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Noctor G, Lelarge-Trouverie C, Mhamdi A. The metabolomics of oxidative stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:33-53. [PMID: 25306398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from increased availability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key component of many responses of plants to challenging environmental conditions. The consequences for plant metabolism are complex and manifold. We review data on small compounds involved in oxidative stress, including ROS themselves and antioxidants and redox buffers in the membrane and soluble phases, and we discuss the wider consequences for plant primary and secondary metabolism. While metabolomics has been exploited in many studies on stress, there have been relatively few non-targeted studies focused on how metabolite signatures respond specifically to oxidative stress. As part of the discussion, we present results and reanalyze published datasets on metabolite profiles in catalase-deficient plants, which can be considered to be model oxidative stress systems. We emphasize the roles of ROS-triggered changes in metabolites as potential oxidative signals, and discuss responses that might be useful as markers for oxidative stress. Particular attention is paid to lipid-derived compounds, the status of antioxidants and antioxidant breakdown products, altered metabolism of amino acids, and the roles of phytohormone pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | | | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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102
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Sambe MAN, He X, Tu Q, Guo Z. A cold-induced myo-inositol transporter-like gene confers tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:355-64. [PMID: 25131886 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A full length cDNA encoding a myo-inositol transporter-like protein, named as MfINT-like, was cloned from Medicago sativa subsp. falcata (herein falcata), a species with greater cold tolerance than alfalfa (M. sativa subsp. sativa). MfINT-like is located on plasma membranes. MfINT-like transcript was induced 2-4 h after exogenous myo-inositol treatment, 24-96 h with cold, and 96 h by salinity. Given that myo-inositol accumulates higher in falcata after 24 h of cold treatment, myo-inositol is proposed to be involved in cold-induced expression of MfINT-like. Higher levels of myo-inositol was observed in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing MfINT-like than the wild-type but not in the roots of plants grown on myo-inositol containing medium, suggesting that transgenic plants had higher myo-inositol transport activity than the wild-type. Transgenic plants survived better to freezing temperature, and had lower ion leakage and higher maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv /Fm ) after chilling treatment. In addition, greater plant fresh weight was observed in transgenic plants as compared with the wild-type when plants were grown under drought or salinity stress. The results suggest that MfINT-like mediated transport of myo-inositol is associated with plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame Abdou Nahr Sambe
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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103
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Conde A, Regalado A, Rodrigues D, Costa JM, Blumwald E, Chaves MM, Gerós H. Polyols in grape berry: transport and metabolic adjustments as a physiological strategy for water-deficit stress tolerance in grapevine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:889-906. [PMID: 25433029 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyols are important metabolites that often function as carbon and energy sources and/or osmoprotective solutes in some plants. In grapevine, and in the grape berry in particular, the molecular aspects of polyol transport and metabolism and their physiological relevance are virtually unknown to date. Here, the biochemical function of a grapevine fruit mesocarp polyol transporter (VvPLT1) was characterized after its heterologous expression in yeast. This H(+)-dependent plasma membrane carrier transports mannitol (K m=5.4mM) and sorbitol (K m=9.5mM) over a broad range of polyols and monosaccharides. Water-deficit stress triggered an increase in the expression of VvPLT1 at the fully mature stage, allowing increased polyol uptake into pulp cells. Plant polyol dehydrogenases are oxireductases that reversibly oxidize polyols into monosaccharides. Mannitol catabolism in grape cells (K m=30.1mM mannitol) and mature berry mesocarps (K m=79mM) was, like sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, strongly inhibited (50-75%) by water-deficit stress. Simultaneously, fructose reduction into polyols via mannitol and sorbitol dehydrogenases was stimulated, contributing to their higher intracellular concentrations in water-deficit stress. Accordingly, the concentrations of mannitol, sorbitol, galactinol, myo-inositol, and dulcitol were significantly higher in berry mesocarps from water-deficit-stressed Tempranillo grapevines. Metabolomic profiling of the berry pulp by GC-TOF-MS also revealed many other changes in its composition induced by water deficit. The impact of polyols on grape berry composition and plant response to water deficit stress, via modifications in polyol transport and metabolism, was analysed by integrating metabolomics with transcriptional analysis and biochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Conde
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB-UM), Portugal Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Regalado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diana Rodrigues
- Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - J Miguel Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Manuela Chaves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB-UM), Portugal Grupo de Investigação em Biologia Vegetal Aplicada e Inovação Agroalimentar (AgroBioPlant), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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104
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Jain R, Lilley CJ, Urwin PE. Reduction of phytate by down-regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana MIPS and IPK1 genes alters susceptibility to beet cyst nematodes. NEMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytates are mixed cationic salts of phytic acid formed by sequential phosphorylation of myo-inositol. Phytate is a phosphorus storage molecule essential for cellular and hormonal signalling in plants but exhibits anti-nutrient properties in animals. Low phytate plants have reduced basal resistance towards microbial pathogens and reduced tolerance to environmental stresses resulting in compromised yields. We report that three mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, each with altered expression of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS) isoforms, show altered susceptibility towards infection by the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii. Disruption of MIPS2 accompanied by increased MIPS1 expression results in reduced cyst nematode infection. Lack of MIPS3 resulted in a higher proportion of second-stage juveniles in the early phase of infection, suggesting delayed nematode development on mips3 mutants. Reduction in total phytate by down-regulation of the inositol polyphosphate kinase gene (IPK1) resulted in higher susceptibility to cyst nematode infection but a reduced average size of adult females. However, specific down-regulation of MIPS gene expression reduces susceptibility as myo-inositol is required to feed into the myo-inositol oxygenase pathway, which has an important role in development of the cyst nematode feeding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritushree Jain
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Catherine J. Lilley
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter E. Urwin
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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105
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Bruggeman Q, Raynaud C, Benhamed M, Delarue M. To die or not to die? Lessons from lesion mimic mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:24. [PMID: 25688254 PMCID: PMC4311611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a ubiquitous genetically regulated process consisting in an activation of finely controlled signaling pathways that lead to cellular suicide. Although some aspects of PCD control appear evolutionary conserved between plants, animals and fungi, the extent of conservation remains controversial. Over the last decades, identification and characterization of several lesion mimic mutants (LMM) has been a powerful tool in the quest to unravel PCD pathways in plants. Thanks to progress in molecular genetics, mutations causing the phenotype of a large number of LMM and their related suppressors were mapped, and the identification of the mutated genes shed light on major pathways in the onset of plant PCD such as (i) the involvements of chloroplasts and light energy, (ii) the roles of sphingolipids and fatty acids, (iii) a signal perception at the plasma membrane that requires efficient membrane trafficking, (iv) secondary messengers such as ion fluxes and ROS and (v) the control of gene expression as the last integrator of the signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bruggeman
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université Paris-Sud, Saclay Plant SciencesOrsay, France
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université Paris-Sud, Saclay Plant SciencesOrsay, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université Paris-Sud, Saclay Plant SciencesOrsay, France
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marianne Delarue
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université Paris-Sud, Saclay Plant SciencesOrsay, France
- *Correspondence: Marianne Delarue, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université Paris-Sud, Saclay Plant Sciences, Bâtiment 630, Route de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France e-mail:
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106
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Yu S, Pilot G. Testing the efficiency of plant artificial microRNAs by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana reveals additional action at the translational level. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:622. [PMID: 25477887 PMCID: PMC4237044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) have become an important tool to assess gene functions due to their high efficiency and specificity to decrease target gene expression. Based on the observed degree of complementarity between microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets, it was widely accepted that plant miRNAs act at the mRNA stability level, while the animal miRNAs act at the translational level. Contrary to these canonical dogmas, recent evidence suggests that both plant and animal miRNAs act at both levels. Nevertheless, it is still impossible to predict the effect of an artificial miRNA on the stability or translation of the target mRNA in plants. Consequently, identifying and discarding inefficient amiRNAs prior to stable plant transformation would help getting suppressed mutants faster and at reduced cost. We designed and tested a method using transient expression of amiRNAs and the corresponding target genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to test the efficacy of amiRNAs for suppression of the target protein accumulation. The ability of the amiRNAs to suppress the target gene expression in N. benthamiana was then compared to that in stably transformed Arabidopsis. It was found that the efficacy of 16 amiRNAs, targeting a total of four genes, varied greatly. The effects of amiRNAs on target mRNA accumulation did not always correlate with target protein accumulation or the corresponding phenotypes, while a similar trend of the silencing efficacy of amiRNAs could be observed between N. benthamiana and stably transformed Arabidopsis. Our results showed that, similar to endogenous plant miRNAs, plant amiRNAs could act at the translational level, a property needed to be taken into account when testing the efficacy of individual amiRNAs. Preliminary tests in N. benthamiana can help determine which amiRNA would be the most likely to suppress target gene expression in stably transformed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- Department of Plant Pathology Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg, VA, USA
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107
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Bi FC, Liu Z, Wu JX, Liang H, Xi XL, Fang C, Sun TJ, Yin J, Dai GY, Rong C, Greenberg JT, Su WW, Yao N. Loss of ceramide kinase in Arabidopsis impairs defenses and promotes ceramide accumulation and mitochondrial H2O2 bursts. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3449-67. [PMID: 25149397 PMCID: PMC4176443 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana plants that lack ceramide kinase, encoded by ACCELERATED CELL DEATH5 (ACD5), display spontaneous programmed cell death late in development and accumulate substrates of ACD5. Here, we compared ceramide accumulation kinetics, defense responses, ultrastructural features, and sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in wild-type and acd5 plants during development and/or Botrytis cinerea infection. Quantitative sphingolipid profiling indicated that ceramide accumulation in acd5 paralleled the appearance of spontaneous cell death, and it was accompanied by autophagy and mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Plants lacking ACD5 differed significantly from the wild type in their responses to B. cinerea, showing earlier and higher increases in ceramides, greater disease, smaller cell wall appositions (papillae), reduced callose deposition and apoplastic ROS, and increased mitochondrial ROS. Together, these data show that ceramide kinase greatly affects sphingolipid metabolism and the site of ROS accumulation during development and infection, which likely explains the developmental and infection-related cell death phenotypes. The acd5 plants also showed an early defect in restricting B. cinerea germination and growth, which occurred prior to the onset of cell death. This early defect in B. cinerea restriction in acd5 points to a role for ceramide phosphate and/or the balance of ceramides in mediating early antifungal responses that are independent of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Cheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Xue-Li Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Ce Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Chan Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jean T Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Wei-Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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108
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Bruggeman Q, Garmier M, de Bont L, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Mazubert C, Benhamed M, Raynaud C, Bergounioux C, Delarue M. The Polyadenylation Factor Subunit CLEAVAGE AND POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR30: A Key Factor of Programmed Cell Death and a Regulator of Immunity in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 165:732-746. [PMID: 24706550 PMCID: PMC4044851 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.236083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for several aspects of plant life, including development and stress responses. Indeed, incompatible plant-pathogen interactions are well known to induce the hypersensitive response, a localized cell death. Mutational analyses have identified several key PCD components, and we recently identified the mips1 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which is deficient for the key enzyme catalyzing the limiting step of myoinositol synthesis. One of the most striking features of mips1 is the light-dependent formation of lesions on leaves due to salicylic acid (SA)-dependent PCD, revealing roles for myoinositol or inositol derivatives in the regulation of PCD. Here, we identified a regulator of plant PCD by screening for mutants that display transcriptomic profiles opposing that of the mips1 mutant. Our screen identified the oxt6 mutant, which has been described previously as being tolerant to oxidative stress. In the oxt6 mutant, a transfer DNA is inserted in the CLEAVAGE AND POLYADENYLATION SPECIFICITY FACTOR30 (CPSF30) gene, which encodes a polyadenylation factor subunit homolog. We show that CPSF30 is required for lesion formation in mips1 via SA-dependent signaling, that the prodeath function of CPSF30 is not mediated by changes in the glutathione status, and that CPSF30 activity is required for Pseudomonas syringae resistance. We also show that the oxt6 mutation suppresses cell death in other lesion-mimic mutants, including lesion-simulating disease1, mitogen-activated protein kinase4, constitutive expressor of pathogenesis-related genes5, and catalase2, suggesting that CPSF30 and, thus, the control of messenger RNA 3' end processing, through the regulation of SA production, is a key component of plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bruggeman
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
| | - Marie Garmier
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
| | - Linda de Bont
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
| | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
| | - Christelle Mazubert
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
| | - Catherine Bergounioux
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
| | - Marianne Delarue
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8618, Saclay Plant Sciences, F-91405 Orsay, France (Q.B., M.G., L.d.B., C.M., M.B., C.R., C.B., M.D.);Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale-Unité Mixte de Recherche-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1165-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, 91 057 Evry cedex, France (L.S.-T.); andDivision of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (M.B.)
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109
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Ritter A, Dittami SM, Goulitquer S, Correa JA, Boyen C, Potin P, Tonon T. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of copper stress acclimation in Ectocarpus siliculosus highlights signaling and tolerance mechanisms in brown algae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:116. [PMID: 24885189 PMCID: PMC4108028 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown algae are sessile macro-organisms of great ecological relevance in coastal ecosystems. They evolved independently from land plants and other multicellular lineages, and therefore hold several original ontogenic and metabolic features. Most brown algae grow along the coastal zone where they face frequent environmental changes, including exposure to toxic levels of heavy metals such as copper (Cu). RESULTS We carried out large-scale transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to decipher the short-term acclimation of the brown algal model E. siliculosus to Cu stress, and compared these data to results known for other abiotic stressors. This comparison demonstrates that Cu induces oxidative stress in E. siliculosus as illustrated by the transcriptomic overlap between Cu and H2O2 treatments. The common response to Cu and H2O2 consisted in the activation of the oxylipin and the repression of inositol signaling pathways, together with the regulation of genes coding for several transcription-associated proteins. Concomitantly, Cu stress specifically activated a set of genes coding for orthologs of ABC transporters, a P1B-type ATPase, ROS detoxification systems such as a vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase, and induced an increase of free fatty acid contents. Finally we observed, as a common abiotic stress mechanism, the activation of autophagic processes on one hand and the repression of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation on the other hand. CONCLUSIONS Comparisons with data from green plants indicate that some processes involved in Cu and oxidative stress response are conserved across these two distant lineages. At the same time the high number of yet uncharacterized brown alga-specific genes induced in response to copper stress underlines the potential to discover new components and molecular interactions unique to these organisms. Of particular interest for future research is the potential cross-talk between reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, myo-inositol-, and oxylipin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Ritter
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Present addresses: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Simon M Dittami
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Sophie Goulitquer
- Plate-forme MetaboMER, CNRS & UPMC, FR2424, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Juan A Correa
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catherine Boyen
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
| | - Thierry Tonon
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff cedex, France
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110
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Li S, Mhamdi A, Trotta A, Kangasjärvi S, Noctor G. The protein phosphatase subunit PP2A-B'γ is required to suppress day length-dependent pathogenesis responses triggered by intracellular oxidative stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:145-160. [PMID: 24299221 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress responses are influenced by growth day length, but little is known about how this occurs. A combined reverse genetics, metabolomics and proteomics approach was used to address this question in Arabidopsis thaliana. A catalase-deficient mutant (cat2), in which intracellular oxidative stress drives pathogenesis-related responses in a day length-dependent manner, was crossed with a knockdown mutant for a specific type 2A protein phosphatase subunit (pp2a-b'γ). In long days (LD), the pp2a-b'γ mutation reinforced cat2-triggered pathogenesis responses. In short days (SD), conditions in which pathogenesis-related responses were not activated in cat2, the additional presence of the pp2a-b'γ mutation allowed lesion formation, PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 (PR1) induction, salicylic acid (SA) and phytoalexin accumulation and the establishment of metabolite profiles that were otherwise observed in cat2 only in LD. Lesion formation in cat2 pp2a-b'γ in SD was genetically dependent on SA synthesis, and was associated with decreased PHYTOCHROME A transcripts. Phosphoproteomic analyses revealed that several potential protein targets accumulated in the double mutant, including recognized players in pathogenesis and key enzymes of primary metabolism. We conclude that the cat2 and pp2a-b'γ mutations interact synergistically, and that PP2A-B'γ is an important player in controlling day length-dependent responses to intracellular oxidative stress, possibly through phytochrome-linked pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Li
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Andrea Trotta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
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111
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Schmitz J, Heinrichs L, Scossa F, Fernie AR, Oelze ML, Dietz KJ, Rothbart M, Grimm B, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. The essential role of sugar metabolism in the acclimation response of Arabidopsis thaliana to high light intensities. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:1619-36. [PMID: 24523502 PMCID: PMC3967092 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde signals from chloroplasts are thought to control the expression of nuclear genes associated with plastidial processes such as acclimation to varying light conditions. Arabidopsis mutants altered in the day and night path of photoassimilate export from the chloroplasts served as tools to study the involvement of carbohydrates in high light (HL) acclimation. A double mutant impaired in the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator (TPT) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) (adg1-1/tpt-2) exhibits a HL-dependent depletion in endogenous carbohydrates combined with a severe growth and photosynthesis phenotype. The acclimation response of mutant and wild-type plants has been assessed in time series after transfer from low light (LL) to HL by analysing photosynthetic performance, carbohydrates, MgProtoIX (a chlorophyll precursor), and the ascorbate/glutathione redox system, combined with microarray-based transcriptomic and GC-MS-based metabolomic approaches. The data indicate that the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates (predominantly glucose) acts as a short-term response to HL exposure in both mutant and wild-type plants. Only if carbohydrates are depleted in the long term (e.g. after 2 d) is the acclimation response impaired, as observed in the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant. Furthermore, meta-analyses conducted with in-house and publicly available microarray data suggest that, in the long term, reactive oxygen species such as H₂O₂ can replace carbohydrates as signals. Moreover, a cross-talk exists between genes associated with the regulation of starch and lipid metabolism. The involvement of genes responding to phytohormones in HL acclimation appears to be less likely. Various candidate genes involved in retrograde control of nuclear gene expression emerged from the analyses of global gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- * Present address: Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luisa Heinrichs
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Federico Scossa
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
- Agriculture Research Council, Research Center for Vegetable Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Oelze
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maxi Rothbart
- Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstraße 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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112
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Qin Y, Song W, Xiao S, Yin G, Zhu Y, Yan Y, Hu Y. Stress-related genes distinctly expressed in unfertilized wheat ovaries under both normal and water deficit conditions whereas differed in fertilized ovaries. J Proteomics 2014; 102:11-27. [PMID: 24607492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, a proteomic approach was utilized to identify differentially accumulated proteins in developing wheat ovaries before and after fertilization and in response to water deficit. Proteins were extracted, quantified, and resolved by 2-DE at pH4-7. Statistical analysis of spot intensity was performed by using principal component analysis and samples were clustered by using Euclidean distance. In total, 136 differentially accumulated protein spots representing 88 unique proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Under normal conditions, stress-related proteins were abundant in unfertilized ovaries while proteins involved in the metabolism of energy and matter were enriched in fertilized ovaries just 48h after fertilization. Similar trends were observed in unfertilized and fertilized wheat ovaries under water deficit conditions, except for increased accumulation of stress-related proteins in fertilized ovaries. Some proteins required for normal development were not present in ovaries subjected to water deficit. Our comprehensive results provide new insights into the biochemical mechanisms involved in ovary development before and after fertilization and in tolerance to water deficit. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Fertilization initiates the most dramatic changes that occur in the life cycle of higher plants; research into differences in gene expression before and after ovary pollination can make a substantial contribution to understanding the physiological and biochemical processes associated with fertilization. To date, a small number of studies have examined changes in transcriptional activity of the developing plant embryo sac before and after fertilization. However, comparative proteomic analysis of wheat ovary development before and after fertilization, and in response to water deficit, has not yet been reported. Our comprehensive results provide new insights into the biochemical mechanisms involved in ovary development before and after fertilization and in tolerance to water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Wanlu Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Guangjun Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yueming Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yingkao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Williams SP, Rangarajan P, Donahue JL, Hess JE, Gillaspy GE. Regulation of Sucrose non-Fermenting Related Kinase 1 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:324. [PMID: 25071807 PMCID: PMC4090914 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Sucrose non-Fermenting Related Kinase 1 (SnRK1) proteins have been linked to regulation of energy and stress signaling in eukaryotes. In plants, there is a small SnRK1 gene family. While the SnRK1.1 gene has been well studied, the role other SnRK1 isoforms play in energy or stress signaling is less well understood. We used promoter:GUS analysis and found SnRK1.1 is broadly expressed, while SnRK1.2 is spatially restricted. SnRK1.2 is expressed most abundantly in hydathodes, at the base of leaf primordia, and in vascular tissues within both shoots and roots. We examined the impact that sugars have on SnRK1 gene expression and found that trehalose induces SnRK1.2 expression. Given that the SnRK1.1 and SnRK1.2 proteins are very similar at the amino acid level, we sought to address whether SnRK1.2 is capable of re-programming growth and development as has been seen previously with SnRK1.1 overexpression. While gain-of-function transgenic plants overexpressing two different isoforms of SnRK1.1 flower late as seen previously in other SnRK1.1 overexpressors, SnRK1.2 overexpressors flower early. In addition, SnRK1.2 overexpressors have increased leaf size and rosette diameter during early development, which is the opposite of SnRK1.1 overexpressors. We also investigated whether SnRK1.2 was localized to similar subcellular compartments as SnRK1.1, and found that both accumulate in the nucleus and cytoplasm in transient expression assays. In addition, we found SnRK1.1 accumulates in small puncta that appear after a mechanical wounding stress. Together, these data suggest key differences in regulation of the SnRK1.1 and SnRK1.2 genes in plants, and highlights differences overexpression of each gene has on the development of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Glenda E. Gillaspy
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
- *Correspondence: Glenda E. Gillaspy, Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA e-mail:
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Siddique S, Endres S, Sobczak M, Radakovic ZS, Fragner L, Grundler FMW, Weckwerth W, Tenhaken R, Bohlmann H. Myo-inositol oxygenase is important for the removal of excess myo-inositol from syncytia induced by Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:476-485. [PMID: 24117492 PMCID: PMC4285123 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase is the key enzyme of a pathway leading from myo-inositol to UDP-glucuronic acid. In Arabidopsis, myo-inositol oxygenase is encoded by four genes. All genes are strongly expressed in syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis roots. Here, we studied the effect of a quadruple myo-inositol oxygenase mutant on nematode development. We performed metabolite profiling of syncytia induced in roots of the myo-inositol oxygenase quadruple mutant. The role of galactinol in syncytia was studied using Arabidopsis lines with elevated galactinol levels and by supplying galactinol to wild-type seedlings. The quadruple myo-inositol oxygenase mutant showed a significant reduction in susceptibility to H. schachtii, and syncytia had elevated myo-inositol and galactinol levels and an elevated expression level of the antimicrobial thionin gene Thi2.1. This reduction in susceptibility could also be achieved by exogenous application of galactinol to wild-type seedlings. The primary function of myo-inositol oxygenase for syncytium development is probably not the production of UDP-glucuronic acid as a precursor for cell wall polysaccharides, but the reduction of myo-inositol levels and thereby a reduction in the galactinol level to avoid the induction of defence-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Siddique
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop
Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesA-1019, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Endres
- Plant Physiology, University of SalzburgHellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Miroslaw Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences
(SGGW)02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zoran S Radakovic
- INRES, Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, University
of BonnKarlrobert–Kreiten–Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Fragner
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of
ViennaA-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- INRES, Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, University
of BonnKarlrobert–Kreiten–Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, University of
ViennaA-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raimund Tenhaken
- Plant Physiology, University of SalzburgHellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Holger Bohlmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop
Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesA-1019, Vienna, Austria
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115
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Nourbakhsh A, Collakova E, Gillaspy GE. Characterization of the inositol monophosphatase gene family in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:725. [PMID: 25620968 PMCID: PMC4288329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of myo-inositol is crucial in multicellular eukaryotes for production of phosphatidylinositol and inositol phosphate signaling molecules. The myo-inositol monophosphatase (IMP) enzyme is required for the synthesis of myo-inositol, breakdown of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate, a second messenger involved in Ca(2+) signaling, and synthesis of L-galactose, a precursor of ascorbic acid. Two myo-inositol monophosphatase -like (IMPL) genes in Arabidopsis encode chloroplast proteins with homology to the prokaryotic IMPs and one of these, IMPL2, can complement a bacterial histidinol 1-phosphate phosphatase mutant defective in histidine synthesis, indicating an important role for IMPL2 in amino acid synthesis. To delineate how this small gene family functions in inositol synthesis and metabolism, we sought to compare recombinant enzyme activities, expression patterns, and impact of genetic loss-of-function mutations for each. Our data show that purified IMPL2 protein is an active histidinol-phosphate phosphatase enzyme in contrast to the IMPL1 enzyme, which has the ability to hydrolyze D-galactose 1-phosphate, and D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate, a breakdown product of D-inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate. Expression studies indicated that all three genes are expressed in multiple tissues, however, IMPL1 expression is restricted to above-ground tissues only. Identification and characterization of impl1 and impl2 mutants revealed no viable mutants for IMPL1, while two different impl2 mutants were identified and shown to be severely compromised in growth, which can be rescued by histidine. Analyses of metabolite levels in impl2 and complemented mutants reveals impl2 mutant growth is impacted by alterations in the histidine biosynthesis pathway, but does not impact myo-inositol synthesis. Together, these data indicate that IMPL2 functions in the histidine biosynthetic pathway, while IMP and IMPL1 catalyze the hydrolysis of inositol- and galactose-phosphates in the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Nourbakhsh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, USA
| | - Eva Collakova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Glenda E. Gillaspy
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg, VA, USA
- *Correspondence: Glenda E. Gillaspy, Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 542 Latham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA e-mail:
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117
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Saxena SC, Salvi P, Kaur H, Verma P, Petla BP, Rao V, Kamble N, Majee M. Differentially expressed myo-inositol monophosphatase gene (CaIMP) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) encodes a lithium-sensitive phosphatase enzyme with broad substrate specificity and improves seed germination and seedling growth under abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5623-39. [PMID: 24123252 PMCID: PMC3871819 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
myo-Inositol monophosphatase (IMP) is an essential enzyme in the myo-inositol metabolic pathway where it primarily dephosphorylates myo-inositol 1-phosphate to maintain the cellular inositol pool which is important for many metabolic and signalling pathways in plants. The stress-induced increased accumulation of inositol has been reported in a few plants including chickpea; however, the role and regulation of IMP is not well defined in response to stress. In this work, it has been shown that IMP activity is distributed in all organs in chickpea and was noticeably enhanced during environmental stresses. Subsequently, using degenerate oligonucleotides and RACE strategy, a full-length IMP cDNA (CaIMP) was cloned and sequenced. Biochemical study revealed that CaIMP encodes a lithium-sensitive phosphatase enzyme with broad substrate specificity, although maximum activity was observed with the myo-inositol 1-phosphate and l-galactose 1-phosphate substrates. Transcript analysis revealed that CaIMP is differentially expressed and regulated in different organs, stresses and phytohormones. Complementation analysis in Arabidopsis further confirmed the role of CaIMP in l-galactose 1-phosphate and myo-inositol 1-phosphate hydrolysis and its participation in myo-inositol and ascorbate biosynthesis. Moreover, Arabidopsis transgenic plants over-expressing CaIMP exhibited improved tolerance to stress during seed germination and seedling growth, while the VTC4/IMP loss-of-function mutants exhibited sensitivity to stress. Collectively, CaIMP links various metabolic pathways and plays an important role in improving seed germination and seedling growth, particularly under stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh C. Saxena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pooja Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Petla
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nitin Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Cui M, Liang D, Wu S, Ma F, Lei Y. Isolation and developmental expression analysis of L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase in four Actinidia species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 73:351-358. [PMID: 24184456 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol (MI) is an important polyol involved in cellular signal transduction, auxin storage, osmotic regulation, and membrane formation. It also serves as a precursor for the production of pinitol, ascorbic acid, and members of the raffinose family. The first committed step for MI formation is catalyzed by L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS). We isolated MIPS cDNA sequences from Actinidia eriantha, Actinidia rufa, and Actinidia arguta and compared them with that of Actinidia deliciosa. Each comprised 1533 bp, encoding 510 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 56.5 KDa. The MIPS protein was highly conserved in Actinidia, sharing 98.94% identity among species. The MIPS gene was expressed in the flowers, leaves, petioles, and carpopodia. Similarly high levels of expression were detected in the young fruit of all four species. Overall activity of the enzyme was also maximal in young fruit, indicating that this developmental stage is the key point for MI synthesis in Actinidia. Among the four species, A. arguta had the greatest concentration of MI as well as the highest ratios of MI:sucrose and MI:glucose+fructose. This suggests that conversion to MI from carbohydrates was most efficient in A. arguta during early fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Yang ZB, Eticha D, Führs H, Heintz D, Ayoub D, Van Dorsselaer A, Schlingmann B, Rao IM, Braun HP, Horst WJ. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of polyethylene glycol-induced osmotic stress in root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5569-86. [PMID: 24123251 PMCID: PMC3871817 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress (OS) reduces cell-wall (CW) porosity and limits aluminium (Al) uptake by root tips of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A subsequent transcriptomic study suggested that genes related to CW processes are involved in adjustment to OS. In this study, a proteomic and phosphoproteomic approach was applied to identify OS-induced protein regulation to further improve our understanding of how OS affects Al accumulation. Analysis of total soluble proteins in root tips indicated that, in total, 22 proteins were differentially regulated by OS; these proteins were functionally categorized. Seventy-seven per- cent of the total expressed proteins were involved in metabolic pathways, particularly of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. An analysis of the apoplastic proteome revealed that OS reduced the level of five proteins and increased that of seven proteins. Investigation of the total soluble phosphoproteome suggested that dehydrin responded to OS with an enhanced phosphorylation state without a change in abundance. A cellular immunolocalization analysis indicated that dehydrin was localized mainly in the CW. This suggests that dehydrin may play a major protective role in the OS-induced physical breakdown of the CW structure and thus maintenance of the reversibility of CW extensibility during recovery from OS. The proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses provided novel insights into the complex mechanisms of OS-induced reduction of Al accumulation in the root tips of common bean and highlight a key role for modification of CW structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Führs
- Applied Research and Advisory Service Agro, K+S KALI GmbH, Bertha-von-Suttner-Strasse 7, 34131 Kassel, Germany
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), 28 rue Goethe, CNRS-UPR2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Barbara Schlingmann
- Institute of BioPhysics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Walter Johannes Horst
- Institute for Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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Kimberlin AN, Majumder S, Han G, Chen M, Cahoon RE, Stone JM, Dunn TM, Cahoon EB. Arabidopsis 56-amino acid serine palmitoyltransferase-interacting proteins stimulate sphingolipid synthesis, are essential, and affect mycotoxin sensitivity. THE PLANT CELL 2013. [PMID: 24214397 DOI: 10.2307/23598494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for cell growth and programmed cell death (PCD). Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), composed of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, catalyzes the primary regulatory point for sphingolipid synthesis. Small subunits of SPT (ssSPT) that strongly stimulate SPT activity have been identified in mammals, but the role of ssSPT in eukaryotic cells is unclear. Candidate Arabidopsis thaliana ssSPTs, ssSPTa and ssSPTb, were identified and characterized. Expression of these 56-amino acid polypeptides in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT null mutant stimulated SPT activity from the Arabidopsis LCB1/LCB2 heterodimer by >100-fold through physical interaction with LCB1/LCB2. ssSPTa transcripts were more enriched in all organs and >400-fold more abundant in pollen than ssSPTb transcripts. Accordingly, homozygous ssSPTa T-DNA mutants were not recoverable, and 50% nonviable pollen was detected in heterozygous ssspta mutants. Pollen viability was recovered by expression of wild-type ssSPTa or ssSPTb under control of the ssSPTa promoter, indicating ssSPTa and ssSPTb functional redundancy. SPT activity and sensitivity to the PCD-inducing mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) were increased by ssSPTa overexpression. Conversely, SPT activity and FB1 sensitivity were reduced in ssSPTa RNA interference lines. These results demonstrate that ssSPTs are essential for male gametophytes, are important for FB1 sensitivity, and limit sphingolipid synthesis in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen N Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Inovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
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Kimberlin AN, Majumder S, Han G, Chen M, Cahoon RE, Stone JM, Dunn TM, Cahoon EB. Arabidopsis 56-amino acid serine palmitoyltransferase-interacting proteins stimulate sphingolipid synthesis, are essential, and affect mycotoxin sensitivity. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4627-39. [PMID: 24214397 PMCID: PMC3875740 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for cell growth and programmed cell death (PCD). Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), composed of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, catalyzes the primary regulatory point for sphingolipid synthesis. Small subunits of SPT (ssSPT) that strongly stimulate SPT activity have been identified in mammals, but the role of ssSPT in eukaryotic cells is unclear. Candidate Arabidopsis thaliana ssSPTs, ssSPTa and ssSPTb, were identified and characterized. Expression of these 56-amino acid polypeptides in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT null mutant stimulated SPT activity from the Arabidopsis LCB1/LCB2 heterodimer by >100-fold through physical interaction with LCB1/LCB2. ssSPTa transcripts were more enriched in all organs and >400-fold more abundant in pollen than ssSPTb transcripts. Accordingly, homozygous ssSPTa T-DNA mutants were not recoverable, and 50% nonviable pollen was detected in heterozygous ssspta mutants. Pollen viability was recovered by expression of wild-type ssSPTa or ssSPTb under control of the ssSPTa promoter, indicating ssSPTa and ssSPTb functional redundancy. SPT activity and sensitivity to the PCD-inducing mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) were increased by ssSPTa overexpression. Conversely, SPT activity and FB1 sensitivity were reduced in ssSPTa RNA interference lines. These results demonstrate that ssSPTs are essential for male gametophytes, are important for FB1 sensitivity, and limit sphingolipid synthesis in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen N. Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Saurav Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Gongshe Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Rebecca E. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Julie M. Stone
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Teresa M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
- Address correspondence to
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Han C, Ren C, Zhi T, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Chen F, Peng W, Xie D. Disruption of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase causes spontaneous cell death under short-day conditions in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:1956-64. [PMID: 23743712 PMCID: PMC3729774 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.216804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) hydrolyzes fumarylacetoacetate to fumarate and acetoacetate, the final step in the tyrosine (Tyr) degradation pathway that is essential to animals. Deficiency of FAH in animals results in an inborn lethal disorder. However, the role for the Tyr degradation pathway in plants remains to be elucidated. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) short-day sensitive cell death1 (sscd1) mutant that displays a spontaneous cell death phenotype under short-day conditions. The SSCD1 gene was cloned via a map-based cloning approach and found to encode an Arabidopsis putative FAH. The spontaneous cell death phenotype of the sscd1 mutant was completely eliminated by further knockout of the gene encoding the putative homogentisate dioxygenase, which catalyzes homogentisate into maleylacetoacetate (the antepenultimate step) in the Tyr degradation pathway. Furthermore, treatment of Arabidopsis wild-type seedlings with succinylacetone, an abnormal metabolite caused by loss of FAH in the Tyr degradation pathway, mimicked the sscd1 cell death phenotype. These results demonstrate that disruption of FAH leads to cell death in Arabidopsis and suggest that the Tyr degradation pathway is essential for plant survival under short-day conditions.
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Tang Y, Tan S, Xue H. Arabidopsis inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6 kinase 2 is required for seed coat development. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:549-60. [PMID: 23595027 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6 kinase (ITPK) phosphorylates inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate to form inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate which can be finally transferred to inositol hexaphosphate (IP₆) and play important roles during plant growth and development. There are 4 putative ITPK members in Arabidopsis. Expression pattern analysis showed that ITPK2 is constitutively expressed in various tissues. A T-DNA knockout mutant of ITPK2 was identified and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the epidermis structure of seed coat was irregularly formed in seeds of itpk2-1 mutant, resulting in the increased permeability of seed coat to tetrazolium salts. Further analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry of lipid polyester monomers in cell wall confirmed a dramatic decrease in composition of suberin and cutin, which relate to the permeability of seed coat and the formation of which is accompanied with seed coat development. These results indicate that ITPK2 plays an essential role in seed coat development and lipid polyester barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Han Y, Chaouch S, Mhamdi A, Queval G, Zechmann B, Noctor G. Functional analysis of Arabidopsis mutants points to novel roles for glutathione in coupling H(2)O(2) to activation of salicylic acid accumulation and signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2106-21. [PMID: 23148658 PMCID: PMC3629853 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Through its interaction with H(2)O(2), glutathione is a candidate for transmission of signals in plant responses to pathogens, but identification of signaling roles is complicated by its antioxidant function. Using a genetic approach based on a conditional catalase-deficient Arabidopsis mutant, cat2, this study aimed at establishing whether GSH plays an important functional role in the transmission of signals downstream of H(2)O(2). RESULTS Introducing the cad2 or allelic mutations in the glutathione synthesis pathway into cat2 blocked H(2)O(2)-triggered GSH oxidation and accumulation. While no effects on NADP(H) or ascorbate were observed, and H(2)O(2)-induced decreases in growth were maintained, blocking GSH modulation antagonized salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and SA-dependent responses. Other novel double and triple mutants were produced and compared with cat2 cad2 at the levels of phenotype, expression of marker genes, nontargeted metabolite profiling, accumulation of SA, and bacterial resistance. Most of the effects of the cad2 mutation on H(2)O(2)-triggered responses were distinct from those produced by mutations for GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE1 (GR1) or NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), and were linked to compromised induction of ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1) and ICS1-dependent SA accumulation. INNOVATION A novel genetic approach was used in which GSH content or antioxidative capacity was independently modified in an H(2)O(2) signaling background. Analysis of new double and triple mutants allowed us to infer previously undescribed regulatory roles for GSH. CONCLUSION In parallel to its antioxidant role, GSH acts independently of NPR1 to allow increased intracellular H(2)O(2) to activate SA signaling, a key defense response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Sejir Chaouch
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Queval
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
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Han Y, Chaouch S, Mhamdi A, Queval G, Zechmann B, Noctor G. Functional analysis of Arabidopsis mutants points to novel roles for glutathione in coupling H(2)O(2) to activation of salicylic acid accumulation and signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013. [PMID: 23148658 DOI: 10.1089/ars.20125052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Through its interaction with H(2)O(2), glutathione is a candidate for transmission of signals in plant responses to pathogens, but identification of signaling roles is complicated by its antioxidant function. Using a genetic approach based on a conditional catalase-deficient Arabidopsis mutant, cat2, this study aimed at establishing whether GSH plays an important functional role in the transmission of signals downstream of H(2)O(2). RESULTS Introducing the cad2 or allelic mutations in the glutathione synthesis pathway into cat2 blocked H(2)O(2)-triggered GSH oxidation and accumulation. While no effects on NADP(H) or ascorbate were observed, and H(2)O(2)-induced decreases in growth were maintained, blocking GSH modulation antagonized salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and SA-dependent responses. Other novel double and triple mutants were produced and compared with cat2 cad2 at the levels of phenotype, expression of marker genes, nontargeted metabolite profiling, accumulation of SA, and bacterial resistance. Most of the effects of the cad2 mutation on H(2)O(2)-triggered responses were distinct from those produced by mutations for GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE1 (GR1) or NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1), and were linked to compromised induction of ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1) and ICS1-dependent SA accumulation. INNOVATION A novel genetic approach was used in which GSH content or antioxidative capacity was independently modified in an H(2)O(2) signaling background. Analysis of new double and triple mutants allowed us to infer previously undescribed regulatory roles for GSH. CONCLUSION In parallel to its antioxidant role, GSH acts independently of NPR1 to allow increased intracellular H(2)O(2) to activate SA signaling, a key defense response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, Université de Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
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Ali N, Paul S, Gayen D, Sarkar SN, Datta SK, Datta K. RNAi mediated down regulation of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase to generate low phytate rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 6:12. [PMID: 24280240 PMCID: PMC4883737 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytic acid (InsP6) is considered as the major source of phosphorus and inositol phosphates in cereal grains. Reduction of phytic acid level in cereal grains is desirable in view of its antinutrient properties to maximize mineral bioavailability and minimize the load of phosphorus waste management. We report here RNAi mediated seed-specific silencing of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS) gene catalyzing the first step of phytic acid biosynthesis in rice. Moreover, we also studied the possible implications of MIPS silencing on myo-inositol and related metabolism, since, first step of phytic acid biosynthesis is also the rate limiting step of myo-inositol synthesis, catalyzed by MIPS. RESULTS The resulting transgenic rice plants (T3) showed a 4.59 fold down regulation in MIPS gene expression, which corresponds to a significant decrease in phytate levels and a simultaneous increment in the amount of inorganic phosphate in the seeds. A diminution in the myo-inositol content of transgenic plants was also observed due to disruption of the first step of phytic acid biosynthetic pathway, which further reduced the level of ascorbate and altered abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity of the transgenic plants. In addition, our results shows that in the transgenic plants, the lower phytate levels has led to an increment of divalent cations, of which a 1.6 fold increase in the iron concentration in milled rice seeds was noteworthy. This increase could be attributed to reduced chelation of divalent metal (iron) cations, which may correlate to higher iron bioavailability in the endosperm of rice grains. CONCLUSION The present study evidently suggests that seed-specific silencing of MIPS in transgenic rice plants can yield substantial reduction in levels of phytic acid along with an increase in inorganic phosphate content. However, it was also demonstrated that the low phytate seeds had an undesirable diminution in levels of myo-inositol and ascorbate, which probably led to sensitiveness of seeds to abscisic acid during germination. Therefore, it is suggested that though MIPS is the prime target for generation of low phytate transgenic plants, down-regulation of MIPS can have detrimental effect on myo-inositol synthesis and related pathways which are involved in key plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Ali
- />Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular road, Kolkata, 700019 WB India
| | - Soumitra Paul
- />Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular road, Kolkata, 700019 WB India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- />Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular road, Kolkata, 700019 WB India
| | - Sailendra Nath Sarkar
- />Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular road, Kolkata, 700019 WB India
| | - Swapan K Datta
- />Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular road, Kolkata, 700019 WB India
- />Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhavan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Karabi Datta
- />Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular road, Kolkata, 700019 WB India
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Latrasse D, Jégu T, Meng PH, Mazubert C, Hudik E, Delarue M, Charon C, Crespi M, Hirt H, Raynaud C, Bergounioux C, Benhamed M. Dual function of MIPS1 as a metabolic enzyme and transcriptional regulator. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:2907-17. [PMID: 23341037 PMCID: PMC3597657 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because regulation of its activity is instrumental either to support cell proliferation and growth or to promote cell death, the universal myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS), responsible for myo-inositol biosynthesis, is a critical enzyme of primary metabolism. Surprisingly, we found this enzyme to be imported in the nucleus and to interact with the histone methyltransferases ATXR5 and ATXR6, raising the question of whether MIPS1 has a function in transcriptional regulation. Here, we demonstrate that MIPS1 binds directly to its promoter to stimulate its own expression by locally inhibiting the spreading of ATXR5/6-dependent heterochromatin marks coming from a transposable element. Furthermore, on activation of pathogen response, MIPS1 expression is reduced epigenetically, providing evidence for a complex regulatory mechanism acting at the transcriptional level. Thus, in plants, MIPS1 appears to have evolved as a protein that connects cellular metabolism, pathogen response and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Latrasse
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Teddy Jégu
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Pin-Hong Meng
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Christelle Mazubert
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Elodie Hudik
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Marianne Delarue
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Céline Charon
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Catherine Bergounioux
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France, Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, GuiYang, Guizhou Province, 550006, P.R. China, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, UPR CNRS, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and URGV Plant Genomics, INRA/CNRS/University of Evry, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France
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Zhang WJ, Dewey RE, Boss W, Phillippy BQ, Qu R. Enhanced Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiencies in monocot cells is associated with attenuated defense responses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 81:273-286. [PMID: 23242917 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses can lead to altered metabolism and even cell death at the sites of Agrobacterium infection, and thus lower transformation frequencies. In this report, we demonstrate that the utilization of culture conditions associated with an attenuation of defense responses in monocot plant cells led to highly improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiencies in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The removal of myo-inositol from the callus culture media in combination with a cold shock pretreatment and the addition of L-Gln prior to and during Agrobacterium-infection resulted in about 84 % of the treated calluses being stably transformed. The omission of myo-inositol from the callus culture media was associated with the failure of certain pathogenesis related genes to be induced after Agrobacterium infection. The addition of a cold shock and supplemental Gln appeared to have synergistic effects on infection and transformation efficiencies. Nearly 60 % of the stably transformed calluses regenerated into green plantlets. Calluses cultured on media lacking myo-inositol also displayed profound physiological and biochemical changes compared to ones cultured on standard growth media, such as reduced lignin within the cell walls, increased starch and inositol hexaphosphate accumulation, enhanced Agrobacterium binding to the cell surface, and less H(2)O(2) production after Agrobacterium infection. Furthermore, the cold treatment greatly reduced callus browning after infection. The simple modifications described in this report may have broad application for improving genetic transformation of recalcitrant monocot species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tan J, Wang C, Xiang B, Han R, Guo Z. Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide mediated cold- and dehydration-induced myo-inositol phosphate synthase that confers multiple resistances to abiotic stresses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:288-99. [PMID: 22774933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
myo-Inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS) is the key enzyme of myo-inositol synthesis, which is a central molecule required for cell metabolism and plant growth as a precursor to a large variety of compounds. A full-length fragment of MfMIPS1 cDNA was cloned from Medicago falcata that is more cold-tolerant than Medicago sativa. While MfMIPS1 transcript was induced in response to cold, dehydration and salt stress, MIPS transcript and myo-inositol were maintained longer and at a higher level in M. falcata than in M. sativa during cold acclimation at 5 °C. MfMIPS1 transcript was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO), but was not responsive to abscisic acid (ABA). Pharmacological experiments revealed that H(2) O(2) and NO are involved in the regulation of MfMIPS1 expression by cold and dehydration, but not by salt. Overexpression of MfMIPS1 in tobacco increased the MIPS activity and levels of myo-inositol, galactinol and raffinose, resulting in enhanced resistance to chilling, drought and salt stresses in transgenic tobacco plants. It is suggested that MfMIPS1 is induced by diverse environmental factors and confers resistance to various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Gillaspy GE. The Role of Phosphoinositides and Inositol Phosphates in Plant Cell Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 991:141-57. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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131
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Kaur H, Verma P, Petla BP, Rao V, Saxena SC, Majee M. Ectopic expression of the ABA-inducible dehydration-responsive chickpea L-myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase 2 (CaMIPS2) in Arabidopsis enhances tolerance to salinity and dehydration stress. PLANTA 2013; 237:321-35. [PMID: 23065054 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol participates in many different aspects of plant physiology and myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC 5.5.1.4) catalyzes the rate limiting step of inositol biosynthetic pathway. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), a drought-tolerant leguminous crop plant, is known to accumulate increased inositol during dehydration stress. Previously, we reported two differentially expressed divergent genes (CaMIPS1 and CaMIPS2) encoding two MIPS isoforms in chickpea. In this communication, we demonstrated that CaMIPS2 is an early dehydration-responsive gene and is also rapidly induced by exogenous ABA application, while CaMIPS1 expression is not much influenced by dehydration or ABA. The regulation of expression of these two genes has been studied by examining their promoter activity through GUS reporter gene and differential promoter activity has been observed. Moreover, unlike CaMIPS1 promoter, CaMIPS2 promoter contains CRT/DRE cis-regulatory element which seems to play a key role in dehydration-induced expression of CaMIPS2. Furthermore, CaMIPS1 and CaMIPS2 have been successfully complemented and shown to repair the defect of seedling growth and altered seed phenotype of Atmips1 mutant. Moreover, Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing CaMIPS1 or CaMIPS2 exhibit improved tolerance to salinity and dehydration stresses and such tolerance of transgenic plants is correlated with their elevated level of inositol. Remarkably, CaMIPS2 transgenic lines perform better in all attributes than CaMIPS1 transformants under such stress conditions, due to comparatively unabated production of inositol by CaMIPS2 enzyme, as this enzyme retains significant activity under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Kaur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding kiwifruit l-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase, a key gene of inositol formation. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:697-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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133
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Berkey R, Bendigeri D, Xiao S. Sphingolipids and plant defense/disease: the "death" connection and beyond. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:68. [PMID: 22639658 PMCID: PMC3355615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids comprise a major class of structural materials and lipid signaling molecules in all eukaryotic cells. Over the past two decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the study of sphingolipids (i.e., sphingobiology) at an average rate of ∼1000 research articles per year. Sphingolipid studies in plants, though accounting for only a small fraction (∼6%) of the total number of publications, have also enjoyed proportionally rapid growth in the past decade. Concomitant with the growth of sphingobiology, there has also been tremendous progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant innate immunity. In this review, we (i) cross examine and analyze the major findings that establish and strengthen the intimate connections between sphingolipid metabolism and plant programmed cell death (PCD) associated with plant defense or disease; (ii) highlight and compare key bioactive sphingolipids involved in the regulation of plant PCD and possibly defense; (iii) discuss the potential role of sphingolipids in polarized membrane/protein trafficking and formation of lipid rafts as subdomains of cell membranes in relation to plant defense; and (iv) where possible, attempt to identify potential parallels for immunity-related mechanisms involving sphingolipids across kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Berkey
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Dipti Bendigeri
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
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134
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Chen M, Markham JE, Cahoon EB. Sphingolipid Δ8 unsaturation is important for glucosylceramide biosynthesis and low-temperature performance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:769-81. [PMID: 22023480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain a large diversity of sphingolipid structures, arising in part from C4 hydroxylation and Δ4 and Δ8 desaturation of the component long-chain bases (LCBs). Typically, 85-90% of sphingolipid LCBs in Arabidopsis leaves contain a cis or transΔ8 double bond produced by sphingoid LCB Δ8 desaturase (SLD). To understand the metabolic and physiological significance of Δ8 unsaturation, studies were performed using mutants of the Arabidopsis SLD genes AtSLD1 and AtSLD2. Our studies revealed that both genes are constitutively expressed, the corresponding polypeptides are ER-localized, and expression of these genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yields mixtures of cis/transΔ8 desaturation products, predominantly as trans isomers. Consistent in part with the higher expression of AtSLD1 in Arabidopsis plants, AtSLD1 T-DNA mutants showed large reductions in Δ8 unsaturated LCBs in all organs examined, whereas AtSLD2 mutants showed little change in LCB unsaturation. Double mutants of AtSLD1 and AtSLD2 showed no detectable LCB Δ8 unsaturation. Comprehensive analysis of sphingolipids in rosettes of these mutants revealed a 50% reduction in glucosylceramide levels and a corresponding increase in glycosylinositolphosphoceramides that were restored by complementation with a wild-type copy of AtSLD1. Double sld1 sld2 mutants lacked apparent growth phenotypes under optimal conditions, but displayed altered responses to certain stresses, including prolonged exposure to low temperatures. These results are consistent with a role for LCB Δ8 unsaturation in selective channeling of ceramides for the synthesis of complex sphingolipids and the physiological performance of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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135
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Reales-Calderón JA, Martínez-Solano L, Martínez-Gomariz M, Nombela C, Molero G, Gil C. Sub-proteomic study on macrophage response to Candida albicans unravels new proteins involved in the host defense against the fungus. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4734-46. [PMID: 22342486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In previous proteomic studies on the response of murine macrophages against Candida albicans, many differentially expressed proteins involved in processes like inflammation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, stress response and metabolism were identified. In order to look for proteins important for the macrophage response, but in a lower concentration in the cell, 3 sub-cellular extracts were analyzed: cytosol, organelle/membrane and nucleus enriched fractions from RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed or not to C. albicans SC5314 for 3 h. The samples were studied using DIGE technology, and 17 new differentially expressed proteins were identified. This sub-cellular fractionation permitted the identification of 2 mitochondrion proteins, a membrane receptor, Galectin-3, and some ER related proteins, that are not easily detected in total cell extracts. Besides, the study of different fractions allowed us to detect, not only total increase in Galectin-3 protein amount, but its distinct allocation along the interaction. The identified proteins are involved in the pro-inflammatory and oxidative responses, immune response, unfolded protein response and apoptosis. Some of these processes increase the host response and others could be the effect of C. albicans resistance to phagocytosis. Thus, the sub-proteomic approach has been a very useful tool to identify new proteins involved in macrophage-fungus interaction. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Proteomics.
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136
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Alford SR, Rangarajan P, Williams P, Gillaspy GE. myo-Inositol Oxygenase is Required for Responses to Low Energy Conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:69. [PMID: 22639659 PMCID: PMC3355591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
myo-Inositol is a precursor for cell wall components, is used as a backbone of myo-inositol trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P(3)) and phosphatidylinositol phosphate signaling molecules, and is debated about whether it is also a precursor in an alternate ascorbic acid synthesis pathway. Plants control inositol homeostasis by regulation of key enzymes involved in myo-inositol synthesis and catabolism. Recent transcriptional profiling data indicate up-regulation of the myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) genes under conditions in which energy or nutrients are limited. To test whether the MIOX genes are required for responses to low energy, we first examined MIOX2 and MIOX4 gene expression regulation by energy/nutrient conditions. We found that both MIOX2 and MIOX4 expression are suppressed by exogenous glucose addition in the shoot, but not in the root. Both genes were abundantly expressed during low energy/nutrient conditions. Loss-of-function mutants in MIOX genes contain alterations in myo-inositol levels and growth changes in the root. Miox2 mutants can be complemented with a MIOX2:green fluorescent protein fusion. Further we show here that MIOX2 is a cytoplasmic protein, while MIOX4 is present mostly in the cytoplasm, but also occasionally in the nucleus. Together, these data suggest that MIOX catabolism in the shoot may influence root growth responses during low energy/nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phoebe Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Glenda E. Gillaspy
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
- *Correspondence: Glenda E. Gillaspy, Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. e-mail:
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137
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Khurana N, Chauhan H, Khurana P. Expression analysis of a heat-inducible, Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) gene from wheat and the alternatively spliced variants of rice and Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:237-51. [PMID: 21971746 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dissection and a deeper analysis of the heat stress response mechanism in wheat have been poorly understood so far. This study delves into the molecular basis of action of TaMIPS, a heat stress-inducible enzyme that was identified through PCR-select subtraction technology, which is named here as TaMIPS2. MIPS (L-Myo-inositol-phosphate synthase) is important for the normal growth and development in plants. Expression profiling showed that TaMIPS2 is expressed during different developing seed stages upon heat stress. Also, the transcript levels increase in unfertilized ovaries and significant amounts are present during the recovery period providing evidence that MIPS is crucial for its role in heat stress recovery and flower development. Alternatively spliced forms from rice and Arabidopsis were also identified and their expression analysis revealed that apart from heat stress, some of the spliced variants were also inducible by drought, NaCl, Cold, ABA, BR, SA and mannitol. In silico promoter analysis revealed various cis-elements that could contribute for the differential regulation of MIPS in different plant systems. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MIPS are highly conserved among monocots and dicots and TaMIPS2 grouped specifically with monocots. Comparative analyses was undertaken by different experimental approaches, i.e., semi-quantitative RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, Genevestigator as a reference expression tool and motif analysis to predict the possible function of TaMIPS2 in regulating the different aspects of plant development under abiotic stress in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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138
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Abstract
"All things flow and change…even in the stillest matter there is unseen flux and movement." Attributed to Heraclitus (530-470 BC), from The Story of Philosophy by Will Durant. Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher, was thinking on a much larger scale than molecular signaling; however, his visionary comments are an important reminder for those studying signaling today. Even in unstimulated cells, signaling pathways are in constant metabolic flux and provide basal signals that travel throughout the organism. In addition, negatively charged phospholipids, such as the polyphosphorylated inositol phospholipids, provide a circuit board of on/off switches for attracting or repelling proteins that define the membranes of the cell. This template of charged phospholipids is sensitive to discrete changes and metabolic fluxes-e.g., in pH and cations-which contribute to the oscillating signals in the cell. The inherent complexities of a constantly fluctuating system make understanding how plants integrate and process signals challenging. In this review we discuss one aspect of lipid signaling: the inositol family of negatively charged phospholipids and their functions as molecular sensors and regulators of metabolic flux in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy F Boss
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7649, USA.
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139
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Ternes P, Feussner K, Werner S, Lerche J, Iven T, Heilmann I, Riezman H, Feussner I. Disruption of the ceramide synthase LOH1 causes spontaneous cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:841-854. [PMID: 21883234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive lipid ceramide is produced by the enzyme ceramide synthase, which exists in several isoforms in most eukaryotic organisms. Here, we investigated functional differences between the three ceramide synthase isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana. The biochemical properties of the three ceramide synthases were investigated by comparing lipid profiles of yeast strains expressing LOH1, LOH2 or LOH3 with those of wild-type and loh1, loh2 and loh3 knockout plants. Expression profiles of the ceramide synthases and of the pathogenesis-related gene PR-1 were investigated by real-time PCR. Each ceramide synthase isoform showed a characteristic preference regarding acyl-CoA chain length as well as sphingoid base hydroxylation, which matches the pattern of ceramide and glucosylceramide species found in leaves. After extended culture under short-day conditions, loh1 plants showed spontaneous cell death accompanied by enhanced expression of PR-1. The levels of free trihydroxy sphingoid bases as well as ceramide and glucosylceramide species with C(16) fatty acid were significantly elevated while species with C(20) -C(28) fatty acids were reduced. These data suggest that spontaneous cell death in the loh1 line is triggered either by the accumulation of free trihydroxy sphingoid bases or ceramide species with C(16) fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ternes
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Present address: metanomics GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, D-10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Werner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lerche
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Iven
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg August University, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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140
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Abstract
The simple polyol, myo-inositol, is used as a building block of a cellular language that plays various roles in signal transduction. This review describes the terminology used to denote myo-inositol-containing molecules, with an emphasis on how phosphate and fatty acids are added to create second messengers used in signaling. Work in model systems has delineated the genes and enzymes required for synthesis and metabolism of many myo-inositol-containing molecules, with genetic mutants and measurement of second messengers playing key roles in developing our understanding. There is increasing evidence that molecules such as myo- inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate are synthesized in response to various signals plants encounter. In particular, the controversial role of myo-inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate is addressed, accompanied by a discussion of the multiple enzymes that act to regulate this molecule. We are also beginning to understand new connections of myo-inositol signaling in plants. These recent discoveries include the novel roles of inositol phosphates in binding to plant hormone receptors and that of phosphatidylinositol(3)phosphate binding to pathogen effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda E Gillaspy
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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141
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Zhao F, Chen L, Perl A, Chen S, Ma H. Proteomic changes in grape embryogenic callus in response to Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:485-495. [PMID: 21889056 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is highly required for studies of grapevine gene function and of huge potential for tailored variety improvements. However, grape is recalcitrant to transformation, and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. To better understand the overall response of grapevine to A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation, the proteomic profile of cv. Prime embryogenic callus (EC) after co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens was investigated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Over 1100 protein spots were detected in both inoculated and control EC, 69 of which showed significantly differential expression; 38 of these were successfully identified. The proteins significantly up-regulated 3 d after inoculation were PR10, resistance protein Pto, secretory peroxidase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and different expression regulators; down-regulated proteins were ascorbate peroxidase, tocopherol cyclase, Hsp 70 and proteins involved in the ubiquitin-associated protein-degradation pathway. A. tumefaciens transformation-induced oxidative burst and modified protein-degradation pathways were further validated with biochemical measurements. Our results reveal that agrobacterial transformation markedly inhibits the cellular ROS-removal system, mitochondrial energy metabolism and the protein-degradation machinery for misfolded proteins, while the apoptosis signaling pathway and hypersensitive response are strengthened, which might partially explain the low efficiency and severe EC necrosis in grape transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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142
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xiang Y, Bian X, Zuo Q, Shen Q, Gai J, Xing H. Proteomics study of changes in soybean lines resistant and sensitive to Phytophthora sojae. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:52. [PMID: 21899734 PMCID: PMC3180303 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora sojae causes soybean root and stem rot, resulting in an annual loss of 1-2 billion US dollars in soybean production worldwide. A proteomic technique was used to determine the effects on soybean hypocotyls of infection with P. sojae. RESULTS In the present study, 46 differentially expressed proteins were identified in soybean hypocotyls infected with P. sojae, using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF). The expression levels of 26 proteins were significantly affected at various time points in the tolerant soybean line, Yudou25, (12 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated). In contrast, in the sensitive soybean line, NG6255, only 20 proteins were significantly affected (11 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated). Among these proteins, 26% were related to energy regulation, 15% to protein destination and storage, 11% to defense against disease, 11% to metabolism, 9% to protein synthesis, 4% to secondary metabolism, and 24% were of unknown function. CONCLUSION Our study provides important information on the use of proteomic methods for studying protein regulation during plant-oomycete interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuMei Zhang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - JinMing Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, P.R.China
| | - XiaoChun Bian
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - QiaoMei Zuo
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qi Shen
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, P.R.China
| | - JunYi Gai
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Han Xing
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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143
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Panzeri D, Cassani E, Doria E, Tagliabue G, Forti L, Campion B, Bollini R, Brearley CA, Pilu R, Nielsen E, Sparvoli F. A defective ABC transporter of the MRP family, responsible for the bean lpa1 mutation, affects the regulation of the phytic acid pathway, reduces seed myo-inositol and alters ABA sensitivity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:70-83. [PMID: 21395595 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
• We previously identified the lpa1 (low phytic acid) 280-10 line that carries a mutation conferring a 90% reduction in phytic acid (InsP(6) ) content. In contrast to other lpa mutants, lpa1(280-10) does not display negative pleiotropic effects. In the present paper, we have identified the mutated gene and analysed its impact on the phytic acid pathway. • Here, we mapped the lpa1(280-10) mutation by bulk analysis on a segregating F(2) population, an then, by comparison with the soybean genome, we identified and sequenced a candidate gene. The InsP(6) pathway was analysed by gene expression and quantification of metabolites. • The mutated Pvmrp1(280-10) cosegregates with the lpa1(280-10) mutation, and the expression level of several genes of the InsP(6) pathway are reduced in the lpa1(280-10) mutant as well as the inositol and raffinosaccharide content. PvMrp2, a very similar paralogue of PvMrp1 was also mapped and sequenced. • The lpa1 mutation in beans is likely the result of a defective Mrp1 gene (orthologous to the lpa genes AtMRP5 and ZmMRP4), while its Mrp2 paralog is not able to complement the mutant phenotype in the seed. This mutation appears to down-regulate the InsP(6) pathway at the transcriptional level, as well as altering inositol-related metabolism and affecting ABA sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Panzeri
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Cassani
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Doria
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Forti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Bruno Campion
- Unità di ricerca per l'Orticoltura CRA, Montanaso Lombardo, Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberto Bollini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Charles A Brearley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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144
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A limitation of the continuous spectrophotometric assay for the measurement of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase activity. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:228-32. [PMID: 21729692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to myo-inositol-1-phosphate. The reaction catalyzed by MIPS is the first step in the biosynthesis of inositol and inositol-containing molecules that serve important roles in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Consequently, MIPS is a target for the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of infectious diseases and bipolar disorder. We recently reported a continuous spectrophotometric method for measuring MIPS activity using a coupled assay that allows the rapid characterization of MIPS in a multiwell plate format. Here we validate the continuous assay as a high-throughput alternative for measuring MIPS activity and report on one limitation of this assay-the inability to examine the effect of divalent metal ions (at high concentrations) on MIPS activity. In addition, we demonstrate that the activity of MIPS from Arabidopsis thaliana is moderately enhanced by the addition Mg(2+) and is not enhanced by other divalent metal ions (Zn(2+) and Mn(2+)), consistent with what has been observed for other eukaryotic MIPS enzymes. Our findings suggest that the continuous assay is better suited for characterizing eukaryotic MIPS enzymes that require monovalent cations as cofactors than for characterizing bacterial or archeal MIPS enzymes that require divalent metal ions as cofactors.
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145
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Luo Y, Qin G, Zhang J, Liang Y, Song Y, Zhao M, Tsuge T, Aoyama T, Liu J, Gu H, Qu LJ. D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate affects phosphatidylinositol-mediated endomembrane function in Arabidopsis and is essential for auxin-regulated embryogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:1352-72. [PMID: 21505066 PMCID: PMC3101546 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.083337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In animal cells, myo-inositol is an important regulatory molecule in several physiological and biochemical processes, including signal transduction and membrane biogenesis. However, the fundamental biological functions of myo-inositol are still far from clear in plants. Here, we report the genetic characterization of three Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo synthesis of myo-inositol. Each of the three MIPS genes rescued the yeast ino1 mutant, which is defective in yeast MIPS gene INO1, and they had different dynamic expression patterns during Arabidopsis embryo development. Although single mips mutants showed no obvious phenotypes, the mips1 mips2 double mutant and the mips1 mips2 mips3 triple mutant were embryo lethal, whereas the mips1 mips3 and mips1 mips2⁺/⁻ double mutants had abnormal embryos. The mips phenotypes resembled those of auxin mutants. Indeed, the double and triple mips mutants displayed abnormal expression patterns of DR5:green fluorescent protein, an auxin-responsive fusion protein, and they had altered PIN1 subcellular localization. Also, membrane trafficking was affected in mips1 mips3. Interestingly, overexpression of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL SYNTHASE2, which converts myo-inositol to membrane phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), largely rescued the cotyledon and endomembrane defects in mips1 mips3. We conclude that myo-inositol serves as the main substrate for synthesizing PtdIns and phosphatidylinositides, which are essential for endomembrane structure and trafficking and thus for auxin-regulated embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiping Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Address correspondence to
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146
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Comparative functional genomics of salt stress in related model and cultivated plants identifies and overcomes limitations to translational genomics. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17094. [PMID: 21347266 PMCID: PMC3038935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the objectives of plant translational genomics is to use knowledge and genes discovered in model species to improve crops. However, the value of translational genomics to plant breeding, especially for complex traits like abiotic stress tolerance, remains uncertain. Using comparative genomics (ionomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics) we analyzed the responses to salinity of three model and three cultivated species of the legume genus Lotus. At physiological and ionomic levels, models responded to salinity in a similar way to crop species, and changes in the concentration of shoot Cl− correlated well with tolerance. Metabolic changes were partially conserved, but divergence was observed amongst the genotypes. Transcriptome analysis showed that about 60% of expressed genes were responsive to salt treatment in one or more species, but less than 1% was responsive in all. Therefore, genotype-specific transcriptional and metabolic changes overshadowed conserved responses to salinity and represent an impediment to simple translational genomics. However, ‘triangulation’ from multiple genotypes enabled the identification of conserved and tolerant-specific responses that may provide durable tolerance across species.
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147
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Chaouch S, Noctor G. Myo-inositol abolishes salicylic acid-dependent cell death and pathogen defence responses triggered by peroxisomal hydrogen peroxide. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 188:711-8. [PMID: 20807338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
• Signalling between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent programmed cell death (PCD) and defence responses is complex and much remains to be discovered. Recent reports have implicated myo-inositol (MI) in defence responses, but the relationships between MI, ROS and SA remain to be elucidated. • This question was investigated in catalase-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana plants (cat2), in which a peroxisomal H(2) O(2) trigger induces SA-dependent lesion formation and a wide range of pathogen responses. • GC-MS analysis revealed that leaf MI contents were markedly decreased in cat2 independently of SA accumulation. Supplying MI to cat2 blocked lesion formation, SA accumulation and associated defence responses in a manner that closely mimicked the effect of genetically blocking SA synthesis through isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1). The effects of MI were linked to repression of ICS1 transcripts but not decreased oxidative stress or signalling, and caused loss of resistance to virulent bacteria. The antagonistic effects of MI on lesion formation and resistance could be partly restored by supplying SA. • Our findings demonstrate a role for MI in cell death triggered by peroxisomal H(2) O(2) , and suggest that the tissue content of this compound is a key factor determining whether oxidative stress induces or opposes defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejir Chaouch
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 CNRS, Université de Paris sud, Orsay, France
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148
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Chen H, Xiong L. myo-Inositol-1-phosphate synthase is required for polar auxin transport and organ development. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24238-47. [PMID: 20516080 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.123661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
myo-Inositol-1-phosphate synthase is a conserved enzyme that catalyzes the first committed and rate-limiting step in inositol biosynthesis. Despite its wide occurrence in all eukaryotes, the role of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase and de novo inositol biosynthesis in cell signaling and organism development has been unclear. In this study, we isolated loss-of-function mutants in the Arabidopsis MIPS1 gene from different ecotypes. It was found that all null mips1 mutants are defective in embryogenesis, cotyledon venation patterning, root growth, and root cap development. The mutant roots are also agravitropic and have reduced basipetal auxin transport. mips1 mutants have significantly reduced levels of major phosphatidylinositols and exhibit much slower rates of endocytosis. Treatment with brefeldin A induces slower PIN2 protein aggregation in mips1, indicating altered PIN2 trafficking. Our results demonstrate that MIPS1 is critical for maintaining phosphatidylinositol levels and affects pattern formation in plants likely through regulation of auxin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
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149
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Eckardt NA. Myo-inositol biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis: differential patterns of gene expression and role in cell death. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:537. [PMID: 20233949 PMCID: PMC2861453 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.220310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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