101
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Tanimura A, Shen W, Wokosin D, Surmeier DJ. Pathway-Specific Remodeling of Thalamostriatal Synapses in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1164-1174. [PMID: 35485341 PMCID: PMC9232945 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The network pathophysiology underlying the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood. In models of late-stage PD, there is significant cell-specific remodeling of corticostriatal, axospinous glutamatergic synapses on principal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Neurons in the centrolateral nucleus (CLN) of the thalamus that relay cerebellar activity to the striatum also make axospinous synapses on SPNs, but the extent to which they are affected in PD has not been definitively characterized. OBJECTIVE To fill this gap, transgenic mice in which CLN neurons express Cre recombinase were used in conjunction with optogenetic and circuit mapping approaches to determine changes in the CLN projection to SPNs in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of late-stage PD. METHODS Adeno-associated virus vectors carrying Cre-dependent opsin expression constructs were stereotaxically injected into the CLN of Grp-KH288 mice in which CLN, but not parafascicular nucleus neurons, expressed Cre recombinase. The properties of this projection to identify direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs) and indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) were then studied in ex vivo brain slices of the dorsolateral striatum from control and 6-OHDA lesioned mice using anatomic, optogenetic, and electrophysiological approaches. RESULTS Optogenetically evoked excitatory synaptic currents in both iSPNs and dSPNs were reduced in lesioned mice; however, the reduction was significantly greater in dSPNs. In iSPNs, the reduction in evoked responses was attributable to synaptic pruning, because synaptic channelrhodopsin assisted circuit mapping (sCRACm) revealed fewer synapses per cell after lesioning. In contrast, sCRACm mapping of CLN inputs to dSPNs failed to detect any change in synapse abundance in lesioned mice. However, the ratio of currents through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors to those through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors was significantly reduced in dSPNs. Moreover, the distribution of currents evoked by optical stimulation of individual synapses shifted toward smaller amplitudes by lesioning, suggesting that they had undergone long-term depression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CLN projection to the striatum undergoes a pathway-specific remodeling that could contribute to the circuit imbalance thought to drive the hypokinetic features of PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Tanimura
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David Wokosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - D. James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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102
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Tokarska A, Silberberg G. GABAergic interneurons expressing the α2 nicotinic receptor subunit are functionally integrated in the striatal microcircuit. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110842. [PMID: 35613598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between the striatal cholinergic and GABAergic systems are crucial in shaping reward-related behavior and reinforcement learning; however, the synaptic pathways mediating them are largely unknown. Here, we use Chrna2-Cre mice to characterize striatal interneurons (INs) expressing the nicotinic α2 receptor subunit. Using triple patch-clamp recordings combined with optogenetic stimulations, we characterize the electrophysiological, morphological, and synaptic properties of striatal Chrna2-INs. Striatal Chrna2-INs have diverse electrophysiological properties, distinct from their counterparts in other brain regions, including the hippocampus and neocortex. Unlike in other regions, most striatal Chrna2-INs are fast-spiking INs expressing parvalbumin. Striatal Chrna2-INs are intricately integrated in the striatal microcircuit, forming inhibitory synaptic connections with striatal projection neurons and INs, including other Chrna2-INs. They receive excitatory inputs from primary motor cortex mediated by both AMPA and NMDA receptors. A subpopulation of Chrna2-INs responds to nicotinic input, suggesting reciprocal interactions between this GABAergic interneuron population and striatal cholinergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tokarska
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilad Silberberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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103
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Onodera K, Kato HK. Translaminar recurrence from layer 5 suppresses superficial cortical layers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2585. [PMID: 35546553 PMCID: PMC9095870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Information flow in the sensory cortex has been described as a predominantly feedforward sequence with deep layers as the output structure. Although recurrent excitatory projections from layer 5 (L5) to superficial L2/3 have been identified by anatomical and physiological studies, their functional impact on sensory processing remains unclear. Here, we use layer-selective optogenetic manipulations in the primary auditory cortex to demonstrate that feedback inputs from L5 suppress the activity of superficial layers regardless of the arousal level, contrary to the prediction from their excitatory connectivity. This suppressive effect is predominantly mediated by translaminar circuitry through intratelencephalic neurons, with an additional contribution of subcortical projections by pyramidal tract neurons. Furthermore, L5 activation sharpened tone-evoked responses of superficial layers in both frequency and time domains, indicating its impact on cortical spectro-temporal integration. Together, our findings establish a translaminar inhibitory recurrence from deep layers that sharpens feature selectivity in superficial cortical layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koun Onodera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- JSPS Overseas Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki K Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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104
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Burke DA, Alvarez VA. Serotonin receptors contribute to dopamine depression of lateral inhibition in the nucleus accumbens. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110795. [PMID: 35545050 PMCID: PMC9171783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine modulation of nucleus accumbens (NAc) circuitry is central to theories of reward seeking and reinforcement learning. Despite decades of effort, the acute dopamine actions on the NAc microcircuitry remain puzzling. Here, we dissect out the direct actions of dopamine on lateral inhibition between medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in mouse brain slices and find that they are pathway specific. Dopamine potently depresses GABAergic transmission from presynaptic dopamine D2 receptor-expressing MSNs (D2-MSNs), whereas it potentiates transmission from presynaptic dopamine D1 receptor-expressing MSNs (D1-MSNs) onto other D1-MSNs. To our surprise, presynaptic D2 receptors mediate only half of the depression induced by endogenous and exogenous dopamine. Presynaptic serotonin 5-HT1B receptors are responsible for a significant component of dopamine-induced synaptic depression. This study clarifies the mechanistic understanding of dopamine actions in the NAc by showing pathway-specific modulation of lateral inhibition and involvement of D2 and 5-HT1B receptors in dopamine depression of D2-MSN synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Burke
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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105
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Sokhadze G, Campbell PW, Charalambakis N, Govindaiah G, Guido W, McGee AW. Cre driver mouse lines for thalamocortical circuit mapping. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:1049-1063. [PMID: 34545582 PMCID: PMC9891227 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Subpopulations of neurons and associated neural circuits can be targeted in mice with genetic tools in a highly selective manner for visualization and manipulation. However, there are not well-defined Cre "driver" lines that target the expression of Cre recombinase to thalamocortical (TC) neurons. Here, we characterize three Cre driver lines for the nuclei of the dorsal thalamus: Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 3 (Olig3)-Cre, histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-Cre, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-Cre. We examined the postnatal distribution of Cre expression for each of these lines with the Cre-dependent reporter CAG-tdTomato (Ai9). Cre-dependent expression of tdTomato reveals that Olig3-Cre expresses broadly within the thalamus, including TC neurons and interneurons, while HDC-Cre and CRH-Cre each have unique patterns of expression restricted to TC neurons within and across the sensory relay nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. Cre expression is present by the time of natural birth in all three lines, underscoring their utility for developmental studies. To demonstrate the utility of these Cre drivers for studying sensory TC circuitry, we targeted the expression of channelrhodopsin-2 to thalamus from the CAG-COP4*H134R/EYFP (Ai32) allele with either HDC-Cre or CRH-Cre. Optogenetic activation of TC afferents in primary visual cortex was sufficient to measure frequency-dependent depression. Thus, these Cre drivers provide selective Cre-dependent gene expression in thalamus suitable for both anatomical and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guela Sokhadze
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Peter W. Campbell
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Naomi Charalambakis
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Gubbi Govindaiah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - William Guido
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Aaron W. McGee
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
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106
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Tsai NY, Wang F, Toma K, Yin C, Takatoh J, Pai EL, Wu K, Matcham AC, Yin L, Dang EJ, Marciano DK, Rubenstein JL, Wang F, Ullian EM, Duan X. Trans-Seq maps a selective mammalian retinotectal synapse instructed by Nephronectin. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:659-674. [PMID: 35524141 PMCID: PMC9172271 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mouse visual system serves as an accessible model to understand mammalian circuit wiring. Despite rich knowledge in retinal circuits, the long-range connectivity map from distinct retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types to diverse brain neuron types remains unknown. In this study, we developed an integrated approach, called Trans-Seq, to map RGCs to superior collicular (SC) circuits. Trans-Seq combines a fluorescent anterograde trans-synaptic tracer, consisting of codon-optimized wheat germ agglutinin fused to mCherry, with single-cell RNA sequencing. We used Trans-Seq to classify SC neuron types innervated by genetically defined RGC types and predicted a neuronal pair from αRGCs to Nephronectin-positive wide-field neurons (NPWFs). We validated this connection using genetic labeling, electrophysiology and retrograde tracing. We then used transcriptomic data from Trans-Seq to identify Nephronectin as a determinant for selective synaptic choice from αRGC to NPWFs via binding to Integrin α8β1. The Trans-Seq approach can be broadly applied for post-synaptic circuit discovery from genetically defined pre-synaptic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenichi Toma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Takatoh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily L Pai
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kongyan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angela C Matcham
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luping Yin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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107
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Formation of the Mouse Internal Capsule and Cerebral Peduncle: A Pioneering Role for Striatonigral Axons as Revealed in Isl1 Conditional Mutants. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3344-3364. [PMID: 35273083 PMCID: PMC9034787 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2291-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The projection neurons of the striatum, the principal nucleus of the basal ganglia, belong to one of the following two major pathways: the striatopallidal (indirect) pathway or the striatonigral (direct) pathway. Striatonigral axons project long distances and encounter ascending tracts (thalamocortical) while coursing alongside descending tracts (corticofugal) as they extend through the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle. These observations suggest that striatal circuitry may help to guide their trajectories. To investigate the developmental contributions of striatonigral axons to internal capsule formation, we have made use of Sox8-EGFP (striatal direct pathway) and Fezf2-TdTomato (corticofugal pathway) BAC transgenic reporter mice in combination with immunohistochemical markers to trace these axonal pathways throughout development. We show that striatonigral axons pioneer the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle and are temporally and spatially well positioned to provide guidance for corticofugal and thalamocortical axons. Using Isl1 conditional knock-out (cKO) mice, which exhibit disrupted striatonigral axon outgrowth, we observe both corticofugal and thalamocortical axon defects with either ventral forebrain- or telencephalon-specific Isl1 inactivation, despite Isl1 not being expressed in either cortical or thalamic projection neurons. Striatonigral axon defects can thus disrupt internal capsule formation. Our genome-wide transcriptomic analysis in Isl1 cKOs reveals changes in gene expression relevant to cell adhesion, growth cone dynamics, and extracellular matrix composition, suggesting potential mechanisms by which the striatonigral pathway exerts this guidance role. Together, our data support a novel pioneering role for the striatal direct pathway in the correct assembly of the ascending and descending axon tracts within the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei with established roles in the coordination of voluntary motor programs, aspects of cognition, and the selection of appropriate social behaviors. Hence, disruptions in basal ganglia connectivity have been implicated in the motor, cognitive, and social dysfunction characterizing common neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and tic disorder. Here, we identified a novel role for the striatonigral (direct) pathway in pioneering the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle, and in guiding axons extending to and from the cortex. Our findings suggest that the abnormal development of basal ganglia circuits can drive secondary internal capsule defects and thereby may contribute to the pathology of these disorders.
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108
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Bharioke A, Munz M, Brignall A, Kosche G, Eizinger MF, Ledergerber N, Hillier D, Gross-Scherf B, Conzelmann KK, Macé E, Roska B. General anesthesia globally synchronizes activity selectively in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons. Neuron 2022; 110:2024-2040.e10. [PMID: 35452606 PMCID: PMC9235854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
General anesthetics induce loss of consciousness, a global change in behavior. However, a corresponding global change in activity in the context of defined cortical cell types has not been identified. Here, we show that spontaneous activity of mouse layer 5 pyramidal neurons, but of no other cortical cell type, becomes consistently synchronized in vivo by different general anesthetics. This heightened neuronal synchrony is aperiodic, present across large distances, and absent in cortical neurons presynaptic to layer 5 pyramidal neurons. During the transition to and from anesthesia, changes in synchrony in layer 5 coincide with the loss and recovery of consciousness. Activity within both apical and basal dendrites is synchronous, but only basal dendrites’ activity is temporally locked to somatic activity. Given that layer 5 is a major cortical output, our results suggest that brain-wide synchrony in layer 5 pyramidal neurons may contribute to the loss of consciousness during general anesthesia. Activity of layer 5 PNs synchronizes globally in different anesthetics Other mouse cortical cell types show no consistent increase in synchrony Changes in layer 5 synchrony coincide with the loss and recovery of consciousness Basal, but not apical, layer 5 dendrites are in synchrony with somas
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Bharioke
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Munz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Brignall
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kosche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Ferdinand Eizinger
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Virology, Medical Faculty and Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Ledergerber
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hillier
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitte Gross-Scherf
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Virology, Medical Faculty and Gene Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Emilie Macé
- Brain-Wide Circuits for Behavior Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Botond Roska
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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109
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Im S, Ueta Y, Otsuka T, Morishima M, Youssef M, Hirai Y, Kobayashi K, Kaneko R, Morita K, Kawaguchi Y. Corticocortical innervation subtypes of layer 5 intratelencephalic cells in the murine secondary motor cortex. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:50-67. [PMID: 35396593 PMCID: PMC9758586 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedback projections from the secondary motor cortex (M2) to the primary motor and sensory cortices are essential for behavior selection and sensory perception. Intratelencephalic (IT) cells in layer 5 (L5) contribute feedback projections to diverse cortical areas. Here we show that L5 IT cells participating in feedback connections to layer 1 (L1) exhibit distinct projection patterns, genetic profiles, and electrophysiological properties relative to other L5 IT cells. An analysis of the MouseLight database found that L5 IT cells preferentially targeting L1 project broadly to more cortical regions, including the perirhinal and auditory cortices, and innervate a larger volume of striatum than the other L5 IT cells. We found experimentally that in upper L5 (L5a), ER81 (ETV1) was found more often in L1-preferring IT cells, and in IT cells projecting to perirhinal/auditory regions than those projecting to primary motor or somatosensory regions. The perirhinal region-projecting L5a IT cells were synaptically connected to each other and displayed lower input resistance than contra-M2 projecting IT cells including L1-preferring and nonpreferring cells. Our findings suggest that M2-L5a IT L1-preferring cells exhibit stronger ER81 expression and broader cortical/striatal projection fields than do cells that do not preferentially target L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Im
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takeshi Otsuka
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mieko Morishima
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, Chiba 277-8567, Japan
| | - Mohammed Youssef
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8787, Japan,Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Yasuharu Hirai
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Bioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan,KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Morita
- Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Corresponding author: Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University Machida, Tokyo 1948610, Japan.
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110
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Genç B, Jara JH, Sanchez SS, Lagrimas AKB, Gözütok Ö, Koçak N, Zhu Y, Hande Özdinler P. Upper motor neurons are a target for gene therapy and UCHL1 is necessary and sufficient to improve cellular integrity of diseased upper motor neurons. Gene Ther 2022; 29:178-192. [PMID: 34853443 PMCID: PMC9018479 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are no effective cures for upper motor neuron (UMN) diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primary lateral sclerosis, and hereditary spastic paraplegia. Here, we show UMN loss occurs independent of spinal motor neuron degeneration and that UMNs are indeed effective cellular targets for gene therapy, which offers a potential solution especially for UMN disease patients. UCHL1 (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme crucial for maintaining free ubiquitin levels. Corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN, a.k.a UMNs in mice) show early, selective, and profound degeneration in Uchl1nm3419 (UCHL1-/-) mice, which lack all UCHL1 function. When UCHL1 activity is ablated only from spinal motor neurons, CSMN remained intact. However, restoring UCHL1 specifically in CSMN of UCHL1-/- mice via directed gene delivery was sufficient to improve CSMN integrity to the healthy control levels. In addition, when UCHL1 gene was delivered selectively to CSMN that are diseased due to misfolded SOD1 toxicity and TDP-43 pathology via AAV-mediated retrograde transduction, the disease causing misfolded SOD1 and mutant human TDP-43 were reduced in hSOD1G93A and prpTDP-43A315T models, respectively. Diseased CSMN retained their neuronal integrity and cytoarchitectural stability in two different mouse models that represent two distinct causes of neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Genç
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Javier H Jara
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Santana S Sanchez
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Amiko K B Lagrimas
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Öge Gözütok
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nuran Koçak
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yongling Zhu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - P Hande Özdinler
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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111
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Nelson AB, Girasole AE, Lee HY, Ptáček LJ, Kreitzer AC. Striatal Indirect Pathway Dysfunction Underlies Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia. J Neurosci 2022; 42:2835-2848. [PMID: 35165171 PMCID: PMC8973425 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1614-20.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal involuntary movements, or dyskinesias, are seen in many neurologic diseases, including disorders where the brain appears grossly normal. This observation suggests that alterations in neural activity or connectivity may underlie dyskinesias. One influential model proposes that involuntary movements are driven by an imbalance in the activity of striatal direct and indirect pathway neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs, respectively). Indeed, in some animal models, there is evidence that dMSN hyperactivity contributes to dyskinesia. Given the many diseases associated with dyskinesia, it is unclear whether these findings generalize to all forms. Here, we used male and female mice in a mouse model of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) to assess whether involuntary movements are related to aberrant activity in the striatal direct and indirect pathways. In this model, as in the human disorder PNKD, animals experience dyskinetic attacks in response to caffeine or alcohol. Using optically identified striatal single-unit recordings in freely moving PNKD mice, we found a loss of iMSN firing during dyskinesia bouts. Further, chemogenetic inhibition of iMSNs triggered dyskinetic episodes in PNKD mice. Finally, we found that these decreases in iMSN firing are likely because of aberrant endocannabinoid-mediated suppression of glutamatergic inputs. These data show that striatal iMSN dysfunction contributes to the etiology of dyskinesia in PNKD, and suggest that indirect pathway hypoactivity may be a key mechanism for the generation of involuntary movements in other disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Involuntary movements, or dyskinesias, are part of many inherited and acquired neurologic syndromes. There are few effective treatments, most of which have significant side effects. Better understanding of which cells and patterns of activity cause dyskinetic movements might inform the development of new neuromodulatory treatments. In this study, we used a mouse model of an inherited human form of paroxysmal dyskinesia in combination with cell type-specific tools to monitor and manipulate striatal activity. We were able to narrow in on a specific group of neurons that causes dyskinesia in this model, and found alterations in a well-known form of plasticity in this cell type, endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic LTD. These findings point to new areas for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Nelson
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Neurology, UCSF
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - Allison E Girasole
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Neurology, UCSF
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | | | - Louis J Ptáček
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Neurology, UCSF
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Neurology, UCSF
- Department of Physiology, UCSF
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
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112
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Inagaki HK, Chen S, Ridder MC, Sah P, Li N, Yang Z, Hasanbegovic H, Gao Z, Gerfen CR, Svoboda K. A midbrain-thalamus-cortex circuit reorganizes cortical dynamics to initiate movement. Cell 2022; 185:1065-1081.e23. [PMID: 35245431 PMCID: PMC8990337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Motor behaviors are often planned long before execution but only released after specific sensory events. Planning and execution are each associated with distinct patterns of motor cortex activity. Key questions are how these dynamic activity patterns are generated and how they relate to behavior. Here, we investigate the multi-regional neural circuits that link an auditory "Go cue" and the transition from planning to execution of directional licking. Ascending glutamatergic neurons in the midbrain reticular and pedunculopontine nuclei show short latency and phasic changes in spike rate that are selective for the Go cue. This signal is transmitted via the thalamus to the motor cortex, where it triggers a rapid reorganization of motor cortex state from planning-related activity to a motor command, which in turn drives appropriate movement. Our studies show how midbrain can control cortical dynamics via the thalamus for rapid and precise motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko K Inagaki
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Susu Chen
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Margreet C Ridder
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Joint Center for Neuroscience and Neural Engineering, and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Nuo Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zidan Yang
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hana Hasanbegovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karel Svoboda
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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113
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Trieu BH, Remmers BC, Toddes C, Brandner DD, Lefevre EM, Kocharian A, Retzlaff CL, Dick RM, Mashal MA, Gauthier EA, Xie W, Zhang Y, More SS, Rothwell PE. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gates brain circuit-specific plasticity via an endogenous opioid. Science 2022; 375:1177-1182. [PMID: 35201898 PMCID: PMC9233526 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl5130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) regulates blood pressure by cleaving angiotensin I to produce angiotensin II. In the brain, ACE is especially abundant in striatal tissue, but the function of ACE in striatal circuits remains poorly understood. We found that ACE degrades an unconventional enkephalin heptapeptide, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, in the nucleus accumbens of mice. ACE inhibition enhanced µ-opioid receptor activation by Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, causing a cell type-specific long-term depression of glutamate release onto medium spiny projection neurons expressing the Drd1 dopamine receptor. Systemic ACE inhibition was not intrinsically rewarding, but it led to a decrease in conditioned place preference caused by fentanyl administration and an enhancement of reciprocal social interaction. Our results raise the enticing prospect that central ACE inhibition can boost endogenous opioid signaling for clinical benefit while mitigating the risk of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Trieu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Bailey C. Remmers
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Carlee Toddes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Dieter D. Brandner
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Emilia M. Lefevre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Adrina Kocharian
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Retzlaff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Rachel M. Dick
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Mashal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Elysia A. Gauthier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis, USA
| | - Patrick E. Rothwell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, USA
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114
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Park J, Phillips JW, Guo JZ, Martin KA, Hantman AW, Dudman JT. Motor cortical output for skilled forelimb movement is selectively distributed across projection neuron classes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj5167. [PMID: 35263129 PMCID: PMC8906739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of descending neocortical outputs and subcortical premotor circuits is critical for shaping skilled movements. Two broad classes of motor cortical output projection neurons provide input to many subcortical motor areas: pyramidal tract (PT) neurons, which project throughout the neuraxis, and intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, which project within the cortex and subcortical striatum. It is unclear whether these classes are functionally in series or whether each class carries distinct components of descending motor control signals. Here, we combine large-scale neural recordings across all layers of motor cortex with cell type-specific perturbations to study cortically dependent mouse motor behaviors: kinematically variable manipulation of a joystick and a kinematically precise reach-to-grasp. We find that striatum-projecting IT neuron activity preferentially represents amplitude, whereas pons-projecting PT neurons preferentially represent the variable direction of forelimb movements. Thus, separable components of descending motor cortical commands are distributed across motor cortical projection cell classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchol Park
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - James W. Phillips
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian-Zhong Guo
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Adam W. Hantman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Joshua T. Dudman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
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115
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Tsoi SY, Öncül M, Svahn E, Robertson M, Bogdanowicz Z, McClure C, Sürmeli G. Telencephalic outputs from the medial entorhinal cortex are copied directly to the hippocampus. eLife 2022; 11:e73162. [PMID: 35188100 PMCID: PMC8940174 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary actions of the neocortex and the hippocampus enable encoding and long-term storage of experience dependent memories. Standard models for memory storage assume that sensory signals reach the hippocampus from superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex (EC). Deep layers of the EC on the other hand relay hippocampal outputs to the telencephalic structures including many parts of the neocortex. Here, we show that cells in layer 5a of the medial EC send a copy of their telencephalic outputs back to the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Combining cell-type-specific anatomical tracing with high-throughput RNA-sequencing based projection mapping and optogenetics aided circuit mapping, we show that in the mouse brain these projections have a unique topography and target hippocampal pyramidal cells and interneurons. Our results suggest that projections of deep medial EC neurons are anatomically configured to influence the hippocampus and neocortex simultaneously and therefore lead to novel hypotheses on the functional role of the deep EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Yee Tsoi
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Merve Öncül
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Ella Svahn
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Robertson
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Zuzanna Bogdanowicz
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Christina McClure
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Gülşen Sürmeli
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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116
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Morgenstern NA, Isidro AF, Israely I, Costa RM. Pyramidal tract neurons drive amplification of excitatory inputs to striatum through cholinergic interneurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabh4315. [PMID: 35138902 PMCID: PMC8827762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Corticostriatal connectivity is central for many cognitive and motor processes, such as reinforcement or action initiation and invigoration. The cortical input to the striatum arises from two main cortical populations: intratelencephalic (IT) and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons. We report a previously unknown excitatory circuit, supported by a polysynaptic motif from PT neurons to cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) to glutamate-releasing axons, which runs in parallel to the canonical monosynaptic corticostriatal connection. This motif conveys a delayed second phase of excitation to striatal spiny projection neurons, through an acetylcholine-dependent glutamate release mechanism mediated by α4-containing nicotinic receptors, resulting in biphasic corticostriatal signals. These biphasic signals are a hallmark of PT, but not IT, corticostriatal inputs, due to a stronger relative input from PT neurons to ChIs. These results describe a previously unidentified circuit mechanism by which PT activity amplifies excitatory inputs to the striatum, with potential implications for behavior, plasticity, and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Filipa Isidro
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Inbal Israely
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Neuroscience, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rui M. Costa
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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117
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Newmaster KT, Kronman FA, Wu YT, Kim Y. Seeing the Forest and Its Trees Together: Implementing 3D Light Microscopy Pipelines for Cell Type Mapping in the Mouse Brain. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:787601. [PMID: 35095432 PMCID: PMC8794814 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.787601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is composed of diverse neuronal and non-neuronal cell types with complex regional connectivity patterns that create the anatomical infrastructure underlying cognition. Remarkable advances in neuroscience techniques enable labeling and imaging of these individual cell types and their interactions throughout intact mammalian brains at a cellular resolution allowing neuroscientists to examine microscopic details in macroscopic brain circuits. Nevertheless, implementing these tools is fraught with many technical and analytical challenges with a need for high-level data analysis. Here we review key technical considerations for implementing a brain mapping pipeline using the mouse brain as a primary model system. Specifically, we provide practical details for choosing methods including cell type specific labeling, sample preparation (e.g., tissue clearing), microscopy modalities, image processing, and data analysis (e.g., image registration to standard atlases). We also highlight the need to develop better 3D atlases with standardized anatomical labels and nomenclature across species and developmental time points to extend the mapping to other species including humans and to facilitate data sharing, confederation, and integrative analysis. In summary, this review provides key elements and currently available resources to consider while developing and implementing high-resolution mapping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra T Newmaster
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Fae A Kronman
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuan-Ting Wu
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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118
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Kim TH, Schnitzer MJ. Fluorescence imaging of large-scale neural ensemble dynamics. Cell 2022; 185:9-41. [PMID: 34995519 PMCID: PMC8849612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across multiple brain areas and for extended durations in awake behaving mammals. We discuss advances in fluorescent indicators of neural activity, viral and genetic methods to express these indicators, chronic animal preparations for long-term imaging studies, and microscopes to monitor and manipulate the activity of large neural ensembles. Ca2+ imaging studies of neural activity can track brain area interactions and distributed information processing at cellular resolution. Across smaller spatial scales, high-speed voltage imaging reveals the distinctive spiking patterns and coding properties of targeted neuron types. Collectively, these innovations will propel studies of brain function and dovetail with ongoing neuroscience initiatives to identify new neuron types and develop widely applicable, non-human primate models. The optical toolkit's growing sophistication also suggests that "brain observatory" facilities would be useful open resources for future brain-imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Hyun Kim
- James Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Mark J Schnitzer
- James Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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119
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Emerging strategies for the genetic dissection of gene functions, cell types, and neural circuits in the mammalian brain. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:422-435. [PMID: 34561609 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is composed of a large number of highly diverse cell types with different molecular, anatomical, and functional features. Distinct cellular identities are generated during development under the regulation of intricate genetic programs and manifested through unique combinations of gene expression. Recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the assembly, function, and pathology of the brain circuitry depend on the invention and application of genetic strategies that engage intrinsic gene regulatory mechanisms. Here we review the strategies for gene regulation on DNA, RNA, and protein levels and their applications in cell type targeting and neural circuit dissection. We highlight newly emerged strategies and emphasize the importance of combinatorial approaches. We also discuss the potential caveats and pitfalls in current methods and suggest future prospects to improve their comprehensiveness and versatility.
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120
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Moussa AJ, Wester JC. Cell-type specific transcriptomic signatures of neocortical circuit organization and their relevance to autism. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:982721. [PMID: 36213201 PMCID: PMC9545608 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.982721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevailing challenge in neuroscience is understanding how diverse neuronal cell types select their synaptic partners to form circuits. In the neocortex, major classes of excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons are conserved across functionally distinct regions. There is evidence these classes form canonical circuit motifs that depend primarily on their identity; however, regional cues likely also influence their choice of synaptic partners. We mined the Allen Institute's single-cell RNA-sequencing database of mouse cortical neurons to study the expression of genes necessary for synaptic connectivity and physiology in two regions: the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) and the primary visual cortex (VISp). We used the Allen's metadata to parse cells by clusters representing major excitatory and inhibitory classes that are common to both ALM and VISp. We then performed two types of pairwise differential gene expression analysis: (1) between different neuronal classes within the same brain region (ALM or VISp), and (2) between the same neuronal class in ALM and VISp. We filtered our results for differentially expressed genes related to circuit connectivity and developed a novel bioinformatic approach to determine the sets uniquely enriched in each neuronal class in ALM, VISp, or both. This analysis provides an organized set of genes that may regulate synaptic connectivity and physiology in a cell-type-specific manner. Furthermore, it identifies candidate mechanisms for circuit organization that are conserved across functionally distinct cortical regions or that are region dependent. Finally, we used the SFARI Human Gene Module to identify genes from this analysis that are related to risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our analysis provides clear molecular targets for future studies to understand neocortical circuit organization and abnormalities that underlie autistic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Moussa
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jason C Wester
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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121
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Targeting Neurons with Functional Oxytocin Receptors: A Novel Set of Simple Knock-In Mouse Lines for Oxytocin Receptor Visualization and Manipulation. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0423-21.2022. [PMID: 35082173 PMCID: PMC8856715 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0423-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (Oxt) plays important roles in modulating social behaviors. Oxt receptor (Oxtr) is abundantly expressed in the brain and its relationship to socio-behavioral controls has been extensively studied using mouse brains. Several genetic tools to visualize and/or manipulate Oxtr-expressing cells, such as fluorescent reporters and Cre recombinase drivers, have been generated by ES-cell based gene targeting or bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis. However, these mouse lines displayed some differences in their Oxtr expression profiles probably because of the complex context and integrity of their genomic configurations in each line. Here, we apply our sophisticated genome-editing techniques to the Oxtr locus, systematically generating a series of knock-in mouse lines, in which its endogenous transcriptional regulations are intactly preserved and evaluate their expression profiles to ensure the reliability of our new tools. We employ the epitope tagging strategy, with which C-terminally fused tags can be detected by highly specific antibodies, to successfully visualize the Oxtr protein distribution on the neural membrane with super-resolution imaging for the first time. By using T2A self-cleaving peptide sequences, we also induce proper expressions of tdTomato reporter, codon-improved Cre recombinase (iCre), and spatiotemporally inducible Cre-ERT2 in Oxtr-expressing neurons. Electrophysiological recordings from tdTomato-positive cells in the reporter mice support the validity of our tool design. Retro-orbital injections of AAV-PHP.eB vector into the Cre line further enabled visualization of recombinase activities in the appropriate brain regions. Moreover, the first-time Cre-ERT2 line drives Cre-mediated recombination in a spatiotemporally controlled manner on tamoxifen (TMX) administration. These tools thus provide an excellent resource for future functional studies in Oxt-responsive neurons and should prove of broad interest in the field.
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122
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Cheung V, Chung P, Bjorni M, Shvareva VA, Lopez YC, Feinberg EH. Virally encoded connectivity transgenic overlay RNA sequencing (VECTORseq) defines projection neurons involved in sensorimotor integration. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110131. [PMID: 34936877 PMCID: PMC8719358 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior arises from concerted activity throughout the brain. Consequently, a major focus of modern neuroscience is defining the physiology and behavioral roles of projection neurons linking different brain areas. Single-cell RNA sequencing has facilitated these efforts by revealing molecular determinants of cellular physiology and markers that enable genetically targeted perturbations such as optogenetics, but existing methods for sequencing defined projection populations are low throughput, painstaking, and costly. We developed a straightforward, multiplexed approach, virally encoded connectivity transgenic overlay RNA sequencing (VECTORseq). VECTORseq repurposes commercial retrogradely infecting viruses typically used to express functional transgenes (e.g., recombinases and fluorescent proteins) by treating viral transgene mRNA as barcodes within single-cell datasets. VECTORseq is compatible with different viral families, resolves multiple populations with different projection targets in one sequencing run, and identifies cortical and subcortical excitatory and inhibitory projection populations. Our study provides a roadmap for high-throughput identification of neuronal subtypes based on connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cheung
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Philip Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Max Bjorni
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Varvara A Shvareva
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yesenia C Lopez
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Evan H Feinberg
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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123
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Gray SR, Ye L, Ye JY, Paukert M. Noradrenergic terminal short-term potentiation enables modality-selective integration of sensory input and vigilance state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk1378. [PMID: 34919424 PMCID: PMC8682997 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen compelling demonstrations of the importance of behavioral state on sensory processing and attention. Arousal plays a dominant role in controlling brain-wide neural activity patterns, particularly through modulation by norepinephrine. Noradrenergic brainstem nuclei, including locus coeruleus, can be activated by stimuli of multiple sensory modalities and broadcast modulatory signals via axonal projections throughout the brain. This organization might suggest proportional brain-wide norepinephrine release during states of heightened vigilance. Here, however, we have found that low-intensity, nonarousing visual stimuli enhanced vigilance-dependent noradrenergic signaling locally in visual cortex, revealed using dual-site fiber photometry to monitor noradrenergic Ca2+ responses of astroglia simultaneously in cerebellum and visual cortex and two-photon microscopy to monitor noradrenergic axonal terminal Ca2+ dynamics. Nitric oxide, following N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive interneurons, mediated transient acceleration of norepinephrine-dependent astroglia Ca2+ activation. These findings reveal a candidate cortical microcircuit for sensory modality-selective modulation of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R. Gray
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Joint UTSA/UTHSCSA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jing Yong Ye
- Joint UTSA/UTHSCSA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Martin Paukert
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Joint UTSA/UTHSCSA Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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124
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Geng HY, Arbuthnott G, Yung WH, Ke Y. Long-Range Monosynaptic Inputs Targeting Apical and Basal Dendrites of Primary Motor Cortex Deep Output Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3975-3989. [PMID: 34905771 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) integrates various long-range signals from other brain regions for the learning and execution of goal-directed movements. How the different inputs target the distinct apical and basal dendrites of M1 pyramidal neurons is crucial in understanding the functions of M1, but the detailed connectivity pattern is still largely unknown. Here, by combining cre-dependent rabies virus tracing, layer-specific chemical retrograde tracing, optogenetic stimulation, and electrophysiological recording, we mapped all long-range monosynaptic inputs to M1 deep output neurons in layer 5 (L5) in mice. We revealed that most upstream areas innervate both dendritic compartments concurrently. These include the sensory cortices, higher motor cortices, sensory and motor thalamus, association cortices, as well as many subcortical nuclei. Furthermore, the dichotomous inputs arise mostly from spatially segregated neuronal subpopulations within an upstream nucleus, and even in the case of an individual cortical layer. Therefore, these input areas could serve as both feedforward and feedback sources albeit via different subpopulations. Taken together, our findings revealed a previously unknown and highly intricate synaptic input pattern of M1L5 neurons, which implicates that the dendritic computations carried out by these neurons during motor execution or learning are far more complicated than we currently understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Geng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gordon Arbuthnott
- Brain Mechanisms for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0485, Japan
| | - Wing-Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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125
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Suzuki M, Aru J, Larkum ME. Double-μPeriscope, a tool for multilayer optical recordings, optogenetic stimulations or both. eLife 2021; 10:e72894. [PMID: 34878406 PMCID: PMC8654370 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligent behavior and cognitive functions in mammals depend on cortical microcircuits made up of a variety of excitatory and inhibitory cells that form a forest-like complex across six layers. Mechanistic understanding of cortical microcircuits requires both manipulation and monitoring of multiple layers and interactions between them. However, existing techniques are limited as to simultaneous monitoring and stimulation at different depths without damaging a large volume of cortical tissue. Here, we present a relatively simple and versatile method for delivering light to any two cortical layers simultaneously. The method uses a tiny optical probe consisting of two microprisms mounted on a single shaft. We demonstrate the versatility of the probe in three sets of experiments: first, two distinct cortical layers were optogenetically and independently manipulated; second, one layer was stimulated while the activity of another layer was monitored; third, the activity of thalamic axons distributed in two distinct cortical layers was simultaneously monitored in awake mice. Its simple-design, versatility, small-size, and low-cost allow the probe to be applied widely to address important biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototaka Suzuki
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jaan Aru
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institute of Computer Science, University of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Matthew E Larkum
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
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126
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Kapanaiah SKT, van der Veen B, Strahnen D, Akam T, Kätzel D. A low-cost open-source 5-choice operant box system optimized for electrophysiology and optophysiology in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22279. [PMID: 34782697 PMCID: PMC8593009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Operant boxes enable the application of complex behavioural paradigms to support circuit neuroscience and drug discovery research. However, commercial operant box systems are expensive and often not optimised for combining behaviour with neurophysiology. Here we introduce a fully open-source Python-based operant-box system in a 5-choice design (pyOS-5) that enables assessment of multiple cognitive and affective functions. It is optimized for fast turn-over between animals, and for testing of tethered mice for simultaneous physiological recordings or optogenetic manipulation. For reward delivery, we developed peristaltic and syringe pumps based on a stepper motor and 3D-printed parts. Tasks are specified using a Python-based syntax implemented on custom-designed printed circuit boards that are commercially available at low cost. We developed an open-source graphical user interface (GUI) and task definition scripts to conduct assays assessing operant learning, attention, impulsivity, working memory, or cognitive flexibility, alleviating the need for programming skills of the end user. All behavioural events are recorded with millisecond resolution, and TTL-outputs and -inputs allow straightforward integration with physiological recordings and closed-loop manipulations. This combination of features realizes a cost-effective, nose-poke-based operant box system that allows reliable circuit-neuroscience experiments investigating correlates of cognition and emotion in large cohorts of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Strahnen
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Akam
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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127
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Benham RS, Choi C, Hodgson NW, Hewage NB, Kastli R, Donahue RJ, Muschamp JW, Engin E, Carlezon WA, Hensch TK, Rudolph U. α2-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors promote stress resiliency in male mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2197-2206. [PMID: 34408277 PMCID: PMC8505491 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain α2-containing GABAA receptors play a critical role in the modulation of anxiety- and fear-like behavior. However, it is unknown whether these receptors also play a role in modulating resilience to chronic stress, and in which brain areas and cell types such an effect would be mediated. We evaluated the role of α2-containing GABAA receptors following chronic social defeat stress using male mice deficient in the α2 subunit globally or conditionally in dopamine D1- or D2-receptor-expressing neurons, e.g., within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition, we examined the effect of the lack of the α2 subunit on intermediates of the glutathione synthesis pathway. We found that α2-containing GABAA receptors on D2-receptor-positive but not on D1-receptor-positive neurons promote resiliency to chronic social defeat stress, as reflected in social interaction tests. The pro-resiliency effects of α2-containing GABAA receptors on D2-receptor-positive neurons do not appear to be directly related to alterations in anxiety-like behavior, as reflected in the elevated plus-maze, light-dark box, and novel open field tests. Increases in indices of oxidative stress-reflected by increases in cystathionine levels and reductions in GSH/GSSG ratios-were found in the NAc and prefrontal cortex but not in the hippocampus of mice lacking α2-containing GABAA receptors. We conclude that α2-containing GABAA receptors within specific brain areas and cell populations promote stress resiliency independently of direct effects on anxiety-like behaviors. A potential mechanism contributing to this increased resiliency is the protection that α2-containing GABAA receptors provide against oxidative stress in NAc and the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Benham
- Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Choi
- Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Hodgson
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nishani B Hewage
- Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahel Kastli
- Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel J Donahue
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - John W Muschamp
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elif Engin
- Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William A Carlezon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Uwe Rudolph
- Laboratory of Genetic Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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128
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Lee J, Sabatini BL. Striatal indirect pathway mediates exploration via collicular competition. Nature 2021; 599:645-649. [PMID: 34732888 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to suppress actions that lead to a negative outcome and explore alternative actions is necessary for optimal decision making. Although the basal ganglia have been implicated in these processes1-5, the circuit mechanisms underlying action selection and exploration remain unclear. Here, using a simple lateralized licking task, we show that indirect striatal projection neurons (iSPN) in the basal ganglia contribute to these processes through modulation of the superior colliculus (SC). Optogenetic activation of iSPNs suppresses contraversive licking and promotes ipsiversive licking. Activity in lateral superior colliculus (lSC), a region downstream of the basal ganglia, is necessary for task performance and predicts lick direction. Furthermore, iSPN activation suppresses ipsilateral lSC, but surprisingly excites contralateral lSC, explaining the emergence of ipsiversive licking. Optogenetic inactivation reveals inter-collicular competition whereby each hemisphere of the superior colliculus inhibits the other, thus allowing the indirect pathway to disinhibit the contralateral lSC and trigger licking. Finally, inactivating iSPNs impairs suppression of devalued but previously rewarded licking and reduces exploratory licking. Our results reveal that iSPNs engage the competitive interaction between lSC hemispheres to trigger a motor action and suggest a general circuit mechanism for exploration during action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeon Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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129
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Wang G, Xie H, Hu Y, Chen Q, Liu C, Liu K, Yan Y, Guan JS. Egr1-EGFP transgenic mouse allows in vivo recording of Egr1 expression and neural activity. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 363:109350. [PMID: 34487772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediate-early genes (IEGs) have been serving as markers of active neurons for their rapid responses to stimulation. With the development of IEG-EGFP reporters by the GENSAT project, application of the IEGs have been greatly expanded. However, detailed validations for these systems are still lacking, causing trouble in the interpretation of the fluorescence signals. NEW METHOD In this work, taken Egr1-EGFP transgenic mice as an example, we proposed an improvement for the usage of the Egr1-EGFP reporter system based on detailed validation of its fluorescence signals. RESULTS Firstly, the exogenous EGFP mRNA levels were linearly correlated with the endogenous Egr1 mRNA levels in neurons. Secondly, the 3-hr-changes of the Egr1-EGFP signals before and after the stimulus were positively correlated with the stimulus-induced neuronal activities. Interestingly, persistent neuronal activity patterns in the post-stimulus phase also showed correlation with the stimulus-induced Egr1-EGFP signal changes. Furthermore, enriched environments engaged dramatic neuronal activations, allowing detailed characterization of Egr1-EGFP expression dynamics. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) People used to infer the neuronal activities based on the raw fluorescence signals of IEG-EGFP reporter system, which was strongly obstructed by distinct protein regulation or dynamic properties between the EGFP and the IEGs. We demonstrated a better way for data analysis and experimental design. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this work proves that Egr1-EGFP signal is weakly but significantly correlated to task-induced neural activity and gives detailed characterization of the signal dynamics. It not only provides basis for the understanding of the IEG-EGFP fluorescence signals but also offers instructions for proper experimental design with IEG-EGFP reporter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Institute of Brain Intelligence Science and Technology, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qinan Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chenhui Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, IDG/McGovern institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuze Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, IDG/McGovern institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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130
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Kruyer A, Parrilla-Carrero J, Powell C, Brandt L, Gutwinski S, Angelis A, Chalhoub RM, Jhou TC, Kalivas PW, Amato D. Accumbens D2-MSN hyperactivity drives antipsychotic-induced behavioral supersensitivity. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6159-6169. [PMID: 34349226 PMCID: PMC8760070 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced dopamine supersensitivity, or behavioral supersensitivity, is a problematic consequence of long-term antipsychotic treatment characterized by the emergence of motor abnormalities, refractory symptoms, and rebound psychosis. The underlying mechanisms are unclear and no approaches exist to prevent or reverse these unwanted effects of antipsychotic treatment. Here we demonstrate that behavioral supersensitivity stems from long-lasting pre, post and perisynaptic plasticity, including insertion of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors and loss of D2 receptor-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). The resulting hyperexcitability, prominent in a subpopulation of D2-MSNs (21%), caused locomotor sensitization to cocaine and was associated with behavioral endophenotypes of antipsychotic treatment resistance and substance use disorder, including disrupted extinction learning and augmented cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior. Chemogenetic restoration of IPSCs in D2-MSNs in the NAcore was sufficient to prevent antipsychotic-induced supersensitivity, pointing to an entirely novel therapeutic direction for overcoming this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kruyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Courtney Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lasse Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Gutwinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariana Angelis
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Reda M Chalhoub
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thomas C Jhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Davide Amato
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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131
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Ubina T, Vahedi-Hunter T, Agnew-Svoboda W, Wong W, Gupta A, Santhakumar V, Riccomagno MM. ExBoX - a simple Boolean exclusion strategy to drive expression in neurons. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272538. [PMID: 34515305 PMCID: PMC8572001 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of modern single-cell biology has revealed the striking molecular diversity of cell populations once thought to be more homogeneous. This newly appreciated complexity has made intersectional genetic approaches essential to understanding and probing cellular heterogeneity at the functional level. Here, we build on previous knowledge to develop a simple adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based approach to define specific subpopulations of cells by Boolean exclusion logic (AND NOT). This expression by Boolean exclusion (ExBoX) system encodes for a gene of interest that is turned on by a particular recombinase (Cre or FlpO) and turned off by another. ExBoX allows for the specific transcription of a gene of interest in cells expressing only the activating recombinase, but not in cells expressing both. We show the ability of the ExBoX system to tightly regulate expression of fluorescent reporters in vitro and in vivo, and further demonstrate the adaptability of the system by achieving expression of a variety of virally delivered coding sequences in the mouse brain. This simple strategy will expand the molecular toolkit available for cell- and time-specific gene expression in a variety of systems. Summary: The generation of a novel AAV-based intersectional approach to define and target specific subpopulations of cells in time and space via a Expression by Boolean Exclusion (ExBoX) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ubina
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Tyler Vahedi-Hunter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Will Agnew-Svoboda
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wenny Wong
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Akshay Gupta
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Santhakumar
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Martin M Riccomagno
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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132
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Naeem N, Whitley JB, Slusarczyk AS, Bickford ME. Ultrastructure of ipsilateral and contralateral tectopulvinar projections in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1099-1111. [PMID: 34636423 PMCID: PMC8957504 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Visual pathways of the brain are organized into parallel channels that code different features of the external environment. In the current study, we investigated the anatomical organization of parallel pathways from the superior colliculus (SC) to the pulvinar nucleus in the mouse. Virus injections placed in the ipsilateral and contralateral SC to induce the expression of different fluorescent proteins define two pulvinar zones. The lateral pulvinar (Pl) receives ipsilateral SC input and the caudal medial pulvinar (Pcm) receives bilateral SC input. To examine the ultrastructure of these projections using transmission electron microscopy, we injected the SC with viruses to induce peroxidase expression within synaptic vesicles or mitochondria. We quantitatively compared the sizes of ipsilateral and contralateral tectopulvinar terminals and their postsynaptic dendrites, as well as the sizes of the overall population of synaptic terminals and their postsynaptic dendrites in the Pl and Pcm. Our ultrastructural analysis revealed that ipsilateral tectopulvinar terminals are significantly larger than contralateral tectopulvinar terminals. In particular, the ipsilateral tectopulvinar projection includes a subset of large terminals (≥ 1 μm2 ) that envelop dendritic protrusions of postsynaptic dendrites. We also found that both ipsilateral and contralateral tectopulvinar terminals are significantly larger than the overall population of synaptic terminals in both the Pl and Pcm. Thus, the ipsilateral tectopulvinar projection is structurally distinct from the bilateral tectopulvinar pathway, but both tectopulvinar channels may be considered the primary or "driving" input to the Pl and Pcm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazratan Naeem
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - James Bowman Whitley
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Arkadiusz S Slusarczyk
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Martha Elise Bickford
- Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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133
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Nadel JA, Pawelko SS, Scott JR, McLaughlin R, Fox M, Ghanem M, van der Merwe R, Hollon NG, Ramsson ES, Howard CD. Optogenetic stimulation of striatal patches modifies habit formation and inhibits dopamine release. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19847. [PMID: 34615966 PMCID: PMC8494762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habits are inflexible behaviors that develop after extensive repetition, and overreliance on habits is a hallmark of many pathological states. The striatum is involved in the transition from flexible to inflexible responding, and interspersed throughout the striatum are patches, or striosomes, which make up ~15% of the volume of the striatum relative to the surrounding matrix compartment. Previous studies have suggested that patches are necessary for normal habit formation, but it remains unknown exactly how patches contribute to habit formation and expression. Here, using optogenetics, we stimulated striatal patches in Sepw1-NP67 mice during variable interval training (VI60), which is used to establish habitual responding. We found that activation of patches at reward retrieval resulted in elevated responding during VI60 training by modifying the pattern of head entry and pressing. Further, this optogenetic manipulation reduced subsequent responding following reinforcer devaluation, suggesting modified habit formation. However, patch stimulation did not generally increase extinction rates during a subsequent extinction probe, but did result in a small 'extinction burst', further suggesting goal-directed behavior. On the other hand, this manipulation had no effect in omission trials, where mice had to withhold responses to obtain rewards. Finally, we utilized fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to investigate how patch activation modifies evoked striatal dopamine release and found that optogenetic activation of patch projections to the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is sufficient to suppress dopamine release in the dorsal striatum. Overall, this work provides novel insight into the role of the patch compartment in habit formation, and provides a potential mechanism for how patches modify habitual behavior by exerting control over dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Nadel
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA
| | - S S Pawelko
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA
| | - J R Scott
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA
| | - R McLaughlin
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA
| | - M Fox
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA
| | - M Ghanem
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA
| | | | - N G Hollon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E S Ramsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - C D Howard
- Neuroscience Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA.
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134
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Beacher NJ, Washington KA, Werner CT, Zhang Y, Barbera G, Li Y, Lin DT. Circuit Investigation of Social Interaction and Substance Use Disorder Using Miniscopes. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:762441. [PMID: 34675782 PMCID: PMC8523886 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.762441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is comorbid with devastating health issues, social withdrawal, and isolation. Successful clinical treatments for SUD have used social interventions. Neurons can encode drug cues, and drug cues can trigger relapse. It is important to study how the activity in circuits and embedded cell types that encode drug cues develop in SUD. Exploring shared neurobiology between social interaction (SI) and SUD may explain why humans with access to social treatments still experience relapse. However, circuitry remains poorly characterized due to technical challenges in studying the complicated nature of SI and SUD. To understand the neural correlates of SI and SUD, it is important to: (1) identify cell types and circuits associated with SI and SUD, (2) record and manipulate neural activity encoding drug and social rewards over time, (3) monitor unrestrained animal behavior that allows reliable drug self-administration (SA) and SI. Miniaturized fluorescence microscopes (miniscopes) are ideally suited to meet these requirements. They can be used with gradient index (GRIN) lenses to image from deep brain structures implicated in SUD. Miniscopes can be combined with genetically encoded reporters to extract cell-type specific information. In this mini-review, we explore how miniscopes can be leveraged to uncover neural components of SI and SUD and advance potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Beacher
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kayden A. Washington
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Craig T. Werner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Giovanni Barbera
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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135
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Muñoz-Castañeda R, Zingg B, Matho KS, Chen X, Wang Q, Foster NN, Li A, Narasimhan A, Hirokawa KE, Huo B, Bannerjee S, Korobkova L, Park CS, Park YG, Bienkowski MS, Chon U, Wheeler DW, Li X, Wang Y, Naeemi M, Xie P, Liu L, Kelly K, An X, Attili SM, Bowman I, Bludova A, Cetin A, Ding L, Drewes R, D'Orazi F, Elowsky C, Fischer S, Galbavy W, Gao L, Gillis J, Groblewski PA, Gou L, Hahn JD, Hatfield JT, Hintiryan H, Huang JJ, Kondo H, Kuang X, Lesnar P, Li X, Li Y, Lin M, Lo D, Mizrachi J, Mok S, Nicovich PR, Palaniswamy R, Palmer J, Qi X, Shen E, Sun YC, Tao HW, Wakemen W, Wang Y, Yao S, Yuan J, Zhan H, Zhu M, Ng L, Zhang LI, Lim BK, Hawrylycz M, Gong H, Gee JC, Kim Y, Chung K, Yang XW, Peng H, Luo Q, Mitra PP, Zador AM, Zeng H, Ascoli GA, Josh Huang Z, Osten P, Harris JA, Dong HW. Cellular anatomy of the mouse primary motor cortex. Nature 2021; 598:159-166. [PMID: 34616071 PMCID: PMC8494646 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An essential step toward understanding brain function is to establish a structural framework with cellular resolution on which multi-scale datasets spanning molecules, cells, circuits and systems can be integrated and interpreted1. Here, as part of the collaborative Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we derive a comprehensive cell type-based anatomical description of one exemplar brain structure, the mouse primary motor cortex, upper limb area (MOp-ul). Using genetic and viral labelling, barcoded anatomy resolved by sequencing, single-neuron reconstruction, whole-brain imaging and cloud-based neuroinformatics tools, we delineated the MOp-ul in 3D and refined its sublaminar organization. We defined around two dozen projection neuron types in the MOp-ul and derived an input-output wiring diagram, which will facilitate future analyses of motor control circuitry across molecular, cellular and system levels. This work provides a roadmap towards a comprehensive cellular-resolution description of mammalian brain architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Zingg
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyin Chen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Quanxin Wang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas N Foster
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Karla E Hirokawa
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cajal Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bingxing Huo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | - Laura Korobkova
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris Sin Park
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Young-Gyun Park
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Bienkowski
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Uree Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Diek W Wheeler
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures and Plasticity, Bioengineering Department and Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Peng Xie
- SEU-ALLEN Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- SEU-ALLEN Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Xu An
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarojini M Attili
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures and Plasticity, Bioengineering Department and Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Ian Bowman
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ali Cetin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liya Ding
- SEU-ALLEN Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rhonda Drewes
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | - Corey Elowsky
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Lei Gao
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Gillis
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | - Lin Gou
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel D Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua T Hatfield
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Houri Hintiryan
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junxiang Jason Huang
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute (ZNI), Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Xiuli Kuang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xu Li
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Yaoyao Li
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengkuan Lin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Darrick Lo
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Philip R Nicovich
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cajal Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jason Palmer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoli Qi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Elise Shen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Sun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute (ZNI), Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yimin Wang
- SEU-ALLEN Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenqin Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Zhan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Muye Zhu
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute (ZNI), Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
- Division of Biological Science, Neurobiology section, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - James C Gee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kwanghun Chung
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - X William Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hanchuan Peng
- SEU-ALLEN Joint Center, Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, China
| | - Partha P Mitra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures and Plasticity, Bioengineering Department and Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - Julie A Harris
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Cajal Neuroscience, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Hong-Wei Dong
- UCLA Brain Research and Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute (INI), Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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136
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Liu S, Wang Z, Su Y, Qi L, Yang W, Fu M, Jing X, Wang Y, Ma Q. A neuroanatomical basis for electroacupuncture to drive the vagal-adrenal axis. Nature 2021; 598:641-645. [PMID: 34646018 PMCID: PMC9178665 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Somatosensory autonomic reflexes allow electroacupuncture stimulation (ES) to modulate body physiology at distant sites1-6 (for example, suppressing severe systemic inflammation6-9). Since the 1970s, an emerging organizational rule about these reflexes has been the presence of body-region specificity1-6. For example, ES at the hindlimb ST36 acupoint but not the abdominal ST25 acupoint can drive the vagal-adrenal anti-inflammatory axis in mice10,11. The neuroanatomical basis of this somatotopic organization is, however, unknown. Here we show that PROKR2Cre-marked sensory neurons, which innervate the deep hindlimb fascia (for example, the periosteum) but not abdominal fascia (for example, the peritoneum), are crucial for driving the vagal-adrenal axis. Low-intensity ES at the ST36 site in mice with ablated PROKR2Cre-marked sensory neurons failed to activate hindbrain vagal efferent neurons or to drive catecholamine release from adrenal glands. As a result, ES no longer suppressed systemic inflammation induced by bacterial endotoxins. By contrast, spinal sympathetic reflexes evoked by high-intensity ES at both ST25 and ST36 sites were unaffected. We also show that optogenetic stimulation of PROKR2Cre-marked nerve terminals through the ST36 site is sufficient to drive the vagal-adrenal axis but not sympathetic reflexes. Furthermore, the distribution patterns of PROKR2Cre nerve fibres can retrospectively predict body regions at which low-intensity ES will or will not effectively produce anti-inflammatory effects. Our studies provide a neuroanatomical basis for the selectivity and specificity of acupoints in driving specific autonomic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbin Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifu Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yangshuai Su
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Meridians Research Center, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingzhou Fu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xianghong Jing
- Meridians Research Center, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufu Ma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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137
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A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex. Nature 2021; 598:86-102. [PMID: 34616075 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.19.343129v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties and cellular resolution input-output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell-type organization1-5. First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a consensus taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that is conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially resolved cell-type atlas of the motor cortex. Fourth, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the transcriptomic, epigenomic and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting glutamatergic neuron types towards linking their molecular and developmental identity to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unifying and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell-type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties.
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138
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Callaway EM, Dong HW, Ecker JR, Hawrylycz MJ, Huang ZJ, Lein ES, Ngai J, Osten P, Ren B, Tolias AS, White O, Zeng H, Zhuang X, Ascoli GA, Behrens MM, Chun J, Feng G, Gee JC, Ghosh SS, Halchenko YO, Hertzano R, Lim BK, Martone ME, Ng L, Pachter L, Ropelewski AJ, Tickle TL, Yang XW, Zhang K, Bakken TE, Berens P, Daigle TL, Harris JA, Jorstad NL, Kalmbach BE, Kobak D, Li YE, Liu H, Matho KS, Mukamel EA, Naeemi M, Scala F, Tan P, Ting JT, Xie F, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Zingg B, Armand E, Yao Z, Bertagnolli D, Casper T, Crichton K, Dee N, Diep D, Ding SL, Dong W, Dougherty EL, Fong O, Goldman M, Goldy J, Hodge RD, Hu L, Keene CD, Krienen FM, Kroll M, Lake BB, Lathia K, Linnarsson S, Liu CS, Macosko EZ, McCarroll SA, McMillen D, Nadaf NM, Nguyen TN, Palmer CR, Pham T, Plongthongkum N, Reed NM, Regev A, Rimorin C, Romanow WJ, Savoia S, Siletti K, Smith K, Sulc J, Tasic B, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Tung H, van Velthoven CTJ, Vanderburg CR, Yanny AM, Fang R, Hou X, Lucero JD, Osteen JK, Pinto-Duarte A, Poirion O, Preissl S, Wang X, Aldridge AI, Bartlett A, Boggeman L, O’Connor C, Castanon RG, Chen H, Fitzpatrick C, Luo C, Nery JR, Nunn M, Rivkin AC, Tian W, Dominguez B, Ito-Cole T, Jacobs M, Jin X, Lee CT, Lee KF, Miyazaki PA, Pang Y, Rashid M, Smith JB, Vu M, Williams E, Biancalani T, Booeshaghi AS, Crow M, Dudoit S, Fischer S, Gillis J, Hu Q, Kharchenko PV, Niu SY, Ntranos V, Purdom E, Risso D, de Bézieux HR, Somasundaram S, Street K, Svensson V, Vaishnav ED, Van den Berge K, Welch JD, An X, Bateup HS, Bowman I, Chance RK, Foster NN, Galbavy W, Gong H, Gou L, Hatfield JT, Hintiryan H, Hirokawa KE, Kim G, Kramer DJ, Li A, Li X, Luo Q, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Stafford DA, Feng Z, Jia X, Jiang S, Jiang T, Kuang X, Larsen R, Lesnar P, Li Y, Li Y, Liu L, Peng H, Qu L, Ren M, Ruan Z, Shen E, Song Y, Wakeman W, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yin L, Yuan J, Zhao S, Zhao X, Narasimhan A, Palaniswamy R, Banerjee S, Ding L, Huilgol D, Huo B, Kuo HC, Laturnus S, Li X, Mitra PP, Mizrachi J, Wang Q, Xie P, Xiong F, Yu Y, Eichhorn SW, Berg J, Bernabucci M, Bernaerts Y, Cadwell CR, Castro JR, Dalley R, Hartmanis L, Horwitz GD, Jiang X, Ko AL, Miranda E, Mulherkar S, Nicovich PR, Owen SF, Sandberg R, Sorensen SA, Tan ZH, Allen S, Hockemeyer D, Lee AY, Veldman MB, Adkins RS, Ament SA, Bravo HC, Carter R, Chatterjee A, Colantuoni C, Crabtree J, Creasy H, Felix V, Giglio M, Herb BR, Kancherla J, Mahurkar A, McCracken C, Nickel L, Olley D, Orvis J, Schor M, Hood G, Dichter B, Grauer M, Helba B, Bandrowski A, Barkas N, Carlin B, D’Orazi FD, Degatano K, Gillespie TH, Khajouei F, Konwar K, Thompson C, Kelly K, Mok S, Sunkin S. A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex. Nature 2021; 598:86-102. [PMID: 34616075 PMCID: PMC8494634 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties and cellular resolution input-output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell-type organization1-5. First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a consensus taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that is conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially resolved cell-type atlas of the motor cortex. Fourth, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the transcriptomic, epigenomic and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting glutamatergic neuron types towards linking their molecular and developmental identity to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unifying and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell-type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties.
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139
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Matho KS, Huilgol D, Galbavy W, He M, Kim G, An X, Lu J, Wu P, Di Bella DJ, Shetty AS, Palaniswamy R, Hatfield J, Raudales R, Narasimhan A, Gamache E, Levine JM, Tucciarone J, Szelenyi E, Harris JA, Mitra PP, Osten P, Arlotta P, Huang ZJ. Genetic dissection of the glutamatergic neuron system in cerebral cortex. Nature 2021; 598:182-187. [PMID: 34616069 PMCID: PMC8494647 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diverse types of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons mediate the myriad processing streams and output channels of the cerebral cortex1,2, yet all derive from neural progenitors of the embryonic dorsal telencephalon3,4. Here we establish genetic strategies and tools for dissecting and fate-mapping subpopulations of pyramidal neurons on the basis of their developmental and molecular programs. We leverage key transcription factors and effector genes to systematically target temporal patterning programs in progenitors and differentiation programs in postmitotic neurons. We generated over a dozen temporally inducible mouse Cre and Flp knock-in driver lines to enable the combinatorial targeting of major progenitor types and projection classes. Combinatorial strategies confer viral access to subsets of pyramidal neurons defined by developmental origin, marker expression, anatomical location and projection targets. These strategies establish an experimental framework for understanding the hierarchical organization and developmental trajectory of subpopulations of pyramidal neurons that assemble cortical processing networks and output channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Matho
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dhananjay Huilgol
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William Galbavy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miao He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gukhan Kim
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xu An
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiangteng Lu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Priscilla Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela J Di Bella
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashwin S Shetty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Hatfield
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo Raudales
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Arun Narasimhan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Gamache
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesse M Levine
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Tucciarone
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Eric Szelenyi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie A Harris
- Program in Neuroscience and Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Partha P Mitra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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140
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Sippy T, Chaimowitz C, Crochet S, Petersen CCH. Cell Type-Specific Membrane Potential Changes in Dorsolateral Striatum Accompanying Reward-Based Sensorimotor Learning. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab049. [PMID: 35330797 PMCID: PMC8788857 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The striatum integrates sensorimotor and motivational signals, likely playing a key role in reward-based learning of goal-directed behavior. However, cell type-specific mechanisms underlying reinforcement learning remain to be precisely determined. Here, we investigated changes in membrane potential dynamics of dorsolateral striatal neurons comparing naïve mice and expert mice trained to lick a reward spout in response to whisker deflection. We recorded from three distinct cell types: (i) direct pathway striatonigral neurons, which express type 1 dopamine receptors; (ii) indirect pathway striatopallidal neurons, which express type 2 dopamine receptors; and (iii) tonically active, putative cholinergic, striatal neurons. Task learning was accompanied by cell type-specific changes in the membrane potential dynamics evoked by the whisker deflection and licking in successfully-performed trials. Both striatonigral and striatopallidal types of striatal projection neurons showed enhanced task-related depolarization across learning. Striatonigral neurons showed a prominent increase in a short latency sensory-evoked depolarization in expert compared to naïve mice. In contrast, the putative cholinergic striatal neurons developed a hyperpolarizing response across learning, driving a pause in their firing. Our results reveal cell type-specific changes in striatal membrane potential dynamics across the learning of a simple goal-directed sensorimotor transformation, helpful for furthering the understanding of the various potential roles of different basal ganglia circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corryn Chaimowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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141
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Nakajima M. Neuronal identity and cognitive control dynamics in the PFC. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 129:14-21. [PMID: 34535385 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive behavior is supported by context-dependent cognitive control that enables stable and flexible sensorimotor transformations. Impairments in this type of control are often attributed to dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the underlying circuit principles of PFC function that support cognitive control have remained elusive. While the complex, diverse responses of PFC neurons to cognitive variables have been studied both from the perspective of individual cell activity and overall population dynamics, these two levels have often been investigated separately. This review discusses two specific cell groups, context/brain state responsive interneuron subtypes and output decoder neurons, that might bridge conceptual frameworks derived from these two research approaches. I highlight the unique properties and functions of these cell groups and discuss how future studies leveraging their features are likely to provide a new understanding of PFC dynamics combining single-neuron and network perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakajima
- Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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142
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Mease RA, Gonzalez AJ. Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:730211. [PMID: 34566583 PMCID: PMC8458899 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.730211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Large portions of the thalamus receive strong driving input from cortical layer 5 (L5) neurons but the role of this important pathway in cortical and thalamic computations is not well understood. L5-recipient "higher-order" thalamic regions participate in cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuits that are increasingly recognized to be (1) anatomically and functionally distinct from better-studied "first-order" CTC networks, and (2) integral to cortical activity related to learning and perception. Additionally, studies are beginning to elucidate the clinical relevance of these networks, as dysfunction across these pathways have been implicated in several pathological states. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding L5 CTC networks across sensory modalities and brain regions, particularly studies leveraging cell-type-specific tools that allow precise experimental access to L5 CTC circuits. We aim to provide a focused and accessible summary of the anatomical, physiological, and computational properties of L5-originating CTC networks, and outline their underappreciated contribution in pathology. We particularly seek to connect single-neuron and synaptic properties to network (dys)function and emerging theories of cortical computation, and highlight information processing in L5 CTC networks as a promising focus for computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Mease
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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143
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Abstract
Cortical and subcortical circuitry are thought to play distinct roles in the generation of sleep oscillations and global state control, respectively. Here we silenced a subset of neocortical layer 5 pyramidal and archicortical dentate gyrus granule cells in male mice by ablating SNAP25. This markedly increased wakefulness and reduced rebound of electroencephalographic slow-wave activity after sleep deprivation, suggesting a role for the cortex in both vigilance state control and sleep homeostasis.
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144
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Distinct Opsin 3 ( Opn3) Expression in the Developing Nervous System during Mammalian Embryogenesis. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0141-21.2021. [PMID: 34417283 PMCID: PMC8445036 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0141-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opsin 3 (Opn3) is highly expressed in the adult brain, however, information for spatial and temporal expression patterns during embryogenesis is significantly lacking. Here, an Opn3-eGFP reporter mouse line was used to monitor cell body expression and axonal projections during embryonic and early postnatal to adult stages. By applying 2D and 3D fluorescence imaging techniques, we have identified the onset of Opn3 expression, which predominantly occurred during embryonic stages, in various structures during brain/head development. In addition, this study defines over twenty Opn3-eGFP-positive neural structures never reported before. Opn3-eGFP was first observed at E9.5 in neural regions, including the ganglia that will ultimately form the trigeminal, facial and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves (CNs). As development proceeds, expanded Opn3-eGFP expression coincided with the formation and maturation of critical components of the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS), including various motor-sensory tracts, such as the dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DCML) sensory tract, and olfactory, acoustic, and optic tracts. The widespread, yet distinct, detection of Opn3-eGFP already at early embryonic stages suggests that Opn3 might play important functional roles in the developing brain and spinal cord to regulate multiple motor and sensory circuitry systems, including proprioception, nociception, ocular movement, and olfaction, as well as memory, mood, and emotion. This study presents a crucial blueprint from which to investigate autonomic and cognitive opsin-dependent neural development and resultant behaviors under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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145
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Xiang C, Chen P, Zhang Q, Li Y, Pan Y, Xie W, Sun J, Liu Z. Intestinal microbiota modulates adrenomedullary response through Nod1 sensing in chromaffin cells. iScience 2021; 24:102849. [PMID: 34381974 PMCID: PMC8333343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota closely interacts with the neuroendocrine system and exerts profound effects on host physiology. Here, we report that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1) ligand derived from intestinal bacteria modulates catecholamine storage and secretion in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. The cytosolic peptidoglycan receptor Nod1 is involved in chromogranin A (Chga) retention in dense core granules (DCGs) in chromaffin cells. Mechanistically, upon recognizing its ligand, Nod1 localizes to DCGs, and recruits Rab2a, which is critical for Chga and epinephrine retention in DCGs. Depletion of Nod1 ligand or deficiency of Nod1 leads to a profound defect in epinephrine storage in chromaffin cells and subsequently less secretion upon stimulation. The intestine-adrenal medulla cross talk bridged by Nod1 ligand modulates adrenal medullary responses during the immobilization-induced stress response in mice. Thus, our study uncovers a mechanism by which intestinal microbes modulate epinephrine secretion in response to stress, which may provide further understanding of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peihua Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenchun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Guang Dong Bio-healtech Advanced Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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146
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Ferreira-Pinto MJ, Kanodia H, Falasconi A, Sigrist M, Esposito MS, Arber S. Functional diversity for body actions in the mesencephalic locomotor region. Cell 2021; 184:4564-4578.e18. [PMID: 34302739 PMCID: PMC8382160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a key midbrain center with roles in locomotion. Despite extensive studies and clinical trials aimed at therapy-resistant Parkinson's disease (PD), debate on its function remains. Here, we reveal the existence of functionally diverse neuronal populations with distinct roles in control of body movements. We identify two spatially intermingled glutamatergic populations separable by axonal projections, mouse genetics, neuronal activity profiles, and motor functions. Most spinally projecting MLR neurons encoded the full-body behavior rearing. Loss- and gain-of-function optogenetic perturbation experiments establish a function for these neurons in controlling body extension. In contrast, Rbp4-transgene-positive MLR neurons project in an ascending direction to basal ganglia, preferentially encode the forelimb behaviors handling and grooming, and exhibit a role in modulating movement. Thus, the MLR contains glutamatergic neuronal subpopulations stratified by projection target exhibiting roles in action control not restricted to locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Ferreira-Pinto
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harsh Kanodia
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Falasconi
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Sigrist
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria S Esposito
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Arber
- Biozentrum, Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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147
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Jhang CL, Lee HY, Chen JC, Liao W. Dopaminergic loss of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 recapitulates methylphenidate-remediable hyperlocomotion in mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2408-2419. [PMID: 32588892 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5), a serine-threonine kinase encoded by an X-linked gene, is highly expressed in the mammalian forebrain. Mutations in this gene cause CDKL5 deficiency disorder, a neurodevelopmental encephalopathy characterized by early-onset seizures, motor dysfunction, and intellectual disability. We previously found that mice lacking CDKL5 exhibit hyperlocomotion and increased impulsivity, resembling the core symptoms in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we report the potential neural mechanisms and treatment for hyperlocomotion induced by CDKL5 deficiency. Our results showed that loss of CDKL5 decreases the proportion of phosphorylated dopamine transporter (DAT) in the rostral striatum, leading to increased levels of extracellular dopamine and hyperlocomotion. Administration of methylphenidate (MPH), a DAT inhibitor clinically effective to improve symptoms in ADHD, significantly alleviated the hyperlocomotion phenotype in Cdkl5 null mice. In addition, the improved behavioral effects of MPH were accompanied by a region-specific restoration of phosphorylated dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein Mr 32 kDa, a key signaling protein for striatal motor output. Finally, mice carrying a Cdkl5 deletion selectively in DAT-expressing dopaminergic neurons, but not dopamine receptive neurons, recapitulated the hyperlocomotion phenotype found in Cdkl5 null mice. Our findings suggest that CDKL5 is essential to control locomotor behavior by regulating region-specific dopamine content and phosphorylation of dopamine signaling proteins in the striatum. The direct, as well as indirect, target proteins regulated by CDKL5 may play a key role in movement control and the therapeutic development for hyperactivity disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian-Ling Jhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Hom-Yi Lee
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wenlin Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.,Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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148
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Guo JZ, Sauerbrei BA, Cohen JD, Mischiati M, Graves AR, Pisanello F, Branson KM, Hantman AW. Disrupting cortico-cerebellar communication impairs dexterity. eLife 2021; 10:e65906. [PMID: 34324417 PMCID: PMC8321550 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To control reaching, the nervous system must generate large changes in muscle activation to drive the limb toward the target, and must also make smaller adjustments for precise and accurate behavior. Motor cortex controls the arm through projections to diverse targets across the central nervous system, but it has been challenging to identify the roles of cortical projections to specific targets. Here, we selectively disrupt cortico-cerebellar communication in the mouse by optogenetically stimulating the pontine nuclei in a cued reaching task. This perturbation did not typically block movement initiation, but degraded the precision, accuracy, duration, or success rate of the movement. Correspondingly, cerebellar and cortical activity during movement were largely preserved, but differences in hand velocity between control and stimulation conditions predicted from neural activity were correlated with observed velocity differences. These results suggest that while the total output of motor cortex drives reaching, the cortico-cerebellar loop makes small adjustments that contribute to the successful execution of this dexterous movement.
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149
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Hirata T, Tohsato Y, Itoga H, Shioi G, Kiyonari H, Oka S, Fujimori T, Onami S. NeuroGT: A brain atlas of neurogenic tagging CreER drivers for birthdate-based classification and manipulation of mouse neurons. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100012. [PMID: 35474959 PMCID: PMC9017123 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal birthdate is one of the major determinants of neuronal phenotypes. However, most birthdating methods are retrospective in nature, allowing very little experimental access to the classified neuronal subsets. Here, we introduce four neurogenic tagging mouse lines, which can assign CreER-loxP recombination to neuron subsets that share the same differentiation timing in living animals and enable various experimental manipulations of the classified subsets. We constructed a brain atlas of the neurogenic tagging mouse lines (NeuroGT), which includes holistic image data of the loxP-recombined neurons and their processes across the entire brain that were tagged on each single day during the neurodevelopmental period. This image database, which is open to the public, offers investigators the opportunity to find specific neurogenic tagging driver lines and the stages of tagging appropriate for their own research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsumi Hirata
- Brain Function Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan
| | - Yukako Tohsato
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroya Itoga
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sanae Oka
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shuichi Onami
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Life Science Data Sharing Unit, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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150
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Dacre J, Colligan M, Clarke T, Ammer JJ, Schiemann J, Chamosa-Pino V, Claudi F, Harston JA, Eleftheriou C, Pakan JMP, Huang CC, Hantman AW, Rochefort NL, Duguid I. A cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway drives behavioral context-dependent movement initiation. Neuron 2021; 109:2326-2338.e8. [PMID: 34146469 PMCID: PMC8315304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Executing learned motor behaviors often requires the transformation of sensory cues into patterns of motor commands that generate appropriately timed actions. The cerebellum and thalamus are two key areas involved in shaping cortical output and movement, but the contribution of a cerebellar-thalamocortical pathway to voluntary movement initiation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how an auditory "go cue" transforms thalamocortical activity patterns and how these changes relate to movement initiation. Population responses in dentate/interpositus-recipient regions of motor thalamus reflect a time-locked increase in activity immediately prior to movement initiation that is temporally uncoupled from the go cue, indicative of a fixed-latency feedforward motor timing signal. Blocking cerebellar or motor thalamic output suppresses movement initiation, while stimulation triggers movements in a behavioral context-dependent manner. Our findings show how cerebellar output, via the thalamus, shapes cortical activity patterns necessary for learned context-dependent movement initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Dacre
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matt Colligan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Clarke
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julian J Ammer
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julia Schiemann
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victor Chamosa-Pino
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federico Claudi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Alex Harston
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Constantinos Eleftheriou
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janelle M P Pakan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Nathalie L Rochefort
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Duguid
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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