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Genome-wide association study of brain amyloid deposition as measured by Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB)-PET imaging. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:309-321. [PMID: 30361487 PMCID: PMC6219464 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain is one of the two main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is a neuroimaging tool that selectively detects in vivo amyloid deposition in the brain and is a reliable endophenotype for AD that complements cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers with regional information. We measured in vivo amyloid deposition in the brains of ~1000 subjects from three collaborative AD centers and ADNI using 11C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound-B (PiB)-PET imaging followed by meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies, first to our knowledge for PiB-PET, to identify novel genetic loci for this endophenotype. The APOE region showed the most significant association where several SNPs surpassed the genome-wide significant threshold, with APOE*4 being most significant (P-meta = 9.09E-30; β = 0.18). Interestingly, after conditioning on APOE*4, 14 SNPs remained significant at P < 0.05 in the APOE region that were not in linkage disequilibrium with APOE*4. Outside the APOE region, the meta-analysis revealed 15 non-APOE loci with P < 1E-05 on nine chromosomes, with two most significant SNPs on chromosomes 8 (P-meta = 4.87E-07) and 3 (P-meta = 9.69E-07). Functional analyses of these SNPs indicate their potential relevance with AD pathogenesis. Top 15 non-APOE SNPs along with APOE*4 explained 25-35% of the amyloid variance in different datasets, of which 14-17% was explained by APOE*4 alone. In conclusion, we have identified novel signals in APOE and non-APOE regions that affect amyloid deposition in the brain. Our data also highlights the presence of yet to be discovered variants that may be responsible for the unexplained genetic variance of amyloid deposition.
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Hu Y, Zhang H, Liu B, Gao S, Wang T, Han Z, Ji X, Liu G. rs34331204 regulates TSPAN13 expression and contributes to Alzheimer's disease with sex differences. Brain 2020; 143:e95. [PMID: 33175954 PMCID: PMC7719023 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifa Han
- School of Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Internet Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guiyou Liu
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Internet Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Ibanez L, Bahena JA, Yang C, Dube U, Farias FHG, Budde JP, Bergmann K, Brenner-Webster C, Morris JC, Perrin RJ, Cairns NJ, O'Donnell J, Álvarez I, Diez-Fairen M, Aguilar M, Miller R, Davis AA, Pastor P, Kotzbauer P, Campbell MC, Perlmutter JS, Rhinn H, Harari O, Cruchaga C, Benitez BA. Functional genomic analyses uncover APOE-mediated regulation of brain and cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid levels in Parkinson disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:196. [PMID: 33213513 PMCID: PMC7678051 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is the main protein component of Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. However, genetic modifiers of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein levels remain unknown. The use of CSF levels of amyloid beta1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181 as quantitative traits in genetic studies have provided novel insights into Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. A systematic study of the genomic architecture of CSF biomarkers in Parkinson's disease has not yet been conducted. Here, genome-wide association studies of CSF biomarker levels in a cohort of individuals with Parkinson's disease and controls (N = 1960) were performed. PD cases exhibited significantly lower CSF biomarker levels compared to controls. A SNP, proxy for APOE ε4, was associated with CSF amyloid beta1-42 levels (effect = - 0.5, p = 9.2 × 10-19). No genome-wide loci associated with CSF alpha-synuclein, total tau, or phosphorylated tau181 levels were identified in PD cohorts. Polygenic risk score constructed using the latest Parkinson's disease risk meta-analysis were associated with Parkinson's disease status (p = 0.035) and the genomic architecture of CSF amyloid beta1-42 (R2 = 2.29%; p = 2.5 × 10-11). Individuals with higher polygenic risk scores for PD risk presented with lower CSF amyloid beta1-42 levels (p = 7.3 × 10-04). Two-sample Mendelian Randomization revealed that CSF amyloid beta1-42 plays a role in Parkinson's disease (p = 1.4 × 10-05) and age at onset (p = 7.6 × 10-06), an effect mainly mediated by variants in the APOE locus. In a subset of PD samples, the APOE ε4 allele was associated with significantly lower levels of CSF amyloid beta1-42 (p = 3.8 × 10-06), higher mean cortical binding potentials (p = 5.8 × 10-08), and higher Braak amyloid beta score (p = 4.4 × 10-04). Together these results from high-throughput and hypothesis-free approaches converge on a genetic link between Parkinson's disease, CSF amyloid beta1-42, and APOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jorge A Bahena
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chengran Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Fabiana H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John P Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carol Brenner-Webster
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - John O'Donnell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Albert A Davis
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Kotzbauer
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, Programs in Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Radiology, Programs in Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Herve Rhinn
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alector, INC, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurologic Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Health, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8134, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Scoville DW, Kang HS, Jetten AM. Transcription factor GLIS3: Critical roles in thyroid hormone biosynthesis, hypothyroidism, pancreatic beta cells and diabetes. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107632. [PMID: 32693112 PMCID: PMC7606550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) is a member of the GLIS subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors that functions as an activator or repressor of gene expression. Study of GLIS3-deficiency in mice and humans revealed that GLIS3 plays a critical role in the regulation of several biological processes and is implicated in the development of various diseases, including hypothyroidism and diabetes. This was supported by genome-wide association studies that identified significant associations of common variants in GLIS3 with increased risk of these pathologies. To obtain insights into the causal mechanisms underlying these diseases, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms by which this protein regulates the development of these pathologies. Recent studies of genes regulated by GLIS3 led to the identification of a number of target genes and have provided important molecular insights by which GLIS3 controls cellular processes. These studies revealed that GLIS3 is essential for thyroid hormone biosynthesis and identified a critical function for GLIS3 in the generation of pancreatic β cells and insulin gene transcription. These observations raised the possibility that the GLIS3 signaling pathway might provide a potential therapeutic target in the management of diabetes, hypothyroidism, and other diseases. To develop such strategies, it will be critical to understand the upstream signaling pathways that regulate the activity, expression and function of GLIS3. Here, we review the recent progress on the molecular mechanisms by which GLIS3 controls key functions in thyroid follicular and pancreatic β cells and how this causally relates to the development of hypothyroidism and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scoville
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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105
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Li J, Chen F, Zhang Q, Meng X, Yao X, Risacher SL, Yan J, Saykin AJ, Liang H, Shen L. Genome-wide Network-assisted Association and Enrichment Study of Amyloid Imaging Phenotype in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:1163-1174. [PMID: 31755389 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191121142558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of Alzheimer's disease remains poorly understood at the mechanistic level, and genome-wide network-based genetics have the potential to provide new insights into the disease mechanisms. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore the collective effects of multiple genetic association signals on an AV-45 PET measure, which is a well-known Alzheimer's disease biomarker, by employing a network assisted strategy. METHODS First, we took advantage of a dense module search algorithm to identify modules enriched by genetic association signals in a protein-protein interaction network. Next, we performed statistical evaluation to the modules identified by dense module search, including a normalization process to adjust the topological bias in the network, a replication test to ensure the modules were not found randomly , and a permutation test to evaluate unbiased associations between the modules and amyloid imaging phenotype. Finally, topological analysis, module similarity tests and functional enrichment analysis were performed for the identified modules. RESULTS We identified 24 consensus modules enriched by robust genetic signals in a genome-wide association analysis. The results not only validated several previously reported AD genes (APOE, APP, TOMM40, DDAH1, PARK2, ATP5C1, PVRL2, ELAVL1, ACTN1 and NRF1), but also nominated a few novel genes (ABL1, ABLIM2) that have not been studied in Alzheimer's disease but have shown associations with other neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION The identified genes, consensus modules and enriched pathways may provide important clues to future research on the neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease and suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- College of Information Engineering, Northeast Dianli University, Jilin, China
| | - Xianglian Meng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, PA, United States
| | - Jingwen Yan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, PA, United States
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, PA, United States
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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106
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Raghavan NS, Dumitrescu L, Mormino E, Mahoney ER, Lee AJ, Gao Y, Bilgel M, Goldstein D, Harrison T, Engelman CD, Saykin AJ, Whelan CD, Liu JZ, Jagust W, Albert M, Johnson SC, Yang HS, Johnson K, Aisen P, Resnick SM, Sperling R, De Jager PL, Schneider J, Bennett DA, Schrag M, Vardarajan B, Hohman TJ, Mayeux R. Association Between Common Variants in RBFOX1, an RNA-Binding Protein, and Brain Amyloidosis in Early and Preclinical Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77:1288-1298. [PMID: 32568366 PMCID: PMC7309575 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Genetic studies of Alzheimer disease have focused on the clinical or pathologic diagnosis as the primary outcome, but little is known about the genetic basis of the preclinical phase of the disease. Objective To examine the underlying genetic basis for brain amyloidosis in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease. Design, Setting, and Participants In the first stage of this genetic association study, a meta-analysis was conducted using genetic and imaging data acquired from 6 multicenter cohort studies of healthy older individuals between 1994 and 2019: the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer Disease Study, the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study, the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, the Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals cohort, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, which included Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. The second stage was designed to validate genetic observations using pathologic and clinical data from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. Participants older than 50 years with amyloid positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging data and DNA from the 6 cohorts were included. The largest cohort, the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer Disease Study (n = 3154), was the PET screening cohort used for a secondary prevention trial designed to slow cognitive decline associated with brain amyloidosis. Six smaller, longitudinal cohort studies (n = 1160) provided additional amyloid PET imaging data with existing genetic data. The present study was conducted from March 29, 2019, to February 19, 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures A genome-wide association study of PET imaging amyloid levels. Results From the 4314 analyzed participants (age, 52-96 years; 2478 participants [57%] were women), a novel locus for amyloidosis was noted within RBFOX1 (β = 0.61, P = 3 × 10-9) in addition to APOE. The RBFOX1 protein localized around plaques, and reduced expression of RBFOX1 was correlated with higher amyloid-β burden (β = -0.008, P = .002) and worse cognition (β = 0.007, P = .006) during life in the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project cohort. Conclusions and Relevance RBFOX1 encodes a neuronal RNA-binding protein known to be expressed in neuronal tissues and may play a role in neuronal development. The findings of this study suggest that RBFOX1 is a novel locus that may be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S. Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Emily R. Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Annie J. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yizhe Gao
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Theresa Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | | | - Jimmy Z. Liu
- Research and Early Development, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Aisen
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reisa Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew Schrag
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Yeung CHC, Lau KWD, Au Yeung SL, Schooling CM. Amyloid, tau and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 36:81-88. [PMID: 32929646 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effect of amyloid and tau on Alzheimer's disease using two-sample Mendelian randomization design. Genetic associations with plasma amyloid species (amyloid precursor protein, amyloid-like protein 2, serum amyloid P-component, amyloid beta peptide), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta, total tau, and phosphorylated tau181 were extracted from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) available. Genetic associations with Alzheimer's disease were obtained from a GWAS of proxy-cases based on family history of Alzheimer's disease with 314,278 participants from the UK Biobank and a GWAS with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) with 21,982 cases and 41,944 controls. Estimates were obtained using inverse variance weighting with sensitivity analyses including MR-Egger, weighted median and MR-PRESSO. Presence of bias due to selective survival and competing risk was also considered. Plasma amyloid species, CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau181 were not associated with Alzheimer's disease. For CSF Aβ42, no association was found using the proxy-cases but an inverse association was found after removing outliers with MR-PRESSO using IGAP. Higher genetically predicted (p < 1 × 10-5) plasma amyloid species, CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau181 (based on sample sizes ~ 3300) were not associated with Alzheimer's disease using family history or clinically diagnosed cases while effects of CSF Aβ42 were inconsistent between the family history and IGAP GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kathleen Wen Din Lau
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA.
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108
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Neuner SM, Tcw J, Goate AM. Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104976. [PMID: 32565066 PMCID: PMC7409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genetic and genomic technologies over the last thirty years have greatly enhanced our knowledge concerning the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several genes including APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE have been shown to exhibit large effects on disease susceptibility, with the remaining risk loci having much smaller effects on AD risk. Notably, common genetic variants impacting AD are not randomly distributed across the genome. Instead, these variants are enriched within regulatory elements active in human myeloid cells, and to a lesser extent liver cells, implicating these cell and tissue types as critical to disease etiology. Integrative approaches are emerging as highly effective for identifying the specific target genes through which AD risk variants act and will likely yield important insights related to potential therapeutic targets in the coming years. In the future, additional consideration of sex- and ethnicity-specific contributions to risk as well as the contribution of complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions will likely be necessary to further improve our understanding of AD genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Neuner
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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109
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Li S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Shi D, Tsao R. Application of accelerated solvent extraction coupled with online two‐dimensional countercurrent chromatography for continuous extraction and separation of bioactive compounds from
Citrus limon
peel. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3793-3805. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory Changchun Normal University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory Changchun Normal University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory Changchun Normal University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- Central Laboratory Changchun Normal University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Guelph Ontario Canada
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110
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Abstract
The GLIS 1-3 genes belong to a family of transcription factors, the Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins. The GLIS proteins function primarily as activators of transcription (GLIS 1 and 3), while GLIS 2 functions as a repressor. Collectively, the GLIS proteins are involved in a variety of diseases in several organs ranging from Alzheimer's disease, facial dysmorphism, neonatal diabetes mellitus, breast and colon cancers and leukaemia. In particular, loss-of-function mutations in GLIS2 are responsible for an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease called nephronophthisis, which is characterised by tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and corticomedullary cysts.Of diagnostic value in current practice are the presence of GLIS 3 and 1 fusions with PAX8 in almost 100% of hyalinising trabecular tumours of the thyroid gland. This enables its separation from papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pinto
- Pathology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Shuwaikh, Al Asimah, Kuwait
| | - Runjan Chetty
- Department of Histopathology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
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111
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Wang T, Ni QB, Wang K, Han Z, Sun BL. Stroke and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2020; 11:581. [PMID: 32760421 PMCID: PMC7371994 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-bin Ni
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Zhifa Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifa Han,
| | - Bao-liang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- Bao-liang Sun,
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112
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Genetic Variation in Complex Traits in Transgenic α-Synuclein Strains of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070778. [PMID: 32664512 PMCID: PMC7397059 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different genetic backgrounds can modify the effect of mutated genes. Human α-synuclein (SNCA) gene encodes α-synuclein, and its oligomeric complexes accumulate with age and mediate the disruption of cellular homeostasis, resulting in the neuronal death that is characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease. Polymorphic variants modulate this complex pathologic mechanism. Previously, we constructed five transgenic introgression lines of a Caenorhabditis elegans model of α-synuclein using genetic backgrounds that are genetically diverse from the canonical wild-type Bristol N2. A gene expression analysis revealed that the α-synuclein transgene differentially affects genome-wide transcription due to background modifiers. To further investigate how complex traits are affected in these transgenic lines, we measured the α-synuclein transgene expression, the overall accumulation of the fusion protein of α-synuclein and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), the lysosome-related organelles, and the body size. By using quantitative PCR (qPCR), we demonstrated stable and similar expression levels of the α-synuclein transgene in different genetic backgrounds. Strikingly, we observed that the levels of the a-synuclein:YFP fusion protein vary in different genetic backgrounds by using the COPAS™ biosorter. The quantification of the Nile Red staining assay demonstrates that α-synuclein also affects lysosome-related organelles and body size. Our results show that the same α-synuclein introgression in different C. elegans backgrounds can produces differing effects on complex traits due to background modifiers.
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113
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Nolan M, Scott C, Gamarallage MP, Lunn D, Carpenter K, McDonough E, Meyer D, Kaanumalle S, Santamaria-Pang A, Turner MR, Talbot K, Ansorge O. Quantitative patterns of motor cortex proteinopathy across ALS genotypes. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:98. [PMID: 32616036 PMCID: PMC7331195 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the primary motor cortex is a defining feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is associated with the accumulation of microscopic protein aggregates in neurons and glia. However, little is known about the quantitative burden and pattern of motor cortex proteinopathies across ALS genotypes. We combined quantitative digital image analysis with multi-level generalized linear modelling in an independent cohort of 82 ALS cases to explore the relationship between genotype, total proteinopathy load and cellular vulnerability to aggregate formation. Primary motor cortex phosphorylated (p)TDP-43 burden and microglial activation were more severe in sporadic ALS-TDP disease than C9-ALS. Oligodendroglial pTDP-43 pathology was a defining feature of ALS-TDP in sporadic ALS, C9-ALS and ALS with OPTN, HNRNPA1 or TARDBP mutations. ALS-FUS and ALS-SOD1 showed less cortical proteinopathy in relation to spinal cord pathology than ALS-TDP, where pathology was more evenly spread across the motor cortex-spinal cord axis. Neuronal pTDP-43 aggregates were rare in GAD67+ and Parvalbumin+ inhibitory interneurons, consistent with predominant accumulation in excitatory neurons. Finally, we show that cortical microglia, but not astrocytes, contain pTDP-43. Our findings suggest divergent quantitative, genotype-specific vulnerability of the ALS primary motor cortex to proteinopathies, which may have implications for our understanding of disease pathogenesis and the development of genotype-specific therapies.
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114
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Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease: A Network-Based Analysis. Neuron 2020; 107:821-835.e12. [PMID: 32603655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle to treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) is our lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying selective neuronal vulnerability, a key characteristic of the disease. Here, we present a framework integrating high-quality neuron-type-specific molecular profiles across the lifetime of the healthy mouse, which we generated using bacTRAP, with postmortem human functional genomics and quantitative genetics data. We demonstrate human-mouse conservation of cellular taxonomy at the molecular level for neurons vulnerable and resistant in AD, identify specific genes and pathways associated with AD neuropathology, and pinpoint a specific functional gene module underlying selective vulnerability, enriched in processes associated with axonal remodeling, and affected by amyloid accumulation and aging. We have made all cell-type-specific profiles and functional networks available at http://alz.princeton.edu. Overall, our study provides a molecular framework for understanding the complex interplay between Aβ, aging, and neurodegeneration within the most vulnerable neurons in AD.
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115
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Genomic Tools for the Conservation and Genetic Improvement of a Highly Fragmented Breed-The Ramo Grande Cattle from the Azores. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061089. [PMID: 32599723 PMCID: PMC7341246 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inbreeding control is a key concern in managing local endangered breeds, which often have developed unique adaptation features. Ramo Grande is a local cattle breed raised in the Azores archipelago under very harsh conditions, with a census of about 1300 cows dispersed by various islands. This fragmentation is a challenge when the goal is to keep inbreeding under control. Currently, panels of genetic markers are available which enable the assessment of inbreeding and the occurrence of previous bottlenecks in a population. These panels also allow the identification of genes associated with specific production traits, if reliable phenotypic information is available. We used a panel of genetic markers and estimated that the degree of inbreeding was approaching a level of concern, while some exotic gene inflow may have occurred in the past. We were able to identify genetic markers significantly associated with longevity, which reflects the ability of these cattle to remain productive under severe environmental conditions. Genetic markers were also identified as significantly associated with age at first calving and calf growth rate. The results indicate that genomic information can be used to control inbreeding and to implement genomic selection in Ramo Grande cattle to enhance adaptation and production traits. Abstract Ramo Grande is a local cattle breed raised in the archipelago of Azores, with a small and dispersed census, where inbreeding control is of utmost importance. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Beadchip array was used to assess inbreeding, by analysis of genomic regions harboring contiguous homozygous genotypes named runs of homozygosity (ROH), and to estimate past effective population size by analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Genetic markers associated with production traits were also investigated, exploiting the unique genetic and adaptation features of this breed. A total of 639 ROH with length >4 Mb were identified, with mean length of 14.96 Mb. The mean genomic inbreeding was 0.09, and long segments of ROH were common, indicating recent inbred matings. The LD pattern indicates a large effective population size, suggesting the inflow of exotic germplasm in the past. The genome-wide association study identified novel markers significantly affecting longevity, age at first calving and direct genetic effects on calf weight. These results provide the first evidence of the association of longevity with genes related with DNA recognition and repair, and the association of age at first calving with aquaporin proteins, which are known to have a crucial role in reproduction.
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116
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Sullivan SE, Liao M, Smith RV, White C, Lagomarsino VN, Xu J, Taga M, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Young-Pearse TL. Candidate-based screening via gene modulation in human neurons and astrocytes implicates FERMT2 in Aβ and TAU proteostasis. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:718-735. [PMID: 30371777 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale 'omic' studies investigating the pathophysiological processes that lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia have identified an increasing number of susceptibility genes, many of which are poorly characterized and have not previously been implicated in AD. Here, we evaluated the utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes as tools to systematically test AD-relevant cellular phenotypes following perturbation of candidate genes identified by genome-wide studies. Lentiviral-mediated delivery of shRNAs was used to modulate expression of 66 genes in astrocytes and 52 genes in induced neurons. Five genes (CNN2, GBA, GSTP1, MINT2 and FERMT2) in neurons and nine genes (CNN2, ITGB1, MINT2, SORL1, VLDLR, NPC1, NPC2, PSAP and SCARB2) in astrocytes significantly altered extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) levels. Knockdown of AP3M2, CNN2, GSTP1, NPC1, NPC2, PSAP and SORL1 reduced interleukin-6 levels in astrocytes. Only knockdown of FERMT2 led to a reduction in the proportion of TAU that is phosphorylated. Further, CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of FERMT2 in both familial AD (fAD) and fAD-corrected human neurons validated the findings of reduced extracellular Aβ. Interestingly, FERMT2 reduction had no effect on the Aβ42:40 ratio in corrected neurons and a reduction of phospho-tau, but resulted in an elevation in Aβ42:40 ratio and no reduction in phospho-tau in fAD neurons. Taken together, this study has prioritized 15 genes as being involved in contributing to Aβ accumulation, phosphorylation of tau and/or cytokine secretion, and, as illustrated with FERMT2, it sets the stage for further cell-type-specific dissection of the role of these genes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Sullivan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meichen Liao
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert V Smith
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles White
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jishu Xu
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariko Taga
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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117
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Smith SM, Elliott LT, Alfaro-Almagro F, McCarthy P, Nichols TE, Douaud G, Miller KL. Brain aging comprises many modes of structural and functional change with distinct genetic and biophysical associations. eLife 2020; 9:e52677. [PMID: 32134384 PMCID: PMC7162660 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain imaging can be used to study how individuals' brains are aging, compared against population norms. This can inform on aspects of brain health; for example, smoking and blood pressure can be seen to accelerate brain aging. Typically, a single 'brain age' is estimated per subject, whereas here we identified 62 modes of subject variability, from 21,407 subjects' multimodal brain imaging data in UK Biobank. The modes represent different aspects of brain aging, showing distinct patterns of functional and structural brain change, and distinct patterns of association with genetics, lifestyle, cognition, physical measures and disease. While conventional brain-age modelling found no genetic associations, 34 modes had genetic associations. We suggest that it is important not to treat brain aging as a single homogeneous process, and that modelling of distinct patterns of structural and functional change will reveal more biologically meaningful markers of brain aging in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lloyd T Elliott
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser UniversityVancouverCanada
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN FMRIB), University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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118
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Li Z, Farias FHG, Dube U, Del-Aguila JL, Mihindukulasuriya KA, Fernandez MV, Ibanez L, Budde JP, Wang F, Lake AM, Deming Y, Perez J, Yang C, Bahena JA, Qin W, Bradley JL, Davenport R, Bergmann K, Morris JC, Perrin RJ, Benitez BA, Dougherty JD, Harari O, Cruchaga C. The TMEM106B FTLD-protective variant, rs1990621, is also associated with increased neuronal proportion. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:45-61. [PMID: 31456032 PMCID: PMC6942643 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apart from amyloid β deposition and tau neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and astrocytosis in the cerebral cortex. The goal of this study is to investigate genetic factors associated with the neuronal proportion in health and disease. To identify cell-autonomous genetic variants associated with neuronal proportion in cortical tissues, we inferred cellular population structure from bulk RNA-Seq derived from 1536 individuals. We identified the variant rs1990621 located in the TMEM106B gene region as significantly associated with neuronal proportion (p value = 6.40 × 10-07) and replicated this finding in an independent dataset (p value = 7.41 × 10-04) surpassing the genome-wide threshold in the meta-analysis (p value = 9.42 × 10-09). This variant is in high LD with the TMEM106B non-synonymous variant p.T185S (rs3173615; r2 = 0.98) which was previously identified as a protective variant for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We stratified the samples by disease status, and discovered that this variant modulates neuronal proportion not only in AD cases, but also several neurodegenerative diseases and in elderly cognitively healthy controls. Furthermore, we did not find a significant association in younger controls or schizophrenia patients, suggesting that this variant might increase neuronal survival or confer resilience to the neurodegenerative process. The single variant and gene-based analyses also identified an overall genetic association between neuronal proportion, AD and FTLD risk. These results suggest that common pathways are implicated in these neurodegenerative diseases, that implicate neuronal survival. In summary, we identified a protective variant in the TMEM106B gene that may have a neuronal protection effect against general aging, independent of disease status, which could help elucidate the relationship between aging and neuronal survival in the presence or absence of neurodegenerative disorders. Our findings suggest that TMEM106B could be a potential target for neuronal protection therapies to ameliorate cognitive and functional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabiana H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jorge L Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathie A Mihindukulasuriya
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allison M Lake
- Vanderbilt University Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengran Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jorge A Bahena
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Joseph L Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard Davenport
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, BJC Institute of Heath, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Olive C, Ibanez L, Farias FHG, Wang F, Budde JP, Norton JB, Gentsch J, Morris JC, Li Z, Dube U, Del-Aguila J, Bergmann K, Bradley J, Benitez BA, Harari O, Fagan A, Ances B, Cruchaga C, Fernandez MV. Examination of the Effect of Rare Variants in TREM2, ABI3, and PLCG2 in LOAD Through Multiple Phenotypes. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1469-1482. [PMID: 32894242 PMCID: PMC7927150 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare variants in PLCG2 (p.P522R), ABI3 (p.S209F), and TREM2 (p.R47H, p.R62H) have been associated with late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) risk in Caucasians. After the initial report, several studies have found positive results in cohorts of different ethnic background and with different phenotype. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to evaluate the association of rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 with LOAD risk and their effect at different time points of the disease. METHODS We used a European American cohort to assess the association of the variants prior onset (using CSF Aβ42, tau, and pTau levels, and amyloid imaging as endophenotypes) and after onset (measured as rate of memory decline). RESULTS We confirm the association with LOAD risk of TREM2 p.R47H, p.R62H and ABI3 p.S209F variants, and the protective effect of PLCG2 p.P522R. In addition, ABI3 and TREM2 gene-sets showed significant association with LOAD risk. TREM2 p.R47H and PLCG2 p.P522R variants were also statistically associated with increase of amyloid imaging and AD progression, respectively. We did not observe any association of ABI3 p.S209F with any of the other AD endophenotypes. CONCLUSION The results of this study highlight the importance of including biomarkers and alternative phenotypes to better understand the role of novel candidate genes with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Olive
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Ibanez
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabiana H. Geraldo Farias
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P. Budde
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joanne B. Norton
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jen Gentsch
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zeran Li
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jorge Del-Aguila
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph Bradley
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno A. Benitez
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beau Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Li X, Chu SG, Shen XN, Hou XH, Xu W, Ou YN, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Genome-wide association study identifies SIAH3 locus influencing the rate of ventricular enlargement in non-demented elders. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9862-9874. [PMID: 31711042 PMCID: PMC6874439 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular enlargement occurs in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. A large genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified seven loci associated with ventricular volume. The rate of ventricular enlargement increased in the progression of disease from normal cognition to dementia. Here, we aimed to use the rate of ventricular enlargement as an endophenotype for the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases to discover more common genetic variants. We performed a GWAS of the rate of ventricular enlargement using 507 nondemented non-Hispanic white participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Linear regression model was used to identify the association of the rate of ventricular enlargement with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PLINK software. The associations of genome-wide significant SNPs with other four phenotypes were further discussed. Two SNPs (rs11620312, P = 4.04×10−8; rs79174114, P = 4.28×10−8) within SIAH3 gene in linkage disequilibrium (LD) reached genome-wide significance for association with increased rate of ventricular enlargement. Some intergenic SNPs and SNPs within NKAIN2, TBC1D2, GALNT18, ABCC1 and SRCIN1 genes were identified as potential candidates. SIAH3 rs11620312-C carriers were associated with poor cognition and brain hypometabolism longitudinally. Our findings indicated that SIAH3 gene may have potential influence on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shu-Guang Chu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-He Hou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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121
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Vélez JI, Lopera F, Silva CT, Villegas A, Espinosa LG, Vidal OM, Mastronardi CA, Arcos-Burgos M. Familial Alzheimer's Disease and Recessive Modifiers. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1035-1043. [PMID: 31664702 PMCID: PMC7031188 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is progressive brain disorder that affects ~ 50 million people worldwide and has no current effective treatment. AD age of onset (ADAOO) has shown to be critical for the identification of genes that modify the appearance of AD signs and symptoms in a specific population. We clinically characterized and whole-exome genotyped 71 individuals with AD from the Paisa genetic isolate, segregating the (PSEN1) E280A dominant fully penetrant mutation, and analyzed the potential recessive effects of ~ 50,000 common functional genomic variants to the ADAOO. Standard quality control and filtering procedures were applied, and recessive single- and multi-locus linear mixed-effects models were used. We identified genetic variants in the SLC9C1, CSN1S1, and LOXL4 acting recessively to delay ADAOO up to ~ 11, ~ 6, and ~ 9 years on average, respectively. In contrast, the CC recessive genotype in marker DHRS4L2-rs2273946 accelerates ADAOO by ~ 8 years. This study, reports new recessive variants modifying ADAOO in PSEN1 E280A mutation carriers. This set of genes are implicated in important biological processes and molecular functions commonly affected by genes associated with the etiology of AD such as APP, APOE, and CLU. Future functional studies using modern techniques such as induced pluripotent stem cells will allow a better understanding of the over expression and down regulation of these recessive modifier variants and hence the pathogenesis of AD. These results are important for prediction of AD and ultimately, substantial to develop new therapeutic strategies for individuals at risk or affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia T Silva
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrés Villegas
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lady G Espinosa
- INPAC Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Ramanan VK, Castillo AM, Knopman DS, Graff-Radford J, Lowe VJ, Petersen RC, Jack CR, Mielke MM, Vemuri P. Association of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4, Educational Level, and Sex With Tau Deposition and Tau-Mediated Metabolic Dysfunction in Older Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1913909. [PMID: 31642932 PMCID: PMC6820045 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE While amyloidosis is an early event in the Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarker cascade, a complex interplay among the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele, educational levels, and sex may be associated with an individual's resilience to dementia. OBJECTIVE To assess whether APOE ɛ4, educational levels, and sex are associated with regional tau deposition and tau-mediated metabolic dysfunction in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based cohort study of individuals aged 65 years and older enrolled between January 1, 2004, and May 1, 2018, in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a prospective longitudinal study of cognitive aging in Olmsted County, Minnesota. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were cross-sectional tau burden and the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to tau ratio (as a measure of tau-mediated metabolic dysfunction) assessed by positron emission tomography for 43 atlas-defined regions, with specific focus on the entorhinal, inferior temporal, and posterior cingulate cortices. EXPOSURES Using linear regression, APOE ɛ4 status and years of education were the primary exposure variables, with sex additionally investigated through interaction models. RESULTS The sample included 325 individuals (173 [53%] male; mean [SD] age, 76.1 [7.2] years; 291 [90%] cognitively unimpaired). Although APOE ɛ4 was nominally associated with higher tau deposition (β = 0.05 [95% CI, 0.02-0.09]; P = .001; Cohen d = 0.40) and lower FDG to tau ratio (β = -0.05 [95% CI, -0.08 to -0.01]; P = .008; Cohen d = 0.33) in the entorhinal cortex, these associations were completely attenuated after controlling for global amyloid burden. Education was not associated with regional tau burden or FDG to tau ratio. In the 3 regions of interest, global amyloid burden accounted for the largest proportion of variance in tau deposition among the candidate variables assessed. In the entorhinal cortex, significant interactions were identified between APOE ɛ4 and global amyloid burden on tau (β = 0.25; SE = 0.06; P < .001) and between sex and tau burden on FDG metabolism (β = 0.10; SE = 0.05; P = .049). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results suggest that (1) tau deposition is most significantly associated with amyloidosis; (2) in the presence of abundant amyloidosis, APOE ɛ4 may be associated with accelerated entorhinal cortex tau deposition; and (3) women may have lower resilience to tau, manifested by a higher degree of metabolic dysfunction in the entorhinal cortex in response to tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Ramanan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna M. Castillo
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David S. Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ronald C. Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Clifford R. Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic–Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
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Nosheny RL, Insel PS, Mattsson N, Tosun D, Buckley S, Truran D, Schuff N, Aisen PS, Weiner MW. Associations among amyloid status, age, and longitudinal regional brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 82:110-119. [PMID: 31437719 PMCID: PMC7198229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare regional brain atrophy patterns in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults with and without brain accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) to elucidate contributions of Aβ, age, and other variables to atrophy rates. In 80 CU participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we determined effects of Aβ and age on longitudinal, regional atrophy rates, while accounting for confounding variables including sex, APOE ε4 genotype, white matter lesions, and cerebrospinal fluid total and phosphorylated tau levels. We not only found overlapping patterns of atrophy in Aβ+ versus Aβ- participants but also identified regions where atrophy pattern differed between the 2 groups. Higher Aβ load was associated with increased longitudinal atrophy in the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, even when accounting for age and other variables. Age was associated with atrophy in insula, fusiform gyrus, and isthmus cingulate, even when accounting for Aβ. We found age by Aβ interactions in the postcentral gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. These results elucidate the separate and related effects of age, Aβ, and other important variables on longitudinal brain atrophy rates in CU older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Nosheny
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, CA, USA.
| | - Philip S Insel
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Buckley
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana Truran
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N Schuff
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, CA, USA
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Wang L, Ying J, Fan P, Weamer EA, DeMichele-Sweet MAA, Lopez OL, Kofler JK, Sweet RA. Effects of Vitamin D Use on Outcomes of Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer Disease Patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:908-917. [PMID: 31126722 PMCID: PMC6693492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify medications that may prevent psychosis in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS The authors compared the frequency of medication usage among patients with AD with or without psychosis symptoms (AD + P versus AD - P). The authors also conducted survival analysis on time to psychosis for patients with AD to identify drugs with beneficial effects. The authors further explored the potential molecular mechanisms of identified drugs by gene-signature analysis. Specifically, the gene expression profiles induced by the identified drug(s) were collected to derive a list of most perturbed genes. These genes were further analyzed by the associations of their genetic variations with AD or psychosis-related phenotypes. RESULTS Vitamin D was used more often in AD - P patients than in AD + P patients. Vitamin D was also significantly associated with delayed time to psychosis. AD and/or psychosis-related genes were enriched in the list of genes most perturbed by vitamin D, specifically genes involved in the regulation of calcium signaling downstream of the vitamin D receptor. CONCLUSION Vitamin D was associated with delayed onset of psychotic symptoms in patients with AD. Its mechanisms of action provide a novel direction for development of drugs to prevent or treat psychosis in AD. In addition, genetic variations in vitamin D-regulated genes may provide a biomarker signature to identify a subpopulation of patients who can benefit from vitamin D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LW, PF), Computational Chemical Genomics Screening, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh
| | - Jian Ying
- Department of Internal Medicine (JY), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Peihao Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LW, PF), Computational Chemical Genomics Screening, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh
| | - Elise A Weamer
- Department of Neurology (EAW, OLL, RAS), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | | | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology (EAW, OLL, RAS), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Psychiatry (MAADS, OLL, RAS), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - Julia K Kofler
- Department of Pathology (JKK), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Neurology (EAW, OLL, RAS), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; Department of Psychiatry (MAADS, OLL, RAS), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh; VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (RAS), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh.
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125
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Deming Y, Filipello F, Cignarella F, Cantoni C, Hsu S, Mikesell R, Li Z, Del-Aguila JL, Dube U, Farias FG, Bradley J, Budde J, Ibanez L, Fernandez MV, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Heslegrave A, Johansson PM, Svensson J, Nellgård B, Lleo A, Alcolea D, Clarimon J, Rami L, Molinuevo JL, Suárez-Calvet M, Morenas-Rodríguez E, Kleinberger G, Ewers M, Harari O, Haass C, Brett TJ, Benitez BA, Karch CM, Piccio L, Cruchaga C. The MS4A gene cluster is a key modulator of soluble TREM2 and Alzheimer's disease risk. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaau2291. [PMID: 31413141 PMCID: PMC6697053 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). TREM2 plays a critical role in microglial activation, survival, and phagocytosis; however, the pathophysiological role of sTREM2 in AD is not well understood. Understanding the role of sTREM2 in AD may reveal new pathological mechanisms and lead to the identification of therapeutic targets. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic modifiers of CSF sTREM2 obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Common variants in the membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A (MS4A) gene region were associated with CSF sTREM2 concentrations (rs1582763; P = 1.15 × 10-15); this was replicated in independent datasets. The variants associated with increased CSF sTREM2 concentrations were associated with reduced AD risk and delayed age at onset of disease. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1582763 modified expression of the MS4A4A and MS4A6A genes in multiple tissues, suggesting that one or both of these genes are important for modulating sTREM2 production. Using human macrophages as a proxy for microglia, we found that MS4A4A and TREM2 colocalized on lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, that sTREM2 increased with MS4A4A overexpression, and that silencing of MS4A4A reduced sTREM2 production. These genetic, molecular, and cellular findings suggest that MS4A4A modulates sTREM2. These findings also provide a mechanistic explanation for the original GWAS signal in the MS4A locus for AD risk and indicate that TREM2 may be involved in AD pathogenesis not only in TREM2 risk-variant carriers but also in those with sporadic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Fabia Filipello
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Francesca Cignarella
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Simon Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert Mikesell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zeran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jorge L Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fabiana Geraldo Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Per M Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nellgård
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- IDIBAPS, Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- IDIBAPS, Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, ICN Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- ISAR Bioscience GmbH, 2152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas J Brett
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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126
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Rossi M, Kai H, Baiardi S, Bartoletti-Stella A, Carlà B, Zenesini C, Capellari S, Kitamoto T, Parchi P. The characterization of AD/PART co-pathology in CJD suggests independent pathogenic mechanisms and no cross-seeding between misfolded Aβ and prion proteins. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:53. [PMID: 30961668 PMCID: PMC6454607 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicating a role of the human prion protein (PrP) in amyloid-beta (Aβ) formation or a synergistic effect between Aβ and prion pathology remains controversial. Conflicting results also concern the frequency of the association between the two protein misfolding disorders and the issue of whether the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and the prion protein gene (PRNP), the major modifiers of Aβ- and PrP-related pathologies, also have a pathogenic role in other proteinopathies, including tau neurofibrillary degeneration. Here, we thoroughly characterized the Alzheimer's disease/primary age-related tauopathy (AD/PART) spectrum in a series of 450 cases with definite sporadic or genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Moreover, we analyzed: (i) the effect of variables known to affect CJD pathogenesis and the co-occurring Aβ- and tau-related pathologies; (II) the influence of APOE genotype on CJD pathology, and (III) the effect of AD/PART co-pathology on the clinical CJD phenotype. AD/PART characterized 74% of CJD brains, with 53.3% and 8.2% showing low or intermediate-high levels of AD pathology, and 12.4 and 11.8% definite or possible PART. There was no significant correlation between variables affecting CJD (i.e., disease subtype, prion strain, PRNP genotype) and those defining the AD/PART spectrum (i.e., ABC score, Thal phase, prevalence of CAA and Braak stage), and no difference in the distribution of APOE ε4 and ε2 genotypes among CJD subtypes. Moreover, AD/PART co-pathology did not significantly affect the clinical presentation of typical CJD, except for a tendency to increase the frequency of cognitive symptoms. Altogether, the present results seem to exclude an increased prevalence AD/PART co-pathology in sporadic and genetic CJD, and indicate that largely independent pathogenic mechanisms drive AD/PART and CJD pathology even when they coexist in the same brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Rossi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hideaki Kai
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Simone Baiardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Bartoletti-Stella
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Carlà
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tetsuyuki Kitamoto
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Piero Parchi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Bellaria, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy
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127
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APOE Genotype Specific Effects on the Early Neurodegenerative Sequelae Following Chronic Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2019; 404:297-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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128
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Dumitrescu L, Mayeda ER, Sharman K, Moore AM, Hohman TJ. Sex Differences in the Genetic Architecture of Alzheimer's Disease. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2019; 7:13-21. [PMID: 31360619 PMCID: PMC6662731 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-019-0157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize sex-specific contributors to the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS There are sex differences in the effects of Apolipoprotein E (APOE), genes along the APOE pathway, and genes along the neurotrophic signaling pathway in predicting AD. Reported sex differences are largely driven by stronger associations among females. Evidence also suggests that genetic predictors of amyloidosis are largely shared across sexes, while sex-specific genetic effects emerge downstream of amyloidosis and drive the clinical manifestation of AD. SUMMARY There is a lack of comprehensive assessments of sex differences in genome-wide analyses of AD and a need for more systematic reporting a sex-stratified genetic effects. The emerging emphasis on sex as a biological variable provides an opportunity for transdisciplinary collaborations aimed at addressing major analytical challenges that have hampered advancements in the field. Ultimately, sex-specific genetic association studies represent a logical first step towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kavya Sharman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annah M. Moore
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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129
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Association of IL1RAP-related genetic variation with cerebrospinal fluid concentration of Alzheimer-associated tau protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2460. [PMID: 30792413 PMCID: PMC6385252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible involvement of the gene IL1RAP (interleukin-1 receptor-associated protein) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been suggested in GWASs of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau levels and longitudinal change in brain amyloid burden. The aim of this study was to examine previously implicated genetic markers in and near IL1RAP in relation to AD risk, CSF tau and Aβ biomarkers, as well as cognitive decline, in a case (AD)-control study and an age homogenous population-based cohort. Genotyping of IL1RAP-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on previous GWAS results, was performed. 3446 individuals (1154 AD cases and 2292 controls) were included in the analyses of AD risk, 1400 individuals (cognitively normal = 747, AD = 653) in the CSF biomarker analyses, and 861 individuals in the analyses of cognitive decline. We found no relation between IL1RAP-related SNPs and AD risk. However, CSF total-tau and phospho-tau were associated with the SNP rs9877502 (p = 6 × 10−3 and p = 5 × 10−4). Further, nominal associations (p = 0.03–0.05) were found between three other SNPs and CSF biomarker levels, or levels of cognitive performance and decline in a sub-sample from the general population. These results support previous studies suggesting an association of IL1RAP with disease intensity of AD.
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130
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Strickland MR, Holtzman DM. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: ApoE explains opposing effects of neuronal LRP1. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:969-971. [PMID: 30741722 DOI: 10.1172/jci127578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and its pathogenesis is initiated by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) into extracellular plaques. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the largest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD and contributes to AD pathogenesis by influencing clearance and seeding of the initial aggregation of Aβ. In this issue of the JCI, Tachibana et al. investigated the relationship between neuronal LRP1 expression and ApoE4-mediated seeding of Aβ and showed that knockout of neuronal LRP1 prevents the increase in Aβ pathology caused by ApoE4 expression. These findings give insight into potential therapeutic targets for the preclinical phase of AD and the pathogenesis of Aβ pathology.
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131
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Using Next-Generation Sequencing Transcriptomics To Determine Markers of Post-traumatic Symptoms: Preliminary Findings from a Post-deployment Cohort of Soldiers. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:463-471. [PMID: 30622122 PMCID: PMC6385974 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a concerning psychobehavioral disorder thought to emerge from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. For soldiers exposed to combat, the risk of developing this disorder is twofold and diagnosis is often late, when much sequela has set in. To be able to identify and diagnose in advance those at “risk” of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, would greatly taper the gap between late sequelae and treatment. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether the transcriptome can be used to track the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in this unique and susceptible cohort of individuals. Gene expression levels in peripheral blood samples from 85 Canadian infantry soldiers (n = 58 participants negative for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and n = 27 participants with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder) following return from deployment to Afghanistan were determined using RNA sequencing technology. Count-based gene expression quantification, normalization and differential analysis (with thorough correction for confounders) revealed genes associated to PTSD; LRP8 and GOLM1. These preliminary results provide a proof-of-principle for the diagnostic utility of blood-based gene expression profiles for tracking symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in soldiers returning from tour. It is also the first to report transcriptome-wide expression profiles alongside a post-traumatic symptom checklist.
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132
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Han Z, Tian R, Ren P, Zhou W, Wang P, Luo M, Jin S, Jiang Q. Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:215. [PMID: 30598082 PMCID: PMC6311900 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the top two common neurodegenerative diseases in elderly. Recent studies found the α-synuclein have a key role in AD. Although many clinical and pathological features between AD and PD are shared, the genetic association between them remains unclear, especially whether α-synuclein in PD genetically alters AD risk. RESULTS We did not obtain any significant result (OR = 0.918, 95% CI: 0.782-1.076, P = 0.291) in MR analysis between PD and AD risk. In MR between α-synuclein in PD with AD risk, we only extracted rs356182 as the IV through a strict screening process. The result indicated a significant association based on IVW method (OR = 0.638, 95% CI: 0.485-0.838, P = 1.20E-03). In order to examine the robustness of the IVW method, we used other three complementary analytical methods and also obtained consistent results. CONCLUSION The overall PD genetic risk factors did not predict AD risk, but the α-synuclein susceptibility genetic variants in PD reduce the AD risk. We believe that our findings may help to understand the association between them, which may be useful for future genetic studies for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wenyang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shuilin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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133
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Tavana JP, Rosene M, Jensen NO, Ridge PG, Kauwe JS, Karch CM. RAB10: an Alzheimer's disease resilience locus and potential drug target. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 14:73-79. [PMID: 30643396 PMCID: PMC6312396 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s159148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mainly a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder. Substantial efforts have been made to solve the complex genetic architecture of AD as a means to identify therapeutic targets. Unfortunately, to date, no disease-altering therapeutics have been developed. As therapeutics are likely to be most effective in the early stages of disease (ie, before the onset of symptoms), a recent focus of AD research has been the identification of protective factors that prevent disease. One example is the discovery of a rare variant in the 3′-UTR of RAB10 that is protective for AD. Here, we review the possible genetic, molecular, and functional role of RAB10 in AD and potential therapeutic approaches to target RAB10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina P Tavana
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Matthew Rosene
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA,
| | - Nick O Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA,
| | - Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - John Sk Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA, .,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA,
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134
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Han Q, Sun YA, Zong Y, Chen C, Wang HF, Tan L. Common Variants in PLXNA4 and Correlation to CSF-related Phenotypes in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:946. [PMID: 30618575 PMCID: PMC6305543 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Plexin-A 4 (PLXNA4) gene, has recently been identified in genome wide association studies (GWAS), as a novel genetic player associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, PLXNA4 genetic variations were also found to increase AD risk by tau pathology in vitro. However, the potential roles of PLXNA4 variants in the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, were not evaluated. Five targeted loci capturing the top common variations in PLXNA4, were extracted using tagger methods. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore whether these variations can affect the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Aβ1−42, T-tau, and P-tau) phenotypes in the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. We detected that two loci (rs6467431, rs67468325) were significantly associated with CSF Aβ1−42 levels in the hybrid population (rs6467431: P = 0.01376, rs67468325: P = 0.006536) and the significance remained after false discovery rate (FDR) correction (rs6467431: Pc = 0.03441, rs67468325: Pc = 0.03268). In the subgroup analysis, we further confirmed the association of rs6467431 in the cognitively normal (CN) subgroup (P = 0.01904, Pc = 0.04761). Furthermore, rs6467431-A carriers and rs67468325-G carriers showed higher CSF Aβ1−42 levels than non-carriers. Nevertheless, we did not detect any significant relationships between the levels of T-tau, P-tau and these PLXNA4 loci. Our findings provided preliminary evidence that PLXNA4 variants can confer AD risk through modulating the Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Han
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Clinical Medical School, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huaian Hosipital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yong-An Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Clinical Medical School, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda School, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yu Zong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Clinical Medical School, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Hongze Huai'an District People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Clinical Medical School, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
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135
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Deming Y, Dumitrescu L, Barnes LL, Thambisetty M, Kunkle B, Gifford KA, Bush WS, Chibnik LB, Mukherjee S, De Jager PL, Kukull W, Huentelman M, Crane PK, Resnick SM, Keene CD, Montine TJ, Schellenberg GD, Haines JL, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Larson EB, Johnson SC, Albert M, Moghekar A, Del Aguila JL, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Hassenstab J, Fagan AM, Riemenschneider M, Petersen RC, Minthon L, Chao MJ, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Peskind ER, Li G, Davis LK, Sealock JM, Cox NJ, Goate AM, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Jefferson AL, Cruchaga C, Hohman TJ. Sex-specific genetic predictors of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:857-872. [PMID: 29967939 PMCID: PMC6280657 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and tau have been evaluated as endophenotypes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic studies. Although there are sex differences in AD risk, sex differences have not been evaluated in genetic studies of AD endophenotypes. We performed sex-stratified and sex interaction genetic analyses of CSF biomarkers to identify sex-specific associations. Data came from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CSF Aβ42 and tau (1527 males, 1509 females). We evaluated sex interactions at previous loci, performed sex-stratified GWAS to identify sex-specific associations, and evaluated sex interactions at sex-specific GWAS loci. We then evaluated sex-specific associations between prefrontal cortex (PFC) gene expression at relevant loci and autopsy measures of plaques and tangles using data from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. In Aβ42, we observed sex interactions at one previous and one novel locus: rs316341 within SERPINB1 (p = 0.04) and rs13115400 near LINC00290 (p = 0.002). These loci showed stronger associations among females (β = - 0.03, p = 4.25 × 10-8; β = 0.03, p = 3.97 × 10-8) than males (β = - 0.02, p = 0.009; β = 0.01, p = 0.20). Higher levels of expression of SERPINB1, SERPINB6, and SERPINB9 in PFC was associated with higher levels of amyloidosis among females (corrected p values < 0.02) but not males (p > 0.38). In total tau, we observed a sex interaction at a previous locus, rs1393060 proximal to GMNC (p = 0.004), driven by a stronger association among females (β = 0.05, p = 4.57 × 10-10) compared to males (β = 0.02, p = 0.03). There was also a sex-specific association between rs1393060 and tangle density at autopsy (pfemale = 0.047; pmale = 0.96), and higher levels of expression of two genes within this locus were associated with lower tangle density among females (OSTN p = 0.006; CLDN16 p = 0.002) but not males (p ≥ 0.32). Results suggest a female-specific role for SERPINB1 in amyloidosis and for OSTN and CLDN16 in tau pathology. Sex-specific genetic analyses may improve understanding of AD's genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Kunkle
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Philip L De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Walter Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jorge L Del Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael J Chao
- Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia M Sealock
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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Ramos de Matos M, Ferreira C, Herukka SK, Soininen H, Janeiro A, Santana I, Baldeiras I, Almeida MR, Lleó A, Dols-Icardo O, Alcolea D, Benussi L, Binetti G, Paterlini A, Ghidoni R, Nacmias B, Meulenbroek O, van Waalwijk van Doorn LJ, Kuiperi HBJ, Hausner L, Waldemar G, Simonsen AH, Tsolaki M, Gkatzima O, Resende de Oliveira C, Verbeek MM, Clarimon J, Hiltunen M, de Mendonça A, Martins M. Quantitative Genetics Validates Previous Genetic Variants and Identifies Novel Genetic Players Influencing Alzheimer’s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:639-652. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Ramos de Matos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, and Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - André Janeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, CHUC - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Neurogenetics Laboratory, CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, CHUC - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Neurogenetics Laboratory, CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, CHUC - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Neurogenetics Laboratory, CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Department of Neurology and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Department of Neurology and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Cento S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory and MAC Memory Clinic, IRCCS Cento S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Paterlini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Cento S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Cento S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Olga Meulenbroek
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda J.C. van Waalwijk van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Bea j Kuiperi
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department Geriatric Psychiatry (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece and Greek Alzheimer Association, Greece
| | - Olymbia Gkatzima
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders “Alzheimer Hellas”, Greece
| | - Catarina Resende de Oliveira
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, CHUC - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Neurogenetics Laboratory, CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcel M. Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Department of Neurology and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandre de Mendonça
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Tasaki S, Gaiteri C, Mostafavi S, De Jager PL, Bennett DA. The Molecular and Neuropathological Consequences of Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Dementia. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:699. [PMID: 30349450 PMCID: PMC6187226 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's dementia commonly impacts the health of older adults and lacks any preventative therapy. While Alzheimer's dementia risk has a substantial genetic component, the specific molecular mechanisms and neuropathologies triggered by most of the known genetic variants are unclear. Resultantly, they have shown limited influence on drug development portfolios to date. To facilitate our understanding of the consequences of Alzheimer's dementia susceptibility variants, we examined their relationship to a wide range of clinical, molecular and neuropathological features. Because the effect size of individual variants is typically small, we utilized a polygenic (overall) risk approach to identify the global impact of Alzheimer's dementia susceptibility variants. Under this approach, each individual has a polygenic risk score (PRS) that we related to clinical, molecular and neuropathological phenotypes. Applying this approach to 1,272 individuals who came to autopsy from one of two longitudinal aging cohorts, we observed that an individual's PRS was associated with cognitive decline and brain pathologies including beta-amyloid, tau-tangles, hippocampal sclerosis, and TDP-43, MIR132, four proteins including VGF, IGFBP5, and STX1A, and many chromosomal regions decorated with acetylation on histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9Ac). While excluding the APOE/TOMM40 region (containing the single largest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's dementia) in the calculation of the PRS resulted in a slightly weaker association with the molecular signatures, results remained significant. These PRS-associated brain pathologies and molecular signatures appear to mediate genetic risk, as they attenuated the association of the PRS with cognitive decline. Notably, the PRS induced changes in H3K9Ac throughout the genome, implicating it in large-scale chromatin changes. Thus, the PRS for Alzheimer's dementia (AD-PRS) showed effects on diverse clinical, molecular, and pathological systems, ranging from the epigenome to specific proteins. These convergent targets of a large number of genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's dementia will help define the experimental systems and models needed to test therapeutic targets, which are expected to be broadly effective in the aging population that carries diverse genetic risks for Alzheimer's dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Statistics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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138
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Jetten AM. GLIS1-3 transcription factors: critical roles in the regulation of multiple physiological processes and diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3473-3494. [PMID: 29779043 PMCID: PMC6123274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins form one of the largest families of transcription factors. They function as key regulators of embryonic development and a wide range of other physiological processes, and are implicated in a variety of pathologies. GLI-similar 1-3 (GLIS1-3) constitute a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins that act either as activators or repressors of gene transcription. GLIS3 plays a critical role in the regulation of multiple biological processes and is a key regulator of pancreatic β cell generation and maturation, insulin gene expression, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, spermatogenesis, and the maintenance of normal kidney functions. Loss of GLIS3 function in humans and mice leads to the development of several pathologies, including neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism, polycystic kidney disease, and infertility. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in GLIS3 genes have been associated with increased risk of several diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, glaucoma, and neurological disorders. GLIS2 plays a critical role in the kidney and GLIS2 dysfunction leads to nephronophthisis, an end-stage, cystic renal disease. In addition, GLIS1-3 have regulatory functions in several stem/progenitor cell populations. GLIS1 and GLIS3 greatly enhance reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells into induced embryonic stem cells, while GLIS2 inhibits reprogramming. Recent studies have obtained substantial mechanistic insights into several physiological processes regulated by GLIS2 and GLIS3, while a little is still known about the physiological functions of GLIS1. The localization of some GLIS proteins to the primary cilium suggests that their activity may be regulated by a downstream primary cilium-associated signaling pathway. Insights into the upstream GLIS signaling pathway may provide opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies for diabetes, hypothyroidism, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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139
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Genome-wide association study for variants that modulate relationships between cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-beta 42, tau, and p-tau levels. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:86. [PMID: 30153862 PMCID: PMC6114488 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background A relationship quantitative trait locus exists when the correlation between multiple traits varies by genotype for that locus. Relationship quantitative trait loci (rQTL) are often involved in gene-by-gene (G×G) interactions or gene-by-environmental interactions, making them a powerful tool for detecting G×G. Methods We performed genome-wide association studies to identify rQTL between tau and Aβ42 and ptau and Aβ42 with over 3000 individuals using age, gender, series, APOE ε2, APOE ε4, and two principal components for population structure as covariates. Each significant rQTL was separately screened for interactions with other loci for each trait in the rQTL model. Parametric bootstrapping was used to assess significance. Results We found four significant tau/Aβ42 rQTL from three unique locations and six ptau/Aβ42 rQTL from five unique locations. G×G screens with these rQTL produced four significant G×G interactions (one Aβ42, two ptau, and one tau) with four rQTL where each second locus was from a unique location. On follow-up, rs1036819 and rs74025622 were associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) case/control status; rs15205 and rs79099429 were associated with rate of decline. Conclusions The two most significant rQTL (rs8027714 and rs1036819) for ptau/Aβ42 are on different chromosomes and both are strong hits for pelvic organ prolapse. While diseases of the nervous system can cause pelvic organ prolapse, it is unlikely related to the ptau/Aβ42 relationship but may suggest that these two loci share a pathway. In addition to a ptau/Aβ42 rQTL and association with AD case/control status, rs1036819 is a strong rQTL for case/control status/Aβ42 and for tau/Aβ42. It resides in the ZFAT gene, which is related to autoimmune thyroid disease. For tau, rs9817620 interacts with the tau/Aβ42 rQTL rs74025622. It is in the CHL1 gene, which is a neural cell adhesion molecule and may be involved in signal transduction pathways. CHL1 is related to BACE1, which is a β-secretase enzyme that initiates production of the β-amyloid peptide involved in AD and is a primary drug target. Overall, there are numerous loci that affect the relationship between these important AD endophenotypes and some are due to interactions with other loci. Some affect the risk of AD and/or rate of progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0410-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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140
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Liu G, Zhao Y, Jin S, Hu Y, Wang T, Tian R, Han Z, Xu D, Jiang Q. Circulating vitamin E levels and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:189.e1-189.e9. [PMID: 30174138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. It is more than 50 years since vitamin E was recognized as critical for optimal neurological health. Clinical studies have yielded inconsistent findings on the effect of vitamin E on AD risk. Thus, it remains unclear whether vitamin E levels are genetically associated with AD risk. We performed a Mendelian randomization study to investigate association of circulating vitamin E levels with AD using large-scale vitamin E genome-wide association study data set (N = 7781 individuals of European descent) and AD genome-wide association study data set (N = 54,162 individuals [including 17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls of European descent]). Mendelian randomization-Egger intercept test showed no significant pleiotropy (β = -0.113; p = 0.296). Inverse-variance weighted (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.47-1.94, p = 0.936) and weighted median analyses (odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.35-3.69, p = 0.836) showed no significant association between vitamin E and AD. Together with previous literature, this suggests that vitamin E supplementation may not forestall AD in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyou Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shuilin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhifa Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Harbin University, Harbin, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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Sharma S, Young RJ, Chen J, Chen X, Oh EC, Schiller MR. Minimotifs dysfunction is pervasive in neurodegenerative disorders. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2018; 4:414-432. [PMID: 30225339 PMCID: PMC6139474 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Minimotifs are modular contiguous peptide sequences in proteins that are important for posttranslational modifications, binding to other molecules, and trafficking to specific subcellular compartments. Some molecular functions of proteins in cellular pathways can be predicted from minimotif consensus sequences identified through experimentation. While a role for minimotifs in regulating signal transduction and gene regulation during disease pathogenesis (such as infectious diseases and cancer) is established, the therapeutic use of minimotif mimetic drugs is limited. In this review, we discuss a general theme identifying a pervasive role of minimotifs in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond their longstanding history in the genetics of familial neurodegeneration, minimotifs are also major players in neurotoxic protein aggregation, aberrant protein trafficking, and epigenetic regulation. Generalizing the importance of minimotifs in neurodegenerative diseases offers a new perspective for the future study of neurodegenerative mechanisms and the investigation of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Richard J. Young
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Psychology, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Edwin C. Oh
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Martin R. Schiller
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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142
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DNA methylation analysis on purified neurons and glia dissects age and Alzheimer's disease-specific changes in the human cortex. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:41. [PMID: 30045751 PMCID: PMC6058387 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) based on human brain samples allow a deep and direct understanding of epigenetic dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, strong variation of cell-type proportions across brain tissue samples represents a significant source of data noise. Here, we report the first EWAS based on sorted neuronal and non-neuronal (mostly glia) nuclei from postmortem human brain tissues. Results We show that cell sorting strongly enhances the robust detection of disease-related DNA methylation changes even in a relatively small cohort. We identify numerous genes with cell-type-specific methylation signatures and document differential methylation dynamics associated with aging specifically in neurons such as CLU, SYNJ2 and NCOR2 or in glia RAI1,CXXC5 and INPP5A. Further, we found neuron or glia-specific associations with AD Braak stage progression at genes such as MCF2L, ANK1, MAP2, LRRC8B, STK32C and S100B. A comparison of our study with previous tissue-based EWAS validates multiple AD-associated DNA methylation signals and additionally specifies their origin to neuron, e.g., HOXA3 or glia (ANK1). In a meta-analysis, we reveal two novel previously unrecognized methylation changes at the key AD risk genes APP and ADAM17. Conclusions Our data highlight the complex interplay between disease, age and cell-type-specific methylation changes in AD risk genes thus offering new perspectives for the validation and interpretation of large EWAS results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-018-0211-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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143
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APOE and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence Mounts that Targeting APOE4 may Combat Alzheimer's Pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2450-2465. [PMID: 30032423 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an immutable neurodegenerative disease featured by the two hallmark brain pathologies that are the extracellular amyloid ß (Aß) and intraneuronal tau protein. People carrying the APOE4 allele are at high risk of AD concerning the ones carrying the ε3 allele, while the ε2 allele abates risk. ApoE isoforms exert a central role in controlling the transport of brain lipid, neuronal signaling, mitochondrial function, glucose metabolism, and neuroinflammation. Regardless of widespread indispensable studies, the appropriate function of APOE in AD etiology stays ambiguous. Existing proof recommends that the disparate outcomes of ApoE isoforms on Aβ accretion and clearance have a distinct function in AD pathogenesis. ApoE-lipoproteins combine diverse cell-surface receptors to transport lipids and moreover to lipophilic Aβ peptide, that is believed to begin deadly events that generate neurodegeneration in the AD. ApoE has great influence in tau pathogenesis, tau-mediated neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation, as well as α-synucleinopathy, lipid metabolism, and synaptic plasticity despite the presence of Aβ pathology. ApoE4 shows the deleterious effect for AD while the lack of ApoE4 is defensive. Therapeutic strategies primarily depend on APOE suggest to lessen the noxious effects of ApoE4 and reestablish the protective aptitudes of ApoE. This appraisal represents the critical interactions of APOE and AD pathology, existing facts on ApoE levels in the central nervous system (CNS), and the credible active stratagems for AD therapy by aiming ApoE. This review also highlighted utmost ApoE targeting therapeutic tactics that are crucial for controlling Alzheimer's pathogenesis.
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144
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Rao S, Ghani M, Guo Z, Deming Y, Wang K, Sims R, Mao C, Yao Y, Cruchaga C, Stephan DA, Rogaeva E. An APOE-independent cis-eSNP on chromosome 19q13.32 influences tau levels and late-onset Alzheimer's disease risk. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:178.e1-178.e8. [PMID: 29395286 PMCID: PMC7050280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) have been identified, a large portion of the genetic risk for this disease remains unexplained. LOAD risk may be associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for changes in gene expression (eSNPs). To detect eSNPs associated with LOAD, we integrated data from LOAD genome-wide association studies and expression quantitative trait loci using Sherlock (a Bayesian statistical method). We identified a cis-regulatory eSNP (rs2927438) located on chromosome 19q13.32, for which subsequent analyses confirmed the association with both LOAD risk and the expression level of several nearby genes. Importantly, rs2927438 may represent an APOE-independent LOAD eSNP according to the weak linkage disequilibrium of rs2927438 with the 2 polymorphisms (rs7412 and rs429358) defining the APOE-ε2, -ε3, and -ε4 alleles. Furthermore, rs2927438 does not influence chromatin interaction events at the APOE locus or cis-regulation of APOE expression. Further exploratory analysis revealed that rs2927438 is significantly associated with tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Our findings suggest that rs2927438 may confer APOE-independent risk for LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Rao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Mahdi Ghani
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Canquan Mao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dietrich A Stephan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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145
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Chung J, Wang X, Maruyama T, Ma Y, Zhang X, Mez J, Sherva R, Takeyama H, Lunetta KL, Farrer LA, Jun GR. Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease endophenotypes at prediagnosis stages. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:623-633. [PMID: 29274321 PMCID: PMC5938137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic associations for endophenotypes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cognitive stages preceding AD have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS We conducted genome-wide association studies for AD-related endophenotypes including hippocampal volume, logical memory scores, and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and total/phosphorylated tau in cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. RESULTS In CN subjects, study-wide significant (P < 8.3 × 10-9) loci were identified for total tau near SRRM4 and C14orf79 and for hippocampal volume near MTUS1. In mild cognitive impairment subjects, study-wide significant association was found with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near ZNF804B for logical memory test of delayed recall scores. We found consistent expression patterns of C14orf40 and MTUS1 in carriers with risk alleles of expression SNPs and in brains of AD patients, compared with in the noncarriers and in brains of controls. DISCUSSION Our findings for AD-related brain changes before AD provide insight about early AD-related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoon Chung
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xulong Wang
- Neurogenetics and Integrated Genomics, Andover Innovative Medicines (AiM) Institute, Eisai Inc, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Life Science & Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Computational Bio-Big Data Open Innovation Lab, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science & Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Computational Bio-Big Data Open Innovation Lab, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Neurogenetics and Integrated Genomics, Andover Innovative Medicines (AiM) Institute, Eisai Inc, Andover, MA, USA.
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146
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Tan CH, Desikan RS. Interpreting Alzheimer disease polygenic scores. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:443-445. [PMID: 29394507 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hong Tan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA
| | - Rahul S Desikan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA
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147
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the evidence for genetic modifier effects in the neurodegenerative diseases Huntington's Disease (HD), Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Parkinson's Disease (PD). RECENT FINDINGS Increasingly, we understand human disease genetics less through the lens of single-locus/single-trait effects, and more through that of polygenic contributions to disease risk. In addition, specific examples of genetic modifier effects of the chromosome 7 gene TMEM106B on various target genes including those causal for Mendelian classes of FTLD - GRN and c9orf72 - have emerged from both genetic cohort studies and mechanistic examinations of biological pathways. SUMMARY Here, we summarize the literature reporting genetic modifier effects in HD, FTLD, AD, and PD. We further contextualize reported genetic modifier effects in these diseases in terms of insight they may lend to the concept of a polygenic landscape for the major neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimansha Jain
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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148
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Kiddle SJ, Voyle N, Dobson RJB. A Blood Test for Alzheimer's Disease: Progress, Challenges, and Recommendations. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S289-S297. [PMID: 29614671 PMCID: PMC6010156 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of APOEɛ4 around 25 years ago, researchers have been excited about the potential of a blood test for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since then researchers have looked for genetic, protein, metabolite, and/or gene expression markers of AD and related phenotypes. However, no blood test for AD is yet being used in the clinical setting. We first review the trends and challenges in AD blood biomarker research, before giving our personal recommendations to help researchers overcome these challenges. While some degree of consistency and replication has been seen across independent studies, several high-profile studies have seemingly failed to replicate. Partly due to academic incentives, there is a reluctance in the field to report predictive ability, to publish negative findings, and to independently replicate the work of others. If this can be addressed, then we will know sooner whether a blood test for AD or related phenotypes with clinical utility can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Kiddle
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK, SE5 8AF
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Nicola Voyle
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK, SE5 8AF
| | - Richard JB Dobson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK, SE5 8AF
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK, SE5 8AF
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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149
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Ibanez L, Dube U, Saef B, Budde J, Black K, Medvedeva A, Del-Aguila JL, Davis AA, Perlmutter JS, Harari O, Benitez BA, Cruchaga C. Parkinson disease polygenic risk score is associated with Parkinson disease status and age at onset but not with alpha-synuclein cerebrospinal fluid levels. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:198. [PMID: 29141588 PMCID: PMC5688622 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic architecture of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is complex and not completely understood. Multiple genetic studies to date have identified multiple causal genes and risk loci. Nevertheless, most of the expected genetic heritability remains unexplained. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) may provide greater statistical power and inform about the genetic architecture of multiple phenotypes. The aim of this study was to test the association between PRS and PD risk, age at onset and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (α-synuclein, Aβ1-42, t-tau and p-tau). METHODS The weighted PRS was created using the genome-wide loci from Nalls et al., 2014 PD GWAs meta-analysis. The PRS was tested for association with PD status, age at onset and CSF biomarker levels in 829 cases and 432 controls of European ancestry. RESULTS The PRS was associated with PD status (p = 5.83×10-08) and age at onset (p = 5.70×10-07). The CSF t-tau levels showed a nominal association with the PRS (p = 0.02). However, CSF α-synuclein, amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau were not found to be associated with the PRS. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that there is an overlap in the genetic architecture of PD risk and onset, although the different loci present different weights for those phenotypes. In our dataset we found a marginal association of the PRS with CSF t-tau but not with α-synuclein CSF levels, suggesting that the genetic architecture for the CSF biomarker levels is different from that of PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Umber Dube
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin Saef
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandra Medvedeva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jorge L Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert A Davis
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA. .,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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150
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Shi Y, Yamada K, Liddelow SA, Smith ST, Zhao L, Luo W, Tsai RM, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Rojas JC, Gallardo G, Wang K, Roh J, Robinson G, Finn MB, Jiang H, Sullivan PM, Baufeld C, Wood MW, Sutphen C, McCue L, Xiong C, Del-Aguila JL, Morris JC, Cruchaga C, Fagan AM, Miller BL, Boxer AL, Seeley WW, Butovsky O, Barres BA, Paul SM, Holtzman DM. ApoE4 markedly exacerbates tau-mediated neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy. Nature 2017; 549:523-527. [PMID: 28959956 PMCID: PMC5641217 DOI: 10.1038/nature24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease. ApoE4 increases brain amyloid-β pathology relative to other ApoE isoforms. However, whether APOE independently influences tau pathology, the other major proteinopathy of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies, or tau-mediated neurodegeneration, is not clear. By generating P301S tau transgenic mice on either a human ApoE knock-in (KI) or ApoE knockout (KO) background, here we show that P301S/E4 mice have significantly higher tau levels in the brain and a greater extent of somatodendritic tau redistribution by three months of age compared with P301S/E2, P301S/E3, and P301S/EKO mice. By nine months of age, P301S mice with different ApoE genotypes display distinct phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) staining patterns. P301S/E4 mice develop markedly more brain atrophy and neuroinflammation than P301S/E2 and P301S/E3 mice, whereas P301S/EKO mice are largely protected from these changes. In vitro, E4-expressing microglia exhibit higher innate immune reactivity after lipopolysaccharide treatment. Co-culturing P301S tau-expressing neurons with E4-expressing mixed glia results in a significantly higher level of tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion and markedly reduced neuronal viability compared with neuron/E2 and neuron/E3 co-cultures. Neurons co-cultured with EKO glia showed the greatest viability with the lowest level of secreted TNF-α. Treatment of P301S neurons with recombinant ApoE (E2, E3, E4) also leads to some neuronal damage and death compared with the absence of ApoE, with ApoE4 exacerbating the effect. In individuals with a sporadic primary tauopathy, the presence of an ε4 allele is associated with more severe regional neurodegeneration. In individuals who are positive for amyloid-β pathology with symptomatic Alzheimer disease who usually have tau pathology, ε4-carriers demonstrate greater rates of disease progression. Our results demonstrate that ApoE affects tau pathogenesis, neuroinflammation, and tau-mediated neurodegeneration independently of amyloid-β pathology. ApoE4 exerts a 'toxic' gain of function whereas the absence of ApoE is protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kaoru Yamada
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shane Antony Liddelow
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott T Smith
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family
Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell
University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family
Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell
University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard M. Tsai
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - Julio C. Rojas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gilbert Gallardo
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kairuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph Roh
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grace Robinson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri School of
Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary Beth Finn
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrick M Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
Veterans Health Administration Medical Center’s Geriatric Research,
Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Baufeld
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Courtney Sutphen
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lena McCue
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St
Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St
Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jorge L. Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine,
660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine,
660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School
of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam L. Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ben A. Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven M. Paul
- Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Feil Family
Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell
University, New York, NY, USA
- Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders,
Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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