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Rodriguez Lanzi C, de Rosas I, Perdicaro DJ, Ponce MT, Martinez L, Miatello RM, Cavagnaro B, Vazquez Prieto MA. Effects of salicylic acid-induced wine rich in anthocyanins on metabolic parameters and adipose insulin signaling in high-fructose fed rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:969-76. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1207060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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102
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Visioli F. Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: Review of human evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1145-1174. [PMID: 26776959 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to prescription drugs, nutraceuticals/functional foods/medical foods are being increasingly added as adjunct treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even though most of them have been exclusively studied in vitro. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We review the available evidence (focusing on when the amount of polyphenols' intake was measured) coming from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of (poly)phenol-based supplements. CONCLUSION We conclude that (poly)phenol-based nutraceuticals and functional foods might be indeed used as adjunct therapy of CVD, but additional long-term RCTs with adequate numerosity and with clinically relevant end points are needed to provide unequivocal evidence of their clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy .
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103
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Guess N. Dietary intake in people consuming a reduced-carbohydrate diet in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 30:360-368. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Guess
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences; Kings College London; London UK
- Department of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
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104
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Gažarová M, Chlebová Z, Predná L, Chlebo P, Habánová M. The changes in biochemical parameters due to wine consumption depending on gender. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of red wine consumption on the lipid profile and glucose in the group of male (13 men aged 34 - 64 years) and the group of female (11 women aged 28 - 57 years). Research consisted of moderate red wine consumption for 6 weeks. The dose of alcohol ranged from 200 to 300 mL per day of red wine Lemberger (Winery Masaryk, Slovakia). The blood samples were obtained after overnight fasting and were collected at baseline and after three days, three weeks and six weeks of wine consumption. Differences between male and female subjects were reflected in the results of different biochemical parameters in the dynamics of wine consumption. We found out that while in females the total cholesterol level did not change significantly and had a predominantly downward trend, for male subjects we observed at the beginning the slight increase of the levels, which, however, after 6 weeks of consumption significantly decreased from an initial value of 5.75 ±1.32 mmol.L-1 to 5.35 ±1.25 mmol.L-1 (p <0.05). The blood concentration of triglycerides in the dynamics of the experiment did not change significantly in either one gender, although small differences were observed, because while the female subjects had triglyceride development over consumption upward trend in male subjects it was vice versa. LDL-cholesterol changed significantly only in the group of female. Level of this lipid parameter decreased significantly during the six weeks of consumption of Lemberger from an initial value 3.37 ±0.68 mmol.L-1 to the lowest 2.99 ±0.61 mmol.L-1, which was recorded in the third week of consumption (p <0.0001), but statistically significant differences versus baseline we monitored after three days and six weeks of consumption (p <0.01). In the group of male, we did not observe such significant changes, but it should be noted, that the men had changes in LDL-cholesterol downward direction and all the values were in the range of benchmarks. In the group of female, HDL-cholesterol increased to 2.05 ±0.6 mmol.L-1 after six weeks of consumption from baseline of 1.7 ±0.69 mmol.L-1, and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.05), in the group of male, its level changed first significantly after three days of consumption of steep increase (1.46 ±0.61 mmol.L-1, p <0.05), and for the next six weeks, it was the significantly increase (1.59 ±0.5 mmol.L-1, p <0.01). The glucose concentration did not change significantly in the dynamics of wine consumption among men and women, and all the values were between the limits of the standard.
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105
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Markoski MM, Garavaglia J, Oliveira A, Olivaes J, Marcadenti A. Molecular Properties of Red Wine Compounds and Cardiometabolic Benefits. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:51-7. [PMID: 27512338 PMCID: PMC4973766 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s32909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine has been used since the dawn of human civilization. Despite many health benefits, there is still a lot of discussion about the real properties of its components and its actions on cells and molecular interactions. A large part of these issues permeate the fine line between the amount of alcohol that causes problems to organic systems and the amount that could be beneficial for the health. However, even after the process of fermentation, wine conserves different organic compounds from grapes, such as polysaccharides, acids, and phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and nonflavonoids. These substances have known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities, and are considered as regulatory agents in cardiometabolic process. In this study, the main chemical components present in the wine, its interaction with molecules and biological mechanisms, and their interference with intra- and extracellular signaling are reviewed. Finally, the properties of wine that may benefit cardiovascular system are also revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Markoski
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliano Garavaglia
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.; Institute of Technology in Food for Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jessica Olivaes
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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106
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Acute consumption of organic and conventional tropical grape juices (Vitis labrusca L.) increases antioxidants in plasma and erythrocytes, but not glucose and uric acid levels, in healthy individuals. Nutr Res 2016; 36:808-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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107
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption is often a comorbid condition in other chronic liver diseases. It has been shown to act in synergy to increase liver injury in viral hepatitis, hereditary hemochromatosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality. Data suggest that modest alcohol consumption may be inversely related to the risk of developing NAFLD and lower rates of progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This article reviews data on the relationship between alcohol consumption and other chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
| | - Kris V Kowdley
- Swedish Liver Care Network, Swedish Medical Center, 1124 Columbia Street, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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108
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de Gaetano G, Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Badimon L, Bejko D, Alkerwi A, Chiva-Blanch G, Estruch R, La Vecchia C, Panico S, Pounis G, Sofi F, Stranges S, Trevisan M, Ursini F, Cerletti C, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Effects of moderate beer consumption on health and disease: A consensus document. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:443-467. [PMID: 27118108 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A large evidence-based review on the effects of a moderate consumption of beer on human health has been conducted by an international panel of experts who reached a full consensus on the present document. Low-moderate (up to 1 drink per day in women, up to 2 in men), non-bingeing beer consumption, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. This effect is similar to that of wine, at comparable alcohol amounts. Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate consumption of either beer or wine may confer greater cardiovascular protection than spirits. Although specific data on beer are not conclusive, observational studies seem to indicate that low-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing neurodegenerative disease. There is no evidence that beer drinking is different from other types of alcoholic beverages in respect to risk for some cancers. Evidence consistently suggests a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption (including beer) and all-cause mortality, with lower risk for moderate alcohol consumers than for abstainers or heavy drinkers. Unless they are at high risk for alcohol-related cancers or alcohol dependency, there is no reason to discourage healthy adults who are already regular light-moderate beer consumers from continuing. Consumption of beer, at any dosage, is not recommended for children, adolescents, pregnant women, individuals at risk to develop alcoholism, those with cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, depression, liver and pancreatic diseases, or anyone engaged in actions that require concentration, skill or coordination. In conclusion, although heavy and excessive beer consumption exerts deleterious effects on the human body, with increased disease risks on many organs and is associated to significant social problems such as addiction, accidents, violence and crime, data reported in this document show evidence for no harm of moderate beer consumption for major chronic conditions and some benefit against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - S Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - A Di Castelnuovo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Bejko
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - A Alkerwi
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - G Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - S Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G Pounis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - F Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - S Stranges
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - F Ursini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Padova, Italy
| | - C Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M B Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - L Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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109
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Alcoholic Beverage Consumption and Chronic Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060522. [PMID: 27231920 PMCID: PMC4923979 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have consistently linked alcoholic beverage consumption with the development of several chronic disorders, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and obesity. The impact of drinking is usually dose-dependent, and light to moderate drinking tends to lower risks of certain diseases, while heavy drinking tends to increase the risks. Besides, other factors such as drinking frequency, genetic susceptibility, smoking, diet, and hormone status can modify the association. The amount of ethanol in alcoholic beverages is the determining factor in most cases, and beverage types could also make an influence. This review summarizes recent studies on alcoholic beverage consumption and several chronic diseases, trying to assess the effects of different drinking patterns, beverage types, interaction with other risk factors, and provide mechanistic explanations.
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110
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Sharafi M, Duffy VB, Miller RJ, Winchester SB, Huedo-Medina TB, Sullivan MC. Dietary behaviors of adults born prematurely may explain future risk for cardiovascular disease. Appetite 2016; 99:157-167. [PMID: 26792768 PMCID: PMC4762713 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Being born prematurely associates with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. Less understood are the unique and joint associations of dietary patterns and behaviors to this elevated risk among adults who are born prematurely. We aimed to model the associations between term status, dietary and lifestyle behaviors with CVD risk factors while accounting for the longitudinal effects of family protection, and medical or environmental risks. In wave-VIII of a longitudinal study, 23-year olds born prematurely (PT-adults, n = 129) and full term (FT-adults, n = 38) survey-reported liking for foods/beverages and activities, constructed into indexes of dietary quality and sensation-seeking, dietary restraint and physical activity. Measured CVD risk factors included fasting serum lipids and glucose, blood pressure and adiposity. In bivariate relationships, PT-adults reported lower dietary quality (including less affinity for protein-rich foods and higher affinity for sweets), less liking for sensation-seeking foods/activities, and less restrained eating than did FT-adults. In comparison to nationally-representative values and the FT-adults, PT-adults showed greater level of CVD risk factors for blood pressure and serum lipids. In structural equation modeling, dietary quality completely mediated the association between term status and HDL-cholesterol (higher quality, lower HDL-cholesterol) yet joined term status to explain variability in systolic blood pressure (PT-adults with lowest dietary quality had highest blood pressures). Through lower dietary quality, being born prematurely was indirectly linked to higher cholesterol/HDL, higher LDL/HDL and elevated waist/hip ratios. The relationship between dietary quality and CVD risk was strongest for PT-adults who had developed greater cumulative medical risk. Protective environments failed to attenuate relationships between dietary quality and elevated CVD risk among PT-adults. In summary, less healthy dietary behaviors contribute to elevated CVD risk among young adults who are born prematurely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Sharafi
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Robin J Miller
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Suzy B Winchester
- Brown Center for Study of Children at Risk Women & Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Tania B Huedo-Medina
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mary C Sullivan
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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111
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Vetrani C, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G, Adiels M, Borén J, Mattila I, Orešič M, Aura AM. Metabolic transformations of dietary polyphenols: comparison between in vitro colonic and hepatic models and in vivo urinary metabolites. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:111-8. [PMID: 27155917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on metabolism of polyphenols have revealed extensive transformations in the carbon backbone by colonic microbiota; however, the influence of microbial and hepatic transformations on human urinary metabolites has not been explored. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to compare the in vitro microbial phenolic metabolite profile of foods and beverages with that excreted in urine of subjects consuming the same foodstuff and (2) to explore the role of liver on postcolonic metabolism of polyphenols by using in vitro hepatic models. A 24-h urinary phenolic metabolite profile was evaluated in 72 subjects participating in an 8-week clinical trial during which they were randomly assigned to diets differing for polyphenol content. Polyphenol-rich foods and beverages used in the clinical trial were subjected to human fecal microbiota in the in vitro colon model. Metabolites from green tea, one of the main components of the polyphenol-rich diet, were incubated with primary hepatocytes to highlight hepatic conversion of polyphenols. The analyses were performed using targeted gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GCxGC-TOFMS:colon model; GC-MS: urine and hepatocytes). A significant correlation was found between urinary and colonic metabolites with C1-C3 side chain (P=.040). However, considerably higher amounts of hippuric acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid were detected in urine than in the colon model. The hepatic conversion showed additional amounts of these metabolites complementing the gap between in vitro colon model and the in vivo urinary excretion. Therefore, combining in vitro colon and hepatic models may better elucidate the metabolism of polyphenols from dietary exposure to urinary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Adiels
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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112
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Polyphenols and Glycemic Control. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010017. [PMID: 26742071 PMCID: PMC4728631 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence from animal studies supports the anti-diabetic properties of some dietary polyphenols, suggesting that dietary polyphenols could be one dietary therapy for the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes. This review aims to address the potential mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity based on in vitro and in vivo studies, and to provide a comprehensive overview of the anti-diabetic effects of commonly consumed dietary polyphenols including polyphenol-rich mixed diets, tea and coffee, chocolate and cocoa, cinnamon, grape, pomegranate, red wine, berries and olive oil, with a focus on human clinical trials. Dietary polyphenols may inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, inhibit glucose absorption in the intestine by sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), stimulate insulin secretion and reduce hepatic glucose output. Polyphenols may also enhance insulin-dependent glucose uptake, activate 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), modify the microbiome and have anti-inflammatory effects. However, human epidemiological and intervention studies have shown inconsistent results. Further intervention studies are essential to clarify the conflicting findings and confirm or refute the anti-diabetic effects of dietary polyphenols.
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113
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Effects of Polyphenol, Measured by a Biomarker of Total Polyphenols in Urine, on Cardiovascular Risk Factors After a Long-Term Follow-Up in the PREDIMED Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2572606. [PMID: 26881019 PMCID: PMC4736321 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2572606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, accuracy and reliability of these studies may be increased using urinary total polyphenol excretion (TPE) as a biomarker for total polyphenol intake. Our aim was to assess if antioxidant activity, measured by a Folin-Ciocalteu assay in urine, is correlated with an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure and serum glucose, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations) in an elderly population at high risk. A longitudinal study was performed with 573 participants (aged 67.3 ± 5.9) from the PREDIMED study (ISRCTN35739639). We used Folin-Ciocalteu method to determine TPE in urine samples, assisting with solid phase extraction. Participants were categorized into three groups according to changes in TPE. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess relationships between TPE and clinical cardiovascular risk factors, adjusting for potential confounders. After a 5-year follow-up, significant inverse correlations were observed between changes in TPE and plasma triglyceride concentration (β = −8.563; P = 0.007), glucose concentration (β = −4.164; P = 0.036), and diastolic blood pressure (β = −1.316; P = 0.013). Our results suggest that the consumption of more polyphenols, measured as TPE in urine, could exert a protective effect against some cardiovascular risk factors.
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114
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Enkhmaa B, Anuurad E, Berglund L. Lipoprotein (a): impact by ethnicity and environmental and medical conditions. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:1111-25. [PMID: 26637279 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r051904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], a complex between an LDL-like lipid moiety containing one copy of apoB, and apo(a), a plasminogen-derived carbohydrate-rich hydrophilic protein, are primarily genetically regulated. Although stable intra-individually, Lp(a) levels have a skewed distribution inter-individually and are strongly impacted by a size polymorphism of the LPA gene, resulting in a variable number of kringle IV (KIV) units, a key motif of apo(a). The variation in KIV units is a strong predictor of plasma Lp(a) levels resulting in stable plasma levels across the lifespan. Studies have demonstrated pronounced differences across ethnicities with regard to Lp(a) levels and some of this difference, but not all of it, can be explained by genetic variations across ethnic groups. Increasing evidence suggests that age, sex, and hormonal impact may have a modest modulatory influence on Lp(a) levels. Among clinical conditions, Lp(a) levels are reported to be affected by kidney and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byambaa Enkhmaa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | | | - Lars Berglund
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA
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115
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de Oliveira PRB, da Costa CA, de Bem GF, Cordeiro VSC, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, da Conceição EPS, Lisboa PC, Ognibene DT, Sousa PJC, Martins GR, da Silva AJR, de Moura RS, Resende AC. Euterpe oleracea Mart.-Derived Polyphenols Protect Mice from Diet-Induced Obesity and Fatty Liver by Regulating Hepatic Lipogenesis and Cholesterol Excretion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143721. [PMID: 26630290 PMCID: PMC4668108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a polyphenol-rich Açaí seed extract (ASE, 300 mg/kg-1d-1) on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice that were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and its underlying mechanisms based on hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Four groups were studied: C57BL/6 mice that were fed with standard diet (10% fat, Control), 10% fat + ASE (ASE), 60% fat (HF), and 60% fat + ASE (HF + ASE) for 12 weeks. We evaluated the food intake, body weight gain, serum glucose and lipid profile, hepatic cholesterol and triacyglycerol (TG), hepatic expression of pAMPK, lipogenic proteins (SREBP-1c, pACC, ACC, HMG-CoA reductase) and cholesterol excretion transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8. We also evaluated the steatosis in liver sections and oxidative stress. ASE reduced body weight gain, food intake, glucose levels, accumulation of cholesterol and TG in the liver, which was associated with a reduction of hepatic steatosis. The increased expressions of SREBP-1c and HMG-CoA reductase and reduced expressions of pAMPK and pACC/ACC in HF group were antagonized by ASE. The ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporters expressions were increased by the extract. The antioxidant effect of ASE was demonstrated in liver of HF mice by restoration of SOD, CAT and GPx activities and reduction of the increased levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation. In conclusion, ASE substantially reduced the obesity and hepatic steatosis induced by HF diet by reducing lipogenesis, increasing cholesterol excretion and improving oxidative stress in the liver, providing a nutritional resource for prevention of obesity-related adiposity and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Raquel B. de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A. da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graziele F. de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviane S. C. Cordeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izabelle B. Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lenize C. R. M. de Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ellen Paula S. da Conceição
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayane T. Ognibene
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Roberto S. de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela C. Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Gupta V, Mah XJ, Garcia MC, Antonypillai C, van der Poorten D. Oily fish, coffee and walnuts: Dietary treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10621-35. [PMID: 26457022 PMCID: PMC4588084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i37.10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing worldwide in tandem with the metabolic syndrome, with the progressive form of disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) likely to become the most common cause of end stage liver disease in the not too distant future. Lifestyle modification and weight loss remain the main focus of management in NAFLD and NASH, however, there has been growing interest in the benefit of specific foods and dietary components on disease progression, with some foods showing protective properties. This article provides an overview of the foods that show the most promise and their potential benefits in NAFLD/NASH, specifically; oily fish/ fish oil, coffee, nuts, tea, red wine, avocado and olive oil. Furthermore, it summarises results from animal and human trials and highlights potential areas for future research.
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Moderate red wine consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED population. Br J Nutr 2015; 113 Suppl 2:S121-30. [PMID: 26148915 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between alcohol intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have yielded inconsistent results. Besides, few studies have analysed the effects of red wine (RW) consumption on the prevalence of the MetS and its components. As moderate RW drinkers have a better lipid profile and lower incidence rates of diabetes, hypertension and abdominal obesity, all components of the MetS, it was hypothesised that moderate RW consumption could be associated with a lower prevalence of the MetS. In the present cross-sectional study of 5801 elderly participants at a high cardiovascular risk included in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, 3897 fulfilled the criteria of the MetS at baseline. RW intake was recorded using a validated 137-item FFQ. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate the association between RW intake and the prevalence of the MetS. Compared with non-drinkers, moderate RW drinkers (≥ 1 drink/d) were found to have a reduced risk of prevalent MetS (OR 0.56, 95 % CI 0.45, 0.68; P < 0.001), a lower risk of having an abnormal waist circumference (OR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.46, 0.77; P < 0.001), low HDL-cholesterol concentrations (OR 0.42, 95 % CI 0.32, 0.53; P < 0.001), high blood pressure (OR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.17, 0.45; P < 0.001) and high fasting plasma glucose concentrations (OR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.54, 0.82; P < 0.001) after adjusting for several confounders. This association was found to be stronger in female participants, in participants aged < 70 years and in participants who were former or current smokers. No significant association was found between RW intake (≥ 1 drink/d) and TAG concentrations. In conclusion, moderate RW consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of the MetS in an elderly Mediterranean population at a high cardiovascular risk.
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Lopez-del Burgo C, Gea A, de Irala J, Martínez-González MA, Chavarro JE, Toledo E. Alcohol and Difficulty Conceiving in the SUN Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2015. [PMID: 26225997 PMCID: PMC4555117 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of alcohol on fertility remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between alcohol and specific alcoholic beverages consumption and the risk of difficulty getting pregnant. We used a case-control study nested within the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort, a prospective, dynamic and multipurpose cohort of 21,705 Spanish university graduates, followed biennially with mailed questionnaires. We identified 686 case-control pairs, matched for age and time in the cohort. Cases were women reporting difficulty getting pregnant. Controls did not consult due to difficulty conceiving and had at least one child during follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found no association between self-reported difficulty getting pregnant and the number of alcoholic beverages consumed per week, (Odds Ratio [OR] > 5 drinks/week vs. none = 1.04, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.72–1.51). No association between types of alcoholic beverage and difficulty conceiving (OR > 5 drinks of wine/week vs. none = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.72–1.88; OR > 5 drinks of beer/week vs. none = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.82–1.37; OR > 5 drinks of spirits/week vs. none = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.84–1.64) was observed. In conclusion, we found no association between alcohol intake and risk of consulting a physician due to difficulty conceiving. More studies are needed to clearly elucidate the effects of alcohol intake on women’s fertility. In the meantime, recommendations about alcohol intake to couples trying to conceive have to be given cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lopez-del Burgo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jokin de Irala
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
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Metabolic syndrome and obesity among users of second generation antipsychotics: A global challenge for modern psychopharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2015. [PMID: 26218604 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), such as clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine, are among the most effective therapies to stabilize symptoms schizophrenia (SZ) spectrum disorders. In fact, clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone have improved the quality of life of billions SZ patients worldwide. Based on the broad spectrum of efficacy and low risk of extrapyramidal symptoms displayed by SGAs, some regulatory agencies approved the use of SGAs in non-schizophrenic adults, children and adolescents suffering from a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, increasing number of reports have shown that SGAs are strongly associated with accelerated weight gain, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. These metabolic alterations can develop in as short as six months after the initiation of pharmacotherapy, which is now a controversial fact in public disclosure. Although the percentage of schizophrenic patients, the main target group of SGAs, is estimated in only 1% of the population, during the past ten years there was an exponential increase in the number of SGAs users, including millions of non-SZ patients. The scientific bases of SGAs metabolic side effects are not yet elucidated, but the evidence shows that the activation of transcriptional factor SRBP1c, the D1/D2 dopamine, GABA2 and 5HT neurotransmitions are implicated in the SGAs cardiovascular toxicity. Polypharmacological interventions are either non- or modestly effective in maintaining low cardiovascular risk in SGAs users. In this review we critically discuss the clinical and molecular evidence on metabolic alterations induced by SGAs, the evidence on the efficacy of classical antidiabetic drugs and the emerging concept of antidiabetic polyphenols as potential coadjutants in SGA-induced metabolic disorders.
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120
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Goszcz K, Deakin SJ, Duthie GG, Stewart D, Leslie SJ, Megson IL. Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Therapy: Panacea or False Hope? Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:29. [PMID: 26664900 PMCID: PMC4671344 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key feature of the atherothrombotic process involved in the etiology of heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and peripheral arterial disease. It stands to reason that antioxidants represent a credible therapeutic option to prevent disease progression and thereby improve outcome, but despite positive findings from in vitro studies, clinical trials have failed to consistently show benefit. The aim of this review is to re-appraise the concept of antioxidants in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. In particular, the review will explore the reasons behind failed antioxidant strategies with vitamin supplements and will evaluate how flavonoids might improve cardiovascular function despite bioavailability that is not sufficiently high to directly influence antioxidant capacity. As well as reaching conclusions relating to those antioxidant strategies that might hold merit, the major myths, limitations, and pitfalls associated with this research field are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goszcz
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK ; James Hutton Institute , Dundee , UK
| | - Sherine J Deakin
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Health and Nutrition , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Derek Stewart
- James Hutton Institute , Dundee , UK ; School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Stephen J Leslie
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK ; Cardiology Unit, Raigmore Hospital , Inverness , UK
| | - Ian L Megson
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands , Inverness , UK
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Bozzetto L, Annuzzi G, Pacini G, Costabile G, Vetrani C, Vitale M, Griffo E, Giacco A, De Natale C, Cocozza S, Della Pepa G, Tura A, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA. Polyphenol-rich diets improve glucose metabolism in people at high cardiometabolic risk: a controlled randomised intervention trial. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1551-60. [PMID: 25906754 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Dietary polyphenols and long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3) are associated with lower cardiovascular risk. This may relate to their influence on glucose metabolism and diabetes risk. We evaluated the effects of diets naturally rich in polyphenols and/or LCn3 of marine origin on glucose metabolism in people at high cardiometabolic risk. METHODS According to a 2 × 2 factorial design, individuals with high waist circumference and at least one more component of the metabolic syndrome were recruited at the obesity outpatient clinic. Eighty-six participants were randomly assigned by MINIM software to an isoenergetic diet: (1) control, low in LCn3 and polyphenol (analysed n = 20); (2) rich in LCn3 (n = 19); (3) rich in polyphenols (n = 19); or (4) rich in LCn3 and polyphenols (n = 19). The assigned diets were known for the participants and blinded for people doing measurements. Before and after the 8 week intervention, participants underwent a 3 h OGTT and a test meal with a similar composition as the assigned diet for the evaluation of plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentrations, and indices of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. RESULTS During OGTT, polyphenols significantly reduced plasma glucose total AUC (p = 0.038) and increased early insulin secretion (p = 0.048), while LCn3 significantly reduced beta cell function (p = 0.031) (two-factor ANOVA). Moreover, polyphenols improved post-challenge oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS; p = 0.05 vs control diet by post hoc ANOVA). At test meal, LCn3 significantly reduced GLP-1 total postprandial AUC (p < 0.001; two-factor ANOVA). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Diets naturally rich in polyphenols reduce blood glucose response, likely by increasing early insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. These effects may favourably influence diabetes and cardiovascular risk. The implications of the decrease in insulin secretion and postprandial GLP-1 observed with diets rich in marine LCn3 need further clarification. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01154478. FUNDING The trial was funded by European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2009-2012 under grant agreement FP7-KBBE-222639, Etherpaths Project and 'Ministero Istruzione Università e Ricerca' PRIN 2010-2011 - 2010JCWWKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Klarich DS, Brasser SM, Hong MY. Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1280-91. [PMID: 26110674 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol drinking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC); previous studies have shown a linear dose-dependent association between alcohol intake and CRC. However, some studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may have a protective effect, similar to that seen in cardiovascular disease. Other factors may interact with alcohol and contribute additional risk for CRC. We aimed to determine the association between moderate alcohol consumption, limited to 30 g of alcohol per day, by beverage type on CRC risk and to assess the effects of other factors that interact with alcohol to influence CRC risk. METHODS The PubMed database was used to find articles published between 2008 and 2014 related to alcohol and CRC. Twenty-one relevant articles were evaluated and summarized, including 11 articles reporting on CRC risk associated with moderate intake and 10 articles focusing on genetic interactions associated with alcohol and CRC risk. RESULTS The association between alcohol and increased risk for CRC was found when intakes exceeded 30 g/d alcohol. Nonsignificant results were consistently reported for intakes <30 g/d. Additional risks for CRC were found to be related to obesity and folate status for regular alcohol consumers. Some significant results suggest that the development of CRC is dependent on the interaction of gene and environment. CONCLUSIONS The association between the amount of alcohol consumed and the incidence of CRC was not significant at moderate intake levels. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced CRC risk in study populations with greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet, where wine contributed substantially to the alcoholic beverage consumed. Other factors such as obesity, folate deficiency, and genetic susceptibility may contribute additional CRC risk for those consuming alcohol. To minimize CRC risk, appropriate recommendations should encourage intakes below 30 g of alcohol each day.
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Affiliation(s)
- DawnKylee S Klarich
- Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Susan M Brasser
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Mee Young Hong
- Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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Abstract
The heart and vascular system are susceptible to the harmful effects of alcohol. Alcohol is an active toxin that undergoes widespread diffusion throughout the body, causing multiple synchronous and synergistic effects. Alcohol consumption decreases myocardial contractility and induces arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy, resulting in progressive cardiovascular dysfunction and structural damage. Alcohol, whether at binge doses or a high cumulative lifetime consumption-both of which should be discouraged-is clearly deleterious for the cardiovascular system, increasing the incidence of total and cardiovascular mortality, coronary and peripheral artery disease, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus. However, epidemiological, case-control studies and meta-analyses have shown a U-type bimodal relationship so that low-to-moderate alcohol consumption (particularly of wine or beer) is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular events and mortality, compared with abstention. Potential confounding influences-alcohol-dose quantification, tobacco use, diet, exercise, lifestyle, cancer risk, accidents, and dependence-can affect the results of studies of both low-dose and high-dose alcohol consumption. Mendelian methodological approaches have led to doubts regarding the beneficial cardiovascular effects of alcohol, and the overall balance of beneficial and detrimental effects should be considered when making individual and population-wide recommendations, as reductions in alcohol consumption should provide overall health benefits.
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Moderate alcohol consumption diminishes the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in ob/ob mice. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1153-64. [PMID: 26003186 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using ob/ob mice as a model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we investigated the effect of moderate alcohol intake on the development of NAFLD and molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Ob/ob mice were fed water or ethanol solution (2.5 g/kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks, and markers of liver injury, insulin signalling and adiponectin in visceral adipose tissue were determined. RESULTS Whereas bodyweight and the degree of liver steatosis did not differ among ob/ob mouse groups, those consuming ethanol had markedly less macrovesicular hepatic fat accumulation, inflammatory alterations and significantly lower transaminase levels. Despite similarly elevated protein levels of tumour necrosis factor α, protein concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were significantly lower in livers of ob/ob mice consuming ethanol in comparison with controls. The hepato-protective property of moderate alcohol ingestion in ob/ob mice was associated with an induction of the sirtuin-1/adiponectin-signalling cascade in visceral fat tissue and an activation of Akt in the liver. Similar effects of moderate alcohol exposure were also found in vitro in 3T3-L1 and AML-12 cells. CONCLUSION These data suggest that moderate alcohol intake may diminish the development of NAFLD through sirtuin-1/-adiponectin-dependent signalling cascades.
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Schrieks IC, Heil ALJ, Hendriks HFJ, Mukamal KJ, Beulens JWJ. The effect of alcohol consumption on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:723-32. [PMID: 25805864 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. This reduced risk might be explained by improved insulin sensitivity or improved glycemic status, but results of intervention studies on this relation are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies investigating the effect of alcohol consumption on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched up to August 2014. Intervention studies on the effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers of insulin sensitivity or glycemic status of at least 2 weeks' duration were included. Investigators extracted data on study characteristics, outcome measures, and methodological quality. RESULTS Fourteen intervention studies were included in a meta-analysis of six glycemic end points. Alcohol consumption did not influence estimated insulin sensitivity (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.08 [-0.09 to 0.24]) or fasting glucose (SMD 0.07 [-0.11 to 0.24]) but reduced HbA1c (SMD -0.62 [-1.01 to -0.23]) and fasting insulin concentrations (SMD -0.19 [-0.35 to -0.02]) compared with the control condition. Alcohol consumption among women reduced fasting insulin (SMD -0.23 [-0.41 to -0.04]) and tended to improve insulin sensitivity (SMD 0.16 [-0.04 to 0.37]) but not among men. Results were similar after excluding studies with high alcohol dosages (>40 g/day) and were not influenced by dosage and duration of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Although the studies had small sample sizes and were of short duration, the current evidence suggests that moderate alcohol consumption may decrease fasting insulin and HbA1c concentrations among nondiabetic subjects. Alcohol consumption might improve insulin sensitivity among women but did not do so overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse C Schrieks
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, the Netherlands Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annelijn L J Heil
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk F J Hendriks
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Tresserra-Rimbau A, Guasch-Ferré M, Salas-Salvadó J, Toledo E, Corella D, Castañer O, Guo X, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Fitó M, Babio N, Martínez-González MA, Sorli JV, López-Sabater MC, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Intake of Total Polyphenols and Some Classes of Polyphenols Is Inversely Associated with Diabetes in Elderly People at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Nutr 2015; 146:767-777. [PMID: 26962181 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.223610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher consumption of some polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of diabetes. However, no studies have evaluated the relation between all polyphenol subclasses and the incidence of diabetes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to prospectively examine the associations between the intake of total polyphenols and different groups of polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, and others) on the risk of incident diabetes in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial. METHODS This was an observational cohort analysis of the nondiabetic participants in the PREDIMED trial. This study was a multicenter, controlled, randomized, parallel-group feeding trial to assess the effects of either a Mediterranean diet that was supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts or advice to adhere to a low-fat control diet on cardiovascular outcomes in elderly men and women at high cardiovascular disease risk. From the 7447 randomly assigned participants, 3430 were selected because they were free of diabetes at baseline and filled out the food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data from repeated FFQs with the Phenol-Explorer database on the polyphenol content of each reported food. HRs and 95% CIs for diabetes according to tertiles of polyphenol intake were estimated with the use of time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Over a mean of 5.51 y of follow-up (18,900 person-years), there were 314 new cases of diabetes. After multivariable adjustment, we observed a 28% reduction in new-onset diabetes in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of total polyphenol intake (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99; P-trend = 0.05). The intake of subclasses of polyphenols also was inversely associated with diabetes risk, including for total flavonoids (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.93; P-trend = 0.02), stilbenes (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.84; P-trend = 0.003), dihydroflavonols (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.88; P-trend = 0.003), and flavanones (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.97; P-trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of total polyphenols, total flavonoids (specifically flavanones and dihydroflavonols), and stilbenes is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes in elderly persons at high risk of cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA (Reference Network in Food Technology), INSA (Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute), Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Primary Care Division, Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA (Reference Network in Food Technology), INSA (Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute), Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Txangorritxu Hospital, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- University Institute for Health Sciences Investigation, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Emili Ros
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS (August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute)-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, FIPEC (Research Foundation for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Municipal Institute for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV (Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research), Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorli
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen López-Sabater
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA (Reference Network in Food Technology), INSA (Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute), Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA (Reference Network in Food Technology), INSA (Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute), Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
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Baselga-Escudero L, Pascual-Serrano A, Ribas-Latre A, Casanova E, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Arola-Arnal A, Bladé C. Long-term supplementation with a low dose of proanthocyanidins normalized liver miR-33a and miR-122 levels in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Nutr Res 2015; 35:337-45. [PMID: 25769350 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of miR-33 and miR-122, as major regulators of lipid metabolism in liver, has been related to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Proanthocyanidins repress these microRNAs in healthy animals. Hence, we hypothesized that long-term consumption of dietary proanthocyanidins can normalize the expression of miR-33a and miR-122. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine whether the long-term consumption of proanthocyanidins could effectively normalize the expression of miR-33a and miR-122 in rats made obese by a high-fat diet and to determine the effective dose. Rats were maintained on the high-fat diet with or without supplementation with a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract at low, medium, or high dose in relation to human consumption. Results show that 3 weeks of supplementation with grape seed proanthocyanidin extract normalized the overexpression of miR-33a and miR-122 in obese rats' liver for all doses studied, with no dose-dependent outcome, and also reduced the levels of plasma and liver lipids in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, a low sustained dose of proanthocyanidins, lower than the estimated mean intake for a European population, is enough to normalize miR-33a and miR-122 levels in the livers of obese rats. Therefore, a proanthocyanidin-rich diet during obesity can improve some of the metabolic syndrome symptoms at least at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Nutrigenomic Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aïda Pascual-Serrano
- Nutrigenomic Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Nutrigenomic Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ester Casanova
- Nutrigenomic Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomic Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomic Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomic Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Nutrigenomic Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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128
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Escudero-López B, Berná G, Ortega Á, Herrero-Martín G, Cerrillo I, Martín F, Fernández-Pachón MS. Consumption of orange fermented beverage reduces cardiovascular risk factors in healthy mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:78-85. [PMID: 25666657 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of fruits prevents the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Alcoholic fermentation has been carried out in fruits resulting in products which provide high concentration of bioactive compounds and variable alcohol content. The aim of this study was to assess the potential beneficial effect of an orange beverage obtained by alcoholic fermentation and pasteurization of orange juice on cardiovascular risk biomarkers. For this purpose, four mice groups (n = 8) ingested orange beverage (equivalent volume to 250 mL/day in human), orange juice, alcoholic solution (at the proportional amount of orange beverage) or water during 12 weeks. The equivalent amount to double serving of orange beverage (500 mL/day) was administered to mice in a subsequent intervention, and a control group was also evaluated. Orange beverage consumption increased levels of glutathione and uric acid, improved lipid profile, decreased oxidized LDL and maintained levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein. Synergistic effects between the bioactive compounds and the alcohol content of orange beverage may occur. The intake of double serving also increased antioxidant enzyme activities, bilirubin content and plasma antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that orange beverage may produce greater protection against cardiovascular risk factors than orange juice in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Escudero-López
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Genoveva Berná
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Ángeles Ortega
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Griselda Herrero-Martín
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Cerrillo
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Associated Researcher at Autónoma de Chile University, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 641, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Franz Martín
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - María-Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, E-41013 Seville, Spain; Associated Researcher at Autónoma de Chile University, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 641, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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129
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Sung KC, Ryu S, Wild SH, Byrne CD. An increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I ratio is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Heart 2015; 101:553-8. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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130
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Chiva-Blanch G, Magraner E, Condines X, Valderas-Martínez P, Roth I, Arranz S, Casas R, Navarro M, Hervas A, Sisó A, Martínez-Huélamo M, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Quifer-Rada P, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. Effects of alcohol and polyphenols from beer on atherosclerotic biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk men: a randomized feeding trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:36-45. [PMID: 25183453 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Moderate alcohol consumption exerts a cardioprotective effect, but no studies have evaluated the alcohol-independent cardiovascular effects of the non-alcoholic components of beer. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ethanol and the phenolic compounds of beer on classical and novel cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-three high risk male volunteers were included in a randomized, crossover feeding trial. After a washout period, all subjects received beer (30 g alcohol/d, 660 mL), the equivalent amount of polyphenols as non-alcoholic beer (990 mL), and gin (30 g alcohol/d, 100 mL) for 4 weeks. All outcomes were evaluated before and after each intervention period. Moderate alcohol consumption increased serum HDL-cholesterol (∼5%), ApoA-I (∼6%), ApoA-II (∼7%) and adiponectin (∼7%), and decreased serum fibrinogen (∼8%), and interleukin (IL)-5 (∼14%) concentrations, whereas the non-alcoholic fraction of beer (mainly polyphenols) increased the receptor antagonist of IL-1 (∼24%), and decreased lymphocyte expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (∼11%), lymphocyte and monocyte expression of Sialil-Lewis X (∼16%) and monocyte expression of CCR2 (∼31%), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β (∼14%) and IL-15 (∼22%) plasma concentrations. No changes were observed in glucose metabolism parameters or in body weight and adiposity parameters. CONCLUSION The phenolic content of beer reduces leukocyte adhesion molecules and inflammatory biomarkers, whereas alcohol mainly improves the lipid profile and reduces some plasma inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chiva-Blanch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - E Magraner
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Condines
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Valderas-Martínez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - I Roth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - S Arranz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - R Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain
| | - M Navarro
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Hervas
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sisó
- Primary Care Research Group, IDIBAPS, Centre d'Assistència Primària ABS Les Corts, GESCLINIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Huélamo
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vallverdú-Queralt
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Quifer-Rada
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, (CIBERobn) and RETIC RD06/0045, Spain.
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131
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Iriti M, Varoni EM. Cardioprotective effects of moderate red wine consumption: Polyphenols vs. ethanol. J Appl Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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132
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Fagherazzi G, Vilier A, Lajous M, Boutron-Ruault MC, Balkau B, Clavel-Chapelon F, Bonnet F. Wine consumption throughout life is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, but only in overweight individuals: results from a large female French cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 29:831-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-014-9955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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133
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Liu J, Wang X, Liu R, Liu Y, Zhang T, Fu H, Hai C. Oleanolic acid co-administration alleviates ethanol-induced hepatic injury via Nrf-2 and ethanol-metabolizing modulating in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 221:88-98. [PMID: 25111957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. Our previous results have found that oleanolic acid (OA), a liver protective agent, plays a potent antioxidant activity in hepatocyte. In the present study, the protective effects of OA co-administration on ethanol-induced oxidative injury in rats were investigated through detecting hepatic histopathology, antioxidant enzymes, ethanol metabolic enzymes and inflammatory factors. Preventions of ethanol-induced oxidative injury by OA were reflected by markedly decreased serum activities of AST, ALT and significantly increased the hepatic ATP level. In addition, the increase of the hepatic TG content, MDA level and the decrease of hepatic GSH level, SOD activity, CAT activity induced by ethanol were significantly inhibited by OA co-administration. Furthermore, OA could also elevate the protein expressions and nuclear translocation of antioxidant transcription factor Nrf-2 and then up-regulated antioxidant enzymes expressions of HO-1, SOD-1 and GR. Moreover, OA co-administration can significantly reduce the activity and expressions of CYP2E1 and ADH, which has characteristic of generation ROS mediated oxidative stress and acetaldehyde respectively. Furthermore, OA co-administration could inhibition of the generation of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. Those above results indicated that OA co-administration can protect rats against ethanol-induced liver injury by induction Nrf-2 related antioxidant to maintain redox balance and modulating the ethanol-metabolizing and inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Han Fu
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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134
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Bioavailability, bioactivity and impact on health of dietary flavonoids and related compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1803-53. [PMID: 25182418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial interest in the role of plant secondary metabolites as protective dietary agents. In particular, the involvement of flavonoids and related compounds has become a major topic in human nutrition research. Evidence from epidemiological and human intervention studies is emerging regarding the protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against several chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, the use of HPLC-MS for the analysis of flavonoids and related compounds in foods and biological samples has significantly enhanced our understanding of (poly)phenol bioavailability. These advancements have also led to improvements in the available food composition and metabolomic databases, and consequently in the development of biomarkers of (poly)phenol intake to use in epidemiological studies. Efforts to create adequate standardised materials and well-matched controls to use in randomised controlled trials have also improved the quality of the available data. In vitro investigations using physiologically achievable concentrations of (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites with appropriate model test systems have provided new and interesting insights on potential mechanisms of actions. This article will summarise recent findings on the bioavailability and biological activity of (poly)phenols, focusing on the epidemiological and clinical evidence of beneficial effects of flavonoids and related compounds on urinary tract infections, cognitive function and age-related cognitive decline, cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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135
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O'Keefe JH, Bhatti SK, Bajwa A, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ. Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the dose makes the poison…or the remedy. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:382-93. [PMID: 24582196 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Habitual light to moderate alcohol intake (up to 1 drink per day for women and 1 or 2 drinks per day for men) is associated with decreased risks for total mortality, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and stroke. However, higher levels of alcohol consumption are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Indeed, behind only smoking and obesity, excessive alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of premature death in the United States. Heavy alcohol use (1) is one of the most common causes of reversible hypertension, (2) accounts for about one-third of all cases of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, (3) is a frequent cause of atrial fibrillation, and (4) markedly increases risks of stroke-both ischemic and hemorrhagic. The risk-to-benefit ratio of drinking appears higher in younger individuals, who also have higher rates of excessive or binge drinking and more frequently have adverse consequences of acute intoxication (for example, accidents, violence, and social strife). In fact, among males aged 15 to 59 years, alcohol abuse is the leading risk factor for premature death. Of the various drinking patterns, daily low- to moderate-dose alcohol intake, ideally red wine before or during the evening meal, is associated with the strongest reduction in adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Health care professionals should not recommend alcohol to nondrinkers because of the paucity of randomized outcome data and the potential for problem drinking even among individuals at apparently low risk. The findings in this review were based on a literature search of PubMed for the 15-year period 1997 through 2012 using the search terms alcohol, ethanol, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, stroke, and mortality. Studies were considered if they were deemed to be of high quality, objective, and methodologically sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO.
| | - Salman K Bhatti
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Ata Bajwa
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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136
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Romain C, Bresciani L, Gaillet S, Feillet-Coudray C, Calani L, Bonafos B, Vidé J, Rugani N, Ramos J, Rio DD, Cristol JP, Rouanet JM. Moderate chronic administration of Vineatrol-enriched red wines improves metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory markers in hamsters fed a high-fat diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1212-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Romain
- Nutrition & Metabolism; UMR 204 NUTRIPASS; Prevention of Malnutritions & Linked Pathologies; University Montpellier South of France; Place Eugène Bataillon; Montpellier France
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit; Department of Food Science; The ϕ2 Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology; University of Parma; Parma Italy
- Department of Food Science; LS9 Bioactives and Health; Interlab Group; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Sylvie Gaillet
- Nutrition & Metabolism; UMR 204 NUTRIPASS; Prevention of Malnutritions & Linked Pathologies; University Montpellier South of France; Place Eugène Bataillon; Montpellier France
| | | | - Luca Calani
- Human Nutrition Unit; Department of Food Science; The ϕ2 Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology; University of Parma; Parma Italy
- Department of Food Science; LS9 Bioactives and Health; Interlab Group; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Béatrice Bonafos
- UMR 866-Dynamic Muscle and Metabolism; INRA Montpellier Center; 2 Place Viala Montpellier France
| | - Joris Vidé
- Nutrition & Metabolism; UMR 204 NUTRIPASS; Prevention of Malnutritions & Linked Pathologies; University Montpellier South of France; Place Eugène Bataillon; Montpellier France
| | - Nathalie Rugani
- Nutrition & Metabolism; UMR 204 NUTRIPASS; Prevention of Malnutritions & Linked Pathologies; University Montpellier South of France; Place Eugène Bataillon; Montpellier France
| | - Jeanne Ramos
- Anatomy-Pathology; Guy de Chauliac Hospital-University Center; Montpellier France
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit; Department of Food Science; The ϕ2 Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology; University of Parma; Parma Italy
- Department of Food Science; LS9 Bioactives and Health; Interlab Group; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Nutrition & Metabolism; UMR 204 NUTRIPASS; Prevention of Malnutritions & Linked Pathologies; University Montpellier South of France; Place Eugène Bataillon; Montpellier France
| | - Jean-Max Rouanet
- Nutrition & Metabolism; UMR 204 NUTRIPASS; Prevention of Malnutritions & Linked Pathologies; University Montpellier South of France; Place Eugène Bataillon; Montpellier France
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Santangelo C, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Filesi C, Masella R. Management of reproduction and pregnancy complications in maternal obesity: which role for dietary polyphenols? Biofactors 2014; 40:79-102. [PMID: 23983164 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global and dramatic public health problem; maternal obesity represents one of the main risk factors of infertility and pregnancy complications as it is associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. In the last few years, adipose tissue dysfunction associated with altered adipocytokine secretion has been suggested to play a critical role in all the phases of reproductive process. Obesity is a nutrition-related disorder. In this regard, dietary intervention strategies, such as high intake of fruit and vegetables, have shown significant effects in both preserving health and counteracting obesity-associated diseases. Evidence has been provided that polyphenols, important constituents of plant-derived food, can influence developmental program of oocyte and embryo, as well as pregnancy progression by modulating several cellular pathways. This review will examine the controversial results so far obtained on adipocytokine involvement in fertility impairment and pregnancy complications. Furthermore, the different effects exerted by polyphenols on oocyte, embryo, and pregnancy development will be also taken in account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Santangelo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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138
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paul Robertson
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute and the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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139
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Droste DW, Iliescu C, Vaillant M, Gantenbein M, De Bremaeker N, Lieunard C, Velez T, Meyer M, Guth T, Kuemmerle A, Gilson G, Chioti A. A daily glass of red wine associated with lifestyle changes independently improves blood lipids in patients with carotid arteriosclerosis: results from a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2013; 12:147. [PMID: 24228901 PMCID: PMC3833853 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise and a Mediterranean diet improve serum lipid profile. The present work studied whether red wine has an effect on top of a lipid-lowering lifestyle in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS A prospective randomised unblinded trial was performed from 2009 to 2011 in 108 patients with carotid atherosclerosis, 65% of whom were already on statin therapy with a low mean LDL of 104.9 mg/dl. Half of them were advised to follow a modified Mediterranean diet and to perform moderate physical exercise during 30 min/day (lifestyle changes) for 20 weeks. Within these two groups half of the patients were randomised either to avoid any alcohol or to drink 100 ml of red wine (women) or 200 ml of red wine (men) daily. RESULTS LDL was significantly lowered by 7% in the lifestyle-changes group compared to the no-lifestyle-changes group (p = 0.0296) after 20 weeks. Lifestyle changes lowered the LDL/HDL ratio after 20 weeks by 8% (p = 0.0242) and red wine independently by 13% (p = 0.0049). The effect on LDL/HDL ratio after 20 weeks was, however, more pronounced in the non-LC group. Total cholesterol (-6%; p = 0.0238) and triglycerides (-13%; p = 0.0361) were lowered significantly by lifestyle changes after 20 weeks compared to the no-lifestyle-changes group. Lipoprotein (a) was not significantly affected by any intervention. The given results are per ITT analysis. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle changes including a modified Mediterranean diet and physical exercise as well as a glass of red wine daily improve independently the LDL/HDL ratio in patients with carotid arteriosclerosis even though the vast majority of them was already on statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk W Droste
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 4 rue Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxemburg
| | - Catalina Iliescu
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre (CIEC), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Michel Vaillant
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Methodology and Statistical Competence Centre (CCMS), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Manon Gantenbein
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre (CIEC), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Nancy De Bremaeker
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre (CIEC), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Charlotte Lieunard
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre (CIEC), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Telma Velez
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre (CIEC), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Michèle Meyer
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre (CIEC), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Tessy Guth
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Methodology and Statistical Competence Centre (CCMS), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Andrea Kuemmerle
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Centre of Health Studies, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
| | - Georges Gilson
- Department of Clinical Biology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 4 rue Barblé, L-1210 Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Chioti
- Centre de Recherche Public-Santé (CRP-Santé), Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation Centre (CIEC), 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxemburg
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140
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Boto-Ordóñez M, Rothwell JA, Andres-Lacueva C, Manach C, Scalbert A, Urpi-Sarda M. Prediction of the wine polyphenol metabolic space: an application of the Phenol-Explorer database. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:466-77. [PMID: 24123832 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Knowledge of in vivo polyphenol metabolites derived from the consumption of red wine could be key to understanding its health benefits. This work aimed to predict the wine polyphenol metabolic space in biofluids by using all available data compiled in the Phenol-Explorer database. METHODS AND RESULTS A search strategy was developed for Phenol-Explorer to obtain the widest range of metabolites related to wine consumption. A total of 97 metabolites have been described in intervention studies with wine and related products (n = 37), and after consumption of pure compounds known to be wine constituents (n = 90). These 97 metabolites, derived from host and microbial metabolism of several classes of polyphenols, were found in plasma and urine samples and some of them have demonstrated higher or lower biological activities than the parent compound in in vitro studies. The metabolites have been linked to generate, for the first time, a global pathway map of wine in vivo polyphenol metabolism. CONCLUSION The retrieval of the widest range of metabolites so far described and their assembly as a metabolic pathway map could aid the identification of possible biomarkers of wine consumption and improve current understanding of the health effects of wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Boto-Ordóñez
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
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Boto-Ordóñez M, Urpi-Sarda M, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Corella D, Tinahones FJ, Estruch R, Andres-Lacueva C. Microbial metabolomic fingerprinting in urine after regular dealcoholized red wine consumption in humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9166-75. [PMID: 24044534 DOI: 10.1021/jf402394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The regular consumption of dealcoholized red wine (DRW) has demonstrated benefits in cardiovascular risk factors. The analysis of phenolic metabolites formed in the organism, especially those that could come from microbiota metabolism, would help to understand these benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the widest urinary metabolomic fingerprinting of phenolics and microbial-derived phenolic acids (n = 61) after regular intake of DRW in men at high cardiovascular risk by UPLC-MS/MS using a targeted approach. Up to 49 metabolites, including phase II and microbial phenolic metabolites, increased after DRW consumption compared to baseline (P < 0.05). The highest percentage of increase was found for microbial metabolites from anthocyanin degradation such as syringic, p-coumaric, gallic acids and pyrogallol and from flavan-3-ols degradation such as hydroxyphenylvalerolactones and (epi)catechins. These findings provide the most complete metabolic fingerprinting after wine consumption, amplifying the spectrum of microbial derived metabolites and their potential bioactivity related with health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Boto-Ordóñez
- Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group, Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona , Avenida Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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