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Keller RM, Beaver LM, Reardon PN, Prater MC, Truong L, Robinson MM, Tanguay RL, Stevens JF, Hord NG. Nitrate-induced improvements in exercise performance are coincident with exuberant changes in metabolic genes and the metabolome in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:142-157. [PMID: 34043471 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00185.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise performance by reducing the oxygen cost of exercise and enhancing skeletal muscle function. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in skeletal muscle energy metabolism associated with exercise performance in a zebrafish model. Fish were exposed to sodium nitrate (60.7 mg/L, 303.5 mg/L, 606.9 mg/L), or control water, for 21 days and analyzed at intervals (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 cm/s) during a 2-h strenuous exercise test. We measured oxygen consumption during an exercise test and assessed muscle nitrate concentrations, gene expression, and the muscle metabolome before, during, and after exercise. Nitrate exposure reduced the oxygen cost of exercise and increased muscle nitrate concentrations at rest, which were reduced with increasing exercise duration. In skeletal muscle, nitrate treatment upregulated expression of genes central to nutrient sensing (mtor), redox signaling (nrf2a), and muscle differentiation (sox6). In rested muscle, nitrate treatment increased phosphocreatine (P = 0.002), creatine (P = 0.0005), ATP (P = 0.0008), ADP (P = 0.002), and AMP (P = 0.004) compared with rested-control muscle. Following the highest swimming speed, concentration of phosphocreatine (P = 8.0 × 10-5), creatine (P = 6.0 × 10-7), ATP (P = 2.0 × 10-6), ADP (P = 0.0002), and AMP (P = 0.004) decreased compared with rested nitrate muscle. Our data suggest nitrate exposure in zebrafish lowers the oxygen cost of exercise by changing the metabolic programming of muscle prior to exercise and increasing availability of energy-rich metabolites required for exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that skeletal muscle nitrate concentration is higher with supplementation at rest and was lower in groups with increasing exercise duration in a zebrafish model. The higher availability of nitrate at rest is associated with upregulation of key nutrient-sensing genes and greater availability of energy-producing metabolites (i.e., ATP, phosphocreatine, glycolytic intermediates). Overall, nitrate supplementation may lower oxygen cost of exercise through improved fuel availability resulting from metabolic programming of muscle prior to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Keller
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Patrick N Reardon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Mary C Prater
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lisa Truong
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Norman G Hord
- OU Health, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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102
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Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:350-358. [PMID: 34010809 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Citrulline malate (CitMal) is a dietary supplement that is suggested to enhance strength training performance. However, there is conflicting evidence on this matter. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether supplementing with CitMal prior to strength training could increase the total number of repetitions performed before reaching voluntary muscular failure. A systematic search was conducted wherein the inclusion criteria were double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in healthy participants that examined the effect of CitMal on repetitions to failure during upper body and lower body resistance exercises. The Hedges's g standardized mean differences (SMD) between the placebo and CitMal trials were calculated and used in a random effect model. Two separate subanalyses were performed for upper body and lower body exercises. Eight studies, including 137 participants who consisted of strength-trained men (n = 101) and women (n = 26) in addition to untrained men (n = 9), fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Across the studies, 14 single-joint and multijoint exercises were performed with an average of 51 ± 23 total repetitions during 5 ± 3 sets per exercise at ∼70% of one-repetition maximum. Supplementing with 6-8 g of CitMal 40-60 min before exercise increased repetitions by 3 ± 5 (6.4 ± 7.9%) compared with placebo (p = .022) with a small SMD (0.196). The subanalysis for the lower body resulted in a tendency for an effect of the supplement (8.1 ± 8.4%, SMD: 0.27, p = .051) with no significant effect for the upper body (5.7 ± 8.4%, SMD: 0.16, p = .131). The current analysis observed a small ergogenic effect of CitMal compared with placebo. Acute CitMal supplementation may, therefore, delay fatigue and enhance muscle endurance during high-intensity strength training.
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Dudley RWR, Comtois AS, St-Pierre DH, Danialou G. Early administration of L-arginine in mdx neonatal mice delays the onset of muscular dystrophy in tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:639-651. [PMID: 34377959 PMCID: PMC8332474 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder that results in the absence of dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein. Individuals with this disease experience progressive muscle destruction, which leads to muscle weakness. Studies have been conducted to find solutions for the relief of individuals with this disease, several of which have shown that utrophin, a protein closely related to dystrophin, when overexpressed in mdx neonatal mice (the murine model of DMD), is able to prevent the progressive muscle destruction observed in the absence of dystrophin. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that L‐arginine induces utrophin upregulation in adult mdx mice. We hypothesized that L‐arginine treatment also induces utrophin upregulation to prevent the development of muscle weakness in neonatal mdx mice. Hence, L‐arginine should also prevent progressive muscle destruction via utrophin upregulation in mdx neonatal mice. Mdx neonatal mice were injected intraperitoneally daily with 800 mg/kg of L‐arginine for 6 weeks, whereas control mice were injected with a physiological saline. The following experiments were performed on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle: muscle contractility and resistance to mechanical stress; central nucleation and peripheral nucleation, utrophin, and creatine kinase quantification as well as a nitric oxide (NO) assay. Our findings show that early administration of L‐arginine in mdx neonatal mice prevents the destruction of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. However, this improvement was related to nitric oxide (NO) production rather than the expected utrophin upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy W R Dudley
- Meakins Christie Laboratories McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Alain S Comtois
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM Montreal QC Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée UQAM Montreal QC Canada
| | - David H St-Pierre
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM Montreal QC Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée UQAM Montreal QC Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine Montréal QC Canada
| | - Gawiyou Danialou
- Meakins Christie Laboratories McGill University Montreal QC Canada.,Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM Montreal QC Canada.,Royal Military College Saint-Jean Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu QC Canada
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104
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Arazi H, Eghbali E. Possible Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Physical Performance Through Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Antioxidant Mechanisms: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Front Nutr 2021; 8:660150. [PMID: 34055855 PMCID: PMC8155490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.660150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes often seek to use dietary supplements to increase performance during exercise. Among various supplements, much attention has been paid to beetroot in recent years. Beetroot is a source of carbohydrates, fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins; also, it is a natural source of nitrate and associated with improved sports performance. Nitrates can the modification of skeletal muscle contractile proteins or calcium handling after translation. The time to reach the peak plasma nitrate is between 1 and 3 h after consumption of a single dose of nitrate. Nitrate is metabolized by conversion to nitrite and subsequently nitric oxide. Beetroot can have various effects on athletic performance through nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is an intracellular and extracellular messenger for regulating certain cellular functions and causes vasodilation of blood vessels and increases blood flow. Nitric oxide seems to be effective in improving athletic performance by increasing oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients for better muscle fueling. Nitric oxide plays the main role in anabolic hormones, modulates the release of several neurotransmitters and the major mediators of stress involved in the acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to exercise. Beetroot is an important source of compounds such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, betaline, and highly active phenolics and has high antioxidant properties. Beetroot supplement provides an important source of dietary polyphenols and due to the many health benefits. Phytochemicals of Beetroot through signaling pathways inhibit inflammatory diseases. In this study, the mechanisms responsible for these effects were examined and the research in this regard was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Eghbali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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105
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de Moura SS, Mendes ATP, de Assis Dias Martins-Júnior F, Totou NL, Coelho DB, Oliveira ECD, Motta-Santos D, Dos Santos RAS, Becker LK. Angiotensin-(1-7) oral formulation improves physical performance in mountain bike athletes: a double-blinded crossover study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:47. [PMID: 33957973 PMCID: PMC8101253 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The ECA2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas axis is shown to be involved in effects mediated by physical exercise, as it can induce the release of nitric oxide (ON) and bradykinin (BK), which are potent vasodilators. The vasodilating action the NO/BK can contribute to increased metabolic efficiency in muscle tissue and central nervous system. The formulation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) through its mechanisms of action can be a promising supplement to aid in the maintenance and improvement of performance and may also favor recovery during competitions. The premise of this study was to investigate the effects of acute oral supplementation HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) on the performance of mountain bike (MTB) practitioners. Methods Fourteen recreational athletes, involved in training programs for at least one year, participated in this crossover design study. Subjects underwent two days of testing with a seven-day interval. HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) (1.75 mg) and HPβCD-Placebo were provided in capsules three hours prior to tests. To determine the safety of the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) formulation associated with physical effort, cardiovascular parameters heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were analyzed. Physical performance was measured using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), total exercise time (TET), mechanical work (MW), mechanical efficiency (ME), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Respiratory exchange coefficient (REC), lactate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured. Maximal incremental tests were performed on a progressively loaded leg cycle ergometer. Results There were no significant differences in terms of HR or BP at rest and maximum effort between the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) and placebo groups. The VO2max showed significant differences (p = 0.04). It was higher in the Ang-(1–7)condition (66.15 mlO2.kg− 1.min− 1) compared to the placebo (60.72 mlO2.kg− 1.min− 1). This was also observed for TET (Ang-(1–7) 39.10 min vs. placebo 38.14 min; p = 0.04), MW (Ang-(1–7) 156.7 vs. placebo 148.2; p = 0.04), and at the lowest RPE (Ang-(1–7) vs. placebo; p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed for REC, NEFAs, or Lactate. Conclusions These results suggest that HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) improves the physical performance of MTB recreational athletes and could be a promising supplement. Trial registration RBR-2 × 56pw8, registered January 15th, 2021. The study was prospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Silva de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barbosa Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Emerson Cruz de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition/PPGSN, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil. .,Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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106
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Redox and Antioxidant Modulation of Circadian Rhythms: Effects of Nitroxyl, N-Acetylcysteine and Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092514. [PMID: 33925826 PMCID: PMC8123468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock at the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) entrains output rhythms to 24-h light cycles. To entrain by phase-advances, light signaling at the end of subjective night (circadian time 18, CT18) requires free radical nitric oxide (NO•) binding to soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) heme group, activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Phase-delays at CT14 seem to be independent of NO•, whose redox-related species were yet to be investigated. Here, the one-electron reduction of NO• nitroxyl was pharmacologically delivered by Angeli’s salt (AS) donor to assess its modulation on phase-resetting of locomotor rhythms in hamsters. Intracerebroventricular AS generated nitroxyl at the SCN, promoting phase-delays at CT14, but potentiated light-induced phase-advances at CT18. Glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) couple measured in SCN homogenates showed higher values at CT14 (i.e., more reduced) than at CT18 (oxidized). In addition, administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and GSH induced delays per se at CT14 but did not affect light-induced advances at CT18. Thus, the relative of NO• nitroxyl generates phase-delays in a reductive SCN environment, while an oxidative favors photic-advances. These data suggest that circadian phase-locking mechanisms should include redox SCN environment, generating relatives of NO•, as well as coupling with the molecular oscillator.
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Prospects for the Personalized Multimodal Therapy Approach to Pain Management via Action on NO and NOS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092431. [PMID: 33921984 PMCID: PMC8122598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain syndromes are an important medical problem generated by various molecular, genetic, and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Back pain, neuropathic pain, and posttraumatic pain are the most important pathological processes associated with chronic pain in adults. Standard approaches to the treatment of them do not solve the problem of pain chronicity. This is the reason for the search for new personalized strategies for the prevention and treatment of chronic pain. The nitric oxide (NO) system can play one of the key roles in the development of peripheral pain and its chronicity. The purpose of the study is to review publications devoted to changes in the NO system in patients with peripheral chronical pain syndromes. We have carried out a search for the articles published in e-Library, PubMed, Oxford Press, Clinical Case, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases. The search was carried out using keywords and their combinations. The role of NO and NO synthases (NOS) isoforms in peripheral pain development and chronicity was demonstrated primarily from animal models to humans. The most studied is the neuronal NOS (nNOS). The role of inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) is still under investigation. Associative genetic studies have shown that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes encoding nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS may be associated with acute and chronic peripheral pain. Prospects for the use of NOS inhibitors to modulate the effect of drugs used to treat peripheral pain syndrome are discussed. Associative genetic studies of SNVs NOS1, NOS2, and NOS3 genes are important for understanding genetic predictors of peripheral pain chronicity and development of new personalized pharmacotherapy strategies.
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108
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Tan ML, Hamid SBS. Beetroot as a Potential Functional Food for Cancer Chemoprevention, a Narrative Review. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:1-17. [PMID: 33842401 PMCID: PMC8020175 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer are prone to several debilitating side effects including fatigue, insomnia, depression and cognitive disturbances. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) as a health promoting functional food may be potentially beneficial in cancer. As a source of polyphenols, flavonoids, dietary nitrates and other useful nutrients, beetroot supplementation may provide a holistic means to prevent cancer and manage undesired effects associated with chemotherapy. The main aim of this narrative review is to discuss beetroot’s nutrient composition, current studies on its potential utility in chemoprevention and cancer-related fatigue or treatment-related side effects such as cardiotoxicity. This review aims to provide the current status of knowledge and to identify the related research gaps in this area. The flavonoids and polyphenolic components present in abundance in beetroot support its significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Most in vitro and in vivo studies have shown promising results; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive and chemoprotective effects of beetroot have not been completely elucidated. Although recent clinical trials have shown that beetroot supplementation improves human performance, translational studies on beetroot and its functional benefits in managing fatigue or other symptoms in patients with cancer are still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia.,Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Adaptive constrained constructive optimisation for complex vascularisation processes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6180. [PMID: 33731776 PMCID: PMC7969782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicking angiogenetic processes in vascular territories acquires importance in the analysis of the multi-scale circulatory cascade and the coupling between blood flow and cell function. The present work extends, in several aspects, the Constrained Constructive Optimisation (CCO) algorithm to tackle complex automatic vascularisation tasks. The main extensions are based on the integration of adaptive optimisation criteria and multi-staged space-filling strategies which enhance the modelling capabilities of CCO for specific vascular architectures. Moreover, this vascular outgrowth can be performed either from scratch or from an existing network of vessels. Hence, the vascular territory is defined as a partition of vascular, avascular and carriage domains (the last one contains vessels but not terminals) allowing one to model complex vascular domains. In turn, the multi-staged space-filling approach allows one to delineate a sequence of biologically-inspired stages during the vascularisation process by exploiting different constraints, optimisation strategies and domain partitions stage by stage, improving the consistency with the architectural hierarchy observed in anatomical structures. With these features, the aDaptive CCO (DCCO) algorithm proposed here aims at improving the modelled network anatomy. The capabilities of the DCCO algorithm are assessed with a number of anatomically realistic scenarios.
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110
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Núñez Y, Radović Č, Savić R, García-Casco JM, Čandek-Potokar M, Benítez R, Radojković D, Lukić M, Gogić M, Muñoz M, Fontanesi L, Óvilo C. Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Pathways Related to Oxidative Phosphorylation, Antioxidant Defense, Fatness and Growth in Mangalitsa and Moravka Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030844. [PMID: 33809803 PMCID: PMC8002519 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was aimed at evaluating loin transcriptome and metabolic pathway differences between the two main Serbian local pig breeds with divergent characteristics regarding muscle growth and fatness, as well as exploring nutrigenomic effects of tannin supplementation in Mangalitsa (MA) pigs. The study comprised 24 Mangalitsa and 10 Moravka (MO) males, which were kept under identical management conditions. Mangalitsa animals were divided in two nutritional groups (n = 12) receiving a standard (control) or tannin-supplemented diet (1.5%; MAT). Moravka pigs were fed the standard mixture. All animals were slaughtered at a similar age; 120 kg of average live weight (LW) and loin tissue was used for RNA-seq analysis. Results showed 306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to breed, enriched in genes involved in growth, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism and muscle development, such as PDK4, FABP4, MYOD1 and STAT3, as well as a relevant number of genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory activity (MT-NDs, NDUFAs among others). Oxidative phosphorylation was the most significantly affected pathway, activated in Mangalitsa muscle, revealing the basis of a different muscle metabolism. Also, many other relevant pathways were affected by breed and involved in oxidative stress response, fat accumulation and development of skeletal muscle. Results also allowed the identification of potential regulators and causal networks such as those controlled by FLCN, PPARGC1A or PRKAB1 with relevant regulatory roles on DEGs involved in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, or IL3 and TRAF2 potentially controlling DEGs involved in muscle development. The Tannin effect on transcriptome was small, with only 23 DEGs, but included interesting ones involved in lipid deposition such as PPARGC1B. The results indicate a significant effect of the breed on muscle tissue gene expression, affecting relevant biological pathways and allowing the identification of strong regulatory candidate genes to underlie the gene expression and phenotypic differences between the compared groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Núñez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.N.); (J.M.G.-C.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Čedomir Radović
- Institute for Animal Husbandry, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (Č.R.); (M.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Radomir Savić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Juan M. García-Casco
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.N.); (J.M.G.-C.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Rita Benítez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.N.); (J.M.G.-C.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dragan Radojković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Miloš Lukić
- Institute for Animal Husbandry, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (Č.R.); (M.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marija Gogić
- Institute for Animal Husbandry, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (Č.R.); (M.L.); (M.G.)
| | - María Muñoz
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.N.); (J.M.G.-C.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Y.N.); (J.M.G.-C.); (R.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913471492
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Albrecht ED, Babischkin JS, Aberdeen GW, Burch MG, Pepe GJ. Maternal systemic vascular dysfunction in a primate model of defective uterine spiral artery remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1712-H1723. [PMID: 33666502 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00613.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Uterine spiral artery remodeling (UAR) is essential for placental perfusion and fetal development. A defect in UAR underpins placental ischemia disorders, e.g., preeclampsia, that result in maternal systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. We have established a model of impaired UAR by prematurely elevating maternal serum estradiol levels during the first trimester of baboon pregnancy. However, it is unknown whether this experimental paradigm is associated with maternal vascular endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, in the present study baboons were administered estradiol on days 25-59 of gestation to suppress UAR and maternal vascular function determined on day 165 (term = 184 days) peripherally and in skeletal muscle, which accounts for over 40% of body mass and 25% of resting systemic vascular resistance. Maternal serum sFlt-1 levels were 2.5-fold higher (P < 0.05), and skeletal muscle arteriolar endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and luminal area, and skeletal muscle capillary density were 30-50% lower (P < 0.05) in UAR suppressed baboons. Coinciding with these changes in eNOS expression, luminal area, and capillary density, maternal brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and volume flow were 70% and 55% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, and mean arterial blood pressure 29% higher (P < 0.01) in UAR defective baboons. In summary, maternal vascular function was disrupted in a baboon model of impaired UAR. These results highlight the translational impact of this primate model and relevance to adverse conditions of human pregnancy underpinned by improper uterine artery transformation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal vascular dysfunction is a hallmark of abnormal human pregnancy, particularly early-onset preeclampsia, elicited by impaired UAR. The present study makes the novel discovery that maternal systemic vascular dysfunction was induced in a baboon experimental model of impaired UAR. This study highlights the translational relevance of this nonhuman primate model to adverse conditions of human pregnancy underpinned by defective UAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene D Albrecht
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffery S Babischkin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Graham W Aberdeen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marcia G Burch
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Gerald J Pepe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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112
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Exploiting S-nitrosylation for cancer therapy: facts and perspectives. Biochem J 2021; 477:3649-3672. [PMID: 33017470 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines by nitric oxide, has been implicated in several cellular processes and tissue homeostasis. As a result, alterations in the mechanisms controlling the levels of S-nitrosylated proteins have been found in pathological states. In the last few years, a role in cancer has been proposed, supported by the evidence that various oncoproteins undergo gain- or loss-of-function modifications upon S-nitrosylation. Here, we aim at providing insight into the current knowledge about the role of S-nitrosylation in different aspects of cancer biology and report the main anticancer strategies based on: (i) reducing S-nitrosylation-mediated oncogenic effects, (ii) boosting S-nitrosylation to stimulate cell death, (iii) exploiting S-nitrosylation through synthetic lethality.
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Rezaei S, Gholamalizadeh M, Tabrizi R, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Rastgoo S, Doaei S. The effect of L-arginine supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14739. [PMID: 33587327 PMCID: PMC7883807 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of L‐arginine supplements and their effect on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) remained unclear. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of L‐arginine supplementation (LAS) on VO2 max in healthy people. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, ProQuest, and Ovid to identify all relevant literature investigating the effect of LAS on VO2 max. This meta‐analysis was conducted via a random‐effects model for the best estimation of desired outcomes and studies that meet the inclusion criteria were considered for the final analysis. Results The results of 11 randomized clinical trials indicated that LAS increased VO2 max compared to the control group. There was no significant heterogeneity in this meta‐analysis. Subgroup analysis detected that arginine in the form of LAS significantly increased VO2 max compared to the other forms (weighted mean difference = 0.11 L min−1, I2 = 0.0%, p for heterogeneity = 0.485). Conclusions This meta‐analysis indicated that supplementation with L‐arginine could increase VO2 max in healthy people. Further studies are warranted to confirm this finding and to identify the underlying mechanisms. This meta‐analysis indicated that the supplementation of L‐arginine could increase VO2 max in healthy people
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Rastgoo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Murphy S, Zweyer M, Sabir H, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. The Dystrophin Node as Integrator of Cytoskeletal Organization, Lateral Force Transmission, Fiber Stability and Cellular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. Proteomes 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33540575 PMCID: PMC7931087 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic bioanalytical characterization of the protein product of the DMD gene, which is defective in the pediatric disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy, led to the discovery of the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Its full-length muscle isoform Dp427-M is tightly linked to a sarcolemma-associated complex consisting of dystroglycans, sarcoglyans, sarcospan, dystrobrevins and syntrophins. Besides these core members of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, the wider dystrophin-associated network includes key proteins belonging to the intracellular cytoskeleton and microtubular assembly, the basal lamina and extracellular matrix, various plasma membrane proteins and cytosolic components. Here, we review the central role of the dystrophin complex as a master node in muscle fibers that integrates cytoskeletal organization and cellular signaling at the muscle periphery, as well as providing sarcolemmal stabilization and contractile force transmission to the extracellular region. The combination of optimized tissue extraction, subcellular fractionation, advanced protein co-purification strategies, immunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with modern mass spectrometry-based proteomics has confirmed the composition of the core dystrophin complex at the sarcolemma membrane. Importantly, these biochemical and mass spectrometric surveys have identified additional members of the wider dystrophin network including biglycan, cavin, synemin, desmoglein, tubulin, plakoglobin, cytokeratin and a variety of signaling proteins and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sandra Murphy
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE24HH, UK;
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, D53113 Bonn, Germany; (M.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, D53113 Bonn, Germany; (M.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Jones AM, Vanhatalo A, Seals DR, Rossman MJ, Piknova B, Jonvik KL. Dietary Nitrate and Nitric Oxide Metabolism: Mouth, Circulation, Skeletal Muscle, and Exercise Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:280-294. [PMID: 32735111 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule that plays an important role in myriad physiological processes, including the regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, mitochondrial respiration, and skeletal muscle contractile function. NO may be produced via the canonical NO synthase-catalyzed oxidation of l-arginine and also by the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrite and then NO. The body's nitrate stores can be augmented by the ingestion of nitrate-rich foods (primarily green leafy vegetables). NO bioavailability is greatly enhanced by the activity of bacteria residing in the mouth, which reduce nitrate to nitrite, thereby increasing the concentration of circulating nitrite, which can be reduced further to NO in regions of low oxygen availability. Recent investigations have focused on promoting this nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway to positively affect indices of cardiovascular health and exercise tolerance. It has been reported that dietary nitrate supplementation with beetroot juice lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients, and sodium nitrite supplementation improves vascular endothelial function and reduces the stiffening of large elastic arteries in older humans. Nitrate supplementation has also been shown to enhance skeletal muscle function and to improve exercise performance in some circumstances. Recently, it has been established that nitrate concentration in skeletal muscle is much higher than that in blood and that muscle nitrate stores are exquisitely sensitive to dietary nitrate supplementation and deprivation. In this review, we consider the possibility that nitrate represents an essential storage form of NO and discuss the integrated function of the oral microbiome, circulation, and skeletal muscle in nitrate-nitrite-NO metabolism, as well as the practical relevance for health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Jones
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Barbora Piknova
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Proteomics identification of differential S-nitrosylated proteins between the beef with intermediate and high ultimate pH using isobaric iodoTMT switch assay. Meat Sci 2021; 172:108321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO) is quite an essential molecule for human metabolism since it plays an active role in body functions. In the past 20 years, nitric oxide has become a milestone in terms of both athlete physiology and pharmacology studies. The most known and remarkable function of NO is its role in controlling vasodilatation, blood rate, and mitochondrial respiration and thus enhance performance. Therefore, it can be argued that exercise and NO have a positive relationship. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In the scientific literature search related to this review, the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) used MEDLINE and SportDiscus data and the terms "NO," "physical exercise," "vasodilatation," and "performance enhancement." The relevant literature took its source from the research of relevant articles from reference lists derived from data studies. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS It was observed that there is a relationship between physical activity and nitric oxide, and it is demonstrated that physical activity enhances NO production. NO is supposed to improve sports performance, promote recovery, and benefit the athlete's health with its physiological support in vasodilatation, blood flow, and mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity and nitric oxide resulted to be related. There is a concrete evidence that physical activity enhances NO production. Exercise should be recommended for increasing the level of NO for athletes and for patients with cardiovascular disorders for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Oral
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey - onur.oral @ege.edu.tr
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Kumar RA, Kelley RC, Hahn D, Ferreira LF. Dietary nitrate supplementation increases diaphragm peak power in old mice. J Physiol 2021; 598:4357-4369. [PMID: 33460123 DOI: 10.1113/jp280027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Respiratory muscle function declines with ageing, contributing to breathing complications in the elderly. Here we report greater in vitro respiratory muscle contractile function in old mice receiving supplemental NaNO3 for 14 days compared with age-matched controls. Myofibrillar protein phosphorylation, which enhances contractile function, did not change in our study - a finding inconsistent with the hypothesis that this post-translational modification is a mechanism for dietary nitrate to improve muscle contractile function. Nitrate supplementation did not change the abundance of calcium-handling proteins in the diaphragm of old mice, in contrast with findings from the limb muscles of young mice in previous studies. Our findings suggest that nitrate supplementation enhances myofibrillar protein function without affecting the phosphorylation status of key myofibrillar proteins. ABSTRACT Inspiratory muscle (diaphragm) function declines with age, contributing to ventilatory dysfunction, impaired airway clearance, and overall decreased quality of life. Diaphragm isotonic and isometric contractile properties are reduced with ageing, including maximal specific force, shortening velocity and peak power. Contractile properties of limb muscle in both humans and rodents can be improved by dietary nitrate supplementation, but effects on the diaphragm and mechanisms behind these improvements remain poorly understood. One potential explanation underlying the nitrate effects on contractile properties is increased phosphorylation of myofibrillar proteins, a downstream outcome of nitrate reduction to nitrite and nitric oxide. We hypothesized that dietary nitrate supplementation would improve diaphragm contractile properties in aged mice. To test our hypothesis, we measured the diaphragm function of old (24 months) mice allocated to 1 mm NaNO3 in drinking water for 14 days (n = 8) or untreated water (n = 6). The maximal rate of isometric force development (∼30%) and peak power (40%) increased with nitrate supplementation (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the phosphorylation status of key myofibrillar proteins and abundance of Ca2+-release proteins in nitrate vs. control animals. In general, our study demonstrates improved diaphragm contractile function with dietary nitrate supplementation and supports the use of this strategy to improve inspiratory function in ageing populations. Additionally, our findings suggest that dietary nitrate improves diaphragm contractile properties independent of changes in abundance of Ca2+-release proteins or phosphorylation of myofibrillar proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi A Kumar
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rachel C Kelley
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dongwoo Hahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Saini R, Azam Z, Sapra L, Srivastava RK. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) in Neutrophils: An Insight. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 180:49-83. [PMID: 34115206 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NO (nitric oxide) is an important regulator of neutrophil functions and has a key role in diverse pathophysiological conditions. NO production by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) is under tight control at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels including interactions with heterologous proteins owing to its potent chemical reactivity and high diffusibility; this limits toxicity to other cellular components and promotes signaling specificity. The protein-protein interactions govern the activity and spatial distribution of NOS isoform to regulatory proteins and to their intended targets. In comparison with the vast literature available for endothelial, macrophages, and neuronal cells, demonstrating neuronal NOS (nNOS) interaction with other proteins through the PDZ domain, neutrophil nNOS, however, remains unexplored. Neutrophil's key role in both physiological and pathological conditions necessitates the need for further studies in delineating the NOS mediated NO modulations in signaling pathways operational in them. nNOS has been linked to depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease, suggesting the importance of exploring nNOS/NO-mediated neutrophil physiology in relation to such neuronal disorders. The review thus presents the scenario of neutrophil nNOS from the genetics to the functional level, including protein-protein interactions governing its intracellular sequestration in diverse cell types, besides speculating possible regulation in neutrophils and also addressing their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Saini
- Department of Zoology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Zaffar Azam
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, India
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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The effects of regular aerobic exercise training on blood nitric oxide levels and oxidized LDL and the role of eNOS intron 4a/b polymorphism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165913. [PMID: 32795498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO), oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase intron 4a/b polymorphism (eNOSP) are related to atherosclerosis (AS). The present study investigated the effects of regular aerobic exercise training on the mentioned risk factors as well as blood lipids and lipoproteins (BLLPs) and the role of eNOSP, which is unclear. METHODS The study was participated by 46 well trained male soccer referees as the athletic group (AG, age; 23.26 ± 2.84 years) and 43 sedentary controls (CG, age; 23.16 ± 3.28 years). Yoyo intermittent endurance (Yoyo IE-2 test) was performed to measure aerobic endurance levels of the participants. Serum NO, eNOS and oxidized LDL (OxLDL) levels (by ELISA method) and total oxidant /antioxidant status ratio (/TOS/TAS) as oxidative stress (OS) index (OSI) and BLLPs levels were determined. eNOSP was identified from genomic DNA samples with VNTR analysis. RESULTS There is no significant difference between AG and CG including the genotype groups for NO, eNOS and BLLPs and eNOSP has no role. However, AG's NO (29%, p > .05) and TAS levels were significantly higher (p = .001) than those of CG, whereas OSI (p = .001) and OxLDL (p = .011) values were significantly lower. On the other hand, NO value of the athletic bb group was 29% higher compared with the control and the a carrier (aC = aa + ab) group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that regular aerobic exercise improves blood NO levels and antioxidant capacity, while decreasing OS levels including OxLDL, but not eNOS and BLLPs in the athletes. Although the polymorphism does not have a modifying effect on these effects, bb genotype group may benefit more from training for NO than aC group due to genetic tendency.
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Rhim HC, Kim SJ, Park J, Jang KM. Effect of citrulline on post-exercise rating of perceived exertion, muscle soreness, and blood lactate levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:553-561. [PMID: 33308806 PMCID: PMC7749242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrulline is one of the non-essential amino acids that is thought to improve exercise performance and reduce post-exercise muscle soreness. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of citrulline supplements on the post-exercise rating of perceived exertion (RPE), muscle soreness, and blood lactate levels. METHODS A random effects model was used to calculate the effect sizes due to the high variability in the study design and study populations of the articles included. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Eligibility for study inclusion was limited to studies that were randomized controlled trials involving healthy individuals and that investigated the acute effect of citrulline supplements on RPE, muscle soreness, and blood lactate levels. The supplementation time frame was limited to 2 h before exercise. The types and number of participants, types of exercise tests performed, supplementation protocols for L-citrulline or citrulline malate, and primary (RPE and muscle soreness) and secondary (blood lactate level) study outcomes were extracted from the identified studies. RESULTS The analysis included 13 eligible articles including a total of 206 participants. The most frequent dosage used in the studies was 8 g of citrulline malate. Citrulline supplementation significantly reduced RPE (n = 7, p = 0.03) and muscle soreness 24-h and 48-h after post-exercise (n = 7, p = 0.04; n = 6, p = 0.25, respectively). However, citrulline supplementation did not significantly reduce muscle soreness 72-h post-exercise (n = 4, p = 0.62) or lower blood lactate levels (n = 8, p = 0.17). CONCLUSION Citrulline supplements significantly reduced post-exercise RPE and muscle soreness without affecting blood lactate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Chang Rhim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jewel Park
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Mo Jang
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02842, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Nakada S, Yamashita Y, Machida S, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Arikawa-Hirasawa E. Perlecan Facilitates Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Delocalization in Denervation-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112524. [PMID: 33238404 PMCID: PMC7700382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perlecan is an extracellular matrix molecule anchored to the sarcolemma by a dystrophin–glycoprotein complex. Perlecan-deficient mice are tolerant to muscle atrophy, suggesting that perlecan negatively regulates mechanical stress-dependent skeletal muscle mass. Delocalization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) from the sarcolemma to the cytosol triggers protein degradation, thereby initiating skeletal muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that perlecan regulates nNOS delocalization and activates protein degradation during this process. To determine the role of perlecan in nNOS-mediated mechanotransduction, we used sciatic nerve transection as a denervation model of gastrocnemius muscles. Gastrocnemius muscle atrophy was significantly lower in perinatal lethality-rescued perlecan-knockout (Hspg2−/−-Tg) mice than controls (WT-Tg) on days 4 and 14 following surgery. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that cell membrane nNOS expression was reduced by denervation in WT-Tg mice, with marginal effects in Hspg2−/−-Tg mice. Moreover, levels of atrophy-related proteins—i.e., FoxO1a, FoxO3a, atrogin-1, and Lys48-polyubiquitinated proteins—increased in the denervated muscles of WT-Tg mice but not in Hspg2−/−-Tg mice. These findings suggest that during denervation, perlecan promotes nNOS delocalization from the membrane and stimulates protein degradation and muscle atrophy by activating FoxO signaling and the ubiquitin–proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakada
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuri Yamashita
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (S.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan;
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba 270-1695, Japan; (S.N.); (S.M.)
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111
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Péladeau C, Jasmin BJ. Targeting IRES-dependent translation as a novel approach for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1238-1251. [PMID: 33164678 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1847894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal-ribosomal entry sites (IRES) are translational elements that allow the initiation machinery to start protein synthesis via internal initiation. IRESs promote tissue-specific translation in stress conditions when conventional cap-dependent translation is inhibited. Since many IRES-containing mRNAs are relevant to diseases, this cellular mechanism is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for pharmacological and genetic modulations. Indeed, there has been growing interest over the past years in determining the therapeutic potential of IRESs for several disease conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration and neuromuscular diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). IRESs relevant for DMD have been identified in several transcripts whose protein product results in functional improvements in dystrophic muscles. Together, these converging lines of evidence indicate that activation of IRES-mediated translation of relevant transcripts in DMD muscle represents a novel and appropriate therapeutic strategy for DMD that warrants further investigation, particularly to identify agents that can modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Li X, Zhang D, Ren C, Bai Y, Ijaz M, Hou C, Chen L. Effects of protein posttranslational modifications on meat quality: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:289-331. [PMID: 33443799 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Meat quality plays an important role in the purchase decision of consumers, affecting producers and retailers. The formation mechanisms determining meat quality are intricate, as several endogenous and exogenous factors contribute during antemortem and postmortem periods. Abundant research has been performed on meat quality; however, unexpected variation in meat quality remains an issue in the meat industry. Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate structures and functions of proteins in living tissues, and recent reports confirmed their importance in meat quality. The objective of this review was to provide a summary of the research on the effects of PTMs on meat quality. The effects of four common PTMs, namely, protein phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, and ubiquitination, on meat quality were discussed, with emphasis on the effects of protein phosphorylation on meat tenderness, color, and water holding capacity. The mechanisms and factors that may affect the function of protein phosphorylation are also discussed. The current research confirms that meat quality traits are regulated by multiple PTMs. Cross talk between different PTMs and interactions of PTMs with postmortem biochemical processes need to be explored to improve our understanding on factors affecting meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muawuz Ijaz
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengli Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Garnacho-Castaño MV, Palau-Salvà G, Serra-Payá N, Ruiz-Hermosel M, Berbell M, Viñals X, Bataller MG, Carbonell T, Vilches-Saez S, Cobo EP, Molina-Raya L. Understanding the effects of beetroot juice intake on CrossFit performance by assessing hormonal, metabolic and mechanical response: a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:56. [PMID: 33187518 PMCID: PMC7666517 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute beetroot juice (BJ) intake has shown to enhance aerobic and anaerobic performance. However, no studies have evaluated the effects of BJ intake on CrossFit (CF) performance by linking hormonal, metabolic, and mechanical responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the causal physiological association between hormonal, metabolic and mechanical responses, and CF workouts performance after acute BJ intake. METHODS Twelve well-trained male practitioners undertook a CF workout after drinking 140 mL of BJ (~ 12.8 mmol NO3-) or placebo. The two experimental conditions (BJ or placebo) were administered using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The CF workout consisted of repeating the same exercise routine twice: Wall ball (WB) shots plus full back squat (FBS) with 3-min rest (1st routine) or without rest (2nd routine) between the two exercises. A 3-min rest was established between the two exercise routines. RESULTS An interaction effect was observed in the number of repetitions performed (p = 0.04). The Bonferroni test determined a higher number of repetitions after BJ than placebo intake when a 3-min rest between WB and FBS (1st routine) was established (p = 0.007). An interaction effect was detected in cortisol response (p = 0.04). Cortisol showed a higher increase after BJ compared to placebo intake (76% vs. 36%, respectively). No interaction effect was observed in the testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio (p > 0.05). A significant interaction effect was found in oxygen saturation (p = 0.01). A greater oxygen saturation drop was observed in BJ compared to placebo (p < 0.05). An interaction effect was verified in muscular fatigue (p = 0.03) with a higher muscular fatigue being observed with BJ than placebo (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS BJ intake improved anaerobic performance only after the recovery time between exercises. This increase in performance in the first routine probably generated greater hypoxia in the muscle mass involved, possibly conditioning post-exercise performance. This was observed with a fall in oxygen saturation and in muscle fatigue measured at the end of the CF workout. The greatest perceived changes in cortisol levels after BJ intake could be attributed to the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Guillem Palau-Salvà
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Serra-Payá
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Ruiz-Hermosel
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Berbell
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Viñals
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gomis Bataller
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Carbonell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Vilches-Saez
- GRI-AFIRS. School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus-Pompeu Fabra University, Ernest Lluch, 32 (Porta Laietana), Mataró, 08302, Barcelona, Spain
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Pedal serotonergic neuron clusters of the pteropod mollusc, Clione limacina, contain two morphological subtypes with different innervation targets. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:21. [PMID: 33170397 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-020-00256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Each pedal ganglion of the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina contains a cluster of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons that have been shown to modulate contractions of the slow-twitch musculature of the wing-like parapodia, and contribute to swim accelerations. Each cluster has a variable number of neurons, between 5 and 9, but there is no significant difference between right and left ganglia. In experiments with electrophysiological recordings followed by dye-injection (carboxyfluorescein), the clusters were found to contain two subsets of neurons. The majority innervate the ipsilateral wing via nerve n4. Two of the neurons in each cluster send processes out of the pedal ganglion in nerves n3 and n8. The processes in nerve n3 innervate the body wall of the neck region, while those in nerve n8 innervate the body wall of the tail. The baseline electrophysiological activity of the two subsets of neurons was different as "wing" neurons had constant barrages of small synaptic activity, while the "body wall" neurons had few synaptic inputs. The potential roles of the Pd-SW cluster in swim acceleration (wing neurons) and control of fluid pressure in the body and wing hemocoelic compartments (body wall neurons) are discussed.
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Simultaneous Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Nitrate and its Reduced Metabolite, Nitrite, Following Ingestion of Inorganic Nitrate in a Mixed Patient Population. Pharm Res 2020; 37:235. [PMID: 33140122 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pharmacokinetic properties of plasma NO3- and its reduced metabolite, NO2-, have been separately described, but there has been no reported attempt to simultaneously model their pharmacokinetics following NO3- ingestion. This report describes development of such a model from retrospective analyses of concentrations largely obtained from primary endpoint efficacy trials. METHODS Linear and non-linear mixed effects analyses were used to statistically define concentration dependency on time, dose, as well as patient and study variables, and to integrate NO3- and NO2- concentrations from studies conducted at different times, locations, patient groups, and several studies in which sample range was limited to a few hours. Published pharmacokinetic studies for both substances were used to supplement model development. RESULTS A population pharmacokinetic model relating NO3- and NO2- concentrations was developed. The model incorporated endogenous levels of the two entities, and determined these were not influenced by exogenous NO3- delivery. Covariate analysis revealed intersubject variability in NO3- exposure was partially described by body weight differences influencing volume of distribution. The model was applied to visualize exposure versus response (muscle contraction performance) in individual patients. CONCLUSIONS Extension of the present first-generation model, to ultimately optimize NO3- dose versus pharmacological effects, is warranted.
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Hypothetical mechanism of light action on nitric oxide physiological effects. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:1389-1395. [PMID: 33104897 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a universal cellular mediator. It is involved in many physiological processes, including those induced by light. The disability for complete analysis of the nitric oxide metabolites in tissues prevents the exact understanding of the role of NO in a particular process. The sensitivity and selectivity of an enzymatic sensor developed in our lab is based on the detection of all NO groups that carry a positive charge or acquire it in the chemical processes. Using this sensor, we have shown that dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNIC), being principal nitric oxide donors in most of living tissues, undergo transformations under light irradiation in the wavelength range of 400-700 nm. These changes are not associated with nitric oxide release to the environment. But a nitrosyl iron complex without thiol ligands (Fe(NO)n) is produced. Moreover, in the moment of the complex reorganization, the chemical bond between the NO group and other components apparently weakens and, in the presence of a substance possessing chemical affinity to the NO group, the latter acquires the ability of transition from the complex to this substance. Therefore, the efficiency of NO donors first of all depends on the existence of the NO target and its status including that under the action of light. The activation of a donor compound by light can facilitate the transfer of NO to the target. Transfer of NO from the donor to the target occurs without releasing NO, or with a minimum time of its stay in the unbound state.
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129
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Behrens CE, Ahmed K, Ricart K, Linder B, Fernández J, Bertrand B, Patel RP, Fisher G. Acute beetroot juice supplementation improves exercise tolerance and cycling efficiency in adults with obesity. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14574. [PMID: 33063953 PMCID: PMC7556310 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training improves health outcomes in individuals with obesity (IO); however, it remains challenging for IO to adhere to exercise. Thus, it is critical to identify novel strategies that improve exercise tolerance (ET) and adherence in IO. Beetroot juice (BRJ), high in inorganic dietary nitrate, consistently improves exercise performance in athletes, individuals with cardiopulmonary diseases, and nonobese lean individuals. These improvements may be explained by reduced oxygen uptake (VO2 ) during exercise, enhanced blood flow, and greater mitochondrial efficiency. To date, we are aware of no studies that have compared the effects of BRJ, sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and nitrate-depleted BRJ (PLA) for improving ET and cardiometabolic health in IO. PURPOSE Determine if BRJ improves ET, exercise efficiency (EE), and cardiometabolic health in IO and identify possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Vascular hemodynamic, submaximal- and maximal-exercise VO2 , and time to exhaustion (TTE) were assessed in 16 participants 2.5 hr following consumption of: 1) BRJ, 2) NaNO3 , 3) PLA, or 4) CON. RESULTS A significant treatment effect was observed for submaximal exercise VO2 (p = .003), and TTE (p < .001). Post hoc analyses revealed lower VO2 during submaximal exercise in BRJ compared to PLA (p = .009) NaNO3 (p = .042) and CON (0.009), equating to an average improvement of ~ 7% with BRJ. TTE was greater for BRJ compared to other treatment arms, PLA (p = .008), NaNO3 (p = .038), and CON (p=<0.001), equating to ~ 15% improvement with BRJ. No significant changes were observed for other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of BRJ improved EE during submaximal exercise by 7%, and TTE by 15% compared to other conditions. These results suggest that BRJ may improve EE and exercise tolerance in IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Behrens
- Department of Nutrition SciencesThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Khandaker Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical BiologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Karina Ricart
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical BiologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Braxton Linder
- Department of Human StudiesThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - José Fernández
- Department of Nutrition SciencesThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Brenda Bertrand
- Department of Nutrition SciencesThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical BiologyThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Gordon Fisher
- Department of Human StudiesThe University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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Meng J, Counsell J, Morgan JE. Effects of Mini-Dystrophin on Dystrophin-Deficient, Human Skeletal Muscle-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7168. [PMID: 32998454 PMCID: PMC7582244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are developing a novel therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), involving the transplantation of autologous, skeletal muscle-derived stem cells that have been genetically corrected to express dystrophin. Dystrophin is normally expressed in activated satellite cells and in differentiated muscle fibres. However, in past preclinical validation studies, dystrophin transgenes have generally been driven by constitutive promoters that would be active at every stage of the myogenic differentiation process, including in proliferating muscle stem cells. It is not known whether artificial dystrophin expression would affect the properties of these cells. AIMS Our aims are to determine if mini-dystrophin expression affects the proliferation or myogenic differentiation of DMD skeletal muscle-derived cells. METHODS Skeletal muscle-derived cells from a DMD patient were transduced with lentivirus coding for mini-dystrophins (R3-R13 spectrin-like repeats (ΔR3R13) or hinge2 to spectrin-like repeats R23 (ΔH2R23)) with EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) fused to the C-terminus, driven by a constitutive promoter, spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV). Transduced cells were purified on the basis of GFP expression. Their proliferation and myogenic differentiation were quantified by ethynyl deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation and fusion index. Furthermore, dystrophin small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) were transfected to the cells to reverse the effects of the mini-dystrophin. Finally, a phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) array assay was performed to investigate signalling pathway changes caused by dystrophin expression. RESULTS Cell proliferation was not affected in cells transduced with ΔR3R13, but was significantly increased in cells transduced with ΔH2R23. The fusion index of myotubes derived from both ΔR3R13- and ΔH2R23 -expressing cells was significantly compromised in comparison to myotubes derived from non-transduced cells. Dystrophin siRNA transfection restored the differentiation of ΔH2R23-expressing cells. The Erk1/2- signalling pathway is altered in cells transduced with mini-dystrophin constructs. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic expression of dystrophin in cultured human skeletal muscle-derived cells may affect their proliferation and differentiation capacity. Caution should be taken when considering genetic correction of autologous stem cells to express dystrophin driven by a constitutive promoter.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Engineering/methods
- Cell Proliferation
- Dystrophin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lentivirus/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Plasmids/chemistry
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Spectrin/genetics
- Spectrin/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Meng
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.M.); (J.C.)
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - John Counsell
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.M.); (J.C.)
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jennifer E. Morgan
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.M.); (J.C.)
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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131
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Dual inhibitors of histone deacetylases and other cancer-related targets: A pharmacological perspective. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114224. [PMID: 32956642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic enzymes histone deacetylases (HDACs) are clinically validated anticancer drug targets which have been studied intensively in the past few decades. Although several drugs have been approved in this field, they are still limited to a subset of hematological malignancies (in particular T-cell lymphomas), with therapeutic potential not fully realized and the drug-resistance occurred after a certain period of use. To maximize the therapeutic potential of these classes of anticancer drugs, and to extend their application to solid tumors, numerous combination therapies containing an HDACi and an anticancer agent from other mechanisms are currently ongoing in clinical trials. Recently, dual targeting strategy comprising the HDACs component has emerged as an alternative approach for combination therapies. In this perspective, we intend to gather all HDACs-containing dual inhibitors related to cancer therapy published in literature since 2015, classify them into five categories based on targets' biological functions, and discuss the rationale why dual acting agents should work better than combinatorial therapies using two separate drugs. The article discusses the pharmacological aspects of these dual inhibitors, including in vitro biological activities, pharmacokinetic studies, in vivo efficacy studies, as well as available clinical trials. The review of the current status and advances should provide better analysis for future opportunities and challenges of this field.
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132
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Molina Correa JC, Padoin S, Varoni PR, Demarchi MC, Flores LJF, Nampo FK, de Paula Ramos S. Ergogenic Effects of Photobiomodulation on Performance in the 30-Second Wingate Test: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1901-1908. [PMID: 32796413 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molina Correa, JC, Padoin, S, Varoni, PR, Demarchi, MC, Flores, LJ, Nampo, FK, and de Paula Ramos, S. Ergogenic effects of photobiomodulation on performance in the 30-second Wingate test: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ergogenic effects of red light (630 nm) photobiomodulation on anaerobic capacity in the Wingate test. Sixteen healthy and physically active male volunteers (21.71 ± 2.49 years of age, body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The subjects performed 3 Wingate test sessions, with a 48-hour interval between tests. In the first session (baseline session, BS), a Wingate test was performed to evaluate the initial performance. Subjects were paired by performance in the BS and allocated through a draw to receive either the phototherapy (630 nm, 4.6 J/cm, 6 J per point, 16 points, light-emitting diode [LED] session) or placebo intervention (PLA session) in the second test session. In the third test session, a crossover intervention was performed. The repeated-measures analysis of variance test, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test or Friedman test with Dunn's post hoc test (p < 0.05) and Cohen's d statistic were used for comparisons. The LED session with phototherapy promoted an increase in performance in peak power (p < 0.05), relative power (p < 0.05), RPMpeak (p < 0.05), and peak velocity (p < 0.05), as well as total displacement (p < 0.01) compared with PLA. The mean power (p < 0.05), relative power (p < 0.05), RPMmean (p < 0.01), and mean velocity (p < 0.01) were higher in the LED session than those of BS. We concluded that phototherapy improves performance in Wingate anaerobic exercise, possibly due to large effects on the anaerobic alactic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Molina Correa
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Research Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation, and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susana Padoin
- State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Research Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation, and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pedro R Varoni
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Western Paraná, Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelli C Demarchi
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Western Paraná, Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucinar J F Flores
- Research Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation, and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Western Paraná, Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernando K Nampo
- Latin American Institute of Science of Life and Nature, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Solange de Paula Ramos
- Research Group in Tissue Regeneration, Adaptation, and Repair, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Redox basis of exercise physiology. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101499. [PMID: 32192916 PMCID: PMC7284946 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox reactions control fundamental processes of human biology. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the responses and adaptations to exercise are, at least in part, mediated by redox reactions. In this review, we are trying to show that redox reactions are the basis of exercise physiology by outlining the redox signaling pathways that regulate four characteristic acute exercise-induced responses (muscle contractile function, glucose uptake, blood flow and bioenergetics) and four chronic exercise-induced adaptations (mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, angiogenesis and redox homeostasis). Based on our analysis, we argue that redox regulation should be acknowledged as central to exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Dialysis Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - V Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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134
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San Juan AF, Dominguez R, Lago-Rodríguez Á, Montoya JJ, Tan R, Bailey SJ. Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2227. [PMID: 32722588 PMCID: PMC7469052 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation has been evidenced to induce an ergogenic effect in endurance and sprint-type exercise, which may be underpinned by enhanced muscle contractility and perfusion, particularly in type II muscle fibers. However, limited data are available to evaluate the ergogenic potential of NO3- supplementation during other exercise modalities that mandate type II fiber recruitment, such as weightlifting exercise (i.e., resistance exercise). In this systematic review, we examine the existing evidence basis for NO3- supplementation to improve muscular power, velocity of contraction, and muscular endurance during weightlifting exercise in healthy adults. We also discuss the potential mechanistic bases for any positive effects of NO3- supplementation on resistance exercise performance. Dialnet, Directory of Open Access Journals, Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and SPORT Discus databases were searched for articles using the keywords: nitrate or beetroot and supplement or nut*r or diet and strength or "resistance exercise" or "resistance training" or "muscular power". Four articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. Two of the four studies indicated that NO3- supplementation could increase aspects of upper body weightlifting exercise (i.e., bench press) performance (increases in mean power/velocity of contraction/number of repetitions to failure), whereas another study observed an increase in the number of repetitions to failure during lower limb weightlifting exercise (i.e., back squat). Although these preliminary observations are encouraging, further research is required for the ergogenic potential of NO3- supplementation on weightlifting exercise performance to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F. San Juan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Sport Biomechanics Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte—INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raul Dominguez
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| | | | - Juan José Montoya
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine of Physical Education and Sport, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rachel Tan
- Faculty of Sports Medicine, Natural Sciences Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USA;
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK;
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135
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Jonvik KL, Hoogervorst D, Peelen HB, de Niet M, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, van Dijk JW. The impact of beetroot juice supplementation on muscular endurance, maximal strength and countermovement jump performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:871-878. [PMID: 32594854 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1788649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Dietary nitrate has been shown to enhance muscle contractile function and has, therefore, been linked to increased muscle power and sprint exercise performance. However, the impact of dietary nitrate supplementation on maximal strength, performance and muscular endurance remains to be established. Methods: Fifteen recreationally active males (25 ± 4 y, BMI 24 ± 3 kg/m2) participated in a randomized double-blinded cross-over study comprising two 6-d supplementation periods; 140 mL/d nitrate-rich (BR; 985 mg/d) and nitrate-depleted (PLA; 0.37 mg/d) beetroot juice. Three hours following the last supplement, we assessed countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, maximal strength and power of the upper leg by voluntary isometric (30° and 60° angle) and isokinetic contractions (60, 120, 180 and 300°·s-1), and muscular endurance (total workload) by 30 reciprocal isokinetic voluntary contractions at 180°·s-1. Results: Despite differences in plasma nitrate (BR: 879 ± 239 vs. PLA: 33 ± 13 μmol/L, P < 0.001) and nitrite (BR: 463 ± 217 vs. PLA: 176 ± 50 nmol/L, P < 0.001) concentrations prior to exercise testing, CMJ height (BR: 39.3 ± 6.3 vs. PLA: 39.6 ± 6.3 cm; P = 0.39) and muscular endurance (BR: 3.93 ± 0.69 vs. PLA: 3.90 ± 0.66 kJ; P = 0.74) were not different between treatments. In line, isometric strength (P > 0.50 for both angles) and isokinetic knee extension power (P > 0.33 for all velocities) did not differ between treatments. Isokinetic knee flexion power was significantly higher following BR compared with PLA ingestion at 60°·s-1 (P = 0.001), but not at 120°·s-1 (P = 0.24), 180°·s-1 (P = 0.066), and 300°·s-1 (P = 0.36). Conclusion: Nitrate supplementation does not improve maximal strength, countermovement jump performance and muscular endurance in healthy, active males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Jonvik
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daan Hoogervorst
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Harmen B Peelen
- Department of Movement and Sports Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mark de Niet
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem van Dijk
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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136
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Shenkman BS. How Postural Muscle Senses Disuse? Early Signs and Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5037. [PMID: 32708817 PMCID: PMC7404025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A mammalian soleus muscle along with other "axial" muscles ensures the stability of the body under the Earth's gravity. In rat experiments with hindlimb suspension, zero-gravity parabolic flights as well as in human dry immersion studies, a dramatic decrease in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the soleus muscle has been repeatedly shown. Most of the motor units of the soleus muscle convert from a state of activity to a state of rest which is longer than under natural conditions. And the state of rest gradually converts to the state of disuse. This review addresses a number of metabolic events that characterize the earliest stage of the cessation of the soleus muscle contractile activity. One to three days of mechanical unloading are accompanied by energy-dependent dephosphorylation of AMPK, accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, as well as accumulation of resting myoplasmic calcium. In this transition period, a rapid rearrangement of the various signaling pathways occurs, which, primarily, results in a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis (primarily via inhibition of ribosomal biogenesis and activation of endogenous inhibitors of mRNA translation, such as GSK3β) and an increase in proteolysis (via upregulation of muscle-specific E3-ubiquitin ligases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia
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137
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Unloading during skeletal muscle regeneration retards iNOS-expressing macrophage recruitment and perturbs satellite cell accumulation. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:355-367. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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138
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Pavitt MJ, Tanner RJ, Lewis A, Buttery S, Mehta B, Jefford H, Curtis KJ, Banya WAS, Husain S, Satkunam K, Shrikrishna D, Man W, Polkey MI, Hopkinson NS. Oral nitrate supplementation to enhance pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: ON-EPIC a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel group study. Thorax 2020; 75:547-555. [PMID: 32376732 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dietary nitrate supplementation has been proposed as a strategy to improve exercise performance, both in healthy individuals and in people with COPD. We aimed to assess whether it could enhance the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in COPD. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, randomised controlled study performed at four UK centres, enrolled adults with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade II-IV COPD and Medical Research Council dyspnoea score 3-5 or functional limitation to undertake a twice weekly 8-week PR programme. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to either 140 mL of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) (12.9 mmol nitrate), or placebo nitrate-deplete BRJ, consumed 3 hours prior to undertaking each PR session. Allocation used computer-generated block randomisation. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was change in incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) distance. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, physical activity level, endothelial function via flow-mediated dilatation, fat-free mass index and blood pressure parameters. RESULTS 165 participants were recruited, 78 randomised to nitrate-rich BRJ and 87 randomised to placebo. Exercise capacity increased more with active treatment (n=57) than placebo (n=65); median (IQR) change in ISWT distance +60 m (10, 85) vs +30 m (0, 70), estimated treatment effect 30 m (95% CI 10 to 40); p=0.027. Active treatment also impacted on systolic blood pressure: treatment group -5.0 mm Hg (-5.0, -3.0) versus control +6.0 mm Hg (-1.0, 15.5), estimated treatment effect -7 mm Hg (95% CI 7 to -20) (p<0.0005). No significant serious adverse events or side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Dietary nitrate supplementation appears to be a well-tolerated and effective strategy to augment the benefits of PR in COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN27860457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Pavitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Jayne Tanner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Lewis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Buttery
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bhavin Mehta
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen Jefford
- Greenwich Adult Community Health Service, Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Dartford, Kent, UK
| | - Katrina J Curtis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Winston A S Banya
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Syed Husain
- Respiratory Medicine, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, Kent, UK
| | - Karnan Satkunam
- Greenwich Adult Community Health Service, Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Dartford, Kent, UK
| | - Dinesh Shrikrishna
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton and Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, Taunton, Somerset, UK
| | - William Man
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
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139
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Kapil V, Khambata RS, Jones DA, Rathod K, Primus C, Massimo G, Fukuto JM, Ahluwalia A. The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation: The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:692-766. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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140
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Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) to combat the age-related loss of muscle mass and function. Biogerontology 2020; 21:475-484. [PMID: 32447556 PMCID: PMC7347670 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and function with age, termed sarcopenia, is an inevitable process, which has a significant impact on quality of life. During ageing we observe a progressive loss of total muscle fibres and a reduction in cross-sectional area of the remaining fibres, resulting in a significant reduction in force output. The mechanisms which underpin sarcopenia are complex and poorly understood, ranging from inflammation, dysregulation of protein metabolism and denervation. However, there is significant evidence to demonstrate that modified ROS generation, redox dis-homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction may have an important role to play. Based on this, significant interest and research has interrogated potential ROS-targeted therapies, ranging from nutritional-based interventions such as vitamin E/C, polyphenols (resveratrol) and targeted pharmacological compounds, using molecules such as SS-31 and MitoQ. In this review we evaluate these approaches to target aberrant age-related ROS generation and the impact on muscle mass and function.
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141
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Nyakayiru J, van Loon LJC, Verdijk LB. Could intramuscular storage of dietary nitrate contribute to its ergogenic effect? A mini-review. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:295-300. [PMID: 32224084 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research performed over the past 10 years has resulted in dietary nitrate being considered a nutritional supplement that can improve exercise performance. However, there is still limited insight in the metabolic fate of dietary nitrate following the appearance of nitrate and nitrite in the circulation. Recent observations in humans suggest the storage of nitrate in skeletal muscle tissue. This short review discusses the possibility of nitrate being stored and utilized in human skeletal muscle tissue, and why confirming this may increase our understanding of how the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway improves exercise performance. Further insight in skeletal muscle nitrate storage and metabolism may provide answers to current gaps in knowledge, such as the ergogenic benefit of acute vs multiday dietary nitrate supplementation, as well as the suggested muscle fiber-type specific effects on exercise performance. In this mini-review, specific questions that need further exploration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Nyakayiru
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Institute of Sports and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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142
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Montagna C, Cirotti C, Rizza S, Filomeni G. When S-Nitrosylation Gets to Mitochondria: From Signaling to Age-Related Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:884-905. [PMID: 31931592 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cysteines have an essential role in redox signaling, transforming an oxidant signal into a biological response. Among reversible cysteine post-translational modifications, S-nitrosylation acts as a redox-switch in several pathophysiological states, such as ischemia/reperfusion, synaptic transmission, cancer, and muscular dysfunctions. Recent Advances: Growing pieces of in vitro and in vivo evidence argue for S-nitrosylation being deeply involved in development and aging, and playing a role in the onset of different pathological states. New findings suggest it being an enzymatically regulated cellular process, with deep impact on mitochondrial structure and function, and in cellular metabolism. In light of this, the recent discovery of the denitrosylase S-nitrosoCoA (coenzyme A) reductase takes on even greater importance and opens new perspectives on S-nitrosylation as a general mechanism of cellular homeostasis. Critical Issues: Based on these recent findings, we aim at summarizing and elaborating on the established and emerging crucial roles of S-nitrosylation in mitochondrial metabolism and mitophagy, and provide an overview of the pathophysiological effects induced by its deregulation. Future Directions: The identification of new S-nitrosylation targets, and the comprehension of the mechanisms through which S-nitrosylation modulates specific classes of proteins, that is, those impinging on diverse mitochondrial functions, may help to better understand the pathophysiology of aging, and propose lines of intervention to slow down or extend the onset of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montagna
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Group, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Group, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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143
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Thirupathi A, Pinho RA, Chang YZ. Physical exercise: An inducer of positive oxidative stress in skeletal muscle aging. Life Sci 2020; 252:117630. [PMID: 32294473 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the core of most pathological situations, and its attribution toward disease conversion is not yet well established. The adaptive capacity of a cell can overcome ROS-induced pathology. However, when a cell fails to extend its maximum adaptive capacity against oxidative stress, it could lead a cell to misbehave or defunct from its normal functions. Any type of physical activity can increase the cells' maximum adaptive capacity, but aging can limit this. However, whether aging is the initiating point of reducing cells' adaptive capacity against oxidative stress or oxidative stress can induce the aging process is a mystery, and it could be the key to solving several uncured diseases. Paradoxically, minimum ROS is needed for cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, finding factors that can limit or nullify the production of ROS for cellular homeostasis is a million-dollar question. Regular physical exercise is considered to be one of the factors that can limit the production of ROS and increase the ROS-induced benefits in the cells through inducing minimum oxidative stress and increasing maximum adapting capacity against oxidative stress-induced damages. The type and intensity of exercise that can produce such positive effects in the cells remain unclear. Therefore, this review discusses how physical exercise can help to produce minimal positive oxidative stress in preventing skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Thirupathi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, China.
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, China
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144
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Cocksedge SP, Breese BC, Morgan PT, Nogueira L, Thompson C, Wylie LJ, Jones AM, Bailey SJ. Influence of muscle oxygenation and nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on O 2 uptake kinetics and exercise tolerance. Nitric Oxide 2020; 99:25-33. [PMID: 32272260 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that acute supplementation with nitrate (NO3-)-rich beetroot juice (BR) would improve quadriceps muscle oxygenation, pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2) kinetics and exercise tolerance (Tlim) in normoxia and that these improvements would be augmented in hypoxia and attenuated in hyperoxia. In a randomised, double-blind, cross-over study, ten healthy males completed two-step cycle tests to Tlim following acute consumption of 210 mL BR (18.6 mmol NO3-) or NO3--depleted beetroot juice placebo (PL; 0.12 mmol NO3-). These tests were completed in normobaric normoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2): 21%], hypoxia (FIO2: 15%) and hyperoxia (FIO2: 40%). Pulmonary V˙O2 and quadriceps tissue oxygenation index (TOI), derived from multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy, were measured during all trials. Plasma [nitrite] was higher in all BR compared to all PL trials (P < 0.05). Quadriceps TOI was higher in normoxia compared to hypoxia (P < 0.05) and higher in hyperoxia compared to hypoxia and normoxia (P < 0.05). Tlim was improved after BR compared to PL ingestion in the hypoxic trials (250 ± 44 vs. 231 ± 41 s; P = 0.006; d = 1.13), with the magnitude of improvement being negatively correlated with quadriceps TOI at Tlim (r = -0.78; P < 0.05). Tlim was not improved following BR ingestion in normoxia (BR: 364 ± 98 vs. PL: 344 ± 78 s; P = 0.087, d = 0.61) or hyperoxia (BR: 492 ± 212 vs. PL: 472 ± 196 s; P = 0.273, d = 0.37). BR ingestion increased peak V˙O2 in hypoxia (P < 0.05), but not normoxia or hyperoxia (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that BR supplementation is more likely to improve Tlim and peak V˙O2 in situations when skeletal muscle is more hypoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart P Cocksedge
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, UK
| | - Brynmor C Breese
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Portland Square Building, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK
| | - Paul T Morgan
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Leonardo Nogueira
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (Medical Biochemistry Institute Leopoldo de Meis), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christopher Thompson
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Lee J Wylie
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, UK.
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145
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Alami-Durante H, Cluzeaud M, Bazin D, Vachot C, Kaushik S. Variable impacts of L-arginine or L-NAME during early life on molecular and cellular markers of muscle growth mechanisms in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 242:110652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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146
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Bailey SJ, Gandra PG, Jones AM, Hogan MC, Nogueira L. Reply from Stephen J. Bailey, Paulo G. Gandra, Andrew M. Jones, Michael C. Hogan and Leonardo Nogueira. J Physiol 2020; 598:1643-1644. [PMID: 32058587 DOI: 10.1113/jp279621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bailey
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paulo G Gandra
- Section of Physiology; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael C Hogan
- Section of Physiology; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo Nogueira
- Section of Physiology; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (Medical Biochemistry Institute Leopoldo de Meis), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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147
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Arc-Chagnaud C, Py G, Fovet T, Roumanille R, Demangel R, Pagano AF, Delobel P, Blanc S, Jasmin BJ, Blottner D, Salanova M, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Viña J, Brioche T, Chopard A. Evaluation of an Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Cocktail Against Human Hypoactivity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning. Front Physiol 2020; 11:71. [PMID: 32116779 PMCID: PMC7028694 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function induced by muscle disuse is a crucial issue in the context of spaceflight as well as in the clinical field, and development of efficient countermeasures is needed. Recent studies have reported the importance of redox balance dysregulation as a major mechanism leading to muscle wasting. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail (741 mg of polyphenols, 138 mg of vitamin E, 80 μg of selenium, and 2.1 g of omega-3) in the prevention of muscle deconditioning induced by long-term inactivity. The study consisted of 60 days of hypoactivity using the head-down bed rest (HDBR) model. Twenty healthy men were recruited; half of them received a daily antioxidant/anti-inflammatory supplementation, whereas the other half received a placebo. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscles before and after bedrest and 10 days after remobilization. After 2 months of HDBR, all subjects presented muscle deconditioning characterized by a loss of muscle strength and an atrophy of muscle fibers, which was not prevented by cocktail supplementation. Our results regarding muscle oxidative damage, mitochondrial content, and protein balance actors refuted the potential protection of the cocktail during long-term inactivity and showed a disturbance of essential signaling pathways (protein balance and mitochondriogenesis) during the remobilization period. This study demonstrated the ineffectiveness of our cocktail supplementation and underlines the complexity of redox balance mechanisms. It raises interrogations regarding the appropriate nutritional intervention to fight against muscle deconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillaume Py
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Théo Fovet
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rémi Demangel
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Mitochondries, Stress Oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre Delobel
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- IPHC, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Berlin Center for Space Medicine, Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Salanova
- Berlin Center for Space Medicine, Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mari-Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Brioche
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- DMEM, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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148
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Role of protein S-nitrosylation in regulating beef tenderness. Food Chem 2020; 306:125616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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149
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Role of Nitric Oxide in Insulin Secretion and Glucose Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:118-130. [PMID: 31690508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to carbohydrate metabolism and decreased NO bioavailability is involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). NO donors may improve insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in T2DM and insulin resistance (IR), suggesting the potential clinical importance of NO-based interventions. In this review, site-specific roles of the NO synthase (NOS)-NO pathway in carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. In addition, the metabolic effects of physiological low levels of NO produced by constitutive NOS (cNOS) versus pathological high levels of NO produced by inducible NOS (iNOS) in pancreatic β-cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle cells are summarized. A better understanding of the NOS-NO system in the regulation of glucose homeostasis can hopefully facilitate the development of new treatments for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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150
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Supplements and Nutritional Interventions to Augment High-Intensity Interval Training Physiological and Performance Adaptations-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020390. [PMID: 32024038 PMCID: PMC7071320 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves short bursts of intense activity interspersed by periods of low-intensity exercise or rest. HIIT is a viable alternative to traditional continuous moderate-intensity endurance training to enhance maximal oxygen uptake and endurance performance. Combining nutritional strategies with HIIT may result in more favorable outcomes. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight key dietary interventions that may augment adaptations to HIIT, including creatine monohydrate, caffeine, nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, protein, and essential amino acids, as well as manipulating carbohydrate availability. Nutrient timing and potential sex differences are also discussed. Overall, sodium bicarbonate and nitrates show promise for enhancing HIIT adaptations and performance. Beta-alanine has the potential to increase training volume and intensity and improve HIIT adaptations. Caffeine and creatine have potential benefits, however, longer-term studies are lacking. Presently, there is a lack of evidence supporting high protein diets to augment HIIT. Low carbohydrate training enhances the upregulation of mitochondrial enzymes, however, there does not seem to be a performance advantage, and a periodized approach may be warranted. Lastly, potential sex differences suggest the need for future research to examine sex-specific nutritional strategies in response to HIIT.
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