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Sprott D, Poitz DM, Korovina I, Ziogas A, Phieler J, Chatzigeorgiou A, Mitroulis I, Deussen A, Chavakis T, Klotzsche-von Ameln A. Endothelial-Specific Deficiency of ATG5 (Autophagy Protein 5) Attenuates Ischemia-Related Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1137-1148. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.309973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Pathological angiogenesis, such as exuberant retinal neovascularization during proliferative retinopathies, involves endothelial responses to ischemia/hypoxia and oxidative stress. Autophagy is a clearance system enabling bulk degradation of intracellular components and is implicated in cellular adaptation to stressful conditions. Here, we addressed the role of the ATG5 (autophagy-related protein 5) in endothelial cells in the context of pathological ischemia-related neovascularization in the murine model of retinopathy of prematurity.
Approach and Results—
Autophagic vesicles accumulated in neovascular tufts of the retina of retinopathy of prematurity mice. Endothelium-specific
Atg5
deletion reduced pathological neovascularization in the retinopathy of prematurity model. In contrast, no alterations in physiological retina vascularization were observed in endothelial-specific ATG5 deficiency, suggesting a specific role of endothelial ATG5 in pathological hypoxia/reoxygenation–related angiogenesis. Consistently, in an aortic ring angiogenesis assay, endothelial ATG5 deficiency resulted in impaired angiogenesis under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. As compared to ATG5-sufficient endothelial cells, ATG5-deficient cells displayed impaired mitochondrial respiratory activity, diminished production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and decreased phosphorylation of the VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2). Consistently, ATG5-deficient endothelial cells displayed decreased oxidative inactivation of PTPs (phospho-tyrosine phosphatases), likely due to the reduced reactive oxygen species levels resulting from ATG5 deficiency.
Conclusions—
Our data suggest that endothelial ATG5 supports mitochondrial function and proangiogenic signaling in endothelial cells in the context of pathological hypoxia/reoxygenation–related neovascularization. Endothelial ATG5, therefore, represents a potential target for the treatment of pathological neovascularization-associated diseases, such as retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sprott
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - David M. Poitz
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (D.M.P.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Irina Korovina
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (I.K.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Athanasios Ziogas
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Phieler
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Deussen
- Institute for Physiology (A.D., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Klotzsche-von Ameln
- From the Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty (D.S., D.M.P., I.K., A.Z., J.P., A.C., I.M., T.C., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Physiology (A.D., A.K.-v.A.), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Pang Y, Pan L, Zhang Y, Liu G. TP53BP2 decreases cell proliferation and induces autophagy in neuroblastoma cell lines. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4976-4984. [PMID: 31186708 PMCID: PMC6507348 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein p53-binding protein 2 (TP53BP2), a member of the apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (ASPP) family, has previously been reported to be associated with tumor development. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of TP53BP2 in neuroblastoma has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of TP53BP2 in the proliferation and autophagy of neuroblastoma. An expression vector that expresses TP53BP2-specific short hairpin RNA (shTP53BP2) was used for the experimental group and green fluorescent protein short hairpin RNA was used as a control. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assays, self-renewal was evaluated using soft agar assays, light chain 3 (LC3) II expression level was examined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis, and the autophagy-related 3 homolog (ATG3), autophagy-related 5 homolog (ATG5) and autophagy-related 9 homolog (ATG7) expression levels were examined using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A genomics analysis revealed that TP53BP2 expression was associated with the survival of patients with neuroblastoma. Western blot and RT-qPCR assays indicated that TP53BP2 could be implicated in neuroblastoma, as the proliferative ability of the experimental group decreased compared with that of the control group (P<0.001) and the expression levels of genes associated with autophagy, including LC3 II. ATG3, ATG5 and ATG7, increased in the experimental group. In conclusion, an increased expression of TP53BP2 in patients with neuroblastoma may be associated with poor survival and shTP53BP2 may decrease the proliferative abilities of neuroblastoma cells, including BE(2)C and SK-N-DZ cell lines. In addition, the LC3 II, ATG3, ATG5 and ATG7 expression levels increased and were associated with increased rates of autophagy following upregulation of TP53BP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404110, P.R. China
| | - Lianhong Pan
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents '111' Base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404110, P.R. China
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- General Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404110, P.R. China
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53
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Iwasawa T, Shinomiya T, Ota N, Shibata N, Nakata K, Shiina I, Nagahara Y. Novel Ridaifen-B Structure Analog Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy Depending on Pyrrolidine Side Chain. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:401-410. [PMID: 30828072 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ridaifen (RID)-B is an analog derived from tamoxifen (TAM). TAM has an antitumor effect by acting as an antagonist to estrogen receptor (ER). However, TAM is known to also induces apoptosis in cancer cells that do not have ER. We clarified that RID-B induces cell death at a lower concentration than TAM, and causes ER-independent apoptosis and autophagy. Based on the results of previous studies, we assumed that RID-B had a unique target different from ER and examined structural activity correlation to determine what kinds of structural features are related to RID-B activity. As a result, we found there was activity even without one of phenyl groups (Ar3) in RID-B and revealed that two pyrrolidine side chains peculiar to RID-B are related to the action. Furthermore, analogs with shorter alkyl side chains induced autophagy, but analogs with certain length of alkyl side chains induced apoptosis. Also, although there is no doubt that RID-B induces apoptosis by causing mitochondrial injury, our results suggested that such injury induced mitochondria-selective autophagy. We revealed that RID-B induce mitophagy and that this mitophagy is a defense mechanism against RID-B. Our results suggest that autophagy was induced against apoptosis caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in RID-B, so the combination of autophagy inhibitor and anticancer-drug can be effective for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Iwasawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University
| | - Takahisa Shinomiya
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University
| | - Nozomi Ota
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | - Kenya Nakata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University
| | | | - Yukitoshi Nagahara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University
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54
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He Y, Shin J, Gong W, Das P, Qu J, Yang Z, Liu W, Kang C, Qu J, Kim JS. Dual-functional fluorescent molecular rotor for endoplasmic reticulum microviscosity imaging during reticulophagy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2453-2456. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A dual functional fluorescent molecular rotor was developed to trigger intracellular ER autophagy and quantify the local viscosity variations by FLIM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Wanjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Pintu Das
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Jinghan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Wufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Chulhun Kang
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 446-701
- Korea
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
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55
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Zhang J, Wang B, Wang H, He H, Wu Q, Qin X, Yang X, Chen L, Xu G, Yuan Z, Yi Q, Zou Z, Yu C. Disruption of the superoxide anions-mitophagy regulation axis mediates copper oxide nanoparticles-induced vascular endothelial cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:268-278. [PMID: 30248444 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have been widely used in the industrial and pharmaceutical fields; however, their toxicity profile is deeply concerning. Currently, nanomaterials-induced toxicity in the cardiovascular system is receiving increased attention. Our previous toxicological study found that lysosomal deposition of CuONPs triggered vascular endothelial cell death, indicating that the involvement of autophagic dysfunction was crucial for CuONPs-induced toxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the current study, we investigated the detailed mechanism underlying the autophagic dysfunction induced by CuONPs. We demonstrated that CuONPs exposure caused accumulation of superoxide anions, which likely resulted from mitochondrial dysfunctions. MnTBAP, a superoxide anions scavenger, alleviated CuONPs-induced HUVECs death, indicating that excessive superoxide anions were directly related to the CuONPs cytotoxicity in HUVECs. Interestingly, we found that mitophagy (a protective mechanism for clearance of damaged mitochondria and excessive superoxide anions) was initiated but failed to be cleared in CuONPs-treated cells, resulting in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Inhibition of mitophagy through Atg5 knockout or blocking of mitochondria fission with Mdivi-1 significantly aggravated CuONPs-induced superoxide anions accumulation and cell death, suggesting that mitophagy is a protective mechanism against CuONPs cytotoxicity in HUVECs. In summary, we demonstrate that superoxide anions (originating from damaged mitochondria) are involved in CuONPs-associated toxicity and that impaired mitophagic flux aggravates the accumulation of excessive superoxide anions, which leads to HUVECs death. Our findings indicate that there are crucial roles for superoxide anions and mitophagy in CuONPs-induced toxicity in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiying Yi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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56
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Zuo W, Liu Z, Yan F, Mei D, Hu X, Zhang B. Hyperglycemia abolished Drp-1-mediated mitophagy at the early stage of cerebral ischemia. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 843:34-44. [PMID: 30447185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hyperglycemia after cerebral ischemia exacerbates cerebral damage; however, little is known regarding the mechanism. In this study, we focused on the relationship between post-ischemic hyperglycemia and mitochondrial homeostasis at the early stage of ischemia (within the 6 h clinical therapeutic window for thrombolysis). Permanent cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) for 1, 3, and 6 h. We first elucidated the role of post-ischemic hyperglycemia on mitochondria-mediated injury by testing reactive oxygen species generation, cyt-c release, and caspase-3 activation. Next, we analyzed mitochondrial homeostasis by testing the protein levels related to fission, fusion, biogenesis and elimination. The results showed that hyperglycemia further augmented the mitochondria-mediated injury induced by pMCAO. No significant differences of Fis1, Opa1 and Mfn2 were observed at each time point. There is no significant influence on these three proteins after hyperglycemia in rats of the experimental group compared to their counterparts in the control group. The translocation of the fission protein Drp1 to the mitochondrial outer-membrane increased at 1 h after pMCAO and later steadily decreased over time in normal animals. However, hyperglycemia inhibited both the levels of Drp1 in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Moreover, hyperglycemia inhibited mitophagy induced by pMCAO at 1 h, although the overall autophagy was increased. In conclusion, pMCAO transiently induced the mitochondrial fission and their elimination by mitophagy. However, hyperglycemia abolished this adaptation reaction of the mitochondria and thus resulted in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and subsequent damage. Our findings help to refine our understanding of the role of post-ischemic hyperglycemia in brain ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, PR China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, PR China; Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dan Mei
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Training-Induced Changes in Mitochondrial Content and Respiratory Function in Human Skeletal Muscle. Sports Med 2018; 48:1809-1828. [PMID: 29934848 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle has been linked to a number of metabolic disorders that have been associated with sub-optimal mitochondrial characteristics and an increased risk of premature death. Endurance training can induce an increase in mitochondrial content and/or mitochondrial functional qualities, which are associated with improved health and well-being and longer life expectancy. It is therefore important to better define how manipulating key parameters of an endurance training intervention can influence the content and functionality of the mitochondrial pool. This review focuses on mitochondrial changes taking place following a series of exercise sessions (training-induced mitochondrial adaptations), providing an in-depth analysis of the effects of exercise intensity and training volume on changes in mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiratory function. We provide evidence that manipulation of different exercise training variables promotes specific and diverse mitochondrial adaptations. Specifically, we report that training volume may be a critical factor affecting changes in mitochondrial content, whereas relative exercise intensity is an important determinant of changes in mitochondrial respiratory function. As a consequence, a dissociation between training-induced changes in mitochondrial content and mitochondrial respiratory function is often observed. We also provide evidence that exercise-induced changes are not necessarily predictive of training-induced adaptations, we propose possible explanations for the above discrepancies and suggestions for future research.
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58
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Impaired Autophagy of GABAergic Interneurons in Neuropathic Pain. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:9185368. [PMID: 30356379 PMCID: PMC6176324 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9185368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by lesions of the peripheral fibers and central neurons in the somatosensory nervous system and affects 7-10% of the general population. Although the distinct cause of neuropathic pain has been investigated in primary afferent neurons over the years, pain modulation by central sensitization remains controversial. NP is believed to be driven by cell type-specific spinal synaptic plasticity in the dorsal horn. Upon intense afferent stimulation, spinothalamic tract neurons are potentiated, whereas GABAergic interneurons are inhibited leading to long-term depression. Growing evidences suggest that the inhibition of GABAergic neurons plays pivotal roles in the manifestation of neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. Downregulation of GABA transmission and impairment of GABAergic interneurons in the dorsal horn are critical consequences after spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries. These impairments in GABAergic interneurons may be associated with dysfunctional autophagy, resulting in neuropathic pain. Here, we review an emerging number of investigations that suggest a pivotal role of impaired autophagy of GABAergic interneurons in NP. We discuss relevant research spurring the development of new targets and therapeutic agents of NP and emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to manage NP in the future.
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59
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Han G, Liu K, Li L, Li X, Zhao P. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on neuropathic pain via mitophagy in microglia. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917710862. [PMID: 28580811 PMCID: PMC5464519 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917710862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been suggested to palliate neuropathic pain, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study explored the involvement of microglial mitophagy via HBO relative to neuropathic pain therapy. Materials and methods A total of 80 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a normal group (n = 40) and a mitophagy inhibitor group (n = 40) in which the mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) was administrated prior to chronic constriction injury (CCI). Groups (n = 10 rats per group) consisted of the following: control (C), sham operation (S), sciatic nerve with chronic constriction injury (CCI), and a CCI plus HBO treatment (CCI + HBO). Pain-related behaviors were evaluated using mechanical withdraw tendency and thermal withdraw latency analysis. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured, and Western blot was employed to assess expression of NIX and BNIP3. Immunofluorescence changes in neuron protein (NESTIN) and mitochondria inner or outer layer proteins (TIM23, TOM20) were examined. Results HBO significantly ameliorated pain-related behaviors, which were downregulated by mitophagy inhibitors (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial membrane potential indexes were decreased after HBO therapy, but were reversed in the mitophagy inhibitor group (P < 0.05). HBO upregulated NIX and BNIP3 expression, which did not occur in the CCI group (P < 0.05). However, expression was reduced when mitophagy inhibitors were administered. Immunofluorescence examination showed that mitophagy in microglia was induced by CCI, which was upregulated after HBO treatment. This phenomenon was not observed in the mitophagy inhibitor group. Conclusions HBO therapy palliated CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats by upregulating microglial mitophagy. These results could serve as guidelines to improve neuropathic pain therapy using HBO to maximize therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
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60
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Vomero M, Barbati C, Colasanti T, Perricone C, Novelli L, Ceccarelli F, Spinelli FR, Di Franco M, Conti F, Valesini G, Alessandri C. Autophagy and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Knowledges and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1577. [PMID: 30072986 PMCID: PMC6058034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradation mechanism by which cells recycle cytoplasmic components to generate energy. By influencing lymphocyte development, survival, and proliferation, autophagy regulates the immune responses against self and non-self antigens. Deregulation of autophagic pathway has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Indeed, autophagy seems to be involved in the generation of citrullinated peptides, and also in apoptosis resistance in RA. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of autophagy in RA and discuss the possibility of a clinical application of autophagy modulation in this disease.
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61
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Coordinated autophagy modulation overcomes glioblastoma chemoresistance through disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10348. [PMID: 29985441 PMCID: PMC6037778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is known to be one of the most malignant and aggressive forms of brain cancer due to its resistance to chemotherapy. Recently, GBM was found to not only utilise both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and aerobic glycolysis, but also depend on the bulk protein degradation system known as macroautophagy to uphold proliferation. Although autophagy modulators hold great potential as adjuvants to chemotherapy, the degree of upregulation or inhibition necessary to achieve cell death sensitisation remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the degree of autophagy modulation necessary to impair mitochondrial bioenergetics to the extent of promoting cell death onset. It was shown that coordinated upregulation of autophagy followed by its inhibition prior to chemotherapy decreased electron transfer system (ETS) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, impaired mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics and enhanced apoptotic cell death onset in terms of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP expression. Therefore, coordinated autophagy modulation may present a favourable avenue for improved chemotherapeutic intervention in the future.
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62
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Carroll B, Korolchuk VI. Nutrient sensing, growth and senescence. FEBS J 2018; 285:1948-1958. [PMID: 29405586 PMCID: PMC6001427 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell growth is dictated by a wide range of mitogenic signals, the amplitude and relative contribution of which vary throughout development, differentiation and in a tissue-specific manner. The ability to sense and appropriately respond to changes in mitogens is fundamental to control cell growth, and reduced responsiveness of nutrient sensing pathways is widely associated with human disease and ageing. Cellular senescence is an important tumour suppressor mechanism that is characterised by an irreversible exit from the cell cycle in response to replicative exhaustion or excessive DNA damage. Despite the fact that senescent cells can no longer divide, they remain metabolically active and display a range of pro-growth phenotypes that are supported in part by the mTORC1-autophagy signalling axis. As our understanding of the basic mechanisms of controlling mTORC1-autophagy activity and cell growth continues to expand, we are able to explore how changes in nutrient sensing contribute to the acquisition and maintenance of cellular senescence. Furthermore, while the protective effect of senescence to limit cellular transformation is clear, more recently, the age-related accumulation of these pro-inflammatory senescent cells has been shown to contribute to a decline in organismal fitness. We will further discuss whether dysregulation of nutrient sensing pathways can be targeted to promote senescent cell death which would have important implications for healthy ageing.
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63
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Ferri A, Panariti A, Miserocchi G, Rocchetti M, Buoli Comani G, Rivolta I, Bishop DJ. Tissue specificity of mitochondrial adaptations in rats after 4 weeks of normobaric hypoxia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1641-1652. [PMID: 29855791 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to hypoxia has been suggested to activate multiple adaptive pathways so that muscles are better able to maintain cellular energy homeostasis. However, there is limited research regarding the tissue specificity of this response. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tissue specificity on mitochondrial adaptations of rat skeletal and heart muscles after 4 weeks of normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 0.10). METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to either normobaric hypoxia or normoxia. Mitochondrial respiration was determined in permeabilised muscle fibres from left and right ventricles, soleus and extensorum digitorum longus (EDL). Citrate synthase activity and the relative abundance of proteins associated with mitochondrial biogenesis were also analysed. RESULTS After hypoxia exposure, only the soleus and left ventricle (both predominantly oxidative) presented a greater maximal mass-specific respiration (+48 and +25%, p < 0.05) and mitochondrial-specific respiration (+75 and +28%, p < 0.05). Citrate synthase activity was higher in the EDL (0.63 ± 0.08 vs 0.41 ± 0.10 µmol min- 1 µg- 1) and lower in the soleus (0.65 ± 0.17 vs 0.87 ± 0.20 µmol min- 1 µg- 1) in hypoxia with respect to normoxia. There was a lower relative protein abundance of PGC-1α (-25%, p < 0.05) in the right ventricle and a higher relative protein abundance of PGC-1β (+43%, p < 0.05) in the left ventricle of rats exposed to hypoxia, with few differences for protein abundance in the other muscles. CONCLUSION Our results show a muscle-specific response to 4 weeks of normobaric hypoxia. Depending on fibre type, and the presence of ventricular hypertrophy, muscles respond differently to the same degree of environmental hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferri
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Panariti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Marcella Rocchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Buoli Comani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
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64
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P2RX7-MAPK1/2-SP1 axis inhibits MTOR independent HSPB1-mediated astroglial autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:546. [PMID: 29749377 PMCID: PMC5945848 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported that heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1) and purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2RX7) are involved in astroglial autophagy (clasmatodendrosis), following status epilepticus (SE). However, the underlying mechanisms of astroglial autophagy have not been completely established. In the present study, we found that the lacking of P2rx7 led to prolonged astroglial HSPB1 induction due to impaired mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (MAPK1/2)-mediated specificity protein 1 (SP1) phosphorylation, following kainic acid-induced SE. Subsequently, the upregulated HSPB1 itself evoked ER stress and exerted protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (PRKAA1, AMPK1)/unc-51 such as autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1)- and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B)/SH3-domain GRB2-like B1 (SH3GLB1)-mediated autophagic pathways, independent of mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) activity in astrocytes. These findings provide a novel purinergic suppression mechanism to link chaperone expression to autophagy in astrocytes. Therefore, we suggest that P2RX7 may play an important role in the regulation of autophagy by the fine-tuning of HSPB1 expression.
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65
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Santos AL, Sinha S, Lindner AB. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1941285. [PMID: 29743972 PMCID: PMC5878877 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1941285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the accumulation of cellular damage over the course of a lifetime. This process is promoted in large part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via cellular metabolic and respiratory pathways. Pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and genetic interventions have been used to target cellular and mitochondrial networks in an effort to decipher aging and age-related disorders. While ROS historically have been viewed as a detrimental byproduct of normal metabolism and associated with several pathologies, recent research has revealed a more complex and beneficial role of ROS in regulating metabolism, development, and lifespan. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ROS research, focusing on both the beneficial and harmful roles of ROS, many of which are conserved across species from bacteria to humans, in various aspects of cellular physiology. These studies provide a new context for our understanding of the parts ROS play in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the utility of bacterial models to elucidate the molecular pathways by which ROS mediate aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Santos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001 & Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sanchari Sinha
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, New Delhi, India
| | - Ariel B. Lindner
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1001 & Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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66
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Zhu J, Gao M, Zhang R, Sun Z, Wang C, Yang F, Huang T, Qu S, Zhao L, Li Y, Hao Z. Effects of soybean meal fermented by L. plantarum, B. subtilis and S. cerevisieae on growth, immune function and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:191. [PMID: 29121938 PMCID: PMC5679485 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study compared the effects of soybean meal fermented by three different probiotics organisms with non-fermented soybean meal on growth performance, serum parameters, immune chemistry and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets. METHODS One hundred and forty-four 35-day old crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets were randomly allocated into four different dietary treatments (n = 36 per group) containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% fermented soybean meal. RESULTS The piglets fed fermented soybean meal showed an increase (p < 0.05) in average daily weight gain and a reduction in feed consumption (p < 0.05).The piglets fed 10 and 15% fermented soybean meal showed the greatest growth improvement with higher levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and total serum proteins. Serum urea nitrogen in the experimental group was significantly lower than control whereas serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels were all significantly higher. Moreover, villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the crypt depth was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The levels of the autophagy factor LC3B in piglets showed a downward trend in the jejunum and ileum compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Fermented soybean meal could significantly improve the growth, immune function and intestinal health in weaned piglets, and the best effective benefits showed in 10% FSBM group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Mingxing Gao
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Zhuojian Sun
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Fenfang Yang
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Shaoqi Qu
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Li Zhao
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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67
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Involvement of Mitochondrial Disorders in Septic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4076348. [PMID: 29201271 PMCID: PMC5671744 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4076348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite the development of various therapeutic strategies. Cardiac dysfunction, also referred to as septic cardiomyopathy, is a frequent and well-described complication of sepsis and associated with worse clinical outcomes. Recent research has increased our understanding of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of septic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this review is to present this evidence as a coherent whole and to highlight future research directions.
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68
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Autophagy is required for endothelial cell alignment and atheroprotection under physiological blood flow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8675-E8684. [PMID: 28973855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702223114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for some time that atherosclerotic lesions preferentially develop in areas exposed to low SS and are characterized by a proinflammatory, apoptotic, and senescent endothelial phenotype. Conversely, areas exposed to high SS are protected from plaque development, but the mechanisms have remained elusive. Autophagy is a protective mechanism that allows recycling of defective organelles and proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. We aimed to understand the role of endothelial autophagy in the atheroprotective effect of high SS. Atheroprotective high SS stimulated endothelial autophagic flux in human and murine arteries. On the contrary, endothelial cells exposed to atheroprone low SS were characterized by inefficient autophagy as a result of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, AMPKα inhibition, and blockade of the autophagic flux. In hypercholesterolemic mice, deficiency in endothelial autophagy increased plaque burden only in the atheroresistant areas exposed to high SS; plaque size was unchanged in atheroprone areas, in which endothelial autophagy flux is already blocked. In cultured cells and in transgenic mice, deficiency in endothelial autophagy was characterized by defects in endothelial alignment with flow direction, a hallmark of endothelial cell health. This effect was associated with an increase in endothelial apoptosis and senescence in high-SS regions. Deficiency in endothelial autophagy also increased TNF-α-induced inflammation under high-SS conditions and decreased expression of the antiinflammatory factor KLF-2. Altogether, these results show that adequate endothelial autophagic flux under high SS limits atherosclerotic plaque formation by preventing endothelial apoptosis, senescence, and inflammation.
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69
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Activation of mitophagy leads to decline in Mfn2 and loss of mitochondrial mass in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6656. [PMID: 28751712 PMCID: PMC5532298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) are terminally differentiated cells that have limited regenerative potential. The large numbers of mitochondria in HCEnCs are critical for pump and barrier function required for corneal hydration and transparency. Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is a highly prevalent late-onset oxidative stress disorder characterized by progressive loss of HCEnCs. We previously reported increased mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced ATP and mtDNA copy number in FECD. Herein, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP)-induced mitochondrial depolarization decreased mitochondrial mass and Mfn2 levels, which were rescued with mitophagy blocker, bafilomycin, in FECD. Moreover, electron transport chain complex (I, V) decrease in FECD indicated deficient mitochondrial bioenergetics. Transmission electron microscopy of FECD tissues displayed an increased number of autophagic vacuoles containing degenerated and swollen mitochondria with cristolysis. An elevation of LC3-II and LAMP1 and downregulation of Mfn2 in mitochondrial fractions suggested that loss of fusion capacity targets fragmented mitochondria to the pre-autophagic pool and upregulates mitophagy. CCCP-induced mitochondrial fragmentation leads to Mfn2 and LC3 co-localization without activation of proteosome, suggesting a novel Mfn2 degradation pathway via mitophagy. These data indicate constitutive activation of mitophagy results in reduction of mitochondrial mass and abrogates cellular bioenergetics during degeneration of post-mitotic cells of ocular tissue.
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70
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Korolchuk VI, Miwa S, Carroll B, von Zglinicki T. Mitochondria in Cell Senescence: Is Mitophagy the Weakest Link? EBioMedicine 2017; 21:7-13. [PMID: 28330601 PMCID: PMC5514379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the loss of health and fitness associated with aging. Senescent cells accumulate dysfunctional mitochondria; oxidative phosphorylation efficiency is decreased and reactive oxygen species production is increased. In this review we will discuss how the turnover of mitochondria (a term referred to as mitophagy) is perturbed in senescence contributing to mitochondrial accumulation and Senescence-Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction (SAMD). We will further explore the subsequent cellular consequences; in particular SAMD appears to be necessary for at least part of the specific Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) and may be responsible for tissue-level metabolic dysfunction that is associated with aging and obesity. Understanding the complex interplay between these major senescence-associated phenotypes will help to select and improve interventions that prolong healthy life in humans. SEARCH STRATEGY AND SELECTION CRITERIA Data for this review were identified by searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, and references from relevant articles using the search terms "mitochondria AND senescence", "(autophagy OR mitophagy) AND senescence", "mitophagy AND aging" and related terms. Additionally, searches were performed based on investigator names. Abstracts and reports from meetings were excluded. Articles published in English between 1995 and 2017 were included. Articles were selected according to their relevance to the topic as perceived by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor I Korolchuk
- The ABC - Newcastle University Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, UK
| | - Satomi Miwa
- The ABC - Newcastle University Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, UK
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- The ABC - Newcastle University Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- The ABC - Newcastle University Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, UK.
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71
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Liu C, Mo L, Niu Y, Li X, Zhou X, Xu X. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy in Periodontitis and Their Potential Linkage. Front Physiol 2017; 8:439. [PMID: 28690552 PMCID: PMC5481360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes damage to periodontal tissues, which include the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The major cause of periodontal tissue destruction is an inappropriate host response to microorganisms and their products. Specifically, a homeostatic imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Elevated levels of ROS acting as intracellular signal transducers result in autophagy, which plays a dual role in periodontitis by promoting cell death or blocking apoptosis in infected cells. Autophagy can also regulate ROS generation and scavenging. Investigations are ongoing to elucidate the crosstalk mechanisms between ROS and autophagy. Here, we review the physiological and pathological roles of ROS and autophagy in periodontal tissues. The redox-sensitive pathways related to autophagy, such as mTORC1, Beclin 1, and the Atg12-Atg5 complex, are explored in depth to provide a comprehensive overview of the crosstalk between ROS and autophagy. Based on the current evidence, we suggest that a potential linkage between ROS and autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Longyi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Yulong Niu
- Key Lab of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
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72
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Caja S, Enríquez JA. Mitochondria in endothelial cells: Sensors and integrators of environmental cues. Redox Biol 2017; 12:821-827. [PMID: 28448943 PMCID: PMC5406579 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of angiogenesis in disease and its potential as a therapeutic target have been firmly established over recent decades. Endothelial cells (ECs) are central elements in vessel homeostasis and regulate the passage of material and cells into and out of the bloodstream. EC proliferation and migration are modified by alterations to mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics resulting from several signals and environmental cues, such as oxygen, hemodynamics, and nutrients. As intermediary signals, mitochondrial ROS are released as important downstream modulators of the expression of angiogenesis-related genes. In this review, we discuss the physiological actions of these signals and aberrant responses during vascular disorders. Mitochondria in EC act as integrators of environmental cues. Circulating signals modify mitochondrial dynamics, altering EC phenotype. ROS release by EC mitochondria regulates expression of vascular genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Caja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones en RED (CIBERFES), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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73
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Kerr JS, Adriaanse BA, Greig NH, Mattson MP, Cader MZ, Bohr VA, Fang EF. Mitophagy and Alzheimer's Disease: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:151-166. [PMID: 28190529 PMCID: PMC5341618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurons affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience mitochondrial dysfunction and a bioenergetic deficit that occurs early and promotes the disease-defining amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and Tau pathologies. Emerging findings suggest that the autophagy/lysosome pathway that removes damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) is also compromised in AD, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Results in animal and cellular models of AD and in patients with sporadic late-onset AD suggest that impaired mitophagy contributes to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits by triggering Aβ and Tau accumulation through increases in oxidative damage and cellular energy deficits; these, in turn, impair mitophagy. Interventions that bolster mitochondrial health and/or stimulate mitophagy may therefore forestall the neurodegenerative process in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse S Kerr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bryan A Adriaanse
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - M Zameel Cader
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Menges S, Minakaki G, Schaefer PM, Meixner H, Prots I, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Friedland K, Winner B, Outeiro TF, Winklhofer KF, von Arnim CAF, Xiang W, Winkler J, Klucken J. Alpha-synuclein prevents the formation of spherical mitochondria and apoptosis under oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42942. [PMID: 28224980 PMCID: PMC5320486 DOI: 10.1038/srep42942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) homeostasis are key pathogenic factors in Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, the role of aSyn in mitochondrial physiology remains elusive. Thus, we addressed the impact of aSyn specifically on mitochondrial response to OS in neural cells. We characterize a distinct type of mitochondrial fragmentation, following H2O2 or 6-OHDA-induced OS, defined by spherically-shaped and hyperpolarized mitochondria, termed "mitospheres". Mitosphere formation mechanistically depended on the fission factor Drp1, and was paralleled by reduced mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, mitospheres were linked to a decrease in mitochondrial activity, and preceded Caspase3 activation. Even though fragmentation of dysfunctional mitochondria is considered to be a prerequisite for mitochondrial degradation, mitospheres were not degraded via Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Importantly, we provide compelling evidence that aSyn prevents mitosphere formation and reduces apoptosis under OS. In contrast, aSyn did not protect against Rotenone, which led to a different, previously described donut-shaped mitochondrial morphology. Our findings reveal a dichotomic role of aSyn in mitochondrial biology, which is linked to distinct types of stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. Specifically, aSyn may be part of a cellular defense mechanism preserving neural mitochondrial homeostasis in the presence of increased OS levels, while not protecting against stressors directly affecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Menges
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgia Minakaki
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Holger Meixner
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iryna Prots
- IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Friedland
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Wei Xiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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75
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Luo L, Dai JR, Guo SS, Lu AM, Gao XF, Gu YR, Zhang XF, Xu HD, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Wood LJ, Qin ZH. Lysosomal Proteolysis Is Associated With Exercise-Induced Improvement of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Aged Hippocampus. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1342-1351. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science and
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, China
| | - Jia-Ru Dai
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science and
| | | | - A-Ming Lu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science and
| | | | - Yan-Rong Gu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science and
| | | | - Hai-Dong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, China
| | - Lisa J Wood
- School of Nursing, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, China
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Ribas V, Drew BG, Zhou Z, Phun J, Kalajian NY, Soleymani T, Daraei P, Widjaja K, Wanagat J, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Fluitt AH, Bensinger S, Le T, Radu C, Whitelegge JP, Beaven SW, Tontonoz P, Lusis AJ, Parks BW, Vergnes L, Reue K, Singh H, Bopassa JC, Toro L, Stefani E, Watt MJ, Schenk S, Akerstrom T, Kelly M, Pedersen BK, Hewitt SC, Korach KS, Hevener AL. Skeletal muscle action of estrogen receptor α is critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis in females. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:334ra54. [PMID: 27075628 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired estrogen receptor α (ERα) action promotes obesity and metabolic dysfunction in humans and mice; however, the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes remain unknown. Considering that skeletal muscle is a primary tissue responsible for glucose disposal and oxidative metabolism, we established that reduced ERα expression in muscle is associated with glucose intolerance and adiposity in women and female mice. To test this relationship, we generated muscle-specific ERα knockout (MERKO) mice. Impaired glucose homeostasis and increased adiposity were paralleled by diminished muscle oxidative metabolism and bioactive lipid accumulation in MERKO mice. Aberrant mitochondrial morphology, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and impairment in basal and stress-induced mitochondrial fission dynamics, driven by imbalanced protein kinase A-regulator of calcineurin 1-calcineurin signaling through dynamin-related protein 1, tracked with reduced oxidative metabolism in MERKO muscle. Although muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance was similar between the genotypes, ERα deficiency diminished mtDNA turnover by a balanced reduction in mtDNA replication and degradation. Our findings indicate the retention of dysfunctional mitochondria in MERKO muscle and implicate ERα in the preservation of mitochondrial health and insulin sensitivity as a defense against metabolic disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Ribas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian G Drew
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Phun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nareg Y Kalajian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Teo Soleymani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pedram Daraei
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Amy H Fluitt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven Bensinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thuc Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caius Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Neuropsychiatric Institute-Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Simon W Beaven
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jean C Bopassa
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ligia Toro
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Enrico Stefani
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thorbjorn Akerstrom
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Meghan Kelly
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sylvia C Hewitt
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. UCLA Iris Cantor Women's Health Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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77
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Liu Y, Lin J, Zhang M, Chen K, Yang S, Wang Q, Yang H, Xie S, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Yang Y. PINK1 is required for timely cell-type specific mitochondrial clearance during Drosophila midgut metamorphosis. Dev Biol 2016; 419:357-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kunanopparat A, Kimkong I, Palaga T, Tangkijvanich P, Sirichindakul B, Hirankarn N. Increased ATG5-ATG12 in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and their role in apoptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8361-8374. [PMID: 27729742 PMCID: PMC5055866 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate autophagy-related genes, particularly ATG12, in apoptosis and cell cycle in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-HBV-HCC cell lines.
METHODS The expression of autophagy-related genes in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and non-HBV-HCC cell lines and human liver tissues was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The silencing of target genes was used to examine the function of various genes in apoptosis and cell cycle progression.
RESULTS The expression of autophagy related genes ATG5, ATG12, ATG9A and ATG4B expression was analyzed in HepG2.2.15 cells and compared with HepG2 and THLE cells. We found that ATG5 and ATG12 mRNA expression was significantly increased in HepG2.2.15 cells compared to HepG2 cells (P < 0.005). Moreover, ATG5-ATG12 protein levels were increased in tumor liver tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues mainly from HCC patients with HBV infection. We also analyzed the function of ATG12 in cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased by 11.4% in ATG12-silenced HepG2.2.15 cells (P < 0.005) but did not change in ATG12-silenced HepG2 cells under starvation with Earle’s balanced salt solution. However, the combination blockade of Notch signaling and ATG12 decreased the apoptotic rate of HepG2.2.15 cells from 55.6% to 50.4% (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION ATG12 is important for HBV-associated apoptosis and a potential drug target for HBV-HCC. Combination inhibition of ATG12/Notch signaling had no additional effect on HepG2.2.15 apoptosis.
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79
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Vij A, Randhawa R, Parkash J, Changotra H. Investigating regulatory signatures of human autophagy related gene 5 (ATG5) through functional in silico analysis. Meta Gene 2016; 9:237-48. [PMID: 27617225 PMCID: PMC5006144 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential, homeostatic process which removes damaged cellular proteins and organelles for cellular renewal. ATG5, a part of E3 ubiquitin ligase-like complex (Atg12-Atg5/Atg16L1), is a key regulator involved in autophagosome formation - a crucial phase of autophagy. In this study, we used different in silico methods for comprehensive analysis of ATG5 to investigate its less explored regulatory activity. We have predicted various physico-chemical parameters and two possible transmembrane models that helped in exposing its functional regions. Twenty four PTM sites and 44 TFBS were identified which could be targeted to modulate the autophagy pathway. Furthermore, LD analysis identified 3 blocks of genotyped SNPs and 2 deleterious nsSNPs that may have damaging impact on protein function and thus could be employed for carrying genome-wide association studies. In conclusion, the information obtained in this study could be helpful for better understanding of regulatory roles of ATG5 and provides a base for its implication in population-based studies. ATG5 phylogenetic analysis shows its evolutionary relationship with other species. Two possible models for transmembrane regions detected in ATG5. 24 Post-translational modification sites were annotated over ATG5 domain structure. 44 Transcription factor binding sites were identified in ATG5. 2 nsSNPs were predicted to have damaging impact on ATG5 protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avni Vij
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Randhawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Harish Changotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, Himachal Pradesh, India
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80
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Birkenmeier K, Moll K, Newrzela S, Hartmann S, Dröse S, Hansmann ML. Basal autophagy is pivotal for Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells' survival and growth revealing a new strategy for Hodgkin lymphoma treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 7:46579-46588. [PMID: 27366944 PMCID: PMC5216819 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As current classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) treatment strategies have pronounced side-effects, specific inhibition of signaling pathways may offer novel strategies in cHL therapy. Basal autophagy, a regulated catabolic pathway to degrade cell's own components, is in cancer linked with both, tumor suppression or promotion. The finding that basal autophagy enhances tumor cell survival would thus lead to immediately testable strategies for novel therapies. Thus, we studied its contribution in cHL.We found constitutive activation of autophagy in cHL cell lines and primary tissue. The expression of key autophagy-relevant proteins (e.g. Beclin-1, ULK1) and LC3 processing was increased in cHL cells, even in lymphoma cases. Consistently, cHL cells exhibited elevated numbers of autophagic vacuoles and intact autophagic flux. Autophagy inhibition with chloroquine or inactivation of ATG5 induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation of cHL cells. Chloroquine-mediated inhibition of basal autophagy significantly impaired HL growth in-vivo in NOD SCID γc-/- (NSG) mice. We found that basal autophagy plays a pivotal role in sustaining mitochondrial function.We conclude that cHL cells require basal autophagy for growth, survival and sustained metabolism making them sensitive to autophagy inhibition. This suggests basal autophagy as useful target for new strategies in cHL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Birkenmeier
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Moll
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Newrzela
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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81
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Henagan TM, Laeger T, Navard AM, Albarado D, Noland RC, Stadler K, Elks CM, Burk D, Morrison CD. Hepatic autophagy contributes to the metabolic response to dietary protein restriction. Metabolism 2016; 65:805-15. [PMID: 27173459 PMCID: PMC4867053 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular response which acts to release stored cellular substrates during nutrient restriction, and particularly plays a key role in the cellular response to amino acid restriction. However, there has been limited work testing whether the induction of autophagy is required for adaptive metabolic responses to dietary protein restriction in the whole animal. Here, we found that moderate dietary protein restriction led to a series of metabolic changes in rats, including increases in food intake and energy expenditure, the downregulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis gene expression and reduced markers of hepatic mitochondrial number. Importantly, these effects were also associated with an induction of hepatic autophagy. To determine if the induction of autophagy contributes to these metabolic effects, we tested the metabolic response to dietary protein restriction in BCL2-AAA mice, which bear a genetic mutation that impairs autophagy induction. Interestingly, BCL2-AAA mice exhibit exaggerated responses in terms of both food intake and energy expenditure, whereas the effects of protein restriction on hepatic metabolism were significantly blunted. These data demonstrate that restriction of dietary protein is sufficient to trigger hepatic autophagy, and that disruption of autophagy significantly alters both hepatic and whole animal metabolic response to dietary protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Henagan
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Alexandra M Navard
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Diana Albarado
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Robert C Noland
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Carrie M Elks
- Matrix Biology, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - David Burk
- Cell Biology, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808.
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82
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Huang G, Zhang F, Ye Q, Wang H. The circadian clock regulates autophagy directly through the nuclear hormone receptor Nr1d1/Rev-erbα and indirectly via Cebpb/(C/ebpβ) in zebrafish. Autophagy 2016; 12:1292-309. [PMID: 27171500 PMCID: PMC4968235 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1183843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation system, and recently was shown to display circadian rhythms in mice. The mechanisms underlying circadian regulation of autophagy, however, are still unclear. Here, we observed that numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes exhibit daily rhythms in the zebrafish liver, and cebpb/(c/ebpβ) and various autophagy genes are rhythmically expressed in zebrafish larvae but significantly upregulated in per1b and TALEN-generated nr1d1/rev-erbα mutant fish, indicating that both Per1b and Nr1d1 play critical roles in autophagy rhythms. Luciferase reporter and ChIP assays show that the circadian clock directly regulates autophagy genes through Nr1d1, and also regulates transcription of cebpb through Per1b. We also found that fasting leads to altered expression of both circadian clock genes and autophagy genes in zebrafish adult peripheral organs. Further, transcriptome analysis reveals multiple functions of Nr1d1 in zebrafish. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for how the circadian clock regulates autophagy, imply that nutritional signaling affects both circadian regulation and autophagy activities in peripheral organs, and shed light on how circadian gene mutations act through autophagy to contribute to common metabolic diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Huang
- a Center for Circadian Clocks , Soochow University ; Suzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Fanmiao Zhang
- a Center for Circadian Clocks , Soochow University ; Suzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Qiang Ye
- a Center for Circadian Clocks , Soochow University ; Suzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Han Wang
- a Center for Circadian Clocks , Soochow University ; Suzhou , Jiangsu , China.,b School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Medical College, Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu , China
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83
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Rodriguez KA, Valentine JM, Kramer DA, Gelfond JA, Kristan DM, Nevo E, Buffenstein R. Determinants of rodent longevity in the chaperone-protein degradation network. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:453-66. [PMID: 26894765 PMCID: PMC4837185 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis is an integral component of healthy aging, ensuring maintenance of protein structural and functional integrity with concomitant impact upon health span and longevity. In most metazoans, increasing age is accompanied by a decline in protein quality control resulting in the accrual of damaged, self-aggregating cytotoxic proteins. A notable exception to this trend is observed in the longest-lived rodent, the naked mole-rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) which maintains proteostasis and proteasome-mediated degradation and autophagy during aging. We hypothesized that high levels of the proteolytic degradation may enable better maintenance of proteostasis during aging contributing to enhanced species maximum lifespan potential (MLSP). We test this by examining proteasome activity, proteasome-related HSPs, the heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor, and several markers of autophagy in the liver and quadriceps muscles of eight rodent species with divergent MLSP. All subterranean-dwelling species had higher levels of proteasome activity and autophagy, possibly linked to having to dig in soils rich in heavy metals and where underground atmospheres have reduced oxygen availability. Even after correcting for phylogenetic relatedness, a significant (p < 0.02) positive correlation between MLSP, HSP25, HSF1, proteasome activity, and autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12) was observed, suggesting that the proteolytic degradation machinery and maintenance of protein quality play a pivotal role in species longevity among rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Rodriguez
- Sam and Anne Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Joseph M Valentine
- Sam and Anne Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - David A Kramer
- Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jonathan A Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Deborah M Kristan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, 92096, USA
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Sam and Anne Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Physiology, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Calico, 1170 Veterans Blvd, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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84
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Redmann M, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. The Role of Autophagy, Mitophagy and Lysosomal Functions in Modulating Bioenergetics and Survival in the Context of Redox and Proteotoxic Damage: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Aging Dis 2016; 7:150-62. [PMID: 27114848 PMCID: PMC4809607 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox and proteotoxic stress contributes to age-dependent accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and protein aggregates, and is associated with neurodegeneration. The free radical theory of aging inspired many studies using reactive species scavengers such as alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate and coenzyme Q to suppress the initiation of oxidative stress. However, clinical trials have had limited success in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We ascribe this to the emerging literature which suggests that the oxidative stress hypothesis does not encompass the role of reactive species in cell signaling and therefore the interception with reactive species with antioxidant supplementation may result in disruption of redox signaling. In addition, the accumulation of redox modified proteins or organelles cannot be reversed by oxidant intercepting antioxidants and must then be removed by alternative mechanisms. We have proposed that autophagy serves this essential function in removing damaged or dysfunctional proteins and organelles thus preserving neuronal function and survival. In this review, we will highlight observations regarding the impact of autophagy regulation on cellular bioenergetics and survival in response to reactive species or reactive species generating compounds, and in response to proteotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Redmann
- Center for Free Radical Biology,; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology,; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology,; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham,; Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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85
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Li W, Yang Y, Hou X, Zhuang H, Wu Z, Li Z, Guo R, Chen H, Lin C, Zhong W, Chen Y, Wu K, Zhang L, Feng D. MicroRNA-495 regulates starvation-induced autophagy by targeting ATG3. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:726-38. [PMID: 26910393 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The functions of some essential autophagy genes are regulated by microRNAs. However, an ATG3-modulating microRNA has never been reported. Here we show that the transcription of miR-495 negatively correlates with the translation of ATG3 under nutrient-deprived or rapamycin-treated conditions. miR-495 targets ATG3 and regulates its protein levels under starvation conditions. miR-495 also inhibits starvation-induced autophagy by decreasing the number of autophagosomes and by preventing LC3-I-to-LC3-II transition and P62 degradation. These processes are reversed by the overexpression of an endogenous miR-495 inhibitor. Re-expression of Atg3 without miR-495 response elements restores miR-495-inhibited autophagy. miR-495 sustains cell viability under starvation conditions but has no effect under hypoxia. Moreover, miR-495 inhibits etoposide-induced cell death. In conclusion, miR-495 is involved in starvation-induced autophagy by regulating Atg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zijun Wu
- Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Runmin Guo
- Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunxia Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keng Wu
- Department of Cardiovasology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Du Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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86
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Sanders KJC, Kneppers AEM, van de Bool C, Langen RCJ, Schols AMWJ. Cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new insights and therapeutic perspective. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:5-22. [PMID: 27066314 PMCID: PMC4799856 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia and muscle wasting are well recognized as common and partly reversible features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adversely affecting disease progression and prognosis. This argues for integration of weight and muscle maintenance in patient care. In this review, recent insights are presented in the diagnosis of muscle wasting in COPD, the pathophysiology of muscle wasting, and putative mechanisms involved in a disturbed energy balance as cachexia driver. We discuss the therapeutic implications of these new insights for optimizing and personalizing management of COPD-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J C Sanders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Anita E M Kneppers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Coby van de Bool
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
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87
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The role of autophagy in axonal degeneration of the optic nerve. Exp Eye Res 2016; 144:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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88
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Ahuja S, Knudsen L, Chillappagari S, Henneke I, Ruppert C, Korfei M, Gochuico BR, Bellusci S, Seeger W, Ochs M, Guenther A, Mahavadi P. MAP1LC3B overexpression protects against Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type-1-induced defective autophagy in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L519-31. [PMID: 26719147 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00213.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, and some patients with HPS develop pulmonary fibrosis, known as HPS-associated interstitial pneumonia (HPSIP). We have previously reported that HPSIP is associated with severe surfactant accumulation, lysosomal stress, and alveolar epithelial cell type II (AECII) apoptosis. Here, we hypothesized that defective autophagy might result in excessive lysosomal stress in HPSIP. Key autophagy proteins, including LC3B lipidation and p62, were increased in HPS1/2 mice lungs. Electron microscopy demonstrated a preferable binding of LC3B to the interior of lamellar bodies in the AECII of HPS1/2 mice, whereas in wild-type mice it was present on the limiting membrane in addition to the interior of the lamellar bodies. Similar observations were noted in human HPS1 lung sections. In vitro knockdown of HPS1 revealed increased LC3B lipidation and p62 accumulation, associated with an increase in proapoptotic caspases. Overexpression of LC3B decreased the HPS1 knockdown-induced p62 accumulation, whereas rapamycin treatment did not show the same effect. We conclude that loss of HPS1 protein results in impaired autophagy that is restored by exogenous LC3B and that defective autophagy might therefore play a critical role in the development and progression of HPSIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket Ahuja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shashi Chillappagari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Henneke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Martina Korfei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany; Member European IPF Registry/Biobank; and
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End-Stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Giessen, Germany; Member European IPF Registry/Biobank; and Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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89
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Ivankovic D, Chau KY, Schapira AHV, Gegg ME. Mitochondrial and lysosomal biogenesis are activated following PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy. J Neurochem 2015; 136:388-402. [PMID: 26509433 PMCID: PMC4949652 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of the autophagy–lysosome pathway is implicated with the changes in α‐synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Damaged mitochondria accumulate PINK1, which then recruits parkin, resulting in ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins. These can then be bound by the autophagic proteins p62/SQSTM1 and LC3, resulting in degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy. Mutations in PINK1 and parkin genes are a cause of familial PD. We found a significant increase in the expression of p62/SQSTM1 mRNA and protein following mitophagy induction in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. p62 protein not only accumulated on mitochondria, but was also greatly increased in the cytosol. Increased p62/SQSMT1 expression was prevented in PINK1 knock‐down cells, suggesting increased p62 expression was a consequence of mitophagy induction. The transcription factors Nrf2 and TFEB, which play roles in mitochondrial and lysosomal biogenesis, respectively, can regulate p62/SQSMT1. We report that both Nrf2 and TFEB translocate to the nucleus following mitophagy induction and that the increase in p62 mRNA levels was significantly impaired in cells with Nrf2 or TFEB knockdown. TFEB translocation also increased expression of itself and lysosomal proteins such as glucocerebrosidase and cathepsin D following mitophagy induction. We also report that cells with increased TFEB protein have significantly higher PGC‐1α mRNA levels, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in increased mitochondrial content. Our data suggests that TFEB is activated following mitophagy to maintain autophagy–lysosome pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, strategies to increase TFEB may improve both the clearance of α‐synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
Damaged mitochondria are degraded by the autophagy–lysosome pathway and is termed mitophagy. Following mitophagy induction, the transcription factors Nrf2 and TFEB translocate to the nucleus, inducing the transcription of genes encoding for autophagic proteins such as p62, as well as lysosomal and mitochondrial proteins. We propose that these events maintain autophagic flux, replenish lysosomes and replace mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Ivankovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew E Gegg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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90
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Granata C, Oliveira RSF, Little JP, Renner K, Bishop DJ. Training intensity modulates changes in PGC-1α and p53 protein content and mitochondrial respiration, but not markers of mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2015; 30:959-70. [PMID: 26572168 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training has been associated with increased mitochondrial content and respiration. However, no study to date has compared in parallel how training at different intensities affects mitochondrial respiration and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. Twenty-nine healthy men performed 4 wk (12 cycling sessions) of either sprint interval training [SIT; 4-10 × 30-s all-out bouts at ∼200% of peak power output (WPeak)], high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 4-7 × 4-min intervals at ∼90% WPeak), or sublactate threshold continuous training (STCT; 20-36 min at ∼65% WPeak). The STCT and HIIT groups were matched for total work. Resting biopsy samples (vastus lateralis) were obtained before and after training. The maximal mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized muscle fibers increased significantly only after SIT (25%). Similarly, the protein content of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, p53, and plant homeodomain finger-containing protein 20 (PHF20) increased only after SIT (60-90%). Conversely, citrate synthase activity, and the protein content of TFAM and subunits of the electron transport system complexes remained unchanged throughout. Our findings suggest that training intensity is an important factor that regulates training-induced changes in mitochondrial respiration and that there is an apparent dissociation between training-induced changes in mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content. Moreover, changes in the protein content of PGC-1α, p53, and PHF20 are more strongly associated with training-induced changes in mitochondrial respiration than mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Granata
- *Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo S F Oliveira
- *Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Little
- *Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- *Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David J Bishop
- *Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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91
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Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are both highly regulated biological processes that have important roles in development, differentiation, homeostasis, and disease. These processes may take place independently, with autophagy being cytoprotective for preventing cells from apoptosis and apoptosis blocking autophagy. But in most circumstances, both may be induced sequentially with autophagy preceding apoptosis. The simultaneous activation of both processes has been observed not only in experimental settings but also in pathophysiological conditions. In fact, these two pathways are tightly connected with each other by substantial interplays between them, enabling the coordinated regulation of cell fates by these two pathways. They share some common upstream signaling components, and some components of one pathway may play important roles in the other, and vice versa. Such proteins represent the critical interconnections of the two pathways, which seem to determine the cell for survival or death. Here several critical molecular interconnections between apoptosis and autophagy pathways are reviewed, with their action mechanisms being highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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92
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Zeng S, Kapur A, Patankar MS, Xiong MP. Formulation, Characterization, and Antitumor Properties of Trans- and Cis-Citral in the 4T1 Breast Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2548-58. [PMID: 25673043 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Citral is composed of a random mixture of two geometric stereoisomers geranial (trans-citral) and neral (cis-citral) yet few studies have directly compared their in vivo antitumor properties. A micelle formulation was therefore developed. METHODS Geranial and neral were synthesized. Commercially-purchased citral, geranial, and neral were formulated in PEG-b-PCL (block sizes of 5000:10,000, Mw/Mn 1.26) micelles. In vitro degradation, drug release, cytotoxicity, flow cytometry, and western blot studies were conducted. The antitumor properties of drug formulations (40 and 80 mg/kg based on MTD studies) were evaluated on the 4T1 xenograft mouse model and tumor tissues were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS Micelles encapsulated drugs with >50% LE at 5-40% drug to polymer (w/w), displayed sustained release (t1/2 of 8-9 h), and improved drug stability at pH 5.0. The IC50 of drug formulations against 4T1 cells ranged from 1.4 to 9.9 μM. Western blot revealed that autophagy was the main cause of cytotoxicity. Geranial at 80 mg/kg was most effective at inhibiting tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Geranial is significantly more potent than neral and citral at 80 mg/kg (p < 0.001) and western blot of tumor tissues confirms that autophagy and not apoptosis is the major mechanism of tumor growth inhibition in p53-null 4T1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705-2222, USA
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93
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang P. Lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 switch gene 2 inhibits reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C496-504. [PMID: 25588877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00317.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2), a novel target gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, is highly expressed in fat tissues. G0S2 acts as proapoptotic factor toward human cancer cells. Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis may be an initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the expression and function of G0S2 in vascular ECs remain unknown. Here, we reported for the first time that G0S2 is expressed in arterial ECs. Ectopic expression of G0S2 increased neutral lipid accumulation in cultured ECs. However, G0S2 prevented ECs from serum-free starvation stress- and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis. G0S2 blocked the H2O2-induced dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential. G0S2 decreased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, followed by activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The anti-apoptotic effect of G0S2 was Bcl-2 and adipose triglyceride lipase independent. In contrast, gene silence of G0S2 increased serum-free starvation stress-induced EC apoptosis and decreased the formation of capillary-like structures. We further found that G0S2 couples with the F0F1-ATP synthase in ECs. Levels of ATP were elevated, whereas reactive oxygen species levels were reduced in G0S2-expressing ECs. G0S2 can inhibit endothelial denudation secondary to H2O2-induced injury to ECs in vivo. These results indicate that G0S2 acts as a prosurvival molecule in ECs. Taken together, our results indicate that G0S2 has a protective function in ECs and may be a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases associated with reactive oxygen species-induced EC injury, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China; and
| | - Yichun Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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94
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Teaching the basics of autophagy and mitophagy to redox biologists--mechanisms and experimental approaches. Redox Biol 2015; 4:242-59. [PMID: 25618581 PMCID: PMC4803799 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal mediated degradation activity providing an essential mechanism for recycling cellular constituents, and clearance of excess or damaged lipids, proteins and organelles. Autophagy involves more than 30 proteins and is regulated by nutrient availability, and various stress sensing signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms and regulation of autophagy, its role in health and diseases, and methods for its measurement. Hopefully this teaching review together with the graphic illustrations will be helpful for instructors teaching graduate students who are interested in grasping the concepts and major research areas and introducing recent developments in the field. mTOR, Beclin–VPS34, LC3 homologs, and adaptor proteins in autophagy. Autophagosomal membranes may derive from multiple sources. Autophagosomal–lysosomal fusion contributes to the control of autophagic flux. Assess autophagy by autophagosomal and protein turnover, and morphological alterations. Autophagy adysfunction in cancer, aging, neurodegeneration and infection.
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95
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Madeo F, Zimmermann A, Maiuri MC, Kroemer G. Essential role for autophagy in life span extension. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:85-93. [PMID: 25654554 PMCID: PMC4382258 DOI: 10.1172/jci73946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Life and health span can be prolonged by calorie limitation or by pharmacologic agents that mimic the effects of caloric restriction. Both starvation and the genetic inactivation of nutrient signaling converge on the induction of autophagy, a cytoplasmic recycling process that counteracts the age-associated accumulation of damaged organelles and proteins as it improves the metabolic fitness of cells. Here we review experimental findings indicating that inhibition of the major nutrient and growth-related signaling pathways as well as the upregulation of anti-aging pathways mediate life span extension via the induction of autophagy. Furthermore, we discuss mounting evidence suggesting that autophagy is not only necessary but, at least in some cases, also sufficient for increasing longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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96
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Allison DB, Antoine LH, Ballinger SW, Bamman MM, Biga P, Darley-Usmar VM, Fisher G, Gohlke JM, Halade GV, Hartman JL, Hunter GR, Messina JL, Nagy TR, Plaisance EP, Powell ML, Roth KA, Sandel MW, Schwartz TS, Smith DL, Sweatt JD, Tollefsbol TO, Watts SA, Yang Y, Zhang J, Austad SN. Aging and energetics' 'Top 40' future research opportunities 2010-2013. F1000Res 2014; 3:219. [PMID: 25324965 PMCID: PMC4197746 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5212.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of a coordinated effort to expand our research activity at the interface of Aging and Energetics a team of investigators at The University of Alabama at Birmingham systematically assayed and catalogued the top research priorities identified in leading publications in that domain, believing the result would be useful to the scientific community at large. OBJECTIVE To identify research priorities and opportunities in the domain of aging and energetics as advocated in the 40 most cited papers related to aging and energetics in the last 4 years. DESIGN The investigators conducted a search for papers on aging and energetics in Scopus, ranked the resulting papers by number of times they were cited, and selected the ten most-cited papers in each of the four years that include 2010 to 2013, inclusive. RESULTS Ten research categories were identified from the 40 papers. These included: (1) Calorie restriction (CR) longevity response, (2) role of mTOR (mechanistic target of Rapamycin) and related factors in lifespan extension, (3) nutrient effects beyond energy (especially resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids, and selected amino acids), 4) autophagy and increased longevity and health, (5) aging-associated predictors of chronic disease, (6) use and effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), (7) telomeres relative to aging and energetics, (8) accretion and effects of body fat, (9) the aging heart, and (10) mitochondria, reactive oxygen species, and cellular energetics. CONCLUSION The field is rich with exciting opportunities to build upon our existing knowledge about the relations among aspects of aging and aspects of energetics and to better understand the mechanisms which connect them.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Allison
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Lisa H. Antoine
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Peggy Biga
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Julia M. Gohlke
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Ganesh V. Halade
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Medicine – Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - John L. Hartman
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Joseph L. Messina
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, USA
| | - Tim R. Nagy
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Mickie L. Powell
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Kevin A. Roth
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Michael W. Sandel
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Tonia S. Schwartz
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - J. David Sweatt
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Steven N. Austad
- Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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97
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Ke XX, Zhang D, Zhu S, Xia Q, Xiang Z, Cui H. Inhibition of H3K9 methyltransferase G9a repressed cell proliferation and induced autophagy in neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106962. [PMID: 25198515 PMCID: PMC4157855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation plays an important role in gene transcription and chromatin organization and is linked to the silencing of a number of critical tumor suppressor genes in tumorigenesis. G9a is a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) for histone H3 lysine 9. In this study, we investigated the role of G9a in neuroblastoma tumor growth together with the G9a inhibitor BIX01294. The exposure of neuroblastoma cells to BIX01294 resulted in the inhibition of cell growth and proliferation, and BIX01294 treatment resulted in the inhibition of the tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells in NOD/SCID mice. Therefore, G9a may be a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Moreover, we found several specific characteristics of autophagy after BIX01294 treatment, including the appearance of membranous vacuoles and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3B). Similar results were observed in G9a-knockdown cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that G9a is a prognostic marker in neuroblastoma, and revealed a potential role of G9a in regulating the autophagy signaling pathway in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dunke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (HC)
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (HC)
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98
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Zuo W, Zhang S, Xia CY, Guo XF, He WB, Chen NH. Mitochondria autophagy is induced after hypoxic/ischemic stress in a Drp1 dependent manner: the role of inhibition of Drp1 in ischemic brain damage. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:103-15. [PMID: 25018043 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in diverse conditions, including metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dynamics has attracted increasing attention as to its relationship with mitochondria autophagy, also known as mitophagy, which is critical for degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial fission and its role in clearance of injured mitochondria in acute ischemic injury, however, have not been elucidated yet. Here we showed that hypoxic/ischemic conditions led to fragmentation of mitochondria and induction of mitophagy in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) PC12 cells. Inhibition of Drp1 by pharmacologic inhibitor or siRNA resulted in accumulation of damaged mitochondria mainly through selectively blocking mitophagy without affecting mitochondrial biogenesis and non-selective autophagy. Drp1 inhibitors increased the infarct volume and aggravated the neurological deficits in a rat model of pMCAO. We demonstrated that the devastating role of disturbed mitochondrial fission by inhibiting Drp1 contributed to the damaged mitochondria-mediated injury such as ROS generation, cyt-c release and activation of caspase-3. Taken together, we proved that under hypoxic/ischemic stress a Drp1-dependent mitophagy was triggered which was involved in the removal of damaged mitochondria and cellular survival at the early stage of hypoxic/ischemic injury. Thus, Drp1 related pathway involved in selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria is proposed as an efficient target for treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, and Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, and Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, and Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Guo
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wen-Bin He
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, and Neuroscience Center, Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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99
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Tang X, Luo YX, Chen HZ, Liu DP. Mitochondria, endothelial cell function, and vascular diseases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:175. [PMID: 24834056 PMCID: PMC4018556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are perhaps the most sophisticated and dynamic responsive sensing systems in eukaryotic cells. The role of mitochondria goes beyond their capacity to create molecular fuel and includes the generation of reactive oxygen species, the regulation of calcium, and the activation of cell death. In endothelial cells, mitochondria have a profound impact on cellular function under both healthy and diseased conditions. In this review, we summarize the basic functions of mitochondria in endothelial cells and discuss the roles of mitochondria in endothelial dysfunction and vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular dysfunction, pulmonary artery hypertension, and hypertension. Finally, the potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function in endothelial cells and vascular diseases are also discussed, with a focus on mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants and calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - De-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
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100
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Parganlija D, Klinkenberg M, Domínguez-Bautista J, Hetzel M, Gispert S, Chimi MA, Dröse S, Mai S, Brandt U, Auburger G, Jendrach M. Loss of PINK1 impairs stress-induced autophagy and cell survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95288. [PMID: 24751806 PMCID: PMC3994056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial kinase PINK1 and the ubiquitin ligase Parkin are participating in quality control after CCCP- or ROS-induced mitochondrial damage, and their dysfunction is associated with the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, PINK1 expression is also induced by starvation indicating an additional role for PINK1 in stress response. Therefore, the effects of PINK1 deficiency on the autophago-lysosomal pathway during stress were investigated. Under trophic deprivation SH-SY5Y cells with stable PINK1 knockdown showed downregulation of key autophagic genes, including Beclin, LC3 and LAMP-2. In good agreement, protein levels of LC3-II and LAMP-2 but not of LAMP-1 were reduced in different cell model systems with PINK1 knockdown or knockout after addition of different stressors. This downregulation of autophagic factors caused increased apoptosis, which could be rescued by overexpression of LC3 or PINK1. Taken together, the PINK1-mediated reduction of autophagic key factors during stress resulted in increased cell death, thus defining an additional pathway that could contribute to the progression of Parkinson's disease in patients with PINK1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Parganlija
- Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Klinkenberg
- Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Bautista
- Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Miriam Hetzel
- Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marthe A. Chimi
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sören Mai
- Kinematic Cell Research Group, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Center of Excellence Frankfurt: Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marina Jendrach
- Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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