101
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Hasegawa S, Tsutsumi T, Fukushima S, Okabe Y, Saito J, Katayama M, Shindo M, Yamada Y, Shimomura K, Yoneyama K, Akiyama K, Aoki K, Ariizumi T, Ezura H, Yamaguchi S, Umehara M. Low Infection of Phelipanche aegyptiaca in Micro-Tom Mutants Deficient in CAROTENOIDCLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2645. [PMID: 30200620 PMCID: PMC6163878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a group of plant hormones, induce germination of root-parasitic plants and inhibit shoot branching in many plants. Shoot branching is an important trait that affects the number and quality of flowers and fruits. Root-parasitic plants, such as Phelipanche spp., infect tomato roots and cause economic damage in Europe and North Africa-hence why resistant tomato cultivars are needed. In this study, we found carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8-defective mutants of Micro-Tom tomato (slccd8) by the "targeting induced local lesions in genomes" (TILLING) method. The mutants showed excess branching, which was suppressed by exogenously applied SL. Grafting shoot scions of the slccd8 mutants onto wild-type (WT) rootstocks restored normal branching in the scions. The levels of endogenous orobanchol and solanacol in WT were enough detectable, whereas that in the slccd8 mutants were below the detection limit of quantification analysis. Accordingly, root exudates of the slccd8 mutants hardly stimulated seed germination of root parasitic plants. In addition, SL deficiency did not critically affect the fruit traits of Micro-Tom. Using a rhizotron system, we also found that Phelipanche aegyptiaca infection was lower in the slccd8 mutants than in wild-type Micro-Tom because of the low germination. We propose that the slccd8 mutants might be useful as new tomato lines resistant to P. aegyptiaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Takuya Tsutsumi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Fukushima
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Junna Saito
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Mina Katayama
- College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Masato Shindo
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Shimomura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Koh Aoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Mikihisa Umehara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
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102
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Ruffel S. Nutrient-Related Long-Distance Signals: Common Players and Possible Cross-Talk. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1723-1732. [PMID: 30085239 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient fluctuations are more a rule rather than an exception in the life of sessile organisms such as plants. Despite this constraint that adds up to abiotic and biotic stresses, plants are able to accomplish their life cycle thanks to an efficient signaling network that reciprocally controls nutrient acquisition and use with growth and development. The majority of nutrients are acquired by the root system where multiple local signaling pathways that rely on nutrient-sensing systems are implemented to direct root growth toward soil resources. Moreover, long-distance signaling plays an essential role in integrating nutrient availability at the whole-plant level and adjusting nutrient acquisition to plant growth requirements. By studying the signaling network for single mineral nutrients, several long-distance signals traveling between roots and shoots and taking a diversity of forms have been identified and are summarized here. However, the nutritional environment is multifactorial, adding a tremendous complexity for our understanding of the nutrient signaling network as a unique system. For instance, long-distance signals are expected to support this nutrient cross-talk in part, but the mechanisms are still largely unknown. Therefore, the involvement of possible long-distance signals as conveyers of nutrient cross-talk is discussed here together with approaches and strategies that are now considered to build a picture from the nutrient signaling puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Ruffel
- BPMP, INRA, CNRS, Universit� de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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103
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Regulation of Root Development and Architecture by Strigolactones under Optimal and Nutrient Deficiency Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071887. [PMID: 29954078 PMCID: PMC6073886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a group of plant hormones which are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Beside their role in shoot and root development and plant architecture in general, SLs are also involved in plant responses to nutrient deficiency by promoting interactions with symbiotic organisms and via promotion of root elongation. Recent observations on the cross talk between SLs and other hormones demonstrate that the inhibition of adventitious root formation by ethylene is independent of SLs. Additionally, it was shown that root exposure to SLs leads to the accumulation of secondary metabolites, such as flavonols or antioxidants. These data suggest pleiotropic effects of SLs, that influence root development. The discovery that the commonly used synthetic SL analogue racGR24 might also mimic the function of other plant growth regulators, such as karrikins, has led us to consider the previously published publications under the new aspects. This review summarizes present knowledge about the function of SLs in shaping root systems under optimal and nutrient deficiency conditions. Results which appear inconsistent with the various aspects of root development are singled out.
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104
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Yoneyama K, Mori N, Sato T, Yoda A, Xie X, Okamoto M, Iwanaga M, Ohnishi T, Nishiwaki H, Asami T, Yokota T, Akiyama K, Yoneyama K, Nomura T. Conversion of carlactone to carlactonoic acid is a conserved function of MAX1 homologs in strigolactone biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1522-1533. [PMID: 29479714 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones which regulate shoot branching and function as host recognition signals for symbionts and parasites in the rhizosphere. However, steps in SL biosynthesis after carlactone (CL) formation remain elusive. This study elucidated the common and diverse functions of MAX1 homologs which catalyze CL oxidation. We have reported previously that ArabidopsisMAX1 converts CL to carlactonoic acid (CLA), whereas a rice MAX1 homolog has been shown to catalyze the conversion of CL to 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO). To determine which reaction is conserved in the plant kingdom, we investigated the enzymatic function of MAX1 homologs in Arabidopsis, rice, maize, tomato, poplar and Selaginella moellendorffii. The conversion of CL to CLA was found to be a common reaction catalyzed by MAX1 homologs, and MAX1s can be classified into three types: A1-type, converting CL to CLA; A2-type, converting CL to 4DO via CLA; and A3-type, converting CL to CLA and 4DO to orobanchol. CLA was detected in root exudates from poplar and Selaginella, but not ubiquitously in other plants examined in this study, suggesting its role as a species-specific signal in the rhizosphere. This study provides new insights into the roles of MAX1 in endogenous and rhizosphere signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Narumi Mori
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Sato
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yoda
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwanaga
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nishiwaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takao Yokota
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, 321-8505, Japan
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105
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Brun G, Braem L, Thoiron S, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S, Delavault P. Seed germination in parasitic plants: what insights can we expect from strigolactone research? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2265-2280. [PMID: 29281042 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obligate root-parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family are deadly pests for major crops all over the world. Because these heterotrophic plants severely damage their hosts even before emerging from the soil, there is an unequivocal need to design early and efficient methods for their control. The germination process of these species has probably undergone numerous selective pressure events in the course of evolution, in that the perception of host-derived molecules is a necessary condition for seeds to germinate. Although most of these molecules belong to the strigolactones, structurally different molecules have been identified. Since strigolactones are also classified as novel plant hormones that regulate several physiological processes other than germination, the use of autotrophic model plant species has allowed the identification of many actors involved in the strigolactone biosynthesis, perception, and signal transduction pathways. Nevertheless, many questions remain to be answered regarding the germination process of parasitic plants. For instance, how did parasitic plants evolve to germinate in response to a wide variety of molecules, while autotrophic plants do not? What particular features are associated with their lack of spontaneous germination? In this review, we attempt to illustrate to what extent conclusions from research into strigolactones could be applied to better understand the biology of parasitic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brun
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Lukas Braem
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Thoiron
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delavault
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales, EA, Université de Nantes, BP Nantes Cedex, France
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106
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Kameoka H, Kyozuka J. Spatial regulation of strigolactone function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2255-2264. [PMID: 29300937 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones that control many aspects of plant development and environmental responses. Despite recent and rapid progress in the biochemical and molecular understanding of strigolactone biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, our knowledge about where strigolactones are produced and where they act is fragmented. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about these aspects of strigolactones, obtained from mutant phenotypes, grafting experiments, gene expression patterns, and protein localization studies. We also discuss the potential of new imaging technologies to reveal the spatial regulation of strigolactone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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107
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Moturu TR, Thula S, Singh RK, Nodzynski T, Vareková RS, Friml J, Simon S. Molecular evolution and diversification of the SMXL gene family. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018. [PMID: 29538714 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a relatively recent addition to the list of plant hormones that control different aspects of plant development. SL signalling is perceived by an α/β hydrolase, DWARF 14 (D14). A close homolog of D14, KARRIKIN INSENSTIVE2 (KAI2), is involved in perception of an uncharacterized molecule called karrikin (KAR). Recent studies in Arabidopsis identified the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE 7 (SMXL7) to be potential SCF-MAX2 complex-mediated proteasome targets of KAI2 and D14, respectively. Genetic studies on SMXL7 and SMAX1 demonstrated distinct developmental roles for each, but very little is known about these repressors in terms of their sequence features. In this study, we performed an extensive comparative analysis of SMXLs and determined their phylogenetic and evolutionary history in the plant lineage. Our results show that SMXL family members can be sub-divided into four distinct phylogenetic clades/classes, with an ancient SMAX1. Further, we identified the clade-specific motifs that have evolved and that might act as determinants of SL-KAR signalling specificity. These specificities resulted from functional diversities among the clades. Our results suggest that a gradual co-evolution of SMXL members with their upstream receptors D14/KAI2 provided an increased specificity to both the SL perception and response in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraka Ramji Moturu
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sravankumar Thula
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ravi Kumar Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, SRM University, Haryana, Sonepat, India
| | - Tomasz Nodzynski
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Svobodová Vareková
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Jirí Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Sibu Simon
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
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108
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Yao R, Wang L, Li Y, Chen L, Li S, Du X, Wang B, Yan J, Li J, Xie D. Rice DWARF14 acts as an unconventional hormone receptor for strigolactone. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2355-2365. [PMID: 29365172 PMCID: PMC5913607 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) act as an important class of phytohormones to regulate plant shoot branching, and also serve as rhizosphere signals to mediate interactions of host plants with soil microbes and parasitic weeds. SL receptors in dicots, such as DWARF14 in Arabidopsis (AtD14), RMS3 in pea, and ShHTL7 in Striga, serve as unconventional receptors that hydrolyze SLs into a D-ring-derived intermediate CLIM and irreversibly bind CLIM to trigger SL signal transduction. Here, we show that D14 from the monocot rice can complement Arabidopsis d14 mutant and interact with the SL signaling components in Arabidopsis. Our results further reveal that rice D14, similar to SL receptors in dicots, also serves as an unconventional hormone receptor that generates and irreversibly binds the active form of SLs. These findings uncover the conserved functions of D14 proteins in monocots and dicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Yao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Du
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: ,
| | - Daoxin Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: ,
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109
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Wang Y, Bouwmeester HJ. Structural diversity in the strigolactones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2219-2230. [PMID: 29522118 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of signalling molecules secreted by the roots of plants into the rhizosphere. On the one hand, they serve as the signal for recruiting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which have a symbiotic relationship with plants. On the other hand, they are also host detection signals for the non-symbiotic, pathogenic, root parasitic plants, which use the SLs as germination stimulants. Finally, recently the SLs were discovered to be a new class of plant hormones that regulate processes such as branching/tillering and root architecture. Intriguingly, >25 different SLs have already been discovered that all have the so-called D-ring but otherwise display many differences in structure and functional groups. In this review, we will critically discuss the structural diversity in the SLs. How are they synthesized in plants; how has this structural diversity possibly evolved; what is the biological relevance of this diversity; and what does this imply for the perception of the SLs by receptors in the plant itself and in other organisms? Finally, we conclude that only little is known about the biological significance of this structural diversity, and we will give an outlook on how to elucidate their importance further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Plant hormone biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant hormone biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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110
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Cardinale F, Korwin Krukowski P, Schubert A, Visentin I. Strigolactones: mediators of osmotic stress responses with a potential for agrochemical manipulation of crop resilience. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2291-2303. [PMID: 29346683 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
After quickly touching upon general aspects of strigolactone biology and functions, including structure, synthesis, and perception, this review focuses on the role and regulation of the strigolactone pathway during osmotic stress, in light of the most recent research developments. We discuss available data on organ-specific dynamics of strigolactone synthesis and interaction with abscisic acid in the acclimatization response, with emphasis on the ecophysiological implications of the effects on the stomatal closure process. We highlight the importance of considering roots and shoots separately as well as combined versus individual stress treatments; and of performing reciprocal grafting experiments to work out organ contributions and long-distance signalling events and components under more realistic conditions. Finally, we elaborate on the question of if and how synthetic or natural strigolactones, alone or in combination with crop management strategies such as grafting, hold potential to maximize crop resilience to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cardinale
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Paolo Korwin Krukowski
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ivan Visentin
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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111
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Yoneyama K, Xie X, Yoneyama K, Kisugi T, Nomura T, Nakatani Y, Akiyama K, McErlean CSP. Which are the major players, canonical or non-canonical strigolactones? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018. [PMID: 29522151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) can be classified into two structurally distinct groups: canonical and non-canonical SLs. Canonical SLs contain the ABCD ring system, and non-canonical SLs lack the A, B, or C ring but have the enol ether-D ring moiety, which is essential for biological activities. The simplest non-canonical SL is the SL biosynthetic intermediate carlactone. In plants, carlactone and its oxidized metabolites, such as carlactonoic acid and methyl carlactonoate, are present in root and shoot tissues. In some plant species, including black oat (Avena strigosa), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and maize (Zea mays), non-canonical SLs in the root exudates are major germination stimulants. Various plant species, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Arabidopsis, and poplar (Populus spp.), release carlactonoic acid into the rhizosphere. These observations suggest that both canonical and non-canonical SLs act as host-recognition signals in the rhizosphere. In contrast, the limited distribution of canonical SLs in the plant kingdom, and the structure-specific and stereospecific transportation of canonical SLs from roots to shoots, suggest that plant hormones inhibiting shoot branching are not canonical SLs but, rather, are non-canonical SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takaya Kisugi
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nakatani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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112
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Wang J, Tian Y, Li J, Yang K, Xing S, Han X, Xu D, Wang Y. Transcriptome sequencing of active buds from Populus deltoides CL. and Populus × zhaiguanheibaiyang reveals phytohormones involved in branching. Genomics 2018; 111:700-709. [PMID: 29660475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Branching in woody plants affects their ecological benefits and impacts wood formation. To obtain genome-wide insights into the transcriptome changes and regulatory mechanisms associated with branching, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to characterize cDNA libraries generated from active buds of Populus deltoides CL. 'zhonglin2025' (BC) and Populus × zhaiguanheibaiyang (NC). NC has more branches than BC and rapid growth. We obtained a total of 198.2 million high-quality clean reads from the NC and BC libraries. We detected 3543 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the NC and BC libraries; 1418 were down-regulated and 2125 were up-regulated. Gene ontology functional classification of the DEGs indicated that they included 89 genes that encoded proteins related to hormone biosynthesis, 364 genes related to hormone signaling transduction, and 104 related to the auxin efflux transmembrane transporter. We validated the expression profiles of 16° by real-time quantitative PCR and found that their expression patterns were similar to those obtained from the high-throughput RNA sequencing data. We also measured the hormone content in young buds of BC and NC by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In this study, we identified global hormone regulatory patterns and differences in gene expression between NC and BC, and constructed a hormone regulatory network to explain branching in Populus buds. In addition, candidate genes that may be useful for molecular breeding of particular plant types were identified. Our results will provide a starting point for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms of branching in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Silviculture Key Lab of Shandong Province Forestry, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yanting Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Silviculture Key Lab of Shandong Province Forestry, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Silviculture Key Lab of Shandong Province Forestry, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Keqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Silviculture Key Lab of Shandong Province Forestry, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Shiyan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Silviculture Key Lab of Shandong Province Forestry, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaojiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang Province, The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, PR China.
| | - Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Silviculture Key Lab of Shandong Province Forestry, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Silviculture Key Lab of Shandong Province Forestry, College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
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113
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Gao J, Zhang T, Xu B, Jia L, Xiao B, Liu H, Liu L, Yan H, Xia Q. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutagenesis of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 8 (CCD8) in Tobacco Affects Shoot and Root Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1062. [PMID: 29614837 PMCID: PMC5979566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate plant architecture. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) genes are involved in the biosynthesis of SLs and are identified and characterized in many plants. However, the function of CCD genes in tobacco remains poorly understood. In this study, two closely related genes NtCCD8A and NtCCD8B were cloned from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The two NtCCD8 genes are orthologues of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 (SlCCD8) gene. NtCCD8A and NtCCD8B were primarily expressed in tobacco roots, but low expression levels of these genes were detected in all plant tissues, and their transcript levels significantly increased in response to phosphate limitation. NtCCD8A and NtCCD8B mutations were introduced into tobacco using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and transgenic tobacco lines for both ntccd8 mutant alleles were identified. The ntccd8a and ntccd8b mutant alleles were inactivated by a deletion of three nucleotides and insertion of one nucleotide, respectively, both of which led to the production of premature stop codons. The ntccd8 mutants had increased shoot branching, reduced plant height, increased number of leaves and nodes, and reduced total plant biomass compared to wild-type plants; however, the root-to-shoot ratio was unchanged. In addition, mutant lines had shorter primary roots and more of lateral roots than wild type. These results suggest that NtCCD8 genes are important for changes in tobacco plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Bingxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ling Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Bingguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650021, China.
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Lijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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114
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Shindo M, Shimomura K, Yamaguchi S, Umehara M. Upregulation of DWARF27 is associated with increased strigolactone levels under sulfur deficiency in rice. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00050. [PMID: 31245716 PMCID: PMC6508544 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce strigolactones (SLs) in roots in response to nitrogen or phosphate deficiency. To evaluate SL levels under other mineral deficiencies in rice, we cultivated rice seedlings in hydroponic media without nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Tiller bud outgrowth was stimulated under calcium deficiency because of low SL levels. SL levels increased under sulfur deficiency, in addition to phosphate, and nitrogen deficiencies. To explore which genes are key regulators of SL production under sulfur deficiency, we analyzed the expression of SL-related genes in sulfur-sufficient and sulfur-deficient conditions. An SL biosynthesis gene, DWARF27 (D27), was strongly expressed under sulfur deficiency, and its expression was decreased by sulfur supply. The levels of D10, D17, and OsMAX1 transcripts did not differ between sulfur-sufficient and sulfur-deficient conditions. These results suggest that the increased SL levels under sulfur deficiency are due to a high expression of D27. A combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur deficiencies had no additive synergistic effect on SL production. Under combined phosphorus and sulfur deficiency, the expression levels of most SL biosynthesis genes were elevated. The number of tiller buds in the d27 mutant was higher than in the wild type, but lower than in other d mutants. Under sulfur deficiency, the chlorophyll content of d27 was lower than those of other d mutants. These results indicate that D27 plays an important role in adaptation to sulfur deficiency in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Shindo
- Graduate School of Life SciencesToyo UniversityGunmaJapan
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115
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Rozpądek P, Domka AM, Nosek M, Ważny R, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Wiciarz M, Turnau K. The Role of Strigolactone in the Cross-Talk Between Arabidopsis thaliana and the Endophytic Fungus Mucor sp. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:441. [PMID: 29615990 PMCID: PMC5867299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years the role of fungal endophytes in plant biology has been extensively studied. A number of species were shown to positively affect plant growth and fitness, thus attempts have been made to utilize these microorganisms in agriculture and phytoremediation. Plant-fungi symbiosis requires multiple metabolic adjustments of both of the interacting organisms. The mechanisms of these adaptations are mostly unknown, however, plant hormones seem to play a central role in this process. The plant hormone strigolactone (SL) was previously shown to activate hyphae branching of mycorrhizal fungi and to negatively affect pathogenic fungi growth. Its role in the plant-endophytic fungi interaction is unknown. The effect of the synthetic SL analog GR24 on the endophytic fungi Mucor sp. growth, respiration, H2O2 production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated. We found fungi colony growth rate was decreased in a GR24 concentration dependent manner. Additionally, the fungi accumulated more H2O2 what was accompanied by an altered activity of antioxidant enzymes. Symbiosis with Mucor sp. positively affected Arabidopsis thaliana growth, but SL was necessary for the establishment of the beneficial interaction. A. thaliana biosynthesis mutants max1 and max4, but not the SL signaling mutant max2 did not develop the beneficial phenotype. The negative growth response was correlated with alterations in SA homeostasis and a significant upregulation of genes encoding selected plant defensins. The fungi were also shown to be able to decompose SL in planta and to downregulate the expression of SL biosynthesis genes. Additionally, we have shown that GR24 treatment with a dose of 1 μM activates the production of SA in A. thaliana. The results presented here provide evidence for a role of SL in the plant-endophyte cross-talk during the mutualistic interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and Mucor sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rozpądek
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka M. Domka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Monika Wiciarz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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116
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Wagatsuma T, Maejima E, Watanabe T, Toyomasu T, Kuroda M, Muranaka T, Ohyama K, Ishikawa A, Usui M, Hossain Khan S, Maruyama H, Tawaraya K, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H. Dark conditions enhance aluminum tolerance in several rice cultivars via multiple modulations of membrane sterols. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:567-577. [PMID: 29294038 PMCID: PMC5853495 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed increased Al tolerance under dark conditions, because less Al accumulated in the root tips (1 cm) under dark than under light conditions. Under dark conditions, the root tip concentration of total sterols, which generally reduce plasma membrane permeabilization, was higher in the most Al-sensitive japonica cultivar, Koshihikari (Ko), than in the most Al-tolerant cultivar, Rikuu-132 (R132), but the phospholipid content did not differ between the two. The Al treatment increased the proportion of stigmasterol (which has no ability to reduce membrane permeabilization) out of total sterols similarly in both cultivars under light conditions, but it decreased more in Ko under dark conditions. The carotenoid content in the root tip of Al-treated Ko was significantly lower under dark than under light conditions, indicating that isopentenyl diphosphate transport from the cytosol to plastids was decreased under dark conditions. HMG2 and HMG3 (encoding the key sterol biosynthetic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase) transcript levels in the root tips were enhanced under dark conditions. We suggest that the following mechanisms contribute to the increase in Al tolerance under dark conditions: inhibition of stigmasterol formation to retain membrane integrity; greater partitioning of isopentenyl diphosphate for sterol biosynthesis; and enhanced expression of HMGs to increase sterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Wagatsuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Eriko Maejima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Masami Usui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | | | - Hayato Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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117
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Boutet-Mercey S, Perreau F, Roux A, Clavé G, Pillot JP, Schmitz-Afonso I, Touboul D, Mouille G, Rameau C, Boyer FD. Validated Method for Strigolactone Quantification by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionisation Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Novel Deuterium Labelled Standards. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:59-68. [PMID: 28851101 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Strigolactones (SLs) are important plant hormones. They are difficult to analyse because they occur in very small concentrations especially in comparison with other plant hormones and other substances can interfere with their detection. OBJECTIVE To develop a procedure for the extraction, purification and quantification of SLs from plant roots. METHODOLOGY Samples were prepared by extraction of plant root tissues with ethyl acetate. Then the extracts were further purified with silica column chromatography. The natural SLs in the final extracts were quantified using novel deuterium labelled SLs. The results of the methodology were compared with those of the procedure of Yoneyama and coworkers. RESULTS This procedure required about 1-g root samples to detect and quantify simultaneously the SLs (orobanchyl acetate and fabacyl acetate) concentration with high reliability. CONCLUSION A method was developed for determining endogenous fabacyl acetate and orobanchyl acetate in plant tissue based on novel deuterium labelled standards. A method of orobanchol quantification using a synthetic SL GR24 as internal standard was proposed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - François Perreau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Amélie Roux
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Clavé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pillot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and Univ Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, FR3038, IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesnière, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France
| | - David Touboul
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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118
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Rehman NU, Ali M, Ahmad MZ, Liang G, Zhao J. Strigolactones promote rhizobia interaction and increase nodulation in soybean (Glycine max). Microb Pathog 2018; 114:420-430. [PMID: 29191709 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) play an important role in controlling root growth, shoot branching, and plant-symbionts interaction. Despite the importance, the components of SL biosynthesis and signaling have not been unequivocally explored in soybean. Here we identified the putative components of SL synthesis enzymes GmMAX1a and GmMAX4a with tissue expression patterns and were apparently regulated by rhizobia infection and changed during nodule development. GmMAX1a and GmMAX4a were further characterized in soybean nodulation with knockdown transgenic hairy roots. GmMAX1a and GmMAX4a knockdown lines exhibit decreased nodule number and expression levels of several nodulation genes required for nodule development. Hormone analysis showed that GmMAX1a and GmMAX4a knockdown hairy roots had increased physiological level of ABA and JA but significantly decreased auxin content. This study not only revealed the conservation of SL biosynthesis but also showed close interactions between SL and other hormone signaling in controlling plant development and legume-rhizobia interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Mohammed Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China
| | - Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; State Key Lab of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, China
| | - Guo Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, China; State Key Lab of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, China.
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119
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Schlemper TR, Leite MFA, Lucheta AR, Shimels M, Bouwmeester HJ, van Veen JA, Kuramae EE. Rhizobacterial community structure differences among sorghum cultivars in different growth stages and soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:4002672. [PMID: 28830071 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant genotype selects the rhizosphere microbiome. The success of plant-microbe interactions is dependent on factors that directly or indirectly influence the plant rhizosphere microbial composition. We investigated the rhizosphere bacterial community composition of seven different sorghum cultivars in two different soil types (abandoned (CF) and agricultural (VD)). The rhizosphere bacterial community was evaluated at four different plant growth stages: emergence of the second (day 10) and third leaves (day 20), the transition between the vegetative and reproductive stages (day 35), and the emergence of the last visible leaf (day 50). At early stages (days 10 and 20), the sorghum rhizosphere bacterial community composition was mainly driven by soil type, whereas at late stages (days 35 and 50), the bacterial community composition was also affected by the sorghum genotype. Although this effect of sorghum genotype was small, different sorghum cultivars assembled significantly different bacterial community compositions. In CF soil, the striga-resistant cultivar had significantly higher relative abundances of Acidobacteria GP1, Burkholderia, Cupriavidus (Burkholderiaceae), Acidovorax and Albidiferax (Comamonadaceae) than the other six cultivars. This study is the first to simultaneously investigate the contributions of plant genotype, plant growth stage and soil type in shaping sorghum rhizosphere bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R Schlemper
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Márcio F A Leite
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Agroecology, Maranhão State University, 65055-970 São Luis, Brazil
| | - Adriano R Lucheta
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mahdere Shimels
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UVA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A van Veen
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
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120
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Haq BUI, Ahmad MZ, ur Rehman N, Wang J, Li P, Li D, Zhao J. Functional characterization of soybean strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes in Arabidopsis MAX mutants and GmMAX3 in soybean nodulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:259. [PMID: 29268717 PMCID: PMC5740752 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strigolactones (SLs) play important roles in controlling root growth, shoot branching, and plant-symbionts interaction. Despite the importance, the components of SL biosynthesis and signaling have not been unequivocally explored in soybean. RESULTS Here we identified the putative components of SL synthetic enzymes and signaling proteins in soybean genome. Soybean genome contains conserved MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING (MAX) orthologs, GmMAX1s, GmMAX2s, GmMAX3s, and GmMAX4s. The tissue expression patterns are coincident with SL synthesis in roots and signaling in other tissues under normal conditions. GmMAX1a, GmMAX2a, GmMAX3b, and GmMAX4a expression in their Arabidopsis orthologs' mutants not only restored most characteristic phenotypes, such as shoot branching and shoot height, leaf shape, primary root length, and root hair growth, but also restored the significantly changed hormone contents, such as reduced JA and ABA contents in all mutant leaves, but increased auxin levels in atmax1, atmax3 and atmax4 mutants. Overexpression of these GmMAXs also altered the hormone contents in wild-type Arabidopsis. GmMAX3b was further characterized in soybean nodulation with overexpression and knockdown transgenic hairy roots. GmMAX3b overexpression (GmMAX3b-OE) lines exhibited increased nodule number while GmMAX3b knockdown (GmMAX3b-KD) decreased the nodule number in transgenic hairy roots. The expression levels of several key nodulation genes were also altered in GmMAX3b transgenic hairy roots. GmMAX3b overexpression hairy roots had reduced ABA, but increased JA levels, with no significantly changed auxin content, while the contrast changes were observed in GmMAX3b-KD lines. Global gene expression in GmMAX3b-OE or GmMAX3b-KD hairy roots also revealed that altered expression of GmMAX3b in soybean hairy roots changed several subsets of genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling and transcriptional regulation of nodulation processes. CONCLUSIONS This study not only revealed the conservation of SL biosynthesis and signaling in soybean, but also showed possible interactions between SL and other hormone synthesis and signaling during controlling plant development and soybean nodulation. GmMAX3b-mediated SL biosynthesis and signaling may be involved in soybean nodulation by affecting both root hair formation and its interaction with rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basir UI Haq
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Naveed ur Rehman
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Junjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Dongqin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430075 China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
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Lantzouni O, Klermund C, Schwechheimer C. Largely additive effects of gibberellin and strigolactone on gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:924-938. [PMID: 28977719 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and strigolactone (SL) are involved in essential processes in plant development. Both GA and SL signal transduction mechanisms employ α/β-hydrolase-derived receptors that confer E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated protein degradation processes. This suggests a common evolutionary origin of these pathways and possibly a molecular interaction between them. One such indication stems from rice, where the DELLA protein of the GA pathway was reported to interact with the SL receptor. Here, we examine the physiological interaction between both pathways through the analysis of GA (ga1) and SL biosynthesis (max1 and max3) mutants. In ga1 max double mutants, we find indications only for additive interactions when examining several phenotypic readouts. We further identify short-term transcriptional responses to GA and the synthetic SL rac-GR24 through next-generation sequencing of poly-adenylated RNAs (RNA-seq) in ga1 max1. Remarkably, both hormones lead to predominantly additive transcriptional changes of a largely overlapping set of genes. The expression of only a few genes was altered in a synergistic manner but, interestingly, these include the genes encoding the GA catabolic enzyme GA2 OXIDASE2 (GA2ox2) as well as the SL pathway regulators BRANCHED1 (BRC1) and SUPPRESSOR OF max2 1-LIKE8 (SMXL8). We conclude that GA and rac-GR24 signaling in Arabidopsis seedlings converge at the level of transcription of a common gene-set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Lantzouni
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Carina Klermund
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
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122
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Recent advances in molecular basis for strigolactone action. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 61:277-284. [PMID: 29116554 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a very special class of plant hormones, which act as endogenous signals to regulate shoot branching in plants, and also serve as rhizosphere signals to regulate interactions of host plants with heterologous organisms such as symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic weeds. In this short review, we give a brief description of novel discoveries in SL biosynthesis pathway, and mainly summarize the recent advances in SL perception and signal transduction.
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123
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Wei W, Tao JJ, Chen HW, Li QT, Zhang WK, Ma B, Lin Q, Zhang JS, Chen SY. A Histone Code Reader and a Transcriptional Activator Interact to Regulate Genes for Salt Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1304-1320. [PMID: 28874519 PMCID: PMC5664453 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins are involved in various developmental processes and stress responses. They recognize and bind to epigenetically modified histone H3 tail and function as histone code readers. Here we report that GmPHD6 reads low methylated histone H3K4me0/1/2 but not H3K4me3 with its N-terminal domain instead of the PHD finger. GmPHD6 does not possess transcriptional regulatory ability but has DNA-binding ability. Through the PHD finger, GmPHD6 interacts with its coactivator, LHP1-1/2, to form a transcriptional activation complex. Using a transgenic hairy root system, we demonstrate that overexpression of GmPHD6 improves stress tolerance in soybean (Glycinemax) plants. Knocking down the LHP1 expression disrupts this role of GmPHD6, indicating that GmPHD6 requires LHP1 functions during stress response. GmPHD6 influences expression of dozens of stress-related genes. Among these, we identified three targets of GmPHD6, including ABA-stress-ripening-induced CYP75B1 and CYP82C4 Overexpression of each gene confers stress tolerance in soybean plants. GmPHD6 is recruited to H3K4me0/1/2 marks and recognizes the G-rich elements in target gene promoters, whereas LHP1 activates expression of these targets. Our study reveals a mechanism involving two partners in a complex. Manipulation of the genes in this pathway should improve stress tolerance in soybean or other legumes/crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao-Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing-Tian Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Park J, Lee Y, Martinoia E, Geisler M. Plant hormone transporters: what we know and what we would like to know. BMC Biol 2017; 15:93. [PMID: 29070024 PMCID: PMC5655956 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone transporters are crucial for plant hormone action, which is underlined by severe developmental and physiological impacts caused by their loss-of-function mutations. Here, we summarize recent knowledge on the individual roles of plant hormone transporters in local and long-distance transport. Our inventory reveals that many hormones are transported by members of distinct transporter classes, with an apparent dominance of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family and of the Nitrate transport1/Peptide transporter family (NPF). The current need to explore further hormone transporter regulation, their functional interaction, transport directionalities, and substrate specificities is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA.
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute for Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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125
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De Cuyper C, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones in the Rhizosphere: Friend or Foe? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:683-690. [PMID: 28598262 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-17-0051-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are well-known endogenous plant hormones that play a major role in planta by influencing different physiological processes. Moreover, ex planta, strigolactones are important signaling molecules in root exudates and function as host detection cues to launch mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. However, parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family hijacked this communication system to stimulate their seed germination when in close proximity to the roots of a suitable host. As a result, the secretion of strigolactones by the plant can have both favorable and detrimental outcomes. Here, we discuss these dual positive and negative effects of strigolactones and we provide a detailed overview on the role of these molecules in the complex dialogs between plants and different organisms in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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126
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127
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De Cuyper C, Struk S, Braem L, Gevaert K, De Jaeger G, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones, karrikins and beyond. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1691-1703. [PMID: 28558130 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormones strigolactones are synthesized from carotenoids and signal via the α/β hydrolase DWARF 14 (D14) and the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2). Karrikins, molecules produced upon fire, share MAX2 for signalling, but depend on the D14 paralog KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) for perception with strong evidence that the MAX2-KAI2 protein complex might also recognize so far unknown plant-made karrikin-like molecules. Thus, the phenotypes of the max2 mutants are the complex consequence of a loss of both D14-dependent and KAI2-dependent signalling, hence, the reason why some biological roles, attributed to strigolactones based on max2 phenotypes, could never be observed in d14 or in the strigolactone-deficient max3 and max4 mutants. Moreover, the broadly used synthetic strigolactone analog rac-GR24 has been shown to mimic strigolactone as well as karrikin(-like) signals, providing an extra level of complexity in the distinction of the unique and common roles of both molecules in plant biology. Here, a critical overview is provided of the diverse biological processes regulated by strigolactones and/or karrikins. These two growth regulators are considered beyond their boundaries, and the importance of the yet unknown karrikin-like molecules is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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128
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Bythell-Douglas R, Rothfels CJ, Stevenson DWD, Graham SW, Wong GKS, Nelson DC, Bennett T. Evolution of strigolactone receptors by gradual neo-functionalization of KAI2 paralogues. BMC Biol 2017; 15:52. [PMID: 28662667 PMCID: PMC5490202 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that control many aspects of plant growth. The SL signalling mechanism is homologous to that of karrikins (KARs), smoke-derived compounds that stimulate seed germination. In angiosperms, the SL receptor is an α/β-hydrolase known as DWARF14 (D14); its close homologue, KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), functions as a KAR receptor and likely recognizes an uncharacterized, endogenous signal (‘KL’). Previous phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the KAI2 lineage is ancestral in land plants, and that canonical D14-type SL receptors only arose in seed plants; this is paradoxical, however, as non-vascular plants synthesize and respond to SLs. Results We have used a combination of phylogenetic and structural approaches to re-assess the evolution of the D14/KAI2 family in land plants. We analysed 339 members of the D14/KAI2 family from land plants and charophyte algae. Our phylogenetic analyses show that the divergence between the eu-KAI2 lineage and the DDK (D14/DLK2/KAI2) lineage that includes D14 occurred very early in land plant evolution. We show that eu-KAI2 proteins are highly conserved, and have unique features not found in DDK proteins. Conversely, we show that DDK proteins show considerable sequence and structural variation to each other, and lack clearly definable characteristics. We use homology modelling to show that the earliest members of the DDK lineage structurally resemble KAI2 and that SL receptors in non-seed plants likely do not have D14-like structure. We also show that certain groups of DDK proteins lack the otherwise conserved MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2) interface, and may thus function independently of MAX2, which we show is highly conserved throughout land plant evolution. Conclusions Our results suggest that D14-like structure is not required for SL perception, and that SL perception has relatively relaxed structural requirements compared to KAI2-mediated signalling. We suggest that SL perception gradually evolved by neo-functionalization within the DDK lineage, and that the transition from KAI2-like to D14-like protein may have been driven by interactions with protein partners, rather than being required for SL perception per se. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0397-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bythell-Douglas
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7, UK
| | - Carl J Rothfels
- Integrative Biology, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | | | - Sean W Graham
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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129
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Dvorakova M, Soudek P, Vanek T. Triazolide Strigolactone Mimics Influence Root Development in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1318-1327. [PMID: 28422493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are the most recently recognized class of phytohormones, which are also known to establish plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorhizal fungi or induce germination of parasitic plants. Their relatively complex structures and low stability urgently calls for simple derivatives with maintained biological function. We have prepared a series of triazolide strigolactone mimics and studied their ability to affect root development of Arabidopsis thaliana. The strigolactone mimics significantly induced root elongation and lateral root formation while resembling the effect of the reference compound GR24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Soudek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, Prague 6 16502, Czech Republic
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130
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Abstract
Strigolactones are a structurally diverse class of plant hormones that control many aspects of shoot and root growth. Strigolactones are also exuded by plants into the rhizosphere, where they promote symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and germination of root parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family. Therefore, understanding how strigolactones are made, transported, and perceived may lead to agricultural innovations as well as a deeper knowledge of how plants function. Substantial progress has been made in these areas over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms, core developmental roles, and evolutionary history of strigolactone signaling. We also propose potential translational applications of strigolactone research to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521;
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131
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Gobena D, Shimels M, Rich PJ, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H, Kanuganti S, Mengiste T, Ejeta G. Mutation in sorghum LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1 alters strigolactones and causes Striga resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4471-4476. [PMID: 28396420 PMCID: PMC5410831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618965114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Striga is a major biotic constraint to sorghum production in semiarid tropical Africa and Asia. Genetic resistance to this parasitic weed is the most economically feasible control measure. Mutant alleles at the LGS1 (LOW GERMINATION STIMULANT 1) locus drastically reduce Striga germination stimulant activity. We provide evidence that the responsible gene at LGS1 codes for an enzyme annotated as a sulfotransferase and show that functional loss of this gene results in a change of the dominant strigolactone (SL) in root exudates from 5-deoxystrigol, a highly active Striga germination stimulant, to orobanchol, an SL with opposite stereochemistry. Orobanchol, although not previously reported in sorghum, functions in the multiple SL roles required for normal growth and environmental responsiveness but does not stimulate germination of Striga This work describes the identification of a gene regulating Striga resistance and the underlying protective chemistry resulting from mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gobena
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Mahdere Shimels
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J Rich
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Satish Kanuganti
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Gebisa Ejeta
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
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132
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Mishra S, Upadhyay S, Shukla RK. The Role of Strigolactones and Their Potential Cross-talk under Hostile Ecological Conditions in Plants. Front Physiol 2017; 7:691. [PMID: 28119634 PMCID: PMC5222854 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The changing environment always questions the survival mechanism of life on earth. The plant being special in the sense of their sessile habit need to face many of these environmental fluctuations as they have a lesser escape option. To counter these adverse conditions, plants have developed efficient sensing, signaling, and response mechanism. Among them the role of phytohormones in the management of hostile ecological situations is remarkable. The strigolactone, a newly emerged plant hormone has been identified with many functions such as growth stimulant of parasitic plants, plant architecture determinant, arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis promoter, and also in many other developmental and environmental cues. Despite of their immense developmental potential, the strigolactone research in the last few years has also established their significance in adverse environmental condition. In the current review, its significance under drought, salinity, nutrient starvation, temperature, and pathogenic assail has been discussed. This review also opens the research prospects of strigolactone to better manage the crop loss under hostile ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mishra
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Upadhyay
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
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133
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Bennett T, Liang Y, Seale M, Ward S, Müller D, Leyser O. Strigolactone regulates shoot development through a core signalling pathway. Biol Open 2016; 5:1806-1820. [PMID: 27793831 PMCID: PMC5200909 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are a recently identified class of hormone that regulate multiple aspects of plant development. The DWARF14 (D14) α/β fold protein has been identified as a strigolactone receptor, which can act through the SCFMAX2 ubiquitin ligase, but the universality of this mechanism is not clear. Multiple proteins have been suggested as targets for strigolactone signalling, including both direct proteolytic targets of SCFMAX2, and downstream targets. However, the relevance and importance of these proteins to strigolactone signalling in many cases has not been fully established. Here we assess the contribution of these targets to strigolactone signalling in adult shoot developmental responses. We find that all examined strigolactone responses are regulated by SCFMAX2 and D14, and not by other D14-like proteins. We further show that all examined strigolactone responses likely depend on degradation of SMXL proteins in the SMXL6 clade, and not on the other proposed proteolytic targets BES1 or DELLAs. Taken together, our results suggest that in the adult shoot, the dominant mode of strigolactone signalling is D14-initiated, MAX2-mediated degradation of SMXL6-related proteins. We confirm that the BRANCHED1 transcription factor and the PIN-FORMED1 auxin efflux carrier are plausible downstream targets of this pathway in the regulation of shoot branching, and show that BRC1 likely acts in parallel to PIN1. Summary: Strigolactones signal through D14 to regulate shoot development by targeting SMXL6-clade proteins, but not BES1 or DELLA proteins, for degradation. BRC1 and PIN1 plausibly act downstream to regulate branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Bennett
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Madeleine Seale
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sally Ward
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Dörte Müller
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK .,Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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134
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Visentin I, Vitali M, Ferrero M, Zhang Y, Ruyter-Spira C, Novák O, Strnad M, Lovisolo C, Schubert A, Cardinale F. Low levels of strigolactones in roots as a component of the systemic signal of drought stress in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:954-963. [PMID: 27716937 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) contribute to drought acclimatization in shoots, because SL-depleted plants are hypersensitive to drought due to stomatal hyposensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). However, under drought, SL biosynthesis is repressed in roots, suggesting organ specificity in their metabolism and role. Because SL can be transported acropetally, such a drop may also affect shoots, as a systemic indication of stress. We investigated this hypothesis by analysing molecularly and physiologically wild-type (WT) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) scions grafted onto SL-depleted rootstocks, compared with self-grafted WT and SL-depleted genotypes, during a drought time-course. Shoots receiving few SL from the roots behaved as if under mild stress even if irrigated. Their stomata were hypersensitive to ABA (likely via a localized enhancement of SL synthesis in shoots). Exogenous SL also enhanced stomata sensitivity to ABA. As the partial shift of SL synthesis from roots to shoots mimics what happens under drought, a reduction of root-produced SL might represent a systemic signal unlinked from shootward ABA translocation, and sufficient to prime the plant for better stress avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Visentin
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, DISAFA - Turin University, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Marco Vitali
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, DISAFA - Turin University, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferrero
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, DISAFA - Turin University, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, DISAFA - Turin University, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, DISAFA - Turin University, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, DISAFA - Turin University, Grugliasco, 10095, TO, Italy
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135
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Lacombe B, Achard P. Long-distance transport of phytohormones through the plant vascular system. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 34:1-8. [PMID: 27340874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are a group of low abundance molecules that activate various metabolic and developmental processes in response to environmental and endogenous signals. Like animal hormones, plant hormones often have distinct source and target tissues, hence ensuring long-range communication at the whole-plant level. Plants rely on various hormone distribution mechanisms depending on the distance and the direction of the transport. Here, we highlight the recent findings on the long-distance movement of plant hormones within the vasculature, from the physiological role to the molecular mechanism of the transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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136
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Xie X. Structural diversity of strigolactones and their distribution in the plant kingdom. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2016; 41:175-180. [PMID: 30363158 PMCID: PMC6140701 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.j16-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant secondary metabolites that were first identified as germination stimulants for the root parasitic weeds witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.). In the rhizosphere, SLs also promote root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In plants, SLs as a novel class of plant hormones regulate various aspects of plant growth and development. Herein I discuss structural diversity of naturally occurring SLs and their distribution in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya 321–8505, Japan
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137
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Kameoka H, Dun EA, Lopez-Obando M, Brewer PB, de Saint Germain A, Rameau C, Beveridge CA, Kyozuka J. Phloem Transport of the Receptor DWARF14 Protein Is Required for Full Function of Strigolactones. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1844-1852. [PMID: 27670819 PMCID: PMC5100793 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell-to-cell transport of signaling molecules is essential for multicellular organisms to coordinate the action of their cells. Recent studies identified DWARF14 (D14) as a receptor of strigolactones (SLs), molecules that act as plant hormones and inhibit shoot branching. Here, we demonstrate that RAMOSUS3, a pea ortholog of D14, works as a graft-transmissible signal to suppress shoot branching. In addition, we show that D14 protein is contained in phloem sap and transported through the phloem to axillary buds in rice. SLs are not required for the transport of D14 protein. Disruption of D14 transport weakens the suppression of axillary bud outgrowth of rice. Taken together, we conclude that the D14 protein works as an intercellular signaling molecule to fine-tune SL function. Our findings provide evidence that the intercellular transport of a receptor can regulate the action of plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.K., J.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (E.A.D., P.B.B., C.A.B.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France (M.L.-O., A.d.S.G., C.R.)
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.K., J.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (E.A.D., P.B.B., C.A.B.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France (M.L.-O., A.d.S.G., C.R.)
| | - Mauricio Lopez-Obando
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.K., J.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (E.A.D., P.B.B., C.A.B.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France (M.L.-O., A.d.S.G., C.R.)
| | - Philip B Brewer
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.K., J.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (E.A.D., P.B.B., C.A.B.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France (M.L.-O., A.d.S.G., C.R.)
| | - Alexandre de Saint Germain
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.K., J.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (E.A.D., P.B.B., C.A.B.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France (M.L.-O., A.d.S.G., C.R.)
| | - Catherine Rameau
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.K., J.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (E.A.D., P.B.B., C.A.B.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France (M.L.-O., A.d.S.G., C.R.)
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.K., J.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (E.A.D., P.B.B., C.A.B.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France (M.L.-O., A.d.S.G., C.R.)
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (H.K., J.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia (E.A.D., P.B.B., C.A.B.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France (M.L.-O., A.d.S.G., C.R.)
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138
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Rinne PLH, Paul LK, Vahala J, Kangasjärvi J, van der Schoot C. Axillary buds are dwarfed shoots that tightly regulate GA pathway and GA-inducible 1,3-β-glucanase genes during branching in hybrid aspen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5975-5991. [PMID: 27697786 PMCID: PMC5100014 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Axillary buds (AXBs) of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×P. tremuloides) contain a developing dwarfed shoot that becomes para-dormant at the bud maturation point. Para-dormant AXBs can grow out after stem decapitation, while dormant AXBs pre-require long-term chilling to release them from dormancy. The latter is mediated by gibberellin (GA)-regulated 1,3-β-glucanases, but it is unknown if GA is also important in the development, activation, and outgrowth of para-dormant AXBs. The present data show that para-dormant AXBs up-regulate GA receptor genes during their maturation, but curtail GA biosynthesis by down-regulating the rate-limiting GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE2 (GA3ox2), which is characteristically expressed in the growing apex. However, decapitation significantly up-regulated GA3ox2 and GA4-responsive 1,3-β-glucanases (GH17-family; α-clade). In contrast, decapitation down-regulated γ-clade 1,3-β-glucanases, which were strongly up-regulated in maturing AXBs concomitant with lipid body accumulation. Overexpression of selected GH17 members in hybrid aspen resulted in characteristic branching patterns. The α-clade member induced an acropetal branching pattern, whereas the γ-clade member activated AXBs in recurrent flushes during transient cessation of apex proliferation. The results support a model in which curtailing the final step in GA biosynthesis dwarfs the embryonic shoot, while high levels of GA precursors and GA receptors keep AXBs poised for growth. GA signaling, induced by decapitation, reinvigorates symplasmic supply routes through GA-inducible 1,3-β-glucanases that hydrolyze callose at sieve plates and plasmodesmata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi L H Rinne
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Laju K Paul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jorma Vahala
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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139
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Khosla A, Nelson DC. Strigolactones, super hormones in the fight against Striga. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:57-63. [PMID: 27318656 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones that control diverse aspects of plant growth, but are also exuded into soil as recruitment signals for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi interactions. Highly damaging parasitic weeds in the Orobanchaceae family have coopted strigolactones as germination cues that indicate the presence of a host. Recent studies have established how strigolactones are actively transported within and out of plants. Key components of the strigolactone signaling system have been identified, including strigolactone receptors in angiosperms and parasites, as well as downstream targets that are polyubiquitinated and proteolyzed following strigolactone perception. The basis for protein-protein interactions among these signaling components has also been explored. We propose several strategies to translate current knowledge of strigolactone transport and signaling into parasite control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashima Khosla
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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140
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Abstract
Plant hormones (phytohormones) integrate endogenous and exogenous signals thus synchronizing plant growth with environmental and developmental changes. Similar to animals, phytohormones have distinct source and target tissues, hence controlled transport and focused targeting are required for their functions. Many evidences accumulated in the last years about the regulation of long-distance and directional transport of phytohormones. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters turned out to play major roles in routing phytohormones not only in the plant body but also towards the outer environment. The ABCG-type proteins ABCG25 and ABCG40 are high affinity abscisic acid (ABA) transporters. ABCG14 is highly co-expressed with cytokinin biosynthesis and is the major root-to-shoot cytokinin transporter. Pleiotropic drug resistance1 (PDR1) from Petunia hybrida transports strigolactones (SLs) from the root tip to the plant shoot but also outside to the rhizosphere, where SLs are the main attractants to mycorrhizal fungi. Last but not least, ABCG36 and ABCG37 possibly play a dual role in coumarine and IBA transport.
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141
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Bouain N, Doumas P, Rouached H. Recent Advances in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the Root System Response to Phosphate Deficiency in Arabidopsis. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:308-4. [PMID: 27499680 PMCID: PMC4955032 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160331201812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is the major form of P taken up from the soil by plant roots. It is well established that under Pi deficiency condition, plant roots undergo striking morphological changes; mainly a reduction in primary root length while increase in lateral root length as well as root hair length and density. This typical phenotypic change reflects complex interactions with other nutrients such as iron, and involves the activity of a large spectrum of plant hormones. Although, several key proteins involved in the regulation of root growth under Pi-deficiency have been identified in Arabidopsis, how plants adapt roots system architecture in response to Pi availability remains an open question. In the current post-genomic era, state of the art technologies like high-throughput phenotyping and sequencing platforms,"omics" methods, together with the widespread use of system biology and genome-wide association studies will help to elucidate the genetic architectures of root growth on different Pi regimes. It is clear that the large-scale characterization of molecular systems will improve our understanding of nutrient stress phenotype and biology. Herein, we summarize the recent advances and future directions towards a better understanding of Arabidopsis root developmental programs functional under Pi deficiency. Such a progress is necessary to devise strategies to improve the Pi use efficiency in plants that is an important issue for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouain
- INRA, UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Campus INRA/SupAgro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2,France
| | - Patrick Doumas
- INRA, UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Campus INRA/SupAgro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2,France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- INRA, UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Campus INRA/SupAgro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2,France
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142
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Hasan MM, Hasan MM, Teixeira da Silva JA, Li X. Regulation of phosphorus uptake and utilization: transitioning from current knowledge to practical strategies. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2016; 21:7. [PMID: 28536610 PMCID: PMC5415736 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-016-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is a poorly bioavailable macronutrient that is essential for crop growth and yield. Overuse of phosphorus fertilizers results in low phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), has serious environmental consequences and accelerates the depletion of phosphorus mineral reserves. It has become extremely challenging to improve PUE while preserving global food supplies and maintaining environmental sustainability. Molecular and genetic analyses have revealed the primary mechanisms of phosphorus uptake and utilization and their relationships to phosphorus transporters, regulators, root architecture, metabolic adaptations, quantitative trait loci, hormonal signaling and microRNA. The ability to improve PUE requires a transition from this knowledge of molecular mechanisms and plant architecture to practical strategies. These could include: i) the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbioses for efficient phosphorus mining and uptake; ii) intercropping with suitable crop species to achieve phosphorus activation and mobilization in the soil; and iii) tissue-specific overexpression of homologous genes with advantageous agronomic properties for higher PUE along with breeding for phosphorus-efficient varieties and introgression of key quantitative trait loci. More effort is required to further dissect the mechanisms controlling phosphorus uptake and utilization within plants and provide new insight into the means to efficiently improve PUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahmudul Hasan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Md. Mainul Hasan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali Bangladesh
| | | | - Xuexian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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143
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Liang Y, Ward S, Li P, Bennett T, Leyser O. SMAX1-LIKE7 Signals from the Nucleus to Regulate Shoot Development in Arabidopsis via Partially EAR Motif-Independent Mechanisms. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:1581-601. [PMID: 27317673 PMCID: PMC4981136 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are hormonal signals that regulate multiple aspects of shoot architecture, including shoot branching. Like many plant hormonal signaling systems, SLs act by promoting ubiquitination of target proteins and their subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation. Recently, SMXL6, SMXL7, and SMXL8, members of the SMAX1-LIKE (SMXL) family of chaperonin-like proteins, have been identified as proteolytic targets of SL signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana However, the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate downstream events remain largely unclear. Here, we show that SMXL7 functions in the nucleus, as does the SL receptor, DWARF14 (D14). We show that nucleus-localized D14 can physically interact with both SMXL7 and the MAX2 F-box protein in a SL-dependent manner and that disruption of specific conserved domains in SMXL7 affects its localization, SL-induced degradation, and activity. By expressing and overexpressing these SMXL7 protein variants, we show that shoot tissues are broadly sensitive to SMXL7 activity, but degradation normally buffers the effect of increasing SMXL7 expression. SMXL7 contains a well-conserved EAR (ETHYLENE-RESPONSE FACTOR Amphiphilic Repression) motif, which contributes to, but is not essential for, SMXL7 functionality. Intriguingly, different developmental processes show differential sensitivity to the loss of the EAR motif, raising the possibility that there may be several distinct mechanisms at play downstream of SMXL7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sally Ward
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tom Bennett
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
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144
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Walton A, Stes E, Goeminne G, Braem L, Vuylsteke M, Matthys C, De Cuyper C, Staes A, Vandenbussche J, Boyer FD, Vanholme R, Fromentin J, Boerjan W, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. The Response of the Root Proteome to the Synthetic Strigolactone GR24 in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2744-55. [PMID: 27317401 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant metabolites that act as phytohormones and rhizosphere signals. Whereas most research on unraveling the action mechanisms of strigolactones is focused on plant shoots, we investigated proteome adaptation during strigolactone signaling in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Through large-scale, time-resolved, and quantitative proteomics, the impact of the strigolactone analog rac-GR24 was elucidated on the root proteome of the wild type and the signaling mutant more axillary growth 2 (max2). Our study revealed a clear MAX2-dependent rac-GR24 response: an increase in abundance of enzymes involved in flavonol biosynthesis, which was reduced in the max2-1 mutant. Mass spectrometry-driven metabolite profiling and thin-layer chromatography experiments demonstrated that these changes in protein expression lead to the accumulation of specific flavonols. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the flavonol-related protein expression profile was caused by rac-GR24-induced changes in transcript levels of the corresponding genes. This induction of flavonol production was shown to be activated by the two pure enantiomers that together make up rac-GR24. Finally, our data provide much needed clues concerning the multiple roles played by MAX2 in the roots and a comprehensive view of the rac-GR24-induced response in the root proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Walton
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lukas Braem
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Cedrick Matthys
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolien De Cuyper
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Vandenbussche
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- ‡‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; §§AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Equipe de Recherche Labellisée Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, 78026 Versailles, France; ¶¶Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Fromentin
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; ‖‖Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 441, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; and Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2594, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Wout Boerjan
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- ¶Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- From the ‡Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; §Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
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145
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Flematti GR, Scaffidi A, Waters MT, Smith SM. Stereospecificity in strigolactone biosynthesis and perception. PLANTA 2016; 243:1361-73. [PMID: 27105887 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce strigolactones with different structures and different stereospecificities which provides the potential for diversity and flexibility of function. Strigolactones (SLs) typically comprise a tricyclic ABC ring system linked through an enol-ether bridge to a butenolide D-ring. The stereochemistry of the butenolide ring is conserved but two alternative configurations of the B-C ring junction leads to two families of SLs, exemplified by strigol and orobanchol. Further modifications lead to production of many different strigolactones within each family. The D-ring structure is established by a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase producing a single stereoisomer of carlactone, the likely precursor of all SLs. Subsequent oxidation involves cytochrome P450 enzymes of the MAX1 family. In rice, MAX1 enzymes act stereospecifically to produce 4-deoxyorobanchol and orobanchol. Strigol- and orobanchol-type SLs have different activities in the control of seed germination and shoot branching, depending on plant species. This can partly be explained by different stereospecificity of SL receptors which includes the KAI2/HTL protein family in parasitic plants and the D14 protein functioning in shoot development. Many studies use chemically synthesised SL analogues such as GR24 which is prepared as a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers, one with the same stereo-configuration as strigol, and the other its enantiomer, which does not correspond to any known SL. In Arabidopsis, these two stereoisomers are preferentially perceived by AtD14 and KAI2, respectively, which activate different developmental pathways. Thus caution should be exercised in the use of SL racemic mixtures, while conversely the use of specific stereoisomers can provide powerful tools and yield critical information about receptors and signalling pathways in operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R Flematti
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Adrian Scaffidi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Steven M Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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146
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Borghi L, Liu GW, Emonet A, Kretzschmar T, Martinoia E. The importance of strigolactone transport regulation for symbiotic signaling and shoot branching. PLANTA 2016; 243:1351-60. [PMID: 27040840 PMCID: PMC4875938 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the role of strigolactone transport in regulating plant root and shoot architecture, plant-fungal symbiosis and the crosstalk with several phytohormone pathways. The authors, based on their data and recently published results, suggest that long-distance, as well local strigolactone transport might occur in a cell-to-cell manner rather than via the xylem stream. Strigolactones (SLs) are recently characterized carotenoid-derived phytohormones. They play multiple roles in plant architecture and, once exuded from roots to soil, in plant-rhizosphere interactions. Above ground SLs regulate plant developmental processes, such as lateral bud outgrowth, internode elongation and stem secondary growth. Below ground, SLs are involved in lateral root initiation, main root elongation and the establishment of the plant-fungal symbiosis known as mycorrhiza. Much has been discovered on players and patterns of SL biosynthesis and signaling and shown to be largely conserved among different plant species, however little is known about SL distribution in plants and its transport from the root to the soil. At present, the only characterized SL transporters are the ABCG protein PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 1 from Petunia axillaris (PDR1) and, in less detail, its close homologue from Nicotiana tabacum PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE 6 (PDR6). PDR1 is a plasma membrane-localized SL cellular exporter, expressed in root cortex and shoot axils. Its expression level is regulated by its own substrate, but also by the phytohormone auxin, soil nutrient conditions (mainly phosphate availability) and mycorrhization levels. Hence, PDR1 integrates information from nutrient availability and hormonal signaling, thus synchronizing plant growth with nutrient uptake. In this review we discuss the effects of PDR1 de-regulation on plant development and mycorrhization, the possible cross-talk between SLs and other phytohormone transporters and finally the need for SL transporters in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Faculté de biologie et médecine, Département de biologie moléculaire végétale, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology, 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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147
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Madmon O, Mazuz M, Kumari P, Dam A, Ion A, Mayzlish-Gati E, Belausov E, Wininger S, Abu-Abied M, McErlean CSP, Bromhead LJ, Perl-Treves R, Prandi C, Kapulnik Y, Koltai H. Expression of MAX2 under SCARECROW promoter enhances the strigolactone/MAX2 dependent response of Arabidopsis roots to low-phosphate conditions. PLANTA 2016; 243:1419-1427. [PMID: 26919985 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MAX2/strigolactone signaling in the endodermis and/or quiescent center of the root is partially sufficient to exert changes in F-actin density and cellular trafficking in the root epidermis, and alter gene expression during plant response to low Pi conditions. Strigolactones (SLs) are a new group of plant hormones that regulate different developmental processes in the plant via MAX2, an F-box protein that interacts with their receptor. SLs and MAX2 are necessary for the marked increase in root-hair (RH) density in seedlings under conditions of phosphate (Pi) deprivation. This marked elevation was associated with an active reduction in actin-filament density and endosomal movement in root epidermal cells. Also, expression of MAX2 under the SCARECROW (SCR) promoter was sufficient to confer SL sensitivity in roots, suggesting that SL signaling pathways act through a root-specific, yet non-cell-autonomous regulatory mode of action. Here we show evidence for a non-cell autonomous signaling of SL/MAX2, originating from the root endodermis, and necessary for seedling response to conditions of Pi deprivation. SCR-derived expression of MAX2 in max2-1 mutant background promoted the root low Pi response, whereas supplementation of the synthetic SL GR24 to these SCR:MAX2 expressing lines further enhanced this response. Moreover, the SCR:MAX2 expression led to changes in actin density and endosome movement in epidermal cells and in TIR1 and PHO2 gene expression. These results demonstrate that MAX2 signaling in the endodermis and/or quiescent center is partially sufficient to exert changes in F-actin density and cellular trafficking in the epidermis, and alter gene expression under low Pi conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Madmon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Moran Mazuz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Puja Kumari
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Anandamoy Dam
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Aurel Ion
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Einav Mayzlish-Gati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Smadar Wininger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mohamad Abu-Abied
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Liam J Bromhead
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rafael Perl-Treves
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Turin University, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Yoram Kapulnik
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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148
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Wallner ES, López-Salmerón V, Greb T. Strigolactone versus gibberellin signaling: reemerging concepts? PLANTA 2016; 243:1339-50. [PMID: 26898553 PMCID: PMC4875939 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION In this review, we compare knowledge about the recently discovered strigolactone signaling pathway and the well established gibberellin signaling pathway to identify gaps of knowledge and putative research directions in strigolactone biology. Communication between and inside cells is integral for the vitality of living organisms. Hormonal signaling cascades form a large part of this communication and an understanding of both their complexity and interactive nature is only beginning to emerge. In plants, the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway is the most recent addition to the classically acting group of hormones and, although fundamental insights have been made, knowledge about the nature and impact of SL signaling is still cursory. This narrow understanding is in spite of the fact that SLs influence a specific spectrum of processes, which includes shoot branching and root system architecture in response, partly, to environmental stimuli. This makes these hormones ideal tools for understanding the coordination of plant growth processes, mechanisms of long-distance communication and developmental plasticity. Here, we summarize current knowledge about SL signaling and employ the well-characterized gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway as a scaffold to highlight emerging features as well as gaps in our knowledge in this context. GA signaling is particularly suitable for this comparison because both signaling cascades share key features of hormone perception and of immediate downstream events. Therefore, our comparative view demonstrates the possible level of complexity and regulatory interfaces of SL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Sophie Wallner
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vadir López-Salmerón
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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149
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Matthys C, Walton A, Struk S, Stes E, Boyer FD, Gevaert K, Goormachtig S. The Whats, the Wheres and the Hows of strigolactone action in the roots. PLANTA 2016; 243:1327-37. [PMID: 26895337 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones control various aspects of plant development, including root architecture. Here, we review how strigolactones act in the root and survey the strigolactone specificity of signaling components that affect root development. Strigolactones are a group of secondary metabolites produced in plants that have been assigned multiple roles, of which the most recent is hormonal activity. Over the last decade, these compounds have been shown to regulate various aspects of plant development, such as shoot branching and leaf senescence, but a growing body of literature suggests that these hormones play an equally important role in the root. In this review, we present all known root phenotypes linked to strigolactones. We examine the expression and presence of the main players in biosynthesis and signaling of these hormones and bring together the available information that allows us to explain how strigolactones act to modulate the root system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan Walton
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Unité Propre de Recherche 2301, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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150
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LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE acts in the final stages of strigolactone biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6301-6. [PMID: 27194725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601729113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are a group of plant compounds of diverse but related chemical structures. They have similar bioactivity across a broad range of plant species, act to optimize plant growth and development, and promote soil microbe interactions. Carlactone, a common precursor to strigolactones, is produced by conserved enzymes found in a number of diverse species. Versions of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) cytochrome P450 from rice and Arabidopsis thaliana make specific subsets of strigolactones from carlactone. However, the diversity of natural strigolactones suggests that additional enzymes are involved and remain to be discovered. Here, we use an innovative method that has revealed a missing enzyme involved in strigolactone metabolism. By using a transcriptomics approach involving a range of treatments that modify strigolactone biosynthesis gene expression coupled with reverse genetics, we identified LATERAL BRANCHING OXIDOREDUCTASE (LBO), a gene encoding an oxidoreductase-like enzyme of the 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. Arabidopsis lbo mutants exhibited increased shoot branching, but the lbo mutation did not enhance the max mutant phenotype. Grafting indicated that LBO is required for a graft-transmissible signal that, in turn, requires a product of MAX1. Mutant lbo backgrounds showed reduced responses to carlactone, the substrate of MAX1, and methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA), a product downstream of MAX1. Furthermore, lbo mutants contained increased amounts of these compounds, and the LBO protein specifically converts MeCLA to an unidentified strigolactone-like compound. Thus, LBO function may be important in the later steps of strigolactone biosynthesis to inhibit shoot branching in Arabidopsis and other seed plants.
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