101
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Mechanism of Change in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Image and Self-Care on ART Adherence Among Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:2711-2717. [PMID: 29752620 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Body image disturbance is a common problem reported among sexual minority men living with HIV, and is associated with poor antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Recently, a novel integrated intervention (cognitive behavioral therapy for body image and self-care; CBT-BISC) was developed and pilot tested to simultaneously improve body image and ART adherence in this population. Although CBT-BISC has demonstrated preliminary efficacy in improving ART adherence, the mechanisms of change are unknown. Utilizing data from a two-armed randomized controlled trial (N = 44 sexual minority men living with HIV), comparing CBT-BISC to an enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) condition, sequential process mediation via latent difference scores was assessed, with changes in body image disturbance entered as the mechanism between treatment condition and changes in ART adherence. Participants assigned to CBT-BISC reported statistically significant reductions in body image disturbance post-intervention, which subsequently predicted changes in ART adherence from post-intervention to long term follow-up (b = 20.01, SE = 9.11, t = 2.19, p = 0.028). One pathway in which CBT-BISC positively impacts ART adherence is through reductions in body image disturbance. Body image disturbance represents one, of likely several, mechanism that prospectively predicts ART adherence among sexual minority men living with HIV.
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102
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Robbins AR, Reissing ED. Out of "Objectification Limelight"? The Contribution of Body Appreciation to Sexual Adjustment in Midlife Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:758-771. [PMID: 29028446 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1372352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
According to objectification theory, women become culturally desexualized during midlife and have the opportunity to let go of their propensity to self-objectify. In young women, self-objectification is negatively related to sexual adjustment. Yet little is known about what could ameliorate this relationship or whether it continues after midlife. Body appreciation (i.e., acceptance and positive regard for the body) has been substantiated as a contributor to improved sexual adjustment in young and older women alike. Hence, this study was designed to examine whether it helps mitigate the deleterious effect of self-objectification on sexual function, satisfaction, and distress in women over the age of 50 (n = 193). Path analyses revealed that self-surveillance is related to body shame and appearance anxiety, the latter of which was related to body self-consciousness during sex. In turn, body self-consciousness during sex mediated the relationship between body shame, appearance anxiety, and all three indicators of sexual adjustment. Furthermore, high body appreciation attenuated the negative associations between self-objectification constructs, body self-consciousness during sex, and sexual satisfaction and distress. Overall, this study supports the use of objectification theory in midlife and older women. Sex therapy interventions that incorporate mindfulness and body appreciation principles are discussed.
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103
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Essayli JH, Murakami JM, Latner JD. Perceived Sexual Orientation of Men and Women with Eating Disorders and Obesity. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2018; 66:735-745. [PMID: 29863964 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1484228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the perceived sexual orientation of hypothetical men and women with various eating disorders and obesity. Undergraduates were randomly provided with one vignette describing a male or female with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder, or obesity and were asked about the target's likely sexual orientation. Significant differences emerged between male and female targets with AN and BN on the forced-choice question, with a greater percentage of participants indicating that the male targets were probably non-heterosexual. On continuous items, participants rated the female targets as significantly more likely to be heterosexual and significantly less likely to be homosexual than male targets. The general public may be more likely to perceive men with eating disorders as gay or bisexual relative to females with eating disorders. Perceived sexual orientation might be an important factor to consider when exploring the potentially unique perspectives of men with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal H Essayli
- a Department of Psychology , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
- b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Jessica M Murakami
- a Department of Psychology , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
| | - Janet D Latner
- a Department of Psychology , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
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104
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Badenes-Ribera L, Fabris MA, Longobardi C. The relationship between internalized homonegativity and body image concerns in sexual minority men: a meta-analysis. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2018.1476905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Badenes-Ribera
- Faculty of Psychology. Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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105
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Meneguzzo P, Collantoni E, Gallicchio D, Busetto P, Solmi M, Santonastaso P, Favaro A. Eating disorders symptoms in sexual minority women: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:275-292. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Busetto
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | | | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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106
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Robbins AR, Reissing ED. Appearance Dissatisfaction, Body Appreciation, and Sexual Health in Women Across Adulthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:703-714. [PMID: 28378092 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-0982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk and protective factors are equally important to the promotion of sexual health. Yet, in body image and sexuality research, most of the focus has been placed on the deleterious effects of appearance dissatisfaction and body mass index (BMI) at the expense of more adaptive dimensions. Furthermore, although age can affect appearance and sexual function, little is known regarding the experience of older women. Therefore, this study was aimed at comparing how positive body image (operationalized as body appreciation) and negative body image (operationalized as appearance dissatisfaction) each contribute to indicators of sexual health when controlling for BMI in a sample of age-varied women. Cross-sectional data were collected online from 215 heterosexual women aged 18-88 years. Results showed that body appreciation was a unique predictor of sexual function, satisfaction, and distress, above and beyond the effect of BMI and appearance dissatisfaction. Body appreciation was not found to fluctuate with age. Further, body appreciation moderated the relationship between age and sexual satisfaction, but not sexual distress. Post hoc analyses showed that high body appreciation may serve as a buffer against age-related changes in sexual satisfaction only in women with clinically significant sexual function difficulties. Increasing body appreciation may be a promising clinical intervention in the treatment of sexual problems in older adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Rose Robbins
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Vanier Hall, Room 3002H, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elke D Reissing
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Vanier Hall, Room 3002H, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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107
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Joy P, Numer M. Queering Educational Practices in Dietetics Training: A Critical Review of LGBTQ Inclusion Strategies. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2018. [PMID: 29543497 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2018-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer people (LGBTQ) have unique concerns regarding their nutritional health while experiencing disparities within the Canadian healthcare system. Dietetic training programs often do not provide adequate knowledge or skills to students to be competent in meeting the needs of this population. Drawing from literature from other health programs, this paper outlines key strategies to the integration of LGBTQ curriculum into dietetic training programs. LGBTQ training can help students gain cultural competencies, knowledge and understanding of the LGBTQ communities, and the nutritional concerns within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Joy
- a School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS
| | - Matthew Numer
- a School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS
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108
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Chow CM, Tan CC. The role of fat talk in eating pathology and depressive symptoms among mother-daughter dyads. Body Image 2018; 24:36-43. [PMID: 29258015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated how eating pathology and depressive symptoms were related to the dyadic dynamics of fat talk in mother-daughter relationships during adolescence. The current sample included 100 mother-daughter dyads who completed a survey on their fat talk disclosure, eating pathology, and depressive symptoms. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) was utilized for the dyadic data. Adolescent girls' and mothers' engagement in fat talk was related to their own eating pathology. Daughters, but not mothers, who engaged in more fat talk reported more depressive symptoms. When mothers and daughters both had high levels of fat talk, it was associated with a higher risk of daughters' eating pathology. Adolescent girls who engaged in fat talk reported higher depressive symptoms when their mothers did not reciprocate with more fat talk. This study highlights the importance of an interpersonal approach to fat talk research and clinical interventions addressing adolescents' eating disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cin Cin Tan
- Eastern Michigan University, United States; University of Michigan, United States
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109
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Anderson JR, Holland E, Koc Y, Haslam N. iObjectify: Self‐ and other‐objectification on Grindr, a geosocial networking application designed for men who have sex with men. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel R. Anderson
- School of Psychology Australian Catholic University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Elise Holland
- School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Australia
| | - Yasin Koc
- School of Psychology University of Sussex Brighton UK
| | - Nick Haslam
- School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne Australia
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110
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Stock NM, Feragen KB, Rumsey N. Adults’ Narratives of Growing up with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Factors Associated with Psychological Adjustment. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 53:222-39. [DOI: 10.1597/14-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing up with a cleft lip and/or palate presents a number of challenges for those affected and their families. Understanding why some individuals cope well while others struggle is key to psychological research in this field. A better appreciation of the factors and processes that contribute to psychological adjustment to cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) from the patient perspective would be of value to both researchers and clinicians. Design Qualitative data elicited from individual interviews with 52 adults born with CL/P. Result Inductive thematic analysis identified three main themes: “background” factors (age, gender, sexual orientation, culture, additional conditions, socioeconomic status, and adoption), “external” factors (treatment autonomy, familial coping and support, salience, public understanding, psychological input, and peer support), and “internal” psychological factors (perceptions of difference, noticeability and teasing, social confidence, internalization of beauty ideals, valence, expectations of treatment, responding to challenges, social comparisons, acceptance, faith, dispositional style, and recognition of strengths and positive growth). Conclusions The number and breadth of factors identified in this study are testament to the importance of psychology in the field of CL/P and may offer guidance in relation to developing and assessing the value of psychological interventions. There is a clear role for psychologists in tackling appearance-related concerns, designing materials, supporting patient decision making, and improving social interaction, as well as providing specialist psychological support. The findings illustrate the potential degree of individual variation in perspectives and offer insight into the conflicting results found within current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marie Stock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nichola Rumsey
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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111
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Lemke R, Merz S. The Prevalence and Gratification of Nude Self-Presentation of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Online-Dating Environments: Attracting Attention, Empowerment, and Self-Verification. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2018; 21:16-24. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lemke
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simon Merz
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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112
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Schütteler C, Gerlach AL. Weibliche Homosexualität, Maskulinität und Körperzufriedenheit. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Homosexuelle Frauen sind zufriedener mit ihrem Körper als heterosexuelle Frauen. Homosexualität ist folglich möglicherweise ein Schutzfaktor vor Körperunzufriedenheit. Unklar bleibt der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus für diesen Schutzfaktor. Fragestellung: Es wird untersucht, ob die höhere Körperzufriedenheit auf unterschiedliche Geschlechtsrollen, insbesondere Maskulinität, rückführbar ist. Methode: Diese Frage wurde an einer Stichprobe von N = 478 Frauen mittels einer Mediatoranalyse beantwortet. Ergebnisse: Homosexuelle Frauen waren zufriedener mit ihrem Körper als Heterosexuelle und erreichten höhere Werte für Maskulinität. Maskulinität mediierte den Unterschied bezüglich Körperzufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerungen: Teilweise vermittelt über Maskulinität, kann weibliche Homosexualität als Schutzfaktor vor Körperunzufriedenheit angesehen werden.
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113
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Markey CH, Gillen MM, August KJ, Markey PM, Nave CS. Does "body talk" improve body satisfaction among same-sex couples? Body Image 2017; 23:103-108. [PMID: 28938226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests the important role of romantic partners in shaping how individuals feel about their bodies (e.g., Markey & Markey, 2013, 2014), but the processes that result in changes in body satisfaction within relationships have rarely been examined. To investigate how partners may potentially affect body image, 72 lesbian couples and 72 gay male couples (total N=288) completed body image assessments on their own and with the help of their partners. Multilevel modeling revealed that both men and women reported an improvement in body satisfaction after talking with their partners while completing the body image assessment together. Improvement in body satisfaction appeared to result from participants' reconsideration of their body ideals, not their appraisal of their current bodies. Implications of these findings for improving body image in the context of relationships are discussed.
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114
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Griffiths S, Murray SB, Medeiros A, Blashill AJ. The tall and the short of it: An investigation of height ideals, height preferences, height dissatisfaction, heightism, and height-related quality of life impairment among sexual minority men. Body Image 2017; 23:146-154. [PMID: 29031097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human height has attracted empirical interest from a variety of psychological perspectives. However, little research has explored height from the perspective of sexual minority men, inclusive of their height beliefs, height preferences, height dissatisfaction, experiences of heightism, and height-related quality of life impairment. We explored these height variables in 2733 sexual minority men who completed a survey distributed nationwide to Australian and New Zealander users of geosocial-networking smartphone applications. Results showed that men's ideal height (M=182.26cm, SD=5.93cm) was taller than their actual height (M=178.96cm, SD=7.52cm). Shorter and taller men reported negative and positive treatment from others due to their height, respectively, with the cross-over (i.e., neutral) point at approximately 175-176cm. Heightism was reported by 11.0% of men. Height dissatisfaction and heightism were uniquely associated with quality of life impairment; the size of these associations was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aimee Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA, United States; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, CA, United States
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115
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A pilot controlled trial of a cognitive dissonance-based body dissatisfaction intervention with young British men. Body Image 2017; 23:93-102. [PMID: 28917215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study evaluated a body image intervention for men, Body Project M. Seventy-four British undergraduate men took part in two 90-min intervention sessions, and completed standardised assessments of body image, bulimic pathology, and related outcomes at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Fifty-three other men completed the questionnaires as an assessment-only control group. Per-protocol analysis showed that Body Project M improved men's dissatisfaction with body fat and muscularity, body appreciation, muscularity enhancing behaviours, appearance comparisons, and internalization (ds=0.46-0.80) at post-intervention. All except dissatisfaction with muscularity and internalization were sustained at 3-month follow-up. No effects were found for bulimic pathology. Post-intervention effects for dissatisfaction with muscularity and internalization only were retained under intention-to-treat analysis. Participants were favourable towards the intervention. This study provides preliminary evidence for the acceptability and post-intervention efficacy of Body Project M. Further development of the intervention is required to improve and sustain effects.
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116
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Gao Y, Wei EK, Arron ST, Linos E, Margolis DJ, Mansh MD. Acne, sexual orientation, and mental health among young adults in the United States: A population-based, cross-sectional study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:971-973. [PMID: 29029907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Esther K Wei
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David J Margolis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew D Mansh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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117
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Schaumberg K, Welch E, Breithaupt L, Hübel C, Baker JH, Munn-Chernoff MA, Yilmaz Z, Ehrlich S, Mustelin L, Ghaderi A, Hardaway AJ, Bulik-Sullivan EC, Hedman AM, Jangmo A, Nilsson IAK, Wiklund C, Yao S, Seidel M, Bulik CM. The Science Behind the Academy for Eating Disorders' Nine Truths About Eating Disorders. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:432-450. [PMID: 28967161 PMCID: PMC5711426 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2015, the Academy for Eating Disorders collaborated with international patient, advocacy, and parent organizations to craft the 'Nine Truths About Eating Disorders'. This document has been translated into over 30 languages and has been distributed globally to replace outdated and erroneous stereotypes about eating disorders with factual information. In this paper, we review the state of the science supporting the 'Nine Truths'. METHODS The literature supporting each of the 'Nine Truths' was reviewed, summarized and richly annotated. RESULTS Most of the 'Nine Truths' arise from well-established foundations in the scientific literature. Additional evidence is required to further substantiate some of the assertions in the document. Future investigations are needed in all areas to deepen our understanding of eating disorders, their causes and their treatments. CONCLUSIONS The 'Nine Truths About Eating Disorders' is a guiding document to accelerate global dissemination of accurate and evidence-informed information about eating disorders. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Schaumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elisabeth Welch
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauren Breithaupt
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorder Treatment and Research Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Mustelin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Public Health and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ata Ghaderi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Hardaway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emily C Bulik-Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna M Hedman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Jangmo
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida A K Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Seidel
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorder Treatment and Research Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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118
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Antfolk J, Ålgars M, Holmgård L, Santtila P. Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in androphilic and gynephilic men and women. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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119
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SantaBarbara NJ, Whitworth JW, Ciccolo JT. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Resistance Training on Body Image. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:2880-2888. [PMID: 28723817 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and appraise the literature that has specifically tested the independent effects of resistance training (i.e., weightlifting) on body image in adults. A comprehensive search of electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, and Web of Science for relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals through December 2016 was conducted, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Inclusion criteria were that a study had to be (a) written in English, (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal, (c) conducted an assessment of body image using a validated scale before and after a stand-alone resistance training intervention (i.e., not coupled with another mode of treatment), and (d) excluded participants younger than 18 years. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 7,324 studies were identified, and 11 were included in this review. The majority (8 of 11) of studies concluded that resistance training can significantly improve multiple dimensions of body image, including body satisfaction, appearance evaluation, and social physique anxiety; however, only 3 studies were considered high quality based on their PEDro score, and several methodological limitations exist. Overall, resistance training seems to have the potential to improve body image in adults, but future high-quality studies with more rigorous testing methods and study designs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J SantaBarbara
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
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120
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Fasoli F, Maass A, Sulpizio S. Stereotypical Disease Inferences From Gay/Lesbian Versus Heterosexual Voices. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2017; 65:990-1014. [PMID: 28841093 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1364945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Voice is a cue used to categorize speakers as members of social groups, including sexual orientation. We investigate the consequences of such voice-based categorization, showing that people infer stereotype-congruent disease likelihood on the basis of vocal information and without explicit information about the speaker's sexual orientation. Study 1 and Study 2 reveal that participants attribute diseases to gay/lesbian and heterosexual men and women in line with stereotypes. Gay speakers were more likely to be associated with gay and female diseases, and lesbian speakers with male diseases. These findings demonstrate that likelihood to suffer from diseases is erroneously, but stereotypically, inferred from targets' vocal information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fasoli
- a School of Psychology , University of Surrey , Guildford , UK
| | - Anne Maass
- b Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization , University of Padua , Padova , Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- c Faculty of Psychology , Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan , Italy
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121
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Eliason MJ, Sanchez-Vaznaugh EV, Stupplebeen D. Relationships between Sexual Orientation, Weight, and Health in a Population-Based Sample of California Women. Womens Health Issues 2017; 27:600-606. [PMID: 28551076 PMCID: PMC6816305 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most biomedical research has reported associations between weight and physical health problems; little is known about whether those associations vary by sexual identity. METHODS Pooled data from the 2003 through 2013 waves of the California Health Interview Survey was used to construct logistic regression models to examine whether the associations between weight and four chronic conditions (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and asthma) varied by sexual identity. RESULTS A total of 97,720 heterosexual and 2,822 lesbian/bisexual women comprised the analytic sample. There was a significant interaction between weight status and sexual identity (p < .001) for all four chronic diseases. Among lesbian/bisexual women, weight status was positively associated with heart disease, hypertension, asthma, and diabetes, although the associations between any weight status and heart disease, and between overweight and asthma, were not statistically significant. Among heterosexual women, weight status was positively and significantly associated with heart disease, hypertension, asthma, and diabetes. Except for overweight and heart disease, these associations remained significant after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of disaggregating analyses by sexual identity in studies that examine weight-chronic disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Stupplebeen
- San Francisco State University and Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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122
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Blashill AJ, Rooney BM, Wells KJ. An integrated model of skin cancer risk in sexual minority males. J Behav Med 2017; 41:99-108. [PMID: 28815351 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sexual minority males are an at-risk group for developing skin cancer. Elevated rates of skin cancer among this population are thought to be driven by excess indoor tanning; however, motivations to indoor tan among this population are unknown. Theoretically, appearance-based and affect regulation motives may be proximal predictors of increased indoor tanning in this population. The current study tests an integrated biopsychosocial model of indoor tanning behaviors and future intentions among a sample of sexual minority males. Participants were 231 sexual minority males, between the age of 14 and 35 years, residing in San Diego County, California, who completed a battery of self-report questionnaires online. Constructs assessed included skin tone, perceived susceptibility to skin cancer, sociocultural pressures to tan, appearance-based motives to tan, affect regulation in regard to indoor tanning, indoor tanning behaviors over the previous 3 months, and future intentions to indoor tan. The three proposed proximal predictors of indoor tanning all displayed significant pathways; however, results varied depending upon the specific outcome measure modeled. Affect regulation was significantly associated with increased odds of indoor tanning, and future intentions to indoor tan. Increased appearance reasons to tan were significantly associated with future intentions to indoor tan, while increased appearance reasons not to tan were significantly associated with fewer number of indoor tanning sessions. Results underscore the unique pathways of affect regulation and appearance-based motives in indoor tanning behaviors. Skin cancer prevention programs focusing on sexual minority males may wish to address affect and appearance concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Blashill
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct. Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA. .,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Rooney
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct. Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
| | - Kristen J Wells
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct. Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA.,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
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123
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Hosking W, Lyons A, van der Rest B. The Mental Health Impact of Physical Appearance Concerns in the Context of Other Life Domains Among Australian Gay Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1453-1464. [PMID: 27480751 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified gay men as a high-risk population for body image disturbances. However, little research has examined the mental health impact of gay men's physical appearance concerns in the context of other major life domains. The present study addressed this gap by investigating how mental health outcomes (satisfaction with life, self-esteem, positive well-being, and psychological distress) were associated with satisfaction with and importance of physical appearance, work, family relationships, friendships, health and fitness, and sex life among Australian gay men aged 18-39. The possible moderating role of intimate relationship status was also examined. Results from an online survey revealed that greater satisfaction with physical appearance, work, family, and friendships all had similar positive associations with mental health. However, more importance placed on physical appearance was more consistently associated with poorer mental health compared with the subjective importance of other domains. Findings also indicated the associations between physical appearance satisfaction and life satisfaction, and between physical appearance importance and positive well-being, were weaker for those in relationships. Thus, physical appearance matters in gay men's lives, but was only one factor when considered in the broader context of other life areas that contributed to overall well-being. These findings suggest the need for a nuanced and contextualized understanding of how physical appearance concerns fit into gay men's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick Hosking
- Psychology Discipline, College of Arts, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brittany van der Rest
- Psychology Discipline, College of Arts, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
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124
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Abstract
Although sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender women have become increasingly visible in recent years and have made progress in achieving civil rights, they continue to face significant levels of discrimination, stigma, and physical violence. As a result, each group faces a wide variety of health disparities, including mental illness and substance use disorders. Overall, both SMW and transgender women experience higher rates of mood and anxiety disorders, suicidality, and substance use disorders than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. This article is a general introduction to these issues and concludes with recommendations for working with sexual minority and transgender women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Schulman
- Department of Psychiatry, Allen Hospital, 5141 Broadway, 3 River East, New York, NY 10034, USA.
| | - Laura Erickson-Schroth
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, 10 Nathan D. Perlman Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
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125
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Blashill AJ, Safren SA, Wilhelm S, Jampel J, Taylor SW, O'Cleirigh C, Mayer KH. Cognitive behavioral therapy for body image and self-care (CBT-BISC) in sexual minority men living with HIV: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2017; 36:937-946. [PMID: 28541068 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body image disturbance is a distressing and interfering problem among many sexual minority men living with HIV, and is associated with elevated depressive symptoms and poor HIV self-care (e.g., antiretroviral therapy [ART] nonadherence). The current study tested the preliminary efficacy of a newly created intervention: cognitive-behavioral therapy for body image and self-care (CBT-BISC) for this population. METHOD The current study entailed a 2-arm randomized controlled trial (N = 44) comparing CBT-BISC to an enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) condition. Analyses were conducted at 3 and 6 months after baseline. The primary outcome was body image disturbance (BDD-YBOCS), and secondary outcomes were ART adherence (electronically monitored via Wisepill), depressive symptoms (MADRS), and global functioning (GAF). RESULTS At 3 months, the CBT-BISC condition showed substantial improvement in BDD-YBOCS (b = -13.6, SE = 2.7, 95% CI [-19.0, -8.3], p < .001; dppc2 = 2.39); MADRS (b = -4.9, SE = 2.8, 95% CI [-10.6, .70], p = .086; dppc2 = .87); ART adherence (b = 8.8, SE = 3.3, 95% CI [2.0, 15.6], p = .01; dppc2 = .94); and GAF (b = 12.3, SE = 3.2, 95% CI [6.1, 18.6], p < .001; dppc2 = 2.91) compared with the ETAU condition. Results were generally maintained, or improved, at 6 months; although, adherence findings were mixed depending on the calculation method. CONCLUSIONS CBT-BISC shows preliminary efficacy in the integrated treatment of body image disturbance and HIV self-care behaviors among sexual minority men living with HIV. (PsycINFO Database Record
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126
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Goedel WC, Krebs P, Greene RE, Duncan DT. Associations Between Perceived Weight Status, Body Dissatisfaction, and Self-Objectification on Sexual Sensation Seeking and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Using Grindr. Behav Med 2017; 43:142-150. [PMID: 26808206 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2015.1121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, various dimensions of body image and their associations with condom use have not been studied among men who have sex with men (MSM) who use geosocial-networking smartphone applications ("apps") to meet new sexual partners. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate associations between weight perception, body dissatisfaction, and self-objectification with sexual behaviors among a sample of MSM (N = 92) recruited from Grindr, an app popular among MSM, to complete an online survey. Obese participants scored significantly higher on measures of body dissatisfaction and lower on measures of sexual sensation seeking. Decreased propensities to seek sexual sensations were associated with fewer sexual partners. By assessing associations between dimensions of body dissatisfaction and sexual risk behaviors, this study adds support to a theory of syndemics among MSM, which suggests that synergistically related biological, psychological, social, and behavioral factors disproportionately affect health and health-related behaviors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Goedel
- a Department of Population Health, School of Medicine; College of Global Public Health; and Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Science , New York University
| | - Paul Krebs
- b Department of Population Health, School of Medicine , New York University; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System
| | - Richard E Greene
- c Department of Medicine, School of Medicine; Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development , New York University
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- d Department of Population Health, School of Medicine; College of Global Public Health; Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, and Prevention Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development; Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing; Population Center, College of Arts and Science; and Center for Data Science , New York University
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127
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Ramseyer Winter V. Toward a Relational Understanding of Objectification, Body Image, and Preventive Sexual Health. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:341-350. [PMID: 27419472 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1190807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a wealth of empirical support for objectification theory. Researchers have suggested an extension to the theory that includes risky sexual behaviors as a consequence of body shame. However, there are no known studies that place the association between body image and sexual behavior in the context of the interpersonal sexual relationship. The current study was grounded in objectification theory and relational cultural theory and sought to better understand how negative self-objectification, body appreciation, relationship quality, and preventive sexual health behaviors are related. An online survey was conducted with 399 emerging adult women in the Midwest, and the proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results suggest that, among this sample, negative self-objectification was indirectly related to preventive sexual health behaviors through body appreciation alone and through both body appreciation and relationship quality. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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128
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Swami V, Tovée MJ. The Influence of Body Mass Index on the Physical Attractiveness Preferences of Feminist and Nonfeminist Heterosexual Women and Lesbians. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2006.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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129
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Abstract
This study extends research on objectification theory as it applies to eating disorder symptomatology by examining whether its tenets generalize to women identifying as lesbian. Lesbian women ( N = 181) and a comparison sample of heterosexual women ( N = 196) completed measures of objectification theory constructs (interpersonal sexual objectification, body surveillance, body shame, interoceptive awareness, disordered eating). The model of objectification theory was tested separately for lesbian and heterosexual participants. Path analyses revealed that this model provided a poor fit to the data for the lesbian sample, whereas it provided an excellent fit to the data for the heterosexual sample. Based on the data from the lesbian participants, an exploratory model was evaluated. Overall, findings suggested that the interrelationships among the objectification theory constructs were different and more complex for the lesbian participants than for the heterosexual participants.
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130
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Abstract
The past few decades have seen increased scholarly attention to gay and lesbian individuals' aging experiences; however, few studies examine differences in subjective aging by sexual minority status. We identify four perspectives on the association between sexual minority status and subjective aging-double jeopardy, crisis competence, gender interactive, and limited salience perspectives. We examine each perspective's predictions using data from the first wave of Midlife in the United States (1995-1996; MIDUS). Ordinary least square regression models reveal strongest support for the limited salience perspective, suggesting that sexual minority status has weaker effects on subjective aging than do other social factors, such as age, health, and gender. However, some results provide support for the gender interactive perspective, positing that the effect of sexual minority status on subjective aging varies by gender. Our study provides an organizational framework of theoretical perspectives that can guide further examinations of variation in aging experiences by sexual minority status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Barrett
- 1 Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy and Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Harry Barbee
- 2 Department of Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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131
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Rawana JS, McPhie ML, Hassibi B. Eating- and weight-related factors associated with depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood. Eat Behav 2016; 22:101-108. [PMID: 27179344 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that eating- and weight-related disturbances (EWRDs) are key factors associated with depressive symptoms. However, it is unclear how EWRDs, and to a greater extent body appreciation, are associated with depressive symptoms among emerging adults. This study investigated the association between EWRDs, body appreciation, and depressive symptoms among emerging adults. Female (n=473) and male (n=135) emerging adults completed measures of restrained eating, emotional eating, external eating, drive for muscularity, body appreciation, and depressive symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, performed separately for women and men, found that restrained eating was significantly related to depressive symptoms among both genders, whereas emotional and external eating were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in women only. Body appreciation was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in both genders. The findings highlight the need for clinicians to assess for EWRDs and promote positive body appreciation among emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennine S Rawana
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Meghan L McPhie
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Behzad Hassibi
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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132
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Chow CM, Tan CC. Weight status, negative body talk, and body dissatisfaction: A dyadic analysis of male friends. J Health Psychol 2016; 21:1597-606. [PMID: 25465872 DOI: 10.1177/1359105314559621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the associations among weight status, body dissatisfaction, and negative body talk with a sample of young adult male friends ( N = 55 pairs). Actor–Partner Interdependence Model revealed that individuals’ body dissatisfaction was positively associated with their own body mass index, but was negatively associated with their friend’s body mass index. In addition, having a friend with low body mass index escalated the association between individuals’ own body mass index and body dissatisfaction. Further, when individuals with higher body mass index engaged in higher negative body talk, they had lower body dissatisfaction compared to those who engaged in lower negative body talk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cin Cin Tan
- Eastern Michigan University, USA
- University of Michigan, USA
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133
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Siconolfi DE, Kapadia F, Moeller RW, Eddy JA, Kupprat SA, Kingdon MJ, Halkitis PN. Body Dissatisfaction in a Diverse Sample of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: The P18 Cohort Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:1227-39. [PMID: 26370403 PMCID: PMC4791207 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) may be at greater risk for body dissatisfaction, compared to their heterosexual peers. However, differences within YMSM populations are understudied, precluding the identification of YMSM who are at greatest risk. This study examined body dissatisfaction in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of YMSM ages 18-19 in New York City. Using cross-sectional data from the baseline visit of a longitudinal cohort study of YMSM (N = 591), body dissatisfaction was assessed using the Male Body Attitudes Scale. Three outcomes were modeled using linear regression: (1) overall body dissatisfaction, (2) muscularity dissatisfaction, and (3) body fat dissatisfaction. Covariates in the models included race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, BMI, gay community affiliation, and internalized homonegativity. White YMSM experienced greater body dissatisfaction across the three models. Internalized homonegativity was a statistically significant predictor of dissatisfaction across the three models, though its association with body dissatisfaction was relatively small. The findings point to future avenues of research, particularly qualitative research to explore demographic and cultural nuances in body attitudes among YMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Siconolfi
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farzana Kapadia
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Global Institute of Public Heath, 41 East 11th Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Robert W Moeller
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA
| | - Jessica A Eddy
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra A Kupprat
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Molly J Kingdon
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Perry N Halkitis
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior and Prevention Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- NYU Global Institute of Public Heath, 41 East 11th Street, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- Langone School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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134
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Bankoff SM, Richards LK, Bartlett B, Wolf EJ, Mitchell KS. Examining weight and eating behavior by sexual orientation in a sample of male veterans. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 68:134-9. [PMID: 27234194 PMCID: PMC4884604 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders are understudied in men and in sexual minority populations; however, extant evidence suggests that gay men have higher rates of disordered eating than heterosexual men. The present study examined the associations between sexual orientation, body mass index (BMI), disordered eating behaviors, and food addiction in a sample of male veterans. METHOD Participants included 642 male veterans from the Knowledge Networks-GfK Research Panel. They were randomly selected from a larger study based on previously reported trauma exposure; 96% identified as heterosexual. Measures included the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and self-reported height and weight. RESULTS Heterosexual and sexual minority men did not differ significantly in terms of BMI. However, gay and bisexual men (n=24) endorsed significantly greater eating disorder symptoms and food addiction compared to heterosexual men. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that sexual minority male veterans may be more likely to experience eating disorder and food addiction symptoms compared to heterosexual male veterans highlight the importance of prevention, assessment, and treatment efforts targeted to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Bankoff
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author at: VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave. (11PC), Boston, MA 02130, USA. Tel.: 857-364-5518
| | - Lauren K. Richards
- Red Sox Foundation and MGH Home Base Program, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brooke Bartlett
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Erika J. Wolf
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Behavioral Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen S. Mitchell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Women’s Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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135
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Program Design for Healthy Weight in Lesbian and Bisexual Women: A Ten-City Prevention Initiative. Womens Health Issues 2016; 26 Suppl 1:S7-S17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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136
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Amos N, McCabe M. Positive Perceptions of Genital Appearance and Feeling Sexually Attractive: Is It a Matter of Sexual Esteem? ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:1249-58. [PMID: 26857376 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between perceptions of genital appearance and self-perceived sexual attractiveness. The study sample included men and women (aged 18-45 years, M = 23.7, SD = 4.98) who identified as heterosexual (n = 1017), gay or lesbian (n = 1225), or bisexual (n = 651). Participants responded to an online survey assessing their self-perceived sexual attractiveness, genital self-image, genital self-consciousness during sexual activity, and sexual esteem. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized a positive link between genital self-perceptions and self-perceived sexual attractiveness, with sexual esteem acting as a mediator. We tested this hypothesis using structural equation modeling. Analyses revealed a significant association between both genital self-image and genital self-consciousness and self-perceived sexual attractiveness. However, these relationships were at least partially mediated by sexual esteem, across both gender and sexual orientation. The findings suggest that, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, individuals who maintain a positive genital self-image or lack genital self-consciousness, are more likely to experience greater sexual esteem, and in turn, feel more sexually attractive. The findings have implications for the importance of genital appearance perceptions and improving individuals' sexual esteem and self-perceived sexual attractiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Amos
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Marita McCabe
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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137
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VanKim NA, Erickson DJ, Eisenberg ME, Lust K, Rosser BRS, Laska MN. Relationship between weight-related behavioral profiles and health outcomes by sexual orientation and gender. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1572-81. [PMID: 27193906 PMCID: PMC5024549 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine relationships between weight-related factors and weight status, body dissatisfaction, chronic health conditions, and quality of life across sexual orientation and gender. METHODS Two- and four-year college students participated in the College Student Health Survey (n = 28,703; 2009-2013). Risk differences were calculated to estimate relationships between behavioral profiles and weight status, body satisfaction, diagnosis of a chronic condition, and quality of life, stratified by gender and sexual orientation. Four behavioral profiles, characterized as "healthier eating habits, more physically active," "healthier eating habits," "moderate eating habits," and "unhealthy weight control," were utilized based on latent class analyses, estimated from nine weight-related behavioral survey items. RESULTS Sexual orientation differences in weight and quality of life were identified. For example, sexual minority groups reported significantly poorer quality of life than their heterosexual counterparts (females: 22.5%-38.6% (sexual minority) vs. 19.8% (heterosexual); males: 14.3%-26.7% (sexual minority) vs. 11.8% (heterosexual)). Compared with the "healthier eating habits, more physically active" profile, the "unhealthy weight control" profile was associated with obesity, poor body satisfaction, and poor quality of life in multiple gender/sexual orientation subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Interventions are needed to address obesity, body dissatisfaction, and poor quality of life among sexual minority college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A VanKim
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Darin J Erickson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katherine Lust
- Boynton Health Service, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - B R Simon Rosser
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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138
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Frederick DA, Sandhu G, Morse PJ, Swami V. Correlates of appearance and weight satisfaction in a U.S. National Sample: Personality, attachment style, television viewing, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Body Image 2016; 17:191-203. [PMID: 27172812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examined the prevalence and correlates of satisfaction with appearance and weight. Participants (N=12,176) completed an online survey posted on the NBCNews.com and Today.com websites. Few men and women were very to extremely dissatisfied with their physical appearances (6%; 9%), but feeling very to extremely dissatisfied with weight was more common (15%; 20%). Only about one-fourth of men and women felt very to extremely satisfied with their appearances (28%; 26%) and weights (24%; 20%). Men and women with higher body masses reported higher appearance and weight dissatisfaction. Dissatisfied people had higher Neuroticism, more preoccupied and fearful attachment styles, and spent more hours watching television. In contrast, satisfied people had higher Openness, Conscientious, and Extraversion, were more secure in attachment style, and had higher self-esteem and life satisfaction. These findings highlight the high prevalence of body dissatisfaction and the factors linked to dissatisfaction among U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Gaganjyot Sandhu
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J Morse
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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139
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Warren JC, Smalley KB, Barefoot KN. Differences in Psychosocial Predictors of Obesity Among LGBT Subgroups. LGBT Health 2016; 3:283-91. [PMID: 27228031 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to examine the overall presence of and differences in rates of overweight/obesity among a large, nationally diverse sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT)-identified individuals (i.e., cisgender lesbians, cisgender gay men, cisgender bisexual women, cisgender bisexual men, transgender women, and transgender men) and to identify specific psychosocial predictors of obesity within each of the six LGBT subgroups. METHODS A total of 2702 LGBT-identified participants participated in the online study. Participants completed a series of demographic questions (including weight and height) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21. RESULTS The percentage of participants who were overweight/obese did not differ significantly across LGBT subgroups, with 61.1% of the total sample being overweight/obese. However, the percentage of participants who self-reported body mass indexes in the obese range differed significantly across the six LGBT subgroups, with the highest prevalence in transgender men (46.0%). In addition, the predictors of obesity varied by subgroup, with age a significant predictor for cisgender lesbians, cisgender gay men, and cisgender bisexual women, relationship status for cisgender bisexual women, employment status for both cisgender gay men and cisgender bisexual women, education level for cisgender lesbians, and depression, anxiety, and stress for cisgender gay men. None of the examined psychosocial factors emerged as predictors of obesity for cisgender bisexual men, transgender women, or transgender men. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that there are substantial variations in the presence and predictors of obesity across LGBT subgroups that support the need for culturally tailored healthy weight promotion efforts within the LGBT community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Warren
- 1 Center for Rural Health and Health Disparities, Mercer University School of Medicine , Macon, Georgia .,2 Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine , Macon, Georgia
| | - K Bryant Smalley
- 3 Rural Health Research Institute, Georgia Southern University , Statesboro, Georgia .,4 Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University , Statesboro, Georgia
| | - K Nikki Barefoot
- 3 Rural Health Research Institute, Georgia Southern University , Statesboro, Georgia
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140
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Mansh M, Arron ST. Indoor tanning and melanoma: are gay and bisexual men more at risk? Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:89-92. [PMID: 30190876 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2015-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mansh
- Department of Internal Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Dermatology Service, San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Dermatology Service, San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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141
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van de Grift TC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Steensma TD, De Cuypere G, Richter-Appelt H, Haraldsen IRH, Dikmans REG, Cerwenka SC, Kreukels BPC. Body Satisfaction and Physical Appearance in Gender Dysphoria. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 45:575-85. [PMID: 26474976 PMCID: PMC4778147 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gender dysphoria (GD) is often accompanied by dissatisfaction with physical appearance and body image problems. The aim of this study was to compare body satisfaction with perceived appearance by others in various GD subgroups. Data collection was part of the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence. Between 2007 and 2012, 660 adults who fulfilled the criteria of the DSM-IV gender identity disorder diagnosis (1.31:1 male-to-female [MtF]:female-to-male [FtM] ratio) were included into the study. Data were collected before the start of clinical gender-confirming interventions. Sexual orientation was measured via a semi-structured interview whereas onset age was based on clinician report. Body satisfaction was assessed using the Body Image Scale. Congruence of appearance with the experienced gender was measured by means of a clinician rating. Overall, FtMs had a more positive body image than MtFs. Besides genital dissatisfaction, problem areas for MtFs included posture, face, and hair, whereas FtMs were mainly dissatisfied with hip and chest regions. Clinicians evaluated the physical appearance to be more congruent with the experienced gender in FtMs than in MtFs. Within the MtF group, those with early onset GD and an androphilic sexual orientation had appearances more in line with their gender identity. In conclusion, body image problems in GD go beyond sex characteristics only. An incongruent physical appearance may result in more difficult psychological adaptation and in more exposure to discrimination and stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim C van de Grift
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peggy T Cohen-Kettenis
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas D Steensma
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Griet De Cuypere
- Center of Sexology and Gender Problems, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hertha Richter-Appelt
- Department of Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ira R H Haraldsen
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rieky E G Dikmans
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne C Cerwenka
- Department of Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Baudewijntje P C Kreukels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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142
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Smalley KB, Warren JC, Barefoot KN. Variations in psychological distress between gender and sexual minority groups. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2015.1135843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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143
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Ehlinger PP, Blashill AJ. Self-perceived vs. actual physical attractiveness: Associations with depression as a function of sexual orientation. J Affect Disord 2016; 189:70-6. [PMID: 26406971 PMCID: PMC4640994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A commonly held belief about physical attractiveness is that attractive individuals are psychologically healthier than less attractive individuals (i.e., the "beauty is good" stereotype). To date, the data on this stereotype and its relationship with depression is limited, with a paucity of literature comparing subjective and objective appearance evaluations and depressive symptoms. Additionally, there is no known research on this relationship among sexual minorities (i.e., gay and bisexual individuals), a highly vulnerable population. The primary aims of the study were to assess the prediction of depression symptoms by subjective and objective appearance evaluation, and secondary aims were to assess the interaction of subjective and objective appearance with sexual orientation. METHOD Participants were 4882 American emerging adults (M age=22 years; 2253 males, 2629 females) taken from a U.S. nationally representative dataset (Add Health) RESULTS Increased negative subjective appearance evaluation was associated with elevated rates of depressive symptoms (B=-.27, p<.001), while objective appearance evaluation was not significantly related to depressive symptoms. Sexual orientation significantly moderated the relationship between subjective appearance and depression (B=.19, p=.009), with a stronger positive association between negative appearance evaluation and depressive symptoms noted among sexual minority vs. heterosexual participants. LIMITATIONS Limitations include cross-sectional design and self-report nature of questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the 'beauty is good' stereotype may not be valid in regard to depressive symptoms, and that subjective appearance evaluation is a robust predictor of depression, particularly for sexual minority individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- San Diego State University, USA; SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, USA.
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144
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Gigi I, Bachner-Melman R, Lev-Ari L. The association between sexual orientation, susceptibility to social messages and disordered eating in men. Appetite 2015; 99:25-33. [PMID: 26725149 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Much research points to higher levels of disordered eating and more negative body image in gay and bisexual men than in heterosexual men. The reasons for this difference, however, remain unclear. We hypothesized that disturbed body image and eating attitudes in gay and bisexual men would be partially explained by susceptibility to social messages. METHODS Two hundred and sixty-two men (203 heterosexual, 46 gay and 13 bisexual) between 18 and 35 years of age participated in the study. They completed measures of disordered eating, body image, internalization of attitudes toward appearance, and concern for appropriateness. In addition, they were asked to what extent they were influenced by ten advertisements, four that emphasized physical appearance, and six that did not. RESULTS As shown in previous research, gay and bisexual men reported higher levels of disordered eating and dissatisfaction with their bodies than heterosexual men. In addition, the gay and bisexual men were more susceptible than the heterosexual men to social messages, and reported being significantly more influenced than heterosexual men by advertisements focusing on physical appearance, but not by other advertisements. Susceptibility to social messages fully mediated the association between sexual orientation and disordered eating. DISCUSSION Results provide support for the hypothesis that sensitivity to social messages about appearance explains, at least partially, the link between sexual orientation and disordered eating in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Gigi
- MA Program in Clinical Psychology, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel.
| | - Rachel Bachner-Melman
- MA Program in Clinical Psychology, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel; Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lilac Lev-Ari
- MA Program in Clinical Psychology, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel
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145
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Gender, BMI, and eating regulation in the context of same-sex and heterosexual couples. J Behav Med 2015; 39:398-407. [PMID: 26660637 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that romantic partners may benefit each other's health, but factors contributing to partners' involvement in eating regulation have been relatively unexplored. In this study, 104 heterosexual couples, 72 female same-sex and 72 male same-sex couples were examined in order to understand how partners' weight statuses were related to attempts to regulate eating behaviors. Weight status was assessed via body mass index and eating regulation was assessed using the Partner Feeding Questionnaire. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models revealed that gay men were particularly likely to regulate their partners' eating behaviors. Additionally, partners were found to regulate their significant others' eating behaviors when their significant others were heavy. Women were most likely to attempt to regulate their partners' eating behaviors when they were thin and their partners were heavy. These findings are discussed in the context of current obesity trends and the role of romantic partners in healthy weight management.
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146
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Blashill AJ, Pagoto S. Skin Cancer Risk in Gay and Bisexual Men: A Call to Action. JAMA Dermatol 2015; 151:1293-1294. [PMID: 26445402 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Blashill
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California2Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego
| | - Sherry Pagoto
- Division of Prevention and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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147
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Swami V. Masculinities and ethnicities: Ethnic differences in drive for muscularity in British men and the negotiation of masculinity hierarchies. Br J Psychol 2015; 107:577-92. [PMID: 26592864 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although relatively little is known about ethnic differences in men's drive for muscularity, recent theoretical developments suggest that ethnic minority men may desire greater muscularity to contest their positions of relative subordinate masculinity. This study tested this hypothesis in a sample of 185 White, 180 Black British, and 182 South Asian British men. Participants completed self-report measures of drive for muscularity, need for power, adherence to traditional cultural values, and ethnic group affiliation. Taking into account between-group differences in body mass index, results indicated that White men had significantly lower drive for muscularity than Black and South Asian men, who were not significantly different from each other. In addition, greater need for power was significantly associated with higher drive for muscularity in ethnic minority, but not White, men. Greater adherence to traditional cultural values, but not ethnic group affiliation, was associated with lower drive for muscularity in all ethnic groups. These results suggest that ethnic minority men may desire greater muscularity as a means of negotiating masculinity and attendant ideals of appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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148
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Eliason MJ, Ingraham N, Fogel SC, McElroy JA, Lorvick J, Mauery DR, Haynes S. A systematic review of the literature on weight in sexual minority women. Womens Health Issues 2015; 25:162-75. [PMID: 25747521 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 20 years, a growing literature has demonstrated that sexual minority women have greater weight than heterosexual women, prompting concern that they may be at high risk for disparities in physical disorders. In 2008, Bowen et al. published a review of the existing research on sexual minority women and obesity, finding no methodologically strong studies with representative sampling procedures. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of the literature covering the period of July 2006 to February 2014 on the relationship between sexual orientation and weight. The review includes 20 population-based and 17 nonprobability sample studies. CONCLUSIONS The majority of these studies found that lesbian and bisexual women had significantly greater body mass index (BMI) or a higher percentage with a BMI over 30 than heterosexual women. The difference in BMI was fairly consistent across the lifespan, with the weight differences beginning in adolescence. The studies, however, did not show a higher prevalence of physical disorders thought to be associated with weight. This potentially paradoxical finding warrants further research to compare prevalence of chronic disease by BMI category and sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Eliason
- Department of Health Education, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California.
| | | | - Sarah C Fogel
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jane A McElroy
- Family and Community Medicine Department, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Lorvick
- Urban Health Program, RTI International, San Francisco, California
| | - D Richard Mauery
- Department of Health Policy, George Washington School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC
| | - Suzanne Haynes
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health, Washington, DC
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149
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Mereish EH, Poteat VP. Let's Get Physical: Sexual Orientation Disparities in Physical Activity, Sports Involvement, and Obesity Among a Population-Based Sample of Adolescents. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:1842-8. [PMID: 26180946 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined sexual orientation disparities in physical activity, sports involvement, and obesity among a population-based adolescent sample. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2012 Dane County Youth Assessment for 13,933 students in grades 9 through 12 in 22 Wisconsin high schools. We conducted logistic regressions to examine sexual orientation disparities in physical activity, sports involvement, and body mass index among male and female adolescents. RESULTS When we accounted for several covariates, compared with heterosexual females, sexual minority females were less likely to participate in team sports (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37, 0.53) and more likely to be overweight (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.62) or obese (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.43, 2.48). Sexual minority males were less likely than heterosexual males to be physically active (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.83) or to participate in team sports (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.20, 0.32), but the 2 groups did not differ in their risk of obesity. CONCLUSIONS Sexual orientation health disparities in physical activity and obesity are evident during adolescence. Culturally affirming research, interventions, and policies are needed for sexual minority youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H Mereish
- Ethan H. Mereish is with the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI. V. Paul Poteat is with the Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
| | - V Paul Poteat
- Ethan H. Mereish is with the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI. V. Paul Poteat is with the Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA
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