CONCLUSION Sex differences exist in both AML incidence and overall survival. Treatment and health care factors should be addressed by caregivers and public policies developed to reduce mortality rates and mitigate existing sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Stabellini
- Graduate Education OfficeCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyUniversity Hospitals Seidman Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert EinsteinHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Benjamin Tomlinson
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyUniversity Hospitals Seidman Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
| | - John Shanahan
- Cancer InformaticsSeidman Cancer Center at University Hospitals of ClevelandClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kristin Waite
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), Trans‐Divisional Research Program (TDRP)National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alberto J. Montero
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyUniversity Hospitals Seidman Cancer CenterClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jill S. Barnholtz‐Sloan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), Trans‐Divisional Research Program (TDRP)National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT)National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Oncohematology DepartmentHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloBrazil
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Yohana C, Bakuza JS, Kinung’hi SM, Nyundo BA, Rambau PF. The trend of schistosomiasis related bladder cancer in the lake zone, Tanzania: a retrospective review over 10 years period. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:10. [PMID: 36800971 PMCID: PMC9938995 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer is a possible outcome of chronic urinary schistosomiasis in many endemic countries. In Tanzania, the Lake Victoria area is one of the areas with the highest prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and higher incidences of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the urinary bladder. A previous study in the area over one decade (2001-2010) showed SCC to be common in patients aged below 50 years. With various prevention and intervention programs there are likely to be notable changes in schistosomiasis-related urinary bladder cancer, which is currently unknown. Updated information on the status of SCC in this area will be useful for giving an insights into efficacy of control interventions implemented and help guide the initiation of new ones. Therefore, this study was done to determine the current trend of schistosomiasis-related bladder cancer in lake zone, Tanzania. METHODS This was a descriptive retrospective study of histologically confirmed urinary bladder cancer cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Bugando Medical Centre over 10 years period. The patient files and histopathology reports were retrieved and information was extracted. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and student t-test. RESULTS A total of 481 patients were diagnosed with urinary bladder cancer during the study period whereby, 52.6% were males and 47.4% were females. The mean age regardless of histological type of cancer was 55 ± 14.2 years. The SCC was the commonest histological type accounting for 57.0%, followed by transitional cell carcinoma 37.6%, and 5.4% were adenocarcinomas. The Schistosoma haematobium eggs were observed in 25.2% and were commonly associated with SCC (p = 0.001). Poorly differentiated cancers were observed mostly in females (58.6%) compared to males (41.4%) (p = 0.003). Muscular invasion of the urinary bladder by cancer was observed in 11.4% of the patients, and this was significantly higher in non-squamous than in squamous cancers (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Schistosomiasis-related cancers of the urinary bladder in the Lake zone of Tanzania is still a problem. Schistosoma haematobium eggs were associated with SCC type indicating the persistence of infection in the area. This calls for more efforts on preventive and intervention programs to reduce the burden of urinary bladder cancer in the lake zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coletha Yohana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O Box 131, Mbeya, Tanzania.
| | - Jared S. Bakuza
- grid.8193.30000 0004 0648 0244Department of Biological Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE), P.O Box 2329, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Safari M. Kinung’hi
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), P.O Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Bruno A. Nyundo
- grid.8193.30000 0004 0648 0244Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Peter F. Rambau
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando (CUHAS-Bugando), Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Shrestha G, Chang CP, Pun CB, Gautam DK, Siwakoti B, Sapkota A, Hashibe M. Differences in risk factors for head and neck cancer among men and women in Nepal: A case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 82:102319. [PMID: 36566578 PMCID: PMC9852028 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Nepal. The study aims to investigate differences in risk factors for head and neck cancer by sex in Nepal. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at the B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Nepal from 2016 to 2018. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, reproductive factors, household air pollution, tobacco use (smoking and chewing), alcohol consumption, and second-hand smoking was used to collect the data. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS A total of 549 HNC cases (438 men and 111 women) and 601 age-matched healthy controls (479 men and 122 women) were recruited in this study. An increased risk of HNC for low education level and family income were observed among men (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 3rd grade and less= 1.58, 95 % CI= 1.14-2.18; AOR for family monthly income < 5000 Rupees = 1.64, 95 % CI 1.20-2.24). The AORs among women were higher than the men for known risk factors (AOR for smoking 1.34 (95 % CI 0.96-1.86) for men, 2.94 (95 % CI 1.31-6.69) for women; AOR for tobacco chewing 1.76 (95 % CI 1.27-2.46) for men, 10.22 (95 % CI 4.53-23.03) for women). CONCLUSION Our results point to an effect modification by sex for HNC risk factors with high AORs observed among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gambhir Shrestha
- Department of Community Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Chun-Pin Chang
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Chin Bahadur Pun
- Department of Pathology, B. P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Dej Kumar Gautam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Bhola Siwakoti
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Control and Research, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Kulesza W, Dolinski D, Suitner C, Genschow O, Muniak P, Izydorczak K, Salvador Casara BG. It Matters to Whom You Compare Yourself: The Case of Unrealistic Optimism and Gender-Specific Comparisons. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231152154. [PMID: 36721355 PMCID: PMC9899955 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231152154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unrealistic Optimism (UO) appears when comparing participants' risk estimates for themselves with an average peer, which typically results in lower risk estimates for the self. This article reports nuanced effects when comparison varies in terms of the gender of the peer. In three studies (total N = 2,468, representative sample), we assessed people's risk estimates for COVID-19 infections for peers with the same or other gender. If a peer's gender is not taken into account, previous studies were replicated: Compared with others, participants perceived themselves as less likely to get infected with COVID-19. Interestingly, this effect was qualified by gender: Respondents perceived women as less threatened than men because women are perceived as more cautious and compliant with medical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kulesza
- Warsaw Faculty, Centre for Research on
Social Relations, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw,
Poland
| | - Dariusz Dolinski
- Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS
University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Caterina Suitner
- Department of Developmental Psychology
and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Oliver Genschow
- Social Cognition Center Cologne,
University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paweł Muniak
- Warsaw Faculty, Centre for Research on
Social Relations, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw,
Poland
| | - Kamil Izydorczak
- Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS
University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland,Kamil Izydorczak, Faculty of Psychology in
Wroclaw, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Aleksandra
Ostrowskiego 30B, 53-238 Wrocław, Poland.
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Sex differences in drug effects and/or toxicity in oncology. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 4:100152. [PMID: 36714036 PMCID: PMC9881040 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence, incidence, and severity of a wide variety of diseases and ailments are significantly influenced by the significant disparities that occur between the sexes. The way that men and women react to pharmacological treatment also varies. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend these reactions in order to conduct risk assessment correctly and to develop safe and efficient therapies. Even from that limited vantage point, the manner and timing of our drug usage might have unintended and unanticipated consequences. There are sex-specific differences in the incidence and mortality of certain malignancies. One of the most important discoveries in cancer epidemiology is the gender inequalities. Cancer incidence differences between the sexes are thought to be regulated at the genetic and molecular levels and by sex hormones like oestrogen. Differences based on sex and gender are among the least investigated factors impacting cancer susceptibility, progression, survival, and therapy response despite their established importance in clinical care. The molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in particular are poorly known, hence the majority of precision medicine approaches employ mutational or other genetic data to assign therapy without taking into account how the patient's sex may affect therapeutic efficacy. In patients receiving chemotherapy, there are definite gender-dependent disparities in response rates and the likelihood of side effects. This review explores the influence of sex as a biological variable in drug effects or toxicity in oncology.
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da Luz FAC, Nascimento CP, Marinho EDC, Felicidade PJ, Antonioli RM, de Araújo RA, Silva MJB. Survival differences between women and men in the non-reproductive cancers: Results from a matched analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end-results program. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1076682. [PMID: 36684979 PMCID: PMC9853080 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1076682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Men with non-reproductive cancers have a discrepant outcome compared to women. However, they differ significantly in the incidence of cancer type and characteristics. Methods Patients with single primary cancer who were 18 years or older and whose data were gathered and made accessible by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were included in this retrospective analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression before and after propensity score matching were performed to analyze the risk survival by sex. Results Among the 1,274,118 patients included [median (range) age, 65 year (18-85+) years; 688,481 (54.9%) male]. The median follow-up was 21 months (0-191). Substantial improvements in survival were observed for both sexes during the years of inclusion analyzed, with no difference between them, reaching a reduction of almost 17% of deaths in 2010, and of almost 28% in 2015, compared to 2004. The women had a median survival of 74 months and overall mortality of 48.7%. Males had a median survival of 30 months (29.67-30.33) with an overall mortality of 56.2%. The PSM showed a reduced difference (6 months shorter median survival and 2.3% more death in men), but no change in hazards was observed compared to the unmatched analysis [adjusted HR: 0.888 (0.864-0.912) vs. 0.876 (0.866-0.886) in unmatched]. Conclusions The discrepancy in survival between men and women is not explained only by the incidence of more aggressive and more advanced cancers in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil,*Correspondence: Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz ✉; ✉
| | - Camila Piqui Nascimento
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduarda da Costa Marinho
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Júnia Felicidade
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mathias Antonioli
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Agenor de Araújo
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Medical Faculty, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Espinoza AF, Scheurer ME, Chambers TM, Vasudevan SA, Lupo PJ. A population-based assessment of metastatic hepatoblastoma in Texas reveals ethnic disparities. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1049727. [PMID: 36895691 PMCID: PMC9988949 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1049727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary liver cancer in children with emerging evidence that incidence is increasing globally. While overall survival for low risk hepatoblastoma is >90%, children with metastatic disease have worse survival. As identifying factors associated with high-risk disease is critical for improving outcomes for these children, a need for a further understanding of the epidemiology of hepatoblastoma is warranted. Therefore, we conducted a population-based epidemiologic study of hepatoblastoma in Texas, a large state characterized by ethnic and geographic diversity. Methods Information on children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma at 0-19 years of age for the period of 1995-2018 was obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry (TCR). Demographic and clinical variables including sex, race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, urban-rural status, and residence along the Texas-Mexico border were evaluated. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each variable of interest. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to determine the trend in incidence of hepatoblastoma, overall and by ethnicity. Results Overall, 309 children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma in Texas for the period of 1995-2018. Joinpoint regression analysis showed no joinpoints in the overall or the ethnic-specific analyses. Over this period, the incidence increased at 4.59% annually; with the annual percent change higher among Latinos (5.12%) compared to non-Latinos (3.15%). Among these children, 57 (18%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Factors associated with hepatoblastoma included male sex (aIRR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.8, p = 0.002); infancy (aIRR = 7.6, 95% CI: 6.0-9.7, p < 0.001); and Latino ethnicity (aIRR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.7, p = 0.04). Additionally, children living in rural areas were less likely to develop hepatoblastoma (aIRR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-1.0, p = 0.03). While residence on the Texas-Mexico border association with hepatoblastoma approached statistical significance (p = 0.06) in unadjusted models, this finding did not remain significant after adjusting for Latino ethnicity. The two factors associated with being diagnosed with metastatic hepatoblastoma included Latino ethnicity (aIRR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-3.8, p = 0.02) and male sex (aIRR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-4.3, p = 0.003). Conclusions In this large population-based study of hepatoblastoma, we found several factors associated with hepatoblastoma and metastatic disease. The reasons for a higher burden of hepatoblastoma among Latino children is unclear but could be due to differences in geographic genetic ancestry, environmental exposures, or other unmeasured factors. Additionally, it is notable that Latino children were also more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic hepatoblastoma compared to non-Latino white children. To our knowledge, this has not been previously reported and warrants further study to delineate the causes of this disparity and identify interventions to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres F Espinoza
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Section, Texas Children's Hospital, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tiffany M Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Section, Texas Children's Hospital, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Section, Texas Children's Hospital, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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White AA, Lin A, Bickendorf X, Cavve BS, Moore JK, Siafarikas A, Strickland DH, Leffler J. Potential immunological effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender people - an unexplored area of research. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221139612. [PMID: 36533187 PMCID: PMC9747891 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221139612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well-described sex-based differences in how the immune system operates. In particular, cisgender (cis) females have a more easily activated immune system; associated with an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases and adverse events following vaccinations. Conversely, cis males have a higher threshold for immune activation, and are more prone to certain infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Oestrogen and testosterone have immune-modulatory properties, and it is likely that these contribute to the sexual dimorphism of the immune system. There are also important immune-related genes located on the X chromosome, such as toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8; and the mosaic bi-allelic expression of such genes may contribute to the state of immune hyperactivation in cis females. The scientific literature strongly suggests that sex-based differences in the functioning of the immune system are related to both X-linked genes and immune modulation by sex hormones. However, it is currently not clear how this impacts transgender (trans) people receiving gender-affirming hormonal therapy. Moreover, it is estimated that in Australia, at least 2.3% of adolescents identify as trans and/or gender diverse, and referrals to specialist gender-affirming care are increasing each year. Despite the improving social awareness of trans people, they remain chronically underrepresented in the scientific literature. In addition, a small number of case studies describe new onset autoimmune disorders in adult trans females following oestrogen use. However, there is currently minimal long-term research with an immunological focus on trans people. Therefore, to ensure the positive health outcomes of trans people, it is crucial that the role of sex hormones in immune modulation is investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice A. White
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Xander Bickendorf
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia
- Gender Diversity Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Blake S. Cavve
- Gender Diversity Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Julia K. Moore
- Gender Diversity Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Gender Diversity Service, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave., Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Wele P, Wu X, Shi H. Sex-Dependent Differences in Colorectal Cancer: With a Focus on Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223688. [PMID: 36429114 PMCID: PMC9688265 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has the second highest cancer-related mortality in the world. The incident rates of CRC vary country-wise; however, population studies and data from different countries show a general increase in the CRC rate in young adults, males, and females ≥65 years. CRC incidence is affected by age, sex, environmental, dietary, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. Obesity is a known disease that is spreading rapidly throughout the world. A large body of literature indicates that, among many conditions, obesity is the increasing cause of CRC. Even though obesity is one of the known factors for CRC development, limited studies are available that explain the mechanistic link between obesity, sex hormones, and CRC development. Thus, this review summarizes the literature and aims to understand sex-dependent differences in CRC, especially in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Wele
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-529-3162
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Cherkasova V, Wang B, Gerasymchuk M, Fiselier A, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5142. [PMID: 36291926 PMCID: PMC9600568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an ancient homeostasis mechanism operating from embryonic stages to adulthood. It controls the growth and development of many cells and cell lineages. Dysregulation of the components of the ECS may result in uncontrolled proliferation, adhesion, invasion, inhibition of apoptosis and increased vascularization, leading to the development of various malignancies. Cancer is the disease of uncontrolled cell division. In this review, we will discuss whether the changes to the ECS are a cause or a consequence of malignization and whether different tissues react differently to changes in the ECS. We will discuss the potential use of cannabinoids for treatment of cancer, focusing on primary outcome/care-tumor shrinkage and eradication, as well as secondary outcome/palliative care-improvement of life quality, including pain, appetite, sleep, and many more factors. Finally, we will complete this review with the chapter on sex- and gender-specific differences in ECS and response to cannabinoids, and equality of the access to treatments with cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Cherkasova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Marta Gerasymchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Anna Fiselier
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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Pacheco-Barcia V, Gomez D, Obispo B, Mihic Gongora L, Hernandez San Gil R, Cruz-Castellanos P, Gil-Raga M, Villalba V, Ghanem I, Jimenez-Fonseca P, Calderon C. Role of sex on psychological distress, quality of life, and coping of patients with advanced colorectal and non-colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:2025-2037. [PMID: 36310711 PMCID: PMC9611434 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i10.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer must cope with the negative effects of cancer and complications.
AIM To evaluate psychological distress, quality of life, and coping strategies in patients with advanced colorectal cancer compared to non-colorectal cancer based on sex.
METHODS A prospective, transversal, multicenter study was conducted in 203 patients; 101 (50%) had a colorectal and 102 (50%) had digestive, non-colorectal advanced cancer. Participants completed questionnaires evaluating psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory-18), quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and coping strategies (Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer) before starting systemic cancer treatment.
RESULTS The study included 42.4% women. Women exhibited more depressive symptoms, anxiety, functional limitations, and anxious preoccupation than men. Patients with non-colorectal digestive cancer and women showed more somatization and physical symptoms than subjects with colorectal cancer and men. Men with colorectal cancer reported the best health status.
CONCLUSION The degree of disease acceptance in gastrointestinal malignancies may depend on sex and location of the primary digestive neoplasm. Future interventions should specifically address sex and tumor site differences in individuals with advanced digestive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Pacheco-Barcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Alcala University (UAH), Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla, Madrid 28047, Spain
| | - David Gomez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Berta Obispo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Luka Mihic Gongora
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | | | | | - Mireia Gil-Raga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, CIBERONC, Valencia 46014, Spain
| | - Vicente Villalba
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - Ismael Ghanem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Paula Jimenez-Fonseca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo 33007, Spain
| | - Caterina Calderon
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, Spain
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Human Melanoma Cells Differentially Express RNASEL/RNase-L and miR-146a-5p under Sex Hormonal Stimulation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4790-4802. [PMID: 36286041 PMCID: PMC9601115 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the ribonuclease L (RNASEL) coding gene and hsa-miR-146a-5p (miR-146a) have been associated with melanoma in a sex-specific manner. We hypothesized that RNASEL and miR-146a expression could be influenced by sex hormones playing a role in the female advantages observed in melanoma incidence and survival. Thus, we explored the effects of testosterone and 17β-estradiol on RNASEL and miR-146a expression in LM-20 and A375 melanoma cell lines. Direct targeting of miR-146a to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of RNASEL was examined using a luciferase reporter system. Our results indicate that RNASEL is a direct target of miR-146a in both melanoma cell lines. Trough qPCR and western blot analyses, we explored the effect of miR-146a mimic transfection in the presence of each hormone either on RNASEL mRNA level or on protein expression of RNase-L, the enzyme codified by RNASEL gene. In the presence of testosterone or 17β-estradiol, miR-146a overexpression did not influence RNASEL transcript level in LM-20 cell line, but it slightly induced RNASEL mRNA level in A375 cells. Remarkably, miR-146a overexpression was able to repress the protein level of RNase-L in both LM-20 and A375 cells in the presence of each hormone, as well as to elicit high expression levels of the activated form of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, hence confirming the pro-tumorigenic role of miR-146a overexpression in melanoma. Thereafter, we assessed if the administration of each hormone could affect the endogenous expression of RNASEL and miR-146a genes in LM-20 and A375 cell lines. Testosterone exerted no significant effect on RNASEL gene expression in both cell lines, while 17β-estradiol enhanced RNASEL transcript level at least in LM-20 melanoma cells. Conversely, miR-146a transcript augmented only in the presence of testosterone in either melanoma cell line. Importantly, each hormone acted quite the opposite regarding the RNase-L protein expression, i.e., testosterone significantly decreased RNase-L expression, whereas 17β-estradiol increased it. Overall, the data show that, in melanoma cells treated with 17β-estradiol, RNase-L expression increased likely by transcriptional induction of its gene. Testosterone, instead, decreased RNase-L expression in melanoma cell lines with a post-transcriptional mechanism in which miR-146a could play a role. In conclusion, the pro-tumor activity of androgen hormone in melanoma cells could be exacerbated by both miR-146a increase and RNase-L downregulation. These events may contribute to the worse outcome in male melanoma patients.
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Yaseen IF, Farhan HA. Cardiovascular drug interventions in the cardio-oncology clinic by a cardiology pharmacist: ICOP-Pharm study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972455. [PMID: 36247485 PMCID: PMC9556995 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardio-oncology is a rapidly growing field that requires a novel service design to deal with the increasing number of patients. It is reported that the volume of patients at the cardio-oncology clinic in the United Kingdom is 535 patients/5 years and in Canada is 779 patients/7 years. The pharmacist has a role in reducing the consultation time of physicians. Objective To identify the role of a qualified cardiology pharmacist at the cardio-oncology clinic using a new paradigm based on complementary interventions with the cardiologist for the management of patients with cancer and cardiovascular risk factors and/or cardiovascular diseases (CVRF/CVD). Methods A prospective observational study was conducted at the cardio-oncology clinic in the Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq between December 2020 and December 2021. Patients with CVRF/CVD were registered. The Iraqi Cardio-Oncology Program-Pharmacist (ICOP-Pharm) paradigm was designed to involve a qualified cardiology pharmacist for initial cardiovascular (CV) drug interventions. Results Among 333 patients who attended our clinic over the 1-year interval, 200 (60%) CVRF/CVD cases were enrolled in the study, and of them 79 (40%) patients had CV drug interventions. A total of 196 interventions were done, including 147 (75%) cases performed by the cardiology pharmacist, and 92 (63%) of the latter were CV drug initiations. Among the total CVRF/CVD treated initially by the cardiology pharmacist, hypertension 32 (26%) and cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction 29 (24%) were the main types. Conclusion The qualified cardiology pharmacist was responsible for three-quarters of the initial CV drug interventions at the cardio-oncology clinic in a complementary approach to the cardiologist. The role of the cardiology pharmacist in the ICOP-Pharm paradigm may be one of the reasons for the ability of the heart team to manage 3-fold of the patient volume when compared with those in the United Kingdom or Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Fadhil Yaseen
- Baghdad Heart Center, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
- Scientific Council of Cardiology, Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan Ali Farhan
- Baghdad Heart Center, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
- Scientific Council of Cardiology, Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations, Baghdad, Iraq
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Zhuo M, Chen Z, Zhong ML, Liu YM, Lei F, Qin JJ, Sun T, Yang C, Chen MM, Song XH, Wang LF, Li Y, Zhang XJ, Zhu L, Cai J, Ye JM, Zhou G, Zeng Y. The global disease burden attributable to a diet low in fibre in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Public Health Nutr 2022; 26:1-12. [PMID: 36138541 PMCID: PMC10131147 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship of a diet low in fibre with mortality has not been evaluated. This study aims to assess the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) attributable to a diet low in fibre globally from 1990 to 2019. DESIGN All data were from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, in which the mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) and years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated with Bayesian geospatial regression using data at global, regional and country level acquired from an extensively systematic review. SETTING All data sourced from the GBD Study 2019. PARTICIPANTS All age groups for both sexes. RESULTS The age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) declined in most GBD regions; however, in Southern sub-Saharan Africa, the ASMR increased from 4·07 (95 % uncertainty interval (UI) (2·08, 6·34)) to 4·60 (95 % UI (2·59, 6·90)), and in Central sub-Saharan Africa, the ASMR increased from 7·46 (95 % UI (3·64, 11·90)) to 9·34 (95 % UI (4·69, 15·25)). Uptrends were observed in the age-standardised YLD rates attributable to a diet low in fibre in a number of GBD regions. The burden caused by diabetes mellitus increased in Central Asia, Southern sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe. CONCLUSIONS The burdens of disease attributable to a diet low in fibre in Southern sub-Saharan Africa and Central sub-Saharan Africa and the age-standardised YLD rates in a number of GBD regions increased from 1990 to 2019. Therefore, greater efforts are needed to reduce the disease burden caused by a diet low in fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao-Lin Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye-Mao Liu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Qin
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengzhang Yang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Chen
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Song
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ming Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang438021, People’s Republic of China
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Regional and national burden of leukemia and its attributable burden to risk factors in 21 countries and territories of North Africa and Middle East, 1990-2019: results from the GBD study 2019. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04293-7. [PMID: 36048271 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regional and national data on leukemia's burden provide a better comprehension of leukemia's trends and are vital for policy-makers for better allocation of the resources. This study reports the burden of leukemia, and the attributed burden to its risk factors in 21 countries and territories of the North Africa and Middle East. METHODS Data from cancer registration, scientific literature, survey, and reports were the input to estimate the burden of leukemia. In addition, the burden of attributable risk factors with evidence of causation with leukemia was calculated using the comparative risk assessment framework. All measures are reported as counts and rates divided by sex and specific age groups. RESULTS In 2019, there were 39,297 (95% uncertainty interval: 32,617-45,056) incident cases of leukemia with an age-standardized rate (ASR) of 7.8 (6.5-8.8) per 100,000 in the region. There were also 25,143 (21,109-28,826) deaths and 1,011,555 (822,537-1,173,621) DALYs attributed to Leukemia with an ASR of 5.4 (4.6-6.1) per 100,000 and 183.4 (150.7-211.2) per 100,000, respectively. Years of life lost (YLLs) (179.4 [147.2-206.7]) were accountable for the major part of DALYs. All count measures increased, while all the ASRs decreased during 1990-2019. The Syrian Arab Republic, Qatar, and Afghanistan had the highest ASR incidence, mortality, and DALYs rate in 2019. Incidence, DALYs, and prevalence rates were higher in males of all age groups except under five, and the highest rates were observed in +75 age group. Four major risk factors for leukemia were smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde. CONCLUSION Despite the reduction in age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality, the burden of leukemia has increased steadily, due to population growth and aging. Notable variations exist between age-standardized rates in region's countries.
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Rissanen I, Nerg I, Ala-Mursula L, Korhonen M. Lost individual income due to severe health events: life-course perspective in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:723-728. [PMID: 36040214 PMCID: PMC9527968 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe health events may lead to reduced income among survivors. Importantly, individuals’ risks for both severe health events and for lower income are shaped by early life course. Our aim was to consider early-life factors in determining lost individual income after stroke, heart attack and cancer between ages 18 and 50. Methods A population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 12 058) was used. Early-life factors were collected since mid-pregnancy until age 16 years and used to match all persons with stroke, heart attack, or cancer (n = 995) with four controls. Registered annual individual income development 15 years before and after the event was compared between cases and propensity score matched controls using time-to-event mixed models, stratified for sex. Results Compared to controls, a new decreasing income trend emerged among women after stroke (logarithmic income per time −0.54; 95% CI −0.88 to −0.20), whereas men getting stroke showed declining earnings already by the time of the event, further declining after stroke (−1.00, −1.37 to −0.63). Getting heart attack was associated with a new declining trend both in women (−0.68; −1.28 to −0.09) and men (−0.69, −1.05 to −0.32). Income declined also among control men (−0.24, −0.34 to −0.14), who had higher income but were less educated than control women. Conclusions Stroke and heart attack but not cancer have exogenous deleterious effects on individual economy, independently of early-life factors. The effects accelerate by time. Negative income trend in control men shows that severe health events do not explain all decrease in income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rissanen
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Iiro Nerg
- Department of Economics, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Ala-Mursula
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Korhonen
- Department of Economics, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Escobar KM, Vicente-Villardon JL, Villacís Gonzalez RE, Castillo Cordova PH, Sánchez Rodríguez JM, De la Cruz-Velez M, Siteneski A. Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Analysis of Prevalence, Incidence, and Survival in a Hospital-Based Study in Ecuador. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1569. [PMID: 36011226 PMCID: PMC9408119 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a heterogeneous malignancy group of neoplasms, with a limited amount of data from Latin America. Thus, this observational study aimed to provide data about the prevalence, incidence, and survival rates for NET in Ecuadorian hospitals. The study was conducted using data from the Society for the Fight Against Cancer (SOLCA). We evaluated patients with NETs (2000−2020) using the HJ-Biplot method and Cox proportional hazards. Annual age-adjusted incidence and limited-duration prevalence in multivariable analyses as well as hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and survival were obtained. In the years 2000−2020, the age-adjusted incidence rate increased by 9-fold in the stomach and by 7-fold in the breast. The incidence rates were 1.38 per 100,000 persons in the lung and at 1.79 per 100,000 persons in gastroenteropancreatic sites (rectum, stomach, and pancreas). The prevalence increased from 0.0027% in 2000 to 0.0736% in 2019 and 0.0245% in 2020. Overall survival was worse for metastatic NETs (HR, 4.061; 95% CI, 1.932−8.540; p < 0.001) and advanced local NETs (HR, 2.348; 95% CI, 1.007−5.475 p < 0.048) than for localized NETs. In conclusion, the NET incidence increased in the last 20 years and survival decreased over time, especially for metastatic tumors in the pancreas and the nostril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karime Montes Escobar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Basic Sciences, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
- Statistics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Johanna Mabel Sánchez Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Laica Eloi Alfaro de Manabí, Manta 130203, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi, Jipijapa 130650, Ecuador
| | - Melina De la Cruz-Velez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medicine Career, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
| | - Aline Siteneski
- Research Institute, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
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87
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Sex differences in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. BLOOD SCIENCE 2022; 4:185-191. [PMID: 36311819 PMCID: PMC9592170 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a continuous and well-regulated process requiring both the capacity for self-renewal and the potential for differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Multiple studies indicate that sex hormones exert significant effects on not only hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, but also the development of hematopoietic lineages, resulting in sexual dimorphisms in normal hematopoiesis. Hematologic malignancies comprise a wide variety of cancers affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative diseases. Overall, males are at greater risk and have worse prognosis for most of these malignancies compared with females. A better understanding of the differences between male and female could be of substantial value in research as well as clinical management.
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88
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Golder S, O'Connor K, Wang Y, Stevens R, Gonzalez-Hernandez G. Best Practices on Big Data Analytics to Address Sex-Specific Biases in Our Understanding of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Diseases. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2022; 5:251-267. [PMID: 35562851 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-122120-025806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A bias in health research to favor understanding diseases as they present in men can have a grave impact on the health of women. This paper reports on a conceptual review of the literature on machine learning or natural language processing (NLP) techniques to interrogate big data for identifying sex-specific health disparities. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO in October 2021 using synonyms and indexing terms for (a) "women," "men," or "sex"; (b) "big data," "artificial intelligence," or "NLP"; and (c) "disparities" or "differences." From 902 records, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the inclusion by sex is inconsistent and often unreported, although the inclusion of men in these studies is disproportionately less than women. Even though artificial intelligence and NLP techniques are widely applied in healthresearch, few studies use them to take advantage of unstructured text to investigate sex-related differences or disparities. Researchers are increasingly aware of sex-based data bias, but the process toward correction is slow. We reflect on best practices on using big data analytics to address sex-specific biases in understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Golder
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Karen O'Connor
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (DBEI), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Yunwen Wang
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robin Stevens
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Graciela Gonzalez-Hernandez
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (DBEI), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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Hussey C, Gupta A. Exercise Interventions to Combat Cancer-Related Fatigue in Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment: A Review. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:822-838. [PMID: 35880818 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
There was an average of 45,753 cancer diagnoses each year in Ireland from 2018-2020. Estimates state that by the year 2045, this average could increase by 50-100%. There are over 170,000 cancer survivors living in Ireland. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent and debilitating side effect of cancer and cancer treatment. Research has demonstrated that exercise is an effective intervention to combat CRF. This review will examine the scope of CRF and critically analyse exercise interventions to combat CRF in cancer patients undergoing treatment.Aerobic exercise interventions and multimodal exercise (aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and flexibility exercise) interventions have been shown to improve symptoms of fatigue in cancer patients undergoing treatment. The effect of resistance training on CRF in cancer patients during treatment is not well understood. Aerobic exercise and multimodal exercise appear to combat CRF by improving one or more of the following health-related fitness parameters; aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition.A standardised process of recording the intensity and volume of aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercise should be developed. Future studies should investigate in greater detail the role of resistance training in reducing CRF among cancer patients. Qualitative methods should be developed to investigate the role the group dynamic has on cancer patients during group based interventions. These qualitative methods may be able to determine the importance the delivery of exercise plays in reducing CRF. Biomarkers of CRF should be investigated and examined in relation to the specific dose of exercise that patients perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Hussey
- Discipline of Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Physiology, National University of Ireland, Galway
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90
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Rendina D, Abate V, Cacace G, D'Elia L, De Filippo G, Del Vecchio S, Galletti F, Cuocolo A, Strazzullo P. Tumor-induced Osteomalacia: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient's Data Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3428-e3436. [PMID: 35468192 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, usually caused by small, benign, and slow-growing phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. Clinically, TIO is characterized by renal phosphate leak, causing hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia. This review was performed to assess the clinical characteristics of TIO patients described worldwide so far. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION On June 26, 2021, a systematic search was performed in Medline, Google Scholar, Google book, and Cochrane Library using the terms: "tumor induced osteomalacia," "oncogenic osteomalacia," "hypophosphatemia." There were no language restrictions. This review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. EVIDENCE RESULTS Overall, 1725 TIO cases were collected. TIO was more frequent in adult men, who showed a higher incidence of fractures compared with TIO women. The TIO-causing neoplasms were identified in 1493 patients. The somatostatin receptor-based imaging modalities have the highest sensitivity for the identification of TIO-causing neoplasms. TIO-causing neoplasms were equally located in bone and soft tissues; the latter showed a higher prevalence of fractures and deformities. The surgery is the preferred TIO definitive treatment (successful in > 90% of patients). Promising nonsurgical therapies are treatments with burosumab in TIO patients with elevated fibroblast growth factor-23 levels, and with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs in patients with TIO-causing neoplasm identified by somatostatin receptor-based imaging techniques. CONCLUSION TIO occurs preferentially in adult men. The TIO clinical expressiveness is more severe in men as well as in patients with TIO-causing neoplasms located in soft tissues. Treatments with burosumab and with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs are the most promising nonsurgical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Veronica Abate
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cacace
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lanfranco D'Elia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo De Filippo
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie et DiabétologiePédiatrique, Paris 75015, France
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
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91
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Chmielewski NN, Limoli CL. Sex Differences in Taxane Toxicities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143325. [PMID: 35884386 PMCID: PMC9317669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clinically observed sex differences in acute and long-term taxane chemotherapy-induced normal tissue toxicity are routinely documented but remain poorly understood despite the significant impact such toxicities have on treatment tolerance and quality of life outcomes in cancer survivors. This review draws from pre-clinical and clinical literature to highlight sex-specific mechanisms of action in taxane drug toxicity and proposes hypotheses for sex-specific clinical discrepancies in taxane-induced acute and long-term toxicities. To our knowledge, this is the first review exploring how sex as a biological variable impacts taxane-mediated mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes. In doing so, we have provided a novel framework to investigate and understand common sex differences observed in clinical and pre-clinical research. Abstract The taxane family of microtubule poisons and chemotherapeutics have been studied for over 50 years and are among the most frequently used antineoplastic agents today. Still, limited research exists characterizing taxane-induced sex-specific mechanisms of action and toxicities in cancer and non-cancerous tissue. Such research is important to advance cancer treatment outcomes as well as to address clinically observed sex-differences in short- and long-term taxane-induced toxicities that have disproportionate effects on female and male cancer patients. To gain more insight into these underlying differences between the sexes, the following review draws from pre-clinical and clinical paclitaxel and taxane oncology literature, examines sex-discrepancies, and highlights uncharacterized sex-dependent mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first literature review to provide a current overview of the basic and clinical sex dimorphisms of taxane-induced effects. Most importantly, we hope to provide a starting point for improving and advancing sex-specific personalized chemotherapy and cancer treatment strategies as well as to present a novel approach to review sex as a biological variable in basic and clinical biology.
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92
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Bose M, Jefferies C. Sex bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: a molecular insight. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2022; 4:e00004. [PMID: 35966636 PMCID: PMC9358995 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acknowledging sex differences in immune response is particularly important when we consider the differences between men and women in the incidence of disease. For example, over 80% of autoimmune disease occurs in women, whereas men have a higher incidence of solid tumors compared to women. In general women have stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than men, explaining their ability to clear viral and bacterial infections faster, but also contributing to their increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease. The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the archetypical sexually dimorphic disease, with 90% of patients being women. Various mechanisms have been suggested to account for the female prevalence of SLE, including sex hormones, X-linked genes, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here, we will discuss how these mechanisms contribute to pathobiology of SLE and how type I interferons work with them to augment sex specific disease pathogenesis in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Bose
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Jefferies
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zambrano CN, Lu W, Johnson C, Beeber M, Panitz A, Ibrahim S, Fraser M, Ma GX, Navder K, Yeh MC, Ogunwobi OO. Dietary behavior and urinary gallic acid concentration differences among underserved elder racial and ethnic minorities in New York City. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:929-937. [PMID: 35438359 PMCID: PMC9188520 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Diet and nutrition are important for cancer prevention. To investigate associations between dietary behavior, demographics, and risk of cancer, we assessed dietary behavior and urinary concentration of gallic acid, a polyphenol with anticancer properties found in various fruits and vegetables, in racial and ethnic minorities. Methods Ninety-one (91) participants were recruited from senior centers in East Harlem, New York City, a racially diverse and underserved community. A National Institute of Health (NIH)—validated dietary survey questionnaire—was used to collect dietary fruits and vegetables consumption data. Demographic and cancer information were also collected. All 91 participants completed the survey and forty-five (45) participants provided urine samples for gallic acid analysis. Results Gender differences were significantly associated with dietary behavior and urinary gallic acid concentration (UGAC). Female participants had a higher total daily intake of fruits and a significantly higher UGAC compared to male participants (p < 0.05). Age was negatively associated with the serving quantity of French fries/fried potatoes and white potatoes (p < 0.05), while positively associated with the daily intake frequency and daily intake of fruits (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Asian race was associated with higher daily intake frequencies of fruits and vegetable soup (p < 0.05), compared to other races. In a multivariate analysis, a significant association was observed between the serving quantities of fruits and other vegetables and UGAC (p < 0.05) after controlling for demographic characteristics. Conclusion The observed differences in dietary behavior and UGAC in this study provide limited information on the association between demographic differences and cancer prevalence in elder racial and ethnic minorities. Future research should investigate this association further for potential implications in cancer prevention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10552-022-01581-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina N Zambrano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, HN310A, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Wenyue Lu
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sociology Department, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cicely Johnson
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, HN310A, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Maayan Beeber
- Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - April Panitz
- Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Safa Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, HN310A, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Marilyn Fraser
- Arthur Ashe Institute for Urban Health, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Grace X Ma
- Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Khursheed Navder
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, HN310A, New York, 10065, USA
- Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Ming-Chin Yeh
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, HN310A, New York, 10065, USA
- Nutrition Program, School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, USA.
- Hunter College Center for Cancer Health Disparities Research (CCHDR), Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, HN310A, New York, 10065, USA.
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Lv M, Yan X, Tu Y. A Predictive Web-Based Nomogram for Elderly Patients Newly Diagnosed as Uveal Melanoma: A Population-Based Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:799083. [PMID: 35814753 PMCID: PMC9259836 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.799083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary intraocular tumor in adults. This study aims to develop a nomogram and an individualized web-based calculator to predict the overall survival (OS) of elderly patients with UM. Methods Patients aged more than 60 years and diagnosed with UM were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2004–2015. The selected patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, the univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were carried out to determine the independent prognostic factors, and the predictors were integrated to establish a nomogram for predicting the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS of elderly patients with UM. The discrimination of the nomogram was validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). The clinical practicability and accuracy of the nomogram were evaluated by the calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). A web-based survival calculator was then constructed using a fitted survival prediction model (https://yuexinupup.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/). Results A total of 1,427 patients with UM were included in this study. Age, T stage, N stage, M stage, marital status, sex, and radiotherapy (RT) were identified as independent prognostic factors. Based on the abovementioned factors, the nomogram was then constructed. The AUC values of the nomogram predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS were 0.841, 0.801, and 0.768 in the training cohort, and 0.745, 0.717, and 0.710 in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curves and DCA also indicated the good performance of the predictive model. Conclusion This study established and validated a novel nomogram risk stratification model and a web-based survival rate calculator that can dynamically predict the long-term OS for elderly patients with UM.
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95
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Katsaounou K, Nicolaou E, Vogazianos P, Brown C, Stavrou M, Teloni S, Hatzis P, Agapiou A, Fragkou E, Tsiaoussis G, Potamitis G, Zaravinos A, Andreou C, Antoniades A, Shiammas C, Apidianakis Y. Colon Cancer: From Epidemiology to Prevention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060499. [PMID: 35736432 PMCID: PMC9229931 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no molecular biomarkers of risk in clinical use. One in twenty CRC cases presents with an established heritable component. The remaining cases are sporadic and associated with partially obscure genetic, epigenetic, regenerative, microbiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. To tackle this complexity, we should improve the practice of colonoscopy, which is recommended uniformly beyond a certain age, to include an assessment of biomarkers indicative of individual CRC risk. Ideally, such biomarkers will be causal to the disease and potentially modifiable upon dietary or therapeutic interventions. Multi-omics analysis, including transcriptional, epigenetic as well as metagenomic, and metabolomic profiles, are urgently required to provide data for risk analyses. The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on the multifactorial derailment of homeostasis leading to the initiation of CRC, which may be explored via multi-omics and Gut-on-Chip analysis to identify much-needed predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Katsaounou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Paris Vogazianos
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cameron Brown
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Marios Stavrou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Savvas Teloni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece;
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | | | | | | | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Athos Antoniades
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Unger JM, Vaidya R, Albain KS, LeBlanc M, Minasian LM, Gotay CC, Henry NL, Fisch MJ, Lee SM, Blanke CD, Hershman DL. Sex Differences in Risk of Severe Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, or Chemotherapy in Cancer Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1474-1486. [PMID: 35119908 PMCID: PMC9061143 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Women have more adverse events (AEs) from chemotherapy than men, but few studies have investigated sex differences in immune or targeted therapies. We examined AEs by sex across different treatment domains. METHODS We analyzed treatment-related AEs by sex in SWOG phase II and III clinical trials conducted between 1980 and 2019, excluding sex-specific cancers. AE codes and grade were categorized using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Symptomatic AEs were defined as those aligned with the National Cancer Institute's Patient-Reported Outcome-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events; laboratory-based or observable/measurable AEs were designated as objective (hematologic v nonhematologic). Multivariable logistic regression was used, adjusting for age, race, and disease prognosis. Thirteen symptomatic and 14 objective AE categories were examined. RESULTS In total, N = 23,296 patients (women, 8,838 [37.9%]; men, 14,458 [62.1%]) from 202 trials experiencing 274,688 AEs were analyzed; 17,417 received chemotherapy, 2,319 received immunotherapy, and 3,560 received targeted therapy. Overall, 64.6% (n = 15,051) experienced one or more severe (grade ≥ 3) AEs. Women had a 34% increased risk of severe AEs compared with men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.42; P < .001), including a 49% increased risk among those receiving immunotherapy (OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.78; P < .001). Women experienced an increased risk of severe symptomatic AEs among all treatments, especially immunotherapy (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.01; P < .001). Women receiving chemotherapy or immunotherapy experienced increased severe hematologic AE. No statistically significant sex differences in risk of nonhematologic AEs were found. CONCLUSION The greater severity of both symptomatic AEs and hematologic AEs in women across multiple treatment modalities indicates that broad-based sex differences exist. This could be due to differences in AE reported, pharmacogenomics of drug metabolism/disposition, total dose received, and/or adherence to therapy. Particularly large sex differences were observed for patients receiving immunotherapy, suggesting that studying AEs from these agents is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Unger
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Riha Vaidya
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathy S. Albain
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Michael LeBlanc
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Lori M. Minasian
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, MD
| | - Carolyn C. Gotay
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Charles D. Blanke
- SWOG Group Chair's Office/Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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97
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Wang C, Lashua LP, Carter CE, Johnson SK, Wang M, Ross TM, Ghedin E, Zhang B, Forst CV. Sex disparities in influenza: A multiscale network analysis. iScience 2022; 25:104192. [PMID: 35479404 PMCID: PMC9036134 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases because of differential immune responses between females and males have been well-documented for multiple pathogens. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the observed sex differences in influenza virus infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a network-based approach to characterize the blood transcriptome collected over the course of infection with influenza A virus from female and male ferrets to dissect sex-biased gene expression. We identified significant differences in the temporal dynamics and regulation of immune responses between females and males. Our results elucidate sex-differentiated pathways involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR), lipid metabolism, and inflammatory responses, including a female-biased IRE1/XBP1 activation and male-biased crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming and IL-1 and AP-1 pathways. Overall, our study provides molecular insights into sex differences in transcriptional regulation of immune responses and contributes to a better understanding of sex biases in influenza pathogenesis. Regulation of immune responses between females and males is significantly different Rapid activation of UPR in females triggers potent immune and inflammatory responses Male-specific regulatory pattern in the AP1 pathway indicate a bias in immune response
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren P. Lashua
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chalise E. Carter
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Scott K. Johnson
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029-6501, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029-6501, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1677, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Christian V. Forst
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029-6501, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1498, New York, NY 10029-6574
- Corresponding author
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98
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Low Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Increased Risk of Mortality in Korean Men and Adults with Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091849. [PMID: 35565816 PMCID: PMC9105830 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown no effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease, cancer events and mortality or all-cause mortality in Western populations. However, there has been a lack of research on populations with low vitamin D status, including Asians. In addition, there have been indications that an individual’s sex or hypertension status may affect the relationship between vitamin D status and mortality. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the association between vitamin D status and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in Koreans using a national database, and stratified participants according to sex and hypertension status. Methods Participants in the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008−2014, who consented to their data being synthesized with mortality data (up to December 2019), were included (n = 22,742; mean follow-up: 8.9 years). Participants’ level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by radioimmunoassay and categorized as <12, 12−19.9, and ≥20 ng/mL. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the risk of mortality. Results In the total sample, risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality was greater in adults with a serum 25(OH)D level below 12 and 12−19.9 ng/mL than those with ≥20 ng/mL. Men and adults with hypertension, who had low vitamin D status, had a higher risk of cancer and cardiovascular mortality, but not women or adults without hypertension. Similar results were observed when various cutoffs for 25(OH)D were employed, or extrinsic deaths were excluded. Conclusions Vitamin D status below 20 ng/mL is associated with a higher risk of mortality in Korean adults, especially in men and those with hypertension, on the basis of data from a nationally representative sample. Further RCTs on Asian adults with low vitamin D status are warranted.
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99
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Kowalska AA, Czaplicka M, Nowicka AB, Chmielewska I, Kędra K, Szymborski T, Kamińska A. Lung Cancer: Spectral and Numerical Differentiation among Benign and Malignant Pleural Effusions Based on the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050993. [PMID: 35625729 PMCID: PMC9138770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here that the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique in conjunction with the partial least squares analysis is as a potential tool for the differentiation of pleural effusion in the course of the cancerous disease and a tool for faster diagnosis of lung cancer. Pleural effusion occurs mainly in cancer patients due to the spread of the tumor, usually caused by lung cancer. Furthermore, it can also be initiated by non-neoplastic diseases, such as chronic inflammatory infection (the most common reason for histopathological examination of the exudate). The correlation between pleural effusion induced by tumor and non-cancerous diseases were found using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) multivariate analysis method. The PCR predicts 96% variance for the division of neoplastic and non-neoplastic samples in 13 principal components while PLS 95% in only 10 factors. Similarly, when analyzing the SERS data to differentiate the type of tumor (squamous cell vs. adenocarcinoma), PLS gives more satisfactory results. This is evidenced by the calculated values of the root mean square errors of calibration and prediction but also the coefficients of calibration determination and prediction (R2C = 0.9570 and R2C = 0.7968), which are more robust and rugged compared to those calculated for PCR. In addition, the relationship between cancerous and non-cancerous samples in the dependence on the gender of the studied patients is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Aniela Kowalska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (A.B.N.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Marta Czaplicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (A.B.N.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Ariadna B. Nowicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (A.B.N.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Izabela Chmielewska
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Kędra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (A.B.N.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (A.B.N.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (A.B.N.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (A.K.)
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100
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Motlhale M, Sitas F, Bradshaw D, Chen WC, Singini MG, de Villiers CB, Lewis CM, Muchengeti M, Waterboer T, Mathew CG, Newton R, Singh E. Lifestyle factors associated with sex differences in Kaposi sarcoma incidence among adult black South Africans: A case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102158. [PMID: 35421713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is endemic in several countries in Southern and Eastern Africa, relatively rare worldwide but a leading cancer among people living with HIV. KS has always been more common in adult males than females. We assessed the prevalence of known cancer modifying factors (parity, hormonal contraceptive use in females, sex-partners, smoking and alcohol consumption in both sexes), and their relationship to KS, and whether any of these could account for the unequal KS sex ratios. We calculated logistic regression case-control adjusted odds ratios (ORadj), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), between KS and each of the modifying factors, using appropriate comparison controls. Controls were cancer types that had no known relationship to exposures of interest (infection or alcohol or smoking or contraceptive use). The majority of the 1275 KS cases were HIV positive (97%), vs. 15.7% in 10,309 controls. The risk of KS among those with HIV was high in males (ORadj=116.70;95%CI=71.35-190.88) and females (ORadj=93.91;95%CI=54.22-162.40). Among controls, the prevalence of smoking and alcohol consumption was five and three times higher in males vs. females. We found a positive association between KS and heavy vs. non-drinking (ORadj=1.31;95%CI=1.03-1.67), and in current heavy vs. never smokers (ORadj=1.82;95%CI=1.07-3.10). These associations remained positive for alcohol consumption (but with wider CIs) after stratification by sex, and restriction to HIV positive participants. We found no evidence of interactions of smoking and alcohol by sex. Smoking and alcohol consumption may provide a possible explanation for the KS sex differences, given both exposures are more common in men, but confounding and bias cannot be fully ruled out. The role smoking and alcohol play in relation to viral loads of HIV/KSHV, differences in immunological responses or other genetic differences between males and females warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melitah Motlhale
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, School of Population Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia; Menzies Centre of Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Debbie Bradshaw
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mwiza Gideon Singini
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chantal Babb de Villiers
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Mazvita Muchengeti
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher G Mathew
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Newton
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Singh
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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