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Ng HM, Ho JCH, Nong W, Hui JHL, Lai KP, Wong CKC. Genome-wide analysis of MicroRNA-messenger RNA interactome in ex-vivo gill filaments, Anguilla japonica. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:208. [PMID: 32131732 PMCID: PMC7057501 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gills of euryhaline fishes possess great physiological and structural plasticity to adapt to large changes in external osmolality and to participate in ion uptake/excretion, which is essential for the re-establishment of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The osmoregulatory plasticity of gills provides an excellent model to study the role of microRNAs (miRs) in adaptive osmotic responses. The present study is to characterize an ex-vivo gill filament culture and using omics approach, to decipher the interaction between tonicity-responsive miRs and gene targets, in orchestrating the osmotic stress-induced responses. Results Ex-vivo gill filament culture was exposed to Leibovitz’s L-15 medium (300 mOsmol l− 1) or the medium with an adjusted osmolality of 600 mOsmol l− 1 for 4, 8 and 24 h. Hypertonic responsive genes, including osmotic stress transcriptional factor, Na+/Cl−-taurine transporter, Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, inward rectifying K+ channel, Na+/K+-ATPase, and calcium-transporting ATPase were significantly upregulated, while the hypo-osmotic gene, V-type proton ATPase was downregulated. The data illustrated that the ex-vivo gill filament culture exhibited distinctive responses to hyperosmotic challenge. In the hyperosmotic treatment, four key factors (i.e. drosha RNase III endonuclease, exportin-5, dicer ribonuclease III and argonaute-2) involved in miR biogenesis were dysregulated (P < 0.05). Transcriptome and miR-sequencing of gill filament samples at 4 and 8 h were conducted and two downregulated miRs, miR-29b-3p and miR-200b-3p were identified. An inhibition of miR-29b-3p and miR-200b-3p in primary gill cell culture led to an upregulation of 100 and 93 gene transcripts, respectively. Commonly upregulated gene transcripts from the hyperosmotic experiments and miR-inhibition studies, were overlaid, in which two miR-29b-3p target-genes [Krueppel-like factor 4 (klf4), Homeobox protein Meis2] and one miR-200b-3p target-gene (slc17a5) were identified. Integrated miR-mRNA-omics analysis revealed the specific binding of miR-29b-3p on Klf4 and miR-200b-3p on slc17a5. The target-genes are known to regulate differentiation of gill ionocytes and cellular osmolality. Conclusions In this study, we have characterized the hypo-osmoregulatory responses and unraveled the modulation of miR-biogenesis factors/the dysregulation of miRs, using ex-vivo gill filament culture. MicroRNA-messenger RNA interactome analysis of miR-29b-3p and miR-200b-3p revealed the gene targets are essential for osmotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Man Ng
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | - Jeff Cheuk Hin Ho
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | - Wenyan Nong
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | - Jerome Ho Lam Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Guanxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Huan Cheng North 2nd Road 109, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, Hong Kong.
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102
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Tesser ME, de Paula AA, Risso WE, Monteiro RA, do Espirito Santo Pereira A, Fraceto LF, Bueno Dos Reis Martinez C. Sublethal effects of waterborne copper and copper nanoparticles on the freshwater Neotropical teleost Prochilodus lineatus: A comparative approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135332. [PMID: 31806348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles can contaminate the aquatic environment, but their effects on fish and how they may differ from copper salts is not understood. Thus, in this work we compare the sublethal effects of copper nanoparticles (nCu) and copper chloride (Cu) on the freshwater teleost Prochilodus lineatus, known for its sensitivity to copper. Juveniles (n = 8/group) were exposed to 20 μg L-1 of copper as CuCl2 (Cu), 40 μg L-1 of copper nanoparticles (nCu), or only water (control), for 96 h. These concentrations were chosen to achieve similar dissolved copper concentration in both treatments (Cu: 10.29 ± 0.94 μg L-1; nCu: 12.16 ± 1.77 μg L-1). After the exposure, the following biological parameters were evaluated: copper accumulation in the gills, liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and muscle; hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin content (Hb); branchial activity of Na+-K+-ATPase (NaKATP), H+-ATPase (HATP), Ca2+-ATPase (CaATP), and carbonic anhydrase (CA); glutathione content (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver; acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in the brain and muscle; and histopathology of the gills and liver. The gills of Cu-exposed fish were adversely affected, with increased copper content, inhibition of H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, and histological damage, including proliferation of mitochondria rich cells and/or mucous cells. In addition, LPO levels increased in the liver of Cu-exposed fish, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. Exposure to nCu promoted a decrease in Ht and Hb, indicating anemia, and an increase in branchial Na+-K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities, which can be an adaptive response to metabolic acidosis. Within the chosen biomarkers and the conditions tested, copper nanoparticles were less toxic than copper. However, the effects promoted by the nanoparticles were different from those promoted by copper. These results emphasize the need for a better understanding of copper nanoparticles toxicity in order to establish safe concentrations and avoid environment impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Tesser
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Angélica Alves de Paula
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wagner Ezequiel Risso
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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103
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Dawson NJ, Millet C, Selman C, Metcalfe NB. Measurement of mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fish gills. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb216762. [PMID: 31974221 PMCID: PMC7044462 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.216762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Physiological investigations of fish gills have traditionally centred on the two principal functions of the gills: gas exchange and ion regulation. Mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) are primarily found within the gill filaments of fish, and are thought to proliferate in order to increase the ionoregulatory capacity of the gill in response to environmentally induced osmotic challenges. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the metabolic function of mitochondria within fish gills. Here, we describe and validate a simple protocol for the permeabilization of fish gills and subsequent measurement of mitochondrial respiration rates in vitro Our protocol requires only small tissue samples (8 mg), exploits the natural structure of fish gills, does not require mechanical separation of the gill tissue (so is relatively quick to perform), and yields accurate and highly reproducible measurements of respiration rates. It offers great potential for the study of mitochondrial function in gills over a wide range of fish sizes and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal J Dawson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caroline Millet
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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104
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Chew SF, Tan SZL, Ip SCY, Pang CZ, Hiong KC, Ip YK. The Non-ureogenic Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, Actively Excretes Ammonia With the Help of Na +/K +-ATPase When Exposed to Environmental Ammonia. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1615. [PMID: 32038295 PMCID: PMC6987325 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, can tolerate high concentrations of environmental ammonia. Previously, it was regarded as ureogenic, having a functional ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) that could be up-regulated during ammonia-loading. However, contradictory results indicated that increased urea synthesis and switching to ureotelism could not explain its high ammonia tolerance. Hence, we re-examined the effects of exposure to 30 mmol l–1 NH4Cl on its ammonia and urea excretion rates, and its tissue ammonia and urea concentrations. Our results confirmed that H. fossilis did not increase urea excretion or accumulation during 6 days of ammonia exposure, and lacked detectable carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I or III activity in its liver. However, we discovered that it could actively excrete ammonia during exposure to 8 mmol l–1 NH4Cl. As active ammonia excretion is known to involve Na+/K+-ATPase (Nka) indirectly in several ammonia-tolerant fishes, we also cloned various nkaα-subunit isoforms from the gills of H. fossilis, and determined the effects of ammonia exposure on their branchial transcripts levels and protein abundances. Results obtained revealed the presence of five nkaα-subunit isoforms, with nkaα1b having the highest transcript level. Exposure to 30 mmol l–1 NH4Cl led to significant increases in the transcript levels of nkaα1b (on day 6) and nkaα1c1 (on day 1 and 3) as compared with the control. In addition, the protein abundances of Nkaα1c1, Nkaα1c2, and total NKAα increased significantly on day 6. Therefore, the high environmental ammonia tolerance of H. fossilis is attributable partly to its ability to actively excrete ammonia with the aid of Nka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shit F Chew
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephanie Z L Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabrina C Y Ip
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caryn Z Pang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kum C Hiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuen K Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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105
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Lee SY, Lee HJ, Kim YK. Comparative transcriptome profiling of selected osmotic regulatory proteins in the gill during seawater acclimation of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1987. [PMID: 32029805 PMCID: PMC7005315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonid fishes, chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) have the developed adaptive strategy to withstand wide salinity changes from the early life stage. This study investigated gene expression patterns of cell membrane proteins in the gill of chum salmon fry on the transcriptome level by tracking the salinity acclimation of the fish in changing environments ranging from freshwater (0 ppt) to brackish water (17.5 ppt) to seawater (35 ppt). Using GO analysis of DEGs, the known osmoregulatory genes and their functional groups such as ion transport, transmembrane transporter activity and metal ion binding were identified. The expression patterns of membrane protein genes, including pump-mediated protein (NKA, CFTR), carrier-mediated protein (NKCC, NHE3) and channel-mediated protein (AQP) were similar to those of other salmonid fishes in the smolt or adult stages. Based on the protein-protein interaction analysis between transmembrane proteins and other related genes, we identified osmotic-related genes expressed with salinity changes and analyzed their expression patterns. The findings of this study may facilitate the disentangling of the genetic basis of chum salmon and better able an understanding of the osmophysiology of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Lee
- The East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Yi Kyung Kim
- The East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea.
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106
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Su H, Ma D, Zhu H, Liu Z, Gao F. Transcriptomic response to three osmotic stresses in gills of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus female × O. urolepis hornorum male). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:110. [PMID: 32005144 PMCID: PMC6995152 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osmotic stress is a widespread phenomenon in aquatic animal. The ability to cope with salinity stress and alkaline stress is quite important for the survival of aquatic species under natural conditions. Tilapia is an important commercial euryhaline fish species. What’s more tilapia is a good experimental material for osmotic stress regulation research, but the molecular regulation mechanism underlying different osmotic pressure of tilapia is still unexplored. Results To elucidate the osmoregulation strategy behind its hyper salinity, alkalinity and salinity-alkalinity stress of tilapia, the transcriptomes of gills in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ♀ × O. urolepis hornorum ♂) under salinity stress (S: 25‰), alkalinity stress(A: 4‰) and salinity-alkalinity stress (SA: S: 15‰, A: 4‰) were sequenced using deep-sequencing platform Illumina/HiSeq-2000 and differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified. A total of 1958, 1472 and 1315 upregulated and 1824, 1940 and 1735 downregulated genes (P-value < 0.05) were identified in the salt stress, alkali stress and saline-alkali stress groups, respectively, compared with those in the control group. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were conducted in the significant different expression genes. In all significant DEGs, some of the typical genes involved in osmoregulation, including carbonic anhydrase (CA), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II (CAMK2), aquaporin-1(AQP1), sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (SLC4A4/NBC1), chloride channel 2(CLCN2), sodium/potassium/chloride transporter (SLC12A2 / NKCC1) and other osmoregulation genes were also identified. RNA-seq results were validated with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), the 17 random selected genes showed a consistent direction in both RNA-Seq and qPCR analysis, demonstrated that the results of RNA-seq were reliable. Conclusions The present results would be helpful to elucidate the osmoregulation mechanism of aquatic animals adapting to saline-alkali challenge. This study provides a global overview of gene expression patterns and pathways that related to osmoregulation in hybrid tilapia, and could contribute to a better understanding of the molecular regulation mechanism in different osmotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, No. 1, Xingyu Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, 510380, China.,Shanghai Ocean University, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, No. 1, Xingyu Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, 510380, China
| | - Huaping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, No. 1, Xingyu Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, 510380, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, No. 1, Xingyu Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, 510380, China
| | - Fengying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, No. 1, Xingyu Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City, 510380, China
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107
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Fougere B, Barnes KR, Francis ME, Claus LN, Cozzi RRF, Marshall WS. Focal adhesion kinase and osmotic responses in ionocytes of Fundulus heteroclitus, a euryhaline teleost fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 241:110639. [PMID: 31863842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) anion channels are the regulated exit pathway in Cl- secretion by teleost salt secreting ionocytes of the gill and opercular epithelia of euryhaline teleosts. By confocal light immunocytochemistry using regular and phospho-antibodies directed against conserved sites, we found that killifish CFTR (kfCFTR) and the tyrosine kinase Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) phosphorylated at Y407 (FAKpY407) and FAKpY397 are colocalized at the apical membrane and in subjacent membrane vesicles of ionocytes. Hypotonic shock and the α-2 adrenergic agonist clonidine rapidly and reversibly inhibit Cl- secretion by isolated opercular epithelia, simultaneous with dephosphorylation of FAKpY407 and increased FAKpY397, located in the apical membrane of ionocytes in the opercular epithelium. FAKpY407 is re-phosphorylated at the apical membrane of ionocytes and Cl- secretion rapidly restored by hypertonic shock, detectable at 2 min., maximum at 5 min and still elevated at 30 min. In isolated opercular epithelia, the FAK phosphorylation inhibitor Y15 and p38MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 significantly blunted the recovery of short-circuit current (Isc, equal to Cl- secretion rate) after hypertonic shock. The cSRC inhibitor saracatinib dephosphorylated FAKpY861 seen near tight junctions of pavement cells, and reduced the increase in epithelial resistance normally seen with clonidine inhibition of ion transport, while FAKpY397 was unaffected. The results show rapid osmosensitive responses in teleost fish ionocytes involve phosphorylation of CFTR by FAKpY407, an opposing role for FAKpY397 and a possible role for FAKpY861 in tight junction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breton Fougere
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Katelyn R Barnes
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Magen E Francis
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Lauren N Claus
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Regina R F Cozzi
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - William S Marshall
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada.
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108
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Lin LY, Hung GY, Yeh YH, Chen SW, Horng JL. Acidified water impairs the lateral line system of zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105351. [PMID: 31711007 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acidification of freshwater ecosystems is recognized as a global environmental problem. However, the influence of acidic water on the early stages of freshwater fish is still unclear. This study focused on the sublethal effects of acidic water on the lateral line system of zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to water at different pH values (pH 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10) for 96 (0-96 h post-fertilization (hpf)) and 48 h (48∼96 hpf). The survival rate, body length, and heart rate significantly decreased in pH 4-exposed embryos during the 96-h incubation. The number of lateral-line neuromasts and the size of otic vesicles/otoliths also decreased in pH 4-exposed embryos subjected to 96- and 48-h incubations. The number of neuromasts decreased in pH 5-exposed embryos during the 96-h incubation. Alkaline water (pH 9 and 10) did not influence embryonic development but suppressed the hatching process. The mechanotransducer channel-mediated Ca2+ influx was measured to reveal the function of lateral line hair cells. The Ca2+ influx of hair cells decreased in pH 5-exposed embryos subjected to the 48-h incubation, and both the number and Ca2+ influx of hair cells had decreased in pH 5-exposed embryos after 96 h of incubation. In addition, the number and function of hair cells were suppressed in H+-ATPase- or GCM2-knockdown embryos, which partially lost the ability to secrete acid into the ambient water. In conclusion, this study suggests that lateral line hair cells are sensitive to an acidic environment, and freshwater acidification could be a threat to the early stages of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Giun-Yi Hung
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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109
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Zeng J, Herbert NA, Lu W. Differential Coping Strategies in Response to Salinity Challenge in Olive Flounder. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31780952 PMCID: PMC6852876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine how different fish coping strategies respond to salinity challenge, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with active coping style (AC) and passive coping style (PC) were transferred from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) and their behavior and physiology were analyzed. Different behavioral coping strategies, in terms of escape and feeding tendencies, were confirmed in AC and PC fish without FW exposure. Differences in swimming distance between AC and PC flounder were then assessed after 1 and 2 days of FW transfer. Plasma parameters and branchial gene expression were also determined 2, 5, 8, and 14 days after transfer, with comparisons between AC and PC fish and against a SW-acclimated control group. The results showed that: (1) PC flounder exhibited a significant reduction in swimming activity, while AC flounder significantly increased locomotion 2 days after transfer. (2) The plasma osmolality and plasma ionic (Na+ and Cl−) concentration of FW-acclimated PC flounder declined in a continuous fashion over time but this contrasted against the plasma parameters of AC flounder which fluctuated below the baseline level of a SW-acclimated control group. (3) The expression of NKA-α1 and NHE-3-like mRNA in PC flounder gill increased significantly from 5 days, but the expression of these two genes in AC flounder only increased after 8 days of transfer. (4) There were no remarkable differences observed in Rhcg expressions between AC and PC flounder. This study indicates for the first time that PC flounder adopt a “freeze-passive tolerance” strategy while AC flounder adopt a “flight-active resistance” defense strategy in response to salinity challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Neill A Herbert
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
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110
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Lou F, Gao T, Han Z. Effect of salinity fluctuation on the transcriptome of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1202-1213. [PMID: 31470058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salinity fluctuation may detrimentally affect the composition and biological processes of crustaceans. As a euryhaline crustacean, Oratosquilla oratoria can survive at salinities ranging from 20 psu to 40 psu. Therefore, we designed five salinity gradients (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 psu) and 66.39 Gb clean transcriptome data were obtained after O. oratorias were exposed to each gradient for 24 h. All clean data were spliced into 50,482 unigenes and 17,035 unigenes were annotated in at least one database. Compared with 30 psu, 1010, 851, 1733 and 2188 differentially expressed genes were obtained at 20, 25, 35 and 40 psu, respectively. Results also showed that the osmoregulation of O. oratoria is primarily regulated by lipid and amino acid metabolism, amongst others. No significant up-regulated pathways were enriched at 25 psu and 35 psu, although more significant down-regulated pathways were obtained at 35 psu. Therefore, we assumed that the optimum survival salinity of O. oratoria may range from 25 psu to 35 psu. However, 35 psu may be more suitable for O. oratoria. In addition, 55 unigenes that encode putative inorganic ion exchanges were identified. This study aims to provide fundamental information for understanding the osmoregulation mechanisms of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Lou
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China; Fishery College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
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Shaughnessy CA, McCormick SD. Functional characterization and osmoregulatory role of the Na +-K +-2Cl - cotransporter in the gill of sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 318:R17-R29. [PMID: 31617750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00125.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides molecular and functional characterization of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1/Slc12a2) in the gills of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), the most basal extant vertebrate with an osmoregulatory strategy. We report the full-length peptide sequence for the lamprey Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), which we show groups strongly with and occupies a basal position among other vertebrate NKCC1 sequences. In postmetamorphic juvenile lamprey, nkcc1 mRNA was present in many tissues but was fivefold higher in the gill than any other examined tissue, and NKCC1 protein was only detected in the gill. Gill mRNA and protein abundances of NKCC1 and Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA/Atp1a1) were significantly upregulated (20- to 200-fold) during late metamorphosis in fresh water, coinciding with the development of salinity tolerance, and were upregulated an additional twofold after acclimation to seawater (SW). Immunohistochemistry revealed that NKCC1 in the gill is found in filamental ionocytes coexpressing NKA, which develop during metamorphosis in preparation for SW entry. Lamprey treated with bumetanide, a widely used pharmacological inhibitor of NKCC1, exhibited higher plasma Cl- and osmolality as well as reduced muscle water content after 24 h in SW; there were no effects of bumetanide in freshwater-acclimated lamprey. This work provides the first functional characterization of NKCC1 as a mechanism for branchial salt secretion in lampreys, providing evidence that this mode of Cl- secretion has been present among vertebrates for ~550 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran A Shaughnessy
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- United States.Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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112
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Effect of salinity and temperature on the expression of genes involved in branchial ion transport processes in European sea bass. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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113
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Andreeva AM, Vasiliev AS, Toropygin IY, Garina DV, Lamash N, Filippova A. Involvement of apolipoprotein A in maintaining tissue fluid balance in goldfish Carassius auratus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1717-1730. [PMID: 31227941 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian plasma proteins play a key role in maintaining tissue fluid balance because they are retained within capillaries and thus create colloid osmotic pressure. Likewise, fish plasma contain a considerable concentration oligomeric proteins which likely serve a similar role. To elucidate the functions of these oligomeric proteins, we analyzed blood serum (BS) and interstitial fluid (IF) complexes in goldfish from the wild and under experimental conditions using 2D electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). We detected protein compounds with MWs ranging from 50 to 155 kDa, organized as oligomeric complexes. The protein compounds consisted of apolipoproteins АроА-I and Аро-14 which are homological to mammalian АроА-I and АроА-II, respectively. The 155-kDa and 50-125-kDa oligomer complexes were located very low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) areas on the BS/IF proteomic maps, respectively. The latter resembled mammalian HDL plasma particles by size and contained lipids, so we considered them as HDL particle populations. Investigation of the uniform dissociation/association mechanism for HDL and LDL oligomers in goldfish, from the wild and under critical salinity conditions, showed the "125/110 → 85/60 kDa" reorganization. This was associated with overcoming physiological stress during spawning and under critical salinity conditions. Opposite reorganization "85/60 → 125/110 kDa" was associated with restoration of metabolic processes after stress. The association/dissociation reorganizations promoted equilibration of BS and IF osmolarities in all fish groups. We discuss the connection of these reorganizations with total protein distribution across the capillary wall and salinity, as well as the role of oligomeric apolipoproteins as universal metabolic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla M Andreeva
- Ecological Biochemistry Laboratory, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, House 109, Borok, Nekouzskii Raion, Yaroslavl, Oblast, Russia, 152742.
| | - Alexey S Vasiliev
- Ecological Biochemistry Laboratory, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, House 109, Borok, Nekouzskii Raion, Yaroslavl, Oblast, Russia, 152742
| | - Ilya Yu Toropygin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pogodinskaya Street, House 10, Building 8, Moscow, Russia, 119121
| | - Darina V Garina
- Ecological Biochemistry Laboratory, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, House 109, Borok, Nekouzskii Raion, Yaroslavl, Oblast, Russia, 152742
| | - Nina Lamash
- Ecological Biochemistry Laboratory, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, House 109, Borok, Nekouzskii Raion, Yaroslavl, Oblast, Russia, 152742
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 690041
| | - Alexandra Filippova
- Ecological Biochemistry Laboratory, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, House 109, Borok, Nekouzskii Raion, Yaroslavl, Oblast, Russia, 152742
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114
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Lee CY, Horng JL, Chen PY, Lin LY. Silver nanoparticle exposure impairs ion regulation in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105263. [PMID: 31376794 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to the early stages of fish is still unclear. This study used zebrafish embryos as a model to investigate the toxic effects of AgNPs on ion regulation by skin ionocytes. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to AgNPs for 96 h (4-100 h post-fertilization (hpf)) or 4 h (96-100 hpf). After 96 h of exposure to 5 and 10 mg/L AgNPs, survival rates had decreased to 42% and 0%, respectively; the body length had also significantly decreased at 5 mg/L. Whole-body Na+ and K+ contents significantly decreased at 1 and 3 mg/L, while Ca2+ contents decreased at ≥0.1 mg/L. H+ secretion by the skin significantly decreased at 1 mg/L. The density of skin ionocytes labeled with rhodamine 123 (a mitochondrion marker) decreased by 25% and 55% at 1 and 3 mg/L, respectively; and 54% of ionocytes (at 3 mg/L) were deformed from an oval to a spinous shape. After 4 h of exposure to 1 and 5 mg/L, whole-body Na+ and Ca2+ contents, H+ secretion, and density of ionocytes had also significantly decreased. This study revealed the toxicity of AgNPs to skin ionocytes and ion regulation in the early stages of zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ying Lee
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Use of gene knockout to examine serotonergic control of ion uptake in zebrafish reveals the importance of controlling for genetic background: A cautionary tale. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 238:110558. [PMID: 31446068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater (FW) fishes inhabit dilute environments and must actively absorb ions in order to counteract diffusive salt loss. Neuroendocrine control of ion uptake in FW fishes is an important feature of ion homeostasis and several important neuroendocrine factors have been identified. The role of serotonin (5-HT), however, has received less attention despite several studies pointing to a role for 5-HT in the control of ion balance. Here, we used a gene knockout approach to elucidate the role of 5-HT in regulating Na+ and Ca2+ uptake rates in larval zebrafish. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting step in 5-HT synthesis and we therefore hypothesized that ion uptake rates would be altered in zebrafish larvae carrying knockout mutations in tph genes. We first examined the effect of tph1b knockout (KO) and found that tph1bKO larvae, obtained from Harvard University, had reduced rates of Na+ and Ca2+ uptake compared to wild-type (WT) larvae from our institution (uOttawa WT), lending support to our hypothesis. However, further experiments controlling for differences in genetic background demonstrated that WT larvae from Harvard University (Harvard WT) had lower ion uptake rates than those of uOttawa WT, and that ion uptake rate between Harvard WT and tph1bKO larvae were not significantly different. Therefore, our initial observation that tph1bKO larvae (Harvard source) had reduced ion uptake rates relative to uOttawa WT was a function of genetic background and not of knockout itself. These data provide a cautionary tale of the importance of controlling for genetic background in gene knockout experiments.
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116
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Zafar N, Khan MA. Quantification of dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis based on growth, feed conversion efficiency, mineralization and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1959-1968. [PMID: 31420912 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seven isonitrogenous (400 g/kg crude protein) and isocaloric (17.89 kJ/g gross energy) purified diets (casein-gelatin based) with different concentrations of calcium (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/kg) supplemented with calcium lactate at the levels of 0, 5.4, 10.8, 16.3, 21.8, 27.27 and 32.73 g/kg were prepared and fed for 12 weeks to triplicate groups of Heteropneustes fossilis (7.46 ± 0.03 g) to determine the optimum dietary calcium requirement. Analysed values of calcium in the diets were 2.41, 3.82, 4.56, 5.99, 6.71, 7.40 and 8.19 g/kg, respectively. Absolute weight gain, specific growth rate, protein retention efficiency, protein gain and feed conversion ratio of fish fed diets with increasing levels of dietary calcium improved up to 5.99 g/kg and then levelled off. Whole-body protein, moisture and ash contents improved up to 5.99 g/kg dietary calcium and stabilized thereafter. However, whole-body fat exhibited reverse pattern and decreased with incremental levels of dietary calcium up to 5.99 g/kg. Whole-body and vertebrae mineralization was also significantly affected (p < .05) by the increasing dietary calcium levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity improved significantly (p < .05) up to 6.71 g/kg, and no change was recorded beyond this level. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not influenced (p > .05) by dietary calcium levels. The Ca-P ratio remained static in the whole body, vertebrae and serum. Broken-line regression analysis of data obtained on growth, mineralization and serum ALP activity against increasing levels of dietary calcium reflected the optimum calcium requirement between 5.77-6.81 g/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorin Zafar
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mukhtar A Khan
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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117
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El-Leithy AAA, Hemeda SA, El Naby WSHA, El Nahas AF, Hassan SAH, Awad ST, El-Deeb SI, Helmy ZA. Optimum salinity for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth and mRNA transcripts of ion-regulation, inflammatory, stress- and immune-related genes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1217-1232. [PMID: 31069608 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We aim to study the optimum salinity concentration for Nile tilapia, through the assessment of its growth performance and the expression of its related genes (Gh and Igf-1), as well as its salinity adaptation and immune status through the assessment of the gene expression of ion-regulation genes (Na+/K+-ATPase α-1a and α-1b), stress-related genes (GST, HSP27, and HSP70), inflammatory-related genes (IL1, IL8, CC, and CXC chemokine), and immune-related genes (IgMH TLR7, MHC, and MX) at the osmoregulatory organs (gills, liver, and kidney). Based on the least mortality percentage and the physical appearance of the fish, three salt concentrations (6, 16, and 20 ppt) were chosen following a 6-month preliminary study using serial salt concentrations ranged from 6 to 36 ppt, which were obtained by rearing the fish in gradual elevated pond salinity through daily addition of 0.5 ppt saline water. The fish size was 10.2-12 cm and weight was 25.5-26.15 g. No significant differences in the fish weight gain were observed among the studied groups. The group reared at 16-ppt salt showed better performance than that of 20 ppt, as they have lower morality % and higher expression of ion-regulated gene (Na+/K+-ATPase α1-b), stress-related genes (GST, HSP27, and HSP70) of the gills and also GST, inflammatory-related genes (IL-1β and IL8), and TLR in the liver tissue. Higher expression of kidney-immune-related genes at 20-ppt salt may indicate that higher salinity predispose to fish infection and increased mortality. We concluded that 16-ppt salinity concentration is suitable for rearing O. niloticus as the fish are more adaptive to salinity condition without changes in their growth rate. Also, we indicate the use of immune stimulant feed additive to overcome the immune suppressive effect of hyper-salinity. Additionally, the survival of some fish at higher salinity concentrations (30-34 ppt) increase the chance for selection for salinity resistance in the Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A A El-Leithy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaaban A Hemeda
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walaa S H Abd El Naby
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Seham A H Hassan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Simone T Awad
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa I El-Deeb
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Helmy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Qaitbay, Alexandria, Egypt
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118
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Shrivastava J, Ndugwa M, Caneos W, De Boeck G. Physiological trade-offs, acid-base balance and ion-osmoregulatory plasticity in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles under complex scenarios of salinity variation, ocean acidification and high ammonia challenge. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:54-69. [PMID: 31075620 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this era of global climate change, ocean acidification is becoming a serious threat to the marine ecosystem. Despite this, it remains almost unknown how fish will respond to the co-occurrence of ocean acidification with other conventional environmental perturbations typically salinity fluctuation and high ammonia threat. Therefore, the present work evaluated the interactive effects of elevated pCO2, salinity reduction and high environmental ammonia (HEA) on the ecophysiological performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish were progressively acclimated to seawater (32 ppt), to brackish water (10 ppt) and to hyposaline water (2.5 ppt). Following acclimation to different salinities for at least two weeks, fish were exposed to CO2-induced water acidification representing present-day (control pCO2, 400 μatm, LoCO2) and future (high pCO2, 1000 μatm, HiCO2) sea-surface CO2 level for 3, 7 and 21 days. At the end of each exposure period, fish were challenged with HEA for 6 h (1.18 mM representing 50% of 96 h LC50). Results show that, in response to the individual HiCO2 exposure, fish within each salinity compensated for blood acidosis. Fish subjected to HiCO2 were able to maintain ammonia excretion rate (Jamm) within control levels, suggesting that HiCO2 exposure alone had no impact on Jamm at any of the salinities. For 32 and 10 ppt fish, up-regulated expression of Na+/K+-ATPase was evident in all exposure groups (HEA, HiCO2 and HEA/HiCO2 co-exposed), whereas Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter was up-regulated mainly in HiCO2 group. Plasma glucose and lactate content were augmented in all exposure conditions for all salinity regimes. During HEA and HEA/HiCO2, Jamm was inhibited at different time points for all salinities, which resulted in a significant build-up of ammonia in plasma and muscle. Branchial expressions of Rhesus glycoproteins (Rhcg isoforms and Rhbg) were upregulated in response to HiCO2 as well as HEA at 10 ppt, with a more moderate response in 32 ppt groups. Overall, our findings denote that the adverse effect of single exposures of ocean acidification or HEA is exacerbated when present together, and suggests that fish are more vulnerable to these environmental threats at low salinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Shrivastava
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Moses Ndugwa
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Warren Caneos
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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119
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Yan JJ, Hwang PP. Novel discoveries in acid-base regulation and osmoregulation: A review of selected hormonal actions in zebrafish and medaka. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 277:20-29. [PMID: 30878350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of internal ionic and acid-base homeostasis is critical for survival in all biological systems. Similar to mammals, aquatic fishes have developed sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms to mitigate metabolic or environmental disruptions in ionic and acid-base status of systemic body fluids via hormone-controlled transport of ions or acid equivalents. The present review summarizes newly discovered actions of several hormones in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) that have greatly contributed to our overall understanding of ionic/acid-base regulation. For example, isotocin and cortisol were reported to enhance transport of various ions by stimulating the proliferation and/or differentiation of ionocyte progenitors. Meanwhile, stanniocalcin-1, a well-documented hypocalcemic hormone, was found to suppress ionocyte differentiation and thus downregulate secretion of H+ and uptake of Na+ and Cl-. Estrogen-related receptor and calcitonin gene-related peptide also regulate the differentiation of certain types of ionocytes to either stimulate or suppress H+ secretion and Cl- uptake. On the other hand, endothelin and insulin-like growth factor 1 activate the respective secretion of H+ and Na+/Cl through fast actions. These new findings enhance our understanding of how hormones regulate fish ionic and acid-base regulation while further providing new insights into vertebrate evolution, mammalian endocrinology and human disease-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jiun Yan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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120
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Wang X, Hill D, Tillitt DE, Bhandari RK. Bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol-induced transgenerational differences in expression of osmoregulatory genes in the gill of medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:227-234. [PMID: 31048106 PMCID: PMC6626660 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) exposure can have far reaching health effects in fish, including adult onset transgenerational reproductive abnormalities, anxiety, and cardiac disorders. It is unknown whether these two environmental estrogens can induce transgenerational abnormalities in the gill. The present study examined transgenerational effects of BPA or EE2 exposure on genes that are critical for osmoregulation in fish. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to either BPA (100 μg/L) or EE2 (0.05 μg/L) for the first 7 days of embryonic development and never thereafter for the remainder of that generation (F0) and in subsequent generations of this study (F1, F2, and F3). Expression of osmoregulatory genes (NKAα1a, NKAα1b, NKAα1c, NKAα3a, NKAα3b, NKCC1a, and CFTR) were examined in gills of the first-generation (F0) adults which were directly exposed as embryo and in the fourth-generation adults (F3), which were never exposed to either of these environmental estrogens. Significant alterations in expression of osmoregulatory genes were observed in both F0 and F3 generations. Within the F0 generation, a sex-specific expression pattern was observed with a downregulation of osmoregulatory genes in males and an upregulation of osmoregulatory genes in females. At the F3 generation, this pattern reversed with the majority of the osmoregulatory genes upregulated in males and downregulated in females, suggesting that exposure to BPA and EE2 during embryonic development induced transgenerational impairment in molecular events associated with osmoregulatory functions in subsequent generations. These adverse outcomes may have impacts on physiological functions related to osmoregulation of fish inhabiting contaminated aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegeng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States
| | - Diamond Hill
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Ramji K Bhandari
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States.
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121
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Khursigara AJ, Ackerly KL, Esbaugh AJ. Oil toxicity and implications for environmental tolerance in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:52-61. [PMID: 30878452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its constituent chemicals are common environmental toxicants in aquatic environments worldwide, and have been the subject of intense research for decades. Importantly, aquatic environments are also the sites of numerous other environmental disturbances that can impact the endemic fauna. While there have been a number of attempts to explore the potential additive and synergistic effects of oil exposure and environmental stressors, many of these efforts have focused on the cumulative effects on typical toxicological endpoints (e.g. survival, growth, reproduction and cellular damage). Fewer studies have investigated the impact that oil exposure may have on the ability of exposed animals to tolerate typically encountered environmental stressors, despite the fact that this is an important consideration when placing oil spills in an ecological context. Here we review the available data and highlight potentially understudied areas relating to how oil exposure may impair organismal responses to common environmental stressors in fishes. We focused on four common environmental stressors in aquatic environments - hypoxia, temperature, salinity and acid-base disturbances - while also considering social stress and impacts on the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis. Overall, we believe the evidence supports treating the impacts of oil exposure on environmental tolerance as an independent endpoint of toxicity in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
| | - Kerri L Ackerly
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA
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122
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Verta JP, Jones FC. Predominance of cis-regulatory changes in parallel expression divergence of sticklebacks. eLife 2019; 8:e43785. [PMID: 31090544 PMCID: PMC6550882 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is thought to play a major role in adaptation, but the relative importance of cis- and trans- regulatory mechanisms in the early stages of adaptive divergence is unclear. Using RNAseq of threespine stickleback fish gill tissue from four independent marine-freshwater ecotype pairs and their F1 hybrids, we show that cis-acting (allele-specific) regulation consistently predominates gene expression divergence. Genes showing parallel marine-freshwater expression divergence are found near to adaptive genomic regions, show signatures of natural selection around their transcription start sites and are enriched for cis-regulatory control. For genes with parallel increased expression among freshwater fish, the quantitative degree of cis- and trans-regulation is also highly correlated across populations, suggesting a shared genetic basis. Compared to other forms of regulation, cis-regulation tends to show greater additivity and stability across different genetic and environmental contexts, making it a fertile substrate for the early stages of adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka-Pekka Verta
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck SocietyMax-Planck-RingTübingenGermany
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Felicity C Jones
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck SocietyMax-Planck-RingTübingenGermany
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Hung GY, Wu CL, Chou YL, Chien CT, Horng JL, Lin LY. Cisplatin exposure impairs ionocytes and hair cells in the skin of zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 209:168-177. [PMID: 30784778 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the sublethal effects of a platinum-based compound, cisplatin, using a zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos were incubated in different concentrations of cisplatin at 0-96 h post-fertilization. Using a non-invasive, scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET), we measured the functions of hair cells (Ca2+ influx) and ionocytes ([H+] gradients). The survival rate, hatching rate, phenotype, body length, whole-body ion (Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+) and Pt contents were also determined. The effects of cisplatin on zebrafish embryos were demonstrated as first impairing hair cell function (at 1 μM of cisplatin), the hair cell number, and body ion content of Cl- (at 10 μM of cisplatin), then decreasing ionocyte acid secretion and overall body ion contents of Na+ and Ca2+ (at 50 μM of cisplatin). The body length and ionocyte density decreased at 100 μM of cisplatin, and survival decreased at 500 μM of cisplatin. As the cisplatin concentration increased, the accumulation of Pt in fish embryos also increased. These results revealed that hair cells are significantly more susceptible to cisplatin toxicity than ionocytes. By determining the lowest observed effective concentration of cisplatin that caused in vivo functional alterations of zebrafish hair cells and skin ionocytes, this model demonstrated 500-fold greater sensitivity than by detecting changes in survival, for early assessment of the effects of platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giun-Yi Hung
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ciao-Ling Wu
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Lin Horng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11042, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yih Lin
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
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124
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Ion uptake pathways in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Gene 2019; 692:126-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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125
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Williams M, Barranca D, Bucking C. Zonation of Ca 2+ transport and enzyme activity in the caeca of rainbow trout - a simple structure with complex functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.187484. [PMID: 30765468 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.187484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Trout caeca are vermiform structures projecting from the anterior intestine of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite their simple gross morphology, these appendages are physically distinct along the anterior-posterior axis, and ultrastructural evidence suggests zonation of function within the structures. Individual caeca from three sections (anterior, middle and posterior) were removed from the intestine of freshwater rainbow trout and investigated for ion transport and enzyme activity. Ca2+ absorption appeared as a combination of active and passive movement, with Michaelis-Menten kinetics observable under symmetrical conditions, and was inhibited by several pharmacological agents (ouabain, La3+ and a calmodulin antagonist). There was a decrease in ion transport function from adjacent to the intestine (proximal) to the distal tip of each caecum, along with decreasing transport from anterior to posterior for the proximal portion alone. Feeding increased the J Max and K M for Ca2+ absorption within all sections, whereas ion-poor water (IPW) exposure further increased the J Max and K M for Ca2+ transport in the anterior and middle sections. Increased Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and citrate synthase (CS) activity rates paralleled trends seen in Ca2+ transport. Feeding in freshwater and IPW exposure increased the glycolytic capacity of the caeca via increased pyruvate kinase (PK) and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, while amino acid metabolism increased with IPW exposure through increased glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity. Overall, feeding and IPW exposure each altered ionoregulation within the caeca of freshwater rainbow trout in a zone-specific pattern, with the anterior and proximal portions of the caeca being most affected. Increased carbohydrate and protein metabolism fueled the increased ATP demand of NKA through CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Williams
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Domenico Barranca
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Carol Bucking
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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126
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Subramaniam M, Weber LP, Loewen ME. Intestinal electrogenic sodium-dependent glucose absorption in tilapia and trout reveal species differences in SLC5A-associated kinetic segmental segregation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R222-R234. [PMID: 30601703 PMCID: PMC6459381 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00304.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrogenic sodium-dependent glucose transport along the length of the intestine was compared between the omnivorous Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) and the carnivorous rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Ussing chambers. In tilapia, a high-affinity, high-capacity kinetic system accounted for the transport throughout the proximal intestine, midintestine, and hindgut segments. Similar dapagliflozin and phloridzin dihydrate inhibition across all segments support this homogenous high-affinity, high-capacity system throughout the tilapia intestine. Genomic and gene expression analysis supported findings by identifying 10 of the known 12 SLC5A family members, with homogeneous expression throughout the segments with dominant expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1; SLC5A1) and sodium-myoinositol cotransporter 2 (SMIT2; SLC5A11). In contrast, trout's electrogenic sodium-dependent glucose absorption was 20-35 times lower and segregated into three significantly different kinetic systems found in different anatomical segments: a high-affinity, low-capacity system in the pyloric ceca; a super-high-affinity, low-capacity system in the midgut; and a low-affinity, low-capacity system in the hindgut. Genomic and gene expression analysis found 5 of the known 12 SLC5A family members with dominant expression of SGLT1 ( SLC5A1), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2; SLC5A2), and SMIT2 ( SLC5A11) in the pyloric ceca, and only SGLT1 ( SLC5A1) in the midgut, accounting for differences in kinetics between the two. The hindgut presented a low-affinity, low-capacity system partially attributed to a decrease in SGLT1 ( SLC5A1). Overall, the omnivorous tilapia had a higher electrogenic glucose absorption than the carnivorous trout, represented with different kinetic systems and a greater expression and number of SLC5A orthologs. Fish differ from mammals, having hindgut electrogenic glucose absorption and segment specific transport kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Subramaniam
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Matthew E Loewen
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan , Canada
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127
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Yang WK, Yang IC, Chuang HJ, Chao TL, Hu YC, Wu WY, Wang YC, Tang CH, Lee TH. Positive correlation of gene expression between branchial FXYD proteins and Na +/K +-ATPase of euryhaline milkfish in response to hypoosmotic challenges. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 231:177-187. [PMID: 30818021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
FXYD proteins are crucial regulators of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), which plays an important role in ion exchange by providing the driving force for other ion-transporting systems in the osmoregulatory organs, including the gills. In milkfish (Chanos chanos), gill NKA has been widely investigated and found to alter its expression (both mRNA and protein) and activity in response to environmental salinity changes. However, the expression and roles of the regulatory proteins of NKA, the FXYD proteins, in milkfish gills upon salinity challenge is not yet clear. Hence, this study illustrated the potential roles of milkfish branchial FXYD proteins in modulating NKA expression via identification and tissue distributions of FXYD proteins, as well as the effects of salinity on expression of gill fxyd and nka mRNA. Six milkfish FXYD proteins (CcFXYD) were identified. In milkfish gill, gill-specific Ccfxyd11 was the predominant member, followed by Ccfxyd9 and Ccfxyd8. Upon hypoosmotic challenges, increases in gill Ccfxyd11, Ccfxyd8, Ccnka α1, and Ccnka β1 mRNA as well as significantly positive correlations were observed. Moreover, after acute salinity changes, expression of gill Ccfxyd11 and Ccnka was found to change with ambient salinity, and significant positive correlations were also exhibited between Ccfxyd11 and Ccnka α1. Overall, these results revealed close relationships between CcFXYD11 and CcNKA α1 in milkfish gills, highlighting the potential roles of CcFXYD11 in osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - I-Chan Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Lih Chao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Chung Hu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Planning and Information Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung 20246, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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128
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Li H, Ren C, Jiang X, Cheng C, Ruan Y, Zhang X, Huang W, Chen T, Hu C. Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): Molecular cloning, transcriptional response to acidity stress, and physiological roles in pH homeostasis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212887. [PMID: 30811482 PMCID: PMC6392280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers are the most common membrane proteins involved in the regulation of intracellular pH that concurrently transport Na+ into the cells and H+ out of the cells. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) from the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was cloned. The LvNHE cDNA is 3167 bp long, contains a 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of 74 bp and a 3’-UTR of 456 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 2637 bp, coding for a protein of 878 amino acids with 11 putative transmembrane domains and a long cytoplasmic tail. LvNHE shows high sequence homology with mud crab NHE at the amino acid level. LvNHE mRNA was detected in the hepatopancreas, gill, eyestalk, skin, heart, intestine, muscle, brain and stomach, with the highest abundance in the intestine. In the shrimp intestinal fragment cultures exposed to gradually declining pH medium (from pH 8.0 to pH 6.4), the LvNHE mRNA expression was significantly stimulated, with the highest response when incubated in pH 7.0 medium for 6 h. To investigate the functional roles of LvNHE in pH regulation at the physiological and cellular levels, the LvNHE mRNA expression was silenced by siRNA knockdown. Upon low-pH challenge, the hemolymph pH was significantly reduced in the LvNHE mRNA knockdown shrimp. In addition, knockdown of LvNHE mRNA reduced the recovery capacity of intracellular pH in intestinal fragment cultures after acidification. Altogether, this study demonstrates the role of NHE in shrimp response to low pH stress and provides new insights into the acid/base homeostasis mechanisms of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuhang Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (TC); (CH)
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (TC); (CH)
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129
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Torrealba D, More-Bayona JA, Wakaruk J, Barreda DR. Innate Immunity Provides Biomarkers of Health for Teleosts Exposed to Nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3074. [PMID: 30687312 PMCID: PMC6335578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the unique properties of nanoparticles have fostered novel applications in various fields such as biology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and others. Unfortunately, their rapid integration into daily life has also led to environmental concerns due to uncontrolled release of nanoparticles into the aquatic environment. Despite increasing awareness of nanoparticle bioaccumulation in the aquatic environment, much remains to be learned about their impact on aquatic organisms and how to best monitor these effects. Herein, we provide the first review of innate immunity as an emerging tool to assess the health of fish following nanoparticle exposure. Fish are widely used as sentinels for aquatic ecosystem pollution and innate immune parameters offer sensitive and reliable tools that can be harnessed for evaluation of contamination events. The most frequent biomarkers highlighted in literature to date include, but are not limited to, parameters associated with leukocyte dynamics, oxidative stress, and cytokine production. Taken together, innate immunity offers finite and sensitive biomarkers for assessment of the impact of nanoparticles on fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Torrealba
- Immunology and Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan A. More-Bayona
- Immunology and Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jeremy Wakaruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Barreda
- Immunology and Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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130
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Lema SC, Carvalho PG, Egelston JN, Kelly JT, McCormick SD. Dynamics of Gene Expression Responses for Ion Transport Proteins and Aquaporins in the Gill of a Euryhaline Pupfish during Freshwater and High-Salinity Acclimation. Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 91:1148-1171. [PMID: 30334669 DOI: 10.1086/700432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pupfishes (genus Cyprinodon) evolved some of the broadest salinity tolerances of teleost fishes, with some taxa surviving in conditions from freshwater to nearly 160 ppt. In this study, we examined transcriptional dynamics of ion transporters and aquaporins in the gill of the desert Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) during rapid salinity change. Pupfish acclimated to 7.5 ppt were exposed to freshwater (0.3 ppt), seawater (35 ppt), or hypersaline (55 ppt) conditions over 4 h and sampled at these salinities over 14 d. Plasma osmolality and Cl- concentration became elevated 8 h after the start of exposure to 35 or 55 ppt but returned to baseline levels after 14 d. Osmolality recovery was paralleled by increased gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and higher relative levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) and Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter-1 (nkcc1). Transcripts encoding one Na+-HCO3- cotransporter-1 isoform (nbce1.1) also increased in the gills at higher salinities, while a second isoform (nbce1.2) increased expression in freshwater. Pupfish in freshwater also had lower osmolality and elevated gill mRNAs for Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-2a (nhe2a) and V-type H+-ATPase within 8 h, followed by increases in Na+/H+ exchanger-3 (nhe3), carbonic anhydrase 2 (ca2), and aquaporin-3 (aqp3) within 1 d. Gill mRNAs for Na+/Cl- cotransporter-2 (ncc2) also were elevated 14 d after exposure to 0.3 ppt. These results offer insights into how coordinated transcriptional responses for ion transporters in the gill facilitate reestablishment of osmotic homeostasis after changes in environmental salinity and provide evidence that the teleost gill expresses two Na+-HCO3- cotransporter-1 isoforms with different roles in freshwater and seawater acclimation.
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131
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Lai JC, Kam YC, Lin HC, Wu CS. Enhanced salt tolerance of euryhaline tadpoles depends on increased Na+, K+-ATPase expression after salinity acclimation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 227:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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132
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Goodale BC, Hampton TH, Ford EN, Jackson CE, Shaw JR, Stanton BA, King BL. Profiling microRNA expression in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) gill and responses to arsenic and hyperosmotic stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:142-153. [PMID: 30476744 PMCID: PMC6298807 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), native to estuarine areas of the Atlantic coast of the United States, has become a valuable ecotoxicological model as a result of its ability to acclimate to rapid environmental changes and adapt to polluted habitats. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved small RNAs that regulate gene expression and play critical roles in stress responses in a variety of organisms. Global miRNA expression in killifish and the potential roles miRNA have in environmental acclimation have yet to be characterized. Accordingly, we profiled miRNA expression in killifish gill for the first time and identified a small group of highly expressed, well-conserved miRNAs as well as 16 novel miRNAs not yet identified in other organisms. Killifish respond to large fluctuations in salinity with rapid changes in gene expression and protein trafficking to maintain osmotic balance, followed by a secondary phase of gene and protein expression changes that enable remodeling of the gills. Arsenic, a major environmental toxicant, was previously shown to inhibit gene expression responses in killifish gill, as well the ability of killifish to acclimate to a rapid increase in salinity. Thus, we examined the individual and combined effects of salinity and arsenic on miRNA expression in killifish gill. Using small RNA sequencing, we identified 270 miRNAs expressed in killifish, and found that miR-135b was differentially expressed in response to arsenic and at 24 h following transfer to salt water. Predicted targets of miR-135b are involved in ion transport, cell motility and migration, GTPase mediated signal transduction and organelle assembly. Consistent with previous studies of these two environmental stressors, we found a significant interaction (i.e., arsenic dependent salinity effect), whereby killifish exposed to arsenic exhibited an opposite response in miR-135b expression at 24 h post hyperosmotic challenge compared to controls. By examining mRNA expression of predicted miRNA targets during salinity acclimation and arsenic exposure, we found that miR-135b targets were significantly more likely to decrease during salinity acclimation than non-targets. Our identification of a significant interaction effect of arsenic and salinity on miR-135b expression supports the hypothesis that arsenic alters upstream regulators of stress response networks, which may adversely affect the killifish response to osmotic stress. The characterization of miRNAs in this ecotoxicological model will be a valuable resource for future studies investigating the role of miRNAs in response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton C Goodale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Emily N Ford
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, United States
| | - Craig E Jackson
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Joseph R Shaw
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Benjamin L King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
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Brauner CJ, Shartau RB, Damsgaard C, Esbaugh AJ, Wilson RW, Grosell M. Acid-base physiology and CO2 homeostasis: Regulation and compensation in response to elevated environmental CO2. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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134
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Zimmer AM, Shir-Mohammadi K, Kwong RWM, Perry SF. Reassessing the contribution of the Na+/H+ exchanger Nhe3b to Na+ uptake in zebrafish (Danio rerio) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. J Exp Biol 2019; 223:jeb.215111. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.215111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater fishes absorb Na+ from their dilute environment using ion-transporting cells. In larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), Na+ uptake is coordinated by (1) Na+/H+-exchanger 3b (Nhe3b) and (2) H+-ATPase-powered electrogenic uptake in H+-ATPase-rich (HR) cells and by (3) Na+-Cl−-cotransporter (Ncc) expressed in NCC cells. The present study aimed to better understand the roles of these 3 proteins in Na+ uptake by larval zebrafish under ‘normal’ (800 µmol/L) and ‘low’ (10 µmol/L) Na+ conditions. We hypothesized that Na+ uptake would be reduced by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) of slc9a3.2 (encoding Nhe3b), particularly in low Na+ where Nhe3b is believed to play a dominant role. Contrary to this hypothesis, Na+ uptake was sustained in nhe3b KO larvae under both Na+ conditions, which led to the exploration of whether compensatory regulation of H+-ATPase or Ncc was responsible for maintaining Na+ uptake in nhe3b KO larvae. mRNA expression of the genes encoding H+-ATPase and Ncc were not altered in nhe3b KO. Moreover, morpholino knockdown of H+-ATPase, which significantly reduced H+ flux by HR cells, did not reduce Na+ uptake in nhe3b KO larvae, nor did rearing larvae in chloride-free conditions, thereby eliminating any driving force for Na+-Cl−-cotransport via Ncc. Finally, simultaneously treating nhe3b KO larvae with H+-ATPase morpholino and chloride-free conditions did not reduce Na+ uptake under normal or low Na+. These findings highlight the flexibility of the Na+ uptake system and demonstrate that Nhe3b is expendable to Na+ uptake in zebrafish and that our understanding of Na+ uptake mechanisms in this species is incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Zimmer
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Steve F. Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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135
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Alteration in branchial NKA and NKCC ion-transporter expression and ionocyte distribution in adult hilsa during up-river migration. J Comp Physiol B 2018; 189:69-80. [PMID: 30483930 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is a clupeid that migrates from the off-shore area through the freshwater river for spawning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) in maintaining ionic homeostasis in hilsa while moving across the salt barriers. Hilsa, migrating through marine and brackish waters, did not show any significant decline in NKA activity, plasma osmolality, and plasma ionic concentration. In contrast, all the parameters declined significantly, after the fish reached in freshwater zone of the river. Immunoblotting with NKA α antibody recognized two bands in gill homogenates. The intensity of the higher molecular NKA band decreased, while the other band subsequently increased accompanying the movement of hilsa from marine water (MW) to freshwater. Nevertheless, total NKA expression in marine water did not change prior to freshwater entry. NKCC expression was down-regulated in gill, parallel with NKA activity, as the fish approached to the freshwater stretch of river. The NKA α-1 and NKCC1 protein abundance decreased in freshwater individuals by 40% and 31%, respectively, compared to MW. NKA and NKCC1 were explicitly localized to branchial ionocytes and immunoreactive signal appeared throughout the cytoplasm except for the nucleus and the most apical region indicates a basolateral/tubular distribution. Immunoreactive ionocytes were distributed on the filaments and lamellae; lamellar ionocytes were more in number irrespective of habitat salinity. The decrease in salinity caused a slight reduction in ionocyte number, but not in size and the underlying distribution pattern did not alter. The overall results support previously proposed models that both the ion transporters are involved in maintaining ionic homeostasis and lamellar ionocytes may have the function in hypo-osmoregulation in migrating hilsa, unlike other anadromous teleosts.
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136
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Wang MC, Lin HC. The Air-Breathing Paradise Fish ( Macropodus opercularis) Differs From Aquatic Breathers in Strategies to Maintain Energy Homeostasis Under Hypoxic and Thermal Stresses. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1645. [PMID: 30524308 PMCID: PMC6262364 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major strategies are used by most fish to maintain energy homeostasis under hypoxia. One is to utilize alternative metabolic pathways to increase energy production, and the other is to limit energy expenditure by suppressing energy-consuming processes, especially ionoregulation. Some anabantoid fishes live in tropical rivers, where hypoxic environments occur frequently. We previously found that under ambient hypoxia, anabantoid fishes do not downregulate Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity to conserve energy in gills but instead increase the frequency of air-breathing respiration (ABR). In addition to the hypoxic condition, another factor that may cause cellular hypoxia in fish is abnormally high environmental temperatures. The frequency of such extreme thermal events has increased due to global climate change. In the present study, we examined whether the anabantoid fish, Macropodus opercularis employs the two strategies mentioned above to resist both ambient hypoxic and elevated thermal (cellular hypoxic) conditions. Results indicate that neither glucose metabolism nor gill NKA activity were altered by hypoxia (DO = 1.5 ± 1 mg/L), but glucose metabolism was increased by thermal stress (34 ± 1°C). NH4 + excretion and ABR frequency were both increased under hypoxia, thermal or hypoxic-and-thermal treatments. In fish that were restricted from breathing air, increased mortality and glucose metabolism were observed under hypoxic or thermal treatments. These results suggest that for M. opercularis, increasing ABR is an important strategy for coping with unmet oxygen demand under hypoxic or thermal stress. This behavioral compensation allows anabantoid fish to physiologically withstand hypoxic and thermal stresses, and constitutes a mechanism of stress resistance that is unavailable to water-breathing fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chen Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Lin
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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137
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Martin KE, Ehrman JM, Wilson JM, Wright PA, Currie S. Skin ionocyte remodeling in the amphibious mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus
). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2018; 331:128-138. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keri E. Martin
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University; Sackville New Brunswick Canada
| | - James M. Ehrman
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University; Sackville New Brunswick Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University; Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Patricia A. Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University; Sackville New Brunswick Canada
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138
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Brennan RS, Healy TM, Bryant HJ, La MV, Schulte PM, Whitehead A. Integrative Population and Physiological Genomics Reveals Mechanisms of Adaptation in Killifish. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:2639-2653. [PMID: 30102365 PMCID: PMC11325861 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive divergence between marine and freshwater (FW) environments is important in generating phyletic diversity within fishes, but the genetic basis of this process remains poorly understood. Genome selection scans can identify adaptive loci, but incomplete knowledge of genotype-phenotype connections makes interpreting their significance difficult. In contrast, association mapping (genome-wide association mapping [GWAS], random forest [RF] analyses) links genotype to phenotype, but offer limited insight into the evolutionary forces shaping variation. Here, we combined GWAS, RF, and selection scans to identify loci important in adaptation to FW environments. We utilized FW-native and brackish water (BW)-native populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) as well as a naturally admixed population between the two. We measured morphology and multiple physiological traits that differ between populations and may contribute to osmotic adaptation (salinity tolerance, hypoxia tolerance, metabolic rate, body shape) and used a reduced representation approach for genome-wide genotyping. Our results show patterns of population divergence in physiological capabilities that are consistent with local adaptation. Population genomic scans between BW-native and FW-native populations identified genomic regions evolving by natural selection, whereas association mapping revealed loci that contribute to variation for each trait. There was substantial overlap in the genomic regions putatively under selection and loci associated with phenotypic traits, particularly for salinity tolerance, suggesting that these regions and genes are important for adaptive divergence between BW and FW environments. Together, these data provide insight into the mechanisms that enable diversification of fishes across osmotic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid S Brennan
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Timothy M Healy
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Heather J Bryant
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Man Van La
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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139
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Malakpour Kolbadinezhad S, Coimbra J, Wilson JM. Effect of dendritic organ ligation on striped eel catfish Plotosus lineatus osmoregulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206206. [PMID: 30352080 PMCID: PMC6198982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unique amongst the teleost, Plotosidae catfish possess a dendritic organ (DO) as a purported salt secreting organ, whereas other marine teleosts rely on their gill ionocytes for active NaCl excretion. To address the role of the DO in ionregulation, ligation experiments were conducted in brackish water (BW) 3‰ and seawater (SW) 34‰ acclimated Plotosus lineatus and compared to sham operated fish. Ligation in SW resulted in an osmoregulatory impairment in blood (elevated ions and hematocrit) and muscle (dehydration). However, SW ligation did not elicit compensatory changes in gill or kidney Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and/or protein expression while a decrease in anterior intestine and increased in posterior intestine were observed but this was not reflected at the protein level. Following ligation in SW, protein levels of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and V-ATPase B subunit (VHAB) were higher in kidney but either lower (CA) or unchanged (VHAB) in other tissues. Taken together, the osmotic disturbance in ligated SW fish indicates the central role of the DO in salt secretion and the absence of a compensatory response from the gill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Malakpour Kolbadinezhad
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Coimbra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
- * E-mail:
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140
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Han TY, Wu CY, Tsai HC, Cheng YP, Chen WF, Lin TC, Wang CY, Lee JR, Hwang PP, Lu FI. Comparison of Calcium Balancing Strategies During Hypothermic Acclimation of Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) and Goldfish ( Carassius auratus). Front Physiol 2018; 9:1224. [PMID: 30233401 PMCID: PMC6129941 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The body temperatures of teleost species fluctuate following changes in the aquatic environment. As such, decreased water temperature lowers the rates of biochemical reactions and affects many physiological processes, including active transport-dependent ion absorption. Previous studies have focused on the impacts of low temperature on the plasma ion concentrations or membrane transporters in fishes. However, very few in vivo or organism-level studies have been performed to more thoroughly elucidate the process of acclimation to low temperatures. In the present study, we compared the strategies for cold acclimation between stenothermic tilapia and eurythermic goldfish. Whole-body calcium content was more prominently diminished in tilapia than in goldfish after long-term cold exposure. This difference can be attributed to alterations in the transportation parameters for Ca2+ influx, i.e., maximum velocity (Vmax) and binding affinity (1/Km). There was also a significant difference in the regulation of Ca2+ efflux between the two fishes. Transcript levels for Ca2+ related transporters, including the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and epithelial Ca2+ channel, were similarly regulated in both fishes. However, upregulation of plasma membrane Ca2+ATPase expression was more pronounced in goldfish than in tilapia. In addition, enhanced Na+/K+-ATPase abundance, which provides the major driving force for ion absorption, was only detected in tilapia, while upregulated Na+/K+-ATPase activity was only detected in goldfish. Based on the results of the present study, we have found that goldfish and tilapia differentially regulate gill epithelial plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) expression and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in response to cold environments. These regulatory differences are potentially linked to more effective regulation of Ca2+ influx kinetics and better maintenance of whole body calcium content in goldfish than in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Han
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chuan Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pei Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jay-Ron Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pung-Pung Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-I Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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141
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Inatani Y, Ineno T, Sone S, Matsumoto N, Uchida K, Shimizu M. Assessment of the timing and degree of smolt development in southern populations of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:490-500. [PMID: 29931678 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed whether non-anadromous masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in Miyazaki, southern Japan, smoltify, and if so, at what time of the year. Yearling O. masou of Miyazaki and an anadromous population from Hokkaido, northern Japan, were reared in hatcheries in their respective regions and sampled monthly from February to June to examine the spring smoltification period. The Hokkaido population showed a peak of gill Na+ -K+ -ATPase (NKA) activity in May, which was accompanied with an increase in mRNA levels of the seawater (SW)-type NKA alpha subunit, nkaα1b. Increases in gill NKA activity and nkaa1b levels were not seen in Miyazaki populations. Transferring yearling Miyazaki population to 70% SW (salinity of 23) in mid-April resulted in an increased serum osmolality over 4 days. These results suggest that they do not smoltify in their second spring. Next, profiles of gill NKA activity and its subunit mRNA levels in under-yearling Miyazaki population in the autumn were examined. Two phenotypes differing in body color during this period were categorized as parr and smolt-like fish. Smolt-like fish had higher gill NKA activity than parr in December while there was no significant difference in gill nkaα1b levels. Smolt-like fish acclimated to 70% SW better than parr as judged by lower serum osmolality. However, serum osmolality in smolt-like fish did not return to the basal level 7 days after transfer to 70% SW, suggesting that their hypo-osmoregulatory ability was not fully developed to a level comparable to anadromous populations of this species. The present study suggests that, if O. masou in Miyazaki go though a smoltification process, it occurs in its first autumn instead of the second spring and is less pronounced compared with anadromous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Inatani
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Toshinao Ineno
- Kobayashi Branch, Miyazaki Prefectural Fisheries Research Institute, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shiori Sone
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Munetaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
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142
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Katayama Y, Sakamoto T, Takanami K, Takei Y. The Amphibious Mudskipper: A Unique Model Bridging the Gap of Central Actions of Osmoregulatory Hormones Between Terrestrial and Aquatic Vertebrates. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1112. [PMID: 30154735 PMCID: PMC6102947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluid regulation, or osmoregulation, continues to be a major topic in comparative physiology, and teleost fishes have been the subject of intensive research. Great progress has been made in understanding the osmoregulatory mechanisms including drinking behavior in teleosts and mammals. Mudskipper gobies can bridge the gap from aquatic to terrestrial habitats by their amphibious behavior, but the studies are yet emerging. In this review, we introduce this unique teleost as a model to study osmoregulatory behaviors, particularly amphibious behaviors regulated by the central action of hormones. Regarding drinking behavior of mammals, a thirst sensation is aroused by angiotensin II (Ang II) through direct actions on the forebrain circumventricular structures, which predominantly motivates them to search for water and take it into the mouth for drinking. By contrast, aquatic teleosts can drink water that is constantly present in their mouth only by reflex swallowing, and Ang II induces swallowing by acting on the hindbrain circumventricular organ without inducing thirst. In mudskippers, however, through the loss of buccal water by swallowing, which appears to induce buccal drying on land, Ang II motivates these fishes to move to water for drinking. Thus, mudskippers revealed a unique thirst regulation by sensory detection in the buccal cavity. In addition, the neurohypophysial hormones, isotocin (IT) and vasotocin (VT), promote migration to water via IT receptors in mudskippers. VT is also dipsogenic and the neurons in the forebrain may mediate their thirst. VT regulates social behaviors as well as osmoregulation. The VT-induced migration appears to be a submissive response of subordinate mudskippers to escape from competitive and dehydrating land. Together with implications of VT in aggression, mudskippers may bridge the multiple functions of neurohypophysial hormones. Interestingly, cortisol, an important hormone for seawater adaptation and stress response in teleosts, also stimulates the migration toward water, mediated possibly via the mineralocorticoid receptor. The corticosteroid system that is responsive to external stressors can accelerate emergence of migration to alternative habitats. In this review, we suggest this unique teleost as an important model to deepen insights into the behavioral roles of these hormones in relation to osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Katayama
- Physiology Section, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan
| | - Keiko Takanami
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Japan.,Mouse Genomics Resource Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takei
- Physiology Section, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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143
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do Carmo TLL, Azevedo VC, de Siqueira PR, Galvão TD, Dos Santos FA, Dos Reis Martinez CB, Appoloni CR, Fernandes MN. Reactive oxygen species and other biochemical and morphological biomarkers in the gills and kidneys of the Neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus, exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22963-22976. [PMID: 29858996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), on the gills and kidneys of Neotropical freshwater fish, Prochilodus lineatus, with emphasis on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant responses, and morphological changes. Fish were exposed to 1, 5, 10, and 50 mg L-1 nominal TiO2-NPs suspended into water for 2 or 14 days. In gills, ROS decreased and glutathione (GSH) increased after 2 days, while ROS and GSH increased and superoxide dismutase activity decreased after 14 days. In kidneys, GSH and lipoperoxidation increased after 2 days and catalase activity decreased after 14 days. Common histopathologies in gills were epithelium hyperplasia, cellular hypertrophy, proliferation of mitochondria-rich cells (MRC), and lamellar stasis; in kidneys, there were cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, focal tubule degeneration, necrosis, and melanomacrophage (MM) proliferation. Although environmentally unlikely, high-dose exposures clarified biological effects of TiO2-NPs, such as ROS formation and MRC responses in the gills, which may impair ionic balance. It was also found that MM are likely responsible for eliminating NPs in the kidney. These findings will help to regulate TiO2-NP disposal, but longer-term studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Laurie Lustosa do Carmo
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cavicchioli Azevedo
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rodrigues de Siqueira
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Tiago Dutra Galvão
- Physics Department, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid | Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, PR, 86055-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Aparecido Dos Santos
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-970, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Physiological Sciences Department, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid | Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, PR, 86055-990, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Appoloni
- Physics Department, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid | Pr 445 Km 380, Londrina, PR, 86055-900, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Chen XL, Lui EY, Ip YK, Lam SH. RNA sequencing, de novo assembly and differential analysis of the gill transcriptome of freshwater climbing perch Anabas testudineus after 6 days of seawater exposure. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:215-228. [PMID: 29931780 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To obtain transcriptomic insights into branchial responses to salinity challenge in Anabas testudineus, this study employed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to analyse the gill transcriptome of A. testudineus exposed to seawater (SW) for 6 days compared with the freshwater (FW) control group. A combined FW and SW gill transcriptome was de novo assembled from 169.9 million 101 bp paired-end reads. In silico validation employing 17 A. testudineus Sanger full-length coding sequences showed that 15/17 of them had greater than 80% of their sequences aligned to the de novo assembled contigs where 5/17 had their full-length (100%) aligned and 9/17 had greater than 90% of their sequences aligned. The combined FW and SW gill transcriptome was mapped to 13,780 unique human identifiers at E-value ≤1.0E-20 while 952 and 886 identifiers were determined as up and down-regulated by 1.5 fold, respectively, in the gills of A. testudineus in SW when compared with FW. These genes were found to be associated with at least 23 biological processes. A larger proportion of genes encoding enzymes and transporters associated with molecular transport, energy production, metabolisms were up-regulated, while a larger proportion of genes encoding transmembrane receptors, G-protein coupled receptors, kinases and transcription regulators associated with cell cycle, growth, development, signalling, morphology and gene expression were relatively lower in the gills of A. testudineus in SW when compared with FW. High correlation (R = 0.99) was observed between RNA-Seq data and real-time quantitative PCR validation for 13 selected genes. The transcriptomic sequence information will facilitate development of molecular resources and tools while the findings will provide insights for future studies into branchial iono-osmoregulation and related cellular processes in A. testudineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu L Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eei Y Lui
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuen K Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew H Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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145
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Analyses of the molecular mechanisms associated with salinity adaption of Trachidermus fasciatus through combined iTRAQ-based proteomics and RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 136:40-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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146
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Yang WK, Hsu AD, Kang CK, Lai IP, Liao PS, Lee TH. Intestinal FXYD12 and sodium-potassium ATPase: A comparative study on two euryhaline medakas in response to salinity changes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201252. [PMID: 30052675 PMCID: PMC6063443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FXYD proteins are the regulators of sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase, NKA). In teleosts, NKA is a primary driving force for the operation of many ion transport systems in the osmoregulatory organs (e.g. intestines). Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the expression of FXYD proteins and NKA α-subunit in the intestines of two closely related medakas (Oryzias dancena and O. latipes), which came from different salinity habitats and have diverse osmoregulatory capabilities, to illustrate the association between NKA and FXYD proteins of two medaka species in response to salinity changes. The results showed that the fxyd12 mRNA was the most predominant in the intestines of both medakas. The association of FXYD12 and NKA in the intestines of the two medaka species was demonstrated via double immunofluorescent staining and co-immunoprecipitation. Upon salinity challenge, the localization of FXYD12 and NKA was similar in the intestines of the two medaka species. However, the expression profiles of intestinal FXYD12 and NKA (mRNA and protein levels), as well as NKA activity differed between the medakas. These results showed that FXYD12 may play a role in modulating NKA activity in the intestines of the two medakas following salinity changes in the maintenance of internal homeostasis. These findings contributed to knowledge of the expression and potential role of vertebrate FXYD12, the regulators of NKA, upon salinity challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Di Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Kang
- Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ivan Pochou Lai
- National Taichung First Senior High School, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shao Liao
- National Taichung First Senior High School, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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147
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Myosho T, Takahashi H, Yoshida K, Sato T, Hamaguchi S, Sakamoto T, Sakaizumi M. Hyperosmotic tolerance of adult fish and early embryos are determined by discrete, single loci in the genus Oryzias. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6897. [PMID: 29720646 PMCID: PMC5932013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of environmental osmolality tolerance traits in individuals and gametes is an important event in the evolution and diversification of organisms. Although teleost fish exhibit considerable intra- and interspecific variation in salinity tolerance, the genetic mechanisms underlying this trait remain unclear. Oryzias celebensis survives in sea and fresh water during both the embryonic and adult stages, whereas its close relative Oryzias woworae cannot survive in sea water at either stage. A linkage analysis using backcross progeny identified a single locus responsible for adult hyperosmotic tolerance on a fused chromosome that corresponds to O. latipes linkage groups (LGs) 6 and 23. Conversely, O. woworae eggs fertilised with O. celebensis sperm died in sea water at the cleavage stages, whereas O. celebensis eggs fertilised with O. woworae sperm developed normally, demonstrating that maternal factor(s) from O. celebensis are responsible for hyperosmotic tolerance during early development. A further linkage analysis using backcrossed females revealed a discrete single locus relating to the maternal hyperosmotic tolerance factor in a fused chromosomal region homologous to O. latipes LGs 17 and 19. These results indicate that a maternal factor governs embryonic hyperosmotic tolerance and maps to a locus distinct from that associated with adult hyperosmotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijun Myosho
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan. .,Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Hideya Takahashi
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.,Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Kento Yoshida
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sato
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sakaizumi
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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148
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Lewis L, Kwong RWM. Zebrafish as a Model System for Investigating the Compensatory Regulation of Ionic Balance during Metabolic Acidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1087. [PMID: 29621145 PMCID: PMC5979485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become an important model for integrative physiological research. Zebrafish inhabit a hypo-osmotic environment; to maintain ionic and acid-base homeostasis, they must actively take up ions and secrete acid to the water. The gills in the adult and the skin at larval stage are the primary sites of ionic regulation in zebrafish. The uptake of ions in zebrafish is mediated by specific ion transporting cells termed ionocytes. Similarly, in mammals, ion reabsorption and acid excretion occur in specific cell types in the terminal region of the renal tubules (distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct). Previous studies have suggested that functional regulation of several ion transporters/channels in the zebrafish ionocytes resembles that in the mammalian renal cells. Additionally, several mechanisms involved in regulating the epithelial ion transport during metabolic acidosis are found to be similar between zebrafish and mammals. In this article, we systemically review the similarities and differences in ionic regulation between zebrafish and mammals during metabolic acidosis. We summarize the available information on the regulation of epithelial ion transporters during acidosis, with a focus on epithelial Na⁺, Cl- and Ca2+ transporters in zebrafish ionocytes and mammalian renal cells. We also discuss the neuroendocrine responses to acid exposure, and their potential role in ionic compensation. Finally, we identify several knowledge gaps that would benefit from further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lletta Lewis
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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149
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Tsai JW, Liew HJ, Jhang JJ, Hung SH, Meng PJ, Leu MY, Lim C, Tang CH. A field and laboratory study of the responses of cytoprotection and osmoregulation to salinity stress in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:489-502. [PMID: 29192359 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) naturally inhabits freshwater (FW; 1-3‰) and seawater (SW; 28-33‰) ponds in constructed wetland. To explore the physiological status and molecular mechanisms for salinity adaptation of the mosquitofish, cytoprotective responses and osmoregulation were examined. In the field study, activation of protein quality control (PQC) mechanism through upregulation of the abundance of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 and 70 and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins was found in the mosquitofish gills from SW pond compared to the individuals of FW pond. The levels of aggregated proteins in mosquitofish gills had no significant difference between FW and SW ponds. Furthermore, the osmoregulatory responses revealed that the body fluid osmolality and muscle water contents of the mosquitofish from two ponds were maintained within a physiological range while branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) expression was higher in the individuals from SW than FW ponds. Subsequently, to further clarify whether the cellular stress responses and osmoregulation were mainly induced by hypertonicity, a laboratory salinity acclimation experiment was conducted. The results from the laboratory experiment were similar to the field study. Branchial PQC as well as NKA responses were induced by SW acclimation compared to FW-acclimated individuals. Taken together, induction of gill PQC and NKA responses implied that SW represents an osmotic stress for mosquitofish. Activation of PQC was suggested to provide an osmoprotection to prevent the accumulation of aggregated proteins. Moreover, an increase in branchial NKA responses for osmoregulatory adjustment was required for the physiological homeostasis of body fluid osmolality and muscle water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Jung Liew
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jyun-Jiang Jhang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Han Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jie Meng
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng Township, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng Township, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yih Leu
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng Township, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng Township, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Lim
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cheng-Hao Tang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National SunYat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
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150
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Silveira TLR, Martins GB, Domingues WB, Remião MH, Barreto BF, Lessa IM, Santos L, Pinhal D, Dellagostin OA, Seixas FK, Collares T, Robaldo RB, Campos VF. Gene and Blood Analysis Reveal That Transfer from Brackish Water to Freshwater Is More Stressful to the Silverside Odontesthes humensis. Front Genet 2018; 9:28. [PMID: 29541090 PMCID: PMC5836595 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silversides are fish that inhabit marine coastal waters, coastal lagoons, and estuarine regions in southern South America. The freshwater (FW) silversides have the ability to tolerate salinity variations. Odontesthes humensis have similar habitats and biological characteristics of congeneric O. bonariensis, the most studied silverside species and with great economic importance. Studies revealed that O. bonariensis is not fully adapted to FW, despite inhabiting hyposmotic environments in nature. However, there is little information about stressful environments for cultivation of silverside O. humensis. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stress and osmoregulation responses triggered by the osmotic transfers on silverside O. humensis. Silversides were acclimated to FW (0 ppt) and to brackish water (BW, 10 ppt) and then they were exposed to opposite salinity treatment. Silverside gills and blood were sampled on pre-transfer (D0) and 1, 7, and 15 days (D1, D7, and D15) after changes in environmental salinity, the expression levels of genes atp1a3a, slc12a2b, kcnh1, and hspa1a were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR for evaluation of osmoregulatory and stress responses. Furthermore, glycemia, hematocrit, and osmolality were also evaluated. The expression of atp1a3a was up- and down-regulated at D1 after the FW-BW and BW-FW transfers, respectively. Slc12a2b was up-regulated after FW-BW transfer. Similarly, kcnh1 and hspa1a were up-regulated at D1 after the BW-FW transfer. O. humensis blood osmolality decreased after the exposure to FW. It remained stable after exposure to BW, indicating an efficient hyposmoregulation. The glycemia had a peak at D1 after BW-FW transfer. No changes were observed in hematocrit. The return to the pre-transfer levels at D7 after the significant increases in responses of almost all evaluated molecular and blood parameters indicated that this period is enough for acclimation to the experimental conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest that BW-FW transfer is more stressful to O. humensis than FW-BW transfer and the physiology of O. humensis is only partially adapted to FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. R. Silveira
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B. Martins
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - William B. Domingues
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mariana H. Remião
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bruna F. Barreto
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ingrid M. Lessa
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Danillo Pinhal
- Genomics and Molecular Evolution Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Odir A. Dellagostin
- Laboratory of Vaccinology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K. Seixas
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Robaldo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F. Campos
- Laboratory of Structural Genomics, Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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