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Yuan H, Zhang R, Chen J, Wu J, Han Q, Li Q, Lu Q. Phosphorus resource partitioning underpins diversity patterns and assembly processes of microbial communities in plateau karst lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175860. [PMID: 39214351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication triggered by internal phosphorus (P) poses a substantial threat to the biodiversity of organisms in freshwater ecosystems. However, little is known about the linkages between P resource partitioning and microbial succession, especially in karst sediments. Here, we studied the diversity patterns and assembly processes of bacterial and archaeal communities in sediment cores from two historically hyper-eutrophicated karst lakes, Hongfeng Lake and Aha Lake, and investigated the relative contribution of P fractions to them. Our null and neutral models consistently indicated that bacterial and archaeal community assembly was judged to be deterministic rather than stochastic. We found a monotonically decreasing pattern for bacterial Shannon diversity toward deep sediments in Aha Lake, but U- or hump-shaped patterns for archaea in Hongfeng and Aha Lakes. Intriguingly, the community dissimilarity Bray-Curtis of bacteria and archaea consistently increased with increasing depth distance, with slopes of 0.0080 and 0.0069 in Hongfeng Lake and 0.0078 and 0.0087 in Aha Lake, respectively. Such cross-taxon congruence was well-supported by equivalent ecological processes (i.e., environmental selection). For bacteria and archaea, Shannon diversity was primarily affected by the total P (TP) fractions such as the loosely adsorbed TP or calcium-bound TP and sediment TP. Their community composition was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by calcium-bound inorganic P (Pi), loosely adsorbed Pi and reductant-soluble Pi. Although sediment properties were important, bacterial and archaeal diversity or community composition were well-explained by the Pi fractions, with high direct or indirect effects. In particular, Pi fractions exhibited stronger effects on bacterial and archaeal characteristics than organic P fractions. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into the ecological importance of P resource partitioning to microbial succession, which has crucial implications for disentangling the biogeochemical processes of P cycling in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Jingan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Qiping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Santidrián Tomillo P, Cordero-Umaña K, Valverde-Cantillo V. High thermal tolerance of egg clutches and potential adaptive capacity in green turtles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175961. [PMID: 39226957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming threatens sea turtles, among other effects, because high temperatures increase embryo mortality. However, not all species and populations are expected to respond the same way because they could have different thermal tolerances and capacities to adapt. We tested the effect of incubation temperature on egg mortality in a population of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) previously suggested to be less affected by extreme climatic events than others. We (1) assessed the relationship between temperature and hatching success, (2) defined an optimal range of temperatures that maximized hatching success and (3) assessed the variability in the response to temperature among clutches laid by different mothers, which could allow adaptation. Hatching success was consistently high in green turtle clutches with a skew toward high values, with 50 % of clutches having a success above 94 %. Yet, it was mildly affected by temperature, declining at both low and high temperatures. The optimal range of mean incubation temperatures was between ~30.5 °C and 32.5 °C. Current mean temperatures (31.3 °C) fall within the middle of the optimal range, indicating a potential resilience to further rises in mean nest temperature. Hatching success was best described by nest temperature and the interaction between female identity and temperature. This last predictor indicated a variability in thermal tolerance among clutches laid by different mothers and therefore, a capacity to adapt. The studied population of green turtles seems to be less vulnerable than others to climate warming. Understanding how different populations could respond to increasing temperatures could help complete the picture on the potential effects of climate change on sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Santidrián Tomillo
- Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), Moll de Ponent s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Keilor Cordero-Umaña
- The Leatherback Trust, Goldring-Gund Marine Biology Station, Playa Grande, Costa Rica; Menéndez Pelayo International University (UIMP-CSIC), Isaac Peral 23, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Valverde-Cantillo
- The Leatherback Trust, Goldring-Gund Marine Biology Station, Playa Grande, Costa Rica; Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Fernández CE, Luna-Jorquera G, González Encinas V, Auger Lancelloti A, Lantadilla C, Aguilar-Pulido R, Kiessling T, Knickmeier K, Varela AI, Thiel M. Seabirds as biovectors in the transport of plastic debris across ecosystem borders: A case study from the Humboldt Current Upwelling System. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175938. [PMID: 39218118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Seabirds have become biovectors of plastic pollutants between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and transport of plastics to their nesting sites becomes relevant due to increasing levels of pollution. To determine the pathways by which plastic reaches their colonies, we analysed the abundance of plastics at the nesting sites of five seabird species (Humboldt penguin Spheniscus humboldti, Peruvian booby Sula variegata, kelp gull Larus dominicanus, grey gull Leucophaeus modestus, Markham's storm-petrel Hydrobates markhami) nesting in northern Chile. Seabirds were primarily grouped according to their nesting behaviour, but two species foraging in contrasting habitats (kelp gull and Markham's storm-petrel) were also compared directly. The abundance, type, and polymer of macro-, meso- and microplastics were analysed in the soil of colonies and control sites, and microplastic ingestion was evaluated for selected species. Densities of plastics in colonies of surface-nesting seabirds ranged from 0 to 21.4 items m-2 (mainly plastic bags and thin films), and 0.002 to 19.7 items m-2 (mainly hard fragments) in colonies of burrow-nesting seabirds. Mean microplastic loads in the stomachs of seabirds were between 3.7 ± 4.2 plastic items individual-1. Overall, the abundances of plastic items in all seabird colonies were low, suggesting a limited transfer of plastics from sea to land. For kelp gulls, the results indicate transfer of macroplastic items to colonies, reaching the colony via regurgitates, with landfills considered as the main plastic source. Our results suggest that contrasting nesting behaviour and foraging habitats among species can explain differential plastic accumulation in seabird colonies, but also other factors, such as wind, contribute to the accumulation of plastic debris in colonies. Proper management of sanitary landfills are key to reduce plastic contamination of coastal seabirds and their colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Fernández
- Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas; Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Guillermo Luna-Jorquera
- Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim Kiessling
- Kiel Science Factory, Kiel University & Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katrin Knickmeier
- Kiel Science Factory, Kiel University & Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea I Varela
- Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
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54
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Clubley CH, Silva TAM, Wood LE, Firth LB, Bilton DT, O'Dea E, Knights AM. Multi-generational dispersal and dynamic patch occupancy reveals spatial and temporal stability of seascapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175762. [PMID: 39197777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The success of non-native species (NNS) invasions depends on patterns of dispersal and connectivity, which underpin genetic diversity, population establishment and growth. In the marine environment, both global environmental change and increasing anthropogenic activity can alter hydrodynamic patterns, leading to significant inter-annual variability in dispersal pathways. Despite this, multi-generational dispersal is rarely explicitly considered in attempts to understand NNS spread or in the design of management interventions. Here, we present a novel approach to quantifying species spread that considers range expansion and network formation across time using the non-native Pacific oyster, Magallana gigas (Thunberg 1793), as a model. We combined biophysical modelling, dynamic patch occupancy models, consideration of environmental factors, and graph network theory to model multi-generational dispersal in northwest Europe over 13 generations. Results revealed that M. gigas has a capacity for rapid range expansion through the creation of an ecological network of dispersal pathways that remains stable through time. Maximum network size was achieved in four generations, after which connectivity patterns remained temporally stable. Multi-generational connectivity could therefore be divided into two periods: network growth (2000-2003) and network stability (2004-2012). Our study is the first to examine how dispersal trajectories affect the temporal stability of ecological networks across biogeographic scales, and provides an approach for the assignment of site-based prioritisation of non-native species management at different stages of the invasion timeline. More broadly, the framework we present can be applied to other fields (e.g. Marine Protected Area design, management of threatened species and species range expansion due to climate change) as a means of characterising and defining ecological network structure, functioning and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H Clubley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Tiago A M Silva
- Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, NR33 0HT Lowestoft, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa E Wood
- Centre for Blue Governance, Department of Economics and Finance, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3DE, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 15, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
| | - David T Bilton
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Enda O'Dea
- Met Éireann, 65/67 Glasnevin Hill, Dublin 9 D09 Y921, Ireland; Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, United Kingdom
| | - Antony M Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
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55
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Naudascher R, Boes RM, Fernandez V, Wittmann J, Holzner M, Vanzo D, Silva LGM, Stocker R. Fine-scale movement response of juvenile brown trout to hydropeaking. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175679. [PMID: 39218092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Juvenile fish are known to be the most impacted during hydropeaking events due to stranding or uncontrolled drift resulting from changes to water depth and flow velocity. To shed light on their response to such hydraulic alterations, we coupled flume experiments with image-based fish tracking and quantified the fine-scale movement behavior of wild (n = 30) and hatchery-reared (n = 38) brown trout (Salmo trutta) parr. We exposed fish to two distinct hydropeaking treatments in a laterally inclined (14 %) flume section stocked with real cobbles to create refuge and heterogeneous hydraulic conditions. Fish were individually acclimated (20 min) to baseflow (Q = 1.6 L s-1) and then exposed to three consecutive hydropeaking events, reaching peakflows tenfold larger than baseflow (Q = 16 L s-1). We found that, within just minutes, fish exhibited fine-scale movement responses to cope with the change of hydrodynamic conditions. Fish moved perpendicular to the main flow direction to shallow areas as these became submerged during discharge increase, holding position at low velocity zones. This resulted in a significant difference (p < 0.001) in lateral occupancy of the experimental section between baseflow and peakflow. During peakflow, fish occupied specific positions around cobbles and exhibited swimming behaviors, including bow-riding and entraining, that allowed them to hold position while likely minimizing energy expenditure. As a result, swimming distance reduced 60-70 % compared to baseflow. During the decrease in discharge following peakflow, fish abandoned areas falling dry by moving laterally. In the treatment with the larger down-ramping rate, the time to initiate relocation was lower while the relocation speed was higher. This study shows that, for the conditions investigated here, brown trout parr is capable of swiftly deploying multiple behavioral responses to navigate rapid changes in hydrodynamic conditions. These findings can be incorporated into habitat modeling and improve our capacity to inform hydropeaking mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Naudascher
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 26, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Robert M Boes
- Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 26, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Vicente Fernandez
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Joël Wittmann
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Markus Holzner
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Davide Vanzo
- Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 26, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Institute for Water and Environment, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Luiz G M Silva
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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56
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Pinochet J, Thiel M, Urbina M. How plastic litter sunk by biofouling recovers buoyancy - The role of benthic predation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175910. [PMID: 39226971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Estimates suggest that the amount of plastic litter discarded in the ocean is several times greater than what remains floating at the sea surface, raising questions about the fate of this marine debris. Fouling-induced sinking of plastic litter is one of the proposed mechanisms responsible for this mass difference. While some of this 'missing' plastic mass may be explained by the effects of fouling, it has also been hypothesized that sinking litter may return to the surface after benthic organisms consume the biofouling. However, this hypothesis has never been tested. The present study evaluated the structure and biomass of the fouling community in response to benthic predation in both summer and winter seasons. Floating PVC plates were installed during winter and summer in central Chile (36°S) until the growing biofouling community caused them to sink. Plates were then moved to the seabed, where they were exposed to benthic predation, while control plates were maintained in a mesh cage impeding predator access. In summer, all plates recovered their buoyancy, while in the winter only 60 % recovered buoyancy. All caged control samples remained on the bottom in both seasons. The community structure differed both in the treatments and across the seasons, with plates that recovered buoyancy initially being dominated by Ulva sp. and Ciona robusta. Conversely, plates that did not refloat were mainly covered by species resistant to predation such as Pyura chilensis, Austromegabalanus psittacus, and Balanus laevis. Thus, fouling community structure influences how predation facilitates buoyancy recovery, because not all epibionts can be consumed by predators. While previous studies had shown how fouling organisms cause sinking of floating litter, this is the first study to provide experimental evidence that predation can reverse this process and allow litter to resurface and become again available as dispersal vectors for native and invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pinochet
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA; Dpto. de Biologia Marina, Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Center of Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Mauricio Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, PO Box 1313, Concepción, Chile.
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57
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de Vries J, de Vries S, Fernie AR. Current and future perspectives for enhancing our understanding of the evolution of plant metabolism. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20240253. [PMID: 39343013 PMCID: PMC11439503 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2024.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The special issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism' has brought together original research, reviews and opinions that cover various aspects from the full breath of plant metabolism including its interaction with the environment including other species. Here, we briefly summarize these efforts and attempts to extract a consensus opinion of the best manner in which to tackle this subject both now and in the future. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
- University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Goldschmidstr.1, Goettingen37077, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Sophie de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Goettingen, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm14476, Germany
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Rieseberg TP, Holzhausen A, Bierenbroodspot MJ, Zhang W, Abreu IN, de Vries J. Conserved carotenoid pigmentation in reproductive organs of Charophyceae. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230372. [PMID: 39343025 PMCID: PMC11449214 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction in Charophyceae abounds in complex traits. Their gametangia develop as intricate structures, with oogonia spirally surrounded by envelope cells and richly pigmented antheridia. The red-probably protectant-pigmentation of antheridia is conserved across Charophyceae. Chara tomentosa is, however, unique in exhibiting this pigmentation and also in vegetative tissue. Here, we investigated the two sympatric species, C. tomentosa and Chara baltica, and compared their molecular chassis for pigmentation. Using reversed phase C30 high performance liquid chromatography (RP-C30-HPLC), we uncover that the major pigments are β-carotene, δ-carotene and γ-carotene; using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer (HS-SPME-GC-MS), we pinpoint that the unusually large carotenoid pool in C. tomentosa gives rise to diverse volatile apocarotenoids, including abundant 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Based on transcriptome analyses, we uncover signatures of the unique biology of Charophycaee and genes for pigment production, including monocyclized carotenoids. The rich carotenoid pool probably serves as a substrate for diverse carotenoid-derived metabolites, signified not only by (i) the volatile apocarotenoids we detected but (ii) the high expression of a gene coding for a cytochrome P450 enzyme related to land plant proteins involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoid-derived hormones. Overall, our data shed light on a key protection strategy of sexual reproduction in the widespread group of macroalgae. The genetic underpinnings of this are shared across hundreds of millions of years of plant and algal evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Rieseberg
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Anja Holzhausen
- Department of Crop Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Betty Heimann-Str. 5 , Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Maaike J Bierenbroodspot
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Wanchen Zhang
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht Haller Institute of Plant Science, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Goettingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Goldschmidtstr. 1, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Campus Institute Data Science, University of Goettingen , Goettingen 37077, Germany
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Abel S, Naumann C. Evolution of phosphate scouting in the terrestrial biosphere. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230355. [PMID: 39343020 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemistry assigns phosphorus and its most oxidized form, inorganic phosphate, unique roles for propelling bioenergetics and metabolism in all domains of life, possibly since its very origin on prebiotic Earth. For plants, access to the vital mineral nutrient profoundly affects growth, development and vigour, thus constraining net primary productivity in natural ecosystems and crop production in modern agriculture. Unlike other major biogenic elements, the low abundance and uneven distribution of phosphate in Earth's crust result from the peculiarities of phosphorus cosmochemistry and geochemistry. Here, we trace the chemical evolution of the element, the geochemical phosphorus cycle and its acceleration during Earth's history until the present (Anthropocene) as well as during the evolution and rise of terrestrial plants. We highlight the chemical and biological processes of phosphate mobilization and acquisition, first evolved in bacteria, refined in fungi and algae and expanded into powerful phosphate-prospecting strategies during land plant colonization. Furthermore, we review the evolution of the genetic and molecular networks from bacteria to terrestrial plants, which monitor intracellular and extracellular phosphate availabilities and coordinate the appropriate responses and adjustments to fluctuating phosphate supply. Lastly, we discuss the modern global phosphorus cycle deranged by human activity and the challenges imposed ahead. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolution and diversity of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Halle 06120, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle 06120, Germany
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis , Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Halle 06120, Germany
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Naake T, D'Auria JC, Fernie AR, Scossa F. Phylogenomic and synteny analysis of BAHD and SCP/SCPL gene families reveal their evolutionary histories in plant specialized metabolism. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230349. [PMID: 39343028 PMCID: PMC11449225 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant chemical diversity is largely owing to a number of enzymes which catalyse reactions involved in the assembly, and in the subsequent chemical modifications, of the core structures of major classes of plant specialized metabolites. One such reaction is acylation. With this in mind, to study the deep evolutionary history of BAHD and the serine-carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) acyltransferase genes, we assembled phylogenomic synteny networks based on a large-scale inference analysis of orthologues across whole-genome sequences of 126 species spanning Stramenopiles and Archaeplastida, including Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and maize (Zea mays). As such, this study combined the study of genomic location with changes in gene sequences. Our analyses revealed that serine-carboxypeptidase (SCP)/serine-carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) genes had a deeper evolutionary origin than BAHD genes, which expanded massively on the transition to land and with the development of the vascular system. The two gene families additionally display quite distinct patterns of copy number variation across phylogenies as well as differences in cross-phylogenetic syntenic network components. In unlocking the above observations, our analyses demonstrate the possibilities afforded by modern phylogenomic (syntenic) networks, but also highlight their current limitations, as demonstrated by the inability of phylogenetic methods to separate authentic SCPL acyltransferases from standard SCP peptide hydrolases.This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Naake
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany
| | - John C D'Auria
- Leibniz Institute of Crop Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Federico Scossa
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Rome, Italy
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Dose A, Kennington WJ, Evans JP. Heat stress mediates toxicity of rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles on fertilisation capacity in the broadcast spawning mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175567. [PMID: 39153630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nTiO2) pollution of marine environments is rapidly increasing with potentially deleterious effects on wildlife. Yet, the impacts of nTiO2 on reproduction remain poorly understood. This is especially the case for broadcast spawners, who are likely to be more severely impacted by environmental disturbances because their gametes are directly exposed to the environment during fertilisation. In addition, it is unclear whether rising water temperatures will further exacerbate the impact of nTiO2 toxicity. Here, in a series of fertilisation trials, we systematically examine the main and interactive effects of nTiO2 exposure and seawater temperature on fertilisation success in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Specifically, our fertilisation trials explored whether nTiO2 exposure influences fertilisation rates when (i) eggs alone are exposed, (ii) both sperm and eggs are exposed simultaneously, and (iii) whether increases in seawater temperature interact with nTiO2 exposure to influence fertilisation rates. We also ask whether changes in nTiO2 concentrations influence key sperm motility traits using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). In fertilisation trials for treatment groups (i) and (ii), we found no main effects of nTiO2 at environmentally relevant concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 μg L-1 on fertilisation capacity relative to the control. Consistent with these findings, we found no effect of nTiO2 exposure on sperm motility. However, in treatment group (iii), when fertilisation trials were conducted at higher temperatures (+6 °C), exposure of gametes from both sexes to 10 μg L-1 nTiO2 led to a reduction in fertilisation rates that was significantly greater than when gametes were exposed to elevated temperature alone. These interacting effects of nTiO2 exposure and seawater temperature demonstrate the toxic potential of nTiO2 for fertilisation processes in a system that is likely to be impacted heavily by predicted future increases in sea surface temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dose
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, WA, Australia.
| | - Winn Jason Kennington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, WA, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Paul Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, WA, Australia.
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Chaturvedi RK, Tripathi A, Pandey R, Raghubanshi AS, Singh JS. Assessment of habitat features modulated carbon sequestration strategies for drought management in tropical dry forest fragments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175703. [PMID: 39179036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Habitat features, such as species diversity, functional diversity, tree size, disturbances and fragment sizes have differential impacts on carbon (C) storage and C-sequestration in forest ecosystems. Present study attempted to understand the tree strategies for modulating C-sequestration capacity across tropical dry forest fragments with variable edge distances. We evaluated the differences between drought strategies (i.e., drought avoiding and drought tolerant) for variations in stem density, relative growth rate (RGR), C-storage and C-sequestration, species diversity, functional diversity, tree size and disturbance indicators along edge distance gradient, besides analyzed the differences between drought strategies for responses of C-storage and C-sequestration to variations in species diversity, functional diversity, tree size and disturbance indicators. Various traits and functional indices were analyzed using standard statistical techniques. For total trees and for the two drought strategies, generalized linear modeling results showed a significant decline in stem density, RGR, C-stock, C-sequestration, species diversity, functional diversity and tree size indicators, while a considerable increase in disturbance indicators, along decreasing edge distance across the fragments. The drought strategies exhibited a high degree of variation in the slope of associations for above variables with edge distance across fragments. For predicting C-sequestration, structural equation modeling results showed highly significant influence of functional diversity indicators for drought avoiding strategy, while species diversity indicators were strongly significant for drought tolerant strategy. Moreover, fire index and drought index were critical predictors for C-sequestration for drought avoiding and drought tolerant strategies, respectively. This study provide inputs to understand the largely ignored processes of C-storage and C-sequestration in fragmented forests, which are currently prevalent due to heavy anthropogenic pressures. Our findings are useful for forest managers to understand vegetation responses to interactions of species diversity, functional diversity, tree size and disturbance indicators, for predicting the stability of larger fragments and for planning restoration of smaller fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaturvedi
- Center for Integrative Conservation & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephant, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Anshuman Tripathi
- National Mineral Development Corporation Limited, Bailadila Iron Ore Mine, Bacheli Complex, Dantewada, 494553, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rajiv Pandey
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun, India
| | - A S Raghubanshi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J S Singh
- Ecosystems Analysis Laboratory, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rewi ST, Fessardi M, Landers TJ, Lyver PO, Taylor GA, Bury SJ, Dunphy BJ. Feather mercury content of grey-faced petrels (Pterodroma gouldi): Relationships with age, breeding success, and foraging behaviour, in known age individuals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175778. [PMID: 39187092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Seabirds have been touted as excellent bioindicators of mercury pollution. We utilised grey-faced petrel (Pterodroma gouldi) feathers to assess interannual differences in total mercury (THg) concentrations in adults (2020-2021) and chicks (2019-2021) breeding in the Auckland region of New Zealand. For adults, we also correlated feather THg with bird age (3-37+ years) and breeding outcome (i.e., Non breeder, Egg failed, Chick reared) recorded for that season i.e., 2020 and 2021. Interannual differences in chick feather THg were matched with bulk stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) to map the influence of adult foraging behaviour on chick feather THg values. Adult feather THg levels were similar across the years investigated i.e., mean ± S.D. 38.2 ± 12.8 (2020), and 39.5 ± 14.7 (2021) ug g-1 (some of the highest THg values recorded for seabirds). A slight, but significant decrease in THg accumulation was evident as age increased but feather THg had no significant influence on breeding outcome. Interannual differences in chick feather THg concentrations were 7.78 ± 1.6 (2019), 4.23 ± 1.45 (2020) and 6.97 ± 4.41 (2021) μg g-1, (p < 0.01); and correlated with a significantly lower δ13C value i.e., -17.2 ± 0.4 ‰ (2019), -17.8 ± 0.3 ‰ (2020) and -17.6 ± 0.2 ‰ (2021). This suggests that the lower feather THg values in 2020 chicks resulted from more oceanic, rather than shelf-edge, prey being consumed by chicks that year. Values of δ15N in chick feathers remained consistent among years i.e., 15.2 ± 1.2 ‰ (2019), 15.2 ± 0.2 ‰ (2020) and 15.3 ‰ (± 0.4). Due to these interannual differences, we recommend using grey-faced petrel chicks to monitor Hg pollution over adults. Chicks are also subject to cultural harvests by Māori communities, offering partnership opportunities to generate mutually beneficial information streams for Māori communities and scientists alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Rewi
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - M Fessardi
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Research and Evaluation Unit (RIMU), Auckland Council, Level 23, 135 Albert Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - T J Landers
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Research and Evaluation Unit (RIMU), Auckland Council, Level 23, 135 Albert Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - P O'B Lyver
- Manaaki Whenua/Landcare Research, 76 Gerald Street, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - G A Taylor
- Dept of Conservation, 18-32 Manners St, PO Box 10 420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand
| | - S J Bury
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - B J Dunphy
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Ecke F, Golovko O, Hörnfeldt B, Ahrens L. Trophic fate and biomagnification of organic micropollutants from staple food to a specialized predator. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119686. [PMID: 39067798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The environmental burden of organic micropollutants has been shown in aquatic ecosystems, while trophic fate of many compounds in terrestrial food chains remains highly elusive. We therefore studied concentrations of 108 organic micropollutants in a common European mammal, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and 82 of the compounds in a specialized predator, Tengmalm's owl (Aegolius funereus) relying to >90 % on voles as its prey. We studied compounds in whole voles (n = 19), pools of 4-8 bank voles (npools = 4), owl blood (n = 10) and in owl eggs (n = 10) in two regions in Sweden. For comparison, we also included previously published data on 23 PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) in bank vole liver (npools = 4) from the same regions. In voles, concentrations of the organic micropollutants caffeine (maxIndividual 220 ng/g ww) and DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) (maxPool 150 ng/g ww) were 2-200 times higher in voles relative to owl blood and eggs. Conversely, concentrations of nicotine, oxazepam, salicylic acid, and tributyl citrate acetate were 1.3-440 times higher in owls. Several PFAS showed biomagnification in owls as revealed by maximum biomagnification factors (BMFs); PFNA (perfluorononanoate) BMF = 5.6, PFTeDA (perfluorotetradecanoic acid) BMF = 5.9, and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) BMF = 6.1. Concentrations of organic micropollutants, alongside calculated BMFs, and Tengmalm's owl's heavy reliance on bank vole as staple food, suggest, despite small sample size and potential spatio-temporal mismatch, accumulation of PFAS (especially PFNA, PFTeDA, and PFOS) in owls and biomagnification along the food chain. Concentrations of PFAS in owl eggs (e.g., 21 ng/g ww PFOS) highlight the likely pivotal role of maternal transfer in contaminant exposure for avian embryos. These concentrations are also of concern considering that certain predators frequently consume owl eggs, potentially leading to additional biomagnification of PFAS with yet undetermined consequences for ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE- 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE- 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sardo M, Chiarelli DD, Ceragioli F, Rulli MC. Optimized crop distributions in Egypt increase crop productivity and nutritional standards, reducing the irrigation water requirement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175202. [PMID: 39122044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Feeding a growing population with healthy food while preserving the natural ecosystem's resources is a critical challenge of our century. In Egypt, the increasing demand for food commodities and the intensive consumption of freshwater resources by the agricultural sector is hindering the food system capability to achieve sustainable food and nutrition security. The Egyptian government has recently prioritized the improvement of dietary supply through the efficient use of the locally available natural resources. However, strategies to transform the Egyptian agri-food system towards the sustainable satisfaction of healthy dietary needs have not been yet studied. Here, a novel approach has been introduced, able to combine the environmental advantages of an optimized crop allocation with the benefits of providing a healthy diet. First, a physically based agro-hydrological model is used to assess the crop water needs associated with the current cropland and diet (baseline). Subsequently, a linear optimization crop allocation algorithm is designed to replace crops in order to maximize green water productivity, while meeting the dietary requirements of the EAT-Lancet diet. Our results show that through an optimized crop allocation entailing the production of healthy and varied food, it is possible to reach an average 95 % satisfaction of the demand for healthy food items by local agricultural products, with an 8 % reduction in local freshwater consumption and a 90 % increase in crop profitability. Our study suggests the prioritization of the promotion of the dietary guidelines by the EAT-Lancet Commission at the national level in Egypt, to support human health against malnutrition and the development of a more sustainable and efficient food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sardo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.
| | - Davide Danilo Chiarelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.
| | - Federica Ceragioli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Rulli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan I-20133, Italy.
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Yang F, Zheng X, Wang D, Yao E, Li Y, Huang W, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhong J. Significant diurnal variations in nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions from two contrasting habitats in a large eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu, China). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119691. [PMID: 39074775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Algae and macrophytes in lake ecosystems regulate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from eutrophic lakes. However, knowledge of diurnal N2O emission patterns from different habitats remains limited. To understand the diurnal patterns and driving mechanisms of N2O emissions from contrasting habitats, continuous in situ observations (72 h) of N2O fluxes from an algae-dominated zone (ADZ) and reed-dominated zone (RDZ) in Lake Taihu were conducted using the Floating Chamber method. The results showed average N2O emission fluxes of 0.15 ± 0.06 and 0.02 ± 0.04 μmol m-2 h-1 in the ADZ and RDZ in autumn, respectively. The significantly higher (p < 0.05) N2O fluxes in the ADZ were mainly attributed to differences in nitrogen (N) levels. The results also showed significant diurnal differences (p < 0.05) in the N2O emission fluxes within the ADZ and RDZ, and daytime fluxes were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than nighttime fluxes. The statistical results indicated that N2O emissions from the ADZ were mainly driven by diurnal variations in N loading and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and those from the RDZ were more influenced by DO, redox potential, and pH. Finally, we determined the proper time for routine monitoring of N2O flux in the two habitats. Our results highlight the importance of considering diverse habitats and diurnal variations when estimating N2O budgets at a whole-lake scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; School of Geographical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Enqin Yao
- Huzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhejiang Province, Huzhou, 313000, PR China
| | - Yunchuang Li
- China Construction First Group Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100161, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Jicheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
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Foreman AD, Duprey NN, Yuval M, Dumestre M, Leichliter JN, Rohr MC, Dodwell RCA, Dodwell GAS, Clua EEG, Treibitz T, Martínez-García A. Severe cold-water bleaching of a deep-water reef underscores future challenges for Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175210. [PMID: 39098414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Elevated sea surface temperatures are causing an increase in coral bleaching events worldwide, and represent an existential threat to coral reefs. Early studies of Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) highlighted their potential as thermal refuges for shallow-water coral species in the face of predicted 21st century warming. However, recent genetic evidence implies that limited ecological connectivity between shallow- and deep-water coral communities inhibits their effectiveness as refugia; instead MCEs host distinct endemic communities that are ecologically significant in and of themselves. In either scenario, understanding the response of MCEs to climate change is critical given their ecological significance and widespread global distribution. Such an understanding has so far eluded the community, however, because of the challenges associated with long-term field monitoring, the stochastic nature of climatic events that drive bleaching, and the paucity of deep-water observations. Here we document the first observed cold-water bleaching of a mesophotic coral reef at Clipperton Atoll, a remote Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) atoll with high coral cover and a well-developed MCE. The severe bleaching (>70 % partially or fully bleached coral cover at 32 m depth) was driven by an anomalously shallow thermocline, and highlights a significant and previously unreported challenge for MCEs. Prompted by these observations, we compiled published cold-water bleaching events for the ETP, and demonstrate that the timing of past cold-water bleaching events in the ETP coincides with decadal oscillations in mean zonal wind strength and thermocline depth. The latter observation suggests any future intensification of easterly winds in the Pacific could be a significant concern for its MCEs. Our observations, in combination with recent reports of warm-water bleaching of Red Sea and Indian Ocean MCEs, highlight that 21st century MCEs in the Eastern Pacific face a two-pronged challenge: warm-water bleaching from above, and cold-water bleaching from below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Foreman
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nicolas N Duprey
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matan Yuval
- Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat, Eilat 8810302, Israel
| | - Marielle Dumestre
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer N Leichliter
- Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark C Rohr
- The Rohr Foundation, 6506 Northaven Road, Dallas, TX 75230, United States
| | - Rose C A Dodwell
- The Rohr Foundation, 6506 Northaven Road, Dallas, TX 75230, United States
| | - Guy A S Dodwell
- The Rohr Foundation, 6506 Northaven Road, Dallas, TX 75230, United States
| | - Eric E G Clua
- PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE) UAR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, BP 1013, Moorea 98729, French Polynesia; Labex CORAIL, CRIOBE UAR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Université de Perpignan, 66000 Perpignan, France
| | - Tali Treibitz
- Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Dujon AM, Boutry J, Tissot S, Meliani J, Miltiadous A, Tokolyi J, Ujvari B, Thomas F. The widespread vulnerability of Hydra oligactis to tumourigenesis confirms its value as a model for studying the effects of tumoural processes on the ecology and evolution of species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175785. [PMID: 39187082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Tumoural processes, ubiquitous phenomena in multicellular organisms, influence evolutionary trajectories of all species. To gain a holistic understanding of their impact on species' biology, suitable laboratory models are required. Such models are characterised by a widespread availability, ease of cultivation, and reproducible tumour induction. It is especially important to explore, through experimental approaches, how tumoural processes alter ecosystem functioning. The cnidarian Hydra oligactis is currently emerging as a promising model due to its development of both transmissible and non-transmissible tumours and the wide breadth of experiments that can be conducted with this species (at the individual, population, mechanistic, and evolutionary levels). However, tumoural hydras are, so far, only documented in Europe, and it is not clear if the phenomenon is local or widespread. In this study we demonstrate that Australian hydras from two independent river networks develop tumours in the laboratory consisting of interstitial stem cells and display phenotypic alterations (supernumerary tentacles) akin to European counterparts. This finding confirms the value of this model for ecological and evolutionary research on host-tumour interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M Dujon
- Deakin University, Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia; CREEC/(CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Justine Boutry
- CREEC/(CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/(CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jordan Meliani
- CREEC/(CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Miltiadous
- Deakin University, Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia
| | - Jácint Tokolyi
- MTA-DE "Momentum" Ecology, Evolution and Developmental Biology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Deakin University, Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia; CREEC/(CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/(CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Lisi F, Amichot M, Desneux N, Gatti JL, Guedes RNC, Nazzi F, Pennacchio F, Russo A, Sánchez-Bayo F, Wang X, Zappalà L, Biondi A. Pesticide immunotoxicity on insects - Are agroecosystems at risk? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175467. [PMID: 39155008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed heightened scrutiny of the non-target sublethal effects of pesticides on behavioural and physiological traits of insects. Traditionally, attention has focused on investigating pesticides' primary modes of action, often overlooking the potential secondary mechanisms. This review brings forth the nuanced impacts of sublethal pesticide exposure on the immune system of target and non-target insect species. Pesticides, such as for example neonicotinoids, suppress immune response, while others, like certain organophosphates and some insect growth regulators (IGRs), appear to bolster immunocompetence under certain circumstances. Beyond their individual impacts, the synergic effects of pesticide mixtures on insect immunity are garnering increasing interest. This review thus summarizes recent advances in the immunomodulatory effects of pesticides, detailing both mechanisms and consequences of such interactions. The implications of these effects for ecosystem preservation and viability of beneficial organisms, such as pollinators and natural enemies of pests, are discussed. The review also considers further research directions on pesticide secondary modes of action and explores potential implications for integrated pest management (IPM) programs, as several model organisms studied are crop pest species. While current data provide an expansive overview of how insect innate immunity is modulated, concrete endpoints remain elusive requiring further research into pesticide secondary modes of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Lisi
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marcel Amichot
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gatti
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Francesco Nazzi
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- University of Naples, Department of Entomology and Zoology, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Agatino Russo
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Xingeng Wang
- USDA ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lucia Zappalà
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- University of Catania, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Das SP, Krishnan R, Sunil M, Majhi A, Yakshita, Nan FH, Srivastava A. Low depth sequencing reveals the critically endangered Batagur kachuga (Red-crowned roofed turtle) mitochondrial genome and its evolutionary implications. Gene 2024; 927:148671. [PMID: 38866260 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The Batagur kachuga (B. kachuga), commonly known as the Red-crowned roofed turtle, is a critically endangered species native to India and its neighboring countries like Bangladesh, and Nepal. The present study is the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome of B. kachuga (16,517 bp) construed via the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach from eggshell DNA. There are 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and one putative control region (CR/D-loop) in the mitogenome. The CR region from the current study reveals conserved TAS, CD, and CSB domains and two AT-rich tandem repeat regions. Most genes are encoded in the heavy strand except the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) gene and seven tRNA genes. Most PCGs start with the initiation codon ATG, except the COI (Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit-I) gene, which starts with the GTG codon. The present investigation also predicts the distinctive cloverleaf structures of tRNAs except for tRNA-Ser1 and tRNA-Ser-2, which lack a DHU arm. The comparative analysis of Ka/Ks with other 33 species from Order Testudines, in relation to B. kachuga, revealed negative selection in most PCGs, indicating a process of preservation and purification that aids in eliminating undesirable or detrimental substitutes. Phylogenetic analysis of this species has been analysed using the complete mitogenome of 33 turtle species. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree strongly supports each family in different clades and also reveals a close relationship between the Pangashura and Batagur genera. Our study suggests the generation of genome-wide molecular data, in terms of mitogenomes, SNPs, and SSRs, is needed to improve the understanding of this species and their phylogenetics and evolutionary relationships, which will help to improve the conservation efforts of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Priyadarsani Das
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Amity Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, India.
| | - Rama Krishnan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Sunil
- Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashutosh Majhi
- Amity Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, India
| | - Yakshita
- Amity Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, India
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ashutosh Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, India; Siddhart University, Kapilvastu, Siddhart Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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71
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Li Q, Yu H, Li Q. Dual sgRNA-directed tyrosinases knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) reveals their roles in early shell calcification. Gene 2024; 927:148748. [PMID: 38969245 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Biomineralization processes in bivalves, particularly the initial production of molecular components (such as matrix deposition and calcification) in the early stages of shell development are highly complex and well-organized. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of organic matrix and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposition in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) across various development stages. The shell-field initiated matrix secretion during the gastrula stage. Subsequent larval development triggered central shell-field calcification, accompanied by expansion of the calcium ring from its interior to the periphery. Notably, the expression patterns of CgTyrp-2 and CgTyr closely correlated with matrix deposition and calcification during early developmental stages, with peak expression occurring in oyster's gastrula and D-veliger stages. Subsequently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was utilized to knock out CgTyrp-2 and CgTyr with more distinct phenotypic alterations observed when both genes were concurrently knocked out. The relative gene expression was analyzed post-knockout, indicating that the knockout of CgTyr or CgTyrp-2 led to reduced expression of CgChs1, along with increased expression of CgChit4. Furthermore, when dual-sgRNAs were employed to knockout CgTyrp-2, a large deletion (2 kb) within the CgTyrp-2 gene was identified. In summary, early shell formation in C. gigas is the result of a complex interplay of multiple molecular components with CgTyrp-2 and CgTyr playing key roles in regulating CaCO3 deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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72
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Pir R, Sulukan E, Şenol O, Atakay M, Baran A, Kankaynar M, Yıldız E, Salih B, Ceyhun SB. Co-exposure effect of different colour of LED lights and increasing temperature on zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio): Immunohistochemical, metabolomics, molecular and behaviour approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175468. [PMID: 39147052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Although there are studies in the literature on the effects of different coloured light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on different organisms, there is limited information on how these effects change with temperature increase. In this study, the effects of blue, green, red and white LED lights on the early development process of zebrafish (Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)) were comprehensively investigated. In addition, to simulate global warming, it was examined how a one-degree temperature increase affects this process. For this purpose, zebrafish embryos, which were placed at 4 hpf (hours post fertilization) in an incubator whose interior was divided into four areas, were kept at three different temperatures (28, 29 and 30 °C) for 120 h. The group kept in a dark environment was chosen as the control. The temperature of the control group was also increased at the same rate as the other groups. The results showed that at the end of the exposure period, temperature and light colour caused an increase in body malformations. Histopathological damage and immunopositive signals of HSP 70 and 8-OHdG biomarkers in larval brains, increase in free oxygen radicals, apoptotic cells and lipid accumulation throughout the body, increase in locomotor activity, decrease in heart rate and blood flow, and significant changes in more than thirty metabolite levels were detected. In addition, it has been determined that many metabolic pathways are affected, especially glutathione, vitamin B6 and pyrimidine metabolism. Moreover, it has been observed that a one-degree temperature increase worsens this negative effect. It was concluded that blue light was the closest light to the control group and was less harmful than other light colours. The study revealed that blue light produced results that were most similar to those seen in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Pir
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Ekrem Sulukan
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye; Basic Science Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Atakay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Alper Baran
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Meryem Kankaynar
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Emriye Yıldız
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Saltuk Buğrahan Ceyhun
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; Aquaculture Department, Fisheries Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Türkiye.
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Jain K, Panigrahi M, Nayak SS, Rajawat D, Sharma A, Sahoo SP, Bhushan B, Dutt T. The evolution of contemporary livestock species: Insights from mitochondrial genome. Gene 2024; 927:148728. [PMID: 38944163 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The domestication of animals marks a pivotal moment in human history, profoundly influencing our demographic and cultural progress. This process has led to significant genetic, behavioral, and physical changes in livestock species compared to their wild ancestors. Understanding the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of livestock species is crucial, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has emerged as a robust marker for investigating molecular diversity in animals. Its highly conserved gene content across animal species, minimal duplications, absence of introns, and short intergenic regions make mtDNA analysis ideal for such studies. Mitochondrial DNA analysis has uncovered distinct cattle domestication events dating back to 8000 years BC in Southwestern Asia. The sequencing of water buffalo mtDNA in 2004 provided important insights into their domestication history. Caprine mtDNA analysis identified three haplogroups, indicating varied maternal origins. Sheep, domesticated 12,000 years ago, exhibit diverse mtDNA lineages, suggesting multiple domestication events. Ovine mtDNA studies revealed clades A, B, C, and a fourth lineage, group D. The origins of domestic pigs were traced to separate European and Asian events followed by interbreeding. In camels, mtDNA elucidated the phylogeographic structure and genetic differentiation between wild and domesticated species. Horses, domesticated around 3500 BC, show significant mtDNA variability, highlighting their diverse origins. Yaks exhibit unique adaptations for high-altitude environments, with mtDNA analysis providing insights into their adaptation. Chicken mtDNA studies supported a monophyletic origin from Southeast Asia's red jungle fowl, with evidence of multiple origins. This review explores livestock evolution and diversity through mtDNA studies, focusing on cattle, water buffalo, goat, sheep, pig, camel, horse, yak and chicken. It highlights mtDNA's significance in unraveling maternal lineages, genetic diversity, and domestication histories, concluding with insights into its potential application in improving livestock production and reproduction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Jain
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
| | - Sonali Sonejita Nayak
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Divya Rajawat
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Anurodh Sharma
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
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74
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Liu Z, Guo S, Wang T, Yan W, Baoyin T, Fry E. Phase-dependent grassland temporal stability is mediated by species and functional group asynchrony: A long-term mowing experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175445. [PMID: 39134279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The temporal stability of grasslands plays a key role in the stable provisioning of multiple ecosystem goods and services for humankind. Despite recent progress, our knowledge on how long-term mowing influences ecosystem stability remains unclear. Using a dataset from an 18-year-long mowing experiment with different treatment intensities (no-mowing, mowing once per year, and mowing twice per year) in grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China, we aimed to determine whether and how long-term mowing influenced grassland temporal stability in a temperate steppe. We found mowing decreased ecosystem stability in the early and intermediate periods (1-12 years of treatment), but increased stability in the later period (13-18 years of treatment), indicating responses of ecosystem stability to long-term mowing were phase dependent. Bivariate correlation and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the degree of asynchrony both at the species and functional group levels, as well as dominant species stability, played key roles in stabilizing the whole community. In addition, portfolio effects rather than diversity made significant contributions to ecosystem stability. Our results suggest the phase-dependent temporal stability of grassland under long-term mowing is mainly mediated by species and functional group asynchrony. This finding provides a new insight for understanding how dryland grassland responds to long-term anthropogenic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shuying Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wenbin Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Taogetao Baoyin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Ellen Fry
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Lancashire L39 4QP, United Kingdom
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Jakovljević M, Đuretanović S, Kojadinović N, Nikolić M, Petrović A, Simović P, Simić V. Assessing spirlin Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) as an early indicator of climate change and anthropogenic stressors using ecological modeling and machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175723. [PMID: 39181248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Combining single-species ecological modeling with advanced machine learning to investigate the long-term population dynamics of the rheophilic fish spirlin offers a powerful approach to understanding environmental changes and climate shifts in aquatic ecosystems. A new ESHIPPOClim model was developed by integrating climate change assessment into the ESHIPPO model. The model identifies spirlin as a potential early indicator of environmental changes, highlighting the interactive effects of climate change and anthropogenic stressors on fish populations and freshwater ecosystems. The ESHIPPOClim model reveals that 28.57 % of the spirlin's data indicates high resilience and ecological responsiveness, with 34.92 % showing medium-high adaptability, suggesting its substantial ability to withstand environmental stressors. With 36.51 % of the data in medium level and no data in the low category, spirlin may serve as a sentinel species, providing early warnings of environmental stressors before they severely impact other species or ecosystems. The results of uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and a decision tree show that pollution has the highest impact on the population dynamics of spirlin, followed by annual water temperature, overexploitation, and invasive species. Despite the obtained key drivers, higher abundance, dominance, and frequency values were detected in habitats with higher HIPPO stressors and climate change effects. Integrating state-of-the-art machine learning models has enhanced the predictive power of the ESHIPPOClim model, achieving approximately 90 % accuracy in identifying spirlin as an early indicator of climate change and anthropogenic stressors. The ESHIPPOClim model offers a holistic approach with broad practical applications using a simplified three-point scale, adaptable to various fish species, communities, and regions. The ecological modeling supported with advanced machine learning could serve as a foundation for rapid and cost-effective management of aquatic ecosystems, revealing the adaptability potential of fish species, which is crucial in rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Jakovljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Simona Đuretanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nataša Kojadinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Nikolić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana Petrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Predrag Simović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladica Simić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
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76
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Willis Chan DS, Rondeau S. Understanding and comparing relative pesticide risk among North American wild bees from their association with agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175378. [PMID: 39122043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In North America, approximately 21 % (739 species) of the total wild bee diversity is known to be associated with crops, with bee species varying in the extent of this association. While current evaluations of pesticide effects on bees primarily focus on a limited subset of species, a new focus is needed to ensure comprehensive protection of all wild bees in agricultural contexts. This study introduces a novel approach to characterize and compare the relative potential pesticide risk for wild bee species of their association with crops. Using intrinsic bee vulnerability traits and extrinsic factors like crop toxic loads and association strength, we calculated Bee-Crop Risk Scores for 594 wild bee species, identifying those experiencing the highest potential risk from pesticide exposure in North American agroecosystems. We discuss the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the relative potential risk calculated and outline avenues for refining our approach. As most species facing the highest potential risk from pesticide exposure across North America are ground-nesters, our study suggests that species (e.g., Osmia spp., Megachile spp.) commonly proposed as models for pesticide risk assessments may not accurately represent risk for those bee species facing the highest potential risk in agricultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Susan Willis Chan
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sabrina Rondeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Gröger M, Börgel F, Karsten S, Meier HEM, Safonova K, Dutheil C, Receveur A, Polte P. Future climate change and marine heatwaves - Projected impact on key habitats for herring reproduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175756. [PMID: 39182788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of global climate targets on sea surface temperatures and marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Baltic Sea. We further evaluate potential adverse climate effects on the reproductive success of the western Baltic Sea (WBS) herring stock, which underwent a dramatic decline during the past two decades. For this, we use refined ensemble climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. For the WBS herring spawning ground, the number of MHW days nearly triples from 34 days/year in the historical period, to 102 days/year already under the optimistic 1.5 °C target of global climate warming (Paris, 2015) and further increases at a rate of 36 to 48 [days yr-1]/0.5 °C beyond the 1.5 °C target. The average MHW surface extent more than doubles in the 1.5 °C target from ~8 % to 21 % in this area. This study finds the phenological winter climate considerably altered in response to future global warming and more frequent MHW days in the WBS. The winter duration reduces by ~25 % already in the 2.0 °C target but by ~60 % in the 4.0 °C target compared to the historical climate. Winter inceptions/terminations occur successively later/earlier and the share of missed winters, i.e. winters unsuitable to support herring reproductive success, increases by up to ~70 %. Days with heat stress on the cardiac function of herring larvae will likewise increase and occur earlier in the year. Consequently, the early life cycle of herring will face more often winter conditions that were unprecedented during the historical past, and the risk for future reproductive failure will increase. However, our results reveal that abiotic disturbances for the marine ecosystem can be partly mitigated if global warming remains compliant with the 1.5 °C target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gröger
- Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 181 19 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Florian Börgel
- Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 181 19 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Karsten
- Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 181 19 Rostock, Germany
| | - H E Markus Meier
- Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 181 19 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kseniia Safonova
- Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, 181 19 Rostock, Germany
| | - Cyril Dutheil
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Receveur
- FRB-CESAB, 5 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Polte
- Thuenen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Alter Hafen Süd 2, 180 69 Rostock, Germany
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Krivopalova A, Mikula P, Cukor J, Ševčík R, Brynychová K, Šálek M. Adaptation of farmland mammalian specialist to urban life: Escape behavior of European hare along the urban-rural gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175779. [PMID: 39191323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The European hare Lepus europaeus is an iconic but rapidly declining farmland specialist with recently confirmed populations in urban areas. However, their behavioral responses and adaptability to urbanization and life in human-dominated areas are fully unexplored. Here, using infrared cameras, we explored escape behavior (measured as the flight initiation distance) using 965 hare observations in urban and farmland areas in the Czech Republic and Austria (Central Europe) and its association with habitat type, distance to the city center, patch size, season, hare age and initial behavior. We found that European hares adjusted their escape behavior to habitat type and escaped significantly earlier in farmland (rural) habitats than in urban habitats. However, escape distances of hares did not differ between farmland types with different degree of habitat heterogeneity. We also revealed that urban hares escaped earlier when located further from the city center or in a larger study patch. Moreover, adult hares escaped earlier than subadults and foraging individuals escaped earlier than resting hares but both only in rural areas. Our results support high behavioral adaptability of European hares to human-dominated urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Krivopalova
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, 25202 Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mikula
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Cukor
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, 25202 Jíloviště, Czech Republic.
| | - Richard Ševčík
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, 25202 Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Brynychová
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, 25202 Jíloviště, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šálek
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, 25202 Jíloviště, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
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79
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Ray T, Fichtner A, Kunz M, Proß T, Bradler PM, Bruelheide H, Georgi L, Haider S, Hildebrand M, Potvin C, Schnabel F, Trogisch S, von Oheimb G. Diversity-enhanced canopy space occupation and leaf functional diversity jointly promote overyielding in tropical tree communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175438. [PMID: 39134282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that drive biodiversity-productivity relationships is critical for guiding forest restoration. Although complementarity among trees in the canopy space has been suggested as a key mechanism for greater productivity in mixed-species tree communities, empirical evidence remains limited. Here, we used data from a tropical tree diversity experiment to disentangle the effects of tree species richness and community functional characteristics (community-weighted mean and functional diversity of leaf traits) on canopy space filling, and how these effects are related to overyielding. We found that canopy space filling was largely explained by species identity effects rather than tree diversity effects. Communities with a high abundance of species with a conservative resource-use strategy were those with most densely packed canopies. Across monocultures and mixtures, a higher canopy space filling translated into an enhanced wood productivity. Importantly, most communities (83 %) produced more wood volume than the average of their constituent species in monoculture (i.e. most communities overyielded). Our results show that overyielding increased with leaf functional diversity and positive net biodiversity effects on canopy space filling, which mainly arose due to a high taxonomic diversity. These findings suggest that both taxonomic diversity-enhanced canopy space filling and canopy leaf diversity are important drivers for overyielding in mixed-species forests. Consequently, restoration initiatives should promote stands with functionally diverse canopies by selecting tree species with large interspecific differences in leaf nutrition, as well as leaf and branch morphology to optimize carbon capture in young forest stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tama Ray
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kunz
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Proß
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pia M Bradler
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Louis Georgi
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Potvin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Panama
| | - Florian Schnabel
- Chair of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Trogisch
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
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80
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Nester GM, Suter L, Kitchener JA, Bunce M, Polanowski AM, Wasserman J, Deagle B. Long-distance Southern Ocean environmental DNA (eDNA) transect provides insights into spatial marine biota and invasion pathways for non-native species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175657. [PMID: 39173769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica harbours some of the most pristine marine environments remaining, but is increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures, climate change, and invasion by non-native species. Monitoring biotic responses to cumulative impacts requires temporal and spatial baselines and ongoing monitoring - traditionally, this has been obtained by continuous plankton recorder (CPR) surveys. Here, we conduct one of the longest environmental DNA (eDNA) transects yet, spanning over 3000 nautical miles from Hobart (Australia) to Davis Station (Antarctica). We evaluate eDNA sampling strategies for long-term open ocean biomonitoring by comparing two water volume and filter pore size combinations: large (12 l with 20 μm) and small (2 l with 0.45 μm). Employing a broad COI metabarcoding assay, we found the large sample/pore combination was better suited to open ocean monitoring, detecting more target DNA and rare or low abundance species. Comparisons with four simultaneously conducted CPR transects revealed that eDNA detections were more diverse than CPR, with 7 (4 unique) and 4 (1 unique) phyla detections respectively. While both methods effectively delineated biodiversity patterns across the Southern Ocean, eDNA enables surveys in the presence of sea-ice where CPR cannot be conducted. Accordingly, 16 species of concern were detected along the transect using eDNA, notably in the Antarctic region (south of 60°S). These were largely attributed to hull biofouling, a recognized pathway for marine introductions into Antarctica. Given the vulnerability of Antarctic environments to potential introductions in a warming Southern Ocean, this work underscores the importance of continued biosecurity vigilance. We advocate integrating eDNA metabarcoding with long-term CPR surveys in the Southern Ocean, emphasising the urgency of its implementation. We anticipate temporal and spatial interweaving of CPR, eDNA, and biophysical data will generate a more nuanced picture of Southern Ocean ecosystems, with significant implications for the conservation and preservation of Antarctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Nester
- TrEnD Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Leonie Suter
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - John A Kitchener
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Michael Bunce
- TrEnD Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Conservation, New Zealand
| | - Andrea M Polanowski
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Johan Wasserman
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Bruce Deagle
- Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Tasmania, Battery Point, Australia.
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81
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Reynolds SD, Franklin CE, Norman BM, Richardson AJ, Everett JD, Schoeman DS, White CR, Lawson CL, Pierce SJ, Rohner CA, Bach SS, Comezzi FG, Diamant S, Jaidah MY, Robinson DP, Dwyer RG. Effects of climate warming on energetics and habitat of the world's largest marine ectotherm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175832. [PMID: 39197762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Responses of organisms to climate warming are variable and complex. Effects on species distributions are already evident and mean global surface ocean temperatures are likely to warm by up to 4.1 °C by 2100, substantially impacting the physiology and distributions of ectotherms. The largest marine ectotherm, the whale shark Rhincodon typus, broadly prefers sea surface temperatures (SST) ranging from 23 to 30 °C. Whole-species distribution models have projected a poleward range shift under future scenarios of climate change, but these models do not consider intraspecific variation or phenotypic plasticity in thermal limits when modelling species responses, and the impact of climate warming on the energetic requirements of whale sharks is unknown. Using a dataset of 111 whale shark movement tracks from aggregation sites in five countries across the Indian Ocean and the latest Earth-system modelling produced from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we examined how SST and total zooplankton biomass, their main food source, may change in the future, and what this means for the energetic balance and extent of suitable habitat for whale sharks. Earth System Models, under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs; SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5), project that by 2100 mean SST in four regions where whale shark aggregations are found will increase by up to 4.9 °C relative to the present, while zooplankton biomass will decrease. This reduction in zooplankton is projected to be accompanied by an increase in the energetic requirements of whale sharks because warmer water temperatures will increase their metabolic rate. We found marked differences in projected changes in the extent of suitable habitat when comparing a whole-species distribution model to one including regional variation. This suggests that the conventional approach of combining data from different regions within a species' distribution could underestimate the amount of local adaptation in populations, although parameterising local models could also suffer from having insufficient data and lead to model mis-specification or highly uncertain estimates. Our study highlights the need for further research into whale shark thermal tolerances and energetics, the complexities involved in projecting species responses to climate change, and the potential importance of considering intraspecific variation when building species distribution models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Reynolds
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ECOCEAN Inc., 162/3 Powell Rd, Coogee, WA, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bradley M Norman
- ECOCEAN Inc., 162/3 Powell Rd, Coogee, WA, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony J Richardson
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jason D Everett
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, AUSTRALIA; Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Schoeman
- Ocean Futures Research Cluster, School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Craig R White
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher L Lawson
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon J Pierce
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm Beach, FL, USA; School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Steffen S Bach
- Ramboll, Copenhagen, Denmark; Qatar Whale Shark Research Project, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco G Comezzi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Marine Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stella Diamant
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm Beach, FL, USA; Madagascar Whale Shark Project, Nosy Be, Madagascar
| | | | - David P Robinson
- Qatar Whale Shark Research Project, Doha, Qatar; Sundive Research, Byron Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross G Dwyer
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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82
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Schaffner U, Heimpel GE, Mills NJ, Muriithi BW, Thomas MB, Gc YD, Wyckhuys KAG. Biological control for One Health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175800. [PMID: 39197787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Biological control has been effectively exploited by mankind since 300 CE. By promoting the natural regulation of pests, weeds, and diseases, it produces societal benefits at the food-environment-health nexus. Here we scrutinize biological control endeavours and their social-ecological outcomes through a holistic 'One-Health' lens, recognizing that the health of humans, animals, plants, and the wider environment are linked and interdependent. Evidence shows that biological control generates desirable outcomes within all One Health dimensions, mitigating global change issues such as chemical pollution, biocide resistance, biodiversity loss, and habitat destruction. Yet, its cross-disciplinary achievements remain underappreciated. To remedy this, we advocate a systems-level, integrated approach to biological control research, policy, and practice. Framing biological control in a One Health context helps to unite medical and veterinary personnel, ecologists, conservationists and agricultural professionals in a joint quest for solutions to some of the most pressing issues in planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George E Heimpel
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas J Mills
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Beatrice W Muriithi
- Social Science and Impact Assessment Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Duduville Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthew B Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK; Entomology & Nematology Department, and Invasion Science Research Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yubak D Gc
- United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Chrysalis Consulting, Danang, Viet Nam; Institute for Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia; United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy
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83
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Reijers VC, van Rees F, van der Heide T, Oost AP, Ruessink G, Koffijberg K, Camphuysen KCJ, Penning E, Hijner N, Govers LL. Birds influence vegetation coverage and structure on sandy biogeomorphic islands in the Dutch Wadden Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175254. [PMID: 39111441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Small uninhabited islands form important roosting and breeding habitats for many coastal birds. Previous studies have demonstrated that guano can promote ecosystem productivity and functionality on island ecosystems. Here, we assess the role of external nutrient input by coastal birds on the vegetation structure and coverage on sandy biogeomorphic islands, where island-forming processes depend on vegetation-sedimentation feedbacks. As a first step, we investigated whether breeding birds affect vegetation productivity on sandy back-barrier islands in the Wadden Sea. Using a combination of bird observations and plant stable isotope (δ15N) analyses, we demonstrate that (i) breeding birds transport large quantities of nutrients via their faecal outputs to these islands annually and that (ii) this external nitrogen source influences vegetation development on these sandy, nutrient-limited, islands. Based on these results we discuss how this avian nutrient pump could impact island development and habitat suitability for coastal birds and discuss future directions for research. In general, we conclude that avian subsidies have the potential to affect both the ecological and biogeomorphic functioning of coastal soft-sediment systems. However, the strength and scale of especially these biogeomorphic interactions are not fully understood. For the conservation of both threatened coastal birds and sandy back-barrier islands and the design of appropriate management strategies, we argue that three-way interactions between birds, vegetation and sandy island morphodynamics need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C Reijers
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Floris van Rees
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert P Oost
- Staatsbosbeheer, P.O. Box 2, 3800 AA Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ruessink
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Koffijberg
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, PO Box 6521, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kees C J Camphuysen
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Penning
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science & Engineering and Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Zaailand 110, 8911 BN Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Hijner
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura L Govers
- Department Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands
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84
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Neira P, Morales M, Munné-Bosch S, Blanco-Moreno JM, Sans FX. Landscape crop diversity contributes to higher pollination effectiveness and positively affects rapeseed quality in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175062. [PMID: 39098422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Pollination is crucial for biodiversity and food security. Heterogeneous agricultural landscapes have a positive effect on pollinator abundance and enhance crop production and quality. In this study, we explored the effects of three landscape features (past crop diversity measured as the Equivalent Richness of crop functional Groups in the previous year [ERGp], semi-natural habitat percentage [SNH], and mean field size [MFS]) and pollinator densities (wild bees [WB] and honey bees [HB]) on pollination and seed quantity and quality in rapeseed crops. Surveying the pollinator density in 20 rapeseed fields revealed a positive relationship with ERGp in the landscape. A pollinator exclusion experiment compared bagged and open-pollinated self-compatible rapeseed plants and revealed insect pollination effectiveness (fruits per flower and number of seeds per pod) and seed quality (oil content). Seed parameters were evaluated in relation to pollinator density (WB-HB) and landscape characteristics. The ERGp emerged as a crucial landscape feature that positively impacted WB density. When insect pollinators were excluded, plants exhibited reduced pollination effectiveness and seed quality. Analysis of open-pollinated plants highlighted ERGp as the most influential variable, positively affecting both sets of parameters. The MFS and SNH showed different but important relationships. Total tocopherol and α-tocopherol were positively correlated with pollinator density in HB, whereas WB showed a positive correlation with γ-tocopherol levels. Increased ERGp positively affected pollinator density and pollination effectiveness, thereby improving oilseed rape production quantity and quality. This study provides new insights into agroecosystem management and pollinator-friendly practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neira
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Morales
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Blanco-Moreno
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F X Sans
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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85
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Mao X, Zhao H, Kattel G, Jiang G, Ji Y, Liu T, Yang J, Liu Z, Wang C, Zhao H, Liu L, Dong Q. Both nutrients and macrophytes regulate organic carbon burial: Insights from high-resolution spatiotemporal records of a large shallow lake (Baiyangdian) in eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175239. [PMID: 39111439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Both ecological regime shifts and carbon cycling in lakes have been the subject of global debates in recent years. However, the direct linkage between them is poorly understood. Lake Baiyangdian, a representative large shallow lake with the coexistence of a macrophyte-dominated area (MDA) and an algae-dominated area (ADA) in eastern China, allowing better understanding of the relationship between regime shifts and organic carbon (OC) burial in lakes. On the basis of Bayesian isotopic mixing modelling of C/N ratios and δ13C values, the sediment OC is primarily of autochthonous origin. The mean OC burial rate (OCBR) was 39 g C m-2 yr-1 before eutrophication occurred in 1990 and increased approximately 2.7-fold to 106 g C m-2 yr-1 after eutrophication. Partial least squares path modelling revealed that this change can be largely attributed to enhanced primary productivity and rapid burial as a result of intensified human perturbation. In terms of spatial patterns, the OCBR was greater in the MDA than in the ADA, which may be related to the different burial and mineralization processes of debris from macrophytes and algae. It then deduced that a decrease in the OCBR and an increase in the mineralization rate might have occurred after a shift from a macrophyte-dominated state to an algae-dominated state. Our findings highlight that eutrophication generally increases OC burial by enhancing lake primary productivity. However, once nutrient levels reach a critical range, lake ecosystems may shift from a macrophyte-dominated state to an algae-dominated state, which can lead to a significant reduction in the carbon burial capacity of lakes. Therefore, more attention should be given to avoiding shifts in eutrophic lakes, as such shifts can alter carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China.
| | - Giri Kattel
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Gaolei Jiang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Yunping Ji
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Taibei Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Jingsong Yang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Linjing Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Qiuyao Dong
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydrological-Environment Evolution, China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
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86
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Verrier E, Bretagnolle V, Aupinel P, Decourtye A, Henry M, Rebaudo F, Requier F. Semi-natural habitats mitigate the impact of food shortage on honey bees in farmlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175309. [PMID: 39111415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Landscape simplification and the loss of semi-natural habitats are identified as important drivers of insect pollinator decline in farmlands, by disrupting the availability of floral resources and facilitating the occurrence of food shortages. Food shortages can lead to accelerated behavioral maturation in honey bees, with potential consequences for colony survival. However, little is known about the magnitude of behavioral maturation mediated by to food shortage under real field conditions, and whether it could be mitigated by the presence of semi-natural habitats. Here, we monitored the lifespan (LSP), age at first exit (AFE), foraging tenure, and foraging intensity of 1035 honey bees along a landscape gradient of semi-natural habitats in farmlands. We found a clear acceleration of behavioral maturation of bees during the food shortage season, with precocity in AFE between 6 and 10 days earlier and reduced LSP by 5 to 9 days, with no effect on foraging tenure or foraging intensity. We also found that higher proportions of semi-natural habitats mitigated behavioral maturation of bees by up to 6 days. Beyond the direct effects on adult bees, we found no delayed effect of larval feeding status on adult life-history traits or foraging behavior. Nevertheless, our results strongly advocate the implementation of policies aimed at increasing the coverage of semi-natural environments (e.g., grasslands, forests, hedgerows) in intensive agricultural landscapes to support honey bee survival and pollinator conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Verrier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France; LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France; UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Pierrick Aupinel
- UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France; UE 1255 APIS 'Abeilles paysages interactions et systèmes de culture', INRAE, 17700 Surgères, France
| | - Axel Decourtye
- UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France; ITSAP-Institut de l'abeille, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Mickaël Henry
- UMT PrADE, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France; INRAE, UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - François Rebaudo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabrice Requier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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87
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Almeida J, Lima ARA, Faria AM, Lopes AR. Sand smelt larvae's resilience to hypoxia and implications for thermal tolerance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:174969. [PMID: 39117224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Deoxygenation is a growing threat to marine ecosystems, with an increase in the frequency, extent and intensity of hypoxia events in recent decades. These phenomena will pose various challenges to marine species, as it affects their survival, growth, body condition, metabolism and ability to handle other environmental stressors, such as temperature. Early life stages are particularly vulnerable to these changes. Thus, it is crucial to understand how these initial phases will respond to hypoxia to predict the impacts on marine populations and ecosystems. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen (O2) availability on fitness related traits (mortality, growth and body condition), metabolism (Routine metabolic rates [RMR]) and thermal tolerance (CTmax), in early stages of Atherina presbyter, exposed for two weeks, to two O2 levels: normoxia (6.5-7.2 mg L-1) and hypoxia (2-2.5 mg L-1), through an experiment setup. Our findings showed that while low oxygen levels did not negatively impact mortality, total length, weight, or body condition (Fulton K), the larvae undergo metabolic depression when exposed to hypoxia, as an energy conservation mechanism. Furthermore, CTmax suffered a significant reduction in low O2 availability, due to the inability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to fulfill energy demands. These outcomes suggest that although early life stages of Atherina presbyter can survive under low oxygen environments, they are less capable of dealing with sudden increases in temperature when oxygen is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Almeida
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André R A Lima
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Faria
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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88
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Kisdi E. Optimal vaccination strategies for imperfect vaccines and variable host susceptibility. J Theor Biol 2024; 594:111899. [PMID: 38977125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
I present a method to allocate a given number of vaccines to members of a population who differ in their susceptibility to the disease so that the final size of the epidemic is minimised. I consider an arbitrary distribution of protection that the vaccine confers, including the extreme cases of leaky and all-or-none vaccines. The optimal vaccination policy depends on the distribution of protection. While for low values of the basic reproduction number R0 the optimal policy prioritises the most susceptible hosts, I show that for almost any distribution the order of priority reverses and the least susceptible hosts should be vaccinated when R0 is high. The exception where this does not happen is the all-or-none vaccine. However, even a small deviation from the ideal all-or-none distribution can imply that the limited number of vaccines should be given to less susceptible hosts already at realistic values of R0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kisdi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, FIN-00014, Finland.
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89
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Watanabe Y, Sakai S. Simulation analyses of the evolution of intra-inflorescence flowering patterns assuming selection on anthesis interval among individual flowers. J Theor Biol 2024; 594:111930. [PMID: 39181390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
What conditions select flowering patterns within inflorescences, or variation in the anthesis interval within inflorescences among plants? Under what conditions are gradual blooming and simultaneous blooming, both traits related to floral display size, advantageous? We constructed a simulation model in which the opening times and longevities of individual flowers within inflorescences, the sizes of attractive structures of individual flowers, and the numbers of ovules and pollen grains produced by individual flowers evolve. Individual plants in the population compete for pollinators, and plants are selected by pollinators according to their floral display sizes and amounts of resources allocated to attractive structures. We found that, if the proportion of pollen on a pollinator deposited on a stigma was low, gradual blooming did not evolve even if inbreeding depression was greater than 0.5. This is because the amount of outcross-pollen on pollinators decreased at a low rate during flower visits within a single inflorescence, and the selfing rate was suppressed to a low level even if the floral display size was large. On the other hand, if the proportion of pollen deposition was high, gradual blooming evolved even if inbreeding depression was smaller than 0.5. This may be because gradual blooming can enhance pollen delivery to other plants by reducing the loss of self-pollen by geitonogamy. On the other hand, allocation ratios among floral organs (female and male organs and attractive structures) were independent of the degree of simultaneous and gradual blooming within inflorescences. We concluded that the evolution of gradual blooming is more strongly affected by the proportion of pollen on a pollinator deposited on a stigma than by inbreeding depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Watanabe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Satoki Sakai
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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90
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Marcou T, Revilla TA, Křivan V. Evolutionary emergence of plant and pollinator polymorphisms in consumer-resource mutualisms. J Theor Biol 2024; 594:111911. [PMID: 39069203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mutualism is considered a major driver of biodiversity, as it enables extensive codiversification in terrestrial communities. An important case is flowering plants and their pollinators, where convergent selection on plant and pollinator traits is combined with divergent selection to minimize niche overlap within each group. In this article, we study the emergence of polymorphisms in communities structured trophically: plants are the primary producers of resources required by the primary consumers, the servicing pollinators. We model natural selection on traits affecting mutualism between plants and pollinators and competition within these two trophic levels. We show that phenotypic diversification is favored by broad plant niches, suggesting that bottom-up trophic control leads to codiversification. Mutualistic generalism, i.e., tolerance to differences in plant and pollinator traits, promotes a cascade of evolutionary branching favored by bottom-up plant competition dependent on similarity and top-down mutualistic services that broaden plant niches. Our results predict a strong positive correlation between the diversity of plant and pollinator phenotypes, which previous work has partially attributed to the trophic dependence of pollinators on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marcou
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomás A Revilla
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vlastimil Křivan
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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91
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Guo D, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang C, Zhang DX, Liu F, Gao Z, Xu B, Wang N. The effect of lambda-cyhalothrin nanocapsules on the gut microbial communities and immune response of the bee elucidates the potential environmental impact of emerging nanopesticides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135650. [PMID: 39216249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Emerging nanopesticides are gradually gaining widespread application in agriculture due to their excellent properties, but their potential risks to pollinating insects are not fully understood. In this study, lambda-cyhalothrin nanocapsules (LC-NCs) were constructed by electrostatic self-assembly method with iron mineralization optimization, and their effects on bee gut microbial communities and host immune-related factors were investigated. Microbiome sequencing revealed that LC-NCs increase the diversity of gut microbial communities and reduce the complexity of network features, disrupting the overall structure of the microbial communities. In addition, LC-NCs also had systemic effects on the immune response of bees, including increased activity of SOD and CAT enzymes and expression of their genes, as well as downregulation of Defensin1. Furthermore, we noticed that the immune system of the host was activated simultaneously with a rise in the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Our research emphasizes the importance of both the host and gut microbiota of holobiont in revealing the potential risks of LC-NCs to environmental indicators of honey bees, and provides references for exploring the interactions between host-microbiota systems under exogenous stress. At the same time, we hope that more research can focus on the potential impacts of nanopesticides on the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezheng Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Da-Xia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Ningxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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92
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Osvath M, Johansson M. A short natural history of mental time travels: a journey still travelled? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230402. [PMID: 39278257 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tulving's introduction of episodic memory and the metaphor of mental time travel has immensely enriched our understanding of human cognition. However, his focus on human psychology, with limited consideration of evolutionary perspectives, led to the entrenched notion that mental time travel is uniquely human. We contend that adopting a phylogenetic perspective offers a deeper insight into cognition, revealing it as a continuous evolutionary process. Adherence to the uniqueness of pre-defined psychological concepts obstructs a more complete understanding. We offer a concise natural history to elucidate how events that occurred hundreds of millions of years ago have been pivotal for our ability to mentally time travel. We discuss how the human brain, utilizing parts with ancient origins in a networked manner, enables mental time travel. This underscores that episodic memories and mental time travel are not isolated mental constructs but integral to our perception and representation of the world. We conclude by examining recent evidence of neuroanatomical correlates found only in great apes, which show great variability, indicating the ongoing evolution of mental time travel in humans.This article is part of the theme issue 'Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research'.
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93
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Latham AJ, Miller K, Pedersen R. Mental time travel in animals: the 'when' of mental time travel. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230398. [PMID: 39278242 PMCID: PMC11449163 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
While many aspects of cognition have been shown to be shared between humans and non-human animals, there remains controversy regarding whether the capacity to mentally time travel is a uniquely human one. In this paper, we argue that there are four ways of representing when some event happened: four kinds of temporal representation. Distinguishing these four kinds of temporal representation has five benefits. First, it puts us in a position to determine the particular benefits these distinct temporal representations afford an organism. Second, it provides the conceptual resources to foster a discussion about which of these representations is necessary for an organism to count as having the capacity to mentally time travel. Third, it enables us to distinguish stricter from more liberal views of mental time travel that differ regarding which kind(s) of temporal representation is taken to be necessary for mental time travel. Fourth, it allows us to determine the benefits of taking a stricter or more liberal view of mental time travel. Finally, it ensures that disagreement about whether some species can mentally time travel is not merely the product of unrecognized disagreement about which temporal representation is necessary for mental time travel. We argue for a more liberal view, on the grounds that it allows us to view mental time travel as an evolutionarily continuous phenomenon and to recognize that differences in the ways that organisms mentally time travel might reflect different temporal representations, or combinations thereof, that they employ. Our ultimate aim, however, is to create a conceptual framework for further discussion regarding what sorts of temporal representations are required for mental time travel.This article is part of the theme issue 'Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Latham
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - Kristie Miller
- Centre for Time and Department of Philosophy, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales2050, Australia
| | - Rasmus Pedersen
- Department of Philosophy, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales2050, Australia
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94
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Gentry H, Buckner C. Transitional gradation and the distinction between episodic and semantic memory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230407. [PMID: 39278251 PMCID: PMC11449154 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this article, we explore various arguments against the traditional distinction between episodic and semantic memory based on the metaphysical phenomenon of transitional gradation. Transitional gradation occurs when two candidate kinds A and B grade into one another along a continuum according to their characteristic properties. We review two kinds of arguments-from the gradual semanticization of episodic memories as they are consolidated, and from the composition of episodic memories during storage and recall from semantic memories-that predict the proliferation of such transitional forms. We further explain why the distinction cannot be saved from the challenges of transitional gradation by appealing to distinct underlying memory structures and applying our perspective to the impasse over research into 'episodic-like' memory in non-human animals. On the whole, we recommend replacing the distinction with a dynamic life cycle of memory in which a variety of transitional forms will proliferate, and illustrate the utility of this perspective by tying together recent trends in animal episodic memory research and recommending productive future directions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Gentry
- Philosophy, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cameron Buckner
- Philosophy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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95
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Healy SD, Hurly TA, Godard J, Tello-Ramos M. The function of episodic memory in animals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230403. [PMID: 39278259 PMCID: PMC11449152 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The best-known example of episodic memory in animals came from food-storing birds. One of the beauties of the food-storing system was that inherent in the behaviour were the elements that (at the time) made up episodic memory: what, where and when. While there were then already plenty of data on animals' ability to put together what and where, the addition of the time element in animals' memory and its testing was one that was both new and experimentally challenging. It has, however, led to an increasing variety of examples showing that animals can put together all three informational components. If episodic memories can be described as those memories that make any one of us who we are, why should non-human animals have such memories? Here, we argue that episodic memories play a significant functional role in the lives of real animals, in particular, enabling them to make decisions about how they might or should act in their future. We support our argument with data from a range of examples, focussing on data from the field.This article is part of the theme issue 'Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Healy
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - T Andrew Hurly
- Department of Biological Sciences, AWESB, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jeanne Godard
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Tello-Ramos
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
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96
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Davies JR, Clayton NS. Is episodic-like memory like episodic memory? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230397. [PMID: 39278246 PMCID: PMC11449162 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory involves the conscious recollection of personally experienced events and when absent, results in profound losses to the typical human conscious experience. Over the last 2.5 decades, the debate surrounding whether episodic memory is unique to humans has seen a lot of controversy and accordingly has received significant research attention. Various behavioural paradigms have been developed to test episodic-like memory; a term designed to reflect the behavioural characteristics of episodic memory in the absence of evidence for consciously experienced recall. In this review, we first outline the most influential paradigms that have been developed to assess episodic-like memory across a variety of non-human taxa (including mammals, birds and cephalopods), namely the what-where-when memory, incidental encoding and unexpected question, and source memory paradigms. Then, we examine whether various key features of human episodic memory are conceptually represented in episodic-like memory across phylogenetically and neurologically diverse taxa, identifying similarities, differences and gaps in the literature. We conclude that the evidence is mixed, and as episodic memory encompasses a variety of cognitive structures and processes, research on episodic-like memory in non-humans should follow this multifaceted approach and assess evidence across various behavioural paradigms that each target different aspects of human episodic memory.This article is part of the theme issue 'Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research'.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Nicola S Clayton
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
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97
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Khan MM, Suhail SM, Majid HA, Ahmad I, Sadique U, Khan R, Ahmad I, Ijaz A, Khan K, Ali F, Khan MS, El-Mansi AA. Morpometric and molecular characterization of Surguli goat through CO1 gene in district Kohat. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2290528. [PMID: 38142270 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2290528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed with the aim to study morphometric characterization as well as phylogeny and diversity of the local Surguli goat at their breeding tract district Kohat through mitochondrial DNA region, i.e., Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit One (CO1) gene. Morphometric data and blood samples were collected from thirty (30) pure goats. Morphometric analysis showed that sex had significant effect (p < 0.05) on body weight, body length, hearth girth and horn length while no significant effect (p > 0.05) was observed for other characteristics. The results also indicated that age had significant effect (p < 0.05) on height at rump, ear length, horn length and tail length while no significant effect (p > 0.05) was observed for other characteristics. The phylogenetic analysis through CO1 nucleotide sequences within nucleotide range 1-767 showed nine polymorphic sites segregating into eight haplotypes. The mean intraspecific diversity and mean interspecific diversity were calculated as 0.23 and 2.36%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree revealed that Capra Ibex and native Surguli goat have common ancestors. The morphometric and molecular results obtained from the present study can be exploited as a selection tool for breeding and overall improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Munir Khan
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Suhail
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdul Majid
- Department of Livestock and Dairy Development (Research Wing), Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Umer Sadique
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rajwali Khan
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ijaz
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Khan
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Farhad Ali
- Department of Livestock Management, Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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98
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Islam MM, Saha A, Trisha FA, Gonzalez-Andrades M, Patra HK, Griffith M, Chodosh J, Rajaiya J. An in vitro 3-dimensional Collagen-based Corneal Construct with Innervation Using Human Corneal Cell Lines. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100544. [PMID: 39139547 PMCID: PMC11321308 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a 3-dimensional corneal construct suitable for in vitro studies of disease conditions and therapies. Design In vitro human corneal constructs were created using chemically crosslinked collagen and chondroitin sulfate extracellular matrix and seeded with 3 human corneal cell types (epithelial, stromal, and endothelial) together with neural cells. The neural cells were derived from hybrid neuroblastoma cells and the other cells used from immortalized human corneal cell lines. To check the feasibility and characterize the constructs, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, histology, and protein expression studies were performed. Results Optimized culture condition permitted synchronized viability across the cell types within the construct. The construct showed a typical appearance for different cellular layers, including healthy appearing, phenotypically differentiated neurons. The expected protein expression profiles for specific cell types within the construct were confirmed with western blotting. Conclusions An in vitro corneal construct was successfully developed with maintenance of individual cell phenotypes with anatomically correct cellular loci. The construct may be useful in evaluation of specific corneal disorders and in developing different corneal disease models. Additionally, the construct can be used in evaluating drug targeting and/or penetration to individual corneal layers, testing novel therapeutics for corneal diseases, and potentially reducing the necessity for animals in corneal research at the early stages of investigation. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirazul Islam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Amrita Saha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Farzana Afrose Trisha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miguel Gonzalez-Andrades
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital and University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Hirak K. Patra
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - May Griffith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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99
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Yao L, Wu C, Jiang B, Wu M, Shao X, Li N. Thinning alters nitrogen transformation processes in subtropical forest soil: Key roles of physicochemical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175086. [PMID: 39074748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Thinning-a widely used forest management practice-can significantly influence soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes in subtropical forests. However, the effects of different thinning intensities on nitrification, denitrification, and their relationships with soil properties and microbial communities remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a study in a subtropical forest in China and applied three thinning treatments, i.e., no thinning (0 %), intermediate thinning (10-15 %), and heavy thinning (20-25 %), and investigated the effects of thinning intensity on the potential nitrification rate (PNR), potential denitrification rate (PDR), and microbial communities. Moreover, we explored the relationships among soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and nitrogen transformation rates under different thinning intensities. Our results showed that intermediate and heavy thinning significantly increased the PNR by 87 % and 61 % and decreased the PDR by 31 % and 50 % compared to that of the control, respectively. Although the bacterial community structure was markedly influenced by thinning, the fungal community structure remained stable. Importantly, changes in microbial community composition and diversity had minimal impacts on the nitrogen transformation processes, whereas soil physicochemical properties, such as pH, organic carbon content, and nitrogen forms, were identified as the primary drivers. These findings highlight the critical role of managing soil physicochemical properties to regulate nitrogen transformations in forest soils. Effective forest management should focus on precisely adjusting the thinning intensity to enhance the soil physicochemical conditions, thereby promoting more efficient nitrogen cycling and improving forest ecosystem health in subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjin Yao
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Chuping Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Hangzhou Bay, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xuexin Shao
- Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Hangzhou Bay, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Niu Li
- Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Hangzhou Bay, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China.
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100
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Tolman ER, Beatty CD, Kohli MK, Abbott J, Bybee SM, Frandsen PB, Stephen Gosnell J, Guralnick R, Kalkman VJ, Newton LG, Suvorov A, Ware JL. A molecular phylogeny of the Petaluridae (Odonata: Anisoptera): A 160-Million-Year-Old story of drift and extinction. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 200:108185. [PMID: 39209047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Petaluridae (Odonata: Anisoptera) is a relict dragonfly family, having diverged from its sister family in the Jurassic, of eleven species that are notable among odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) for their exclusive use of fen and bog habitats, their burrowing behavior as nymphs, large body size as adults, and extended lifespans. To date, several nodes within this family remain unresolved, limiting the study of the evolution of this peculiar family. Using an anchored hybrid enrichment dataset of over 900 loci we reconstructed the species tree of Petaluridae. To estimate the temporal origin of the genera within this family, we used a set of well-vetted fossils and a relaxed molecular clock model in a divergence time estimation analysis. We estimate that Petaluridae originated in the early Cretaceous and confirm the existence of monophyletic Gondwanan and Laurasian clades within the family. Our relaxed molecular clock analysis estimated that these clades diverged from their MRCA approximately 160 mya. Extant lineages within this family were identified to have persisted from 6 (Uropetala) to 120 million years (Phenes). Our biogeographical analyses focusing on a set of key regions suggest that divergence within Petaluridae is largely correlated with continental drift, the exposure of land bridges, and the development of mountain ranges. Our results support the hypothesis that species within Petaluridae have persisted for tens of millions of years, with little fossil evidence to suggest widespread extinction in the family, despite optimal conditions for the fossilization of nymphs. Petaluridae appear to be a rare example of habitat specialists that have persisted for tens of millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R Tolman
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, New York, 10024; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; Conservation Connection Foundation, Boise, ID.
| | - Christopher D Beatty
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, New York, 10024; Program for Conservation Genomics, Department of Biology, Stanford University
| | - Manpreet K Kohli
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, New York, 10024; Conservation Connection Foundation, Boise, ID; Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, New York
| | - John Abbott
- Alabama Museum of Natural History and Department of Research and Collections, The University of Alabama
| | - Seth M Bybee
- Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | - J Stephen Gosnell
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, New York; PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, Room 4315, New York, 10016
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - V J Kalkman
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden
| | - Lacie G Newton
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, New York, 10024
| | - Anton Suvorov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jessica L Ware
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, New York, 10024
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