101
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Tahar A, Tiedeken EJ, Clifford E, Cummins E, Rowan N. Development of a semi-quantitative risk assessment model for evaluating environmental threat posed by the three first EU watch-list pharmaceuticals to urban wastewater treatment plants: An Irish case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:627-638. [PMID: 28654878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of receiving waters with pharmaceutical compounds is of pressing concern. This constitutes the first study to report on the development of a semi-quantitative risk assessment (RA) model for evaluating the environmental threat posed by three EU watch list pharmaceutical compounds namely, diclofenac, 17-beta-estradiol and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol, to aquatic ecosystems using Irish data as a case study. This RA model adopts the Irish Environmental Protection Agency Source-Pathway-Receptor concept to define relevant parameters for calculating low, medium or high risk score for each agglomeration of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), which include catchment, treatments, operational and management factors. This RA model may potentially be used on a national scale to (i) identify WWTPs that pose a particular risk as regards releasing disproportionally high levels of these pharmaceutical compounds, and (ii) help identify priority locations for introducing or upgrading control measures (e.g. tertiary treatment, source reduction). To assess risks for these substances of emerging concern, the model was applied to 16 urban WWTPs located in different regions in Ireland that were scored for the three different compounds and ranked as low, medium or high risk. As a validation proxy, this case study used limited monitoring data recorded at some these plants receiving waters. It is envisaged that this semi-quantitative RA approach may aid other EU countries investigate and screen for potential risks where limited measured or predicted environmental pollutant concentrations and/or hydrological data are available. This model is semi-quantitative, as other factors such as influence of climate change and drug usage or prescription data will need to be considered in a future point for estimating and predicting risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Tahar
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland.
| | - Erin Jo Tiedeken
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland; National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Clifford
- College of Engineering and informatics, Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Enda Cummins
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland
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102
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Adityosulindro S, Barthe L, González-Labrada K, Jáuregui Haza UJ, Delmas H, Julcour C. Sonolysis and sono-Fenton oxidation for removal of ibuprofen in (waste)water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:889-896. [PMID: 28733020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Two sonochemical processes were compared for the removal of ibuprofen in different water matrixes (distilled water and effluent from wastewater treatment plant). The effect of various operating parameters, such as pH (2.6-8.0), ultrasound power density (25-100W/L), sonication frequency (12-862kHz), addition of radical promoters (H2O2 and Fenton's reagent) or scavengers (n-butanol and acetic acid), was evaluated. Sono-degradation of ibuprofen followed a first-order kinetic trend, whose rate constant increased with ultrasound density and frequency. For this hydrophobic and low volatile molecule, a free-radical mechanism at the bubble interface was established. Coupling ultrasound with Fenton reaction showed a positive synergy, especially in terms of mineralization yield, while adding H2O2 alone had no significant beneficial effect. Dedicated experiments proved this synergy to be due to the enhanced regeneration of ferrous ions by ultrasound. Efficacy of the sonolysis process was hampered in wastewater matrix, mainly as the consequence of higher pH increasing the molecule solubility. However, after convenient acidification, sono-Fenton oxidation results remained almost unchanged, indicating no significant radical scavenging effects from the effluent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie Barthe
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Katia González-Labrada
- Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas (InSTEC), Universidad de La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Henri Delmas
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Julcour
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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103
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Yang Y, Ok YS, Kim KH, Kwon EE, Tsang YF. Occurrences and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking water and water/sewage treatment plants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:303-320. [PMID: 28437649 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many of micropollutants have been widely detected because of continuous input of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into the environment and newly developed state-of-the-art analytical methods. PPCP residues are frequently detected in drinking water sources, sewage treatment plants (STPs), and water treatment plants (WTPs) due to their universal consumption, low human metabolic capability, and improper disposal. When partially metabolized PPCPs are transferred into STPs, they elicit negative effects on biological treatment processes; therefore, conventional STPs are insufficient when it comes to PPCP removal. Furthermore, the excreted metabolites may become secondary pollutants and can be further modified in receiving water bodies. Several advanced treatment systems, including membrane filtration, granular activated carbon, and advanced oxidation processes, have been used for the effective removal of individual PPCPs. This review covers the occurrence patterns of PPCPs in water environments and the techniques adopted for their treatment in STP/WTP unit processes operating in various countries. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the removal and fate of PPCPs in different treatment facilities as well as the optimum methods for their elimination in STP and WTP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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104
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Jin J, Feng T, Ma Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Li A. Novel magnetic carboxyl modified hypercrosslinked resins for effective removal of typical PPCPs. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:563-573. [PMID: 28719875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel magnetic carboxyl modified hypercrosslinked resins were successfully prepared via a sequence of suspension polymerization, hydrolysis and post-crosslinking reactions. The serial resins possessed both high cation exchange capacity and high specific surface area with MA-10 having the supreme specific surface area of 1238.65 m2/g and MA-70 having the largest exchange capacity of 6.45 mmol/g. The serial resins exhibited excellent adsorption capacity of typical PPCPs including chloramphenicol, atenolol, ibuprofen and tetracycline, which were neutral, cationic, anionic and zwitterionic respectively in natural water. The adsorption of chloramphenicol and ibuprofen was dominated by the hydrophobic and π-π Electron-Donor-Acceptor (EDA) interactions, while as to atenolol, the electrostatic interaction dominated the adsorption process. Especially, MA-50 was found to have the largest adsorption amount and the longest equilibrium time of zwitterionic tetracycline compared with other resins, the mechanism of which needed further investigation. Breakthrough tests showed that the serial resins had significant advantages over granular activated carbon F400D in contaminants removal for all of the four target pharmaceuticals. Batch experiments proved that the serial resins possessed strong anti-pollution ability and excellent regeneration property, which made it possible for the practical application in future water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Tianyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yunshu Wang
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, 210000, PR China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
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105
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Sailo L, Tiwari D, Lee SM. Degradation of some micro-pollutants from aqueous solutions using ferrate (VI): Physico-chemical studies. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1374976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalsaimawia Sailo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Diwakar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Seung-Mok Lee
- Department of Health and Environment, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Korea
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106
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Salmani MH, Mokhtari M, Raeisi Z, Ehrampoush MH, Sadeghian HA. Evaluation of removal efficiency of residual diclofenac in aqueous solution by nanocomposite tungsten-carbon using design of experiment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1466-1473. [PMID: 28953473 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containing pharmaceutical residual components must be treated before being discharged to the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of tungsten-carbon nanocomposite in diclofenac removal using design of experiment (DOE). The 27 batch adsorption experiments were done by choosing three effective parameters (pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration) at three levels. The nanocomposite was prepared by tungsten oxide and activated carbon powder in a ratio of 1 to 4 mass. The remaining concentration of diclofenac was measured by a spectrometer with adding reagents of 2, 2'-bipyridine, and ferric chloride. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the main and interaction effects. The equilibrium time for removal process was determined as 30 min. It was observed that the pH had the lowest influence on the removal efficiency of diclofenac. Nanocomposite gave a high removal at low concentration of 5.0 mg/L. The maximum removal for an initial concentration of 5.0 mg/L was 88.0% at contact time of 30 min. The results of ANOVA showed that adsorbent mass was among the most effective variables. Using DOE as an efficient method revealed that tungsten-carbon nanocomposite has high efficiency in the removal of residual diclofenac from the aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Salmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, I. R. Iran
| | - M Mokhtari
- Environmental Science and Technology Research, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, I. R. Iran
| | - Z Raeisi
- Environmental Science and Technology Research, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, I. R. Iran E-mail:
| | - M H Ehrampoush
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, I. R. Iran
| | - H A Sadeghian
- Department of Environmental Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, I. R. Iran
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107
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He BS, Wang J, Liu J, Hu XM. Eco-pharmacovigilance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Necessity and opportunities. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:178-189. [PMID: 28437743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eco-pharmacovigilance (EPV) is a practical and powerful approach to minimize the potential risks posed by pharmaceutical residues in environment. However, it is impracticable to practise rigorous and unitary EPV process for all the existing and new pharmaceuticals. Here, we focused on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and discussed the necessity and potential opportunities of practising EPV of NSAIDs. We found that the consumption of NSAIDs is huge and ubiquitous across the globe. NSAIDs were worldwidely reported as one of the most dominant and frequently detected groups in environmental matrices including wastewater, surface water, suspended solids, sediments, groundwater, even drinking water. Besides, there is definitive evidence for the adverse impacts of NSAID residues on scavenging birds and aquatic species. These data suggested the necessity of implementing EPV of NSAIDs. From the perspective of drug administration, we identified some things that can be done as management practice options for EPV implementation on NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Shu He
- Hubei Woman and Child Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xia-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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108
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Computational study of ibuprofen removal from water by adsorption in realistic activated carbons. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 498:323-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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109
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Nazari G, Abolghasemi H, Esmaieli M. FIXED-BED ADSORPTION OF CEPHALEXIN ONTO WALNUT SHELL-BASED ACTIVATED CARBON. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht11.02.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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110
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Hu S, Zhang H, Shen G, Yuan Z, Xu T, Ji R. Effects of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol on the embryonic development of the clearhead icefish (Protosalanx hyalocranius). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:18-24. [PMID: 28254710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on animals have been widely reported. The high sensitivity of fish in the early-life stages to xenobiotics can be exploited to evaluate the developmental effects of environmentally relevant levels of E2 and EE2. In this work, clearhead icefish (Protosalanx hyalocranius) embryos (blastula stage) were exposed to E2 or EE2 at concentrations between 0.05 ng/L and 1 mg/L. The toxicity endpoints of mortality, teratogenesis, and hatching retardation were evaluated. The results showed that continuous exposure of the fish embryos/larvae to higher concentrations of E2 and EE2 dramatically increased mortality after 17 days, when the hatching period started. An E2 concentration of 8 μg/L (day 16) and an EE2 concentration of at 0.2 mg/L (day 18) induced maximum teratogenesis rates of 30% and 35%, respectively. Embryos exposed to 0.2 mg E2 or EE2/L had a significantly retarded hatching time compared to the control. Thus, although environmentally relevant concentrations E2 and EE2 are not lethal for P. hyalocranius embryos or larvae, their ability to induce teratogenesis and hatching retardation merits concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Hu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Genxiang Shen
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhejun Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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111
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Petronella F, Truppi A, Sibillano T, Giannini C, Striccoli M, Comparelli R, Curri ML. Multifunctional TiO 2 /Fe x O y /Ag based nanocrystalline heterostructures for photocatalytic degradation of a recalcitrant pollutant. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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112
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Hashim N, Thakur S, Patang M, Crapulli F, Ray AK. Solar degradation of diclofenac using Eosin-Y-activated TiO 2: cost estimation, process optimization and parameter interaction study. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:933-944. [PMID: 27470696 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1214625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a commonly detected substance that readily accumulates in tissues of aquatic fish and poses a threat to wildlife and freshwater quality. Advanced Oxidation Processes have been employed as an alternative due to the inadequacy of conventional treatment methods of trace contaminants. This study utilized an innovative method of solar-activation of TiO2 using Eosin-Y dye for the degradation of DCF. Furthermore, the study incorporated a central composite design (CCD) to optimize the dye concentration and estimated the cost for the present process. Optimized parameters for light intensity (750 mW/cm2), Eosin-Y dye concentration (2 mg/L), TiO2 loading (37.5 mg/cm2) and DCF concentration (25 mg/L) were determined through a CCD. The optimized parameters convey a DCF degradation rate of 40% and 49% for 2 ppm (low range) and 4 ppm (high range) dye concentrations, respectively, for a 5-minute reaction time. Cost estimation for the materials used was for the current process was also performed. It was determined that the additional cost of using 4 ppm instead of 2 ppm to achieve only 10% more DCF degradation is not warranted and would require additional treatment to remove subsequently formed halogenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshin Hashim
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
| | - Shaila Thakur
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
| | - Mouska Patang
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
| | - Ferdinando Crapulli
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
| | - Ajay K Ray
- a Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Western Ontario , London , Canada
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113
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Prado TMD, Cincotto FH, Machado SA. Spectroelectrochemical study of acetylsalicylic acid in neutral medium and its quantification in clinical and environmental samples. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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114
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Sun K, Shi Y, Chen H, Wang X, Li Z. Extending surfactant-modified 2:1 clay minerals for the uptake and removal of diclofenac from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:567-574. [PMID: 27236838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence and persistency of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment attracted great attention recently. Among them, antibiotics and pain-killers accounted for a large quantity. Although many works were devoted to the investigation of their removal in wastewater treatment processes, most of the PPCPs studied were of cationic nature. The net repulsive interactions between anionic PPCPs and negatively charged sorbents make them difficult to be removed in wastewater treatment. In this study, 2:1 clay minerals illite and montmorillonite (MMT) were modified with different amounts of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammoium bromide (CTAB). The types and sites of interactions between the surfactant-modified clays and the anionic drug diclofenac (DC) were investigated. The uptake of DC on the modified clays was controlled by the CTAB loading level and its surface configuration on the clays. The adsorption sites of DC were limited to the external surfaces of modified illite due to its non-swelling nature. On the contrary, both the external and interlayer sites were available for the adsorption of DC on modified MMT. A CTAB bilayer formation resulted in significant increase in DC adsorption due to the formation of extensive admicelles. FTIR results showed participation of the benzene ring, NH, and CH2CH3 for the interactions between DC and modified MMT, suggesting that partitioning of DC into the admicelles of CTAB played a significant role in DC uptake. The results could extend the application of surfactant-modified clays for the removal of anionic PPCPs in the wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
| | - Honghan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Geosciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA.
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115
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Funai DH, Didier F, Giménez J, Esplugas S, Marco P, Machulek A. Photo-Fenton treatment of valproate under UVC, UVA and simulated solar radiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:537-549. [PMID: 27387276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The abatement of valproic acid sodium salt (VA) via photo-Fenton process was investigated to evaluate the effect of irradiation type. Three different light sources have been used: UVA (black light blue lamps, BLB reactor), UVC (UVC reactor) and simulated sunlight in a Solarbox (SB). Using the highest concentrations of Fe2+ (10mgL-1) and H2O2 (150mgL-1), 100% of VA degradation was observed in BLB and UVC devices, and 89.7% in Solarbox. Regarding mineralization, 67.4% and 76.4% of TOC conversion were achieved in BLB and UVC, respectively. In Solarbox, mineralization was negligible. Treated solutions under UVA or UVC radiation became biodegradable (BOD5/COD≥0.25), which was not observed in Solarbox where BOD5/COD achieved was only 0.20. Regarding to toxicity (Vibrio Fischeri method), all processes have promoted the overall toxicity reduction of VA solution. Transformation products were identified by a LC-ESI-TOF mass spectrometer, and degradation pathways were proposed. Operating costs and the energy needed by mg of VA removed were estimated and compared, for the different installations, showing that UVA can remove around 3 times more VA than SB and 2 times more VA than UVC, under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haranaka Funai
- Faculty of Engineerings, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, CP 549, CEP 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Florian Didier
- University of Lorraine, IUT of Moselle-Est, Department of Chemistry, Rue Victor Demange, 57500 Saint-Avold, France
| | - Jaime Giménez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Esplugas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pilar Marco
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amilcar Machulek
- Faculty of Engineerings, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, CP 549, CEP 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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116
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Dordio AV, Miranda S, Prates Ramalho JP, Carvalho AJP. Mechanisms of removal of three widespread pharmaceuticals by two clay materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:575-583. [PMID: 27329790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues presence in the environment is among nowadays top emergent environmental issues. For removal of such pollutants, adsorption is a generally efficient process that can be complementary to conventional treatment. Research of cheap, widely available adsorbents may make this process economically attractive. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the capacity of two clay materials (exfoliated vermiculite, LECA) to adsorb gemfibrozil, mefenamic acid and naproxen in lab-scale batch assays. Results show that both adsorbents are able to remove the pharmaceuticals from aqueous medium. Although vermiculite exhibited higher adsorption capacities per unit mass of adsorbent, LECA yielded higher absolute removals of the pharmaceuticals due to the larger mass of adsorbent. Quantum chemistry calculations predicted that the forms of binding of the three molecules to the vermiculite surface are essentially identical, but the adsorption isotherm of naproxen differs substantially from the other two's. The linear forms of the latter impose limits at lower concentrations to the removal efficiencies of these pharmaceuticals by vermiculite, thereby electing LECA as more efficient. Notwithstanding, vermiculite's high specific adsorption capacity and also its much faster adsorption kinetics suggest that there may be some benefits in combining both materials as a composite adsorbent solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Dordio
- Chemistry Department, Sciences and Technology School, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - S Miranda
- Chemistry Department, Sciences and Technology School, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - J P Prates Ramalho
- Chemistry Department, Sciences and Technology School, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; CQE-Évora Chemistry Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; Hercules Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - A J Palace Carvalho
- Chemistry Department, Sciences and Technology School, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; CQE-Évora Chemistry Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal; Hercules Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
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Tiedeken EJ, Tahar A, McHugh B, Rowan NJ. Monitoring, sources, receptors, and control measures for three European Union watch list substances of emerging concern in receiving waters - A 20year systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1140-1163. [PMID: 27741430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of European receiving waters with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), such as with 17-beta-estradiol (a natural estrogenic hormone, E2), along with pharmaceutically-active compounds diclofenac (an anti-inflammatory drug, DCL) and 17-alpha-ethynylestradiol (a synthetic estrogenic hormone, EE2)) is a ubiquitous phenomenon. These three CECs were added to the EU watch list of emerging substances to be monitoring in 2013, which was updated in 2015 to comprise 10 substances/groups of substances in the field of water policy. A systematic literature review was conducted of 3952 potentially relevant articles over period 1995 to 2015 that produced a new EU-wide database consisting of 1268 publications on DCL, E2 and EE2. European surface water concentrations of DCL are typically reported below the proposed annual average environmental quality standard (AA EQS) of 100ng/l, but that exceedances frequently occur. E2 and EE2 surface water concentrations are typically below 50ng/l and 10ng/l respectively, but these values greatly exceed the proposed AA EQS values for these compounds (0.04 and 0.035ng/l respectively). However, levels of these CECs are frequently reported to be disproportionately high in EU receiving waters, particularly in effluents at control points that require urgent attention. Overall it was found that DCL and EE2 enter European aquatic environment mainly following human consumption and excretion of therapeutic drugs, and by incomplete removal from influent at urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). E2 is a natural hormone excreted by humans which also experiences incomplete removal during WWTPs treatment. Current conventional analytical chemistry methods are sufficiently sensitive for the detection and quantification of DCL but not for E2 and EE2, thus alternative, ultra-trace, time-integrated monitoring techniques such as passive sampling are needed to inform water quality for these estrogens. DCL appears resistant to conventional wastewater treatment while E2 and EE2 have high removal efficiencies that occur through biodegradation or sorption to organic matter. There is a pressing need to determine fate and behaviour of these CECs in European receiving waters such as using GIS-modelling of river basins as this will identify pressure points for informing priority decision making and alleviation strategies for upgrade of WWTPs and for hospital effluents with advanced treatment technologies. More monitoring data for these CECs in receiving waters is urgently needed for EU legislation and effective risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Jo Tiedeken
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Tahar
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Brendan McHugh
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Neil J Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Co. Westmeath, Ireland.
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118
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Bhaskar Reddy AV, Yusop Z, Jaafar J, Aris AB, Majid ZA. Simulation of a conventional water treatment plant for the minimization of new emerging pollutants in drinking water sources: process optimization using response surface methodology. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27733k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study described the ability of conventional water treatment plants for the removal of NEPs by optimizing the concentrations of pH, PAC, activated carbon and chlorine (Cl2).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81300
- Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Yusop
- Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81300
- Malaysia
| | - Jafariah Jaafar
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81300
- Malaysia
| | - Azmi B. Aris
- Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81300
- Malaysia
- Department of Environmental Engineering
| | - Zaiton A. Majid
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81300
- Malaysia
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de Melo da Silva L, Pereira Cavalcante R, Fabbro Cunha R, Gozzi F, Falcao Dantas R, de Oliveira SC, Machulek A. Tolfenamic acid degradation by direct photolysis and the UV-ABC/H 2O 2 process: factorial design, kinetics, identification of intermediates, and toxicity evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:518-531. [PMID: 27575359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study employed direct UV-ABC photolysis and the UV-ABC/H2O2 process to investigate the degradation of tolfenamic acid (TA), a common anti-inflammatory drug used in both human and veterinary medicine. A 23 factorial design with added center point was used to evaluate the effect of three independent variables-namely, H2O2 concentration ([H2O2]), TA concentration ([TA]), and experiment time (time)-on TA degradation and H2O2 photolysis during UV-ABC/H2O2 treatment using a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp (photon flux of 2.6307 × 104 J s-1) as the UV irradiation source. The responses yielded similar values, revealing a linear behavior, with correlation coefficients R = 0.9968 and Radj = 0.9921 for TA degradation and R = 0.9828 and Radj = 0.9570 for H2O2 photolysis. The most efficient combination of variables was [H2O2] = 255 mg L-1 and [TA] = 25 mg L-1, resulting in 100% TA degradation and 98.87% H2O2 photolysis by 90 min of treatment. Additionally, the second-order kinetic constant of the reaction between TA and HO● was determined using a competitive kinetic model, employing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) as the reference compound. The kinetic constant was 1.9 × 1010 M-1 s-1 in alkaline medium. TA degradation by direct photolysis generated quinone imines as by-products, responsible for the formation of a dark red "internal filter" that increased the value of acute toxicity to Artemia salina. The UV-ABC/H2O2 process did not promote formation of quinone imines by 90 min of treatment and therefore did not increase acute toxicity values. Several by-products generated during TA degradation were identified and possible degradation pathways for the UV-ABC and UV-ABC/H2O2 processes were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Melo da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; CP 549; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pereira Cavalcante
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; CP 549; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Fabbro Cunha
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; CP 549; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Fábio Gozzi
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; CP 549; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Renato Falcao Dantas
- School of Technology, University of Campinas; Rua Paschoal Marmo, 1888; Limeira, SP 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Silvio Cesar de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; CP 549; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Machulek
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul; Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555; CP 549; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil.
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Ziylan-Yavaş A, Ince NH. Enhanced photo-degradation of paracetamol on n-platinum-loaded TiO2: The effect of ultrasound and OH/hole scavengers. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 162:324-332. [PMID: 27518924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elimination/mineralization of paracetamol (PCT) was investigated by catalytic oxidation under ultrasound, UV and both. The catalyst was synthesized by immobilization of nPt on TiO2 to benefit from the ability of Pt to facilitate charge transfer processes and to separate e(-)/h(+) pairs. It was found that increasing the Pt-loading enhanced the rate of sonochemical reactions, but retarded that of photolytic reactions, due to reduced UV absorption on the surface. Simultaneous application of sonolysis and photolysis was synergistic due to disaggregation of the particles and homogenization of the active species over the catalyst surface. The decay of PCT was highly dependent on the availability of OH, as the reactions were nearly terminated in the presence of a strong OH scavenger-2-propanol. However, a remarkable rate enhancement was observed in the presence of a suitable dose of I(-), which scavenges both OH and hvb(+). The result was explained by the production of excess radicals upon sonolysis of iodide solutions, and the reactivity of PCT with them. Finally, carbon mineralization was significantly hindered in the presence of both scavengers due to increased competition for OH and inefficient formation of hydroquinone arising from reduced availability of hvb(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asu Ziylan-Yavaş
- Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilsun H Ince
- Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cruz-González G, Rivas-Ortiz IB, González-Labrada K, Rapado-Paneque M, Chávez-Ardanza A, Nuevas-Paz L, Jáuregui-Haza UJ. Improving degradation of paracetamol by integrating gamma radiation and Fenton processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:997-1002. [PMID: 27389621 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1198140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of paracetamol (N-(4-hydroxiphenyl)acetamide) in aqueous solution by gamma radiation, gamma radiation/H2O2 and gamma radiation/Fenton processes was studied. Parameters affecting the radiolysis of paracetamol such as radiation dose, initial concentration of pollutant, pH and initial oxidant concentration were investigated. Gamma radiation was performed using a (60)Co source irradiator. Paracetamol degradation and mineralization increased with increasing absorbed radiation dose, but decreased with increasing initial concentration of the drug in aqueous solution. The addition of H2O2 resulted in an increased effect on irradiation-driven paracetamol degradation in comparison with the performance of the irradiation-driven process alone: paracetamol removal increased from 48.9% in the absence of H2O2 to 95.2% for H2O2 concentration of 41.7 mmol/L. However, the best results were obtained with gamma radiation/Fenton process with 100% of the drug removal at 5 kGy, for optimal H2O2 and Fe(2+) concentrations at 13.9 and 2.3 mmol/L, respectively, with a high mineralization of 63.7%. These results suggest gamma radiation/H2O2 and gamma radiation/Fenton processes as promising methods for paracetamol degradation in polluted wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iram B Rivas-Ortiz
- a Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences , La Habana , Cuba
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Olaniyan LWB, Mkwetshana N, Okoh AI. Triclosan in water, implications for human and environmental health. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1639. [PMID: 27722057 PMCID: PMC5031584 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent present as an active ingredient in some personal care products such as soaps, toothpastes and sterilizers. It is an endocrine disrupting compound and its increasing presence in water resources as well as in biosolid-amended soils used in farming, its potential for bioaccumulation in fatty tissues and toxicity in aquatic organisms are a cause for concern to human and environmental health. TCS has also been detected in blood, breast milk, urine and nails of humans. The significance of this is not precisely understood. Data on its bioaccumulation in humans are also lacking. Cell based studies however showed that TCS is a pro-oxidant and may be cytotoxic via a number of mechanisms. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation appears to be prevailing as a toxicity mechanism though the compound's role in apoptosis has been cited. TCS is not known to be carcinogenic per se in vitro but has been reported to promote tumourigenesis in the presence of a carcinogen, in mice. Recent laboratory reports appear to support the view that TCS oestrogenicity as well as its anti-oestrogenicity play significant role in cancer progression. Results from epidemiological studies on the effect of TCS on human health have implicated the compound as responsible for certain allergies and reproductive defects. Its presence in chlorinated water also raises toxicity concern for humans as carcinogenic metabolites such as chlorophenols may be generated in the presence of the residual chlorine. In this paper, we carried out a detailed overview of TCS pollution and the implications for human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. W. B. Olaniyan
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape 5700 South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - N. Mkwetshana
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - A. I. Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, Eastern Cape 5700 South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
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Kanakaraju D, Motti CA, Glass BD, Oelgemöller M. Solar photolysis versus TiO2-mediated solar photocatalysis: a kinetic study of the degradation of naproxen and diclofenac in various water matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17437-17448. [PMID: 27230148 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Given that drugs and their degradation products are likely to occur as concoctions in wastewater, the degradation of a mixture of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX), was investigated by solar photolysis and titanium dioxide (TiO2)-mediated solar photocatalysis using an immersion-well photoreactor. An equimolar ratio (1:1) of both NSAIDs in distilled water, drinking water, and river water was subjected to solar degradation. Solar photolysis of the DCF and NPX mixture was competitive particularly in drinking water and river water, as both drugs have the ability to undergo photolysis. However, the addition of TiO2 in the mixture significantly enhanced the degradation rate of both APIs compared to solar photolysis alone. Mineralization, as measured by chemical oxygen demand (COD), was incomplete under all conditions investigated. TiO2-mediated solar photocatalytic degradation of DCF and NPX mixtures produced 15 identifiable degradants corresponding to degradation of the individual NSAIDs, while two degradation products with much higher molecular weight than the parent NSAIDs were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). This study showed that the solar light intensity and the water matrix appear to be the main factors influencing the overall performance of the solar photolysis and TiO2-mediated solar photocatalysis for degradation of DCF and NPX mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devagi Kanakaraju
- Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Cherie A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Beverley D Glass
- Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
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Sanganyado E, Fu Q, Gan J. Enantiomeric selectivity in adsorption of chiral β-blockers on sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:787-794. [PMID: 27155096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of weakly basic compounds by sludge is poorly understood, although it has important implications on the distribution and fate of such micropollutants in wastewater effluent and sludge. Additionally, many of these compounds are chiral, and it is likely that their interactions with sludge is stereoselective and that the process may be further modified by surfactants that coexist in these systems. Adsorption of (R) and (S)-enantiomers of five commonly used β-blockers, i.e., acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol and propranolol, on sludge was characterized through batch experiments. Stereoselectivity in adsorption increased with decreases in hydrophobicity of the β-blockers. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) of the amount of acebutolol, atenolol and metoprolol sorbed on sludge were 0.27, 0.55 and 0.32, respectively. Thus, Kd values of the (S)-enantiomers of acebutolol and metoprolol were approximately twice that of the (R)-enantiomer, that is, 109 ± 11 and 57 ± 8 L/kg compared to 52 ± 13 and 22 ± 8 L/kg, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in Kd values of the enantiomers of pindolol and propranolol, suggesting stereoselectivity in adsorption was likely driven by specific polar interactions rather than hydrophobic interactions. The EF value of atenolol decreased from 0.55 ± 0.03 to 0.44 ± 0.04 after modifying the sludge with Triton X 100. These results suggested that surfactants altered adsorption of β-blockers to sludge, likely by forming ion pair complexes that promote hydrophobic interactions with the solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Sanganyado
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| | - Qiuguo Fu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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125
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Poirier-Larabie S, Segura PA, Gagnon C. Degradation of the pharmaceuticals diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole and their transformation products under controlled environmental conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:257-67. [PMID: 26999369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the aquatic environment by pharmaceuticals via urban effluents is well known. Several classes of drugs have been identified in waterways surrounding these effluents in the last 15years. To better understand the fate of pharmaceuticals in ecosystems, degradation processes need to be investigated and transformation products must be identified. Thus, this study presents the first comparative study between three different natural environmental conditions: photolysis and biodegradation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions both in the dark of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole, two common drugs present in significant amounts in impacted surface waters. Results indicated that degradation kinetics differed depending on the process and the type of drug and the observed transformation products also differed among these exposure conditions. Diclofenac was nearly degraded by photolysis after 4days, while its concentration only decreased by 42% after 57days of exposure to bacteria in aerobic media and barely 1% in anaerobic media. For sulfamethoxazole, 84% of the initial concentration was still present after 11days of exposure to light, while biodegradation decreased its concentration by 33% after 58days of exposure under aerobic conditions and 5% after 70days of anaerobic exposure. In addition, several transformation products were observed and persisted over time while others degraded in turn. For diclofenac, chlorine atoms were lost primarily in the photolysis, while a redox reaction was promoted by biodegradation under aerobic conditions. For sulfamethoxazole, isomerization was favored by photolysis while a redox reaction was also favored by the biodegradation under aerobic conditions. To summarize this study points out the occurrence of different transformation products under variable degradation conditions and demonstrates that specific functional groups are involved in the tested natural attenuation processes. Given the complexity of environmental samples more analytical effort is needed to fully identify new products of potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Poirier-Larabie
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Science and Water Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - P A Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - C Gagnon
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Science and Water Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada.
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Christophoridis C, Nika MC, Aalizadeh R, Thomaidis NS. Ozonation of ranitidine: Effect of experimental parameters and identification of transformation products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:170-182. [PMID: 27133934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of experimental parameters on the removal of ranitidine (RAN) during ozonation and the identification of the formed transformation products (TPs). The influence of pH value, the initial concentrations, the inorganic and the organic matter on RAN's removal were evaluated. Results indicated high reactivity of RAN with molecular aqueous ozone. Initial ozone concentration and pH were proven the major process parameters. Alkaline pH values promoted degradation and overall mineralization. Dissolved organic matter reacts competitively to RAN with the oxidants (ozone and/or radicals), influencing the target compound's removal. The presence of inorganic ions in the matrix did not seem to affect RAN ozonation. A total of eleven TPs were identified and structurally elucidated, with the complementary use of both Reversed Phase (RP) and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q-ToF-MS/MS). Most of the TPs (TP-304, TP-315b, TP-299b, TP-333, TP-283) were generated by the attack of ozone at the double bond or the adjacent secondary amine, with the abstraction of NO2 moiety, forming TPs with an aldehyde group and an imine bond. Oxidized derivatives with a carboxylic group (TP-315a, TP-331a, TP-331b, TP-299a) were also formed. RAN S-oxide was identified as an ozonation TP (TP-330) and its structure was confirmed through the analysis of a reference standard. TP-214 was also produced during ozonation, through the CN bond rupture adjacent to the NO2 moiety. HILIC was used complementary to RP, either for the separation and identification of TPs with isomeric structures that may have been co-eluted in RPLC or for the detection of new TPs that were not eluted in the RP chromatographic system. Retention time prediction was used as a supporting tool for the identification of TPs and results were in accordance with the experimental ones in both RP and HILIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophoros Christophoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
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Rozas O, Vidal C, Baeza C, Jardim WF, Rossner A, Mansilla HD. Organic micropollutants (OMPs) in natural waters: Oxidation by UV/H2O2 treatment and toxicity assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 98:109-18. [PMID: 27085962 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) are ubiquitous in natural waters even in places where the human activity is limited. The presence of OMPs in natural water sources for human consumption encourages the evaluation of different water purification technologies to ensure water quality. In this study, the Biobío river (Chile) was selected since the watershed includes urban settlements and economic activities (i.e. agriculture, forestry) that incorporate a variety of OMPs into the aquatic environment, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Atrazine (herbicide), caffeine (psychotropic), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory) and triclosan (antimicrobial) in Biobío river water and in different stages of a drinking and two wastewater treatment plants downstream Biobío river were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and electrospray ionization (ESI). Quantification of these four compounds showed concentrations in the range of 8 ± 2 to 55 ± 10 ng L(-1) in Biobío river water, 11 ± 2 to 74 ± 21 ng L(-1) in the drinking water treatment plant, and 60 ± 10 to 15,000 ± 1300 ng L(-1) in the wastewater treatment plants. Caffeine was used as an indicator of wastewater discharges. Because conventional water treatment technologies are not designed to eliminate some emerging organic pollutants, alternative treatment processes, UV and UV/H2O2, were employed. The transformation of atrazine, carbamazepine (antiepileptic), diclofenac and triclosan was investigated at laboratory scale. Both processes were tested at different UV doses and the Biobío river water matrix effects were evaluated. Initial H2O2 concentration used was 10 mg L(-1). Results showed that, the transformation profile obtained using UV/H2O2 at UV doses up to 900 mJ cm(-2), followed the trend of diclofenac > triclosan > atrazine > carbamazepine. Furthermore acute toxicity tests with Daphnia magna were carried out after UV/H2O2 treatments of the OMPs mixture studied. At the lower UV doses tested (300 mJ cm(-2)) a higher toxicity was observed, suggesting the formation of toxic intermediates in the course of the reaction. As expected, at higher UV doses the toxicity declined. Considering the treatment of the mixture of ATZ, CBZ, DCL and TCS with a UV dose of 1200 mJ cm(-2) and 10 mg L(-1) of H2O2 the acute toxicity results exhibits values for Daphnia magna immobilization equal to 20 and 42% evaluated after 24 and 48 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rozas
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Cristiane Vidal
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carolina Baeza
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Wilson F Jardim
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alfred Rossner
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Héctor D Mansilla
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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128
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Biodegradation of ketoprofen using a microalgal–bacterial consortium. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1493-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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129
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Barbosa MO, Moreira NFF, Ribeiro AR, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. Occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants: An overview of the watch list of EU Decision 2015/495. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 94:257-279. [PMID: 26967909 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although there are no legal discharge limits for micropollutants into the environment, some regulations have been published in the last few years. Recently, a watch list of substances for European Union-wide monitoring was reported in the Decision 2015/495/EU of 20 March 2015. Besides the substances previously recommended to be included by the Directive 39/2013/EU, namely two pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and the synthetic hormone 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) and a natural hormone (17-beta-estradiol (E2)), the first watch list of 10 substances/groups of substances also refers three macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin), other natural hormone (estrone (E1)), some pesticides (methiocarb, oxadiazon, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid and triallate), a UV filter (2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate) and an antioxidant (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) commonly used as food additive. Since little is known about the removal of most of the substances included in the Decision 2015/495/EU, particularly regarding realistic concentrations in aqueous environmental samples, this review aims to: (i) overview the European policy in the water field; (ii) briefly describe the most commonly used conventional and advanced treatment processes to remove micropollutants; (iii) summarize the relevant data published in the last decade, regarding occurrence and removal in aqueous matrices of the 10 substances/groups of substances that were recently included in the first watch list for European Union monitoring (Decision 2015/495/EU); and (iv) highlight the lack of reports concerning some substances of the watch list, the study of un-spiked aquatic matrices and the assessment of transformation by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F F Moreira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel F R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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130
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Bácsi I, B-Béres V, Kókai Z, Gonda S, Novák Z, Nagy SA, Vasas G. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on cyanobacteria and algae in laboratory strains and in natural algal assemblages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:508-518. [PMID: 26967537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years measurable concentrations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown in the aquatic environment as a result of increasing human consumption. Effects of five frequently used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, diflunisal, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid and piroxicam in 0.1 mg ml(-1) concentration) in batch cultures of cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus, Microcystis aeruginosa, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii), and eukaryotic algae (Desmodesmus communis, Haematococcus pluvialis, Cryptomonas ovata) were studied. Furthermore, the effects of the same concentrations of NSAIDs were investigated in natural algal assemblages in microcosms. According to the changes of chlorophyll-a content, unicellular cyanobacteria seemed to be more tolerant to NSAIDs than eukaryotic algae in laboratory experiments. Growth of eukaryotic algae was reduced by all drugs, the cryptomonad C. ovata was the most sensitive to NSAIDs, while the flagellated green alga H. pluvialis was more sensitive than the non-motile green alga D. communis. NSAID treatments had weaker impact in the natural assemblages dominated by cyanobacteria than in the ones dominated by eukaryotic algae, confirming the results of laboratory experiments. Diversity and number of functional groups did not change notably in cyanobacteria dominated assemblages, while they decreased significantly in eukaryotic algae dominated ones compared to controls. The results highlight that cyanobacteria (especially unicellular ones) are less sensitive to the studied, mostly hardly degradable NSAIDs, which suggest that their accumulation in water bodies may contribute to the expansion of cyanobacterial mass productions in appropriate environmental circumstances by pushing back eukaryotic algae. Thus, these contaminants require special attention during wastewater treatment and monitoring of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Bácsi
- University of Debrecen, Department of Hydrobiology, P.O. Box 57, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Viktória B-Béres
- Hajdú-Bihar County Government Office, Department of Environment and Conservation, Environmental Laboratory, 4025 Debrecen, Hatvan Street 16, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kókai
- Hajdú-Bihar County Government Office, Department of Environment and Conservation, Environmental Laboratory, 4025 Debrecen, Hatvan Street 16, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- University of Debrecen, Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, P.O. Box 14, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- University of Debrecen, Department of Hydrobiology, P.O. Box 57, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Alex Nagy
- University of Debrecen, Department of Hydrobiology, P.O. Box 57, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- University of Debrecen, Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, P.O. Box 14, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
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131
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Nazari G, Abolghasemi H, Esmaieli M. Study of Mass Transfer Coefficient of Cephalexin Adsorption onto Walnut Shell-Based Activated Carbon in a Fixed-Bed Column. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht10.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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132
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Musmarra D, Prisciandaro M, Capocelli M, Karatza D, Iovino P, Canzano S, Lancia A. Degradation of ibuprofen by hydrodynamic cavitation: Reaction pathways and effect of operational parameters. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:76-83. [PMID: 26584987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBP) is an anti-inflammatory drug whose residues can be found worldwide in natural water bodies resulting in harmful effects to aquatic species even at low concentrations. This paper deals with the degradation of IBP in water by hydrodynamic cavitation in a convergent-divergent nozzle. Over 60% of ibuprofen was degraded in 60 min with an electrical energy per order (EEO) of 10.77 kWh m(-3) at an initial concentration of 200 μg L(-1) and a relative inlet pressure pin=0.35 MPa. Five intermediates generated from different hydroxylation reactions were identified; the potential mechanisms of degradation were sketched and discussed. The reaction pathways recognized are in line with the relevant literature, both experimental and theoretical. By varying the pressure upstream the constriction, different degradation rates were observed. This effect was discussed according to a numerical simulation of the hydroxyl radical production identifying a clear correspondence between the maximum kinetic constant kOH and the maximum calculated OH production. Furthermore, in the investigated experimental conditions, the pH parameter was found not to affect the extent of degradation; this peculiar feature agrees with a recently published kinetic insight and has been explained in the light of the intermediates of the different reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Musmarra
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Marina Prisciandaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione e di Economia, Università dell'Aquila, viale Giovanni Gronchi 18, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mauro Capocelli
- Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Despina Karatza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Silvana Canzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Amedeo Lancia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Piazzale V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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133
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Selvaraj R, Al Fahdi T, Al-Wahaibi B, Al-Kindy SMZ, Al-Nofli K, Al-Lawati H. Nanotechnology: a clean and sustainable technology for the degradation of pharmaceuticals present in water and wastewater. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2016; 31:75-78. [PMID: 26812846 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, newly recognized classes of environmental pollutants, are becoming increasingly problematic contaminants of either surface water or ground water around industrial and residential communities. Pharmaceuticals are constantly released into aquatic environments, mainly due to their widespread consumption and complicated removal in wastewater treatment plants. Heterogeneous photocatalysis appear to be one of the most destructive advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for organic contaminants and are possible to obtain complete mineralization of organic pollutants into eco-friendly end products under visible and solar light irradiation. In this study, flower-like In2S3 hierarchical nanostructures were successfully prepared via a facile solution-phase route, using thioacetamide as both sulfur source and capping agent. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) of the flowers revealed that the cubic structure of In2S3; morphological studies examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the synthesized In2S3 nanostructure was flower-like hierarchitecture assembled from nanoscale flakes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the stoichiometry of In2S3 nanoflowers. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity studies revealed that the prepared indium(III) sulfide(In2S3) nanoflowers exhibit an excellent photocatalytic performance, degrading rapidly the aqueous pharmaceutical solution of Lisinopril under visible light irradiation. These results suggest that In2S3 nanoflowers will be a promising candidate of photocatalyst working in thevisible light range.
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134
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Russo D, Spasiano D, Vaccaro M, Cochran KH, Richardson SD, Andreozzi R, Li Puma G, Reis NM, Marotta R. Investigation on the removal of the major cocaine metabolite (benzoylecgonine) in water matrices by UV254/H2O2 process by using a flow microcapillary film array photoreactor as an efficient experimental tool. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 89:375-383. [PMID: 26735209 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A microcapillary film reactor (MCF) was adopted to evaluate and compare the removal efficiency of benzoylecgonine (BE), an emerging micropollutant deriving from illicit drug abuse (cocaine), in different aqueous matrices: milliQ water, synthetic and real wastewater and surface water. The removal processes investigated were the direct photolysis with UV radiation at 254 nm, and the advanced oxidation process (AOP) with the same UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide. As a result of the microfluidics approach developed through an innovative experimental apparatus, full conversion of BE was reached within a few seconds or minutes of residence time in the MCF depending on the process conditions adopted. The radiation dose was estimated to be approximately 5.5 J cm(-2). The innovative MCF reactor was found to be an effective tool for photochemical studies, especially when using highly priced, uncommon, or regulated substances. The removal efficiency was affected by the nature of the aqueous matrix, due to the presence of different xenobiotics and natural compounds that act primarily as HO(•) radical scavengers and secondly as inner UV254 filters. Moreover, nano-liquid chromatography (LC)-high resolution-mass spectrometry analysis was utilized to identify the main reaction transformation products, showing the formation of hydroxylated aromatics during the photochemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli "Federico II", P.le V. Tecchio, 80, Napoli 80125, Italy.
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli "Federico II", P.le V. Tecchio, 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Marianna Vaccaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli "Federico II", P.le V. Tecchio, 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Kristin H Cochran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Roberto Andreozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli "Federico II", P.le V. Tecchio, 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
| | - Gianluca Li Puma
- Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Nuno M Reis
- Environmental Nanocatalysis & Photoreaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Raffaele Marotta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli "Federico II", P.le V. Tecchio, 80, Napoli 80125, Italy
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135
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Nazari G, Abolghasemi H, Esmaieli M. Batch adsorption of cephalexin antibiotic from aqueous solution by walnut shell-based activated carbon. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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136
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Chen P, Song H, Zhou L, Chen J, Liu J, Yao S. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on ferroferric oxide nanoparticles doubly coated with chitosan and β-cyclodextrin in layer-by-layer mode for the separation of ibuprofen. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08000f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and β-cyclodextrin doubly coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was prepared and applied as magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent to separate ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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137
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Eslami A, Amini MM, Yazdanbakhsh AR, Rastkari N, Mohseni-Bandpei A, Nasseri S, Piroti E, Asadi A. Occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Tehran source water, municipal and hospital wastewaters, and their ecotoxicological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:734. [PMID: 26553436 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are becoming widely distributed in waters and wastewaters and pose a serious threat to public health. The present study aimed to analyze non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in surface waters, drinking water, and wastewater in Tehran, Iran. Thirty-six samples were collected from surface waters, tap water, and influent and effluent of municipal and hospital wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). A solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used for the determination of pharmaceuticals, namely ibuprofen (IBP), naproxen (NPX), diclofenac (DIC), and indomethacin (IDM). IBP was found in most of the samples and had the highest concentration. The highest concentrations of NSAIDs were found in the municipal WWTP influents and hospital WWTP effluents. In the municipal WWTP influent samples, the concentrations of IBP, NPX, DIC, and IDM were 1.05, 0.43, 0.23, and 0.11 μg/L, respectively. DIC was found only in one river sample. All NSAIDs were detected in tap water samples. However, their concentration was very low and the maximum values for IBP, NPX, DIC, and IDM were 47, 39, 24, and 37 ng/L, respectively, in tap water samples. Results showed that the measured pharmaceuticals were detected in all rivers with low concentrations in nanograms per liter range, except DIC which was found only in one river. Furthermore, this study showed that the aforementioned pharmaceuticals are not completely removed during their passage through WWTPs. A potential environmental risk of selected NSAIDs for the urban wastewater has been discussed. However, given their low measured concentrations, no ecotoxicological effect is suspected to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Eslami
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa M Amini
- Department of Chemistry, Shaihd Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoushiravan Mohseni-Bandpei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Nasseri
- Center for water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Piroti
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anvar Asadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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138
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Ganiyu SO, van Hullebusch ED, Cretin M, Esposito G, Oturan MA. Coupling of membrane filtration and advanced oxidation processes for removal of pharmaceutical residues: A critical review. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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139
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Kanakaraju D, Motti CA, Glass BD, Oelgemöller M. TiO2 photocatalysis of naproxen: effect of the water matrix, anions and diclofenac on degradation rates. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:579-88. [PMID: 26340372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) naproxen (NPX) has been studied using a laboratory-scale photoreactor equipped with a medium pressure mercury lamp. UV/TiO2 photocatalysis proved highly efficient in the elimination of NPX from a variety of water matrices, including distilled water, unfiltered river water and drinking water, although the rate of reaction was not always proportional to TiO2 concentration. However, the NPX degradation rate, which follows first-order kinetics, was appreciably reduced in river water spiked with phosphate and chloride ions, a dual anion system. Addition of chloride into drinking water enhanced the TiO2-photocatalysed degradation rate. Competitive degradation studies also revealed that the NPX degradation was greatly reduced in the presence of increased concentrations of another API, diclofenac (DCF). This was established by (i) the extent of mineralization, as determined by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, and (ii) the formation of intermediate NPX by-products, identified using liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization (positive and negative mode) mass spectrometry techniques. This study demonstrates that competition for active sites (anions or DCF) and formation of multiple photoproducts resulting from synergistic interactions (between both APIs) are key to the TiO2-photocatalysed NPX degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devagi Kanakaraju
- Discipline of Chemistry, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
| | - Cherie A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia
| | - Beverley D Glass
- Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- Discipline of Chemistry, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
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140
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Marchlewicz A, Guzik U, Wojcieszyńska D. Over-the-Counter Monocyclic Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Environment-Sources, Risks, Biodegradation. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2015; 226:355. [PMID: 26478634 PMCID: PMC4600096 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the increased use of monocyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has resulted in their presence in the environment. This may have potential negative effects on living organisms. The biotransformation mechanisms of monocyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the human body and in other mammals occur by hydroxylation and conjugation with glycine or glucuronic acid. Biotransformation/biodegradation of monocyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the environment may be caused by fungal or bacterial microorganisms. Salicylic acid derivatives are degraded by catechol or gentisate as intermediates which are cleaved by dioxygenases. The key intermediate of the paracetamol degradation pathways is hydroquinone. Sometimes, after hydrolysis of this drug, 4-aminophenol is formed, which is a dead-end metabolite. Ibuprofen is metabolized by hydroxylation or activation with CoA, resulting in the formation of isobutylocatechol. The aim of this work is to attempt to summarize the knowledge about environmental risk connected with the presence of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs, their sources and the biotransformation and/or biodegradation pathways of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Marchlewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Guzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Wojcieszyńska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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141
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Voulvoulis N, Barceló D, Verlicchi P. Pharmaceutical Residues in Sewage Treatment Works and their Fate in the Receiving Environment. PHARMACEUTICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622345-00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are increasingly used in large amounts in human (and veterinary) medicine around the world. They reach the aquatic environment mainly through sewage treatment systems and can reach μg l−1 levels. The continual input of pharmaceuticals to the aquatic environment, via sewage, can also impart a persistent quality to compounds that otherwise possess no inherent environmental stability. While the literature contains increasing numbers of studies detailing fate, effects and behaviour in the environment, the subject is still not fully understood for all the different therapeutic classes. The toxicological significance for non-target (especially aquatic) organisms is poorly understood. The use/release of antibiotics and natural/synthetic steroids to the environment has generated most of the concern to date, but a plethora of other drugs are increasingly attracting attention, as their biological activity alone may support ecotoxicity assessments of those compounds with high production volumes (or toxicity), especially in view of the increasing importance of freshwater resources. Pharmaceuticals display a variety of removal efficiencies during wastewater treatment and their fate and behaviour are not determined by their physicochemical properties alone. Despite the fact that many drugs have high sorption potentials, partitioning to the solid phase was determined to be an unlikely removal pathway for the majority of compounds. The partitioning behaviour of these compounds both in sewage treatment and the aquatic environment is likely to be dictated by a number of physicochemical parameters. Findings also indicate that the costs of using tertiary treatment options (mainly based on drinking water treatment) to remove drugs from wastewater effluent are likely to be prohibitively expensive, and potentially undesirable, due sustainability implications. While adjusting existing treatment parameters may increase the removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals, any changes to sewage treatment parameters would need to be offset against the economic and environmental costs. Likewise, any regulations on drug use must be balanced against health benefits. If receiving waters are used for potable supplies, the presence of these compounds may (although it is unlikely) represent a potential hazard to human health, especially in areas without advanced water treatment. The focus for future research should therefore be on proper and sufficient science for establishing the occurrence, exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment, so that sound decisions can be made regarding human and ecological health.
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142
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Kohay H, Izbitski A, Mishael YG. Developing Polycation-Clay Sorbents for Efficient Filtration of Diclofenac: Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter and Comparison to Activated Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9280-9288. [PMID: 26126078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nanoconcentrations of persistent pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater effluent and in surface water has been frequently reported. A novel organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent based on adsorbing quarternized poly vinylpyridinium-co-styrene (QPVPcS) to montmorillonite (MMT) was designed for the removal of the anionic micropollutants. QPVPcS-clay composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, thermal gravimetric analysis, Zeta potential and element analysis. Based on these measurements polymer-clay micro- and nanostructures, as a function of polymer loading, were suggested. The affinity of the anionic pharmaceutical, diclofenac (DCF), to the composite was high and did not decrease dramatically with an increase of ionic strength, indicating that the interactions are not only electrostatic. The presence of humic acid (HA) did not hinder DCF removal by the composite; whereas, its filtration by granulated activated carbon (GAC) was compromised in the presence of HA. The kinetics and adsorption at equilibrium of DCF to the composite and to GAC were measured and modeled by the time dependent Langmuir equation. The adsorption of DCF to the composite was significantly faster than to GAC. Accordingly, the filtration of micro- and nanoconcentrations of DCF by composite columns, in the presence of HA, was more efficient than by GAC columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagay Kohay
- Department of Soil and Water Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avital Izbitski
- Department of Soil and Water Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael G Mishael
- Department of Soil and Water Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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143
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Singh A, Havixbeck JJ, Smith MK, Shu Z, Tierney KB, Barreda DR, El-Din MG, Belosevic M. UV and hydrogen peroxide treatment restores changes in innate immunity caused by exposure of fish to reuse water. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 71:257-273. [PMID: 25622003 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the innate immunity of goldfish exposed to reuse water, and UV/H2O2-treated reuse water, using a real-time flow-through exposure system. The reuse water generated by ultrafiltration of finished wastewater from the municipal wastewater treatment plant was analyzed for the presence of a panel of 20 herbicides/fungicides and 46 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP). There was a seasonal variation in the profile and concentrations of xenobiotics in reuse water with lowest levels occurring in the summer. The innate immunity parameters assessed were cytokine (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα2), and cytokine receptor (TNFR1, TNFR2, IFNGR1, IFNGR2) gene expression, and phagocytosis of kidney leukocyte subpopulations. Assessment of innate immunity parameters was done after acute (7 days) and sub chronic (30 and 60 days) exposure to reuse water, UV/H2O2-treated reuse water, and activated carbon-treated reuse water (ACT; control), during spring, summer and fall of 2012. Temporal (acute versus sub chronic) as well as seasonal differences in innate immunity of fish exposed to reuse water were observed. The acute exposure of fish to reuse water caused significant down-regulation in cytokine gene expression in different organs of fish (kidney, spleen, liver) and phagocytic ability of different kidney leukocyte subpopulations. The immune gene expression and phagocytosis of kidney leukocytes of fish returned to ACT control levels after sub chronic exposure suggesting that fish have habituated to the reuse water exposure. The changes in gene expression after acute exposure were related to variations in the profile of xenobiotics in reuse water during different seasons. The efficiency of xenobiotic removal using UV/H2O2 ranged between 1.6 and 100% indicating that treatment of reuse water using high dose UV/H2O2 was only partially effective in removing the xenobiotics, as assessed by both chemical analyses and measurement of innate immune responsiveness of the fish. Furthermore, exposure of fish to reuse water and UV/H2O2-treated reuse water generated in the spring and fall caused greater changes in innate immunity after acute exposure, compared to fish exposed to ACT reuse water, indicating that the remediation of reuse water, should be considered in order to protect aquatic and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvinder Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Havixbeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew K Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zengquan Shu
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Keith B Tierney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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144
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Lolić A, Paíga P, Santos LHMLM, Ramos S, Correia M, Delerue-Matos C. Assessment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in seawaters of North of Portugal: occurrence and environmental risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 508:240-50. [PMID: 25481252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of seven pharmaceuticals and two metabolites belonging to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics therapeutic classes was studied in seawaters. A total of 101 samples covering fourteen beaches and five cities were evaluated in order to assess the spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals among north Portuguese coast. Seawaters were selected in order to embrace different bathing water quality (excellent, good and sufficient). Acetaminophen, ketoprofen and the metabolite hydroxyibuprofen were detected in all the seawater samples at maximum concentrations of 584, 89.7 and 287 ng L(-1), respectively. Carboxyibuprofen had the highest seawater concentration (1227 ng L(-1)). The temporal distribution of the selected pharmaceuticals during the bathing season showed that, in general, higher concentrations were detected in August and September. The environmental risk posed by the pharmaceuticals detected in seawaters towards different trophic levels (fish, daphnids and algae) was also assessed. Only diclofenac showed hazard quotients above one for fish, representing a potential risk for aquatic organisms. These results were observed in seawaters classified as excellent bathing water. Additional data is needed in order to support the identification and prioritization of risks posed by pharmaceuticals in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Lolić
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paula Paíga
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia H M L M Santos
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Ramos
- CEAUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal and LEMA, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Correia
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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145
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Choina J, Bagabas A, Fischer C, Flechsig GU, Kosslick H, Alshammari A, Schulz A. The influence of the textural properties of ZnO nanoparticles on adsorption and photocatalytic remediation of water from pharmaceuticals. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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146
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147
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Yamal-Turbay E, Ortega E, Conte LO, Graells M, Mansilla HD, Alfano OM, Pérez-Moya M. Photonic efficiency of the photodegradation of paracetamol in water by the photo-Fenton process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:938-945. [PMID: 24816464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study of the homogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton degradation of 4-amidophenol (paracetamol, PCT) is presented. For all the operation conditions evaluated, PCT degradation is efficiently attained by both Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. Also, photonic efficiencies of PCT degradation and mineralization are determined under different experimental conditions, characterizing the influence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Fe(II) on both contaminant degradation and sample mineralization. The maximum photonic degradation efficiencies for 5 and 10 mg L(-1) Fe(II) were 3.9 (H2O2 = 189 mg L(-1)) and 5 (H2O2 = 378 mg L(-1)), respectively. For higher concentrations of oxidant, H2O2 acts as a "scavenger" radical, competing in pollutant degradation and reducing the reaction rate. Moreover, in order to quantify the consumption of the oxidizing agent, the specific consumption of the hydrogen peroxide was also evaluated. For all operating conditions of both hydrogen peroxide and Fe(II) concentration, the consumption values obtained for Fenton process were always higher than the corresponding values observed for photo-Fenton. This implies a less efficient use of the oxidizing agent for dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yamal-Turbay
- Escola Universitària d'Enginyeria Tècnica Industrial de Barcelona, c/Comte d'Urgell 187, 08036, Barcelona, Spain,
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148
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Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Wastewater. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS): ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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149
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Van Doorslaer X, Dewulf J, Van Langenhove H, Demeestere K. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: an emerging class of environmental micropollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 500-501:250-69. [PMID: 25226071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of different chemical and environmental aspects concerning fluoroquinolone antibiotics as emerging contaminants. A literature survey has been performed based on 204 papers from 1998 to mid-2013, resulting in a dataset consisting out of 4100 data points related to physical-chemical properties, environmental occurrence, removal efficiencies, and ecotoxicological data. In a first part, an overview is given on relevant physical-chemical parameters to better understand the behavior of fluoroquinolones during wastewater treatment and in the environment. Secondly, the route of these antibiotics after their application in both human and veterinary surroundings is discussed. Thirdly, the occurrence of fluoroquinolone residues is discussed for different environmental matrices. The final part of this review provides a tentative risk assessment of fluoroquinolone compounds and their transformation products in surface waters by means of hazard quotients. Overall, this review shows that fluoroquinolone antibiotics have a wide spread use and that their behavior during wastewater treatment is complex with an incomplete removal. As a result, it is observed that these biorecalcitrant compounds are present in different environmental matrices at potentially hazardous concentrations for the aquatic environment. The latter calls for actions on both the consumption as well as the wastewater treatment aspect to diminish the discharge of these biological active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xander Van Doorslaer
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Dewulf
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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150
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Singh KP, Rai P, Singh AK, Verma P, Gupta S. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater of north Indian cities and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:6663-6682. [PMID: 25004851 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six pharmaceuticals of different categories, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac), anti-epileptic (carbamazepine), and anti-microbial (trimethoprim), were investigated in wastewater of the urban areas of Ghaziabad and Lucknow, India. Samples were concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The SPE-HPLC method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. All the six drugs were detected in wastewater of Ghaziabad, whereas naproxen was not detected in Lucknow wastewater. Results suggest that levels of these detected drugs were relatively higher in Ghaziabad as compared to those in Lucknow, and diclofenac was the most frequently detected drug in both the study areas. Detection of these drugs in wastewater reflects the importance of wastewater inputs as a source of pharmaceuticals. In terms of the regional distribution of compounds in wastewater of two cities, higher spatial variations (coefficient of variation 112.90-459.44%) were found in the Lucknow wastewater due to poor water exchange ability. In contrast, lower spatial variation (162.38-303.77%) was observed in Ghaziabad. Statistical analysis results suggest that both data were highly skewed, and populations in two study areas were significantly different (p < 0.05). A risk assessment based on the calculated risk quotient (RQ) in six different bioassays (bacteria, duckweed, algae, daphnia, rotifers, and fish) showed that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) posed high (RQ >1) risk to all the test species. The present study would contribute to the formulation of guidelines for regulation of such emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar P Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India,
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