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Schulte P, Leso V, Niang M, Iavicoli I. Biological monitoring of workers exposed to engineered nanomaterials. Toxicol Lett 2018; 298:112-124. [PMID: 29920308 PMCID: PMC6239923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As the number of nanomaterial workers increase there is need to consider whether biomonitoring of exposure should be used as a routine risk management tool. Currently, no biomonitoring of nanomaterials is mandated by authoritative or regulatory agencies. However, there is a growing knowledge base to support such biomonitoring, but further research is needed as are investigations of priorities for biomonitoring. That research should be focused on validation of biomarkers of exposure and effect. Some biomarkers of effect are generally nonspecific. These biomarkers need further interpretation before they should be used. Overall biomonitoring of nanomaterial workers may be important to supplement risk assessment and risk management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
| | - V Leso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M Niang
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - I Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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102
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Otsuka K, Yamada K, Taquahashi Y, Arakaki R, Ushio A, Saito M, Yamada A, Tsunematsu T, Kudo Y, Kanno J, Ishimaru N. Long-term polarization of alveolar macrophages to a profibrotic phenotype after inhalation exposure to multi-wall carbon nanotubes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205702. [PMID: 30372450 PMCID: PMC6205598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nanomaterials are widely used in various fields. Although the toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in pulmonary tissues has been demonstrated, the toxicological effect of CNTs on the immune system in the lung remains unclear. Methods and finding In this study, exposure to Taquann-treated multi-walled CNTs (T-CNTs) was performed using aerosols generated in an inhalation chamber. At 12 months after T-CNT exposure, alveolar inflammation with macrophage accumulation and hypertrophy of the alveolar walls were observed. In addition, fibrotic lesions were enhanced by T-CNT exposure. The macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of T-CNT-exposed mice were not largely shifted to any particular population, and were a mixed phenotype with M1 and M2 polarization. Moreover, the alveolar macrophages of T-CNT-exposed mice produced matrix metalloprotinase-12. Conclusions These results suggest that T-CNT exposure promoted chronic inflammation and fibrotic lesion formation in profibrotic macrophages for prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Otsuka
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuhji Taquahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rieko Arakaki
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Ushio
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masako Saito
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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103
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Pati R, Shevtsov M, Sonawane A. Nanoparticle Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2224. [PMID: 30337923 PMCID: PMC6180194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In the context of vaccine development remarkable efforts have been made to develop new vaccines and also to improve the efficacy of existing vaccines against specific diseases. To date, some vaccines are developed from protein subunits or killed pathogens, whilst several vaccines are based on live-attenuated organisms, which carry the risk of regaining their pathogenicity under certain immunocompromised conditions. To avoid this, the development of risk-free effective vaccines in conjunction with adequate delivery systems are considered as an imperative need to obtain desired humoral and cell-mediated immunity against infectious diseases. In the last several years, the use of nanoparticle-based vaccines has received a great attention to improve vaccine efficacy, immunization strategies, and targeted delivery to achieve desired immune responses at the cellular level. To improve vaccine efficacy, these nanocarriers should protect the antigens from premature proteolytic degradation, facilitate antigen uptake and processing by antigen presenting cells, control release, and should be safe for human use. Nanocarriers composed of lipids, proteins, metals or polymers have already been used to attain some of these attributes. In this context, several physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles play an important role in the determination of vaccine efficacy. This review article focuses on the applications of nanocarrier-based vaccine formulations and the strategies used for the functionalization of nanoparticles to accomplish efficient delivery of vaccines in order to induce desired host immunity against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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104
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Felley-Bosco E, MacFarlane M. Asbestos: Modern Insights for Toxicology in the Era of Engineered Nanomaterials. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:994-1008. [PMID: 30156102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos fibers are naturally occurring silicates that have been extensively used in the past, including house construction, but because of their toxicity, their use has been banned in 63 countries. Despite this, more than one million metric tons of asbestos are still consumed annually in countries where asbestos use has not been banned. Asbestos-related disease incidence is still increasing in several countries, including those countries that banned the use of asbestos more than 30 years ago. We highlight here recent knowledge obtained in experimental models about the mechanisms leading to tumor development following asbestos exposure, including genetic and epigenetic changes. Importantly, the landscape of alterations observed experimentally in tumor samples is consistent with alterations observed in clinical tumor samples; therefore, studies performed on early/precancer stages should help inform secondary prevention, which remains crucial in the absence of an efficient primary prevention. Knowledge gathered on asbestos should also help address future challenges, especially in view of the increased production of new materials that may behave similarly to asbestos fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology , University Hospital Zurich , Sternwartstrasse 14 , 8091 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
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105
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Innate immunity to inhaled particles: A new paradigm of collective recognition. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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106
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Francis AP, Devasena T, Ganapathy S, Palla VR, Murthy PB, Ramaprabhu S. Multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced inhalation toxicity: Recognizing nano bis-demethoxy curcumin analog as an ameliorating candidate. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1809-1822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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107
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Khaliullin TO, Kisin ER, Murray AR, Yanamala N, Shurin MR, Gutkin DW, Fatkhutdinova LM, Kagan VE, Shvedova AA. Mediation of the single-walled carbon nanotubes induced pulmonary fibrogenic response by osteopontin and TGF-β1. Exp Lung Res 2018; 43:311-326. [PMID: 29140132 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1377783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY A number of in vivo studies have shown that pulmonary exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may lead to an acute local inflammatory response, pulmonary fibrosis, and granulomatous lesions. Among the factors that play direct roles in initiation and progression of fibrotic processes are epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblasts recruitment/differentiation, both mediated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Yet, other contributors to TGF-β1 associated signaling, such as osteopontin (OPN) has not been fully investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS OPN-knockout female mice (OPN-KO) along with their wild-type (WT) counterparts were exposed to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) (40 µg/mouse) via pharyngeal aspiration and fibrotic response was assessed 1, 7, and 28 days post-exposure. Simultaneously, RAW 264.7 and MLE-15 cells were treated with SWCNT (24 hours, 6 µg/cm2 to 48 µg/cm2) or bleomycin (0.1 µg/ml) in the presence of OPN-blocking antibody or isotype control, and TGF-β1 was measured in supernatants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Diminished lactate dehydrogenase activity at all time points, along with less pronounced neutrophil influx 24 h post-exposure, were measured in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) of OPN-KO mice compared to WT. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1) was reduced. A significant two-fold increase of TGF-β1 was found in BAL of WT mice at 7 days, while TGF-β1 levels in OPN-KO animals remained unaltered. Histological examination revealed marked decrease in granuloma formation and less collagen deposition in the lungs of OPN-KO mice compared to WT. RAW 264.7 but not MLE-15 cells exposed to SWCNT and bleomycin had significantly less TGF-β1 released in the presence of OPN-blocking antibody. We believe that OPN is important in initiating the cellular mechanisms that produce an overall pathological response to SWCNT and it may act upstream of TGF-β1. Further investigation to understand the mechanistic details of such interactions is critical to predict outcomes of pulmonary exposure to CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Khaliullin
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV.,b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV
| | - Elena R Kisin
- b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV
| | | | | | - Michael R Shurin
- c Department Pathology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA
| | - Dmitriy W Gutkin
- c Department Pathology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA
| | - Liliya M Fatkhutdinova
- d Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine , Kazan State Medical University , Kazan , Russia
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- e Department of Pathology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV.,b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV
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108
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Fang H, Cui Y, Wang Z, Wang S. Toxicological assessment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes combined with nonylphenol in male mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200238. [PMID: 30028835 PMCID: PMC6054373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have attracted increasing attention attributable to their widespread application. To evaluate the joint toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nonylphenol (NP), we investigated the toxicological effects of NP, pristine MWCNTs, and MWCNTs combined with NP in male mice. After exposing male mice by gavage for 5 days, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in tissues were determined to evaluate in vivo oxidative stress. In addition, genotoxicity was assessed by examining DNA damage in mouse liver and sperm via the comet assay, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for direct visual observations of mitochondrial damage in the liver. Results from the oxidative damage and DNA damage experiments indicate that after adsorbing NP, MWCNTs at a high dose induce oxidative lesions in the liver and cause DNA damage in mouse sperm; these data offer new insights regarding the toxicological assessment of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibin Cui
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Se Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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109
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Wang S, Li F, Hu X, Lv M, Fan C, Ling D. Tuning the Intrinsic Nanotoxicity in Advanced Therapeutics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xi Hu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Min Lv
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility; CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility; CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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110
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Ventura C, Lourenço AF, Sousa-Uva A, Ferreira PJ, Silva MJ. Evaluating the genotoxicity of cellulose nanofibrils in a co-culture of human lung epithelial cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2018; 291:173-183. [PMID: 29679712 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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111
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Schulte PA, Kuempel ED, Drew NM. Characterizing risk assessments for the development of occupational exposure limits for engineered nanomaterials. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:207-219. [PMID: 29574195 PMCID: PMC6075708 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The commercialization of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) began in the early 2000's. Since then the number of commercial products and the number of workers potentially exposed to ENMs is growing, as is the need to evaluate and manage the potential health risks. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) have been developed for some of the first generation of ENMs. These OELs have been based on risk assessments that progressed from qualitative to quantitative as nanotoxicology data became available. In this paper, that progression is characterized. It traces OEL development through the qualitative approach of general groups of ENMs based primarily on read-across with other materials to quantitative risk assessments for nanoscale particles including titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, silver nanoparticles, and cellulose nanocrystals. These represent prototypic approaches to risk assessment and OEL development for ENMs. Such substance-by-substance efforts are not practical given the insufficient data for many ENMs that are currently being used or potentially entering commerce. Consequently, categorical approaches are emerging to group and rank ENMs by hazard and potential health risk. The strengths and limitations of these approaches are described, and future derivations and research needs are discussed. Critical needs in moving forward with understanding the health effects of the numerous EMNs include more standardized and accessible quantitative data on the toxicity and physicochemical properties of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States.
| | - E D Kuempel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
| | - N M Drew
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
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112
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Kavosi A, Hosseini Ghale Noei S, Madani S, Khalighfard S, Khodayari S, Khodayari H, Mirzaei M, Kalhori MR, Yavarian M, Alizadeh AM, Falahati M. The toxicity and therapeutic effects of single-and multi-wall carbon nanotubes on mice breast cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8375. [PMID: 29849103 PMCID: PMC5976726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we have investigated the toxicity of SWCNTs and MWCNTs in vitro and in vivo, and assessed their therapeutic effects on a typical animal model of breast cancer in order to obtain: first, the cytotoxicity effects of CNTs on MC4L2 cell and mice, second the impact of CNTs on ablation of breast tumor. CNTs especially SWCNTs were toxic to organs and induced death at high dosages. In this case, some of the liver cells showed a relative shrinkage which was also confirmed by Annexin test in MC4L2 cells. Moreover, CNTs decreased the tumor volume. BCL2 gene was down-regulated, and BAX and Caspase-3 were also up-regulated in the treated groups with CNTs. As a result, CNTs especially MWCNT in lower dosages can be used as a promising drug delivery vehicle for targeted therapy of abnormal cells in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Kavosi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Hosseini Ghale Noei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Madani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Science branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalighfard
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khodayari
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Khodayari
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Majid Yavarian
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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113
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Dong J, Ma Q. Type 2 Immune Mechanisms in Carbon Nanotube-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1120. [PMID: 29872441 PMCID: PMC5972321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 2-dependent type 2 immune pathways have been recognized as an important driver for the development of fibrosis. Upon stimulation, activated Th2 immune cells and type 2 cytokines interact with inflammatory and tissue repair functions to stimulate an overzealous reparative response to tissue damage, leading to organ fibrosis and destruction. In this connection, type 2 pathways are activated by a variety of insults and pathological conditions to modulate the response. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials with a wide range of applications. However, pulmonary exposure to CNTs causes a number of pathologic outcomes in animal lungs, dominated by inflammation and fibrosis. These findings, alongside the rapidly expanding production and commercialization of CNTs and CNT-containing materials in recent years, have raised concerns on the health risk of CNT exposure in humans. The CNT-induced pulmonary fibrotic lesions resemble those of human fibrotic lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pneumoconiosis, to a certain extent with regard to disease development and pathological features. In fibrotic scenarios, immune cells are activated including varying immune pathways, ranging from innate immune cell activation to autoimmune disease. These events often precede and/or accompany the occurrence of fibrosis. Upon CNT exposure, significant induction and activation of Th2 cells and type 2 cytokines in the lungs are observed. Moreover, type 2 pathways are shown to play important roles in promoting CNT-induced lung fibrosis by producing type 2 pro-fibrotic factors and inducing the reparative phenotypes of macrophages in response to CNTs. In light of the vastly increased demand for nanosafety and the apparent induction and multiple roles of type 2 immune pathways in lung fibrosis, we review the current literature on CNT-induced lung fibrosis, with a focus on the induction and activation of type 2 responses by CNTs and the stimulating function of type 2 signaling on pulmonary fibrosis development. These analyses provide new insights into the mechanistic understanding of CNT-induced lung fibrosis, as well as the potential of using type 2 responses as a monitoring target and therapeutic strategy for human fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- John Howard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vladimir Murashov
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA
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115
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Ndika JDT, Sund J, Alenius H, Puustinen A. Elucidating differential nano-bio interactions of multi-walled andsingle-walled carbon nanotubes using subcellular proteomics. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:554-570. [PMID: 29688820 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1465141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between adverse exposure events and specific material properties will facilitate predictive classification of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) according to their mechanisms of action, and a safe-by-design approach for the next generation of CNTs. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics is a reliable tool to uncover the molecular dynamics of hazardous exposures, yet challenges persist with regards to its limited dynamic range when sampling whole organisms, tissues or cell lysates. Here, the simplicity of the sub-cellular proteome was harnessed to unravel distinctive adverse exposure outcomes at the molecular level, between two CNT subtypes. A549, MRC9 and human macrophage cells, were exposed for 24h to non-cytotoxic doses of single-walled or multi-walled CNTs (swCNTs or mwCNTs). Label-free proteomics on enriched cytoplasmic fractions was complemented with analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial integrity. The extent/number of modulated proteoforms indicated the single-walled variant was more bioactive. Greater enrichment of pathways corresponding to oxido-reductive activity was consistent with greater intracellular ROS induction and mitochondrial dysfunction capacities of swCNTs. Other compromised cellular functions, as revealed by pathway analysis were; ribosome, spliceosome and DNA repair. Highly upregulated proteins (fold change in abundance >6) such as, APOC3, RBP4 and INS are also highlighted as potential markers of hazardous CNT exposure. We conclude that, changes in cytosolic proteome abundance resulting from nano-bio interactions, elucidate adverse response pathways and their distinctive molecular components. Our results indicate that CNT-protein interactions might have a thus far unappreciated significance for protein trafficking, and this warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D T Ndika
- a Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jukka Sund
- b Systems Immunotoxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- a Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anne Puustinen
- d Department of Clinical Chemistry , Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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116
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used in the aerospace, automotive, and electronics industries because of their stability, enhanced metallic, and electrical properties. CNTs are also being investigated for biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems and biosensors. However, the toxic potential of CNTs was reported in various cell lines and animal models. The toxicity depends on diverse properties of the CNTs, such as length, aspect ratio, surface area, degree of aggregation, purity, concentration, and dose. In addition, CNTs and/or associated contaminants were well known for oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, and granuloma in lungs. The increased production of CNTs likely enhanced the possibility of its exposure in people. Studies on the toxicity of CNTs are mainly focused on the pulmonary effects after intratracheal administration, and only a few studies are reported about the toxicity of CNTs via other routes of exposure. So, it is essential to consider the chronic toxicity of CNTs before using them for various biomedical applications. This review focuses on the potential toxicities of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul Prakash Francis
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ventura C, Sousa-Uva A, Lavinha J, Silva MJ. Conventional and novel “omics”-based approaches to the study of carbon nanotubes pulmonary toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:334-362. [PMID: 29481700 DOI: 10.1002/em.22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Ventura
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA); Lisboa Portugal
- Departamento de Saúde Ocupacional e Ambiental; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL); Lisboa Portugal
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL; Lisboa Portugal
| | - António Sousa-Uva
- Departamento de Saúde Ocupacional e Ambiental; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL); Lisboa Portugal
- CISP - Public Health Research Center; Lisboa Portugal
| | - João Lavinha
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA); Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA); Lisboa Portugal
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL; Lisboa Portugal
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Pietroiusti A, Stockmann-Juvala H, Lucaroni F, Savolainen K. Nanomaterial exposure, toxicity, and impact on human health. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1513. [PMID: 29473695 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) has grown after the turn of the 21st century. Also, the production of ENM has globally grown, and exposure of workers especially via the lungs to ENM has increased. This review tackles with effects of ENM on workers' health because occupational environment is the main source of exposure to ENM. Assessment of exposure to ENM is demanding, and today there are no occupational exposure level (OEL) for ENM. This is partly due to challenges of such measurements, and in part to the unknown causality between ENM metrics and effects. There are also marked gaps in systematic knowledge on ENM hazards. Human health surveys of exposed workers, or human field studies have not identified specific effects of ENM linking them with a specific exposure. There is, however, a consensus that material characteristics such as size, and chemistry influence effects of ENM. Available data suggest that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) affect the immunological system and cause inflammation of the lungs, or signs of asthma whereas carbon nanofibers (CNF) may cause interstitial fibrosis. Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles together with MWCNT induce genotoxicity, and a given type of MWCNT has been identified as a possible human carcinogen. Currently, lack of understanding of mechanisms of effects of ENM renders assessment of hazards and risks of ENM material-by-material a necessity. The so called "omics" approaches utilizing ENM-induced alterations in gene and protein expression may be useful in the development of a new paradigm for ENM hazard and risk assessment. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pietroiusti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Lucaroni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Kai Savolainen
- Work Environment, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Öner D, Ghosh M, Bové H, Moisse M, Boeckx B, Duca RC, Poels K, Luyts K, Putzeys E, Van Landuydt K, Vanoirbeek JA, Ameloot M, Lambrechts D, Godderis L, Hoet PH. Differences in MWCNT- and SWCNT-induced DNA methylation alterations in association with the nuclear deposition. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:11. [PMID: 29426343 PMCID: PMC5807760 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtle DNA methylation alterations mediated by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exposure might contribute to pathogenesis and disease susceptibility. It is known that both multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) interact with nucleus. Such, nuclear-CNT interaction may affect the DNA methylation effects. In order to understand the epigenetic toxicity, in particular DNA methylation alterations, of SWCNTs and short MWCNTs, we performed global/genome-wide, gene-specific DNA methylation and RNA-expression analyses after exposing human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o- cell line). In addition, the presence of CNTs on/in the cell nucleus was evaluated in a label-free way using femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy. RESULTS Generally, a higher number of SWCNTs, compared to MWCNTs, was deposited at both the cellular and nuclear level after exposure. Nonetheless, both CNT types were in physical contact with the nuclei. While particle type dependency was noticed for the identified genome-wide and gene-specific alterations, no global DNA methylation alteration on 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) sites was observed for both CNTs. After exposure to MWCNTs, 2398 genes were hypomethylated (at gene promoters), and after exposure to SWCNTs, 589 CpG sites (located on 501 genes) were either hypo- (N = 493 CpG sites) or hypermethylated (N = 96 CpG sites). Cells exposed to MWCNTs exhibited a better correlation between gene promoter methylation and gene expression alterations. Differentially methylated and expressed genes induced changes (MWCNTs > SWCNTs) at different cellular pathways, such as p53 signalling, DNA damage repair and cell cycle. On the other hand, SWCNT exposure showed hypermethylation on functionally important genes, such as SKI proto-oncogene (SKI), glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GTSP1) and shroom family member 2 (SHROOM2) and neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), which the latter is both hypermethylated and downregulated. CONCLUSION After exposure to both types of CNTs, epigenetic alterations may contribute to toxic or repair response. Moreover, our results suggest that the observed differences in the epigenetic response depend on particle type and differential CNT-nucleus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Öner
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan Building C, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, VIB Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, VIB Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu C Duca
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Poels
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Luyts
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Putzeys
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Unit of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Van Landuydt
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Unit of Biomaterials (BIOMAT), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Aj Vanoirbeek
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan Building C, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, VIB Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, IDEWE, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hm Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Mukherjee SP, Bondarenko O, Kohonen P, Andón FT, Brzicová T, Gessner I, Mathur S, Bottini M, Calligari P, Stella L, Kisin E, Shvedova A, Autio R, Salminen-Mankonen H, Lahesmaa R, Fadeel B. Macrophage sensing of single-walled carbon nanotubes via Toll-like receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1115. [PMID: 29348435 PMCID: PMC5773626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to trigger inflammation. However, how these materials are 'sensed' by immune cells is not known. Here we compared the effects of two carbon-based nanomaterials, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), on primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Genome-wide transcriptomics assessment was performed at sub-cytotoxic doses. Pathway analysis of the microarray data revealed pronounced effects on chemokine-encoding genes in macrophages exposed to SWCNTs, but not in response to GO, and these results were validated by multiplex array-based cytokine and chemokine profiling. Conditioned medium from SWCNT-exposed cells acted as a chemoattractant for dendritic cells. Chemokine secretion was reduced upon inhibition of NF-κB, as predicted by upstream regulator analysis of the transcriptomics data, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their adaptor molecule, MyD88 were shown to be important for CCL5 secretion. Moreover, a specific role for TLR2/4 was confirmed by using reporter cell lines. Computational studies to elucidate how SWCNTs may interact with TLR4 in the absence of a protein corona suggested that binding is guided mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, these results imply that CNTs may be 'sensed' as pathogens by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav P Mukherjee
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olesja Bondarenko
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando T Andón
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, 20089, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Táňa Brzicová
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Gessner
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00173, Italy.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Anna Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.,Department Pharmacology & Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Reija Autio
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Salminen-Mankonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Dong J, Ma Q. Macrophage polarization and activation at the interface of multi-walled carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:153-168. [PMID: 29338488 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1425501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) induces fibrosing lesions in the lungs that manifest rapid-onset inflammatory and fibrotic responses, leading to chronic fibrosis in animals and health concerns in exposed humans. The mechanisms underlying CNT-induced fibrogenic effects remain undefined. Macrophages are known to play important roles in immune regulation and fibrosis development through their distinct subsets. Here we investigated macrophage polarization and activation in mouse lungs exposed to multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with MWCNTs (XNRI MWNT-7) at 40 μg per mouse (∼1.86 mg/kg body weight) by oropharyngeal aspiration. The treatment stimulated prominent acute inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Moreover, it induced pronounced enrichment and polarization of macrophages with significantly increased M1 and M2 populations in a time-dependent manner. Induction of M1 polarization was apparent on day 1 with a peak on day 3, but declined rapidly thereafter. On the other hand, the M2 polarization was induced on day 1 modestly, but was remarkably elevated on day 3 and maintained at a high level through day 7. M1 and M2 macrophages were functionally activated by MWCNTs as indicated by the expression of their distinctive functional markers, such as iNOS and ARG1, with time courses parallel to M1 and M2 polarization, respectively. Molecular analysis revealed MWCNTs boosted specific STAT and IRF signaling pathways to regulate M1 and M2 polarization in the lungs. These findings suggest a new mechanistic connection between inflammation and fibrosis induced by MWCNTs through the polarization and activation of macrophages during MWCNT-induced lung pathologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- a Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- a Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Morgantown , WV , USA
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Kouassi S, Catto C, Ostiguy C, L'Espérance G, Kroeger J, Debia M. Exposure Assessment in a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Primary Manufacturer. Ann Work Expo Health 2017; 61:260-266. [PMID: 28395348 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was aimed at documenting and characterizing occupational exposure to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) generated in a primary manufacturing plant. It also compared various strategies of exposure monitoring. Methods A 6-day measurement protocol was scheduled (D1-D6) including both (i) quasi-personal monitoring with an array of direct reading instruments (DRIs) and (ii) offline electron microscopy analyses of surface and breathing zone filter-based samples. The first step (D1 and D2) consisted of contamination screenings resulting from the various SWCNT production tasks using a multimetric approach. Surface sampling was also carried out to assess workplace cross-contamination. The second step (D3-D6) focused on the exposure monitoring during recovery/cleaning task, by comparing three personal elemental carbon (EC) measurements [respirable EC using a cyclone following the NIOSH 5040 method (REC-CYC), respirable and thoracic EC using parallel particle impactors [REC-PPI and TEC-PPI, respectively)] and gravimetric mass concentration measurements. Results DustTrak DRX and electrical low-pressure impactor measurements indicated that particles were released during weighing, transferring, and recovery/cleaning tasks of the manufacturing process. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of agglomerated SWCNTs only during the recovery/cleaning task. REC-CYC concentrations remained under the limits of quantification; REC-PPI showed levels up to 58 µg m-3; and TEC-PPI ranged from 40 to 70 µg m-3. Ratios calculated between gravimetric measurements and estimated DustTrak mass concentrations ranged from 2.8 to 4.9. Cross-contamination appeared to be limited since SWCNTs was only found on surface samples collected close to the reactor in the production room. Conclusions This case study showed that the DustTrak DRX should be the preferred device among DRIs to identify potential exposure to SWCNTs. However, there is a risk of false positive since it is a non-specific instrument; therefore, the actual release of SWCNTs must be confirmed with scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy analyses. Besides, using EC measurements as a proxy for SWCNT exposure assessments, as suggested by the NIOSH, is still challenging since interferences can occur with other EC sources such as carbon black, which is also present in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Kouassi
- Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Main Station, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Cyril Catto
- Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Main Station, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Claude Ostiguy
- Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST), 505, Boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montréal, Québec H3A 3C2, Canada
| | - Gilles L'Espérance
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, PO Box 6079, Main Station, Montréal, Québec H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Jens Kroeger
- Raymor Industries Inc., 3765 Rue la Vérendrye, Boisbriand, Québec QC J7H 1R8, Canada
| | - Maximilien Debia
- Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Main Station, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
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Aligning nanotoxicology with the 3Rs: What is needed to realise the short, medium and long-term opportunities? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 91:257-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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124
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Boraschi D, Italiani P, Palomba R, Decuzzi P, Duschl A, Fadeel B, Moghimi SM. Nanoparticles and innate immunity: new perspectives on host defence. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:33-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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126
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Liu X, Walimbe T, Schrock WP, Zheng W, Sivasankar MP. Acute Nanoparticle Exposure to Vocal Folds: A Laboratory Study. J Voice 2017; 31:662-668. [PMID: 28438490 PMCID: PMC5650956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Airway exposure to nanoparticles is common in occupational settings. Inhaled nanoparticles have toxic effects on respiratory tissue. Vocal folds are also at direct risk from inhaled nanoparticles. This study investigated the effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), a type of nanoparticle, on vocal fold epithelium and fibroblasts. These cell types were selected for study as the epithelium is the outer layer of the vocal folds and fibroblasts are the most common cell type in connective tissue underlying the epithelium. METHODS Native porcine vocal fold epithelium and cultured human vocal fold fibroblasts were exposed to SWCNTs (100 ng/mL) and control (no SWCNT) in vitro. Epithelial and fibroblast viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Epithelial barrier integrity was assessed with transepithelial resistance and sodium fluorescein permeability. Epithelial tight junctional protein occludin expression was measured with Western blot. Gene expressions of the fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen III (Col-III) were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Transcriptional expression of genes encoding FSP-1 and Col-III was increased significantly following SWCNT exposure. There were no significant differences between control and SWCNT groups on any of the other measures. CONCLUSIONS SWCNT exposure induces vocal fold fibroblasts to a fibrotic phenotype. These data help us understand vocal fold defense mechanisms and lay the groundwork for studying the physiological effects of nanoparticle exposure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tanaya Walimbe
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M Preeti Sivasankar
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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De Matteis V. Exposure to Inorganic Nanoparticles: Routes of Entry, Immune Response, Biodistribution and In Vitro/In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation. TOXICS 2017; 5:toxics5040029. [PMID: 29051461 PMCID: PMC5750557 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of different kinds of nanoparticles, showing different physico-chemical properties, has fostered their large use in many fields, including medicine. As a consequence, inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., metals or semiconductors), have raised issues about their potential toxicity. The scientific community is investigating the toxicity mechanisms of these materials, in vitro and in vivo, in order to provide accurate references concerning their use. This review will give the readers a thorough exploration on the entry mechanisms of inorganic nanoparticles in the human body, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs), silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and quantum dots (QDsNPs). In addition, biodistribution, the current trends and novelties of in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies will be discussed, with a particular focus on immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Matteis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Ennio De Giorgi", Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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128
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Duke KS, Bonner JC. Mechanisms of carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary fibrosis: a physicochemical characteristic perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10:e1498. [PMID: 28984415 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with numerous beneficial applications. However, they could pose a risk to human health from occupational or consumer exposures. Rodent models demonstrate that exposure to CNTs via inhalation, instillation, or aspiration results in pulmonary fibrosis. The severity of the fibrogenic response is determined by various physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial such as residual metal catalyst content, rigidity, length, aggregation status, or surface charge. CNTs are also increasingly functionalized post-synthesis with organic or inorganic agents to modify or enhance surface properties. The mechanisms of CNT-induced fibrosis involve oxidative stress, innate immune responses of macrophages, cytokine and growth factor production, epithelial cell injury and death, expansion of the pulmonary myofibroblast population, and consequent extracellular matrix accumulation. A comprehensive understanding of how physicochemical properties affect the fibrogenic potential of various types of CNTs should be considered in combination with genetic variability and gain or loss of function of specific genes encoding secreted cytokines, enzymes, or intracellular cell signaling molecules. Here, we cover the current state of the literature on mechanisms of CNT-exposed pulmonary fibrosis in rodent models with a focus on physicochemical characteristics as principal drivers of the mechanisms leading to pulmonary fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Duke
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Yun Y, Gao R, Yue H, Guo L, Li G, Sang N. Sulfate Aerosols Promote Lung Cancer Metastasis by Epigenetically Regulating the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11401-11411. [PMID: 28901751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), particularly sulfate aerosols, are central particulate matter (PM) constituents of severe haze formation in China and exert profound impacts on human health; however, our understanding of the mechanisms by which sulfate aerosols cause malignancy in lung carcinogenesis remains incomplete. Here, we show that exposure to secondary inorganic aerosols induced the invasion and migration of lung epithelial cells, and that (NH4)2SO4 exerted the most serious effects in vitro and promoted lung tumor metastasis in vivo. This action was associated with alterations of phenotype markers in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as the up-regulation of fibronectin (Fn1) and the down-regulation of E-cadherin (E-cad). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-Snail signaling, regulated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was involved in the (NH4)2SO4-induced EMT, and the potent antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited the activation of HIF-1α-Snail and blocked the EMT, cell invasion, and migration in response to (NH4)2SO4. Additionally, CpG hypermethylation in the E-cad promoter regions partly contributed to the (NH4)2SO4-regulated E-cad repression, and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) restored the (NH4)2SO4-induced down-regulation of E-cad. Our findings reveal a potential mechanistic basis for exploring the association between sulfate aerosol exposure and increased malignancy during lung carcinogenesis, and suggest new approaches for the treatment, improvement, and prevention of lung cancer resulting from sulfate aerosol exposure in severe haze-fog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P.R. China
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130
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Kobayashi N, Izumi H, Morimoto Y. Review of toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes. J Occup Health 2017; 59:394-407. [PMID: 28794394 PMCID: PMC5635148 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0089-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reviewed studies on pulmonary, reproductive, and developmental toxicity caused by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In paricular, we analyzed how CNT exposure affects the several processes of pulmonary toxicity, including inflammation, injury, fibrosis, and pulmonary tumors. METHODS In pulmonary toxicity, there are various processes, including inflammation, injury, fibrosis, respiratory tumor in the lungs, and biopersistence of CNTs and genotoxicity as tumor-related factors, to develop the respiratory tumor. We evaluated the evidence for the carcinogenicity of CNTs in each process. In the fields of reproductive and developmental toxicity, studies of CNTs have been conducted mainly with mice. We summarized the findings of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of CNTs. RESULTS In animal studies, exposure to CNTs induced sustained inflammation, fibrosis, lung cancer following long-term inhalation, and gene damage in the lung. CNTs also showed high biopersistence in animal studies. Fetal malformations after intravenous and intraperitoneal injections and intratracheal instillation, fetal loss after intravenous injection, behavioral changes in offsprings after intraperitoneal injection, and a delay in the delivery of the first litter after intratracheal instillation were reported in mice-administered multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) appeared to be embryolethal and teratogenic in mice when given by intravenous injection; moreover, the tubes induced death and growth retardation in chicken embryos. CONCLUSION CNTs are considered to have carcinogenicity and can cause lung tumors. However, the carcinogenicity of CNTs may attenuate if the fiber length is shorter. The available data provide initial information on the potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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131
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Bishop L, Cena L, Orandle M, Yanamala N, Dahm MM, Birch ME, Evans DE, Kodali VK, Eye T, Battelli L, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Casuccio G, Bunker K, Lupoi JS, Lersch TL, Stefaniak AB, Sager T, Afshari A, Schwegler-Berry D, Friend S, Kang J, Siegrist KJ, Mitchell CA, Lowry DT, Kashon ML, Mercer RR, Geraci CL, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Sargent LM, Erdely A. In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Occupational Components of the Carbon Nanotube Life Cycle To Provide Context to Potential Health Effects. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8849-8863. [PMID: 28759202 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity studies on carbon nanotubes focus primarily on as-produced materials and rarely are guided by a life cycle perspective or integration with exposure assessment. Understanding toxicity beyond the as-produced, or pure native material, is critical, due to modifications needed to overcome barriers to commercialization of applications. In the first series of studies, the toxicity of as-produced carbon nanotubes and their polymer-coated counterparts was evaluated in reference to exposure assessment, material characterization, and stability of the polymer coating in biological fluids. The second series of studies examined the toxicity of aerosols generated from sanding polymer-coated carbon-nanotube-embedded or neat composites. Postproduction modification by polymer coating did not enhance pulmonary injury, inflammation, and pathology or in vitro genotoxicity of as-produced carbon nanotubes, and for a particular coating, toxicity was significantly attenuated. The aerosols generated from sanding composites embedded with polymer-coated carbon nanotubes contained no evidence of free nanotubes. The percent weight incorporation of polymer-coated carbon nanotubes, 0.15% or 3% by mass, and composite matrix utilized altered the particle size distribution and, in certain circumstances, influenced acute in vivo toxicity. Our study provides perspective that, while the number of workers and consumers increases along the life cycle, toxicity and/or potential for exposure to the as-produced material may greatly diminish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Bishop
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Lorenzo Cena
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- West Chester University , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19383, United States
| | - Marlene Orandle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Matthew M Dahm
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati, Ohio 45213, United States
| | - M Eileen Birch
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati, Ohio 45213, United States
| | - Douglas E Evans
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati, Ohio 45213, United States
| | - Vamsi K Kodali
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Tracy Eye
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Lori Battelli
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Patti C Zeidler-Erdely
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Gary Casuccio
- RJ Lee Group , Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, United States
| | - Kristin Bunker
- RJ Lee Group , Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, United States
| | - Jason S Lupoi
- RJ Lee Group , Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, United States
| | - Traci L Lersch
- RJ Lee Group , Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146, United States
| | - Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Tina Sager
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Aliakbar Afshari
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Sherri Friend
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Jonathan Kang
- West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Katelyn J Siegrist
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Constance A Mitchell
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - David T Lowry
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Michael L Kashon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Robert R Mercer
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Charles L Geraci
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati, Ohio 45213, United States
| | | | - Linda M Sargent
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Aaron Erdely
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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132
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SOX9 Regulates Cancer Stem-Like Properties and Metastatic Potential of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Exposed Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11653. [PMID: 28912540 PMCID: PMC5599589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials hold great promise for the future development of innovative products but their adverse health effects are a major concern. Recent studies have indicated that certain nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), may be carcinogenic. However, the underlying mechanisms behind their potential malignant properties remain unclear. In this study, we linked SOX9, a stem cell associated transcription factor, to the neoplastic-like properties of human lung epithelial cells chronically exposed to a low-dose of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We found that SOX9 is upregulated in SWCNT-exposed cells, which is consistent with their abilities to induce tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. We therefore hypothesized that SOX9 overexpression may be responsible for the neoplastic-like phenotype observed in our model. Indeed, SOX9 knockdown inhibited anchorage-independent cell growth in vitro and lung colonization in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. SOX9 depletion also suppressed the formation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), as determined by tumor sphere formation and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity (Aldefluor) assays. Furthermore, SOX9 knockdown suppressed tumor metastasis and the expression of the stem cell marker ALDH1A1. Taken together, our findings provide a mechanistic insight into SWCNT-induced carcinogenesis and the role of SOX9 in CSC regulation and metastasis.
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133
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Raguvaran R, Manuja A, Manuja BK, Riyesh T, Singh S, Kesavan M, Dimri U. Sodium alginate and gum acacia hydrogels of zinc oxide nanoparticles reduce hemolytic and oxidative stress inflicted by zinc oxide nanoparticles on mammalian cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:967-972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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134
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Jain A, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Ramalingam C. Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: An overview on their safety concerns and regulatory issues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:297-317. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1160363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, Bihar, India
- Xpert Arena Technological Services Pvt. Ltd., Chapra, Bihar, India
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chidambaram Ramalingam
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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135
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Singha S, Shao K, Yang Y, Clemente-Casares X, Solé P, Clemente A, Blanco J, Dai Q, Song F, Liu SW, Yamanouchi J, Umeshappa CS, Nanjundappa RH, Detampel P, Amrein M, Fandos C, Tanguay R, Newbigging S, Serra P, Khadra A, Chan WCW, Santamaria P. Peptide-MHC-based nanomedicines for autoimmunity function as T-cell receptor microclustering devices. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:701-710. [PMID: 28436959 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as ligand-multimerization platforms to activate specific cellular receptors in vivo. Nanoparticles coated with autoimmune disease-relevant peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) blunted autoimmune responses by triggering the differentiation and expansion of antigen-specific regulatory T cells in vivo. Here, we define the engineering principles impacting biological activity, detail a synthesis process yielding safe and stable compounds, and visualize how these nanomedicines interact with cognate T cells. We find that the triggering properties of pMHC-NPs are a function of pMHC intermolecular distance and involve the sustained assembly of large antigen receptor microclusters on murine and human cognate T cells. These compounds show no off-target toxicity in zebrafish embryos, do not cause haematological, biochemical or histological abnormalities, and are rapidly captured by phagocytes or processed by the hepatobiliary system. This work lays the groundwork for the design of ligand-based NP formulations to re-program in vivo cellular responses using nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiswarup Singha
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kun Shao
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yang Yang
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Patricia Solé
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Antonio Clemente
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Jesús Blanco
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Qin Dai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Fayi Song
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Shang Wan Liu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jun Yamanouchi
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roopa Hebbandi Nanjundappa
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pascal Detampel
- Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Pathology &Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthias Amrein
- Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, and Pathology &Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - César Fandos
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Robert Tanguay
- Environmental &Molecular Toxicology Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvalis, Oregon 97333, USA
| | - Susan Newbigging
- Center for Modeling Human Disease, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Lunenfeld Research Institute, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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136
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Burello E. A Mechanistic Model for Predicting Lung Inflammogenicity of Oxide Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:339-353. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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137
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Length effects on the dynamic process of cellular uptake and exocytosis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in murine macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1518. [PMID: 28490792 PMCID: PMC5431871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular uptake and exocytosis of SWCNTs are fundamental processes determining their intracellular concentration and effects. Despite the great potential of acid-oxidized SWCNTs in biomedical field, understanding of the influencing factors on these processes needs to be deepened. Here, we quantitatively investigated uptake and exocytosis of SWCNTs in three lengths-630 (±171) nm (L-SWCNTs), 390 (±50) nm (M-SWCNTs), and 195 (±63) nm (S-MWCNTs) in macrophages. The results showed that the cellular accumulation of SWCNTs was a length-independent process and non-monotonic in time, with the most SWCNTs (3950 fg/cell) accumulated at 8 h and then intracellular SWCNTs dropped obviously with time. The uptake rate of SWCNTs decreased with increasing concentration, suggesting that intracellular SWCNTs accumulation is a saturable process. After refreshing culture medium, we found increasing SWCNTs in supernatant and decreasing intracellular SWCNTs over time, confirming the exocytosis occurred. Selective inhibition of endocytosis pathways showed that the internalization of SWCNTs involves several pathways, in the order of macropinocytosis> caveolae-mediated endocytosis> clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Intriguingly, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is relatively important for internalizing shorter SWCNTs. The dynamic processes of SWCNTs uptake and exocytosis and the mechanisms revealed by this study may render a better understanding on SWCNT toxicity and facilitate the design of CNT products with mitigated toxicity and desired functions.
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138
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Geometry of carbon nanotubes and mechanisms of phagocytosis and toxic effects. Toxicol Lett 2017; 273:69-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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139
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Perez Ruiz de Garibay A, Spinato C, Klippstein R, Bourgognon M, Martincic M, Pach E, Ballesteros B, Ménard-Moyon C, Al-Jamal KT, Tobias G, Bianco A. Evaluation of the immunological profile of antibody-functionalized metal-filled single-walled carbon nanocapsules for targeted radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42605. [PMID: 28198410 PMCID: PMC5309841 DOI: 10.1038/srep42605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the immune responses induced by metal-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) under in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo settings. Either empty amino-functionalized CNTs [SWCNT-NH2 (1)] or samarium chloride-filled amino-functionalized CNTs with [SmCl3@SWCNT-mAb (3)] or without [SmCl3@SWCNT-NH2 (2)] Cetuximab functionalization were tested. Conjugates were added to RAW 264.7 or PBMC cells in a range of 1 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml for 24 h. Cell viability and IL-6/TNFα production were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA. Additionally, the effect of SWCNTs on the number of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes within the PBMC subpopulations was evaluated by immunostaining and flow cytometry. The effect on monocyte number in living mice was assessed after tail vein injection (150 μg of each conjugate per mouse) at 1, 7 and 13 days post-injection. Overall, our study showed that all the conjugates had no significant effect on cell viability of RAW 264.7 but conjugates 1 and 3 led to a slight increase in IL-6/TNFα. All the conjugates resulted in significant reduction in monocyte/macrophage cell numbers within PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, monocyte depletion was not observed in vivo, suggesting their suitability for future testing in the field of targeted radiotherapy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz Perez Ruiz de Garibay
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cinzia Spinato
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Rebecca Klippstein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maxime Bourgognon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Markus Martincic
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elzbieta Pach
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Ballesteros
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Khuloud T. Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Gerard Tobias
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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140
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Yang Y, Wang K, Gu X, Leong KW. Biophysical Regulation of Cell Behavior-Cross Talk between Substrate Stiffness and Nanotopography. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2017; 3:36-54. [PMID: 29071164 PMCID: PMC5653318 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The stiffness and nanotopographical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence numerous developmental, physiological, and pathological processes in vivo. These biophysical cues have therefore been applied to modulate almost all aspects of cell behavior, from cell adhesion and spreading to proliferation and differentiation. Delineation of the biophysical modulation of cell behavior is critical to the rational design of new biomaterials, implants, and medical devices. The effects of stiffness and topographical cues on cell behavior have previously been reviewed, respectively; however, the interwoven effects of stiffness and nanotopographical cues on cell behavior have not been well described, despite similarities in phenotypic manifestations. Herein, we first review the effects of substrate stiffness and nanotopography on cell behavior, and then focus on intracellular transmission of the biophysical signals from integrins to nucleus. Attempts are made to connect extracellular regulation of cell behavior with the biophysical cues. We then discuss the challenges in dissecting the biophysical regulation of cell behavior and in translating the mechanistic understanding of these cues to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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141
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Elgrabli D, Dachraoui W, Marmier HD, Ménard-Moyon C, Bégin D, Bégin-Colin S, Bianco A, Alloyeau D, Gazeau F. Intracellular degradation of functionalized carbon nanotube/iron oxide hybrids is modulated by iron via Nrf2 pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40997. [PMID: 28120861 PMCID: PMC5264386 DOI: 10.1038/srep40997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo fate and biodegradability of carbon nanotubes is still a matter of debate despite tremendous applications. In this paper we describe a molecular pathway by which macrophages degrade functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) designed for biomedical applications and containing, or not, iron oxide nanoparticles in their inner cavity. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy show that intracellularly-induced structural damages appear more rapidly for iron-free CNTs in comparison to iron-loaded ones, suggesting a role of iron in the degradation mechanism. By comparing the molecular responses of macrophages derived from THP1 monocytes to both types of CNTs, we highlight a molecular mechanism regulated by Nrf2/Bach1 signaling pathways to induce CNT degradation via NOX2 complex activation and O2•−, H2O2 and OH• production. CNT exposure activates an oxidative stress-dependent production of iron via Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Ferritin H and Heme oxygenase 1 translation. Conversely, Bach1 was translocated to the nucleus of cells exposed to iron-loaded CNTs to recycle embedded iron. Our results provide new information on the role of oxidative stress, iron metabolism and Nrf2-mediated host defence for regulating CNT fate in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Elgrabli
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Walid Dachraoui
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hélène de Marmier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bégin
- Institut de Chimie et des Procédés pour L'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Sylvie Bégin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 34, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Alloyeau
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR7057 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
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142
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Sattler C, Moritz F, Chen S, Steer B, Kutschke D, Irmler M, Beckers J, Eickelberg O, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Adler H, Stoeger T. Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:2. [PMID: 28069010 PMCID: PMC5223553 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of environmental (nano) particles (NP) as well as persistent herpesvirus-infection are potentially associated with chronic lung disease and as both are omnipresent in human society a coincidence of these two factors is highly likely. We hypothesized that NP-exposure of persistently herpesvirus-infected cells as a second hit might disrupt immune control of viral latency, provoke reactivation of latent virus and eventually lead to an inflammatory response and tissue damage. Results To test this hypothesis, we applied different NP to cells or mice latently infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) which provides a small animal model for the study of gammaherpesvirus-pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, NP-exposure induced expression of the typically lytic viral gene ORF50 and production of lytic virus. In vivo, lytic viral proteins in the lung increased after intratracheal instillation with NP and elevated expression of the viral gene ORF50 could be detected in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage. Gene expression and metabolome analysis of whole lung tissue revealed patterns with striking similarities to acute infection. Likewise, NP-exposure of human cells latently infected with Epstein-Barr-Virus also induced virus production. Conclusions Our results indicate that NP-exposure of persistently herpesvirus-infected cells – murine or human – restores molecular signatures found in acute virus infection, boosts production of lytic viral proteins, and induces an inflammatory response in the lung – a combination which might finally result in tissue damage and pathological alterations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0181-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sattler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Franco Moritz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shanze Chen
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beatrix Steer
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377, Munich, Germany.,University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81377, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - David Kutschke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Experimental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Research Unit BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Adler
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377, Munich, Germany. .,University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81377, Munich, Germany. .,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), D-81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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143
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Murakami T. Photodynamic Action of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:629-636. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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144
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Bonner JC. Toxicological Effects of Carbon Nanotubes. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology offers many potential societal and economic benefits. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most widely produced engineered nanomaterials and have diverse applications in engineering, electronics, and medicine. They have also been extensively investigated for their toxicological properties. Studies with rodents indicate that CNTs can cause lung fibrosis or granuloma formation, exacerbate pre-existing respiratory disease, cause injury to the sensitive pleural lining of the lungs, and have systemic immunosuppressive effects. CNTs have also been reported to cause genotoxic effects on cultured cells. The fiber-like structure of CNTs has led to comparisons with asbestos fibers; yet the debate over whether CNTs cause mesothelioma remains highly controversial, and evidence thus far is lacking. The aim of this chapter is to overview the evidence in rodent models that CNTs cause lung disease and to discuss the potential of CNTs to cause adverse immune, fibrogenic, or carcinogenic effects in humans as a result of occupational, consumer, or environmental exposure.
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145
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Wright C, Iyer AKV, Wang L, Wu N, Yakisich JS, Rojanasakul Y, Azad N. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on human keratinocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 40:90-100. [PMID: 27310834 PMCID: PMC5161738 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1185111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a ubiquitous whitening compound widely used in topical products such as sunscreens, lotions and facial creams. The damaging health effects of TiO2 inhalation has been widely studied in rats, mice and humans showing oxidative stress increase, DNA damage, cell death and inflammatory gene upregulation in lung and throat cells; however, the effects on skin cells from long-term topical use of various products remain largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the effect of specific TiO2 nanoparticles (H2TiO7) on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). We performed a comparative analysis using three TiO2 particles varying in size (Fine, Ultrafine and H2TiO7) and analyzed their effects on HaCaTs. There is a clear dose-dependent increase in superoxide production, caspase 8 and 9 activity, and apoptosis in HaCaTs after treatment with all three forms of TiO2; however, there is no consistent effect on cell viability and proliferation with either of these TiO2 particles. While there is data suggesting UV exposure can enhance the carcinogenic effects of TiO2, we did not observe any significant effect of UV-C exposure combined with TiO2 treatment on HaCaTs. Furthermore, TiO2-treated cells showed minimal effects on VEGF upregulation and Wnt signaling pathway thereby showing no potential effect on angiogenesis and malignant transformation. Overall, we report here an increase in apoptosis, which may be caspase 8/Fas-dependent, and that the H2TiO7 nanoparticles, despite their smaller particle size, had no significant enhanced effect on HaCaT cells as compared to Fine and Ultrafine forms of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Liying Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Juan S. Yakisich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
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146
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Kuempel ED, Jaurand MC, Møller P, Morimoto Y, Kobayashi N, Pinkerton KE, Sargent LM, Vermeulen RCH, Fubini B, Kane AB. Evaluating the mechanistic evidence and key data gaps in assessing the potential carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 47:1-58. [PMID: 27537422 PMCID: PMC5555643 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1206061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In an evaluation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the IARC Monograph 111, the Mechanisms Subgroup was tasked with assessing the strength of evidence on the potential carcinogenicity of CNTs in humans. The mechanistic evidence was considered to be not strong enough to alter the evaluations based on the animal data. In this paper, we provide an extended, in-depth examination of the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies according to current hypotheses on the carcinogenicity of inhaled particles and fibers. We cite additional studies of CNTs that were not available at the time of the IARC meeting in October 2014, and extend our evaluation to include carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Finally, we identify key data gaps and suggest research needs to reduce uncertainty. The focus of this review is on the cancer risk to workers exposed to airborne CNT or CNF during the production and use of these materials. The findings of this review, in general, affirm those of the original evaluation on the inadequate or limited evidence of carcinogenicity for most types of CNTs and CNFs at this time, and possible carcinogenicity of one type of CNT (MWCNT-7). The key evidence gaps to be filled by research include: investigation of possible associations between in vitro and early-stage in vivo events that may be predictive of lung cancer or mesothelioma, and systematic analysis of dose-response relationships across materials, including evaluation of the influence of physico-chemical properties and experimental factors on the observation of nonmalignant and malignant endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen D Kuempel
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- b Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche , UMR 1162 , Paris , France
- c Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Descartes , Paris , France
- d University Institute of Hematology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Diderot , Paris , France
- e University of Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Saint-Denis , France
| | - Peter Møller
- f Department of Public Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- g Department of Occupational Pneumology , University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu City , Japan
| | | | - Kent E Pinkerton
- i Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , California , USA
| | - Linda M Sargent
- j National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- k Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Bice Fubini
- l Department of Chemistry and "G.Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Agnes B Kane
- m Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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147
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Ignatova T, Chandrasekar S, Pirbhai M, Jedlicka SS, Rotkin SV. Micro-Raman spectroscopy as an enabling tool for long-term intracellular studies of nanomaterials at nanomolar concentration levels. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6536-6545. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00766c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of individual SWCNTs inside neural stem cells has been demonstrated using confocal scanning Raman microscopy. Hyperspectral Raman imaging allowed detection of nanomaterials applied to the cell in ultra-low doses in long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Ignatova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- USA
| | - S. Chandrasekar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- USA
| | - M. Pirbhai
- Department of Physics
- Susquehanna University
- Selinsgrove
- USA
| | - S. S. Jedlicka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- USA
- Bioengineering Program
- Lehigh University
| | - S. V. Rotkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Lehigh University
- USA
- Center for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology
- Lehigh University
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148
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Oksel C, Ma CY, Liu JJ, Wilkins T, Wang XZ. Literature Review of (Q)SAR Modelling of Nanomaterial Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 947:103-142. [PMID: 28168667 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47754-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clear benefits that nanotechnology can bring to various sectors of industry, there are serious concerns about the potential health risks associated with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), intensified by the limited understanding of what makes ENMs toxic and how to make them safe. As the use of ENMs for commercial purposes and the number of workers/end-users being exposed to these materials on a daily basis increases, the need for assessing the potential adverse effects of multifarious ENMs in a time- and cost-effective manner becomes more apparent. One strategy to alleviate the problem of testing a large number and variety of ENMs in terms of their toxicological properties is through the development of computational models that decode the relationships between the physicochemical features of ENMs and their toxicity. Such data-driven models can be used for hazard screening, early identification of potentially harmful ENMs and the toxicity-governing physicochemical properties, and accelerating the decision-making process by maximising the use of existing data. Moreover, these models can also support industrial, regulatory and public needs for designing inherently safer ENMs. This chapter is mainly concerned with the investigation of the applicability of (quantitative) structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) methods to modelling of ENMs' toxicity. It summarizes the key components required for successful application of data-driven toxicity prediction techniques to ENMs, the published studies in this field and the current limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Oksel
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Cai Y Ma
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jing J Liu
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Terry Wilkins
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xue Z Wang
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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149
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Induction of cancer-associated fibroblast-like cells by carbon nanotubes dictates its tumorigenicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39558. [PMID: 27996035 PMCID: PMC5172236 DOI: 10.1038/srep39558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment has been recognized as a key determinant of tumor formation and metastasis, but how tumor microenvironment is affected by nanomaterials is essentially unknown. Here, we investigated whether carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a widely used nanomaterial with known carcinogenic potential, can affect cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are a key component of tumor microenvironment that provides necessary support for tumor growth. We show for the first time that single-walled CNT and to a lesser extent multi-walled and its COOH-functionalized form induced CAF-like cells, which are non-tumorigenic in animals, but promote tumor growth of human lung carcinoma and CNT-transformed lung epithelial cells. The mechanism by which CNT-induced CAF-like cells promote tumor growth involved the acquisition of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer population. Gene knockdown experiments showed that an expression of podoplanin on CAF-like cells is essential for their effects, indicating the functional role of CAF-like cells and podoplanin in CNT tumorigenic process. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism of CNT-induced carcinogenesis through the induction of CAF-like cells that support CSCs and drive tumor formation. Our results also suggest the potential utility of podoplanin as a mechanism-based biomarker for rapid screening of carcinogenicity of CNTs and related nanomaterials for their safer design.
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150
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Zhang LW, Zeng L, Barron AR, Monteiro-Riviere NA. Biological Interactions of Functionalized Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Int J Toxicol 2016; 26:103-13. [PMID: 17454250 DOI: 10.1080/10915810701225133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube–based nanovectors, especially functionalized nanotubes, have shown potential for therapeutic drug delivery. 6-Aminohexanoic acid–derivatized single-wall carbon nanotubes (AHA-SWNTs) are soluble in aqueous stock solutions over a wide range of physiologically relevant conditions; however, their interactions with cells and their biological compatibility has not been explored. Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) were dosed with AHA-SWNTs ranging in concentration from 0.00000005 to 0.05 mg/ml. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability decreased significantly ( p < .05) from 0.00005 to 0.05 mg/ml after 24 h. The proinflammatory mediators of inflammation cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, IL-10, and IL-1 β were also assessed. Cytokine analysis did not show a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-8 in the medium containing 0.000005 mg/ml of AHA-SWNTs from 1 to 48 h. IL-6 increased in cells treated with 0.05 mg/ml of AHA-SWNTs from 1 to 48 h, whereas IL-8 showed a significant increase at 24 and 48 h. No significant difference ( p < .05) was noted with TNF- α, IL-10, and IL-1 β expression at any time point. Transmission electron microscopy of HEKs treated with 0.05 mg/ml AHA-SWNTs for 24 h depicted AHA-SWNTs localized within intracytoplasmic vacuoles in HEKs. Treatment with the surfactant 1% Pluronic F127 caused dispersion of the AHA-SWNT aggregates in the culture medium and less toxicity. These data showed that the lower concentration of 0.000005 mg/ml of AHA-SWNTs maintains cell viability and induces a mild cytotoxicity, but 0.05 mg/ml of AHA-SWNTs demonstrated an irritation response by the increase in IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leshuai W Zhang
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
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