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Rami AZA, Hamid AA, Anuar NNM, Aminuddin A, Ugusman A. Exploring the Relationship of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation and the Development of Vascular Pathologies. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2734321. [PMID: 35177953 PMCID: PMC8846975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2734321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially thought to only provide mechanical support for the underlying blood vessels, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has now emerged as a regulator of vascular function. A healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile and anti-inflammatory actions on the underlying vasculature via the release of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, nitric oxide, and omentin. However, dysfunctional PVAT produces more proinflammatory adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thus inducing an inflammatory response that contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the role of PVAT inflammation in the development of vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and hypertension was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifah Zahirah Abd Rami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mild inflammation persists in the glenohumeral joint of patients with shoulder instability: Cross-sectional study. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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103
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Shokoohi Nahrkhalaji A, Ahmadi R, Fadaei R, Panahi G, Razzaghi M, Fallah S. Higher serum level of CTRP15 in patients with coronary artery disease is associated with disease severity, body mass index and insulin resistance. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:276-280. [PMID: 31608708 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1675713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CTRP15 is a prologue of adiponectin which has shown to have favourable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Studies have reported lower levels of CTRP15 in T2DM and metabolic syndrome; however, its circulating levels have not been evaluated in CAD patients. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 190 angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 70 controls. Serum levels of CTRP15, adiponectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured using the ELISA technique. RESULTS CTRP15 was shown to occur in higher levels in CAD patients compared with controls. In CAD patients, CTRP15 showed a positive correlation with BMI, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, IL-6, and TNF-α and a negative correlation with HDL-C and adiponectin. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of CTRP15 in CAD patients and the relation of CTRP15 with pathogenic conditions such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and decreased adiponectin and HDL-C suggest a possible compensatory response to these conditions in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Razzaghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. Over the past three decades, a substantial reduction in cardiovascular mortality has been achieved largely through LDL-cholesterol-lowering regimes and therapies targeting other traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the overall benefits of targeting these risk factors have stagnated, and a huge global burden of cardiovascular disease remains. The indispensable role of immunological components in the establishment and chronicity of atherosclerosis has come to the forefront as a clinical target, with proof-of-principle studies demonstrating the benefit and challenges of targeting inflammation and the immune system in cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis by discussing findings from preclinical research and clinical trials. We also identify important challenges that need to be addressed to advance the field and for successful clinical translation, including patient selection, identification of responders and non-responders to immunotherapies, implementation of patient immunophenotyping and potential surrogate end points for vascular inflammation. Finally, we provide strategic guidance for the translation of novel targets of immunotherapy into improvements in patient outcomes. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the immune cells involved in atherosclerosis, discuss preclinical research and published and ongoing clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the immune system in atherosclerosis, highlight emerging therapeutic targets from preclinical studies and identify challenges for successful clinical translation. Inflammation is an important component of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease; an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes drives chronic inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessel wall. Clinical trials assessing canakinumab and colchicine therapies in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have provided proof-of-principle of the benefits associated with therapeutic targeting of the immune system in atherosclerosis. The immunosuppressive adverse effects associated with the systemic use of anti-inflammatory drugs can be minimized through targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the atherosclerotic plaque, defining the window of opportunity for treatment and identifying more specific targets for cardiovascular inflammation. Implementing immunophenotyping in clinical trials in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will allow the identification of immune signatures and the selection of patients with the highest probability of deriving benefit from a specific therapy. Clinical stratification via novel risk factors and discovery of new surrogate markers of vascular inflammation are crucial for identifying new immunotherapeutic targets and their successful translation into the clinic.
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105
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Boarescu PM, Boarescu I, Pop RM, Roşian ŞH, Bocșan IC, Rus V, Mada RO, Popa ID, Neagu N, Bulboacă AE, Buzoianu AD, Bolboacă SD. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Histological Changes in Experimental Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1438. [PMID: 35163364 PMCID: PMC8835716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to compare the oxidative stress biomarkers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes induced by three cardiovascular risk factors, namely, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension was induced with 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl (L-NAME) administered orally. Dyslipidemia was induced by the administration of a diet with a high cholesterol (2%) content. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of streptozocin (65 mg/kg). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidative status (TOS) are increased by all three cardiovascular risk factors (up to 207%). The indirect assessment of NO synthesis (NOx) is observed to be reduced after L-NAME administration (43%), and dyslipidemia induction (16%), while type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with the highest levels of NOx (increased 112%). Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 1 diabetes reduced the total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and total thiol (SH) levels (up to 57%). The values of evaluated pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), assessed from the ascending aorta were elevated by all three cardiovascular risk factors, with the highest levels induced by type 1 diabetes mellitus (up to 259%). The histopathological examination of the ascending and descending aorta revealed reversible pro-atherogenic changes consisting of the accumulation of lipid droplets in the subendothelial connective tissue on rats with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Irreversible pro-atherogenic changes consisting of a reduction of the specific elasticity of the arteries were observed in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus demonstrates an alteration of the oxidative stress parameters, the elevation of tissue levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and causing irreversible pro-atherogenic changes on the aortic wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Mihai Boarescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-M.B.); (R.M.P.); (I.C.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Ioana Boarescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-M.B.); (R.M.P.); (I.C.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Ştefan Horia Roşian
- Department of Cardiology—Heart Institute, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Calea Moților Street, No. 19–21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, Calea Moților Street, No. 19–21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.O.M.); (I.D.P.)
| | - Ioana Corina Bocșan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-M.B.); (R.M.P.); (I.C.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Vasile Rus
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur Street, No. 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Răzvan Olimpiu Mada
- “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, Calea Moților Street, No. 19–21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.O.M.); (I.D.P.)
| | - Iulia Diana Popa
- “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, Calea Moților Street, No. 19–21, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.O.M.); (I.D.P.)
| | - Nicholas Neagu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Luis Pasteur Street, No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, No. 2–4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (P.-M.B.); (R.M.P.); (I.C.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (S.D.B.)
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Nostoc flagelliforme capsular polysaccharides from different culture conditions improve hyperlipidemia and regulate intestinal flora in C57BL/6J mice to varying degrees. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:224-233. [PMID: 35038468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two capsular polysaccharides (WL-CPS-1 and GLU-CPS-1) purified from Nostoc flagelliforme under normal and mixotrophic culture conditions were used to investigate the hypolipidemic activity and effect on intestinal flora in C57BL/6J mice respectively. Their molecular weight and monosaccharide composition have been determined in previous studies. They both improved the lipid level by affecting the expression of lipid metabolism genes. They down-regulated the TNF-α and IL-1β levels in serum and up-regulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver thus decreased the atherosclerosis index and MDA content. They up-regulated the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) synthesis. They decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and increased the abundance of probiotics positively correlated with SCFAs. Compared with WL-CPS-1, GLU-CPS-1 exhibited higher in vivo activity and enriched Odoribacter and Alloprevotella correlating with the gene expression of lipid metabolism, suggesting that the bioactivity of polysaccharides could be regulated by culture conditions. These findings contributed to application of N. flagelliforme polysaccharides with higher activity in hypolipidemia by adjusting culture conditions.
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Murray EJ, Gumusoglu SB, Santillan DA, Santillan MK. Manipulating CD4+ T Cell Pathways to Prevent Preeclampsia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:811417. [PMID: 35096797 PMCID: PMC8789650 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.811417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PreE) is a placental disorder characterized by hypertension (HTN), proteinuria, and oxidative stress. Individuals with PreE and their children are at an increased risk of serious short- and long-term complications, such as cardiovascular disease, end-organ failure, HTN, neurodevelopmental disorders, and more. Currently, delivery is the only cure for PreE, which remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among pregnant individuals and neonates. There is evidence that an imbalance favoring a pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell milieu is associated with the inadequate spiral artery remodeling and subsequent oxidative stress that prime PreE's clinical symptoms. Immunomodulatory therapies targeting CD4+ T cell mechanisms have been investigated for other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, and the application of these prevention tactics to PreE is promising, as we review here. These immunomodulatory therapies may, among other things, decrease tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cytolytic natural killer cells, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production [e.g. interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-6], stimulate regulatory T cells (Tregs), inhibit type 1 and 17 T helper cells, prevent inappropriate dendritic cell maturation, and induce anti-inflammatory cytokine action [e.g. IL-10, Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)]. We review therapies including neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6, and CD28; statins; 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, a synthetic hormone; adoptive exogenous Treg therapy; and endothelin-1 pathway inhibitors. Rebalancing the maternal inflammatory milieu may allow for proper spiral artery invasion, placentation, and maternal tolerance of foreign fetal/paternal antigens, thereby combatting early PreE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen J. Murray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Serena B. Gumusoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Donna A. Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mark K. Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Identification of Key Genes Associated with Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis Using Multiple Bioinformatics Tools. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5544276. [PMID: 35059464 PMCID: PMC8764276 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5544276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most notable cardiovascular disease, the latter being the main cause of death globally. Endothelial cell dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, it is currently unclear which genes are involved between endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis. This study was aimed at identifying these genes. Based on the GSE83500 dataset, the quantification of endothelial cell function was conducted using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis; the coexpression modules were conducted using weighted correlation network analysis. After building module-trait relationships, tan and yellow modules were regarded as hub modules. 10 hub genes from each hub module were identified by the protein-protein interaction network analysis. The key genes (RAB5A, CTTN, ITGB1, and MMP9) were obtained by comparing the expression differences of the hub gene between atherosclerotic and normal groups from the GSE28829 and GSE43292 datasets, respectively. ROC analysis showed the diagnostic value of key genes. Moreover, the differential expression of key genes in normal and atherosclerotic aortic walls was verified. In vitro, we establish a model of ox-LDL-injured endothelial cells and transfect RAB5A overexpression and shRNA plasmids. The results showed that overexpression of RAB5A ameliorates the proliferation and migration function of ox-LDL-injured endothelial cells, including the ability of tubule formation. It was speculated that the interferon response, Notch signaling pathways, etc. were involved in this function of RAB5A by using gene set variation analysis. With the multiple bioinformatics analysis methods, we detected that yellow and tan modules are related to the abnormal proliferation and migration of endothelial cells associated with atherosclerosis. RAB5A, CTTN, ITGB1, and MMP9 can be used as potential targets for therapy and diagnostic markers. In vitro, overexpression of RAB5A can ameliorate the proliferation and migration function of ox-LDL-injured endothelial cells, and the possible molecules involved in this process were speculated.
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109
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Hannemann C, Schecker JH, Brettschneider A, Grune J, Rösener N, Weller A, Stangl V, Fisher EA, Stangl K, Ludwig A, Hewing B. Deficiency of inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) attenuates diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and early atherogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:156-168. [PMID: 33576385 PMCID: PMC8932158 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall and anti-inflammatory treatment strategies are currently pursued to lower cardiovascular disease burden. Modulation of recently discovered inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) attenuates shedding of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) selectively from immune cells. The present study aims at investigating the impact of iRhom2 deficiency on the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice with additional deficiency of iRhom2 (LDLR-/-iRhom2-/-) and control (LDLR-/-) mice were fed a Western-type diet (WD) for 8 or 20 weeks to induce early or advanced atherosclerosis. Deficiency of iRhom2 resulted in a significant decrease in the size of early atherosclerotic plaques as determined in aortic root cross-sections. LDLR-/-iRhom2-/- mice exhibited significantly lower serum levels of TNF-α and lower circulating and hepatic levels of cholesterol and triglycerides compared to LDLR-/- mice at 8 weeks of WD. Analyses of hepatic bile acid concentration and gene expression at 8 weeks of WD revealed that iRhom2 deficiency prevented WD-induced repression of hepatic bile acid synthesis in LDLR-/- mice. In contrast, at 20 weeks of WD, plaque size, plaque composition, and serum levels of TNF-α or cholesterol were not different between genotypes. CONCLUSION Modulation of inflammation by iRhom2 deficiency attenuated diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and early atherogenesis in LDLR-/- mice. iRhom2 deficiency did not affect diet-induced plaque burden and composition in advanced atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Hannemann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Hannemann435 East 30th St., 10016 New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes H Schecker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alica Brettschneider
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Rösener
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Weller
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Hannemann435 East 30th St., 10016 New York, NY, USA
| | - Karl Stangl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Ludwig
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik für Radiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hewing
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Zentrum für Kardiologie, Kardiologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Loerstr. 19, 48143, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology III-Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Chan YH, Ramji DP. Key Roles of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Mediators Involved in Orchestrating the Inflammatory Response and Its Resolution in the Disease Along with Therapeutic Avenues Targeting Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:21-37. [PMID: 35237956 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical driver of all stages of atherosclerosis, from lesion development to plaque rupture. Cytokines are mediators of the immune response and in atherosclerosis, the balance of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines is tipped in favor of the latter, resulting in persistent and unresolved inflammation. Although reducing plasma cholesterol levels mainly via the use of statins has positively impacted patient outcomes and reduced mortality rates, the presence of significant residual inflammation and cardiovascular risk posttherapy emphasizes the prevailing risk of primary and secondary events driven by inflammation independently of hyperlipidemia. Given the dominant role of inflammation in driving pathogenesis, alternative therapeutic avenues beyond targeting lowering of plasma lipids are required. This chapter will discuss the role of inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in driving atherogenesis and disease progression, the therapeutic potential of targeting cytokines for atherosclerosis and promising avenues in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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111
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Khodir SA, Faried MA, Abd-Elhafiz HI, Sweed EM. Sitagliptin Attenuates the Cognitive Deficits in L-Methionine-Induced Vascular Dementia in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7222590. [PMID: 35265716 PMCID: PMC8898801 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7222590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most prevalent type of dementia characterized by progressive cognitive deficits and is a major risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. This study is aimed at determining the potential neuroprotective effect of sitagliptin (STG) on cognitive deficits in L-methionine-induced VaD in rats and the possible underlying mechanisms. 30 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided equally (n = 10) into three groups: control, VaD, and VaD + STG groups. The cognitive performance of the animals was conducted by open field, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. Serum homocysteine, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were assessed together with hippocampal MDA, SOD, and BDNF. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of the thoracic aorta and hippocampus (CA1 region) were also performed. Chronic L-methionine administration impaired memory and learning and induced anxiety. On the other hand, STG protected against cognitive deficits through improving oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory mediators, lipid profiles, and hippocampus level of BDNF as well as decreasing caspase-3 and GFAP and increasing Ki-67 immunoreactions in the hippocampus. Also, STG improved the endothelial dysfunction via upregulation of aortic eNOS immunoreaction. STG improved the cognitive deficits of L-methionine-induced VaD by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neurotrophic effects. These findings suggest that STG may be a promising future agent for protection against VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan A. Khodir
- 1Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Manar A. Faried
- 2Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Huda I. Abd-Elhafiz
- 3Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Sweed
- 3Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
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Lin G, Zhang L, Yan Z, Jiang W, Wu B, Li D, Xiong X. Identification of heterogeneous subsets of aortic interleukin-17A-expressing CD4 + T cells in atherosclerotic mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221117933. [PMID: 35932160 PMCID: PMC9364180 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221117933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the inflammatory response of
atherosclerosis. However, their heterogeneity in the atherosclerotic aorta remains
elusive. This study was designed to identify aortic Th17 subsets. Methods: The surface
markers and transcription factors of aortic interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-expressing T cells
were determined by flow cytometry in an ApoE-deficient mouse atherosclerotic model. Viable
aortic IL-17A-expressing T cell subsets were isolated by flow cytometry on the basis of
surface markers, followed by characterizing their transcription factors by either flow
cytometry or real-time RT-PCR. The effect of aortic IL-17A-expressing T cell subsets on
aortic endothelial cells was determined in vitro. Results: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor
3 (CXCR3), interleukin-17 receptor E (IL-17RE), CD200, and C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4
(CCR4) marked three subsets of aortic IL-17A-expressing T cells:
CXCR3+IL-17RElowCD200+CCR4- T cells
expressing T-box protein expressed in T cells (T-bet) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ),
CXCR3+IL-17RElowCD200+CCR4+ T cells
expressing T-bet but fewer IFN-γ, and
CXCR3−IL-17REhighCD200+CCR4+ T cells
expressing very low T-bet and no IFN-γ. Based on these markers, viable aortic Th17 cells,
Th17.1 cells, and transitional Th17.1 cells were identified. Both Th17.1 cells and
transitional Th17.1 cells were more proliferative than Th17 cells. Compared with Th17
cells, Th17.1 cells plus transitional Th17.1 cells induced higher expression of C-X-C
motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif
chemokine 5 (CXCL5), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in
aortic endothelial cells. Conclusion: IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells were
heterogeneous in atherosclerotic aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Lin
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- The Department of Cardiology at Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, China
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Zhang Y, Ding J, Wang Y, Feng X, Du M, Liu P. Guanxinkang Decoction Attenuates the Inflammation in Atherosclerosis by Regulating Efferocytosis and MAPKs Signaling Pathway in LDLR -/- Mice and RAW264.7 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731769. [PMID: 34950025 PMCID: PMC8688952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanxinkang decoction (GXK), a traditional Chinese medicinal drug, is used to treat cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of GXK on inflammation in LDLR−/− mice and RAW264.7 cells. Fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks, the mice were randomly divided into six groups, then administered with oral 0.9% saline or GXK (7.24, 14.48, and 28.96 g/kg) or Atorvastatin (1.3 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. RAW 264.7 cells were induced with ox-LDL or ox-LDL plus different concentrations of GXK (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μg/ml), or ox-LDL plus GXK plus MAPKs activators. Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA, gene expression by RT-qPCR, plaque sizes by Oil Red O, α-SMA, caspase 3, NF-κB p65 and TNF-α production by immunofluorescence staining, and protein expression by Western Blot. The phagocytic ability of cells was determined by neutral red uptake assay. Efferocytosis-related proteins (AML, MERTK, TYRO3 and MFGE8) and MAPKs pathways were detected by Western Blot. Compared to mice fed with high fat diet, the mice with GXK showed lower cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, smaller plaque sizes, higher α-SMA, and lower caspase 3 and NF-κB p65 in aortic roots. RAW264.7 cells treated with ox-LDL plus GXK had lower IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. GXK also increased the phagocytic ability of cells. High levels of AML, MERTK, TYRO3 and MFGE8, and decreased levels of iNOS, VCAM-1, LOX-1 and MCP-1, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and NF-κB were detected in GXK-treated group. MAPKs activators reversed the effects of GXK in repressing inflammation and promoting phagocytosis. These results suggested that GXK could attenuate atherosclerosis and resolve inflammation via efferocytosis and MAPKs signaling pathways in LDLR−/− mice and RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoteng Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ahmed S, Jacob B, Carsons SE, De Leon J, Reiss AB. Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Complex Challenge with Increased Atherosclerotic Risk. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010011. [PMID: 35056068 PMCID: PMC8778152 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries significant risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Traditional ASCVD risk factors fail to account for this accelerated atherosclerosis. Shared inflammatory pathways are fundamental in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Considering the impact of RA in increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the characterization of therapies encompassing both RA and ASCVD management merit high priority. Despite little progress, several drugs discussed here promote remission and or lower rheumatoid disease activity while simultaneously conferring some level of atheroprotection. Methotrexate, a widely used disease-modifying drug used in RA, is associated with significant reduction in cardiovascular adverse events. MTX promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages, upregulates free radical scavenging and improves endothelial function. Likewise, the sulfonamide drug sulfasalazine positively impacts the lipid profile by increasing HDL-C, and its use in RA has been correlated with reduced risk of myocardial infraction. In the biologic class, inhibitors of TNF-α and IL-6 contribute to improvements in endothelial function and promote anti-atherogenic properties of HDL-C, respectively. The immunosuppressant hydroxychloroquine positively affects insulin sensitization and the lipid profile. While no individual therapy has elicited optimal atheroprotection, further investigation of combination therapies are ongoing.
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Mir R, Elfaki I, Jha CK, Javid J, Babakr AT, Banu S, Mir MM, Jamwal D, Khullar N, Alzahrani KJ, Chahal SMS. Biological and clinical implications of TNF-α promoter and CYP1B1 gene variations in Coronary Artery Disease susceptibility. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:266-277. [PMID: 34939556 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x22666211221151830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are important causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder. It is the major cause of CVD and is manifested by ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease (CAD). TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates immune response and promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Cytochrome p450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substrates. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at examining the association of TNF-α rs1800629 G >A and CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T gene polymorphisms with CAD susceptibility in an Indian cohort. METHODS AS-PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to examine the association of TNF-α rs1800629 G >A and CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T gene polymorphism with CAD in an Indian cohort. A total of 100 clinically confirmed cases of CAD and 110 matched apparently healthy controls were genotyped. RESULTS Allelic and genotypic frequencies did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the controls (p>0.05) for TNF-α G-308A and CYP1B1 rs1056827G>A. There was no significant difference between the TNF-α rs1800629 A>G genotype distribution between cases and controls (P-value >0.05). A significant difference was observed between the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T genotype distribution between CAD cases and controls (P<0.0003). Our result indicated that in the codominant model, the GA genotype of the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T was associated with CAD with OR= 2.21(1.17 to 4.15), RR=1.38(1.07 to 1.78), and P<0.013. In the dominant model, the (GA+AA) genotype was associated with CAD with OR=2.79(1.54 to 5.05) and P<0.007. The CYP1B1 rs1056827 'A' allele was associated with CAD with OR = 2.30 (1.55 to 3.42) and P< 0.0001. Our results indicated that TNF-α 1800629 gene polymorphism was strongly associated with hypercholesteremia (P<0.0009), HDL (P<0.0001), TGL (P<0.039), hypertension (P<0.0001), and smoking (P<0.0001) in patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Similar correlations of CYP1B1 rs1056827 genotypes were reported with cholesterol (P<0.020), HDL (P<0.002), LDL (P<0.006), hypertension (P<0.03), and smoking (P<0.005). CONCLUSION It was reported that the GA genotype of the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T was strongly associated with susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease with OR= 2.21(1.17 to 4.15)) and P<0.013, and similarly, its A allele was associated with predisposition to CAD with OR = 2.30(1.55 to 3.42) and P< 0.0001. Our results indicated that TNF-α 1800629 gene polymorphism is not associated with predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease. Nevertheless, these results should be taken with caution and further validated with larger-scale studies before being introduced in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk. Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk. Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandan K Jha
- Department of Human Genetics Punjabi University, Punjab, India; 4Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamsheed Javid
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk. Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Taha Babakr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah. Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaheena Banu
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Research, Bangalore. India
| | - Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Dheeraj Jamwal
- Department of Human Genetics Punjabi University, Punjab. India
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib - 140407. India
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Taif. Saudi Arabia
| | - S M S Chahal
- Department of Human Genetics Punjabi University, Punjab. India
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of APOC3 stabilizes plasma lipids and inhibits atherosclerosis in rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:180. [PMID: 34922545 PMCID: PMC8684289 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) can lead to hypertriglyceridemia, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aim to create APOC3-knockout (KO) rabbits and explore the effects of APOC3 deletion on the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Methods An sgRNA anchored to exon 2 of APOC3 was designed to edit embryo genomes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The founder rabbits were sequenced, and their lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines, and atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed. Results When given a normal chow (NC) diet, all APOC3-KO rabbits had 50% lower triglyceride (TG) levels than those of the matched age control group. Additionally, their plasma lipoprotein lipase increased. When fed a high-fat diet, APOC3 deficiency was observed to be more conducive to the maintenance of plasma TG, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the inhibition of the inflammatory response and the protection against atherosclerosis in rabbits. Conclusion APOC3 deficiency can delay the formation of atherosclerosis-induced HFD in rabbits, indicating this is a novel therapeutic target to treat atherosclerosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01605-7.
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Shang C, Lin H, Fang X, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Qu Y, Xiang M, Shen Z, Xin L, Lu Y, Gao J, Cui X. Beneficial effects of cinnamon and its extracts in the management of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Food Funct 2021; 12:12194-12220. [PMID: 34752593 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes are the leading causes of death worldwide, which underlines the urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. Cinnamon has been an eminent component of spice and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Numerous lines of findings have elucidated that cinnamon has beneficial effects against CVDs in various ways, including endothelium protection, regulation of immune response, lowering blood lipids, antioxidative properties, anti-inflammatory properties, suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and mobilization, repression of platelet activity and thrombosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, emerging evidence has established that cinnamon improves diabetes, a crucial risk factor for CVDs, by enhancing insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion; regulating the enzyme activity involved in glucose; regulating glucose metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue and muscle; ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation to protect islet cells; and improving diabetes complications. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms by which cinnamon regulates CVDs and diabetes in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical application of cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongchen Lin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuqin Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zihuan Shen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jialiang Gao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Valsesia A, Egli L, Bosco N, Magkos F, Kong SC, Sun L, Goh HJ, Weiting H, Arigoni F, Leow MKS, Yeo KK, Actis-Goretta L. Clinical- and omics-based models of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy Chinese adults: a cross-sectional exploratory study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1752-1762. [PMID: 34476468 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical risk factors, such as fasting cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), and diabetes status are used today to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, accurate prediction remains limited, particularly in low-risk groups such as women and younger individuals. Growing evidence suggests that biomarker concentrations following consumption of a meal challenge are better and earlier predictors of disease development than biomarker concentrations. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that postprandial responses of circulating biomarkers differ between healthy subjects with and without subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in an Asian population at low risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS One hundred healthy Chinese subjects (46 women, 54 men) completed the study. Subjects consumed a mixed-meal test and 164 blood biomarkers were analyzed over 6 h by using a combination of chemical and NMR techniques. Models were trained using different methodologies (including logistic regression, elastic net, random forest, sparse partial least square) on a random 75% subset of the data, and their performance was evaluated on the remaining 25%. RESULTS We found that models based on baseline clinical parameters or fasting biomarkers could not reliably predict SA. By contrast, an omics model based on magnitude and timing of postprandial biomarkers achieved high performance [receiving operating characteristic (ROC) AUC: 91%; 95% CI: 77, 100). Investigation of key features of this model enabled derivation of a considerably simpler model, solely based on postprandial BP and age, with excellent performance (AUC: 91%; 95% CI: 78, 100). CONCLUSION We report a novel model to detect SA based on postprandial BP and age in a population of Asian subjects at low risk of CAD. The use of this model in large-scale CVD prevention programs should be explored. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03531879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nestlé Research Singapore Hub, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | | | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Borowska M, Winiarska H, Dworacka M, Wesołowska A, Dworacki G, Mikołajczak PŁ. The Effect of Homocysteine on the Secretion of Il-1β, Il-6, Il-10, Il-12 and RANTES by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells-An In Vitro Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216671. [PMID: 34771080 PMCID: PMC8588228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contemporary theory of the inflammatory-immunological pathomechanism of atherosclerosis includes the participation of interleukin-1β (Il), Il-6, Il-10, Il-12, RANTES, and homocysteine in this process. The knowledge on the direct effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on inflammatory-state-related atherosclerosis is rather scarce. Our study is the first to account for the effects of homocysteine on the secretion of Il-10 and RANTES in vitro conditions. For this purpose, human mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were cultured in vitro and exposed to homocysteine at high concentrations. Subsequently, the concentrations of cytokines were assayed in the cell culture supernatant using flow cytofluorimetry. It has been shown that, in the presence of homocysteine, the secretion of IL-1, IL-6 and RANTES by PBMNCs was increased, whereas IL-10 concentration was significantly lower than that of the supernatant derived from a mitogen-stimulated cell culture without homocysteine. The secretion of Il-12 by PBMNCs exposed exclusively to mitogen, did not differ from homologous cells also treated with homocysteine. Therefore, in our opinion, high-concentration homocysteine affects the progression of atherosclerosis by increasing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines secreted by PBMNCs, such as Il-1β, Il-6, RANTES, and by attenuating the secretion of Il-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Borowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna Winiarska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Marzena Dworacka
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Dworacki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Łukasz Mikołajczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (H.W.); (M.D.); (A.W.); (P.Ł.M.)
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Zhang Y, Li W, Li H, Zhou M, Zhang J, Fu Y, Zhang C, Sun X. Circ_USP36 Silencing Attenuates Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Dysfunction in Endothelial Cells in Atherosclerosis Through Mediating miR-197-3p/ROBO1 Axis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e761-e772. [PMID: 34369900 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are reported to play pivotal regulatory roles in atherosclerosis progression. In the present study, we explored the biological role of circRNA ubiquitin-specific peptidase 36 (circ_USP36; hsa_circ_0003204) in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs). RNA and protein levels were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay, respectively. Cell proliferation was analyzed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry was conducted to analyze cell cycle progression and cell apoptosis. The release of tumor necrosis factor α in the supernatant was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Cell death was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Intermolecular interaction was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Circ_USP36 expression was significantly up-regulated in the serum of atherosclerosis patients and ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs than that in their corresponding controls. ox-LDL exposure inhibited the proliferation ability and cell cycle progression and triggered the apoptosis and inflammation of HUVECs, and these effects were largely overturned by the knockdown of circ_USP36. microRNA-197-3p (miR-197-3p) was a target of circ_USP36, and circ_USP36 knockdown-mediated protective role in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs was largely counteracted by the silence of miR-197-3p. miR-197-3p interacted with the 3' untranslated region of roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1). Circ_USP36 knockdown reduced ROBO1 expression partly by up-regulating miR-197-3p in HUVECs. ROBO1 overexpression reversed miR-197-3p accumulation-mediated effects in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. In conclusion, circ_USP36 interference alleviated ox-LDL-induced dysfunction in HUVECs by targeting miR-197-3p/ROBO1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China; and
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China; and
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China; and
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China; and
| | - Yongli Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China; and
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China; and
| | - Xiaozhu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China; and
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Baumer Y, McCurdy SG, Boisvert WA. Formation and Cellular Impact of Cholesterol Crystals in Health and Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100638. [PMID: 34590446 PMCID: PMC11055929 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol crystals (CCs) were first discovered in atherosclerotic plaque tissue in the early 1900 and have since been observed and implicated in many diseases and conditions, including myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurism, kidney disease, ocular diseases, and even central nervous system anomalies. Despite the widespread involvement of CCs in many pathologies, the mechanisms involved in their formation and their role in various diseases are still not fully understood. Current knowledge concerning the formation of CCs, as well as the molecular pathways activated upon cellular exposure to CCs, will be explored in this review. As CC formation is tightly associated with lipid metabolism, the role of cellular lipid homeostasis in the formation of CCs is highlighted, including the role of lysosomes. In addition, cellular pathways and processes known to be affected by CCs are described. In particular, CC-induced activation of the inflammasome and production of reactive oxygen species, along with the role of CCs in complement-mediated inflammation is discussed. Moreover, the clinical manifestation of embolized CCs is described with a focus on renal and skin diseases associated with CC embolism. Lastly, potential therapeutic measures that target either the formation of CCs or their impact on different cell types and tissues are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Building 10, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sara G. McCurdy
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Street, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William A. Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Sung LC, Chang CC, Lin CS, Yeh CC, Cherng YG, Chen TL, Liao CC. Risk of acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20907. [PMID: 34686769 PMCID: PMC8536656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between pancreatitis and acute myocardial infarction or stroke remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in people with acute and chronic pancreatitis. Using research database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance, we identified 2678 patients aged ≥ 20 years with newly diagnosed pancreatitis in 2000–2008. A cohort of 10,825 adults without pancreatitis was selected for comparison, with matching by age and sex. Both cohorts were followed from 2000 to the end of 2013, and incident acute ASCVD was identified during the follow-up period. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of acute ASCVD associated with pancreatitis were calculated. Compared with the comparison cohort, the adjusted HR of acute ASCVD were 1.76 (95% CI 1.47–2.12) and 3.42 (95% CI 1.69–6.94) for people with acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, respectively. A history of alcohol-related illness (HR 9.49, 95% CI 3.78–23.8), liver cirrhosis (HR 7.31, 95% CI 1.81–29.5), and diabetes (HR 6.89, 95% CI 2.18–21.8) may worsen the risk of acute ASCVD in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Compared with people had no pancreatitis, patients with acute pancreatitis who had alcohol-related illness (HR 4.66, 95% CI 3.24–6.70), liver cirrhosis (HR 4.44, 95% CI 3.05–6.47), and diabetes (HR 2.61, 95% CI 2.03–3.36) were at increased risk of acute ASCVD. However, the cumulative use of metformin was associated with a reduced risk of acute ASCVD in the acute pancreatitis cohort (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17–0.50). Compared with the control group, patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis were more likely to have an increased risk of acute ASCVD, while the use of metformin reduced the risk of acute ASCVD. Our findings warrant a survey and education on acute ASCVD for patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chin Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Chau Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Shun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wang Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Soesanto E, Pranata S, Rejeki S, Irham LM. The Role of Bamboo Shoot Gigantochloa Apus Extract in Decreasing the IL-17/IL-10 Ratio Level in the Atherosclerosis Process. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis begins with injury to the endothelial, progressive, and increases by 3% per year since the age of a person passes 20 years. The ratio of the number of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines can describe the development of the process of atherosclerosis so that the higher the ratio will increase the chance of atherosclerosis.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Bamboo shoot Gigantochloa apus (BSGA) extract on decreasing interleukin-17 (IL-17)/IL-10 level ratios in New Zealand White rabbits given an atherogenic diet.
METHODS: This study uses BSGA extract freeze-dried aged 1–2 weeks and New Zealand White rabbits. Atherogenic feed uses 0.5% egg yolk and 5% pork oil which is added to the standard feed. Randomized pre- and post-test with control group design by dividing into four groups were used in this study.
RESULTS: The mean ratio of IL-17 levels with IL-10 between before and after (p < 0.005) in all groups showed a significant difference. There was a trend of increasing the ratio between IL-17 levels and IL-10 in all groups and the highest increase occurred in the control group which was 420%.
CONCLUSION: The higher the dose of BSGA extract administration could reduce the ratio between IL-17 levels and IL-10 and there is a correlation with a negative linear pattern between IL-10 and IL-17 with p = 0.034 which means that higher levels of IL-10 will reduce IL-17 levels.
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Inflammatory Mediators of Platelet Activation: Focus on Atherosclerosis and COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011170. [PMID: 34681830 PMCID: PMC8539848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory and thrombotic state, leading to devastating complications with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Summary: In this review article, we present the available evidence regarding the impact of inflammation on platelet activation in atherosclerosis. Key messages: In the context of a dysfunctional vascular endothelium, structural alterations by means of endothelial glycocalyx thinning or functional modifications through impaired NO bioavailability and increased levels of von Willebrand factor result in platelet activation. Moreover, neutrophil-derived mediators, as well as neutrophil extracellular traps formation, have been implicated in the process of platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines is also critical since their receptors are also situated in platelets while TNF-α has also been found to induce inflammatory, metabolic, and bone marrow changes. Additionally, important progress has been made towards novel concepts of the interaction between inflammation and platelet activation, such as the toll-like receptors, myeloperoxidase, and platelet factor-4. The accumulating evidence is especially important in the era of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, characterized by an excessive inflammatory burden leading to thrombotic complications, partially mediated by platelet activation. Lastly, recent advances in anti-inflammatory therapies point towards an anti-thrombotic effect secondary to diminished platelet activation.
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125
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Burtscher B, Manco Urbina PA, Diacci C, Borghi S, Pinti M, Cossarizza A, Salvarani C, Berggren M, Biscarini F, Simon DT, Bortolotti CA. Sensing Inflammation Biomarkers with Electrolyte-Gated Organic Electronic Transistors. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100955. [PMID: 34423579 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An overview of cytokine biosensing is provided, with a focus on the opportunities provided by organic electronic platforms for monitoring these inflammation biomarkers which manifest at ultralow concentration levels in physiopathological conditions. Specifically, two of the field's state-of-the-art technologies-organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors (EGOFETs)-and their use in sensing cytokines and other proteins associated with inflammation are a particular focus. The overview will include an introduction to current clinical and "gold standard" quantification techniques and their limitations in terms of cost, time, and required infrastructure. A critical review of recent progress with OECT- and EGOFET-based protein biosensors is presented, alongside a discussion onthe future of these technologies in the years and decades ahead. This is especially timely as the world grapples with limited healthcare diagnostics during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)pandemic where one of the worst-case scenarios for patients is the "cytokine storm." Clearly, low-cost point-of-care technologies provided by OECTs and EGOFETs can ease the global burden on healthcare systems and support professionals by providing unprecedented wealth of data that can help to monitor disease progression in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Burtscher
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | | | - Chiara Diacci
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Simone Borghi
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 287 Modena 41125 Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Rheumatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Policlinico di Modena Modena 41124 Italy
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
- Center for Translation Neurophysiology Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Fossato di Mortara 17–19 Ferrara 44100 Italy
| | - Daniel T. Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Carlo A. Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Via Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy
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126
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Nanomaterial-Based Drug Targeted Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases: Ischemic Heart Failure and Atherosclerosis. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the most important epidemic of our century, with more than 37 million patients globally. Furthermore, CVDs are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and also increased hospitalization rates and poor quality of life. Out of the plethora of conditions that can lead to CVDs, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease are responsible for more than 2/3 of the cases that end in severe heart failure and finally death. Current therapy strategies for CVDs focus mostly on symptomatic benefits and have a moderate impact on the underlying physiopathological mechanisms. Modern therapies try to approach different physiopathological pathways such as reduction of inflammation, macrophage regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, stem-cell differentiation and cellular regeneration. Recent technological advances make possible the development of several nanoparticles used not only for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, but also for targeted drug delivery. Due to their high specificity, nanocarriers can deliver molecules with poor pharmacokinetics and dynamics such as: peptides, proteins, polynucleotides, genes and even stem cells. In this review we focused on the applications of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart failure and atherosclerosis.
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Liu X, Guo JW, Lin XC, Tuo YH, Peng WL, He SY, Li ZQ, Ye YC, Yu J, Zhang FR, Ma MM, Shang JY, Lv XF, Zhou AD, Ouyang Y, Wang C, Pang RP, Sun JX, Ou JS, Zhou JG, Liang SJ. Macrophage NFATc3 prevents foam cell formation and atherosclerosis: evidence and mechanisms. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4847-4861. [PMID: 34570211 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our previous study demonstrated that Ca2+ influx through the Orai1 store-operated Ca2+ channel in macrophages contributes to foam cell formation and atherosclerosis via the calcineurin-ASK1 pathway, not the classical calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway. Moreover, up-regulation of NFATc3 in macrophages inhibits foam cell formation, suggesting that macrophage NFATc3 is a negative regulator of atherogenesis. Hence, this study investigated the precise role of macrophage NFATc3 in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Macrophage-specific NFATc3 knockout mice were generated to determine the effect of NFATc3 on atherosclerosis in a mouse model of adeno-associated virus-mutant PCSK9-induced atherosclerosis. NFATc3 expression was decreased in macrophages within human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, NFATc3 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atherosclerotic patients were negatively associated with plaque instability. Furthermore, macrophage-specific ablation of NFATc3 in mice led to the atherosclerotic plaque formation, whereas macrophage-specific NFATc3 transgenic mice exhibited the opposite phenotype. NFATc3 deficiency in macrophages promoted foam cell formation by potentiating SR-A- and CD36-meditated lipid uptake. NFATc3 directly targeted and transcriptionally up-regulated miR-204 levels. Mature miR-204-5p suppressed SR-A expression via canonical regulation. Unexpectedly, miR-204-3p localized in the nucleus and inhibited CD36 transcription. Restoration of miR-204 abolished the proatherogenic phenotype observed in the macrophage-specific NFATc3 knockout mice, and blockade of miR-204 function reversed the beneficial effects of NFATc3 in macrophages. CONCLUSION Macrophage NFATc3 up-regulates miR-204 to reduce SR-A and CD36 levels, thereby preventing foam cell formation and atherosclerosis, indicating that the NFATc3/miR-204 axis may be a potential therapeutic target against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Liu
- Program of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Rd, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong-Hua Tuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang East Rd, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wan-Li Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Su-Yue He
- Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Qiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Rd, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan-Chen Ye
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Rd, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Fei-Ran Zhang
- Program of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin-Yan Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - An-Dong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Second Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Rd, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Rd, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Program of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui-Ping Pang
- Department of Physiology, Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian-Xin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St., Rm. 368G, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 ZhongShan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia-Guo Zhou
- Program of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Rd, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 1 Xinzao Rd, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Si-Jia Liang
- Program of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Wang J, Shan S, Lyu A, Wan Y, Zhang J. Helianthus Annuus L. Alleviates High-Fat Diet Induced Atherosclerosis by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota, Inhibiting Inflammation and Restraining Oxidative Stress. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1683-1701. [PMID: 34521318 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helianthus Annuus L. (HAL) is composed of flavonoids and polysaccharides. Flavonoids have demonstrated beneficial effects on atherosclerosis (AS). The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerosis effect and the related mechanism of HAL. In this study, the AS model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) mice that lacked apolipoprotein E (Apoe[Formula: see text] received feed containing 5% HAL for 24 weeks. After administration, the analysis of plaque on aorta was conducted, and the possible mechanisms were further explored. With HAL treatment, the size of atherosclerotic lesions in HFD-induced AS model mice was reduced. HAL ameliorated dyslipidemia and decreased the combined ratio. HAL up-regulated concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and down-regulated concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aorta. In addition, 16S rRNA analysis showed that HAL also reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota, decreased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased the relative abundance of probiotics such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus. In the end, HAL decreased the permeability of intestine by increasing the levels of occludin and tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1) in the colon, consequently decreasing concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1[Formula: see text] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[Formula: see text] in serum and mRNA expressions in the aorta. Data showed that HAL alleviates AS by restraining oxidative stress, regulating intestinal microbiota, decreasing intestinal permeability and inhibiting inflammation. Our findings provided novel insights into the role and mechanism of anti-atherogenic potential of HAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau, Renqiu, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Shan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
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Li PC, Yang YC, Wang JH, Lin SZ, Ding DC. Endometriosis Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Women. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4173. [PMID: 34575282 PMCID: PMC8472678 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common systemic chronic inflammatory disease. Inflammation is the key mechanism responsible for the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) among Asian women with endometriosis. This retrospective population-based cohort study included patients with endometriosis diagnosed from 2000 to 2012 and registered in the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, Taiwan. The comparison cohort (those without endometriosis) were selected (1:4) by matching the age frequency and the index year. We followed up the patients until the diagnosis of CAD (ICD-9-CM codes: 410-414, A270, and A279), withdrawal from the National Health Insurance system, death, or the end of the study. We used a multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model for evaluating the risk of CAD. We included 19,454 patients with endometriosis and 77,816 women as a comparison group. The mean age of the women at the diagnosis of endometriosis was 37.4 years. A total of 3245 women developed CAD in both groups during a median follow-up of 7 years. The incidence of CAD was higher in women with endometriosis than in those without (5.96 vs. 4.38 per 10,000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.34 [1.22-1.47]). In conclusion, Asian women with endometriosis had a significantly higher risk of CAD. Further large-scale studies are needed to elucidate the cause-effect relationship between endometriosis and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Cih Yang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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130
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Martí-Carvajal AJ, De Sanctis JB, Dayer M, Martí-Amarista CE, Alegría E, Monge Martín D, Abd El Aziz M, Correa-Pérez A, Nicola S, Parise Vasco JM. Interleukin-receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo J Martí-Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo (Centro Cochrane Ecuador); Universidad UTE; Quito Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina (Centro Cochrane Madrid); Universidad Francisco de Vitoria; Madrid Spain
- Cátedra Rectoral de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia; Universidad de Carabobo; Valencia Venezuela
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine; Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Mark Dayer
- Department of Cardiology; Somerset NHS Foundation Trust; Taunton UK
| | | | - Eduardo Alegría
- Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Francisco de Vitoria; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Mohamed Abd El Aziz
- Internal medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoPaul L. Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, Texas USA
| | - Andrea Correa-Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Francisco de Vitoria; Madrid Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Nicola
- Centro Asociado Cochrane Ecuador, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC); Universidad UTE; Quito Ecuador
| | - Juan Marcos Parise Vasco
- Centro Asociado Cochrane Ecuador, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC); Universidad UTE; Quito Ecuador
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Angom RS, Zhu J, Wu ATH, Sumitra MR, Pham V, Dutta S, Wang E, Madamsetty VS, Perez-Cordero GD, Huang HS, Mukhopadhyay D, Wang Y. LCC-09, a Novel Salicylanilide Derivative, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Vascular Endothelial Cells. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4551-4565. [PMID: 34526801 PMCID: PMC8436973 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s305168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial cell (EC) activation facilitates leukocyte adhesion to vascular walls, which is implicated in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and is a target for prevention and treatment. Despite the development of anti-inflammatory medications, cost-effective therapies with significant anti-inflammatory effects and lower organ toxicity remain elusive. The goal of this study is to identify novel synthetic compounds that inhibit EC inflammatory response with minimal organ toxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we discovered LCC-09, a salicylanilide derivative consisting of the functional fragment of magnolol, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and paeonol moiety of salicylate, as a novel anti-inflammatory compound in cultured ECs and zebrafish model. LCC-09 was shown to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, leading to reduced leukocyte adhesion to ECs. Mechanistically, LCC-09 inhibits the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), TNFα-induced degradation of NF-κ-B Inhibitor-α (IκBα) and phosphorylation of NFκB p65, resulting in reduced NFκB transactivation activity and binding to E-selectin promoter. Additionally, LCC-09 attenuated TNFα-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in ECs. Molecular docking models suggest the binding of LCC-09 to NFκB essential modulator (NEMO) and Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) may lead to dual inhibition of NFκB and STAT1. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of LCC-09 was validated in the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation model in zebrafish. Our results demonstrated that LCC-09 significantly reduced the LPS-induced leukocyte recruitment and mortality of zebrafish embryos. Finally, LCC-09 was administered to cultured ECs and zebrafish embryos and showed minimal toxicities. CONCLUSION Our results support that LCC-09 inhibits EC inflammatory response but does not elicit significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maryam Rachmawati Sumitra
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Victoria Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shamit Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Gabriel D Perez-Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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132
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Vahdat-Lasemi F, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Tasbandi A, Jaafari MR, Sahebkar A. Targeting interleukin-β by plant-derived natural products: Implications for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5596-5622. [PMID: 34390063 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the main contributing factor to atheroma formation in atherosclerosis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is an inflammatory mediator found in endothelial cells and resident leukocytes. Canakinumab is a selective monoclonal antibody against IL-1β which attenuates inflammation and concurrently precipitates fatal infections and sepsis. Natural products derived from medicinal plants, herbal remedy and functional foods are widely used nowadays. Experimental and clinical trial evidence supports that some natural products such as curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin have potential effects on IL-1β suppression. In this review, we tried to document findings that used medicinal plants and plant-based natural products for treating atherosclerosis and its related diseases through the suppression of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vahdat-Lasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Mangoni AA, Tommasi S, Sotgia S, Zinellu A, Paliogiannis P, Piga M, Cauli A, Pintus G, Carru C, Erre GL. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine: a Key Player in the Pathophysiology of Endothelial Dysfunction, Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2131-2140. [PMID: 33413061 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210106144247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic and disabling autoimmune condition that is characterized by articular and extra-articular manifestations and a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state, suffer from premature atherosclerosis and excessive cardiovascular disease burden. A key step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is impaired synthesis of the endogenous messenger nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells which, in turn, alters local homeostatic mechanisms and favors vascular damage and plaque deposition. While the exact mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in RA remain to be established, there is good evidence that RA patients have relatively high circulating concentrations of the methylated arginine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a potent endogenous inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). This review discusses the biological and pathophysiological role of ADMA, the interplay between ADMA, inflammation and oxidative stress, and the available evidence on the adverse impact of ADMA on endothelial function and atherosclerosis and potential ADMA-lowering therapies in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sara Tommasi
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Piga
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Cauli
- Rheumatology Unit, University Clinic and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian L Erre
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital (AOUSS) and University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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134
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Gao Y, Li G, Fan S, Wang Y, Wei H, Li M, Li X. Circ_0093887 upregulates CCND2 and SUCNR1 to inhibit the ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis by functioning as a miR-876-3p sponge. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1137-1149. [PMID: 33844344 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed in mammals and act as regulatory targets in the atherogenesis. The objective of this study was to research the biological role and molecular mechanism of circ_0093887 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced atherosclerosis (AS) of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Cell viability detection was performed by CCK-8 assay. Inflammatory molecules were examined using ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell-cycle progression and cell apoptotic rate. Caspase 3 activity was determined using caspase 3 activity assay. The expression levels of circ_0093887, miR-876-3p, CCND2 and SUCNR1 were assayed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays were used for the target analysis. EdU assay, wound healing assay/transwell assay and tube formation assay were, respectively, used to assess the effects of circ_0093887/miR-876-3p axis on cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein inhibited cell viability and cell-cycle progression but induced the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. Circ_0093887 was downregulated and miR-876-3p was upregulated in AS patients and ox-LDL-treated HAECs. Functionally, the overexpression of circ_0093887 abrogated the cell injury of HAEC exposed to ox-LDL. For the functional mechanism, we found that circ_0093887 was a sponge for miR-876-3p and miR-876 targeted CCND2 or SUCNR1. The reverted experiment indicated that the function of circ_0093887 was achieved by sponging miR-876-3p. Meanwhile, miR-876-3p inhibitor relieved the inhibitory regulation of circ_0093887 knockdown in cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Downregulation of miR-876-3p also alleviated the ox-LDL-induced cell injury by upregulating the expression of CCND2 or SUCNR1. Furthermore, circ_0093887 was validated to regulate the levels of CCND2 and SUCNR1 via the sponge effect on miR-876-3p. The protective effects of circ_0093887 on HAECs from ox-LDL were also alleviated by repressing the CCND2 and SUCNR1 levels. These findings suggested that circ_0093887 protected HAEC against the ox-LDL-induced inflammatory and apoptotic damages by targeting the miR-876-3p/CCND2 or miR-876/SUCNRA axis. Circ_0093887 could act as a potential therapeutic biomarker for AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shasha Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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135
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Oikonomou E, Lazaros G, Mystakidi VC, Papaioannou N, Theofilis P, Vogiatzi G, Chasikidis C, Fountoulakis P, Papakostantinou MA, Assimakopoulos MN, Barmparesos N, Tasios P, Kaski JC, Tousoulis D. The association of air pollutants exposure with subclinical inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2021; 342:108-114. [PMID: 34339768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a well-described environmental factor with evidence suggesting a firm association with cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of exposure to gaseous air pollutants on atherosclerosis burden. METHODS 1955 inhabitants of the Corinthia region, aged 40 years or older, underwent clinical and biochemical assessment as well as carotid ultrasonography to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque burden. Analyzers recording time series concentration of CO, NO2, and SO2 were located at 4 different open sites (Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4) based on their proximity to industries, highways or shipyards. RESULTS A higher concentration of CO, NO2, and SO2 was observed in Region 4 compared to the other regions. Mean cIMT (Region 1: 0.93 ± 0.24 mm; Region 2: 0.96 ± 0.40 mm; Region 3: 0.94 ± 0.39 mm; Region 4: 1.14 ± 0.55 mm, p < 0.001), maximum cIMT (p < 0.001) as well as carotid plaque burden (Region 1: 13.3%; Region 2: 18.8%; Region 3: 22.4%; Region 4: 38.6%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in individuals of Region 4. Inhabitants of Region 4 had also higher levels of C reactive protein (Region 1: 4.56 ± 4.85 mg/l; Region 2: 3.49 ± 4.46 mg/l; Region 3: 4.03 ± 3.32 mg/l, Region 4: 5.16 ± 8.26 mg/l, p < 0.001). Propensity score analysis revealed higher inter-area differences in mean cIMT of individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) (high vs low air pollution area: 1.56 ± 0.80 mm; vs. 1.18 ± 0.54 mm, p < 0.001) while there was no difference in cIMT of the matched population without CAD (p = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS An increased carotid atherosclerotic and inflammatory burden is observed in inhabitants of areas with the highest concentration of air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Lazaros
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chara Mystakidi
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Argentina Papakostantinou
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Barmparesos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tasios
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - Juan C Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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What Links an Increased Cardiovascular Risk and Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082661. [PMID: 34444821 PMCID: PMC8398182 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in cases of early atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. IBD most frequently begins at an early age, patients usually present normal weight and remain under constant care of a physician, as well as of a nutritionist. Therefore, the classical risk factors of CVD are not reflected in the higher prevalence of CVD in the IBD population. Still, both groups are characterised by chronic inflammation and display similar physiopathological mechanisms. In the course of IBD, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine, may lead to endothelial dysfunctions and the development of CVD. Furthermore, gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with IBD also constitutes a risk factor for an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Additionally, diet is an essential factor affecting both positively and negatively the course of the aforementioned diseases, whereas several dietary patterns may also influence the association between IBD and CVD. Thus, it is essential to investigate the factors responsible for the increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in this group of patients. Our paper attempts to review the role of potential inflammatory and nutritional factors, as well as intestinal dysbiosis and pharmacotherapy, in the increased risk of CVD in IBD patients.
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137
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Sun X, Deng K, Zang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao B, Fan J, Huang L. Exploring the regulatory roles of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106898. [PMID: 34302990 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure. Recent evidence has shown that circRNAs can regulate gene transcription, alternative splicing, microRNA (miRNA) "molecular sponges", RNA-binding proteins and protein translation. Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and more studies have indicated that circRNAs are related to atherosclerosis pathogenesis, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammation and lipid metabolism. In this review, we systematically summarize the biogenesis, characteristics and functions of circRNAs with a focus on their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China.
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Molecular Dysfunctions of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Contacts in Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2424509. [PMID: 34336087 PMCID: PMC8321742 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2424509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory disease that results in the formation of lipid-rich and immune cell-rich plaques in the arterial wall, which has high morbidity and mortality in the world. The mechanism of atherosclerosis is still unclear now. Potential hypotheses involved in atherosclerosis are chronic inflammation theory, lipid percolation theory, mononuclear-macrophage theory, endothelial cell (EC) injury theory, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) mutation theory. Changes of phospholipids, glucose, critical proteins, etc. on mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) can cause the progress of atherosclerosis. This review describes the structural and functional interaction between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and explains the role of critical molecules in the structure of MAM during atherosclerosis.
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139
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Sagris M, Theofilis P, Antonopoulos AS, Tsioufis C, Oikonomou E, Antoniades C, Crea F, Kaski JC, Tousoulis D. Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Atherosclerosis: Current Pharmaceutical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6607. [PMID: 34205487 PMCID: PMC8234423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with excess mortality worldwide. The cardiovascular system is the second most common target of SARS-CoV-2, which leads to severe complications, including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism, as well as other major thrombotic events because of direct endothelial injury and an excessive systemic inflammatory response. This review focuses on the similarities and the differences of inflammatory pathways involved in COVID-19 and atherosclerosis. Anti-inflammatory agents and immunomodulators have recently been assessed, which may constitute rational treatments for the reduction of cardiovascular events in both COVID-19 and atherosclerotic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Sagris
- 1st Cardiology Department, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (P.T.); (A.S.A.); (C.T.); (E.O.)
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Cardiology Department, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (P.T.); (A.S.A.); (C.T.); (E.O.)
| | - Alexios S. Antonopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (P.T.); (A.S.A.); (C.T.); (E.O.)
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Department, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (P.T.); (A.S.A.); (C.T.); (E.O.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Department, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (P.T.); (A.S.A.); (C.T.); (E.O.)
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Oxford Centre of Research Excellence, British Heart Foundation, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute of Health Research, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Juan Carlos Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, ‘Hippokration’ General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (P.T.); (A.S.A.); (C.T.); (E.O.)
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140
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Uremic Toxins and Their Relation with Oxidative Stress Induced in Patients with CKD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126196. [PMID: 34201270 PMCID: PMC8229520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of toxins is believed to be a major factor in the development of uremia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Uremic toxins have been divided into 3 groups: small substances dissolved in water, medium molecules: peptides and low molecular weight proteins, and protein-bound toxins. One of the earliest known toxins is urea, the concentration of which was considered negligible in CKD patients. However, subsequent studies have shown that it can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induce insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo, as well as cause carbamylation of proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Other uremic toxins and their participation in the damage caused by oxidative stress to biological material are also presented. Macromolecules and molecules modified as a result of carbamylation, oxidative stress, and their adducts with uremic toxins, may lead to cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of mortality in patients with CKD.
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141
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Mohammad-Rezaei M, Ahmadi R, Rafiei A, Khaledifar A, Fattahi S, Samiei-Sefat A, Emami S, Bagheri N. Serum levels of IL-32 in patients with coronary artery disease and its relationship with the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4263-4271. [PMID: 34086163 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by atherosclerosis, in which arteries become clogged due to plaque formation, fat accumulation, and various sorts of immune cells. IL-32 is a proinflammatory cytokine, which enhances inflammation through inducing the secretion of different inflammatory cytokines. The main objective of the current study was to assess the serum levels of IL-32 in subjects with obstructive CAD and its relationship with the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. This study was performed on 42 subjects with obstructive CAD and 42 subjects with non-obstructive CAD. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-32 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-32 were 3.2, 3.48, and 2.7 times higher in obstructive CAD compared to non-obstructive CAD, respectively. Moreover, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-32 in obstructive CAD with cardiac arterial stenosis in one major vessel were significantly higher than the levels in obstructive CAD with cardiac arterial stenosis in more than one major vessel. ROC curve analysis revealed that the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-32 were good predictors of obstructive CAD. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analyses suggested that the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-32, LDL, and ox-LDL were independently related to the presence of obstructive CAD, while serum levels of HDL were not. TNF-α, IL-32, and IL-6 showed an increase in obstructive CAD, and the serum levels of these cytokines showed a satisfactory ability for predicting obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mohammad-Rezaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Rafiei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arsalan Khaledifar
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soheila Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Azadeh Samiei-Sefat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shohreh Emami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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142
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Rogula S, Błażejowska E, Gąsecka A, Szarpak Ł, Jaguszewski MJ, Mazurek T, Filipiak KJ. Inclisiran-Silencing the Cholesterol, Speaking up the Prognosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2467. [PMID: 34199468 PMCID: PMC8199585 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a primary target in cardiovascular risk reduction due to its well-established benefits in terms of decreased mortality. Despite the use of statin therapy, 10%-20% of high- and very-high-risk patients do not reach their LDL-C targets. There is an urgent need for improved strategies to manage dyslipidemia, especially among patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, but also in patients with established cardiovascular disease who fail to achieve LDL goals despite combined statin, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) therapy. Inclisiran is a disruptive, first-in-class small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutic developed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) synthesis, thereby upregulating the number of LDL receptors on the hepatocytes, thus lowering the plasma LDL-C concentration. Inclisiran decreases the LDL-C levels by over 50% with one dose every 6 months, making it a simple and well-tolerated treatment strategy. In this review, we summarize the general information regarding (i) the role of LDL-C in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, (ii) data regarding the role of PCSK9 in cholesterol metabolism, (iii) pleiotropic effects of PCSK9, and (iv) the effects of PCSK9 silencing. In addition, we focus on inclisiran, in terms of its (i) mechanism of action, (ii) biological efficacy and safety, (iii) results from the ORION trials, (iv) benefits of its combination with statins, and (v) its potential future role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Rogula
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (E.B.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Ewelina Błażejowska
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (E.B.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (E.B.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Białystok Oncology Centre, Ogrodowa 12, 15-027 Białystok, Poland;
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, Solidarności 12, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milosz J. Jaguszewski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Mazurek
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (E.B.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (E.B.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
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143
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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144
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Abstract
Significance: Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world despite significant progress in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of atherosclerotic disease. Recent Advances: The focus of the cardiovascular community has shifted toward seeking a better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms driving residual CAD risk that is not modulated by current therapies. Significant progress has been achieved in revealing both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and how shift of the balance in favor of the former can drive the development of disease. Critical Issues: Advances in the noninvasive detection of coronary artery inflammation have been forthcoming. These advances include multiple imaging modalities, with novel applications of computed tomography both with and without positron emission tomography, and experimental ultrasound techniques. These advances will enable better selection of patients for anti-inflammatory treatments and assessment of treatment response. The rapid advancement in pharmaceutical design has enabled the production of specific antibodies against inflammatory pathways of atherosclerosis, with modest success to date. The pursuit of demonstrating the efficacy and safety of novel anti-inflammatory and/or proinflammatory resolution therapies for atherosclerotic CAD has become a major focus. Future Directions: This review seeks to provide an update of the latest evidence of all three of these highly related but disparate areas of inquiry: Our current understanding of the key mechanisms by which inflammation contributes to coronary artery atherosclerosis, the evidence for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery inflammation, and finally, the evidence for targeted therapies to treat coronary inflammation for the reduction of CAD risk. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1217-1243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W West
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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145
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Zhang X, Qin Y, Ruan W, Wan X, Lv C, He L, Lu L, Guo X. Targeting inflammation-associated AMPK//Mfn-2/MAPKs signaling pathways by baicalein exerts anti-atherosclerotic action. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4442-4455. [PMID: 34008261 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses in macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells play crucial roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Baicalein, a flavonoid phytochemical, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, but the underlying mechanisms of its action are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether baicalein inhibited inflammatory activities in RAW264.7, HUVEC, and MOVAS cells and to analyze its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that baicalein treatment effectively reduced the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1, and MMP-9 released by these cells upon stimulation with Ang II or ox-LDL. We discovered that the molecular mechanisms underlying baicalein suppression of the generation of proinflammatory cytokines were associated with the inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB pathway activity. Moreover, Ang II and ox-LDL intervention decreased the content of Mfn-2 in the three types of cells, but incubation of baicalein alleviated the Ang II/ox-LDL-induced reduction of Mfn-2 levels. Adv-Mfn2 treatment not only increased the expression of Mfn-2 but also reduced the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and NF-κB, followed by a decrease in the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1, and MMP-9 in the supernatant. Furthermore, our findings indicated that baicalein treatment markedly suppressed the decrease in AMPK activity induced with Ang II and ox-LDL, and incubation with Compound C reversed the effects of baicalein on AMPK activation and Mfn-2 expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that baicalein shows anti-inflammatory properties, probably by activating the AMPK/Mfn-2 axis, accompanied by inhibition of downstream MAPKs/NF-κB signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yating Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibin Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoning Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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146
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Roth CL, Molica F, Kwak BR. Browning of White Adipose Tissue as a Therapeutic Tool in the Fight against Atherosclerosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:319. [PMID: 34069148 PMCID: PMC8156962 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous medical advances, atherosclerosis remains the prime cause of mortality worldwide. Emerging findings on brown and beige adipocytes highlighted that these fat cells share the specific ability of non-shivering thermogenesis due to the expression of uncoupling protein 1. Brown fat is established during embryogenesis, and beige cells emerge from white adipose tissue exposed to specific stimuli like cold exposure into a process called browning. The consecutive energy expenditure of both thermogenic adipose tissues has shown therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes. The latest data suggest promising effects on atherosclerosis development as well. Upon cold exposure, mice and humans have a physiological increase in brown adipose tissue activation and browning of white adipocytes is promoted. The use of drugs like β3-adrenergic agonists in murine models induces similar effects. With respect to atheroprotection, thermogenic adipose tissue activation has beneficial outcomes in mice by decreasing plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, by increasing high-density lipoproteins, and by inducing secretion of atheroprotective adipokines. Atheroprotective effects involve an unaffected hepatic clearance. Latest clinical data tend to find thinner atherosclerotic lesions in patients with higher brown adipose tissue activity. Strategies for preserving healthy arteries are a major concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (C.L.R.); (B.R.K.)
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147
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Fragoulis GE, Soulaidopoulos S, Sfikakis PP, Dimitroulas T, D Kitas G. Effect of Biologics on Cardiovascular Inflammation: Mechanistic Insights and Risk Reduction. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1915-1931. [PMID: 34017189 PMCID: PMC8131071 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that atherosclerosis and consequently cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely linked with inflammatory processes. The latter is in the center of the pathogenic mechanism underlying autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD). It follows then, that optimal control of inflammation in ARDs may lead to a decrease of the accompanied CVD risk. Major trials (eg, CANTOS, CIRT), aimed at examining the possible benefits of immunomodulatory treatments in CVD, demonstrated conflicting results. On the other hand, substantial evidence is accumulating about the possible beneficial effects of biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with ARDs, particularly those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It seems that bDMARDs (some more than others) alter the lipid profile in RA patients but do not adversely affect, in most cases, the TC/HDL ratio. Favorable effects are noted for arterial stiffness and endothelial function. This is reflected in the lower risk for CVD events, seen in observational studies of RA patients treated with bDMARDs. It should be stressed that more data exist for the TNF-inhibitors than for other bDMARDs, such as tocilizumab, abatacept and rituximab. As regards the spondyloarthropathies (SpA), data are less robust. For TNF-inhibitors, effects appear to be on par with those seen in RA but no conclusions can be drawn for newer biologic drugs used in SpA (eg, IL-17 blockers). Finally, there is accumulating evidence for a beneficial effect of immunosuppressive treatment in cardiac inflammation and function in several ARDs. Introduction of newer therapeutic options in clinical practice seem to have a positive impact on CVD in the setting of ARD. This is probably due to better control of inflammation, but direct improvement in vascular pathology is also a valid hypothesis. Most data are derived from observational studies and, therefore, randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the possible favorable effect of bDMARDs on CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Fragoulis
- Rheumatology Unit, Joint Rheumatology Program, Medical School, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Laiko" General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- Rheumatology Unit, Joint Rheumatology Program, Medical School, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Laiko" General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Theodoros Dimitroulas
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 41, Greece
| | - George D Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS FT, Dudley, DY1 2HQ, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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148
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Liberale L, Montecucco F, Tardif JC, Libby P, Camici GG. Inflamm-ageing: the role of inflammation in age-dependent cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2974-2982. [PMID: 32006431 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing worldwide increase in life expectancy portends a rising prevalence of age-related cardiovascular (CV) diseases in the coming decades that demands a deeper understanding of their molecular mechanisms. Inflammation has recently emerged as an important contributor for CV disease development. Indeed, a state of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation characterizes older organisms (also known as inflamm-ageing) and participates pivotally in the development of frailty, disability, and most chronic degenerative diseases including age-related CV and cerebrovascular afflictions. Due to chronic activation of inflammasomes and to reduced endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms, inflamm-ageing contributes to the activation of leucocytes, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells, thus accelerating vascular ageing and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, inflamm-ageing promotes the development of catastrophic athero-thrombotic complications by enhancing platelet reactivity and predisposing to plaque rupture and erosion. Thus, inflamm-ageing and its contributors or molecular mediators might furnish targets for novel therapeutic strategies that could promote healthy ageing and conserve resources for health care systems worldwide. Here, we discuss recent findings in the pathophysiology of inflamm-ageing, the impact of these processes on the development of age-related CV diseases, results from clinical trials targeting its components and the potential implementation of these advances into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, v.le Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, v.le Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montreal, Rue Bélanger 5000, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Francis Street 75, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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149
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Shen M, Li H, Yao S, Wu X, Liu S, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Du J, Qi S, Li Y. Shear stress and ROS-responsive biomimetic micelles for atherosclerosis via ROS consumption. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112164. [PMID: 34082967 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-known important initiating factors required for atherosclerosis formation, which leads to endothelial dysfunction and plaque formation. Most of the existing antithrombotic therapies use ROS-responsive drug delivery systems, which have a certain therapeutic effect but cannot eliminate excess ROS. Therefore, the atherosclerosis cannot be treated from the source. Moreover, nanoparticles are easily cleared by the immune system during blood circulation, which is not conducive to long-term circulation. In this study, we developed an intelligent response system that could simultaneously respond to ROS and the shear stress microenvironment of atherosclerotic plaques. This system was formed by red blood cells (RBCs) and simvastatin-loaded micelles (SV MC). The micelles consisted of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-polypropylene sulfide (PGED-PPS). The hydrophobic PPS could react with excess ROS to become hydrophilic, which forced the micelle rupture, resulting in drug release. Most importantly, PPS could also significantly deplete the ROS level, realizing the synergistic treatment of atherosclerosis with drugs and materials. The positively charged SV MC and negatively charged RBCs were self-assembled through electrostatic adsorption to obtain SV MC@RBCs. The SV MC@RBCs could respond to the high shear stress at the atherosclerotic plaque, and the shear stress induced SV MC desorption from the RBC surface. Using biomimetic methods to evade the SV MC@RBCs elimination by the immune system and to reduce the ROS plays a vital role in improving atherosclerosis treatment. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SV MC@RBCs could effectively treat atherosclerosis. Moreover, not only does the SV MC@RBCs system avoid the risk of bleeding, but it also has excellent in vivo safety. The study results indicate that the SV MC@RBCs system is a promising therapeutic nanomedicine for treating ROS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Shen
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongli Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shunyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qingbiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianshi Du
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Shaolong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Engineering Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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150
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Liu M, Yan M, Lv H, Wang B, Lv X, Zhang H, Xiang S, Du J, Liu T, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhou F, Cheng T, Zhu Y, Jiang H, Cao Y, Ai D. Macrophage K63-Linked Ubiquitination of YAP Promotes Its Nuclear Localization and Exacerbates Atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107990. [PMID: 32755583 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway has pivotal roles in innate immune responses against pathogens in macrophages. However, the role of YAP in macrophages during atherosclerosis and its mechanism of YAP activation remain unknown. Here, we find that YAP overexpression in myeloid cells aggravates atherosclerotic lesion size and infiltration of macrophages, whereas YAP deficiency reduces atherosclerotic plaque. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a downstream effector of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), triggers YAP ubiquitination at K252, which interrupts the interaction between YAP and angiomotin and results in enhanced YAP nuclear translocation. The recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation, which is abrogated by YAP overexpression. YAP level is increased in human and mouse atherosclerotic vessels, and plasma IL-1β level in patients with STEMI is correlated with YAP protein level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These findings elucidate a mechanism of YAP activation, which might be a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huizhen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Biqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Lv
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Song Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ding Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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