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Cumulative lifetime stress exposure and leukocyte telomere length attrition: The unique role of stressor duration and exposure timing. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 104:210-218. [PMID: 30884304 PMCID: PMC6518420 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress exposure occurring across the lifespan increases risk for disease, potentially involving telomere length shortening. Stress exposure during childhood and adulthood has been cross-sectionally linked with shorter telomere length. However, few longitudinal studies have examined telomere length attrition over time, and none have investigated how stressor duration (acute life events vs. chronic difficulties), timing (childhood vs. adulthood), and perceived severity may be uniquely related to telomere length shortening. METHODS To address these issues, we administered a standardized instrument for assessing cumulative lifetime stress exposure (Stress and Adversity Inventory; STRAIN) to 175 mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder or neurotypical children and measured their leukocyte telomere length (LTL) at baseline and 2 years later. RESULTS Greater count of lifetime stressors was associated with shorter LTL at baseline and greater LTL attrition over time. When separating lifetime stressors into acute life events and chronic difficulties, only greater count of chronic difficulties significantly predicted shorter baseline LTL and greater LTL attrition. Similarly, when examining timing of stressor exposure, only greater count of chronic childhood difficulties (age < 18) significantly predicted shorter baseline LTL and greater LTL attrition over the 2-year period in mid-life. Importantly, these results were robust while controlling for stressors occurring during the interim 2-year period. Post-hoc analyses suggested that chronic difficulties occurring during earlier childhood (0-12 years) were associated with greater LTL attrition. Cumulative stressor severity predicted LTL attrition in a parallel manner, but was less consistently associated with baseline LTL. CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to examine the effects of different aspects of cumulative lifetime stress exposure on LTL attrition over time, suggesting that accumulated chronic difficulties during childhood may play a unique role in shaping telomere shortening in midlife.
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Bürgin D, O'Donovan A, d'Huart D, di Gallo A, Eckert A, Fegert J, Schmeck K, Schmid M, Boonmann C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Telomere Length a Look Into the Heterogeneity of Findings-A Narrative Review. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:490. [PMID: 31191214 PMCID: PMC6541108 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poor mental and somatic health. Accumulating evidence indicates that accelerated biological aging-indexed by altered telomere-related markers-may contribute to associations between ACEs and negative long-term health outcomes. Telomeres are repeated, non-coding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences at the end of chromosomes. Telomeres shorten during repeated cell divisions over time and are being used as a marker of biological aging. Objectives: The aim of the current paper is to review the literature on the relationship between ACEs and telomere length (TL), with a specific focus on how the heterogeneity of sample and ACEs characteristics lead to varying associations between ACEs and TL. Methods: Multiple databases were searched for relevant English peer-reviewed articles. Thirty-eight papers were found to be eligible for inclusion in the current review. Results: Overall, the studies indicated a negative association between ACEs and TL, although many papers presented mixed findings and about a quarter of eligible studies found no association. Studies with smaller sample sizes more often reported significant associations than studies with larger samples. Also, studies reporting on non-clinical and younger samples more often found associations between ACEs and TL compared to studies with clinical and older samples. Reviewing the included studies based on the "Stressor Exposure Characteristics" recently proposed by Epel et al. (2018) revealed a lack of detailed information regarding ACEs characteristics in many studies. Conclusion: Overall, it is difficult to achieve firm conclusions about associations of ACEs with TL due to the heterogeneity of study and ACE characteristics and the heterogeneity in reported findings. The field would benefit from more detailed descriptions of study samples and measurement of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bürgin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aoife O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Delfine d'Huart
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alain di Gallo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiological Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Fegert
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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103
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Huang Y, Yim OS, Lai PS, Yu R, Chew SH, Gwee X, Nyunt MSZ, Gao Q, Ng TP, Ebstein RP, Gouin JP. Successful aging, cognitive function, socioeconomic status, and leukocyte telomere length. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 103:180-187. [PMID: 30708136 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a rapidly greying world, the notion that some individuals maintain successful aging trajectories, viz. high physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning in older age, is increasingly germane. Biomarkers of such successful aging are increasingly sought. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL), an emerging yardstick of cellular aging that is influenced by but distinct from chronological age, may also be associated to successful aging. Furthermore, given that socio-economic status (SES) influences successful aging trajectories, socioeconomic status may also moderate the association between chronological age and LTL. The goals of this study are to examine 1) whether successful aging is associated with LTL; 2) whether successful aging accounts for age-related LTL and 3) whether SES moderates the effect of age on LTL. Singaporean Chinese (n = 353) aged 65-80 completed a multidimensional assessment of successful aging and provided blood samples for LTL analysis. Results show that LTL negatively correlates with chronological age and positively correlates with successful aging. Successful aging mediates the association between chronological age and LTL. Moderated mediation analyses show that lower SES is associated with stronger negative associations of chronological age with successful aging and LTL. Moreover, the cognitive functioning dimension of successful aging is uniquely associated with LTL and its association with chronological age is moderated by SES. This study provides evidence that among older Singaporean Chinese with lower SES, declines in successful aging and in cognitive functioning are linked to age-related LTL shortening and hence to accelerated aging at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Onn Siong Yim
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Gwee
- Gerontological Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontological Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Gao
- Gerontological Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontological Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance, South Western University Finance Economics, (SWUFE), Chengdu, China.
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104
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Smith L, Luchini C, Demurtas J, Soysal P, Stubbs B, Hamer M, Nottegar A, Lawlor RT, Lopez-Sanchez GF, Firth J, Koyanagi A, Roberts J, Willeit P, Waldhoer T, Loosemore M, Abbs AD, Johnstone J, Yang L, Veronese N. Telomere length and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 30776454 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to map and grade evidence for the relationships between telomere length with a diverse range of health outcomes, using an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. We searched for meta-analyses of observational studies reporting on the association of telomere length with any health outcome (clinical disease outcomes and intermediate traits). For each association, random-effects summary effect size, 95% confidence interval (CI), and 95% prediction interval were calculated. To evaluate the credibility of the identified evidence, we assessed also heterogeneity, evidence for small-study effect and evidence for excess significance bias. Twenty-one relevant meta-analyses were identified reporting on 50 different outcomes. The level of evidence was high only for the association of short telomeres with higher risk of gastric cancer in the general population (relative risk, RR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.68-2.26), and moderate for the association of shorter telomeres with diabetes or with Alzheimer's disease, even if limited to meta-analyses of case-control studies. There was weak evidence for twenty outcomes and not significant association for 27 health outcomes. The present umbrella review demonstrates that shorter telomere length may have an important role in incidence gastric cancer and, probably, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. At the same time, conversely to general assumptions, it does not find strong evidence supporting the notion that shorter telomere length plays an important role in many health outcomes that have been studied thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Geriatric Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- School Sport Exercise Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alessia Nottegar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pathology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Research Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin Roberts
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mike Loosemore
- University College London, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, UK
| | | | - James Johnstone
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy.
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105
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Zhang L, Hu XZ, Russell DW, Benedek DM, Fullerton CS, Naifeh JA, Li X, Chen Z, Wu H, Ng THH, Aliaga P, Kao TC, Yu T, Dohl J, Wynn G, Ursano RJ. Association between leukocyte telomere length and hostility in US army service members. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:24-29. [PMID: 31039427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hostility is a common form of emotionally charged anger which can lead to maladaptive and unhealthy behaviors. Significant association between shortened telomeres and greater levels of hostility has been observed in civilian populations, but has not yet been comprehensively studied in military populations. Our study investigates the relationship between hostility, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a sample of United States Army Special Operations personnel (n = 474) who deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan as part of combat operations. Hostility was measured with five items from the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). PTSD was determined using the PTSD Checklist (PCL) total score. The LTL was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods and regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of hostility and telomere length. PTSD subjects reported higher hostility scores compared with those without PTSD. Among the participants with PTSD, those with medium or high level of hostility had shorter LTL than those with low level hostility (P < 0.01). Stepwise regression indicated that hostility level and age, but not gender and PTSD, were negatively correlated with LTL. Univariate regression showed that total hostility score was negatively associated with LTL (CI= -0.06 to -0.002, Beta= -0.095, p < 0.039) as well as a significant correlation between LTL and hostility impulses (HI) (CI= -0.108 to -0.009, Beta= -0.106, p < 0.021) and hostility controlling (HC) (CI= -0.071 to -0.002, Beta= -0.095, p < 0.004). Multiple regression analyses revealed that, while HC has no significant association with LTL, HI was still negatively correlated with LTL (p = 0.021). Our data indicates that LTL is associated with HI levels. Prevention and treatment efforts designed to reduce hostility may help mitigate risk for LTL shortening, a process of cellular aging, and thus slow accelerated aged-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA.
| | - Xian-Zhang Hu
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Dale W Russell
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - David M Benedek
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Carol S Fullerton
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - James A Naifeh
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Ze Chen
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Tsz Hin H Ng
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Pablo Aliaga
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Tzu-Cheg Kao
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, USUHS, USA
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jacob Dohl
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gary Wynn
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, USA
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106
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Wolf EJ, Logue MW, Morrison FG, Wilcox ES, Stone A, Schichman SA, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Miller MW. Posttraumatic psychopathology and the pace of the epigenetic clock: a longitudinal investigation. Psychol Med 2019; 49:791-800. [PMID: 29897034 PMCID: PMC6292741 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stress/trauma exposure are cross-sectionally associated with advanced DNA methylation age relative to chronological age. However, longitudinal inquiry and examination of associations between advanced DNA methylation age and a broader range of psychiatric disorders is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine if PTSD, depression, generalized anxiety, and alcohol-use disorders predicted acceleration of DNA methylation age over time (i.e. an increasing pace, or rate of advancement, of the epigenetic clock). METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation and a comprehensive set of psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses were assessed in 179 Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans who completed two assessments over the course of approximately 2 years. Two DNA methylation age indices (Horvath and Hannum), each a weighted index of an array of genome-wide DNA methylation probes, were quantified. The pace of the epigenetic clock was operationalized as change in DNA methylation age as a function of time between assessments. RESULTS Analyses revealed that alcohol-use disorders (p = 0.001) and PTSD avoidance and numbing symptoms (p = 0.02) at Time 1 were associated with an increasing pace of the epigenetic clock over time, per the Horvath (but not the Hannum) index of cellular aging. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to suggest that posttraumatic psychopathology is longitudinally associated with a quickened pace of the epigenetic clock. Results raise the possibility that accelerated cellular aging is a common biological consequence of stress-related psychopathology, which carries implications for identifying mechanisms of stress-related cellular aging and developing interventions to slow its pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J. Wolf
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Filomene G. Morrison
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | | | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central
Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
| | - Steven A. Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central
Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
| | - Regina E. McGlinchey
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational
Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - William P. Milberg
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational
Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
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107
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Verhoeven JE, Penninx BWJH, Milaneschi Y. Unraveling the association between depression and telomere length using genomics. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:121-127. [PMID: 30544003 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While there is robust evidence for a cross-sectional association between depression and shorter telomere length, suggestive of advanced biological aging, the nature of this association remains unclear. Here, we tested whether both traits share a common genetic liability with novel methods using genomics. METHODS Data were from 2032 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) with genome-wide genetic information and multiple waves of data on DSM-IV lifetime depression diagnosis, depression severity, neuroticism and telomere length. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for both traits were built using summary results from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on depression (59,851 cases and 113,154 controls) and telomere length (37,684 samples). Additionally, a PRS for neuroticism was built (337,000 samples). Genetic overlap between the traits was tested using PRS for same- and cross-trait associations. Furthermore, GWAS summary statistics were used to estimate the genome-wide genetic correlation between traits. RESULTS In NESDA data, the PRS for depression was associated with lifetime depression (odds ratio = 1.36; p = 6.49e-7) and depression severity level (β = 0.13; p = 1.24e-8), but not with telomere length. Similar results were found for the PRS for neuroticism. Conversely, the PRS for telomere length was associated with telomere length (β = 0.07; p = 8.42e-4) and 6-year telomere length attrition rate (β = 0.04; p = 2.15e-2), but not with depression variables. In summary-level analyses, the genetic correlation between the traits was small and not significant (rg=-0.08; p = .300). CONCLUSION The use of genetic methods in this paper indicated that the established phenotypic association between telomere length and depression is unlikely due to shared underlying genetic vulnerability. Our findings suggest that short telomeres in depressed patients may simply represent a generic marker of disease or may originate from non-genetic environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Insitute, the Netherlands.
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Insitute, the Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Insitute, the Netherlands
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108
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Drange OK, Smeland OB, Shadrin AA, Finseth PI, Witoelar A, Frei O, Wang Y, Hassani S, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Andreassen OA. Genetic Overlap Between Alzheimer's Disease and Bipolar Disorder Implicates the MARK2 and VAC14 Genes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:220. [PMID: 30930738 PMCID: PMC6425305 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and bipolar disorder (BIP) are complex traits influenced by numerous common genetic variants, most of which remain to be detected. Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggest that AD and BIP are related. However, it is not established if this relation is of genetic origin. Here, we applied statistical methods based on the conditional false discovery rate (FDR) framework to detect genetic overlap between AD and BIP and utilized this overlap to increase the power to identify common genetic variants associated with either or both traits. Methods: We obtained genome wide association studies data from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project part 1 (17,008 AD cases and 37,154 controls) and the Psychiatric Genetic Consortium Bipolar Disorder Working Group (20,352 BIP cases and 31,358 controls). We used conditional QQ-plots to assess overlap in common genetic variants between AD and BIP. We exploited the genetic overlap to re-rank test-statistics for AD and BIP and improve detection of genetic variants using the conditional FDR framework. Results: Conditional QQ-plots demonstrated a polygenic overlap between AD and BIP. Using conditional FDR, we identified one novel genomic locus associated with AD, and nine novel loci associated with BIP. Further, we identified two novel loci jointly associated with AD and BIP implicating the MARK2 gene (lead SNP rs10792421, conjunctional FDR = 0.030, same direction of effect) and the VAC14 gene (lead SNP rs11649476, conjunctional FDR = 0.022, opposite direction of effect). Conclusion: We found polygenic overlap between AD and BIP and identified novel loci for each trait and two jointly associated loci. Further studies should examine if the shared loci implicating the MARK2 and VAC14 genes could explain parts of the shared and distinct features of AD and BIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Research and Development, Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Bjerkehagen Smeland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A. Shadrin
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Ivar Finseth
- Department of Brøset, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aree Witoelar
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sahar Hassani
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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109
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The polygenic nature of telomere length and the anti-ageing properties of lithium. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:757-765. [PMID: 30559463 PMCID: PMC6372618 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length is a promising biomarker for age-related disease and a potential anti-ageing drug target. Here, we study the genetic architecture of telomere length and the repositioning potential of lithium as an anti-ageing medication. LD score regression applied to the largest telomere length genome-wide association study to-date, revealed SNP-chip heritability estimates of 7.29%, with polygenic risk scoring capturing 4.4% of the variance in telomere length in an independent cohort (p = 6.17 × 10-5). Gene-enrichment analysis identified 13 genes associated with telomere length, with the most significant being the leucine rich repeat gene, LRRC34 (p = 3.69 × 10-18). In the context of lithium, we confirm that chronic use in a sample of 384 bipolar disorder patients is associated with longer telomeres (p = 0.03). As complementary evidence, we studied three orthologs of telomere length regulators in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of lithium-induced extended longevity and found all transcripts to be affected post-treatment (p < 0.05). Lithium may therefore confer its anti-ageing effects by moderating the expression of genes responsible for normal telomere length regulation. This is supported by our bipolar disorder sample, which shows that polygenic risk scores explain a higher proportion of the variance in telomere length amongst chronic lifetime lithium users (variance explained = 8.9%, p = 0.01), compared to non-users (p > 0.05). Consequently, this suggests that lithium may be catalysing the activity of endogenous mechanisms that promote telomere lengthening, whereby its efficacy eventually becomes limited by each individual's inherent telomere maintenance capabilities. Our work indicates a potential use of polygenic risk scoring for the prediction of adult telomere length and consequently lithium's anti-ageing efficacy.
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Okazaki S, Otsuka I, Numata S, Horai T, Mouri K, Boku S, Ohmori T, Sora I, Hishimoto A. Epigenetic clock analysis of blood samples from Japanese schizophrenia patients. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2019; 5:4. [PMID: 30814520 PMCID: PMC6393510 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-019-0072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) has been proposed. DNA methylation profiles were developed for determining “epigenetic age.” Here, we assessed intrinsic and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA and EEAA, respectively) in SCZ. We examined two independent cohorts of Japanese ancestry. The first cohort consisted of 80 patients with SCZ under long-term or repeated hospitalization and 40 controls, with the economical DNA pooling technique. The second cohort consisted of 24 medication-free patients with SCZ and 23 controls. Blood of SCZ subjects exhibited decreased EEAA in the first cohort (p = 0.0162), but not in the second cohort. IEAA did not differ in either cohort. We performed replication analyses using publicly available datasets from European ancestry (three blood and one brain datasets). One blood dataset showed increased EEAA in SCZ (p = 0.0228). Overall, our results provide evidence for decreased EEAA in SCZ associated with hospitalization in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mouri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Biosignal Pathophysiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Medical Center for Student's Health Service, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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Anitha A, Thanseem I, Vasu MM, Viswambharan V, Poovathinal SA. Telomeres in neurological disorders. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 90:81-132. [PMID: 31122612 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ever since their discovery, the telomeres and the telomerase have been topics of intensive research, first as a mechanism of cellular aging and later as an indicator of health and diseases in humans. By protecting the chromosome ends, the telomeres play a vital role in preserving the information in our genome. Telomeres shorten with age and the rate of telomere erosion provides insight into the proliferation history of cells. The pace of telomere attrition is known to increase at the onset of several pathological conditions. Telomere shortening has been emerging as a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression. The rate of telomere attrition in the brain is slower than that of other tissues owing to the low rate of cell proliferation in brain. Telomere maintenance is crucial for the functioning of stem cells in brain. Taking together the studies on telomere attrition in various neurological disorders, an association between telomere shortening and disease status has been demonstrated in schizophrenia, AD and depression, in spite of a few negative reports. But, studies in ASD and PD have failed to produce conclusive results. The cause-effect relationship between TL and neurological disorders is yet to be elucidated. The factors responsible for telomere erosion, which have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, need to be explored in detail. Telomerase activation is now being considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Anitha
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India.
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Mundalil Vasu
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Vijitha Viswambharan
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh A Poovathinal
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Beatty Moody DL, Leibel DK, Darden TM, Ashe JJ, Waldstein SR, Katzel LI, Liu HB, Weng NP, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Interpersonal-level discrimination indices, sociodemographic factors, and telomere length in African-Americans and Whites. Biol Psychol 2019; 141:1-9. [PMID: 30553820 PMCID: PMC6438165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have linked self-reported discrimination to telomere attrition, a biological marker of accelerated cellular aging. However, it is unknown whether intersections between social categories-race, socioeconomic status (SES), sex, and age-influence the association of varying forms of discrimination with telomere length. We examined these associations in a socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse urban sample. METHODS Cross-sectional data were from 341 middle-aged (30-64 years) African American and White, community participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span Study (HANDLS). Multiple regression models examined up to 3-way interactions between a discrimination measure (i.e., everyday, racial, gender, lifetime burden, and frequency of discrimination across sources) and two social categories. RESULTS After adjusting for depressive symptoms, waist circumference, and lifetime substance use, two themes emerged: 1) among women with higher SES, a) greater lifetime discrimination burden (b = -0.23, p = .011), gender discrimination (b = -0.29, p = .040), and racial discrimination (b = -0.24, p = 0.023) and 2) among younger adults, irrespective of race and sex, greater frequency of discrimination across sources (b = 0.002, p = .008) was associated with shorter telomeres. CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of race, women with higher SES and younger adults reporting greater discrimination may be at particular risk for accelerated aging. Telomere attrition promotes and accelerates chronic health conditions for which there are health disparities. Future research explicating intersections among specific discrimination indices and social categories is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel K Leibel
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taylor M Darden
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason J Ashe
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hans B Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Squassina A, Pisanu C, Vanni R. Mood Disorders, Accelerated Aging, and Inflammation: Is the Link Hidden in Telomeres? Cells 2019; 8:cells8010052. [PMID: 30650526 PMCID: PMC6356466 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are associated with an increased risk of aging-related diseases, which greatly contribute to the excess morbidity and mortality observed in affected individuals. Clinical and molecular findings also suggest that mood disorders might be characterized by a permanent state of low-grade inflammation. At the cellular level, aging translates into telomeres shortening. Intriguingly, inflammation and telomere shortening show a bidirectional association: a pro-inflammatory state seems to contribute to aging and telomere dysfunction, and telomere attrition is able to induce low-grade inflammation. Several independent studies have reported shorter telomere length and increased levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in mood disorders, suggesting a complex interplay between altered inflammatory–immune responses and telomere dynamics in the etiopathogenesis of these disorders. In this review, we critically discuss studies investigating the role of telomere attrition and inflammation in the pathogenesis and course of mood disorders, and in pharmacological treatments with psychotropic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2E2, Canada.
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, 752 39 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Roberta Vanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato Cagliari, Italy.
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Tannous J, Mwangi B, Hasan KM, Narayana PA, Steinberg JL, Walss-Bass C, Moeller FG, Schmitz JM, Lane SD. Measures of possible allostatic load in comorbid cocaine and alcohol use disorder: Brain white matter integrity, telomere length, and anti-saccade performance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0199729. [PMID: 30625144 PMCID: PMC6326479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment. The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white matter (WM), telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained. WM (CUD/AUD only) was indexed by diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including radial diffusivity (RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Telomere length was indexed by the telomere to single copy gene (T/S) ratio. Impulsivity and attentional bias to drug cues were measured via eye-tracking, and were also modeled using the Hierarchical Diffusion Drift Model (HDDM). Average whole-brain RD and FA were associated with years of cocaine use (R2 = 0.56 and 0.51, both p < .005) but not years of alcohol use. CUD/AUD subjects showed more anti-saccade errors (p < .01), greater attentional bias scores (p < .001), and higher HDDM drift rates on cocaine-cue trials (Bayesian probability CUD/AUD > control = p > 0.99). Telomere length was shorter in CUD/AUD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Within the CUD/AUD group, exploratory regression using an elastic-net model determined that more years of cocaine use, older age, larger HDDM drift rate differences and shorter telomere length were all predictive of WM as measured by RD (model R2 = 0.79). Collectively, the results provide modest support linking CUD/AUD to putative markers of allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonika Tannous
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Khader M. Hasan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ponnada A. Narayana
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joel L. Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - F. Gerard Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Lane
- Program in Neuroscience, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Brain age and other bodily 'ages': implications for neuropsychiatry. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:266-281. [PMID: 29892055 PMCID: PMC6344374 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As our brains age, we tend to experience cognitive decline and are at greater risk of neurodegenerative disease and dementia. Symptoms of chronic neuropsychiatric diseases are also exacerbated during ageing. However, the ageing process does not affect people uniformly; nor, in fact, does the ageing process appear to be uniform even within an individual. Here, we outline recent neuroimaging research into brain ageing and the use of other bodily ageing biomarkers, including telomere length, the epigenetic clock, and grip strength. Some of these techniques, using statistical approaches, have the ability to predict chronological age in healthy people. Moreover, they are now being applied to neurological and psychiatric disease groups to provide insights into how these diseases interact with the ageing process and to deliver individualised predictions about future brain and body health. We discuss the importance of integrating different types of biological measurements, from both the brain and the rest of the body, to build more comprehensive models of the biological ageing process. Finally, we propose seven steps for the field of brain-ageing research to take in coming years. This will help us reach the long-term goal of developing clinically applicable statistical models of biological processes to measure, track and predict brain and body health in ageing and disease.
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117
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Mustafin RN, Enikeeva RF, Davydova YD, Khusnutdinova EK. The Role of Epigenetic Factors in the Development of Depressive Disorders. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418120104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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118
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Huang YC, Wang LJ, Tseng PT, Hung CF, Lin PY. Leukocyte telomere length in patients with bipolar disorder: An updated meta-analysis and subgroup analysis by mood status. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:41-49. [PMID: 30243131 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to compare leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a proposed marker for cell aging, between patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls and explore potential moderators for the LTL difference. We searched for the major research databases up to May 2018 for studies that examined LTL in patients with BD and healthy controls. The effect sizes (ESs) of LTL differences from the included studies were pooled using a random-effects model. Furthermore, we adopted subgroup analysis to investigate whether mood status of BD patients or methods for measuring telomere length may influence such differences. We included 10 studies, with a total of 579 patients and 551 controls, in the current meta-analysis and observed significantly shorter LTL in BD patients compared to control subjects. Such differences were found in studies with patients in all mood statuses and in studies using different methods for measuring telomere length. Late-stage BD patients demonstrated more significant LTL shortening than early-stage BD patients. Our current results support the hypothesis of accelerated aging in BD patients. In the future, further properly controlled longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether LTL changes with disease status or medication use in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- WinShine Clinics in Specialty of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fa Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Xavier G, Spindola LM, Ota VK, Carvalho CM, Maurya PK, Tempaku PF, Moretti PN, Mazotti DR, Sato JR, Brietzke E, Miguel EC, Grassi-Oliveira R, Mari J, Bressan RA, Gadelha A, Pan PM, Belangero SI. Effect of male-specific childhood trauma on telomere length. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 107:104-109. [PMID: 30384090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment (CM) is a global issue with serious lifelong consequences. In fact, maltreatment during childhood might be an important risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, previous studies showed a strong relationship between telomere length (TL) and early life stress. Considering that only a few studies have evaluated this relationship in children and that even fewer considered the sex as a possible moderator, we investigated whether TL in the blood of both children and adolescents was associated with psychopathology and with a history of CM, and whether these associations were moderated by the sex. In this cross-sectional study, 561 individuals (ranging between 6 and 14 years of age) from a large prospective community school-based study, i.e., the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort (HRC), were evaluated. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) score was used to assess psychopathology, whereas a latent variable encompassing some questions about history of adverse environment and trauma was employed to determine the CM history. TL was measured in blood cells using a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, TL was inserted in two moderation models, in which the CBCL score/CM, TL and sex were the independent variables, the outcome, and the moderator variable, respectively. Although an association between psychiatric symptoms and TL was not observed, a relation between CM and TL moderated by the sex was seen, indicating that males with higher CM scores presented with shorter telomeres than did females. Our results suggest that child maltreatment could influence telomere length in both children and adolescents and that this effect is mediated by the sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Xavier
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Letícia M Spindola
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa K Ota
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Carvalho
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | | | - Patricia N Moretti
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Morphology, Universidade de Brasília (UNB) Brasília, Brazil
| | - Diego R Mazotti
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Post-Graduation Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, PUCRS, Brazil
| | - Jair Mari
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil.
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Solana C, Pereira D, Tarazona R. Early Senescence and Leukocyte Telomere Shortening in SCHIZOPHRENIA: A Role for Cytomegalovirus Infection? Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8100188. [PMID: 30340343 PMCID: PMC6210638 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder characterized by delusions and hallucinations. Several evidences support the link of schizophrenia with accelerated telomeres shortening and accelerated aging. Thus, schizophrenia patients show higher mortality compared to age-matched healthy donors. The etiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Telomere erosion has been shown to be accelerated by different factors including environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and chronic alcohol consumption or by psychosocial stress such as childhood maltreatment. In humans, telomere studies have mainly relied on measurements of leukocyte telomere length and it is generally accepted that individuals with short leukocyte telomere length are considered biologically older than those with longer ones. A dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems has been described in schizophrenia patients and other mental diseases supporting the contribution of the immune system to disease symptoms. Thus, it has been suggested that abnormal immune activation with high pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to still undefined environmental agents such as herpesviruses infections can be involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It has been proposed that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the course of schizophrenia illness, early onset of cardiovascular disease, accelerated aging, and premature mortality in schizophrenia. Prenatal or neonatal exposures to neurotropic pathogens such as Cytomegalovirus or Toxoplasma gondii have been proposed as environmental risk factors for schizophrenia in individuals with a risk genetic background. Thus, pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation, together with genetic vulnerability, are considered etiological factors for schizophrenia, and support that inflammation status is involved in the course of illness in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corona Solana
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, 1700-063 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diana Pereira
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiatrico de Lisboa, 1700-063 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
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Verhoeven JE, Yang R, Wolkowitz OM, Bersani FS, Lindqvist D, Mellon SH, Yehuda R, Flory JD, Lin J, Abu-Amara D, Makotkine I, Marmar C, Jett M, Hammamieh R. Epigenetic Age in Male Combat-Exposed War Veterans: Associations with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Status. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:90-99. [PMID: 30397597 PMCID: PMC6206951 DOI: 10.1159/000491431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation patterns change with age and can be used to derive an estimate of "epigenetic age," an indicator of biological age. Several studies have shown associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with worse somatic health and early mortality, raising the possibility of accelerated biological aging. This study examined associations between estimated epigenetic age and various variables in 160 male combat-exposed war veterans with (n = 79) and without PTSD (n = 81). DNA methylation was assessed in leukocyte genomic DNA using the Illumina 450K DNA methylation arrays. Epigenetic age was estimated using Horvath's epigenetic clock algorithm and Δage (epigenetic age-chronological age) was calculated. In veterans with PTSD (Δage = 3.2), Δage was on average lower compared to those without PTSD (Δage = 5.0; p = 0.02; Cohen's d = 0.42). This between-group difference was not explained by race/ethnicity, lifestyle factors or childhood trauma. Antidepressant use, however, explained part of the association. In the PTSD positive group, telomerase activity was negatively related to Δage (β = -0.35; p = 0.007). In conclusion, veterans with PTSD had significantly lower epigenetic age profiles than those without PTSD. Further, current antidepressant use and higher telomerase activity were related to relatively less epigenetic aging in veterans with PTSD, speculative of a mechanistic pathway that might attenuate biological aging-related processes in the context of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E. Verhoeven
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruoting Yang
- D, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Integrative Systems Biology, U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Francesco S. Bersani
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Synthia H. Mellon
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center Bronx, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Janine D. Flory
- James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center Bronx, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center Bronx, New York, New York, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Marmar
- Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
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Mason AE, Hecht FM, Daubenmier JJ, Sbarra DA, Lin J, Moran PJ, Schleicher SG, Acree M, Prather AA, Epel ES. Weight Loss Maintenance and Cellular Aging in the Supporting Health Through Nutrition and Exercise Study. Psychosom Med 2018; 80:609-619. [PMID: 29901486 PMCID: PMC6113109 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine, within a weight loss clinical trial for obesity, the impact of intervention arm, weight change, and weight loss maintenance on telomere length (TL). METHODS Adults (N = 194) with a body mass index between 30 and 45 were randomized to a 5.5-month weight loss program with (n = 100) or without (n = 94) mindfulness training and identical diet-exercise guidelines. We assessed TL at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month postbaseline in immune cell populations (primarily in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs], but also in granulocytes and T and B lymphocytes). We defined weight loss maintenance as having lost at least 5% or 10% of body weight (tested in separate models) from preintervention to postintervention, and having maintained this loss at 12 months. We predicted that greater weight loss and weight loss maintenance would be associated with TL lengthening. RESULTS Neither weight loss intervention significantly predicted TL change nor did amount of weight change, at any time point. Across all participants, weight loss maintenance of at least 10% was associated with longer PBMC TL (b = 239.08, 95% CI = 0.92 to 477.25, p = .049), CD8+ TL (b = 417.26, 95% CI = 58.95 to 775.57, p = .023), and longer granulocyte TL (b = 191.56, 95% CI = -4.23 to 387.35, p = .055) at 12 months after accounting for baseline TL. Weight loss maintenance of 5% or more was associated with longer PBMC TL (b = 163.32, 95% CI = 4.00 to 320.62, p = .045) at 12 months after accounting for baseline TL. These tests should be interpreted in light of corrections for multiple tests. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with obesity, losing and maintaining a weight loss of 10% or more may lead to TL lengthening, which may portend improved immune and metabolic function. TL lengthening in this study is of unknown duration beyond 12 months and requires further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.govidentifierNCT00960414; Open Science Framework (OSF) preregistration: https://osf.io/t3r2g/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Mason
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer J. Daubenmier
- SF State University, Department of Health Education, Institute of Holistic Health Studies
| | - David A. Sbarra
- The University of Arizona, Department of Psychology, AZ, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- UCSF Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Samantha G. Schleicher
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Acree
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aric A. Prather
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- UCSF Department of Psychiatry, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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123
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Riley G, Perrin M, Vaez-Azizi LM, Ruby E, Goetz RR, Dracxler R, Walsh-Messinger J, Keefe DL, Buckley PF, Szeszko PR, Malaspina D. Telomere length and early trauma in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:426-430. [PMID: 29618413 PMCID: PMC8787687 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is emerging as a risk factor for schizophrenia, but its mechanism with respect to etiology is unknown. One possible pathway is through leucocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening, a measure of cellular aging associated with trauma. This study examined early trauma and LTL shortening in schizophrenia and considered sex effects. METHODS The early trauma inventory (ETI) was administered to 48 adults with DSM-5 schizophrenia and 18 comparison participants. LTL was measured using qPCR. OUTCOMES Cases had significantly more global trauma (F=4.10, p<0.01) and traumatic events (F=11.23, p<0.001), but case and control groups had similar LTL (1.91±0.74 and 1.83±0.62: p=0.68). The association of early trauma and LTL differed by sex in cases and controls (Fisher's R: Z<0.05). Significant negative associations were shown in male cases and, conversely, in female controls. For example, physical punishment was associated LTL shortening in males' cases (r=-0.429, p<01). Only female controls showed significant telomere shortening in association with early trauma. INTERPRETATION This data confirms the substantial excess of early trauma among schizophrenia cases. There were significant sex-differences in the relationship of the trauma to LTL, with only male cases showing the expected shortening. There were converse sex effects in the control group. Mean LTL was notably similar in cases and controls, despite the trauma-related shortening in male cases, cigarette smoking, older age and chronic illness of the cases. Factors may lengthen LTL in some schizophrenia cases. The converse sex differences in the cases are consistent with findings defective sexual differentiation in schizophrenia, consistent with other findings in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Riley
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 1 Park Avenue, 8th Floor Room 222, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mary Perrin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 1 Park Avenue, 8th Floor Room 222, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Leila M. Vaez-Azizi
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 1 Park Avenue, 8th Floor Room 222, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Eugene Ruby
- Department of Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Raymond R. Goetz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute at Columbia University, Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Roberta Dracxler
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, 1 Park Avenue, 8th Floor Room 222, New York, NY 10016, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julie Walsh-Messinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - David L. Keefe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter F. Buckley
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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124
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Zhang Y, Hishimoto A, Otsuka I, Watanabe Y, Numata S, Yamamori H, Boku S, Horai T, Someya T, Ohmori T, Hashimoto R, Sora I. Longer telomeres in elderly schizophrenia are associated with long-term hospitalization in the Japanese population. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:161-166. [PMID: 29870917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several previous studies have investigated an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, results have been largely inconsistent, partially due to the relatively small sample sizes in each study and heterogeneity caused by various uncontrolled confounders (e.g., duration of illness or hospitalization, lifetime antipsychotic dose, and LTL assay methods). Here, we investigate the association of LTL with SCZ with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in independent cohorts consisting of 1241 patients with SCZ and 1042 controls (the largest independent sample in this field). Furthermore, we examined whether duration of hospitalization and lifetime antipsychotic dose had an effect on LTL in SCZ. In all samples, we observed significantly longer LTL in patients with SCZ relative to controls. In subgroup analyses, we observed that longer telomeres in SCZ were only visible in elderly patients and not in patients under 50 years old. Moreover, significantly longer LTL in elderly patients with SCZ was only specific to those with long-term hospitalization, but not outpatients or those with short-term hospitalization. This may be because the former received more appropriate lifestyle management. Meanwhile, lifetime antipsychotic dose had no effect on LTL. Our findings suggest that consideration of the effect of age and duration of hospitalization on LTL may improve our understanding of controversial results obtained in previous studies of telomeres in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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125
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Pepper GV, Bateson M, Nettle D. Telomeres as integrative markers of exposure to stress and adversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 30225068 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1189538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres have been proposed as a biomarker that integrates the impacts of different kinds of stress and adversity into a common currency. There has as yet been no overall comparison of how different classes of exposure associate with telomeres. We present a meta-analysis of the literature relating telomere measures to stresses and adversities in humans. The analysed dataset contained 543 associations from 138 studies involving 402 116 people. Overall, there was a weak association between telomere variables and exposures (greater adversity, shorter telomeres: r = -0.15, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.11). This was not driven by any one type of exposure, because significant associations were found separately for physical diseases, environmental hazards, nutrition, psychiatric illness, smoking, physical activity, psychosocial and socioeconomic exposures. Methodological features of the studies did not explain any substantial proportion of the heterogeneity in association strength. There was, however, evidence consistent with publication bias, with unexpectedly strong negative associations reported by studies with small samples. Restricting analysis to sample sizes greater than 100 attenuated the overall association substantially (r = -0.09, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.05). Most studies were underpowered to detect the typical association magnitude. The literature is dominated by cross-sectional and correlational studies which makes causal interpretation problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian V Pepper
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Melissa Bateson
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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126
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Pepper GV, Bateson M, Nettle D. Telomeres as integrative markers of exposure to stress and adversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180744. [PMID: 30225068 PMCID: PMC6124068 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres have been proposed as a biomarker that integrates the impacts of different kinds of stress and adversity into a common currency. There has as yet been no overall comparison of how different classes of exposure associate with telomeres. We present a meta-analysis of the literature relating telomere measures to stresses and adversities in humans. The analysed dataset contained 543 associations from 138 studies involving 402 116 people. Overall, there was a weak association between telomere variables and exposures (greater adversity, shorter telomeres: r = -0.15, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.11). This was not driven by any one type of exposure, because significant associations were found separately for physical diseases, environmental hazards, nutrition, psychiatric illness, smoking, physical activity, psychosocial and socioeconomic exposures. Methodological features of the studies did not explain any substantial proportion of the heterogeneity in association strength. There was, however, evidence consistent with publication bias, with unexpectedly strong negative associations reported by studies with small samples. Restricting analysis to sample sizes greater than 100 attenuated the overall association substantially (r = -0.09, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.05). Most studies were underpowered to detect the typical association magnitude. The literature is dominated by cross-sectional and correlational studies which makes causal interpretation problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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127
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Chang SC, Prescott J, De Vivo I, Kraft P, Okereke OI. Polygenic risk score of shorter telomere length and risk of depression and anxiety in women. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:182-188. [PMID: 29883926 PMCID: PMC6033543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have reported significant cross-sectional associations between depression or anxiety and shorter telomere lengths, but the temporality of associations is uncertain. Little is known regarding whether shorter telomere length is related to increased risk of developing depression or anxiety. In this study, using the genetic tool of polygenic risk score (PRS), we evaluated the association between genetic predisposition to shorter telomere length and the risks of lifetime clinically significant depression (defined by self-reported clinician/physician diagnosis, antidepressant use, and/or presence of severe depressive symptoms) and of clinically meaningful anxiety symptoms among 17,693 female participants of European ancestry. The weighted PRS of telomere lengths (TLs) combined the dosage of nine alleles that were significantly associated with inter-individual variation in TLs in published genome-wide association studies. Higher score of PRS, corresponding to shorter TL in the literature, was significantly associated with shorter relative TLs (p = 0.008). However, higher PRS was not associated with the lifetime risk of either depression or anxiety. Furthermore, higher PRS was not associated with long-term patterns of depressive symptom trajectories or specifically with later-life onset of depression or anxiety. In summary, this study did not observe a significant association between genetic predisposition to shorter telomere length and risk of depression and anxiety in a large sample of mid-life and older white women. However, these genetic variants jointly account for a limited proportion of interpersonal variation in leukocyte telomere length. Future studies will need to incorporate more genetic variants to improve the accuracy of predicted power, as such data become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chiao Chang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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128
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McKinney BC, Lin H, Ding Y, Lewis DA, Sweet RA. DNA methylation age is not accelerated in brain or blood of subjects with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 196:39-44. [PMID: 28988914 PMCID: PMC5886835 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multiple premature age-related phenotypes and die ~20years prematurely. The accelerated aging hypothesis of SZ has been advanced to explain these observations, it posits that SZ-associated factors accelerate the progressive biological changes associated with normal aging. Testing the hypothesis has been limited by the absence of robust, meaningful, and multi-tissue measures of biological age. Recently, a method was described in which DNA methylation (DNAm) levels at 353 genomic sites are used to produce "DNAm age", an estimate of biological age with advantages over existing measures. We used this method and 3 publicly-available DNAm datasets, 1 from brain and 2 from blood, to test the hypothesis. The brain dataset was composed of data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 232 non-psychiatric control (NPC) and 195 SZ subjects. Blood dataset #1 was composed of data from whole blood of 304 NPC and 332 SZ subjects, and blood dataset #2 was composed of data from whole blood of 405 NPC and 260 SZ subjects. DNAm age and chronological age correlated strongly (r=0.92-0.95, p<0.0001) in both NPC and SZ subjects in all 3 datasets. DNAm age acceleration did not differ between NPC and SZ subjects in the brain dataset (t=0.52, p=0.60), blood dataset #1 (t=1.51, p=0.13), or blood dataset #2 (t=0.93, p=0.35). Consistent with our previous findings from a smaller study of postmortem brains, our findings suggest there is no acceleration of brain or blood aging in SZ and, thus, do not support the accelerated aging hypothesis of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huang Lin
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biostatistics, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ying Ding
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biostatistics, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David A. Lewis
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA,University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh, PA,VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
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129
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Liu MY, Nemes A, Zhou QG. The Emerging Roles for Telomerase in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:160. [PMID: 29867352 PMCID: PMC5964194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, maintains telomere length at the 3′ end of chromosomes, and functions importantly in stem cells, cancer and aging. Telomerase exists in neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), at a high level in the developing and adult brains of humans and rodents. Increasing studies have demonstrated that telomerase in NSCs/NPCs plays important roles in cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, neuronal survival and neuritogenesis. In addition, recent works have shown that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) can protect newborn neurons from apoptosis and excitotoxicity. However, to date, the link between telomerase and diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) is not well reviewed. Here, we analyze the evidence and summarize the important roles of telomerase in the CNS. Understanding the roles of telomerase in the nervous system is not only important to gain further insight into the process of the neural cell life cycle but would also provide novel therapeutic applications in CNS diseases such as neurodegenerative condition, mood disorders, aging and other ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ashley Nemes
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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130
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Chang SC, Crous-Bou M, Prescott J, Rosner B, Simon NM, Wang W, De Vivo I, Okereke OI. Prospective association of depression and phobic anxiety with changes in telomere lengths over 11 years. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:431-439. [PMID: 29486096 PMCID: PMC6085135 DOI: 10.1002/da.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depression and anxiety have been associated with shorter telomeres in cross-sectional studies, the data regarding the prospective relations of depression and anxiety to accelerated telomere length shortening are limited and findings are mixed. We prospectively examined relations of baseline depression and phobic anxiety to subsequent 11-year change in relative leukocyte telomere lengths (LTLs). METHODS We selected 1,250 women from a subcohort of the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood specimens at both blood collections (1989-1990 and 2000-2001). Depression was defined by self-reported regular antidepressant use or presence of severe depressive symptoms; anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, LTLs were measured as the copy number ratio of telomere repeat to a single control gene. Changes in LTLs were defined in three ways: absolute change, symmetrized percent change, and decile shift. RESULTS Overall, there were no statistically significant associations of depression or phobic anxiety to subsequent 11-year LTL shortening, despite a point estimates in the direction of greater telomere shortening among participants with versus without depression, across all three metrics of telomere change. The strongest predictor of LTL change was baseline telomere length, and regression-to-the-mean was observed. CONCLUSION Baseline depression and phobic anxiety were not significantly associated with 11-year attrition in LTLs among 1,250 mid-life and older women. However, a suggestion of depression and greater subsequent LTL attrition, while not statistically significant, may warrant further inquiry, particularly in prospective studies with larger sample sizes and broader windows of the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chiao Chang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Clinical Research Program, Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naomi M. Simon
- Anxiety and Complicated Grief Program, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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131
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Pawełczyk T, Grancow-Grabka M, Trafalska E, Szemraj J, Żurner N, Pawełczyk A. Telomerase level increase is related to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid efficacy in first episode schizophrenia: Secondary outcome analysis of the OFFER randomized clinical trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:142-148. [PMID: 29241838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with shortening of the lifespan mainly due to cardiovascular events, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both telomere attrition and decrease of telomerase levels were observed in schizophrenia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence multiple biochemical mechanisms which are postulated to accelerate telomere shortening and limit the longevity of patients with schizophrenia. Intervention studies based on add-on therapy with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in patients with schizophrenia did not assess the changes in telomerase levels. A randomized placebo-controlled trial named OFFER was designed to compare the efficacy of a 26-week intervention composed of either 2.2g/day of n-3 PUFA or olive oil placebo with regard to symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia patients. The secondary outcome measure of the study was to describe the association between the clinical effect of n-3 PUFA and changes in telomerase levels. Seventy-one patients aged 16-35 were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to the study arms. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the change in symptom severity. Telomerase levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were assessed at three points: at baseline and at weeks 8 and 26 of the intervention. A significantly greater increase in PBMC telomerase levels in the intervention group compared to placebo was observed (p<0.001). Changes in telomerase levels significantly and inversely correlated with improvement in depressive symptoms and severity of the illness. The efficacy of a six-month intervention with n-3 PUFA observed in first-episode schizophrenia may be related to an increase in telomerase levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Grancow-Grabka
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Trafalska
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Natalia Żurner
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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132
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Depression, telomeres and mitochondrial DNA: between- and within-person associations from a 10-year longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:850-857. [PMID: 28348385 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular aging, indexed by leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), might partly account for the increased health risks in persons with depression. Although some studies indeed found cross-sectional associations of depression with LTL and mtDNAcn, the longitudinal associations remain unclear. This 10-year longitudinal study examined between- and within-person associations of depressive symptoms with LTL and mtDNAcn in a large community sample. Data are from years 15, 20 and 25 follow-up evaluations in 977 subjects from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Depressive symptoms (years 15, 20, 25) were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale; LTL (years 15, 20, 25) and mtDNAcn (years 15, 25) were measured in whole blood by quantitative PCR. With mixed-model analyses, we explored between- and within-person associations between CES-D scores and cellular aging markers. Results showed that high levels of depressive symptomatology throughout the 10-year time span was associated with shorter average LTL over 10 years (B=-4.2; P=0.014) after covarying for age, sex, race and education. However, no within-person association was found between depressive symptoms and LTL at each year (B=-0.8; P=0.548). Further, we found no between-person (B=-0.2; P=0.744) or within-person (B=0.4; P=0.497) associations between depressive symptomatology and mtDNAcn. Our results provide evidence for a long-term, between-person relationship of depressive symptoms with LTL, rather than a dynamic and direct within-person relationship. In this study, we found no evidence for an association between depressive symptoms and mtDNAcn.
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133
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Vance MC, Bui E, Hoeppner SS, Kovachy B, Prescott J, Mischoulon D, Walton ZE, Dong M, Nadal MF, Worthington JJ, Hoge EA, Cassano P, Orr EH, Fava M, de Vivo I, Wong KK, Simon NM. Prospective association between major depressive disorder and leukocyte telomere length over two years. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 90:157-164. [PMID: 29499556 PMCID: PMC5864560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been found to be associated with multiple common age-related diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. A link has also been suggested between shortened LTL and major depressive disorder (MDD), suggesting that MDD may be a disease of accelerated aging. This prospective, longitudinal study examined the association between depression diagnosis at baseline and change in LTL over two years in a well-characterized sample of N = 117 adults with or without MDD at baseline, using rigorous entry criteria. METHODS Participants aged 18-70 were assessed with validated instruments by trained, doctoral-level clinician raters at baseline and at two-year follow-up, and blood samples were obtained at both visits. LTL was assayed under identical methods using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The effect of an MDD diagnosis at baseline on change in LTL over two years was examined via hierarchical mixed models, which included potential confounders. RESULTS Individuals with MDD at baseline had greater LTL shortening over two years than individuals without MDD (p = 0.03), even after controlling for differences in age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). In the sub-sample of individuals with MDD diagnoses at baseline, no significant associations between LTL change and symptom severity or duration were found. CONCLUSION A baseline diagnosis of MDD prospectively predicted LTL shortening over two years. Our results provide further support for MDD as a disease associated with accelerated aging in a well-characterized sample using validated, clinician-rated measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. Vance
- University of Michigan,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
| | - Eric Bui
- Massachusetts General Hospital,Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Cassano
- Massachusetts General Hospital,Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Maurizio Fava
- Massachusetts General Hospital,Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Harvard Medical School,Dana Farber Cancer Institute,New York University Medical School
| | - Naomi M. Simon
- Massachusetts General Hospital,Harvard Medical School,New York University Medical School
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134
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Zhou J, Wang J, Shen Y, Yang Y, Huang P, Chen S, Zou C, Dong B. The association between telomere length and frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2018. [PMID: 29518479 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have examined the association between telomere length and frailty, but results from these studies are contradictory. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between telomere length and frailty. METHODS We searched the literature in Ovid (MEDLINE), Embase, PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane databases in July 2017 for studies evaluating the association of telomere length and the risk of frailty. RESULTS A total of 5 studies (3268 participants) were eligible in our study. The prevalence of frailty ranged from 5.4% to 51.1%. The pooled mean difference of telomere length for the non-frail versus frail was 0.06 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.13), suggesting that no significant association was found between telomere length and frailty. In addition, the subgroup analysis indicated that telomere length was not significantly associated with the risk of frailty in all gender groups. Similar results were also found when frailty was defined by the Fried criteria (mean difference = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.16) and frailty index (mean difference = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.05, 0.01), but not by the frailty scale (mean difference = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.32). CONCLUSION Telomere length is not associated with the risk of frailty. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to evaluate further whether telomere length is a meaningful biological marker for frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Zhou
- Geriatrics Department, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China; Chengdu-Montpellier Geriatric Research Center, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | | | - Ying Yang
- Geriatrics Department, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China; Chengdu-Montpellier Geriatric Research Center, China
| | - Pan Huang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Shanping Chen
- Geriatrics Department, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China; Chengdu-Montpellier Geriatric Research Center, China
| | - Chuan Zou
- Geriatrics Department, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China; Chengdu-Montpellier Geriatric Research Center, China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu, China.
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135
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Relation of long-term patterns in caregiving activity and depressive symptoms to telomere length in older women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 89:161-167. [PMID: 29414028 PMCID: PMC5878722 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research links psychological stress to accelerated cellular aging. Here we examined whether long-term patterns of depression and caregiving burden, forms of chronic psychological stress, were associated with shorter telomere length, a biomarker of cellular aging. METHODS The study included 1250 healthy older women (mean: 68.0; range: 60-81 years) in the Nurses' Health Study. Long-term patterns in depressive symptoms and caregiving activity (separated into care of children/grandchildren vs. ill or disabled family members/others) incorporated questionnaire data between 1992 and 2000; relative leukocyte telomere lengths (LTLs) were measured in 2000-2001. Least-squares means LTL z-scores were calculated across categories of depression patterns and caregiving intensity. RESULTS Six empirically-derived latent classes of depressive symptom trajectories were identified: minimal-stable (63.7%), mild-worsening (3.9%), subthreshold-improving (22.8%), subthreshold-worsening (2.7%), clinical range depressive-improving (6.2%), and clinical range depressive-persistent (0.6%). After collapsing trajectory patterns into 4 groups (combining those with minimal and mild symptoms into one group and those with clinical range depressive symptoms into one group) due to very small sample sizes in some groups, we observed marginal associations (p = 0.07): e.g., the least-squares means LTL z-scores were lowest (-0.08; 95% CI: -0.22 to 0.06) for the clinical range depressive symptoms group and highest (0.12; 0.04-0.20) for the subthreshold-improving group (Tukey's post-hoc pairwise p = 0.07). With six depressive symptom trajectories, no significant associations were observed with regard to telomere lengths. There were no significant associations between caregiving intensity and LTLs. CONCLUSIONS There were no associations between long-term patterns of caregiving burden and telomere lengths among older women. Possible differences in telomere lengths by types of long-term depressive symptom trajectories may warrant further investigation.
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136
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Epel ES, Prather AA. Stress, Telomeres, and Psychopathology: Toward a Deeper Understanding of a Triad of Early Aging. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2018; 14:371-397. [PMID: 29494257 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres play an important part in aging and show relationships to lifetime adversity, particularly childhood adversity. Meta-analyses demonstrate reliable associations between psychopathology (primarily depression) and shorter telomere length, but the nature of this relationship has not been fully understood. Here, we review and evaluate the evidence for impaired telomere biology as a consequence of psychopathology or as a contributing factor, and the important mediating roles of chronic psychological stress and impaired allostasis. There is evidence for a triadic relationship among stress, telomere shortening, and psychiatric disorders that is positively reinforcing and unfolds across the life course and, possibly, across generations. We review the role of genetics and biobehavioral responses that may contribute to shorter telomere length, as well as the neurobiological impact of impaired levels of telomerase. These complex interrelationships are important to elucidate because they have implications for mental and physical comorbidity and, potentially, for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry; Center for Health and Community; Aging, Metabolism, and Emotions Center; University of California, San Francisco, California 94118, USA; ,
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137
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Anderson G. Linking the biological underpinnings of depression: Role of mitochondria interactions with melatonin, inflammation, sirtuins, tryptophan catabolites, DNA repair and oxidative and nitrosative stress, with consequences for classification and cognition. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:255-266. [PMID: 28433458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological underpinnings of neuroprogressive processes in recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) are reviewed. A wide array of biochemical processes underlie MDD presentations and their shift to a recurrent, neuroprogressive course, including: increased immune-inflammation, tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), mitochondrial dysfunction, aryl hydrocarbonn receptor activation, and oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), as well as decreased sirtuins and melatonergic pathway activity. These biochemical changes may have their roots in central, systemic and/or peripheral sites, including in the gut, as well as in developmental processes, such as prenatal stressors and breastfeeding consequences. Consequently, conceptualizations of MDD have dramatically moved from simple psychological and central biochemical models, such as lowered brain serotonin, to a conceptualization that incorporates whole body processes over a lifespan developmental timescale. However, important hubs are proposed, including the gut-brain axis, and mitochondrial functioning, which may provide achievable common treatment targets despite considerable inter-individual variability in biochemical changes. This provides a more realistic model of the complexity of MDD and the pathophysiological processes that underpin the shift to rMDD and consequent cognitive deficits. Such accumulating data on the pathophysiological processes underpinning MDD highlights the need in psychiatry to shift to a classification system that is based on biochemical processes, rather than subjective phenomenology.
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138
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychosocial stress may influence the risk of disease through its association with oxidative DNA damage. We examined whether perceived stress and depressive symptoms were associated with urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), with mutual interaction on 8-OHdG. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 6517 individuals aged 45 to 74 years who participated, between 2010 and 2012, in a follow-up survey of an ongoing cohort study. Perceived stress during the past year was measured using a self-report questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were measured using a column switching high-pressure liquid chromatography system coupled to an electrochemical detector. RESULTS Higher perceived stress was significantly associated with higher 8-OHdG (2.1% increase per one-category increase of stress; ptrend = .025), even after adjusting for sex, age, supplement use, psychosocial factors, psychotropic medication use, smoking, and body mass index. This association was modestly attenuated after further adjustment for physical activity, suggesting possible mediation or confounding by this factor. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with 8-OHdG. No significant interaction was detected between perceived stress and depressive symptoms on 8-OHdG. CONCLUSIONS In a general Japanese population, we found a weak positive association between perceived stress and urinary excretion of 8-OHdG, whereas no association was observed between depressive symptoms and 8-OHdG. Further studies are needed to examine whether the association between perceived stress and 8-OHdG is modified by depressive symptoms.
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139
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Manoliu A, Bosch OG, Brakowski J, Brühl AB, Seifritz E. The potential impact of biochemical mediators on telomere attrition in major depressive disorder and implications for future study designs: A narrative review. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:630-646. [PMID: 28889049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been proposed to represent a "disease of premature aging", which is associated with certain biomarkers of cellular ageing and numerous other age-related diseases. Over the last decade, telomere length (TL) arose as a surrogate for cellular aging. Recent data suggests that TL might be reduced in patients with MDD, however, results are still inconclusive. This might be explained by the lack of assessment of potential biochemical mediators that are directly associated with telomere shortening and frequently observed in patients with MDD. METHODS A narrative review was performed. The PubMed database was searched for relevant studies. RESULTS We identified four major mediators, which are recurrently reported in patients with MDD and are associated with reduced TL: inflammation/oxidative stress, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic dysbalance including insulin resistance, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These mediators are also mutually associated and were not systematically assessed in current studies investigating TL and MDD, which might explain inconclusive findings across current literature. Finally, we discuss possible ways to assess those mediators and potential implications of such approaches for future research. LIMITATIONS The majority of identified studies had cross-sectional designs and used heterogeneous methods to assess TL and associated relevant biochemical mediators. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the complex interactions between biochemical mediators, somatic comorbidities and shortened telomeres in patients with MDD might further specify the pathophysiology-based conceptualization and, based on that, personalized treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Manoliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver G Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janis Brakowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette B Brühl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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140
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Abstract
Variation in telomere length is heritable and is currently considered a promising biomarker of susceptibility for neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly because of its association with memory function and hippocampal morphology. Here, we investigate telomere length in connection to familial risk and disease expression in bipolar disorder (BD). We used quantitative PCRs and a telomere-sequence to single-copy-gene-sequence ratio method to determine telomere length in genomic DNA extracted from buccal smears from 63 patients with BD, 74 first-degree relatives (49 relatives had no lifetime psychopathology and 25 had a non-BD mood disorder), and 80 unrelated healthy individuals. Participants also underwent magnetic resonance imaging to determine hippocampal volumes and cognitive assessment to evaluate episodic memory using the verbal paired associates test. Telomere length was shorter in psychiatrically well relatives (p=0.007) compared with unrelated healthy participants. Telomere length was also shorter in relatives (regardless of psychiatric status; p<0.01) and patients with BD not on lithium (p=0.02) compared with lithium-treated patients with BD. In the entire sample, telomere length was positively associated with left and right hippocampal volume and with delayed recall. This study provides evidence that shortened telomere length is associated with familial risk for BD. Lithium may have neuroprotective properties that require further investigation using prospective designs.
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141
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Maurya PK, Rizzo LB, Xavier G, Tempaku PF, Ota VK, Santoro ML, Spíndola LM, Moretti PS, Mazzotti DR, Gadelha A, Gouvea ES, Noto C, Maes M, Cordeiro Q, Bressan RA, Brietzke E, Belangero SI. Leukocyte telomere length variation in different stages of schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 96:218-223. [PMID: 29102816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that telomere maintenance might be a key integrating point for the cumulative effect of genetic and environmental factors in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Eighty-one participants with antipsychotic-naïve FEP, 173 with SCZ and 438 HC were enrolled in this study. Psychiatric diagnosis was assessed using the Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I (SCID-I). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) were used to measure symptoms severity. Telomere length (TL) was determined using a multiplex qPCR assay. After adjustment for age, years of education, and smoking status, we found that patients with SCZ had longer TL (relative ratio (RR) = 1.08) than the HC group (RR = 1.00, Wald χ2 = 12.48, p = 0.002). Further, non-remitted SCZ patients presented longer TL (RR = 1.00) compared to remitted SCZ (RR = 0.88, Wald χ2 = 7.20, p = 0.007). TL in patients also correlated to psychopathology assessment in terms of total (p = 0.003) and positive PANSS scores (p = 0.001). No correlation with negative PANSS, YMRS, and CDSS or effects of medication was found on TL. Although the exact pathways underlying longer TL in SCZ patients remain unclear, these findings raise more questions than answers and suggest that TL may be of immense value on SCZ progression. Further studies are required to investigate the association of TL in FEP and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Lucas Bortolotto Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group on Behavioural and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Xavier
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Farias Tempaku
- Departament of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia M Spíndola
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Moretti
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Gouvea
- Department of Psychiatry, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group on Behavioural and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wolf EJ, Logue MW, Stoop TB, Schichman SA, Stone A, Sadeh N, Hayes JP, Miller MW. Accelerated DNA Methylation Age: Associations With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mortality. Psychosom Med 2018; 80:42-48. [PMID: 29271864 PMCID: PMC5775924 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently developed indices of cellular age based on DNA methylation (DNAm) data, referred to as DNAm age, are being used to study factors that influence the rate of aging and the health correlates of these metrics of the epigenetic clock. This study evaluated associations between trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and accelerated versus decelerated DNAm age among military veterans. We also examined whether accelerated DNAm age predicted mortality over the course of a 6.5-year medical record review period. METHODS Three hundred thirty-nine genotype-confirmed white, non-Hispanic, middle-aged, trauma-exposed veterans underwent psychiatric assessment and genome-wide DNAm analysis. DNAm age was calculated using a previously validated algorithm. Medical records were available for a subset of 241 veterans and were reviewed approximately 6.5 years after DNA collection and PTSD assessment. RESULTS PTSD hyperarousal symptoms were associated with accelerated DNAm age (β = 0.20, p = .009) but trauma exposure and total PTSD severity were not. Accelerated DNAm age was also associated with 13% increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.26) during the medical record review period. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study replicate the association between PTSD and accelerated DNAm age and suggest that this effect may be specific to the hyperarousal symptom cluster. Results point to the potential utility of DNAm age algorithms for identifying individuals who are aging at an accelerated rate and for determining the factors that influence this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J. Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | - Steven A. Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
| | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
| | - Naomi Sadeh
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Jasmeet P. Hayes
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
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143
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Drury SS, Howell BR, Jones C, Esteves K, Morin E, Schlesinger R, Meyer JS, Baker K, Sanchez MM. Shaping long-term primate development: Telomere length trajectory as an indicator of early maternal maltreatment and predictor of future physiologic regulation. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:1539-1551. [PMID: 29162166 PMCID: PMC5864972 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The molecular, neurobiological, and physical health impacts of child maltreatment are well established, yet mechanistic pathways remain inadequately defined. Telomere length (TL) decline is an emerging molecular indicator of stress exposure with definitive links to negative health outcomes in maltreated individuals. The multiple confounders endemic to human maltreatment research impede the identification of causal pathways. This study leverages a unique randomized, cross-foster, study design in a naturalistic translational nonhuman primate model of infant maltreatment. At birth, newborn macaques were randomly assigned to either a maltreating or a competent control mother, balancing for sex, biological mother parenting history, and social rank. Offspring TL was measured longitudinally across the first 6 months of life (infancy) from peripheral blood. Hair cortisol accumulation was also determined at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. TL decline was greater in animals randomized to maltreatment, but also interacted with biological mother group. Shorter TL at 6 months was associated with higher mean cortisol levels through 18 months (juvenile period) when controlling for relevant covariates. These results suggest that even under the equivalent social, nutritional, and environmental conditions feasible in naturalistic translational nonhuman primate models, early adverse caregiving results in lasting molecular scars that foreshadow elevated health risk and physiologic dysregulation.
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144
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Galletly C, Dhillon VS, Liu D, Balzan RP, Hahn LA, Fenech MF. Shorter telomere length in people with schizophrenia: A preliminary study from Australia. Schizophr Res 2017; 190:46-51. [PMID: 28285024 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental illness affecting the normal functioning of the brain, interfering with the ability to think, feel and act. It can be conceptualised as a syndrome of accelerated ageing, with early onset of cardiovascular disease and high rates of premature mortality. Telomere attrition increases with oxidative stress and is considered a biomarker of ageing. Previous studies have assessed abnormalities in telomere length in schizophrenia, but the results are inconsistent. The present study used a case-control design to assess whether people with schizophrenia have shortened telomeres, indicative of accelerated ageing. Subjects were all male, aged 25-35years, living in the same urban region of Adelaide, South Australia. Telomere length was measured using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We found significantly shorter telomeres in people with schizophrenia relative to healthy controls. This is the first study to show telomere attrition among people with schizophrenia in Australia. Shorter telomere length may indicate the common pathways that schizophrenia shares with other neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders associated with increased cellular senescence. Further well-controlled larger studies in people with schizophrenia are required to fully understand (i) the role of variables that have the potential to modulate telomere length such as use of antipsychotic drugs, medical conditions, parental age, smoking, alcohol abuse and use of illicit drugs; (ii) effective treatments to slow telomere erosion and (iii) mechanisms responsible for accelerating and reducing telomere damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherrie Galletly
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Ramsay Health Care (SA) Mental Health, Australia.
| | - Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Nutrigenomics & DNA Damage Diagnostics, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dennis Liu
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ryan P Balzan
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa A Hahn
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Ramsay Health Care (SA) Mental Health, Australia
| | - Michael F Fenech
- Nutrigenomics & DNA Damage Diagnostics, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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145
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Altered populations of natural killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and regulatory T cells in major depressive disorder: Association with sleep disturbance. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66. [PMID: 28645775 PMCID: PMC5650936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have impaired adaptive immunity characterized by a greater vulnerability to viral infection and a deficient response to vaccination along with a decrease in the number and/or activity of T cells and natural killer cells (NKC). Nevertheless, it remains unclear which specific subsets of lymphocytes are altered in MDD, a shortcoming we address here by utilizing an advanced fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) method that allows for the differentiation of important functionally-distinct lymphocyte sub-populations. Furthermore, despite evidence that sleep disturbance, which is a core symptom of MDD, is itself associated with alterations in lymphocyte distributions, there is a paucity of studies examining the contribution of sleep disturbance on lymphocyte populations in MDD populations. Here, we measured differences in the percentages of 13 different lymphocytes and 6 different leukocytes in 54 unmedicated MDD patients (partially remitted to moderate) and 56 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). The relationship between self-reported sleep disturbance and cell counts was evaluated in the MDD group using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The MDD group showed a significantly increased percentage of CD127low/CCR4+ Treg cells, and memory Treg cells, as well as a reduction in CD56+CD16- (putative immunoregulatory) NKC counts, the latter, prior to correction for body mass index. There also was a trend for higher effector memory CD8+ cell counts in the MDD group versus the HC group. Further, within the MDD group, self-reported sleep disturbance was associated with an increased percentage of effector memory CD8+ cells but with a lower percentage of CD56+CD16- NKC. These results provide important new insights into the immune pathways involved in MDD, and provide novel evidence that MDD and associated sleep disturbance increase effector memory CD8+ and Treg pathways. Targeting sleep disturbance may have implications as a therapeutic strategy to normalize NKC and memory CD8+ cells in MDD.
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146
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Send TS, Gilles M, Codd V, Wolf I, Bardtke S, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Frank J, Schendel D, Sütterlin MW, Denniff M, Laucht M, Samani NJ, Deuschle M, Rietschel M, Witt SH. Telomere Length in Newborns is Related to Maternal Stress During Pregnancy. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2407-2413. [PMID: 28397798 PMCID: PMC5645750 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a marker of biological aging, and numerous studies have shown associations between TL and somatic or psychiatric disorders. Research also indicates an association between maternal stress during pregnancy and TL in the offspring. The present study investigated possible associations between TL and: (1) maternal perceived stress during pregnancy; (2) a maternal lifetime history of psychiatric disorder (lifetime PD); and (3) paternal age. TL was analyzed in 319 newborns and 318 mothers from a predominantly Caucasian sample (n=273 Caucasian newborns and n=274 Caucasian mothers). Two key findings were observed. First, maternal perceived stress during pregnancy was associated with shorter telomeres in newborns but not with maternal TL. Second, maternal lifetime PD was associated with shorter maternal telomeres, but not with TL in newborns. Paternal age was not associated with TL in newborns. The finding that maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with shorter telomeres in newborns supports the results of smaller previous studies. The fact that a relation between maternal prenatal stress and TL was observed in the offspring but not in mothers may be attributable to a high vulnerability to stress during intrauterine development of a maturing organism. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date to show that maternal stress during pregnancy but not maternal lifetime PD is associated with shorter telomeres in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Sarah Send
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Gilles
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Isabell Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Svenja Bardtke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Darja Schendel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark W Sütterlin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael Deuschle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany, Tel.: +49 621 1703 6056, Fax: +49 621 1703 6055, E-mail:
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147
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this paper is to review the recent literature on traumatic stress-related accelerated aging, including a focus on cellular mechanisms and biomarkers of cellular aging and on the clinical manifestations of accelerated biological aging. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple lines of research converge to suggest that PTSD is associated with accelerated aging in the epigenome, and the immune and inflammation systems, and this may be reflected in premature onset of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease. The current state of research paves the way for future work focused on identifying the peripheral and central biological mechanisms linking traumatic stress to accelerated biological aging and medical morbidity, with an emphasis on processes involved in inflammation, immune functioning, oxidative stress, autonomic arousal, and stress response. Ultimately, such work could help reduce the pace of biological aging and improve health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, (116B-2), 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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148
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Li X, Wang J, Zhou J, Huang P, Li J. The association between post-traumatic stress disorder and shorter telomere length: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 218:322-326. [PMID: 28486180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric disorder, which may accelerate aging. Many study have investigated the association between telomeres length and PTSD, but results from published studies are contradictory. Therefore, Meta-analysis approaches were conducted to give more precise estimate of relationship between telomere length and PTSD. METHOD We systematically reviewed the databases of PUBMED, PsycINFO, Medline(Ovid SP) and EMBASE for all articles on the association between telomere length and PTSD. Data were summarized by using random-effects in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity among studies were examined by using Cochrane's Q statistic and I-squared. RESULTS Five eligible studies containing 3851 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Shorten telomere length was significantly associated with PTSD with mean difference of -0.19( 95% CI: -0.27, -0.01; P<0.001) with I-square of 96%. The results from subgroup analysis demonstrated that shorter telomere length was significantly associated with PTSD across all gender groups, with mean difference of -0.15( 95% CI: -0.29, -0.01; P=0.04) for female, mean difference of -0.17( 95% CI: -0.19, -0.15; P<0.001) for male. Meanwhile, shorten telomere length was significantly associated with sexual assault(mean difference =-0.15, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.01), childhood trauma (mean difference =-0.08, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.07), but not combat (mean difference =-0.39, 95% CI: -0.83, 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared to the individuals without PTSD, individuals with PTSD have shorter telomere length, which has implications for early intervention and timely treatment to prevent future adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The First people's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Nursing, Jinggangshan University, Jian, China
| | - Jianghua Zhou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Huang
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiping Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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149
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Tsur N, Shahar G, Defrin R, Lahav Y, Ginzburg K. Torturing personification of chronic pain among torture survivors. J Psychosom Res 2017; 99:155-161. [PMID: 28712422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent with the human tendency to anthropomorphize objects, events, and situations, individuals might ascribe human characteristics to physical symptoms and illnesses. This manuscript presents an examination of chronic pain personification in torture survivors. Specifically, it was hypothesized that torture survivors personify chronic pain as a torturing sensation. It was further hypothesized that PTSD mediates the effect of past torture on torturing pain personification. METHODS Fifty-nine Israeli ex-prisoners of war (ex-POWs), who experienced severe torture in captivity, and 44 matched controls completed self-administered questionnaires at 18, 30, and 35years post captivity. RESULTS Whereas ex-POWs exhibit higher torturing personification than controls, no differences were found in concrete description of chronic pain. PTSD trajectories were implicated in different levels of torturing personification. Finally, sequential mediation analysis revealed that PTSD at T2 and T3 mediated the association between torture and torturing personification. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that trauma shapes the way individuals relate to and experience their bodily sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Tsur
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Golan Shahar
- Stress, Self & Health (STREALTH) Lab, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - Ruth Defrin
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yael Lahav
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karni Ginzburg
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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150
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Köse Çinar R. Telomere length and hTERT in mania and subsequent remission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 40:19-25. [PMID: 28700015 PMCID: PMC6899417 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The findings of telomere length (TL) studies in bipolar disorder (BD) are controversial. The aim of the present study was to detect TL, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in severe mania and subsequent remission. METHODS Twenty-one medication-free male patients and 20 age and gender matched controls were recruited. The patients were followed in the inpatient clinic, and comparisons were made between the same patients in their remission state and controls. Patients received lithium plus antipsychotics during the follow-up period. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify leukocyte TL and whole blood hTERT gene expression levels. Serum BDNF levels were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared to controls, manic patients presented shorter telomeres (p < 0.001) whose length increased with treatment (p = 0.001). Patients in the late stages showed shorter TL than those in the early stages and controls (p < 0.001). hTERT gene expression levels were up-regulated in mania and remission compared to controls (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). BDNF changes did not reach statistically significant levels. CONCLUSIONS TL and hTERT gene expression might reflect a novel aspect of BD pathophysiology and TL might represent a novel biomarker for BD staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugül Köse Çinar
- Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
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