101
|
Ahmadi J, Pour-Aboughadareh A, Fabriki Ourang S, Khalili P, Poczai P. Unraveling salinity stress responses in ancestral and neglected wheat species at early growth stage: A baseline for utilization in future wheat improvement programs. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:537-549. [PMID: 32205929 PMCID: PMC7078426 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the behavior of several neglected, ancestral, and domesticated wheat genotypes, including Ae. triuncialis, Ae. neglecta, Ae. caudata, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. tauschii, Ae. speltoides, T. boeoticum, T. urartu, T. durum, and T. aestivum under control and salinity stress to assess the mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance. Physiological and biochemical traits including root/shoot biomasses, root/shoot ion concentrations, activity of antioxidant enzymes APX, SOD, and GXP, and the relative expression of TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, APX, GXP, and MnSOD genes were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effects of the salinity treatments and genotypes for all evaluated traits. Salinity stress (350 mM NaCl) significantly decreased root/shoot biomasses, K+ concentration in root/shoot, and root/shoot K+/Na+ ratios. In contrast, salinity stress significantly increased Na+ concentration in root and shoot, activity of antioxidant enzymes (APX, SOD, and GPX) and relative expression of salt tolerance-related genes (TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, APX, GPX, and MnSOD). Based on heat map and principal component analysis, the relationships among physiological traits and relative expression of salt-responsive genes were investigated. Remarkably, we observed a significant association between the relative expression of TaHKT1;5 with root K+ concentration and K+/Na+ ratio and with TaSOS1. Taken together, our study revealed that two neglected (Ae. triuncialis) and ancestral (Ae. tauschii) wheat genotypes responded better to salinity stress than other genotypes. Further molecular tasks are therefore essential to specify the pathways linked with salinity tolerance in these genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Postal Code: 34148 - 96818 Iran
| | - Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Fabriki Ourang
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Postal Code: 34148 - 96818 Iran
| | - Pezhman Khalili
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Postal Code: 34148 - 96818 Iran
| | - Peter Poczai
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Devkar V, Thirumalaikumar VP, Xue GP, Vallarino JG, Turečková V, Strnad M, Fernie AR, Hoefgen R, Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S. Multifaceted regulatory function of tomato SlTAF1 in the response to salinity stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1681-1698. [PMID: 31597191 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress limits plant growth and has a major impact on agricultural productivity. Here, we identify NAC transcription factor SlTAF1 as a regulator of salt tolerance in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). While overexpression of SlTAF1 improves salinity tolerance compared with wild-type, lowering SlTAF1 expression causes stronger salinity-induced damage. Under salt stress, shoots of SlTAF1 knockdown plants accumulate more toxic Na+ ions, while SlTAF1 overexpressors accumulate less ions, in accordance with an altered expression of the Na+ transporter genes SlHKT1;1 and SlHKT1;2. Furthermore, stomatal conductance and pore area are increased in SlTAF1 knockdown plants during salinity stress, but decreased in SlTAF1 overexpressors. We identified stress-related transcription factor, abscisic acid metabolism and defence-related genes as potential direct targets of SlTAF1, correlating it with reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and changes in hormonal response. Salinity-induced changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids are more pronounced in SlTAF1 knockdown than wild-type plants, but less so in SlTAF1 overexpressors. The osmoprotectant proline accumulates more in SlTAF1 overexpressors than knockdown plants. In summary, SlTAF1 controls the tomato's response to salinity stress by combating both osmotic stress and ion toxicity, highlighting this gene as a promising candidate for the future breeding of stress-tolerant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Devkar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Venkatesh P Thirumalaikumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gang-Ping Xue
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - José G Vallarino
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Zhu G, Gao W, Song X, Sun F, Hou S, Liu N, Huang Y, Zhang D, Ni Z, Chen Q, Guo W. Genome-wide association reveals genetic variation of lint yield components under salty field conditions in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:23. [PMID: 31937242 PMCID: PMC6961271 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors limiting the productivity of cotton. However, the key genetic components responsible for the reduction in cotton yield in saline-alkali soils are still unclear. RESULTS Here, we evaluated three main components of lint yield, single boll weight (SBW), lint percentage (LP) and boll number per plant (BNPP), across 316 G. hirsutum accessions under four salt conditions over two years. Phenotypic analysis indicated that LP was unchanged under different salt conditions, however BNPP decreased significantly and SBW increased slightly under high salt conditions. Based on 57,413 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis, a total of 42, 91 and 25 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for SBW, LP and BNPP, respectively. Phenotypic and QTL analysis suggested that there was little correlation among the three traits. For LP, 8 stable QTLs were detected simultaneously in four different salt conditions, while fewer repeated QTLs for SBW or BNPP were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that their regulatory mechanisms were also quite different. Via transcriptome profile data, we detected that 10 genes from the 8 stable LP QTLs were predominantly expressed during fiber development. Further, haplotype analyses found that a MYB gene (GhMYB103), with the two SNP variations in cis-regulatory and coding regions, was significantly correlated with lint percentage, implying a crucial role in lint yield. We also identified that 40 candidate genes from BNPP QTLs were salt-inducible. Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and cell structure maintenance were rich in plants grown in high salt conditions, while genes related to ion transport were active in plants grown in low salt conditions, implying different regulatory mechanisms for BNPP at high and low salt conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a foundation for elucidating cotton salt tolerance mechanisms and contributes gene resources for developing upland cotton varieties with high yields and salt stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development (the Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Engineering Research Center for Cotton (the Ministry of Education), Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052 China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development (the Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Fenglei Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Cotton (the Ministry of Education), Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052 China
| | - Sen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development (the Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Na Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Cotton (the Ministry of Education), Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052 China
| | - Yajie Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Cotton (the Ministry of Education), Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052 China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development (the Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhiyong Ni
- Engineering Research Center for Cotton (the Ministry of Education), Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052 China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Cotton (the Ministry of Education), Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052 China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Engineering Research Center of Hybrid Cotton Development (the Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Huang L, Kuang L, Wu L, Shen Q, Han Y, Jiang L, Wu D, Zhang G. The HKT Transporter HvHKT1;5 Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:584-596. [PMID: 31690708 PMCID: PMC6945855 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining low intracellular Na+ concentrations is an essential physiological strategy in salt stress tolerance in most cereal crops. Here, we characterized a member of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family in barley (Hordeum vulgare), HvHKT1;5, which negatively regulates salt tolerance and has different functions from its homology in other cereal crops. HvHKT1;5 encodes a plasma membrane protein localized to root stele cells, particularly in xylem parenchyma cells adjacent to the xylem vessels. Its expression was highly induced by salt stress. Heterogenous expression of HvHKT1;5 in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that HvHKT1;5 was permeable to Na+, but not to K+, although its Na+ transport activity was inhibited by external K+ HvHKT1;5 knockdown barley lines showed improved salt tolerance, a dramatic decrease in Na+ translocation from roots to shoots, and increases in K+/Na+ when compared with wild-type plants under salt stress. The negative regulation of HvHKT1;5 in salt tolerance distinguishes it from other HKT1;5 members, indicating that barley has a distinct Na+ transport system. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the functions of HKT family members and the regulation of HvHKT1;5 in improving salt tolerance of barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Liuhui Kuang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Qiufang Shen
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Imran S, Horie T, Katsuhara M. Expression and Ion Transport Activity of Rice OsHKT1;1 Variants. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010016. [PMID: 31877741 PMCID: PMC7020204 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OsHKT1;1 in rice, belongs to the high-affinity K+ Transporter family, has been found to be involved in salt tolerance. OsHKT1;1 in japonica rice (Nipponbare) produces mRNA variants, but their functions remain elusive. In salt tolerant rice, Pokkali, eight OsHKT1;1 variants (V1-V8) were identified in addition to the full-length OsHKT1;1 (FL) cDNA. Absolute quantification by qPCR revealed that accumulation of OsHKT1;1-FL mRNA is minor in contrast to that of OsHKT1;1-V1, -V2, -V4, and -V7 mRNAs, all of which are predominant in shoots, while only V1 and V7 mRNAs are predominant in roots. Two electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) experiments using Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that oocytes-expressing OsHKT1;1-FL from Pokkali exhibited inward-rectified currents in the presence of 96 mM Na+ as reported previously. Further TEVC analyses indicated that six of eight OsHKT1;1 variants elicited currents in a Na+ or a K+ bath solution. OsHKT1;1-V6 exhibited a similar inward rectification to the FL protein. Contrastingly, however, the rests mediated bidirectional currents in both Na+ and K+ bath solutions. These data suggest possibilities that novel mechanisms regulating the transport activity of OsHKT1;1 might exist, and that OsHKT1;1 variants might also carry out distinct physiological roles either independently or in combination with OsHKT1;1-FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Imran
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1, Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan;
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of the Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (M.K.); Tel.: +81-268-5561 (T.H.); +81-86-434-1221 (M.K.)
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1, Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan;
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (M.K.); Tel.: +81-268-5561 (T.H.); +81-86-434-1221 (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Docimo T, De Stefano R, De Palma M, Cappetta E, Villano C, Aversano R, Tucci M. Transcriptional, metabolic and DNA methylation changes underpinning the response of Arundo donax ecotypes to NaCl excess. PLANTA 2019; 251:34. [PMID: 31848729 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax ecotypes react differently to salinity, partly due to differences in constitutive defences and methylome plasticity. Arundo donax L. is a C3 fast-growing grass that yields high biomass under stress. To elucidate its ability to produce biomass under high salinity, we investigated short/long-term NaCl responses of three ecotypes through transcriptional, metabolic and DNA methylation profiling of leaves and roots. Prolonged salt treatment discriminated the sensitive ecotype 'Cercola' from the tolerant 'Domitiana' and 'Canneto' in terms of biomass. Transcriptional and metabolic responses to NaCl differed between the ecotypes. In roots, constitutive expression of ion transporter and stress-related transcription factors' genes was higher in 'Canneto' and 'Domitiana' than 'Cercola' and 21-day NaCl drove strong up-regulation in all ecotypes. In leaves, unstressed 'Domitiana' confirmed higher expression of the above genes, whose transcription was repressed in 'Domitiana' but induced in 'Cercola' following NaCl treatment. In all ecotypes, salinity increased proline, ABA and leaf antioxidants, paralleled by up-regulation of antioxidant genes in 'Canneto' and 'Cercola' but not in 'Domitiana', which tolerated a higher level of oxidative damage. Changes in DNA methylation patterns highlighted a marked capacity of the tolerant 'Domitiana' ecotype to adjust DNA methylation to salt stress. The reduced salt sensitivity of 'Domitiana' and, to a lesser extent, 'Canneto' appears to rely on a complex set of constitutively activated defences, possibly due to the environmental conditions of the site of origin, and on higher plasticity of the methylome. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of adaptability of A. donax ecotypes to salinity, offering new perspectives for the improvement of this species for cultivation in limiting environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Docimo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Rosalba De Stefano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappetta
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Clizia Villano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Watkins JL, Li M, McQuinn RP, Chan KX, McFarlane HE, Ermakova M, Furbank RT, Mares D, Dong C, Chalmers KJ, Sharp P, Mather DE, Pogson BJ. A GDSL Esterase/Lipase Catalyzes the Esterification of Lutein in Bread Wheat. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:3092-3112. [PMID: 31575724 PMCID: PMC6925002 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophylls are a class of carotenoids that are important micronutrients for humans. They are often found esterified with fatty acids in fruits, vegetables, and certain grains, including bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Esterification promotes the sequestration and accumulation of carotenoids, thereby enhancing stability, particularly in tissues such as in harvested wheat grain. Here, we report on a plant xanthophyll acyltransferase (XAT) that is both necessary and sufficient for xanthophyll esterification in bread wheat grain. XAT contains a canonical Gly-Asp-Ser-Leu (GDSL) motif and is encoded by a member of the GDSL esterase/lipase gene family. Genetic evidence from allelic variants of wheat and transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) calli demonstrated that XAT catalyzes the formation of xanthophyll esters. XAT has broad substrate specificity and can esterify lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin using multiple acyl donors, yet it has a preference for triacylglycerides, indicating that the enzyme acts via transesterification. A conserved amino acid, Ser-37, is required for activity. Despite xanthophylls being synthesized in plastids, XAT accumulated in the apoplast. Based on analysis of substrate preferences and xanthophyll ester formation in vitro and in vivo using xanthophyll-accumulating rice callus, we propose that disintegration of the cellular structure during wheat grain desiccation facilitates access to lutein-promoting transesterification.plantcell;31/12/3092/FX1F1fx1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Watkins
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Ryan P McQuinn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Kai Xun Chan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Maria Ermakova
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Daryl Mares
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Chongmei Dong
- Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales 2570, Australia
| | - Kenneth J Chalmers
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Sharp
- Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales 2570, Australia
| | - Diane E Mather
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Li N, Yuan D, Huang LJ. Development of a Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector system for plants. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:561-572. [PMID: 31435821 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic transformation of plants offers the possibility of functional characterization of individual genes and the improvement of plant traits. Development of novel transformation vectors is essential to improve plant genetic transformation technologies for various applications. Here, we present the development of a Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector system for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. The expression system contains two independent plasmid vector sets, the activator vector and the reporter vector, based on the concept of the GAL4/UAS trans-activation system. The activator vector expresses a modified GAL4 protein (GAL4-VP16) under the control of specific promoter. The GAL4-VP16 protein targets the UAS in the reporter vector and subsequently activates reporter gene expression. Both the activator and reporter vectors contain the Gateway recombination cassette, which can be rapidly and efficiently replaced by any specific promoter and reporter gene of interest, to facilitate gene cloning procedures. The efficiency of the activator-reporter expression system has been assessed using agroinfiltration mediated transient expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana and stable transgenic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. The reporter genes were highly expressed with precise tissue-specific and subcellular localization. This Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector system will be a useful tool for advancing plant gene engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Deyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Zhang M, Liang X, Wang L, Cao Y, Song W, Shi J, Lai J, Jiang C. A HAK family Na + transporter confers natural variation of salt tolerance in maize. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1297-1308. [PMID: 31819228 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive sodium ion (Na+) concentrations in cultivated land alter crop yield and quality worldwide. Previous studies have shown that shoot Na+ exclusion is essential in most crops for salt tolerance. Here, we show by a genome-wide association study that Zea may L. Na+ content 2 (ZmNC2), encoding the HAK family ion transporter ZmHAK4, confers the natural variation of shoot Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance in maize. The ZmHAK4 locus accounts for ~11% of the shoot Na+ variation, and a natural ZmHAK4-deficient allele displays a decreased ZmHAK4 expression level and an increased shoot Na+ content. ZmHAK4 is preferentially expressed in the root stele and encodes a novel membrane-localized Na+-selective transporter that mediates shoot Na+ exclusion, probably by retrieving Na+ from xylem sap. ZmHAK4 orthologues were identified in other plant species, and the orthologues of ZmHAK4 in rice and wheat show identical expression patterns and ion transport properties, suggesting that ZmHAK4 orthologues mediate an evolutionarily conserved salt-tolerance mechanism. Finally, we show that ZmHAK4 and ZmHKT1 (a HKT1 family Na+-selective transporter) confer distinct roles in promoting shoot Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance, indicating that the combination of the favourable alleles of ZmHKT1 and ZmHAK4 can facilitate the development of salt-tolerant maize varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Song
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center of China, Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junpeng Shi
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center of China, Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center of China, Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Park YC, Lim SD, Moon JC, Jang CS. A rice really interesting new gene H2-type E3 ligase, OsSIRH2-14, enhances salinity tolerance via ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated degradation of salt-related proteins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:3061-3076. [PMID: 31325169 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a deleterious abiotic stress factor that affects growth, productivity, and physiology of crop plants. Strategies for improving salinity tolerance in plants are critical for crop breeding programmes. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) really interesting new gene (RING) H2-type E3 ligase, OsSIRH2-14 (previously named OsRFPH2-14), which plays a positive role in salinity tolerance by regulating salt-related proteins including an HKT-type Na+ transporter (OsHKT2;1). OsSIRH2-14 expression was induced in root and shoot tissues treated with NaCl. The OsSIRH2-14-EYFP fusion protein was predominately expressed in the cytoplasm, Golgi, and plasma membrane of rice protoplasts. In vitro pull-down assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that OsSIRH2-14 interacts with salt-related proteins, including OsHKT2;1. OsSIRH2-14 E3 ligase regulates OsHKT2;1 via the 26S proteasome system under high NaCl concentrations but not under normal conditions. Compared with wild type plants, OsSIRH2-14-overexpressing rice plants showed significantly enhanced salinity tolerance and reduced Na+ accumulation in the aerial shoot and root tissues. These results suggest that the OsSIRH2-14 RING E3 ligase positively regulates the salinity stress response by modulating the stability of salt-related proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chan Park
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Don Lim
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Cheol Moon
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
David R, Byrt CS, Tyerman SD, Gilliham M, Wege S. Roles of membrane transporters: connecting the dots from sequence to phenotype. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:201-208. [PMID: 31162525 PMCID: PMC6758574 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant membrane transporters are involved in diverse cellular processes underpinning plant physiology, such as nutrient acquisition, hormone movement, resource allocation, exclusion or sequestration of various solutes from cells and tissues, and environmental and developmental signalling. A comprehensive characterization of transporter function is therefore key to understanding and improving plant performance. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS In this review, we focus on the complexities involved in characterizing transporter function and the impact that this has on current genomic annotations. Specific examples are provided that demonstrate why sequence homology alone cannot be relied upon to annotate and classify transporter function, and to show how even single amino acid residue variations can influence transporter activity and specificity. Misleading nomenclature of transporters is often a source of confusion in transporter characterization, especially for people new to or outside the field. Here, to aid researchers dealing with interpretation of large data sets that include transporter proteins, we provide examples of transporters that have been assigned names that misrepresent their cellular functions. Finally, we discuss the challenges in connecting transporter function at the molecular level with physiological data, and propose a solution through the creation of new databases. Further fundamental in-depth research on specific transport (and other) proteins is still required; without it, significant deficiencies in large-scale data sets and systems biology approaches will persist. Reliable characterization of transporter function requires integration of data at multiple levels, from amino acid residue sequence annotation to more in-depth biochemical, structural and physiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh David
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- For correspondence. E-mail
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Wang L, Liu Y, Li D, Feng S, Yang J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang D, Gan Y. Improving salt tolerance in potato through overexpression of AtHKT1 gene. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:357. [PMID: 31419943 PMCID: PMC6697938 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival of plants in response to salinity stress is typically related to Na+ toxicity, but little is known about how heterologous high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) may help alleviate salt-induced damages in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). RESULTS In this study, we used the Arabidopsis thaliana high-affinity potassium transporter gene (AtHKT1) to enhance the capacity of potato plants to tolerate salinity stress by decreasing Na+ content and improving K+/Na+ ratio in plant leaves, while maintaining osmotic balance. Seven AtHKT1 transformed potato lines (namely T1, T2, T3, T5, T11, T13 and T15) were compared with non-transgenic control plant at molecule and whole-plant levels. The lines T3 and T13 had the highest AtHKT1 expression with the tolerance index (an quantitative assessment) being 6.8 times that of the control. At 30 days under 100 and 150 mmol L- 1 NaCl stress treatments, the T3 and T13 lines had least reductions in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate among the seven lines, leading to the increased water use efficiency and decreased yield loss. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the constitutive overexpression of AtHKT1 reduces Na+ accumulation in potato leaves and promotes the K+/Na+ homeostasis that minimizes osmotic imbalance, maintains photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, and increases plant productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Dan Li
- Longdong University, Qingyang, 745000 Gansu China
| | - Shoujiang Feng
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jiangwei Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Di Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Yantai Gan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Tang Y, Bao X, Wang S, Liu Y, Tan J, Yang M, Zhang M, Dai R, Yu X. A Physic Nut Stress-Responsive HD-Zip Transcription Factor, JcHDZ07, Confers Enhanced Sensitivity to Salinity Stress in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:942. [PMID: 31379913 PMCID: PMC6652468 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors are reported to play crucial roles in the growth, development, and stress responses of plants. However, there is little knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in physic nut's stress tolerance generally, or the functions of its HD-Zip genes. In the present study, a HD-Zip family transcription factor, designated JcHDZ07, was isolated from physic nut. Expression profile analysis showed that salinity stress inhibited the expression of JcHDZ07. Transient expression of JcHDZ07-YFP in Arabidopsis protoplast cells revealed that JcHDZ07 was a nuclear-localized protein. Additionally, no obvious difference in growth and development between wild-type and JcHDZ07-overexpressing plants was observed in the absence of stress. Our results further indicated that JcHDZ07 overexpressing transgenic plants had lower proline contents, lower survival rates, and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, but higher relative electrical leakage and malonaldehyde contents compared with wild-type plants under salinity stress conditions, suggesting that overexpression of JcHDZ07 confers enhanced sensitivity to salinity stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Expression of salt stress-responsive genes were upregulated in leaves of transgenic plants under salinity stress, but less strongly than in wild-type plants. Collectively, our results suggest that JcHDZ07 functions as an important regulator during the process of plant responses to salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinxin Bao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Mengxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Rongrong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Xinrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Riedelsberger J, Vergara-Jaque A, Piñeros M, Dreyer I, González W. An extracellular cation coordination site influences ion conduction of OsHKT2;2. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:316. [PMID: 31307394 PMCID: PMC6632200 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HKT channels mediate sodium uniport or sodium and potassium symport in plants. Monocotyledons express a higher number of HKT proteins than dicotyledons, and it is only within this clade of HKT channels that cation symport mechanisms are found. The prevailing ion composition in the extracellular medium affects the transport abilities of various HKT channels by changing their selectivity or ion transport rates. How this mutual effect is achieved at the molecular level is still unknown. Here, we built a homology model of the monocotyledonous OsHKT2;2, which shows sodium and potassium symport activity. We performed molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of sodium and potassium ions to investigate the mutual effect of cation species. RESULTS By analyzing ion-protein interactions, we identified a cation coordination site on the extracellular protein surface, which is formed by residues P71, D75, D501 and K504. Proline and the two aspartate residues coordinate cations, while K504 forms salt bridges with D75 and D501 and may be involved in the forwarding of cations towards the pore entrance. Functional validation via electrophysiological experiments confirmed the biological relevance of the predicted ion coordination site and identified K504 as a central key residue. Mutation of the cation coordinating residues affected the functionality of HKT only slightly. Additional in silico mutants and simulations of K504 supported experimental results. CONCLUSION We identified an extracellular cation coordination site, which is involved in ion coordination and influences the conduction of OsHKT2;2. This finding proposes a new viewpoint in the discussion of how the mutual effect of variable ion species may be achieved in HKT channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ariela Vergara-Jaque
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Piñeros
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Wendy González
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Fang H, Dong Y, Yue X, Hu J, Jiang S, Xu H, Wang Y, Su M, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang N, Chen X. The B-box zinc finger protein MdBBX20 integrates anthocyanin accumulation in response to ultraviolet radiation and low temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1503-1512. [PMID: 30919454 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and low temperature promote the accumulation of anthocyanins, which give apple skins their red colour. Although many transcription regulators have been characterized in the UV-B and low-temperature pathways, their interregulation and synergistic effects are not well understood. Here, a B-box transcription factor gene, MdBBX20, was characterized in apple and identified to promote anthocyanin biosynthesis under UV-B conditions in field experiments and when overexpressed in transgenic apple calli. The transcript level of MdBBX20 was significantly induced by UV-B. Specific G-box elements in the promoters of target genes were identified as interaction sites for MdBBX20. Further experimental interrogation of the UV-B signalling pathways showed that MdBBX20 could interact with MdHY5 in vitro and in vivo and that this interaction was required to significantly enhance the promoter activity of MdMYB1. MdBBX20 also responded to low temperature (14°C) with the participation of MdbHLH3, which directly bound a low temperature-response cis elements in the MdBBX20 promoter. These findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which MdBBX20 integrates low-temperature- and UV-B-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xuanxuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jiafei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Mengyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Shkolnik D, Finkler A, Pasmanik-Chor M, Fromm H. CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR 6: A Key Regulator of Na + Homeostasis during Germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1101-1118. [PMID: 30894419 PMCID: PMC6548231 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity impairs seed germination and seedling establishment. We investigated the role of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR 6 (CAMTA6) in salinity stress responses during early germination. Compared with the wild type, the camta6-4 and camta6-5 mutants were more tolerant to NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) and accumulated less Na+ In contrast, 4- to 11-d-old camta6 seedlings were more sensitive to NaCl. In camta6, expression of HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER1 (AtHKT1;1), encoding an Na+/K+ transporter, was restricted to the radicles and was not enhanced by NaCl or ABA. During germination, the camta6 hkt1 double mutant was as sensitive as the wild type and hkt1 to NaCl, suggesting that HKT1;1 is crucial for the salt tolerance of camta6 An ABA response element in the HKT1;1 promoter was found to be indispensable for the enhanced expression of the gene in response to NaCl and to ABA. Transcriptome analysis of the wild type and camta6-5 with and without salt treatment revealed 1,020 up-regulated and 1,467 down-regulated salt-responsive genes in the wild type. Among these, 638 up-regulated and 1,242 down-regulated genes were classified as CAMTA6-dependent. Expression of several known salt stress-associated genes, including SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE1 and Na+/H+ ANTIPORTER, was impaired in camta6 mutants. Bioinformatics analysis of the 5' upstream sequences of the salt-responsive CAMTA6-dependent up-regulated genes revealed the CACGTGTC motif as the most prominent element, representing an ABA response element and a potential CAMTA-binding site. We suggest that CAMTA6 regulates, directly or indirectly, the expression of most of the salt-responsive genes in germinating seeds, including genes that are crucial for Na+ homeostasis and salt stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doron Shkolnik
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aliza Finkler
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hillel Fromm
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Julkowska MM. Changing Gears in Salt Stress Tolerance: AtCAMTA6's Role in Transcriptional Regulation of Ion Transport. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:684-685. [PMID: 31160517 PMCID: PMC6548246 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Julkowska
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, Thuwal 23955, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Nawaz I, Iqbal M, Hakvoort HWJ, de Boer AH, Schat H. Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana HKT1 and Eutrema salsugineum/botschantzevii HKT1;2 Promoters in Response to Salt Stress in Athkt1:1 Mutant. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:442-450. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
119
|
Kaundal A, Sandhu D, Duenas M, Ferreira JFS. Expression of the high-affinity K+ transporter 1 (PpHKT1) gene from almond rootstock 'Nemaguard' improved salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214473. [PMID: 30913281 PMCID: PMC6435114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity affects plant growth and development, which directly impact yield. Plants deploy many mechanisms to cope with, or mitigate, salt stress. One of such mechanism is to control movement of ions from root to shoot by regulating the loading of Na+ in the transpiration stream. The high-affinity K+ transporter 1 (HKT1) is known to play a role in the removal of Na+ from the xylem and bring it back to the root. As almond is a salt-sensitive crop, the rootstock plays an important role in successful almond cultivation in salt-affected regions. We currently lack knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in salt tolerance of almond rootstocks. In this study, we complemented the Arabidopsis athkt1 knockout mutant with HKT1 ortholog (PpHKT1) from the almond rootstock ‘Nemaguard’. Arabidopsis transgenic lines that were generated in athkt1 background with the constitutive promoter (PpHKT1OE2.2) and the native promoter (PpHKT1NP6) were subjected to different salt treatments. Both transgenic lines survived salt concentrations up to 120 mM NaCl, however, the mutant athkt1 died after 18 days under 120 mM NaCl. At 90 mM NaCl, the dry weight of athkt1 decreased significantly compared to the transgenic lines. Both transgenic lines showed significantly longer lateral roots compared to the athkt1 mutant at 80 mM NaCl treatment. The transgenic lines, PpHKT1OE2.2 and PpHKTNP6 had lower electrolyte leakage and higher relative water content compared to athkt1, suggesting that transgenic plants coped well with increased salt concentration by maintaining the integrity of the membranes. The expression analyses showed that PpHKT1 was induced in PpHKT1OE2.2 and PpHKTNP6 lines under salt treatment, which confirmed that both over-expression and native expression of PpHKT1 in the Arabidopsis mutant can complement salt tolerance function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amita Kaundal
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab, Riverside, California, United States of America
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab, Riverside, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Duenas
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Lab, Riverside, California, United States of America
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Wang Q, Guan C, Wang P, Ma Q, Bao AK, Zhang JL, Wang SM. The Effect of AtHKT1;1 or AtSOS1 Mutation on the Expressions of Na⁺ or K⁺ Transporter Genes and Ion Homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1085. [PMID: 30832374 PMCID: PMC6429264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HKT1 and SOS1 are two key Na⁺ transporters that modulate salt tolerance in plants. Although much is known about the respective functions of HKT1 and SOS1 under salt conditions, few studies have examined the effects of HKT1 and SOS1 mutations on the expression of other important Na⁺ and K⁺ transporter genes. This study investigated the physiological parameters and expression profiles of AtHKT1;1, AtSOS1, AtHAK5, AtAKT1, AtSKOR, AtNHX1, and AtAVP1 in wild-type (WT) and athkt1;1 and atsos1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana under 25 mM NaCl. We found that AtSOS1 mutation induced a significant decrease in transcripts of AtHKT1;1 (by 56⁻62% at 6⁻24 h), AtSKOR (by 36⁻78% at 6⁻24 h), and AtAKT1 (by 31⁻53% at 6⁻24 h) in the roots compared with WT. This led to an increase in Na⁺ accumulation in the roots, a decrease in K⁺ uptake and transportation, and finally resulted in suppression of plant growth. AtHKT1;1 loss induced a 39⁻76% (6⁻24 h) decrease and a 27⁻32% (6⁻24 h) increase in transcripts of AtSKOR and AtHAK5, respectively, in the roots compared with WT. At the same time, 25 mM NaCl decreased the net selective transport capacity for K⁺ over Na⁺ by 92% in the athkt1;1 roots compared with the WT roots. Consequently, Na⁺ was loaded into the xylem and delivered to the shoots, whereas K⁺ transport was restricted. The results indicate that AtHKT1;1 and AtSOS1 not only mediate Na⁺ transport but also control ion uptake and the spatial distribution of Na⁺ and K⁺ by cooperatively regulating the expression levels of relevant Na⁺ and K⁺ transporter genes, ultimately regulating plant growth under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China.
| | - Chao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Institution of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Eida AA, Alzubaidy HS, de Zélicourt A, Synek L, Alsharif W, Lafi FF, Hirt H, Saad MM. Phylogenetically diverse endophytic bacteria from desert plants induce transcriptional changes of tissue-specific ion transporters and salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:228-240. [PMID: 30824001 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salinity severely hampers crop productivity worldwide and plant growth promoting bacteria could serve as a sustainable solution to improve plant growth under salt stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance promotion by beneficial bacteria remain unclear. In this work, six bacterial isolates from four different desert plant species were screened for their biochemical plant growth promoting traits and salinity stress tolerance promotion of the unknown host plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Five of the isolates induced variable root phenotypes but could all increase plant shoot and root weight under salinity stress. Inoculation of Arabidopsis with five isolates under salinity stress resulted in tissue-specific transcriptional changes of ion transporters and reduced Na+/K+ shoot ratios. The work provides first insights into the possible mechanisms and the commonality by which phylogenetically diverse bacteria from different desert plants induce salinity stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. The bacterial isolates provide new tools for studying abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in plants and a promising agricultural solution for increasing crop yields in semi-arid regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Aziz Eida
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Desert Agriculture Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 6900-23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin S Alzubaidy
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Desert Agriculture Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 6900-23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Axel de Zélicourt
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Desert Agriculture Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 6900-23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lukáš Synek
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Desert Agriculture Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 6900-23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wiam Alsharif
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Desert Agriculture Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 6900-23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras F Lafi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Desert Agriculture Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 6900-23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Desert Agriculture Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 6900-23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maged M Saad
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Desert Agriculture Initiative, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 6900-23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Ali A, Maggio A, Bressan RA, Yun DJ. Role and Functional Differences of HKT1-Type Transporters in Plants under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1059. [PMID: 30823627 PMCID: PMC6429402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses generally cause a series of morphological, biochemical and molecular changes that unfavorably affect plant growth and productivity. Among these stresses, soil salinity is a major threat that can seriously impair crop yield. To cope with the effects of high salinity on plants, it is important to understand the mechanisms that plants use to deal with it, including those activated in response to disturbed Na⁺ and K⁺ homeostasis at cellular and molecular levels. HKT1-type transporters are key determinants of Na⁺ and K⁺ homeostasis under salt stress and they contribute to reduce Na⁺-specific toxicity in plants. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the function of HKT1-type transporters and their importance in different plant species under salt stress. Comparison between HKT1 homologs in different plant species will shed light on different approaches plants may use to cope with salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Ray A Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA.
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Xu Y, Yu Z, Zhang S, Wu C, Yang G, Yan K, Zheng C, Huang J. CYSTM3 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:395-406. [PMID: 30701352 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CYSTM3, a small mitochondrial protein, acts as a negative regulator in salt stress response by preventing Na+ efflux and disturbing reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Cysteine-rich transmembrane module (CYSTM) is a not well characterized small peptide family in plants. In this study, we identified a novel mitochondrion-localized CYSTM member CYSTM3 from Arabidopsis, which was ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and dramatically induced by salt stress. Transgenic plants overexpressing CYSTM3 (OE) displayed hypersensitivity to salt stress compared with wild type (WT) plants, whereas a knockout mutant cystm3 was more tolerant to high salinity than WT. Moreover, OE lines accumulated higher contents of Na+ and ROS than WT and cystm3 upon exposure to high salinity. Further analysis revealed that CYSTM3 could deter root Na+ efflux and inhibit the activities of a range of ROS scavenging enzymes in Arabidopsis. In addition, the transcripts of nuclear salt stress-responsive genes were over-activated in cystm3 than those in WT and OE lines. Taken together, Arabidopsis CYSTM3 acts as a negative regulator in salt stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Zheng M, Liu X, Lin J, Liu X, Wang Z, Xin M, Yao Y, Peng H, Zhou DX, Ni Z, Sun Q, Hu Z. Histone acetyltransferase GCN5 contributes to cell wall integrity and salt stress tolerance by altering the expression of cellulose synthesis genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:587-602. [PMID: 30394596 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Excess soluble salts in soil are harmful to the growth and development of most plants. Evidence is emerging that the plant cell wall is involved in sensing and responding to salt stress, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We reveal that the histone acetyltransferase General control non-repressed protein 5 (GCN5) is required for the maintenance of cell wall integrity and salt stress tolerance. The levels of GCN5 mRNA are increased in response to salt stress. The gcn5 mutants exhibited severe growth inhibition and defects in cell wall integrity under salt stress conditions. Combining RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we identified the chitinase-like gene CTL1, polygalacturonase involved in expansion-3 (PGX3) and MYB domain protein-54 (MYB54) as direct targets of GCN5. Acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 mediated by GCN5 is associated with activation of CTL1, PGX3 and MYB54 under salt stress. Moreover, constitutive expression of CTL1 in the gcn5 mutant restores salt tolerance and cell wall integrity. In addition, the expression of the wheat TaGCN5 gene in Arabidopsis gcn5 mutant plants complemented the salt tolerance and cell wall integrity phenotypes, suggesting that GCN5-mediated salt tolerance is conserved between Arabidopsis and wheat. Taken together, our data indicate that GCN5 plays a key role in the preservation of salt tolerance via versatile regulation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingbei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingchen Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinye Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhouying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Zhou
- Institute of Plant Science Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Sud, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Li N, Du C, Ma B, Gao Z, Wu Z, Zheng L, Niu Y, Wang Y. Functional Analysis of Ion Transport Properties and Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of RtHKT1 from the Recretohalophyte Reaumuria trigyna. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:85-106. [PMID: 30239906 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reaumuria trigyna is an endangered recretohalophyte and a small archaic feral shrub that is endemic to arid and semi-arid plateau regions of Inner Mongolia, China. Based on transcriptomic data, we isolated a high-affinity potassium transporter gene (RtHKT1) from R. trigyna, which encoded a plasma membrane-localized protein. RtHKT1 was rapidly up-regulated by high Na+ or low K+ and exhibited different tissue-specific expression patterns before and after stress treatment. Transgenic yeast showed tolerance to high Na+ or low K+, while transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited tolerance to high Na+ and sensitivity to high K+, or high Na+-low K+, confirming that Na+ tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis depends on a sufficient external K+ concentration. Under external high Na+, high K+ and low K+ conditions, transgenic yeast accumulated more Na+-K+, Na+ and K+, while transgenic Arabidopsis accumulated less Na+-more K+, more Na+ and more Na+-K+, respectively, indicating that the ion transport properties of RtHKT1 depend on the external Na+-K+ environment. Salt stress induced up-regulation of some ion transporter genes (AtSOS1/AtHAK5/AtKUP5-6), as well as down-regulation of some genes (AtNHX1/AtAVP1/AtKUP9-12), revealing that multi-ion-transporter synergism maintains Na+/K+ homeostasis under salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. Overexpression of RtHKT1 enhanced K+ accumulation and prevented Na+ transport from roots to shoots, improved biomass accumulation and Chl content in salt-stressed transgenic Arabidopsis. The proline content and relative water content increased significantly, and some proline biosynthesis genes (AtP5CS1 and AtP5CS2) were also up-regulated in salt-stressed transgenic plants. These results suggest that RtHKT1 confers salt tolerance on transgenic Arabidopsis by maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis and osmotic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Du
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Binjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Ziqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Yiding Niu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Foster KJ, Miklavcic SJ. A Comprehensive Biophysical Model of Ion and Water Transport in Plant Roots. II. Clarifying the Roles of SOS1 in the Salt-Stress Response in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1121. [PMID: 31620152 PMCID: PMC6759596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
SOS1 transporters play an essential role in plant salt tolerance. Although SOS1 is known to encode a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, the transport mechanisms by which these transporters contribute to salt tolerance at the level of the whole root are unclear. Gene expression and flux measurements have provided conflicting evidence for the location of SOS1 transporter activity, making it difficult to determine their function. Whether SOS1 transporters load or unload Na+ from the root xylem transpiration stream is also disputed. To address these areas of contention, we applied a mathematical model to answer the question: what is the function of SOS1 transporters in salt-stressed Arabidopsis roots? We used our biophysical model of ion and water transport in a salt-stressed root to simulate a wide range of SOS1 transporter locations in a model Arabidopsis root, providing a level of detail that cannot currently be achieved by experimentation. We compared our simulations with available experimental data to find reasonable parameters for the model and to determine likely locations of SOS1 transporter activity. We found that SOS1 transporters are likely to be operating in at least one tissue of the outer mature root, in the mature stele, and in the epidermis of the root apex. SOS1 transporter activity in the mature outer root cells is essential to maintain low cytosolic Na+ levels in the root and also restricts the uptake of Na+ to the shoot. SOS1 transporters in the stele actively load Na+ into the xylem transpiration stream, enhancing the transport of Na+ and water to the shoot. SOS1 transporters acting in the apex restrict cytosolic Na+ concentrations in the apex but are unable to maintain low cytosolic Na+ levels in the mature root. Our findings suggest that targeted, tissue-specific overexpression or knockout of SOS1 may lead to greater salt tolerance than has been achieved with constitutive gene changes. Tissue-specific changes to the expression of SOS1 could be used to identify the appropriate balance between limiting Na+ uptake to the shoot while maintaining water uptake, potentially leading to enhancements in salt tolerance.
Collapse
|
127
|
Tada Y, Endo C, Katsuhara M, Horie T, Shibasaka M, Nakahara Y, Kurusu T. High-Affinity K+ Transporters from a Halophyte, Sporobolus virginicus, Mediate Both K+ and Na+ Transport in Transgenic Arabidopsis, X. laevis Oocytes and Yeast. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:176-187. [PMID: 30325438 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Class II high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) have been proposed to mediate Na+-K+ co-transport in plants, as well as Na+ and K+ homeostasis under K+-starved and saline environments. We identified class II HKTs, namely SvHKT2;1 and SvHKT2;2 (SvHKTs), from the halophytic turf grass, Sporobolus virginicus. SvHKT2;2 expression in S. virginicus was up-regulated by NaCl treatment, while SvHKT2;1 expression was assumed to be up-regulated by K+ starvation and down-regulated by NaCl treatment. Localization analysis revealed SvHKTs predominantly targeted the plasma membrane. SvHKTs complemented K+ uptake deficiency in mutant yeast, and showed both inward and outward K+ and Na+ transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes. When constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis, SvHKTs mediated K+ and Na+ accumulation in shoots under K+-starved conditions, and the K+ concentration in xylem saps of transformants was also higher than in those of wild-type plants. These results suggest transporter-enhanced K+ and Na+ uploading to the xylem from xylem parenchyma cells. Together, our data demonstrate that SvHKTs mediate both outward and inward K+ and Na+ transport in X. laevis oocytes, and possibly in plant and yeast cells, depending on the ionic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tada
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Endo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mineo Shibasaka
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakahara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Fluctuating selection on migrant adaptive sodium transporter alleles in coastal Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E12443-E12452. [PMID: 30530653 PMCID: PMC6310793 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816964115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressors such as soil salinity and dehydration are major constraints on plant growth, causing worldwide crop losses. Compounding these insults, increasing climate volatility requires adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Salinity stress responses are relatively well understood in Arabidopsis thaliana, making this system suited for the rapid molecular dissection of evolutionary mechanisms. In a large-scale genomic analysis of Catalonian A. thaliana, we resequenced 77 individuals from multiple salinity gradients along the coast and integrated these data with 1,135 worldwide A. thaliana genomes for a detailed understanding of the demographic and evolutionary dynamics of naturally evolved salinity tolerance. This revealed that Catalonian varieties adapted to highly fluctuating soil salinity are not Iberian relicts but instead have immigrated to this region more recently. De novo genome assembly of three allelic variants of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT1;1) locus resolved structural variation between functionally distinct alleles undergoing fluctuating selection in response to seasonal changes in soil salinity. Plants harboring alleles responsible for low root expression of HKT1;1 and consequently high leaf sodium (HKT1;1 HLS ) were migrants that have moved specifically into areas where soil sodium levels fluctuate widely due to geography and rainfall variation. We demonstrate that the proportion of plants harboring HKT1;1 HLS alleles correlates with soil sodium level over time, HKT1;1 HLS -harboring plants are better adapted to intermediate levels of salinity, and the HKT1;1 HLS allele clusters with high-sodium accumulator accessions worldwide. Together, our evidence suggests that HKT1;1 is under fluctuating selection in response to climate volatility and is a worldwide determinant in adaptation to saline conditions.
Collapse
|
129
|
Hu L, Zhou K, Li Y, Chen X, Liu B, Li C, Gong X, Ma F. Exogenous myo-inositol alleviates salinity-induced stress in Malus hupehensis Rehd. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 133:116-126. [PMID: 30399545 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol mediates various physiological processes and stress responses. Here, we investigated its role in Malus hupehensis Rehd. plants when grown hydroponically under saline conditions. Salt-stressed plants showed reduced growth and marked declines in photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll concentrations. However, pretreatment with 50 μM myo-inositol significantly alleviated those inhibitions and enabled plants to maintain their photosynthetic capacity. In addition to changing stomatal behavior, exogenous myo-inositol inhibited ROS accumulation and Na+ uptake. In contrast, activities of antioxidant systems were enhanced, and expression was elevated for genes involved in Na+ uptake (e.g., HKT1, NHX1, SOS1, and SOS2). This exogenous application also provoked the accumulation of sugars or sugar alcohols, which partially contributed to the maintenance of osmotic balance, and the scavenging of ROS, either directly or indirectly. In summary, myo-inositol appears to alleviate the salt-induced inhibition of physiological processes for M. hupehensis, not only by supporting the plant's antioxidant defense system but also by mediating Na+ and K+ homeostasis and the osmotic balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yangtiansu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Zhang GB, Meng S, Gong JM. The Expected and Unexpected Roles of Nitrate Transporters in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance and Their Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113535. [PMID: 30423982 PMCID: PMC6274899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate transporters are primarily responsible for absorption of nitrate from soil and nitrate translocation among different parts of plants. They deliver nitrate to where it is needed. However, recent studies have revealed that nitrate transporters are extensively involved in coping with adverse environmental conditions besides limited nitrate/nitrogen availability. In this review, we describe the functions of the nitrate transporters related to abiotic stresses and their regulation. The expected and unexpected roles of nitrate transporters in plant abiotic stress resistance will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuan Meng
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji-Ming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Han Y, Yin S, Huang L, Wu X, Zeng J, Liu X, Qiu L, Munns R, Chen ZH, Zhang G. A Sodium Transporter HvHKT1;1 Confers Salt Tolerance in Barley via Regulating Tissue and Cell Ion Homeostasis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1976-1989. [PMID: 29917153 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that high salt tolerance in Tibetan wild barley accessions was associated with HvHKT1;1, a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter family. However, molecular mechanisms of HvHKT1;1 for salt tolerance and its roles in K+/Na+ homeostasis remain to be elucidated. Functional characterization of HvHKT1;1 was conducted in the present study. NaCl-induced transcripts of HvHKT1;1 were significantly higher in the roots of Tibetan wild barley XZ16 relative to other genotypes, being closely associated with its higher biomass and lower tissue Na+ content under salt stress. Heterologous expression of HvHKT1;1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that HvHKT1;1 had higher selectivity for Na+ over K+ and other monovalent cations. HvHKT1;1 was found to be localized at the cell plasma membrane of root stele and epidermis. Knock-down of HvHKT1;1 in barley led to higher Na+ accumulation in both roots and leaves, while overexpression of HvHKT1;1 in salt-sensitive Arabidopsis hkt1-4 and sos1-12 loss-of-function lines resulted in significantly less shoot and root Na+ accumulation. Additionally, microelectrode ion flux measurements and root elongation assay revealed that the transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited a remarkable capacity for regulation of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+ homeostasis under salt stress. These results indicate that HvHKT1;1 is critical in radial root Na+ transport, which eventually reduces shoot Na+ accumulation. Additionally, HvHKT1;1 may be indirectly involved in retention of K+ and Ca2+ in root cells, which also improves plant salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuya Yin
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Wu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zeng
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Qiu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Niu M, Xie J, Chen C, Cao H, Sun J, Kong Q, Shabala S, Shabala L, Huang Y, Bie Z. An early ABA-induced stomatal closure, Na+ sequestration in leaf vein and K+ retention in mesophyll confer salt tissue tolerance in Cucurbita species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4945-4960. [PMID: 29992291 PMCID: PMC6137988 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissue tolerance to salinity stress is a complex physiological trait composed of multiple 'sub-traits' such as Na+ compartmentalization, K+ retention, and osmotic tolerance. Previous studies have shown that some Cucurbita species employ tissue tolerance to combat salinity and we aimed to identify the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved. Five C. maxima (salt-tolerant) and five C. moschata (salt-sensitive) genotypes were comprehensively assessed for their salt tolerance mechanisms and the results showed that tissue-specific transport characteristics enabled the more tolerant lines to deal with the salt load. This mechanism was associated with the ability of the tolerant species to accumulate more Na+ in the leaf vein and to retain more K+ in the leaf mesophyll. In addition, C. maxima more efficiently retained K+ in the roots when exposed to transient NaCl stress and it was also able to store more Na+ in the xylem parenchyma and cortex in the leaf vein. Compared with C. moschata, C. maxima was also able to rapidly close stomata at early stages of salt stress, thus avoiding water loss; this difference was attributed to higher accumulation of ABA in the leaf. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed critical roles of high-affinity potassium (HKT1) and intracellular Na+/H+ (NHX4/6) transporters as components of the mechanism enabling Na+ exclusion from the leaf mesophyll and Na+ sequestration in the leaf vein. Also essential was a higher expression of NCED3s (encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, a key rate-limiting enzyme in ABA biosynthesis), which resulted in greater ABA accumulation in the mesophyll and earlier stomata closure in C. maxima.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Niu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Xie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Haishun Cao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, P. R. China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Zhilong Bie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Sun J, Cao H, Cheng J, He X, Sohail H, Niu M, Huang Y, Bie Z. Pumpkin CmHKT1;1 Controls Shoot Na⁺ Accumulation via Limiting Na⁺ Transport from Rootstock to Scion in Grafted Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2648. [PMID: 30200653 PMCID: PMC6165489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity adversely affects the growth and yield of crops, including cucumber, one of the most important vegetables in the world. Grafting with salt-tolerant pumpkin as the rootstock effectively improves the growth of cucumber under different salt conditions by limiting Na⁺ transport from the pumpkin rootstock to the cucumber scion. High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) are crucial for the long distance transport of Na⁺ in plants, but the function of pumpkin HKTs in this process of grafted cucumber plants remains unclear. In this work, we have characterized CmHKT1;1 as a member of the HKT gene family in Cucurbita moschata and observed an obvious upregulation of CmHKT1;1 in roots under NaCl stress conditions. Heterologous expression analyses in yeast mutants indicated that CmHKT1;1 is a Na⁺-selective transporter. The transient expression in tobacco epidermal cells and in situ hybridization showed CmHKT1;1 localization at plasma membrane, and preferential expression in root stele. Moreover, ectopic expression of CmHKT1;1 in cucumber decreased the Na⁺ accumulation in the plants shoots. Finally, the CmHKT1;1 transgenic line as the rootstock decreased the Na⁺ content in the wild type shoots. These findings suggest that CmHKT1;1 plays a key role in the salt tolerance of grafted cucumber by limiting Na⁺ transport from the rootstock to the scion and can further be useful for engineering salt tolerance in cucurbit crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Haishun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jintao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaomeng He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mengliang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Ali A, Khan IU, Jan M, Khan HA, Hussain S, Nisar M, Chung WS, Yun DJ. The High-Affinity Potassium Transporter EpHKT1;2 From the Extremophile Eutrema parvula Mediates Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1108. [PMID: 30105045 PMCID: PMC6077265 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To survive salt stress, plants must maintain a balance between sodium and potassium ions. High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) play a key role in reducing Na+ toxicity through K+ uptake. Eutrema parvula (formerly known as Thellungiella parvula), a halophyte closely related to Arabidopsis, has two HKT1 genes that encode EpHKT1;1 and EpHKT1;2. In response to high salinity, the EpHKT1;2 transcript level increased rapidly; by contrast, the EpHKT1;1 transcript increased more slowly in response to salt treatment. Yeast cells expressing EpHKT1;2 were able to tolerate high concentrations of NaCl, whereas EpHKT1;1-expressing yeast cells remained sensitive to NaCl. Amino acid sequence alignment with other plant HKTs showed that EpHKT1;1 contains an asparagine residue (Asn-213) in the second pore-loop domain, but EpHKT1;2 contains an aspartic acid residue (Asp-205) at the same position. Yeast cells expressing EpHKT1;1, in which Asn-213 was substituted with Asp, were able to tolerate high concentrations of NaCl. In contrast, substitution of Asp-205 by Asn in EpHKT1;2 did not enhance salt tolerance and rather resulted in a similar function to that of AtHKT1 (Na+ influx but no K+ influx), indicating that the presence of Asn or Asp determines the mode of cation selectivity of the HKT1-type transporters. Moreover, Arabidopsis plants (Col-gl) overexpressing EpHKT1;2 showed significantly higher tolerance to salt stress and accumulated less Na+ and more K+ compared to those overexpressing EpHKT1;1 or AtHKT1. Taken together, these results suggest that EpHKT1;2 mediates tolerance to Na+ ion toxicity in E. parvula and is a major contributor to its halophytic nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Masood Jan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Haris Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shah Hussain
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Xu H, Shi X, He L, Guo Y, Zang D, Li H, Zhang W, Wang Y. Arabidopsis thaliana Trihelix Transcription Factor AST1 Mediates Salt and Osmotic Stress Tolerance by Binding to a Novel AGAG-Box and Some GT Motifs. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:946-965. [PMID: 29420810 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Trihelix transcription factors are characterized by containing a conserved trihelix (helix-loop-helix-loop-helix) domain that binds to GT elements required for light response, and they play roles in light stress and in abiotic stress responses. However, only a few of them have been functionally characterized. In the present study, we characterized the function of AST1 (Arabidopsis SIP1 clade Trihelix1) in response to salt and osmotic stress. AST1 shows transcriptional activation activity, and its expression is induced by osmotic and salt stress. A conserved sequence highly present in the promoters of genes regulated by AST1 was identified, which was bound by AST1, and termed the AGAG-box with the sequence [A/G][G/A][A/T]GAGAG. Additionally, AST1 also binds to some GT motifs including the sequence of GGTAATT, TACAGT, GGTAAAT and GGTAAA, but failed in binding to the sequence of GTTAC and GGTTAA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis suggested that AST1 binds to the AGAG-box and/or some GT motifs to regulate the expression of stress tolerance genes, resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species, Na+ accumulation, stomatal apertures, lipid peroxidation, cell death and water loss rate, and increased proline content and reactive oxygen species scavenging capability. These physiological changes affected by AST1 finally improve salt and osmotic tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dandan Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Flam-Shepherd R, Huynh WQ, Coskun D, Hamam AM, Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ. Membrane fluxes, bypass flows, and sodium stress in rice: the influence of silicon. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1679-1692. [PMID: 29342282 PMCID: PMC5889039 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Provision of silicon (Si) to roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) can alleviate salt stress by blocking apoplastic, transpirational bypass flow of Na+ from root to shoot. However, little is known about how Si affects Na+ fluxes across cell membranes. Here, we measured radiotracer fluxes of 24Na+, plasma membrane depolarization, tissue ion accumulation, and transpirational bypass flow, to examine the influence of Si on Na+ transport patterns in hydroponically grown, salt-sensitive (cv. IR29) and salt-tolerant (cv. Pokkali) rice. Si increased growth and lowered [Na+] in shoots of both cultivars, with minor effects in roots; neither root nor shoot [K+] were affected. In IR29, Si lowered shoot [Na+] via a large reduction in bypass flow, while in Pokkali, where bypass flow was small and not affected by Si, this was achieved mainly via a growth dilution of shoot Na+. Si had no effect on unidirectional 24Na+ fluxes (influx and efflux), or on Na+-stimulated plasma-membrane depolarization, in either IR29 or Pokkali. We conclude that, while Si can reduce Na+ translocation via bypass flow in some (but not all) rice cultivars, it does not affect unidirectional Na+ transport or Na+ cycling in roots, either across root cell membranes or within the bulk root apoplast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubens Flam-Shepherd
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wayne Q Huynh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Hamam
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dev T Britto
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences and Canadian Centre for World Hunger Research (CCWHR), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Xu B, Waters S, Byrt CS, Plett D, Tyerman SD, Tester M, Munns R, Hrmova M, Gilliham M. Structural variations in wheat HKT1;5 underpin differences in Na + transport capacity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1133-1144. [PMID: 29177534 PMCID: PMC11105589 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An important trait associated with the salt tolerance of wheat is the exclusion of sodium ions (Na+) from the shoot. We have previously shown that the sodium transporters TmHKT1;5-A and TaHKT1;5-D, from Triticum monoccocum (Tm) and Triticum aestivum (Ta), are encoded by genes underlying the major shoot Na+-exclusion loci Nax1 and Kna1, respectively. Here, using heterologous expression, we show that the affinity (K m) for the Na+ transport of TmHKT1;5-A, at 2.66 mM, is higher than that of TaHKT1;5-D at 7.50 mM. Through 3D structural modelling, we identify residues D471/a gap and D474/G473 that contribute to this property. We identify four additional mutations in amino acid residues that inhibit the transport activity of TmHKT1;5-A, which are predicted to be the result of an occlusion of the pore. We propose that the underlying transport properties of TmHKT1;5-A and TaHKT1;5-D contribute to their unique ability to improve Na+ exclusion in wheat that leads to an improved salinity tolerance in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Shane Waters
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Darren Plett
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Mark Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Munns
- School of Agriculture and Environment, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and Waite Research Institute, Waite Research Precinct, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Zhang M, Cao Y, Wang Z, Wang ZQ, Shi J, Liang X, Song W, Chen Q, Lai J, Jiang C. A retrotransposon in an HKT1 family sodium transporter causes variation of leaf Na + exclusion and salt tolerance in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1161-1176. [PMID: 29139111 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of several major abiotic stresses that constrain maize productivity worldwide. An improved understanding of salt-tolerance mechanisms will thus enhance the breeding of salt-tolerant maize and boost productivity. Previous studies have indicated that the maintenance of leaf Na+ concentration is essential for maize salt tolerance, and the difference in leaf Na+ exclusion has previously been associated with variation in salt tolerance between maize varieties. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a maize salt-tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL), Zea mays Na+ Content1 (ZmNC1), which encodes an HKT-type transporter (designated as ZmHKT1). We show that a natural ZmHKT1 loss-of-function allele containing a retrotransposon insertion confers increased accumulation of Na+ in leaves, and salt hypersensitivity. We next show that ZmHKT1 encodes a plasma membrane-localized Na+ -selective transporter, and is preferentially expressed in root stele (including the parenchyma cells surrounding the xylem vessels). We also show that loss of ZmHKT1 function increases xylem sap Na+ concentration and causes increased root-to-shoot Na+ delivery, indicating that ZmHKT1 promotes leaf Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance by withdrawing Na+ from the xylem sap. We conclude that ZmHKT1 is a major salt-tolerance QTL and identifies an important new gene target in breeding for improved maize salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junpeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center of China, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center of China, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and National Maize Improvement Center of China, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Henderson SW, Dunlevy JD, Wu Y, Blackmore DH, Walker RR, Edwards EJ, Gilliham M, Walker AR. Functional differences in transport properties of natural HKT1;1 variants influence shoot Na + exclusion in grapevine rootstocks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1113-1127. [PMID: 29160564 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Under salinity, Vitis spp. rootstocks can mediate salt (NaCl) exclusion from grafted V. vinifera scions enabling higher grapevine yields and production of superior wines with lower salt content. Until now, the genetic and mechanistic elements controlling sodium (Na+ ) exclusion in grapevine were unknown. Using a cross between two Vitis interspecific hybrid rootstocks, we mapped a dominant quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with leaf Na+ exclusion (NaE) under salinity stress. The NaE locus encodes six high-affinity potassium transporters (HKT). Transcript profiling and functional characterization in heterologous systems identified VisHKT1;1 as the best candidate gene for controlling leaf Na+ exclusion. We characterized four proteins encoded by unique VisHKT1;1 alleles from the parents, and revealed that the dominant HKT variants exhibit greater Na+ conductance with less rectification than the recessive variants. Mutagenesis of VisHKT1;1 and TaHKT1.5-D from bread wheat, demonstrated that charged amino acid residues in the eighth predicted transmembrane domain of HKT proteins reduces inward Na+ conductance, and causes inward rectification of Na+ transport. The origin of the recessive VisHKT1;1 alleles was traced to V. champinii and V. rupestris. We propose that the genetic and functional data presented here will assist with breeding Na+ -tolerant grapevine rootstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam W Henderson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Jake D Dunlevy
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Yue Wu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Deidre H Blackmore
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Rob R Walker
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Everard J Edwards
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Amanda R Walker
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
T-DNA Tagging-Based Gain-of-Function of OsHKT1;4 Reinforces Na Exclusion from Leaves and Stems but Triggers Na Toxicity in Roots of Rice Under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010235. [PMID: 29329278 PMCID: PMC5796183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The high affinity K⁺ transporter 1;4 (HKT1;4) in rice (Oryza sativa), which shows Na⁺ selective transport with little K⁺ transport activity, has been suggested to be involved in reducing Na in leaves and stems under salt stress. However, detailed physiological roles of OsHKT1;4 remain unknown. Here, we have characterized a transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion mutant line of rice, which overexpresses OsHKT1;4, owing to enhancer elements in the T-DNA, to gain an insight into the impact of OsHKT1;4 on salt tolerance of rice. The homozygous mutant (the O/E line) accumulated significantly lower concentrations of Na in young leaves, stems, and seeds than the sibling WT line under salt stress. Interestingly, however, the mutation rendered the O/E plants more salt sensitive than WT plants. Together with the evaluation of biomass of rice lines, rhizosphere acidification assays using a pH indicator bromocresol purple and 22NaCl tracer experiments have led to an assumption that roots of O/E plants suffered heavier damages from Na which excessively accumulated in the root due to increased activity of Na⁺ uptake and Na⁺ exclusion in the vasculature. Implications toward the application of the HKT1-mediated Na⁺ exclusion system to the breeding of salt tolerant crop cultivars will be discussed.
Collapse
|
141
|
Yang Y, Guo Y. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms mediating plant salt-stress responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:523-539. [PMID: 29205383 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 523 I. Introduction 523 II. Sensing salt stress 524 III. Ion homeostasis regulation 524 IV. Metabolite and cell activity responses to salt stress 527 V. Conclusions and perspectives 532 Acknowledgements 533 References 533 SUMMARY: Excess soluble salts in soil (saline soils) are harmful to most plants. Salt imposes osmotic, ionic, and secondary stresses on plants. Over the past two decades, many determinants of salt tolerance and their regulatory mechanisms have been identified and characterized using molecular genetics and genomics approaches. This review describes recent progress in deciphering the mechanisms controlling ion homeostasis, cell activity responses, and epigenetic regulation in plants under salt stress. Finally, we highlight research areas that require further research to reveal new determinants of salt tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Hazzouri KM, Khraiwesh B, Amiri KMA, Pauli D, Blake T, Shahid M, Mullath SK, Nelson D, Mansour AL, Salehi-Ashtiani K, Purugganan M, Masmoudi K. Mapping of HKT1;5 Gene in Barley Using GWAS Approach and Its Implication in Salt Tolerance Mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:156. [PMID: 29515598 PMCID: PMC5826053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na+) accumulation in the cytosol will result in ion homeostasis imbalance and toxicity of transpiring leaves. Studies of salinity tolerance in the diploid wheat ancestor Triticum monococcum showed that HKT1;5-like gene was a major gene in the QTL for salt tolerance, named Nax2. In the present study, we were interested in investigating the molecular mechanisms underpinning the role of the HKT1;5 gene in salt tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare). A USDA mini-core collection of 2,671 barley lines, part of a field trial was screened for salinity tolerance, and a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) was performed. Our results showed important SNPs that are correlated with salt tolerance that mapped to a region where HKT1;5 ion transporter located on chromosome four. Furthermore, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) content analysis revealed that tolerant lines accumulate more sodium in roots and leaf sheaths, than in the sensitive ones. In contrast, sodium concentration was reduced in leaf blades of the tolerant lines under salt stress. In the absence of NaCl, the concentration of Na+ and K+ were the same in the roots, leaf sheaths and leaf blades between the tolerant and the sensitive lines. In order to study the molecular mechanism behind that, alleles of the HKT1;5 gene from five tolerant and five sensitive barley lines were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis did not show the presence of any polymorphism that distinguishes between the tolerant and sensitive alleles. Our real-time RT-PCR experiments, showed that the expression of HKT1;5 gene in roots of the tolerant line was significantly induced after challenging the plants with salt stress. In contrast, in leaf sheaths the expression was decreased after salt treatment. In sensitive lines, there was no difference in the expression of HKT1;5 gene in leaf sheath under control and saline conditions, while a slight increase in the expression was observed in roots after salt treatment. These results provide stronger evidence that HKT1;5 gene in barley play a key role in withdrawing Na+ from the xylem and therefore reducing its transport to leaves. Given all that, these data support the hypothesis that HKT1;5 gene is responsible for Na+ unloading to the xylem and controlling its distribution in the shoots, which provide new insight into the understanding of this QTL for salinity tolerance in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Hazzouri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Khaled M. Hazzouri ;
| | - Basel Khraiwesh
- Laboratory of Algal and Systems Biology, New York University of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M. A. Amiri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Duke Pauli
- Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Tom Blake
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sangeeta K. Mullath
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Nelson
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alain L. Mansour
- Date Palm Tissue Culture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
- Laboratory of Algal and Systems Biology, New York University of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Khaled Masmoudi
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Khaleda L, Park HJ, Yun DJ, Jeon JR, Kim MG, Cha JY, Kim WY. Humic Acid Confers HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 1-Mediated Salinity Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Mol Cells 2017; 40:966-975. [PMID: 29276942 PMCID: PMC5750715 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive salt disrupts intracellular ion homeostasis and inhibits plant growth, which poses a serious threat to global food security. Plants have adapted various strategies to survive in unfavorable saline soil conditions. Here, we show that humic acid (HA) is a good soil amendment that can be used to help overcome salinity stress because it markedly reduces the adverse effects of salinity on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. To identify the molecular mechanisms of HA-induced salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, we examined possible roles of a sodium influx transporter HIGH-AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 1 (HKT1). Salt-induced root growth inhibition in HKT1 overexpressor transgenic plants (HKT1-OX) was rescued by application of HA, but not in wild-type and other plants. Moreover, salt-induced degradation of HKT1 protein was blocked by HA treatment. In addition, the application of HA to HKT1-OX seedlings led to increased distribution of Na+ in roots up to the elongation zone and caused the reabsorption of Na+ by xylem and parenchyma cells. Both the influx of the secondary messenger calcium and its cytosolic release appear to function in the destabilization of HKT1 protein under salt stress. Taken together, these results suggest that HA could be applied to the field to enhance plant growth and salt stress tolerance via post-transcriptional control of the HKT1 transporter gene under saline conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Khaleda
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Life Sciences (RILS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Jong-Rok Jeon
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Joon-Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Life Sciences (RILS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Life Sciences (RILS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry and Food Science & Technology, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Julkowska MM, Koevoets IT, Mol S, Hoefsloot H, Feron R, Tester MA, Keurentjes JJB, Korte A, Haring MA, de Boer GJ, Testerink C. Genetic Components of Root Architecture Remodeling in Response to Salt Stress. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:3198-3213. [PMID: 29114015 PMCID: PMC5757256 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity of the soil is highly detrimental to plant growth. Plants respond by a redistribution of root mass between main and lateral roots, yet the genetic machinery underlying this process is still largely unknown. Here, we describe the natural variation among 347 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in root system architecture (RSA) and identify the traits with highest natural variation in their response to salt. Salt-induced changes in RSA were associated with 100 genetic loci using genome-wide association studies. Two candidate loci associated with lateral root development were validated and further investigated. Changes in CYP79B2 expression in salt stress positively correlated with lateral root development in accessions, and cyp79b2 cyp79b3 double mutants developed fewer and shorter lateral roots under salt stress, but not in control conditions. By contrast, high HKT1 expression in the root repressed lateral root development, which could be partially rescued by addition of potassium. The collected data and multivariate analysis of multiple RSA traits, available through the Salt_NV_Root App, capture root responses to salinity. Together, our results provide a better understanding of effective RSA remodeling responses, and the genetic components involved, for plant performance in stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Julkowska
- Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iko T Koevoets
- Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selena Mol
- Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub Hoefsloot
- Biosystems Data Analysis, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Feron
- ENZA Zaden Research and Development, 1602DB Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A Tester
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal-Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Joost J B Keurentjes
- Applied Quantitative Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Korte
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Wuerzburg Universitat, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michel A Haring
- Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan de Boer
- ENZA Zaden Research and Development, 1602DB Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Testerink
- Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, 1090GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Gao YQ, Chen JG, Chen ZR, An D, Lv QY, Han ML, Wang YL, Salt DE, Chao DY. A new vesicle trafficking regulator CTL1 plays a crucial role in ion homeostasis. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002978. [PMID: 29284002 PMCID: PMC5746208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion homeostasis is essential for plant growth and environmental adaptation, and maintaining ion homeostasis requires the precise regulation of various ion transporters, as well as correct root patterning. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely elusive. Here, we reported that a choline transporter gene, CTL1, controls ionome homeostasis by regulating the secretory trafficking of proteins required for plasmodesmata (PD) development, as well as the transport of some ion transporters. Map-based cloning studies revealed that CTL1 mutations alter the ion profile of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the phenotypes associated with these mutations are caused by a combination of PD defects and ion transporter misregulation. We also established that CTL1 is involved in regulating vesicle trafficking and is thus required for the trafficking of proteins essential for ion transport and PD development. Characterizing choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1) as a new regulator of protein sorting may enable researchers to understand not only ion homeostasis in plants but also vesicle trafficking in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Geng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ru Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong An
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Ling Han
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - David E. Salt
- Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Kaashyap M, Ford R, Bohra A, Kuvalekar A, Mantri N. Improving Salt Tolerance of Chickpea Using Modern Genomics Tools and Molecular Breeding. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:557-567. [PMID: 29204084 PMCID: PMC5684649 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170705155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high protein value, essential minerals, dietary fibre and notable ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen make chickpea a highly remunerative crop, particularly in low-input food production systems. Of the variety of constraints challenging chickpea productivity worldwide, salinity remains of prime concern owing to the intrinsic sensitivity of the crop. In view of the projected expansion of chickpea into arable and salt-stressed land by 2050, increasing attention is being placed on improving the salt tolerance of this crop. Considerable effort is currently underway to address salinity stress and substantial breeding progress is being made despite the seemingly highly-complex and environment-dependent nature of the tolerance trait. CONCLUSION This review aims to provide a holistic view of recent advances in breeding chickpea for salt tolerance. Initially, we focus on the identification of novel genetic resources for salt tolerance via extensive germplasm screening. We then expand on the use of genome-wide and cost-effective techniques to gain new insights into the genetic control of salt tolerance, including the responsive genes/QTL(s), gene(s) networks/cross talk and intricate signalling cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Aniket Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411043, India
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3000, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Nishijima T, Furuhashi M, Sakaoka S, Morikami A, Tsukagoshi H. Ectopic expression of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum sodium transporter McHKT2 provides salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:2139-2144. [PMID: 29017432 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1383847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Most plants do not tolerate highly saline environments; the development of salt stress tolerance is crucial for improving crop yield. An efficient way of finding genes involved in salt tolerance is to study and use data from halophytes. In this study, we used the Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant) expression data-set and selected for further study the gene McHKT2, which encodes for the Arabidopsis sodium transporter ortholog AtHKT1. In comparison with the HKT1 amino acid sequences from other plants, McHKT2 has several unique features. It seems to be localized to the plasma membrane, and its overexpression confers strong salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results indicate that McHKT2 is a suitable candidate protein that can induce salt tolerance in non-halophytes. Like McHKT2, using transcriptome data-sets from halophytes such as ice plant give us an efficiency way to obtain new gene resources that might involve in plant salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Nishijima
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Meijo University , Tempaku-ku, Nagoya , Japan
| | - Megumi Furuhashi
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Meijo University , Tempaku-ku, Nagoya , Japan
| | - Satomi Sakaoka
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Meijo University , Tempaku-ku, Nagoya , Japan
| | - Atsushi Morikami
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Meijo University , Tempaku-ku, Nagoya , Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Abdelaziz ME, Kim D, Ali S, Fedoroff NV, Al-Babili S. The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica enhances Arabidopsis thaliana growth and modulates Na +/K + homeostasis under salt stress conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:107-115. [PMID: 28818365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mutualistic, endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica has been shown to confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to host plants. In this study, we investigated the impact of P. indica on the growth of Arabidopsis plants under normal and salt stress conditions. Our results demonstrate that P. indica colonization increases plant biomass, lateral roots density, and chlorophyll content under both conditions. Colonization with P. indica under salt stress was accompanied by a lower Na+/K+ ratio and less pronounced accumulation of anthocyanin, compared to control plants. Moreover, P. indica colonized roots under salt stress showed enhanced transcript levels of the genes encoding the high Affinity Potassium Transporter 1 (HKT1) and the inward-rectifying K+ channels KAT1 and KAT2, which play key roles in regulating Na+ and K+ homeostasis. The effect of P. indica colonization on AtHKT1;1 expression was also confirmed in the Arabidopsis line gl1-HKT:AtHKT1;1 that expresses an additional AtHKT1;1 copy driven by the native promoter. Colonization of the gl1-HKT:AtHKT1;1 by P. indica also increased lateral roots density and led to a better Na+/K+ ratio, which may be attributed to the observed increase in KAT1 and KAT2 transcript levels. Our findings demonstrate that P. indica colonization promotes Arabidopsis growth under salt stress conditions and that this effect is likely caused by modulation of the expression levels of the major Na+ and K+ ion channels, which allows establishing a balanced ion homeostasis of Na+/K+ under salt stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abdelaziz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dongjin Kim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Shawkat Ali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nina V Fedoroff
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Villarino GH, Hu Q, Scanlon MJ, Mueller L, Bombarely A, Mattson NS. Dissecting Tissue-Specific Transcriptomic Responses from Leaf and Roots under Salt Stress in Petunia hybrida Mitchell. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8080195. [PMID: 28771200 PMCID: PMC5575659 DOI: 10.3390/genes8080195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary objectives of plant biotechnology is to increase resistance to abiotic stresses, such as salinity. Salinity is a major abiotic stress and increasing crop resistant to salt continues to the present day as a major challenge. Salt stress disturbs cellular environment leading to protein misfolding, affecting normal plant growth and causing agricultural losses worldwide. The advent of state-of-the-art technologies such as high throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized whole-transcriptome analysis by allowing, with high precision, to measure changes in gene expression. In this work, we used tissue-specific RNA-seq to gain insight into the Petunia hybrida transcriptional responses under NaCl stress using a controlled hydroponic system. Roots and leaves samples were taken from a continuum of 48 h of acute 150 mM NaCl. This analysis revealed a set of tissue and time point specific differentially expressed genes, such as genes related to transport, signal transduction, ion homeostasis as well as novel and undescribed genes, such as Peaxi162Scf00003g04130 and Peaxi162Scf00589g00323 expressed only in roots under salt stress. In this work, we identified early and late expressed genes in response to salt stress while providing a core of differentially express genes across all time points and tissues, including the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (TPS1), a glycosyltransferase reported in salt tolerance in other species. To test the function of the novel petunia TPS1 allele, we cloned and showed that TPS1 is a functional plant gene capable of complementing the trehalose biosynthesis pathway in a yeast tps1 mutant. The list of candidate genes to enhance salt tolerance provided in this work constitutes a major effort to better understand the detrimental effects of salinity in petunia with direct implications for other economically important Solanaceous species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo H Villarino
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Qiwen Hu
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Michael J Scanlon
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Lukas Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Neil S Mattson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Kobayashi NI, Yamaji N, Yamamoto H, Okubo K, Ueno H, Costa A, Tanoi K, Matsumura H, Fujii-Kashino M, Horiuchi T, Nayef MA, Shabala S, An G, Ma JF, Horie T. OsHKT1;5 mediates Na + exclusion in the vasculature to protect leaf blades and reproductive tissues from salt toxicity in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 91:657-670. [PMID: 28488420 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance quantitative trait loci analysis of rice has revealed that the SKC1 locus, which is involved in a higher K+ /Na+ ratio in shoots, corresponds to the OsHKT1;5 gene encoding a Na+ -selective transporter. However, physiological roles of OsHKT1;5 in rice exposed to salt stress remain elusive, and no OsHKT1;5 gene disruption mutants have been characterized to date. In this study, we dissected two independent T-DNA insertional OsHKT1;5 mutants. Measurements of ion contents in tissues and 22 Na+ tracer imaging experiments showed that loss-of-function of OsHKT1;5 in salt-stressed rice roots triggers massive Na+ accumulation in shoots. Salt stress-induced increases in the OsHKT1;5 transcript were observed in roots and basal stems, including basal nodes. Immuno-staining using an anti-OsHKT1;5 peptide antibody indicated that OsHKT1;5 is localized in cells adjacent to the xylem in roots. Additionally, direct introduction of 22 Na+ tracer to leaf sheaths also demonstrated the involvement of OsHKT1;5 in xylem Na+ unloading in leaf sheaths. Furthermore, OsHKT1;5 was indicated to be present in the plasma membrane and found to localize also in the phloem of diffuse vascular bundles in basal nodes. Together with the characteristic 22 Na+ allocation in the blade of the developing immature leaf in the mutants, these results suggest a novel function of OsHKT1;5 in mediating Na+ exclusion in the phloem to prevent Na+ transfer to young leaf blades. Our findings further demonstrate that the function of OsHKT1;5 is crucial over growth stages of rice, including the protection of the next generation seeds as well as of vital leaf blades under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kaoru Okubo
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueno
- Gene Research Center, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio, Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsumura
- Gene Research Center, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Miho Fujii-Kashino
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Horiuchi
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mohammad Al Nayef
- School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, Kyungbuk, 446-701, Korea
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo, 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| |
Collapse
|