101
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Rowe JC, Winston JA. Collaborative Metabolism: Gut Microbes Play a Key Role in Canine and Feline Bile Acid Metabolism. Vet Sci 2024; 11:94. [PMID: 38393112 PMCID: PMC10892723 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, produced by the liver and secreted into the gastrointestinal tract, are dynamic molecules capable of impacting the overall health of dogs and cats in many contexts. Importantly, the gut microbiota metabolizes host primary bile acids into chemically distinct secondary bile acids. This review explores the emergence of new literature connecting microbial-derived bile acid metabolism to canine and feline health and disease. Moreover, this review highlights multi-omic methodologies for translational research as an area for continued growth in veterinary medicine aimed at accelerating microbiome science and medicine as it pertains to bile acid metabolism in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Rowe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comparative Hepatobiliary Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comparative Hepatobiliary Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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102
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Qian X, Tian P, Guo M, Yang H, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Determining the emotional regulation function of Bifidobacterium breve: the role of gut metabolite regulation over colonization capability. Food Funct 2024; 15:1598-1611. [PMID: 38240388 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02739b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Psychobiotics that modulate the gut-brain axis have emerged as promising interventions for clinical mental disorders. Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 has demonstrated antidepressant effects in both mice and patients with major depression. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of action of CCFM1025 in emotional regulation remains ambiguous. This study aimed to explore the colonization capacity of CCFM1025 and its dose-dependent effect on emotional regulation in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Additionally, we examined its regulatory effects on intestinal and serum metabolites in mice. The results revealed that CCFM1025 did not exhibit a heightened gut retention capability compared to the conspecific control strain. Nevertheless, CCFM1025 exhibited dose-dependent mitigation of anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment induced by CUMS, while also restoring gut microbiota homeostasis. Notably, CCFM1025 demonstrated a robust ability to exert potent gut metabolite regulation, resulting in significant elevation of bile acid and tryptophan metabolites in the gut contents and serum of mice. These findings indicate that the impact of CCFM1025 on emotional regulation may be attributed to its regulation of gut metabolites rather than its gut retention capability. The potential of Bifidobacterium to modulate bile acid metabolism may serve as a valuable avenue for regulating the gut microbiota and successfully exert emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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103
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Zhan M, Yang X, Zhao C, Han Y, Xie P, Mo Z, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H, Song M. Dietary nobiletin regulated cefuroxime- and levofloxacin-associated "gut microbiota-metabolism" imbalance and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:1265-1278. [PMID: 38196314 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB) exhibits significant biological activities and may be a potential dietary treatment for antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis. In this study, mice were gavaged with 0.2 mL day-1 of 12.5 g L-1 cefuroxime (LFX) and 10 g L-1 levofloxacin (LVX) for a duration of 10 days, accompanied by 0.05% NOB to investigate the regulatory effect and potential mechanisms of NOB on antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota disorder and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Our results indicated that dietary NOB improved the pathology of intestinal epithelial cells and the intestinal permeability by upregulating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (TJs) and the number of goblet cells. Furthermore, dietary NOB reduced the levels of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β), thereby facilitating the restoration of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Additionally, dietary NOB increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria f_Lachnospiraceae and regulated the metabolic disorders of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). Notably, NOB supplementation resulted in elevated levels of butyric acid and lithocholic acid (LCA), which contributed to the repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier function and the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Collectively, our results propose a healthy dietary strategy for the prevention or mitigation of antibiotic-associated gut dysbiosis by dietary NOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Peichun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zheqi Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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104
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Tao W, Fan Q, Wei J. Gut-Liver Axis as a Therapeutic Target for Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1219-1236. [PMID: 38392196 PMCID: PMC10887627 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a liver disease that remains difficult to predict and diagnose, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully clarified. The gut-liver axis refers to the reciprocal interactions between the gut and the liver, and its homeostasis plays a prominent role in maintaining liver health. It has been recently reported that patients and animals with DILI have a disrupted gut-liver axis, involving altered gut microbiota composition, increased intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide translocation, decreased short-chain fatty acids production, and impaired bile acid metabolism homeostasis. The present review will summarize the evidence from both clinical and preclinical studies about the role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of DILI. Moreover, we will focus attention on the potential therapeutic strategies for DILI based on improving gut-liver axis function, including herbs and phytochemicals, probiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, postbiotics, bile acids, and Farnesoid X receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qiwen Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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105
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Engevik MA, Thapa S, Lillie IM, Yacyshyn MB, Yacyshyn B, Percy AJ, Chace D, Horvath TD. Repurposing dried blood spot device technology to examine bile acid profiles in human dried fecal spot samples. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G95-G106. [PMID: 38014449 PMCID: PMC11208030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00188.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) analysis has existed for >50 years, but application of this technique to fecal analysis remains limited. To address whether dried fecal spots (DFS) could be used to measure fecal bile acids, we collected feces from five subjects for each of the following cohorts: 1) healthy individuals, 2) individuals with diarrhea, and 3) Clostridioides difficile-infected patients. Homogenized fecal extracts were loaded onto quantitative DBS (qDBS) devices, dried overnight, and shipped to the bioanalytical lab at ambient temperature. For comparison, source fecal extracts were shipped on dry ice and stored frozen. After 4 mo, frozen fecal extracts and ambient DFS samples were processed and subjected to targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics with stable isotope-labeled standards. We observed no differences in the bile acid levels measured between the traditional extraction and the qDBS-based DFS methods. This pilot data demonstrates that DFS-based analysis is feasible and warrants further development for fecal compounds and microbiome applications.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Stool analysis in remote settings can be challenging, as the samples must be stored at -80°C and transported on dry ice for downstream processing. Our work indicates that dried fecal spots (DFS) on Capitainer quantitative DBS (qDBS) devices can be stored and shipped at ambient temperature and yields the same bile acid profiles as traditional samples. This approach has broad applications for patient home testing and sample collection in rural communities or resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Santosh Thapa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ian M Lillie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Mary Beth Yacyshyn
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Bruce Yacyshyn
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Andrew J Percy
- Department of Applications Development, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., Tewksbury, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Thomas D Horvath
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
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106
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Guzior DV, Okros M, Shivel M, Armwald B, Bridges C, Fu Y, Martin C, Schilmiller AL, Miller WM, Ziegler KM, Sims MD, Maddens ME, Graham SF, Hausinger RP, Quinn RA. Bile salt hydrolase acyltransferase activity expands bile acid diversity. Nature 2024; 626:852-858. [PMID: 38326608 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are steroid detergents in bile that contribute to the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins while shaping the gut microbiome because of their antimicrobial properties1-4. Here we identify the enzyme responsible for a mechanism of BA metabolism by the gut microbiota involving amino acid conjugation to the acyl-site of BAs, thus producing a diverse suite of microbially conjugated bile acids (MCBAs). We show that this transformation is mediated by acyltransferase activity of bile salt hydrolase (bile salt hydrolase/transferase, BSH/T). Clostridium perfringens BSH/T rapidly performed acyl transfer when provided various amino acids and taurocholate, glycocholate or cholate, with an optimum at pH 5.3. Amino acid conjugation by C. perfringens BSH/T was diverse, including all proteinaceous amino acids except proline and aspartate. MCBA production was widespread among gut bacteria, with strain-specific amino acid use. Species with similar BSH/T amino acid sequences had similar conjugation profiles and several bsh/t alleles correlated with increased conjugation diversity. Tertiary structure mapping of BSH/T followed by mutagenesis experiments showed that active site structure affects amino acid selectivity. These MCBA products had antimicrobial properties, where greater amino acid hydrophobicity showed greater antimicrobial activity. Inhibitory concentrations of MCBAs reached those measured natively in the mammalian gut. MCBAs fed to mice entered enterohepatic circulation, in which liver and gallbladder concentrations varied depending on the conjugated amino acid. Quantifying MCBAs in human faecal samples showed that they reach concentrations equal to or greater than secondary and primary BAs and were reduced after bariatric surgery, thus supporting MCBAs as a significant component of the BA pool that can be altered by changes in gastrointestinal physiology. In conclusion, the inherent acyltransferase activity of BSH/T greatly diversifies BA chemistry, creating a set of previously underappreciated metabolites with the potential to affect the microbiome and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas V Guzior
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Maxwell Okros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Madison Shivel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bruin Armwald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yousi Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christian Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anthony L Schilmiller
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wendy M Miller
- Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn M Ziegler
- Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Matthew D Sims
- Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Michael E Maddens
- Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Robert P Hausinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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107
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Yao S, Ren S, Cai C, Cao X, Shi Y, Wu P, Ye Y. Glycocholic acid supplementation improved growth performance and alleviated tissue damage in the liver and intestine in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed a high-pectin diet. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:41-57. [PMID: 36454392 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a study on the anti-nutritional effect of dietary fiber, it was noticed that a high-pectin diet (PEC diet) caused growth retardation, hepatic cholestasis, steatosis, fibrosis, and enteritis accompanied by decreased glycocholic acid (GCA) in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. This study was conducted to investigate the potential alleviating effects of supplementation with GCA. A PEC diet and a diet supplemented with 0.6 g kg-1 GCA based on the PEC diet (named the GCA diet) were formulated and randomly fed to juvenile Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Compared to fish that were fed the PEC diet for 7 days, the GCA content in liver increased significantly in fish fed the GCA diet, the incidence of abnormal liver color, gallbladder somatic index (GBSI), total bile acid concentration in serum and liver, and the expression of arnesoid X receptor gene (fxr) upregulated and genes involved in bile acid (BA) synthesis and uptake in liver decreased significantly. After 56 days, the SGR, the expression of fxr and genes involved in BA synthesis and transportation in the liver, the serum content of total bilirubin, total protein, and globulin were significantly higher, while the hepatosomatic index, GBSI, liver lipid and collagen content, and the incidence of distal intestine tissue damage were lower in fish fed the GCA diet than in those fed the PEC diet. These results suggested that GCA improved growth performance and alleviated hepatic cholestasis and tissue damage to the liver and intestine induced by a high-pectin diet, which might occur through activating FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Yao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Ren
- College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Cai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiamin Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Shi
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantu Ye
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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108
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Akinyemi MO, Ogunremi OR, Adeleke RA, Ezekiel CN. Probiotic Potentials of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts from Raw Goat Milk in Nigeria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:163-180. [PMID: 36520357 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are incorporated in foods due to their numerous health benefits. We investigated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts isolated from goat milk in Nigeria for novel probiotic strains. In this study, a total of 27 LAB and 23 yeast strains were assessed for their probiotic potentials. Only six LAB strains (Weissella cibaria GM 93m3, Weissella confusa GM 92m1, Pediococcus acidilactici GM 18a, Pediococcus pentosaceus GM 23d, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus GM 102s4, Limosilactobacillus fermentum GM 30m1) and four yeast strains (Candida tropicalis 12a, C. tropicalis 33d, Diutina rugosa 53b, and D. rugosa 77a) identified using partial 16S and 26S rDNA sequencing, respectively, showed survival at pH 2.5, 0.3% bile salt, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions and possessed auto-aggregative and hydrophobic properties, thus satisfying key in vitro criteria as probiotics. All LAB strains showed coaggregation properties and antimicrobial activities against pathogens. Pediococcus pentosaceus GM 23d recorded the strongest coaggregation percentage (34-94%) against 14 pathogens, while W. cibaria GM 93m3 showed the least (6-57%) against eight of the 14 pathogens. The whole cell and extracellular extracts of LAB and yeast strains, with the exception of D. rugosa 77a, had either 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl and/or hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, all six LAB and four yeast strains are important probiotic candidates that can be further investigated for use as functional starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muiz O Akinyemi
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Omotade R Ogunremi
- Department of Biological Sciences, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Rasheed A Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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109
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Li Z, Zheng Y, Zhang M, Wu K, Zhang L, Yao Y, Zheng C. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites associate with circulating immune cell subsets in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24571. [PMID: 38312612 PMCID: PMC10835175 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the precise causes of over 40 % of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) cases cannot be identified, leading to the term "unexplained RSA" (URSA). Through an exploration of the gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune cell subsets in URSA, this study establishes a link between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and immune cells. The results indicate reduced diversity in the gut microbiota of URSA. Targeted metabolomic analyses reveal decreased levels of gut microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid (DCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), acetate, propionate, and butyrate in URSA. Furthermore, elevated frequencies of Th1, Th17, and plasma B cells, along with decreased frequencies of Tregs and Bregs, are observed in the peripheral blood of URSA. The results demonstrate correlations between the levels of gut microbiota-derived bile acids and short-chain fatty acids and the frequencies of various immune cell subsets in circulation. Collectively, this study uncovers an association between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and circulating immune cell subsets in URSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, China
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110
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Mullowney MW, Fiebig A, Schnizlein MK, McMillin M, Rose AR, Koval J, Rubin D, Dalal S, Sogin ML, Chang EB, Sidebottom AM, Crosson S. Microbially catalyzed conjugation of GABA and tyramine to bile acids. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0042623. [PMID: 38174933 PMCID: PMC10810215 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00426-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol-derived molecules that aid in digestion and nutrient absorption, regulate host metabolic processes, and influence physiology of the gut microbiota. Both the host and its microbiome contribute to enzymatic modifications that shape the chemical diversity of BAs in the gut. Several bacterial species have been reported to conjugate standard amino acids to BAs, but it was not known if bacteria conjugate BAs to other amine classes. Here, we show that Bacteroides fragilis strain P207, isolated from a bacterial bloom in the J-pouch of a patient with ulcerative colitis pouchitis, conjugates standard amino acids and the neuroactive amines γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and tyramine to deoxycholic acid. We extended this analysis to other human gut isolates and identified species that are competent to conjugate GABA and tyramine to primary and secondary BAs, and further identified diverse BA-GABA and BA-tyramine amides in human stool. A longitudinal metabolomic analysis of J-pouch contents of the patient from whom B. fragilis P207 was isolated revealed highly reduced levels of secondary bile acids and a shifting BA amide profile before, during, and after onset of pouchitis, including temporal changes in several BA-GABA amides. Treatment of pouchitis with ciprofloxacin was associated with a marked reduction of nearly all BA amides in the J-pouch. Our study expands the known repertoire of conjugated bile acids produced by bacteria to include BA conjugates to GABA and tyramine and demonstrates that these molecules are present in the human gut. IMPORTANCE BAs are modified in multiple ways by host enzymes and the microbiota to produce a chemically diverse set of molecules that assist in the digestive process and impact many physiological functions. This study reports the discovery of bacterial species that conjugate the neuroactive amines, GABA and tyramine, to primary and secondary BAs. We further present evidence that BA-GABA and BA-tyramine conjugates are present in the human gut, and document a shifting BA-GABA profile in a human pouchitis patient before, during, and after inflammation and antibiotic treatment. GABA and tyramine are common metabolic products of the gut microbiota and potent neuroactive molecules. GABA- and tyramine-conjugated BAs may influence receptor-mediated regulatory mechanisms of humans and their gut microbes, and absorption of these molecules and their entry into enterohepatic circulation may impact host physiology at distal tissue sites. This study defines new conjugated bile acids in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew K. Schnizlein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary McMillin
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amber R. Rose
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason Koval
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sushila Dalal
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Ren J, Zhang X, Heiyan-Perhat SU, Yang P, Han H, Li Y, Gao J, He E, Li Y. Therapeutic Role of Polyphenol Extract from Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:288. [PMID: 38256841 PMCID: PMC10821496 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart (P. cerasifera) flourishes uniquely in the arid landscapes of Xinjiang, China. Preliminary studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of its polyphenol extract (PPE) in mitigating liver lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet. We established a mouse model that was subjected to a continuous high-fat diet for 24 weeks and administered PPE to investigate the effects of PPE on cholesterol and BA metabolism in NAFLD mice. The results showed that PPE administration (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, BW) led to a reduction in liver TC, an increase in liver T-BAs, and normalization of the disrupted fecal BA profile. Concurrently, it decreased levels of lipotoxic BAs and inhibited hepatic cholesterol synthesis (evidenced by reduced HMGCR activity) and intestinal cholesterol absorption (indicated by lower ACAT2 levels) while enhancing intestinal cholesterol efflux (via LXRα, ABCA1, ABCG5, and ABCG8) and stimulating hepatic BA synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1) and secretion (BSEP). PPE thus led to a significant reduction in lipotoxic BAs metabolized by gut microbiota and a downregulation of the BA secretion pathway under its influence. Our findings reveal the therapeutic effect of PPE on NAFLD mice via regulating cholesterol and BA metabolism, providing a theoretical basis for exploring the potential functions of P. cerasifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - SU Heiyan-Perhat
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Po Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Sciences, Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;
- College of Arts and Sports, Hebei Institution of Communication College, Shijiazhuang 051430, China
| | - Helong Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Enpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Sciences, Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;
| | - Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
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112
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Lu Q, Zhu Y, Wang C, Zhang R, Miao Y, Chai Y, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Obeticholic acid protects against lithocholic acid-induced exogenous cell apoptosis during cholestatic liver injury. Life Sci 2024; 337:122355. [PMID: 38104861 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced cholestasis was accompanied by the occurrence of apoptosis, which indicated that anti-apoptosis was a therapeutic strategy for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). As an agonist of (Farnesoid X receptor) FXR, we supposed that the hepatoprotection of Obeticholic acid (OCA) against cholestatic liver injury is related to anti-apoptosis beside of the bile acids (BAs) regulation. Herein, we explored the non-metabolic regulating mechanism of OCA for resisting LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury via anti-apoptosis. MAIN METHODS LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury mice were pretreated with OCA to evaluate its hepatoprotective effect and mechanism. Biochemical and pathological indicators were used to detect the protective effect of OCA on LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury. The bile acids (BAs) profile in serum was detected by LC-MS/MS. Hepatocyte BAs metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation related genes and proteins alteration were investigated by biochemical determination. KEY FINDINGS OCA improved LCA-induced cholestasis and hepatic apoptosis in mice. The BA profile in serum was changed by OCA mainly manifested as a reduction of taurine-conjugated bile acids, which was due to the upregulation of FXR-related bile acid efflux transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP), multi-drug resistant associated protein 2 (MRP2), MRP3 and multi-drug resistance 3 (MDR3). Apoptosis related proteins cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved PARP were obviously reduced after OCA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE OCA improved LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury via FXR-induced exogenous cell apoptosis, which will provide new evidence for the application of OCA to ameliorate PBC in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangping Zhu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changling Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rongmi Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chai
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Chen C, Gao K, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Ke X, Mao B, Fan Q, Li Y, Chen S. The supplementation of the multi-strain probiotics WHHPRO™ alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic symptoms in rats via gut-liver axis. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1324691. [PMID: 38274203 PMCID: PMC10808617 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1324691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) has emerged as one of the major global health concerns, accompanied by a series of related complications, such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. The gut-liver axis (GLA) is a bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver. The GLA alterations have been revealed to be closely associated with the development of MS. Probiotics within Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium confer beneficial effects on improving MS symptoms. WHHPRO™ is a mixture of four probiotic strains, with potential MS-improving abilities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of WHHPRO™ on MS symptoms using a high-fat diet (HFD) rat model. Oral administration of WHHPRO™ for 12 weeks improved glucose tolerance, blood lipid, body weight, and liver index in HFD rats. WHHPRO™ shaped the gut microbiome composition by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia and normalized the reduced SCFA levels in HFD rats. Besides, WHHPRO™ modulated the fecal bile acids (BAs) profile, with decreased levels of T-b-MCA and 12-KDCA and increased levels of LCA and ILCA. Meanwhile, WHHPRO™ increased total unconjugated BAs in feces and liver and reduced the accumulation of total hepatic BA pool size in HFD rats. Moreover, WHHPRO™ reversed the expression of genes associated with impaired BA metabolism signaling in the ileum and liver. Our findings suggest that WHHPRO™ exerted beneficial effects on improving MS symptoms, involving the modulation of the gut microbiome composition, SCFAs, and the FXR-FGF15 signaling along the GLA. Supplementation of WHHPRO™ may serve as a novel strategy for improving MS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Kan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Su Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Wahaha Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
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114
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McMillan AS, Foley MH, Perkins CE, Theriot CM. Loss of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron bile acid-altering enzymes impacts bacterial fitness and the global metabolic transcriptome. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0357623. [PMID: 38018975 PMCID: PMC10783122 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03576-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Recent work on bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Bacteroides, has primarily focused on how they can impact host physiology. However, the benefits bile acid metabolism confers to the bacterium that performs it are not well understood. In this study, we set out to define if and how Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) uses its BSHs and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to modify bile acids to provide a fitness advantage for itself in vitro and in vivo. Genes encoding bile acid-altering enzymes were able to impact how B. theta responds to nutrient limitation in the presence of bile acids, specifically carbohydrate metabolism, affecting many polysaccharide utilization loci. This suggests that B. theta may be able to shift its metabolism, specifically its ability to target different complex glycans including host mucin, when it comes into contact with specific bile acids in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S. McMillan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Genetics Program, College of Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew H. Foley
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline E. Perkins
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Casey M. Theriot
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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115
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Fernandez L, Rosvall M, Normark J, Fällman M, Avican K. Co-PATHOgenex web application for assessing complex stress responses in pathogenic bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0278123. [PMID: 38019016 PMCID: PMC10783046 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02781-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Unveiling gene co-expression networks in bacterial pathogens has the potential for gaining insights into their adaptive strategies within the host environment. Here, we developed Co-PATHOgenex, an interactive and user-friendly web application that enables users to construct networks from gene co-expressions using custom-defined thresholds (https://avicanlab.shinyapps.io/copathogenex/). The incorporated search functions and visualizations within the tool simplify the usage and facilitate the interpretation of the analysis output. Co-PATHOgenex also includes stress stimulons for various bacterial species, which can help identify gene products not previously associated with a particular stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyden Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Integrated Science Lab (Icelab), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Rosvall
- Department of Physics, Integrated Science Lab (Icelab), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Normark
- Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Fällman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Integrated Science Lab (Icelab), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kemal Avican
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Integrated Science Lab (Icelab), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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116
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Al-Khazaleh AK, Jaye K, Chang D, Münch GW, Bhuyan DJ. Buds and Bugs: A Fascinating Tale of Gut Microbiota and Cannabis in the Fight against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:872. [PMID: 38255944 PMCID: PMC10815411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging research has revealed a complex bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiome and cannabis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota can significantly influence the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids. One notable finding is the ability of the gut microbiota to metabolise cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This metabolic transformation can alter the potency and duration of cannabinoid effects, potentially impacting their efficacy in cancer treatment. Additionally, the capacity of gut microbiota to activate cannabinoid receptors through the production of secondary bile acids underscores its role in directly influencing the pharmacological activity of cannabinoids. While the literature reveals promising avenues for leveraging the gut microbiome-cannabis axis in cancer therapy, several critical considerations must be accounted for. Firstly, the variability in gut microbiota composition among individuals presents a challenge in developing universal treatment strategies. The diversity in gut microbiota may lead to variations in cannabinoid metabolism and treatment responses, emphasising the need for personalised medicine approaches. The growing interest in understanding how the gut microbiome and cannabis may impact cancer has created a demand for up-to-date, comprehensive reviews to inform researchers and healthcare practitioners. This review provides a timely and invaluable resource by synthesizing the most recent research findings and spotlighting emerging trends. A thorough examination of the literature on the interplay between the gut microbiome and cannabis, specifically focusing on their potential implications for cancer, is presented in this review to devise innovative and effective therapeutic strategies for managing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad K. Al-Khazaleh
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (A.K.A.-K.); (K.J.); (D.C.)
| | - Kayla Jaye
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (A.K.A.-K.); (K.J.); (D.C.)
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (A.K.A.-K.); (K.J.); (D.C.)
| | - Gerald W. Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (A.K.A.-K.); (K.J.); (D.C.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Correa Lopes B, Chen CC, Sung CH, Ishii PE, Medina LFDC, Gaschen FP, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R. Correlation between Peptacetobacter hiranonis, the baiCD Gene, and Secondary Bile Acids in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:216. [PMID: 38254385 PMCID: PMC10812727 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid metabolism is a key pathway modulated by intestinal microbiota. Peptacetobacter (Clostridium) hiranonis has been described as the main species responsible for the conversion of primary into secondary fecal unconjugated bile acids (fUBA) in dogs. This multi-step biochemical pathway is encoded by the bile acid-inducible (bai) operon. We aimed to assess the correlation between P. hiranonis abundance, the abundance of one specific gene of the bai operon (baiCD), and secondary fUBA concentrations. In this retrospective study, 133 fecal samples were analyzed from 24 dogs. The abundances of P. hiranonis and baiCD were determined using qPCR. The concentration of fUBA was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The baiCD abundance exhibited a strong positive correlation with secondary fUBA (ρ = 0.7377, 95% CI (0.6461, 0.8084), p < 0.0001). Similarly, there was a strong correlation between P. hiranonis and secondary fUBA (ρ = 0.6658, 95% CI (0.5555, 0.7532), p < 0.0001). Animals displaying conversion of fUBA and lacking P. hiranonis were not observed. These results suggest P. hiranonis is the main converter of primary to secondary bile acids in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Correa Lopes
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Chih-Chun Chen
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Patricia Eri Ishii
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Luis Fernando da Costa Medina
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Frederic P. Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
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118
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Ichikawa M, Okada H, Nakamoto N, Taniki N, Chu PS, Kanai T. The gut-liver axis in hepatobiliary diseases. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:2. [PMID: 38191517 PMCID: PMC10773109 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the analysis of intestinal bacteria have led to reports of variations in intestinal bacterial levels among hepatobiliary diseases. The mechanisms behind the changes in intestinal bacteria in various hepatobiliary diseases include the abnormal composition of intestinal bacteria, weakening of the intestinal barrier, and bacterial translocation outside the intestinal tract, along with their metabolites, but many aspects remain unresolved. Further research employing clinical studies and animal models is expected to clarify the direct relationship between intestinal bacteria and hepatobiliary diseases and to validate the utility of intestinal bacteria as a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes the involvement of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases via the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Haruka Okada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan.
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Po-Sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan.
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León Y, Honigsberg R, Rasko DA, Faherty CS. Gastrointestinal signals in supplemented media reveal a role in adherence for the Shigella flexneri sap autotransporter gene. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2331985. [PMID: 38549437 PMCID: PMC10984119 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2331985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Shigella flexneri causes severe diarrheal disease worldwide. While many aspects of pathogenesis have been elucidated, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of putative chromosomally-encoded virulence genes. The uncharacterized sap gene encoded on the chromosome has significant nucleotide sequence identity to the fluffy (flu) antigen 43 autotransporter gene in pathogenic Escherichia coli. Here, we constructed a Δsap mutant in S. flexneri strain 2457T and examined the effects of this mutation on bacterial cell aggregation, biofilm formation, and adherence to colonic epithelial cells. Analyses included the use of growth media supplemented with glucose and bile salts to replicate small intestinal signals encountered by S. flexneri. Deletion of the sap gene in 2457T affected epithelial cell adherence, resulted in quicker bacterial cell aggregation, but did not affect biofilm formation. This work highlights a functional role for the sap gene in S. flexneri pathogenesis and further demonstrates the importance of using relevant and appropriate gastrointestinal signals to characterize virulence genes of enteropathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrvin León
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raphael Honigsberg
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Département d’Enseignement et de, Recherche de Biologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David A. Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina S. Faherty
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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120
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Wu H, Mu C, Xu L, Yu K, Shen L, Zhu W. Host-microbiota interaction in intestinal stem cell homeostasis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2353399. [PMID: 38757687 PMCID: PMC11110705 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2353399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a pivotal role in gut physiology by governing intestinal epithelium renewal through the precise regulation of proliferation and differentiation. The gut microbiota interacts closely with the epithelium through myriad of actions, including immune and metabolic interactions, which translate into tight connections between microbial activity and ISC function. Given the diverse functions of the gut microbiota in affecting the metabolism of macronutrients and micronutrients, dietary nutrients exert pronounced effects on host-microbiota interactions and, consequently, the ISC fate. Therefore, understanding the intricate host-microbiota interaction in regulating ISC homeostasis is imperative for improving gut health. Here, we review recent advances in understanding host-microbiota immune and metabolic interactions that shape ISC function, such as the role of pattern-recognition receptors and microbial metabolites, including lactate and indole metabolites. Additionally, the diverse regulatory effects of the microbiota on dietary nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals (e.g. iron and zinc), are thoroughly explored in relation to their impact on ISCs. Thus, we highlight the multifaceted mechanisms governing host-microbiota interactions in ISC homeostasis. Insights gained from this review provide strategies for the development of dietary or microbiota-based interventions to foster gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Wu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Food Informatics, AgResearch, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Laipeng Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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121
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Pan Y, Zhang H, Li M, He T, Guo S, Zhu L, Tan J, Wang B. Novel approaches in IBD therapy: targeting the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356284. [PMID: 38769683 PMCID: PMC11110704 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Disturbed gut microbiota and abnormal bile acid (BA) metabolism are notable in IBD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Specifically, the diversity of the gut microbiota influences BA composition, whereas altered BA profiles can disrupt the microbiota. IBD patients often exhibit increased primary bile acid and reduced secondary bile acid concentrations due to a diminished bacteria population essential for BA metabolism. This imbalance activates BA receptors, undermining intestinal integrity and immune function. Consequently, targeting the microbiota-BA axis may rectify these disturbances, offering symptomatic relief in IBD. Here, the interplay between gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) is reviewed, with a particular focus on the role of gut microbiota in mediating bile acid biotransformation, and contributions of the gut microbiota-BA axis to IBD pathology to unveil potential novel therapeutic avenues for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tingjing He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sihao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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122
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Usman I, Anwar A, Shukla S, Pathak P. Mechanistic Review on the Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:13-39. [PMID: 38879769 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x310857240607103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which stand as the primary contributors to illness and death on a global scale, include vital risk factors like hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking, to name a few. However, conventional cardiovascular risk factors offer only partial insight into the complexity of CVDs. Lately, a growing body of research has illuminated that the gut microbiome and its by-products are also of paramount importance in the initiation and progression of CVDs. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microorganisms, commonly known as gut microbiota, that metabolize nutrients, yielding substances like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and so on. Strategies aimed at addressing these microbes and their correlated biological pathways have shown promise in the management and diagnosis of CVDs. This review offers a comprehensive examination of how the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of CVDs, particularly atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF), explores potential underlying mechanisms, and highlights emerging therapeutic prospects in this dynamic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Aamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Shivang Shukla
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, U.P., 226010, India
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123
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Reuter MA, Tucker M, Marfori Z, Shishani R, Bustamante JM, Moreno R, Goodson ML, Ehrlich A, Taha AY, Lein PJ, Joshi N, Brito I, Durbin-Johnson B, Nandakumar R, Cummings BP. Dietary resistant starch supplementation increases gut luminal deoxycholic acid abundance in mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2315632. [PMID: 38375831 PMCID: PMC10880513 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2315632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are among the most abundant metabolites produced by the gut microbiome. Primary BAs produced in the liver are converted by gut bacterial 7-α-dehydroxylation into secondary BAs, which can differentially regulate host health via signaling based on their varying affinity for BA receptors. Despite the importance of secondary BAs in host health, the regulation of 7-α-dehydroxylation and the role of diet in modulating this process is incompletely defined. Understanding this process could lead to dietary guidelines that beneficially shift BA metabolism. Dietary fiber regulates gut microbial composition and metabolite production. We tested the hypothesis that feeding mice a diet rich in a fermentable dietary fiber, resistant starch (RS), would alter gut bacterial BA metabolism. Male and female wild-type mice were fed a diet supplemented with RS or an isocaloric control diet (IC). Metabolic parameters were similar between groups. RS supplementation increased gut luminal deoxycholic acid (DCA) abundance. However, gut luminal cholic acid (CA) abundance, the substrate for 7-α-dehydroxylation in DCA production, was unaltered by RS. Further, RS supplementation did not change the mRNA expression of hepatic BA producing enzymes or ileal BA transporters. Metagenomic assessment of gut bacterial composition revealed no change in the relative abundance of bacteria known to perform 7-α-dehydroxylation. P. ginsenosidimutans and P. multiformis were positively correlated with gut luminal DCA abundance and increased in response to RS supplementation. These data demonstrate that RS supplementation enriches gut luminal DCA abundance without increasing the relative abundance of bacteria known to perform 7-α-dehydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Reuter
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Madelynn Tucker
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zara Marfori
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rahaf Shishani
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Miranda Bustamante
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rosalinda Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael L. Goodson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allison Ehrlich
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bethany P. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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124
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Martinelli F, Thiele I. Microbial metabolism marvels: a comprehensive review of microbial drug transformation capabilities. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2387400. [PMID: 39150897 PMCID: PMC11332652 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the pivotal role of microbes in drug metabolism, synthesizing insights from an exhaustive analysis of over two hundred papers. Employing a structural classification system grounded in drug atom involvement, the review categorizes the microbiome-mediated drug-metabolizing capabilities of over 80 drugs. Additionally, it compiles pharmacodynamic and enzymatic details related to these reactions, striving to include information on encoding genes and specific involved microorganisms. Bridging biochemistry, pharmacology, genetics, and microbiology, this review not only serves to consolidate diverse research fields but also highlights the potential impact of microbial drug metabolism on future drug design and in silico studies. With a visionary outlook, it also lays the groundwork for personalized medicine interventions, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration for advancing drug development and enhancing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Martinelli
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Digital Metabolic Twin Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- The Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ines Thiele
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Digital Metabolic Twin Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- The Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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125
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Meibom KL, Marion S, Volet C, Nass T, Vico-Oton E, Menin L, Bernier-Latmani R. BaiJ and BaiB are key enzymes in the chenodeoxycholic acid 7α-dehydroxylation pathway in the gut microbe Clostridium scindens ATCC 35704. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323233. [PMID: 38465624 PMCID: PMC10936602 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid transformation is a common gut microbiome activity that produces secondary bile acids, some of which are important for human health. One such process, 7α-dehydroxylation, converts the primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, to deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, respectively. This transformation requires a number of enzymes, generally encoded in a bile acid-inducible (bai) operon and consists of multiple steps. Some 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria also harbor additional genes that encode enzymes with potential roles in this pathway, but little is known about their functions. Here, we purified 11 enzymes originating either from the bai operon or encoded at other locations in the genome of Clostridium scindens strain ATCC 35704. Enzyme activity was probed in vitro under anoxic conditions to characterize the biochemical pathway of chenodeoxycholic acid 7α-dehydroxylation. We found that more than one combination of enzymes can support the process and that a set of five enzymes, including BaiJ that is encoded outside the bai operon, is sufficient to achieve the transformation. We found that BaiJ, an oxidoreductase, exhibits an activity that is not harbored by the homologous enzyme from another C. scindens strain. Furthermore, ligation of bile acids to coenzyme A (CoA) was shown to impact the product of the transformation. These results point to differences in the 7α-dehydroxylation pathway among microorganisms and the crucial role of CoA ligation in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Lederballe Meibom
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Solenne Marion
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colin Volet
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Théo Nass
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eduard Vico-Oton
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Menin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rizlan Bernier-Latmani
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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126
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Sosnowski K, Przybyłkowski A. Ethanol-induced changes to the gut microbiome compromise the intestinal homeostasis: a review. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2393272. [PMID: 39224006 PMCID: PMC11376419 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2393272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the largest organ in terms of surface area in the human body. It is responsible not only for absorbing nutrients but also for protection against the external world. The gut microbiota is essential in maintaining a properly functioning intestinal barrier, primarily through producing its metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives. Ethanol overconsumption poses a significant threat to intestinal health. Not only does it damage the intestinal epithelium, but, maybe foremostly, it changes the gut microbiome. Those ethanol-driven changes shift its metabolome, depriving the host of the protective effect the physiological gut microbiota has. This literature review discusses the impact of ethanol consumption on the gut, the gut microbiota, and its metabolome, providing a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms through which ethanol disrupts intestinal homeostasis and discussing potential avenues for new therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Sosnowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Przybyłkowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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127
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Yang X, Li P, Zhuang J, Wu Y, Qu Z, Wu W, Wei Q. Identification of Molecular Targets of Bile Acids Acting on Colorectal Cancer and Their Correlation with Immunity. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:123-134. [PMID: 37917212 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids (BAs) are closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the specific mechanism is still unclear. AIMS To identify potential targets related to BAs in CRC and analyze the correlation with immunity. METHODS The expression of BAs and CRC-related genes in TCGA was studied and screened using KEGG. GSE71187 was used for external validation of differentially expressed genes. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and enzymatic cycling assays were used to detect the expression levels of the differentially expressed genes ki67 and BAs. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify genes associated with differential gene expression and immunity. The Cibersort algorithm was used to detect the infiltration of 22 kinds of immune cells in cancer tissues. The PPI network and ceRNA network were constructed to reveal the possible molecular mechanisms behind tumorigenesis. RESULTS The BA-related gene UGT2A3 is positively correlated with good prognoses in CRC. The expression level of UGT2A3 was negatively related to the BA level and positively related to the Ki67 proliferation index. The expression level of UGT2A3 was higher in the moderately differentiation and advanced stage (stage IV) of CRC. In addition, the expression level of UGT2A3 is correlated with CD8+ T cells. A PPI network related to UGT2A3 and T-cell immune-related genes was constructed. A ceRNA network containing 32 miRNA‒mRNA and 40 miRNA‒lncRNA regulatory pairs was constructed. CONCLUSION UGT2A3 is a potential molecular target of bile acids in the regulation of CRC and is related to T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinhang Wu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanbo Qu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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128
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Abdulazeez I, Ismail IS, Mohd Faudzi SM, Christianus A, Chong SG. Study on the acute toxicity of sodium taurocholate via zebrafish mortality, behavioral response, and NMR-metabolomics analysis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:115-130. [PMID: 37548163 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2242005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium taurocholate (NaT) is a hydrophobic bile salt that exhibits varying toxicity and antimicrobial activity. The accumulation of BSs during their entero-hepatic cycle causes cytotoxicity in the liver and intestine and could also alter the intestinal microbiome leading to various diseases. In this research, the acute toxicity of sodium taurocholate in different concentrations (3000 mg/L, 1500 mg/L, 750 mg/L, 375 mg/L, and 0 mg/L) was investigated on four months old zebrafish by immersion in water for 96 h. The results were determined based on the fish mortality, behavioral response, and NMR metabolomics analysis which revealed LC50 of 1760.32 mg/L and 1050.42 mg/L after 72 and 96 h treatment, respectively. However, the non-lethal NaT concentrations of 750 mg/L and 375 mg/L at 96 h exposure significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the total distance traveled and the activity duration, also caused surface respiration on the zebrafish. Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that the metabolome of the fish treated with 750 mg/L was discriminated from that of the control by PC1. Major significantly downregulated metabolites by NaT-induction include valine, isoleucine, 2-hydroxyvalerate, glycine, glycerol, choline, glucose, pyruvate, anserine, threonine, carnitine and homoserine. On the contrary, taurine, creatine, lactate, acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were upregulated suggesting cellular consumption of lipids, glucose and amino acids for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation during immune and inflammatory response. whereby these metabolites were released in the process. In conclusion, the research revealed the toxic effect of NaT and its potential to trigger changes in zebrafish metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isah Abdulazeez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Annie Christianus
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seok-Giok Chong
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
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Turner TA, Lehman P, Ghimire S, Shahi SK, Mangalam A. Game of microbes: the battle within - gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2387794. [PMID: 39114974 PMCID: PMC11313001 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the pathobiology of the disease. While human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have emerged as the strongest genetic factor, consensus on environmental risk factors are lacking. Recently, trillions of microbes residing in our gut (microbiome) have emerged as a potential environmental factor linked with the pathobiology of MS as PwMS show gut microbial dysbiosis (altered gut microbiome). Thus, there has been a strong emphasis on understanding the factors (host and environmental) regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and the mechanism(s) through which gut microbes contribute to MS disease, especially through immune system modulation. A better understanding of these interactions will help harness the enormous potential of the gut microbiota as a therapeutic approach to treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Ara Turner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Lehman
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Experimental Pathology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sudeep Ghimire
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shailesh K. Shahi
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mangalam
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Experimental Pathology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang X, Ma J, Xue S, Shentu D, Mao T, Li S, Yue M, Cui J, Wang L. The Role of Bile Acids in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:1005-1014. [PMID: 38284711 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096281168231215060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are well known to promote the digestion and absorption of fat, and at the same time, they play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism. More studies have found that bile acids such as ursodeoxycholic acid also have anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effects. Bile acids have been extensively studied in biliary and intestinal tumors but less in pancreatic cancer. Patients with pancreatic cancer, especially pancreatic head cancer, are often accompanied by biliary obstruction and elevated bile acids caused by tumors. Elevated total bile acid levels in pancreatic cancer patients usually have a poor prognosis. There has been controversy over whether elevated bile acids are harmful or beneficial to pancreatic cancer. Still, there is no doubt that bile acids are important for the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer. This article summarizes the research on bile acid as a biomarker and regulation of the occurrence, development and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer, hoping to provide some inspiration for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shengbai Xue
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Daiyuan Shentu
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tiebo Mao
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Oncology Department and State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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131
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Hadžić K, Gregor A, Auernigg-Haselmaier S, Longo V, Pignitter M, Duszka K. Restrictive diets have a beneficial impact on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in male mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:121-132. [PMID: 37952777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we assessed the impact of restrictive diets, including caloric restriction (CR), intermittent fasting (IF), or fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), on a healthy gastrointestinal tract. We revealed that each of the diets shows anti-inflammatory outcomes. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to verify the diets' applicability in treating colitis. METHODS We exposed a mouse model with mild chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis to ad libitum control feeding, CR, IF, or FMD. The collected samples were analyzed for markers of inflammation. RESULTS The diets reduced DSS-triggered increases in spleen weight and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Diet intervention also influenced occludin levels, small intestine morphology, as well as cytokine and inflammatory gene expression, mainly in the mucosa of the proximal colon. The diets did not reverse DSS-enhanced gut permeability and thickening of the colon muscularis externa. Concerning inflammatory gene expression, the impact of DSS and the dietary intervention was limited to the colon as we did not measure major changes in the jejunum mucosa, Peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Further, rather modest changes in the concentration of intestinal bile acids were observed in response to the diets, whereas taurine and its conjugates levels were strongly affected. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differences in the dietary protocol, the tested diets showed very similar impacts and, therefore, may be interchangeable when aiming to reduce inflammation in the colon. However, FMD showed the most consistent beneficial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajs Hadžić
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - András Gregor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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132
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Zhang H, Xie Y, Cao F, Song X. Gut microbiota-derived fatty acid and sterol metabolites: biotransformation and immunomodulatory functions. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2382336. [PMID: 39046079 PMCID: PMC11271093 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2382336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms in the human gut produce numerous metabolites by using small molecules derived from the host or diet as precursors. Host or dietary lipid molecules are involved in energy metabolism and maintaining the structural integrity of cell membranes. Notably, gut microbes can convert these lipids into bioactive signaling molecules through their biotransformation and synthesis pathways. These microbiota-derived lipid metabolites can affect host physiology by influencing the body's immune and metabolic processes. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the microbial transformation and host immunomodulatory functions of these lipid metabolites, with a special focus on fatty acids and steroids produced by our gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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134
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Zhao R, Ji Y, Chen X, Ma G, Yao H, Li J, Hu Q, Zhao L. Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides regulate lipid metabolism disorders in HFD-fed mice via bile acids metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127308. [PMID: 37832619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study demonstrated that the dynamic changes of gut microbiota mediated by Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP) could effectively regulate the lipid metabolism in high fat diet-fed (HFD-fed) obese mice model. In this paper, further research was carried out by examining the bile acid (BAs) profiles, as well as the BAs metabolic pathways changes in obese mice. Furthermore, the regulatory effect of BAs on lipid metabolism was verified by 3 T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation model. The FVP administration resulted in lower BAs content in plasma of obese mice. From the qRT-PCR analysis, FVP could relieve cholestasis in obese mice through altering the BAs metabolic pathways, changing the related genes expressions in mice liver and ileum. The cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were selected in cell experiment which all reduced the intracellular triglyceride content and increased the expression of AMPKα1 in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, CA and CDCA were found increased the expression of PPARα. In combination with our previous research, we further confirmed in this paper that the changes of BAs metabolism caused by FVP showed a positive effect on lipid metabolism, both in obese mice and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Science, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Nogal A, Alkis T, Lee Y, Kifer D, Hu J, Murphy RA, Huang Z, Wang-Sattler R, Kastenmüler G, Linkohr B, Barrios C, Crespo M, Gieger C, Peters A, Price J, Rexrode KM, Yu B, Menni C. Predictive metabolites for incident myocardial infarction: a two-step meta-analysis of individual patient data from six cohorts comprising 7897 individuals from the COnsortium of METabolomics Studies. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2743-2754. [PMID: 37706562 PMCID: PMC10757581 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Most metabolomics studies investigating metabolites predicting MI are limited by the participant number and/or the demographic diversity. We sought to identify biomarkers of incident MI in the COnsortium of METabolomics Studies. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 7897 individuals aged on average 66 years from six intercontinental cohorts with blood metabolomic profiling (n = 1428 metabolites, of which 168 were present in at least three cohorts with over 80% prevalence) and MI information (1373 cases). We performed a two-stage individual patient data meta-analysis. We first assessed the associations between circulating metabolites and incident MI for each cohort adjusting for traditional risk factors and then performed a fixed effect inverse variance meta-analysis to pull the results together. Finally, we conducted a pathway enrichment analysis to identify potential pathways linked to MI. On meta-analysis, 56 metabolites including 21 lipids and 17 amino acids were associated with incident MI after adjusting for multiple testing (false discovery rate < 0.05), and 10 were novel. The largest increased risk was observed for the carbohydrate mannitol/sorbitol {hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.40 [1.26-1.56], P < 0.001}, whereas the largest decrease in risk was found for glutamine [HR (95% CI) = 0.74 (0.67-0.82), P < 0.001]. Moreover, the identified metabolites were significantly enriched (corrected P < 0.05) in pathways previously linked with cardiovascular diseases, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS In the most comprehensive metabolomic study of incident MI to date, 10 novel metabolites were associated with MI. Metabolite profiles might help to identify high-risk individuals before disease onset. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and elaborate pathway findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nogal
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Taryn Alkis
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St, Suite E407, Houston, 77030 TX, USA
| | - Yura Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St, Suite E407, Houston, 77030 TX, USA
| | - Domagoj Kifer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jie Hu
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhe Huang
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüler
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Linkohr
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clara Barrios
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Crespo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jackie Price
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St, Suite E407, Houston, 77030 TX, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, Westminster Bridge Road, SE1 7EH London, UK
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Liu J, Tian R, Sun C, Guo Y, Dong L, Li Y, Song X. Microbial metabolites are involved in tumorigenesis and development by regulating immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290414. [PMID: 38169949 PMCID: PMC10758836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is symbiotic with the host and can create a variety of metabolites. Under normal conditions, microbial metabolites can regulate host immune function and eliminate abnormal cells in a timely manner. However, when metabolite production is abnormal, the host immune system might be unable to identify and get rid of tumor cells at the early stage of carcinogenesis, which results in tumor development. The mechanisms by which intestinal microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial tryptophan catabolites (MTCs), polyamines (PAs), hydrogen sulfide, and secondary bile acids, are involved in tumorigenesis and development by regulating immune responses are summarized in this review. SCFAs and MTCs can prevent cancer by altering the expression of enzymes and epigenetic modifications in both immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells. MTCs can also stimulate immune cell receptors to inhibit the growth and metastasis of the host cancer. SCFAs, MTCs, bacterial hydrogen sulfide and secondary bile acids can control mucosal immunity to influence the occurrence and growth of tumors. Additionally, SCFAs, MTCs, PAs and bacterial hydrogen sulfide can also affect the anti-tumor immune response in tumor therapy by regulating the function of immune cells. Microbial metabolites have a good application prospect in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors, and our review provides a good basis for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ruxian Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Caiyu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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Özdirik B, Schnabl B. Microbial Players in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Current Evidence and Concepts. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:423-438. [PMID: 38109970 PMCID: PMC10837305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare cholestatic liver disease with progressive biliary inflammation, destruction of the biliary tract, and fibrosis, resulting in liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. To date, liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment option for PSC. The precise etiology of PSC remains elusive, but it is widely accepted to involve a complex interplay between genetic predisposition, immunologic dysfunction, and environmental influence. In recent years, the gut-liver axis has emerged as a crucial pathway contributing to the pathogenesis of PSC, with particular focus on the role of gut microbiota. However, the role of the fungal microbiome or mycobiome has been overlooked for years, resulting in a lack of comprehensive studies on its involvement in PSC. In this review, we clarify the present clinical and mechanistic data and concepts concerning the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota in the context of PSC. This review sheds light on the role of specific microbes and elucidates the dynamics of bacterial and fungal populations. Moreover, we discuss the latest insights into microbe-altering therapeutic approaches involving the gut-liver axis and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Özdirik
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.
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138
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Jia X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Asakawa T. Multidirectional associations between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease, updated information from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1296713. [PMID: 38173790 PMCID: PMC10762314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse range of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which form a vast and complex ecosystem. It has been reported that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in regulating host neuroprotective function. Studies have shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and experiments involving germ-free mice and fecal microbiota transplantation from PD patients have revealed the pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in PD. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota in PD, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have also shown efficacy in treating PD. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease remains intricate. This study reviewed the association between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and PD from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. We found that the interactions among gut microbiota and PD are very complex, which should be "multidirectional", rather than conventionally regarded "bidirectional". To realize application of the gut microbiota-related mechanisms in the clinical setting, we propose several problems which should be addressed in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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139
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Mullowney MW, Fiebig A, Schnizlein MK, McMillin M, Rose AR, Koval J, Rubin D, Dalal S, Sogin ML, Chang EB, Sidebottom AM, Crosson S. Microbially-catalyzed conjugation of GABA and tyramine to bile acids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559407. [PMID: 37808758 PMCID: PMC10557584 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol-derived molecules that aid in digestion and nutrient absorption, regulate host metabolic processes, and influence physiology of the gut microbiota. Both the host and its microbiome contribute to enzymatic modifications that shape the chemical diversity of BAs in the gut. Several bacterial species have been reported to conjugate standard amino acids to BAs, but it was not known if bacteria conjugate BAs to other amine classes. Here, we show that Bacteroides fragilis strain P207, isolated from a bacterial bloom in the J-pouch of a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) pouchitis, conjugates standard amino acids and the neuroactive amines γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and tyramine to deoxycholic acid. We extended this analysis to other human gut isolates and identified species that are competent to conjugate GABA and tyramine to primary and secondary BAs, and further identified diverse BA-GABA and BA-tyramine amides in human stool. A longitudinal metabolomic analysis of J-pouch contents of the patient from whom B. fragilis P207 was isolated revealed highly reduced levels of secondary bile acids and a shifting BA amide profile before, during, and after onset of pouchitis, including temporal changes in several BA-GABA amides. Treatment of pouchitis with ciprofloxacin was associated with a marked reduction of nearly all BA amides in the J-pouch. Our study expands the known repertoire of conjugated bile acids produced by bacteria to include BA conjugates to GABA and tyramine and demonstrates that these molecules are present in the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Mullowney
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aretha Fiebig
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew K Schnizlein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary McMillin
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Amber R Rose
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jason Koval
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sushila Dalal
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ashley M Sidebottom
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, 900 E. 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sean Crosson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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140
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Feng L, Zhang Y, Liu W, Du D, Jiang W, Wang Z, Li N, Hu Z. Altered rumen microbiome and correlations of the metabolome in heat-stressed dairy cows at different growth stages. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0331223. [PMID: 37971264 PMCID: PMC10714726 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03312-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Heat stress is one of the main causes of economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide; however, the mechanisms associated with the metabolic and microbial changes in heat stress remain unclear. Here, we characterized both the changes in metabolites, rumen microbial communities, and their functional potential indices derived from rumen fluid and serum samples from cows at different growth stages and under different climates. This study highlights that the rumen microbe may be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by modulating the fatty acyl metabolites. Under heat stress, the changes in the metabolic status of growing heifers, heifers, and lactating cows were closely related to arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. Moreover, this study provides new markers for further research to understand the effects of heat stress on the physiological metabolism of Holstein cows and the time-dependent changes associated with growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dewei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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141
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Han YZ, Zheng HJ, Du BX, Zhang Y, Zhu XY, Li J, Wang YX, Liu WJ. Role of Gut Microbiota, Immune Imbalance, and Allostatic Load in the Occurrence and Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8871677. [PMID: 38094870 PMCID: PMC10719010 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8871677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevailing complication arising from diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, there are no trustworthy and efficacious treatment modalities currently available. In recent times, compelling evidence has emerged regarding the intricate correlation between the kidney and the gut microbiota, which is considered the largest immune organ within the human physique. Various investigations have demonstrated that the perturbation of the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites potentially underlie the etiology and progression of DKD. This phenomenon may transpire through perturbation of both the innate and the adaptive immunity, leading to a burdensome allostatic load on the body and ultimately culminating in the development of DKD. Within this literature review, we aim to delve into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the immune system in the context of DKD. Furthermore, we strive to explore and elucidate potential chemical interventions that could hold promise for the treatment of DKD, thereby offering invaluable insights and directions for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhen Han
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xuan Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yu Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yao Xian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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142
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Wu R, Xiong R, Li Y, Chen J, Yan R. Gut microbiome, metabolome, host immunity associated with inflammatory bowel disease and intervention of fecal microbiota transplantation. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103062. [PMID: 37246133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. The microbial communities play essential roles in host physiology, with profound effects on immune homeostasis, directly or via their metabolites and/or components. There are increasing clinical trials applying fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The restoration of dysbiotic gut microbiome is considered as one of the mechanisms of FMT therapy. In this work, latest advances in the alterations in gut microbiome and metabolome features in IBD patients and experimental mechanistic understanding on their contribution to the immune dysfunction were reviewed. Then, the therapeutic outcomes of FMT on IBD were summarized based on clinical remission, endoscopic remission and histological remission of 27 clinical trials retrieved from PubMed which have been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the results been published in the past 10 years. Although FMT is established as an effective therapy for both subtypes of IBD, the promising outcomes are not always achieved. Among the 27 studies, only 11 studies performed gut microbiome profiling, 5 reported immune response alterations and 3 carried out metabolome analysis. Generally, FMT partially restored typical changes in IBD, resulted in increased α-diversity and species richness in responders and similar but less pronounced shifts of patient microbial and metabolomics profiles toward donor profiles. Measurements of immune responses to FMT mainly focused on T cells and revealed divergent effects on pro-/anti-inflammatory functions. The very limited information and the extremely confounding factors in the designs of the FMT trials significantly hindered a reasonable conclusion on the mechanistic involvement of gut microbiota and metabolites in clinical outcomes and an analysis of the inconsistencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Rui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Junru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
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143
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Meade S, Liu Chen Kiow J, Massaro C, Kaur G, Squirell E, Bressler B, Lunken G. Gut microbiome-associated predictors as biomarkers of response to advanced therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2287073. [PMID: 38044504 PMCID: PMC10730146 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2287073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of response to therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has led to a surge in research focusing on precision medicine. Three systematic reviews have been published investigating the associations between gut microbiota and disease activity or IBD therapy. We performed a systematic review to investigate the microbiome predictors of response to advanced therapy in IBD. Unlike previous studies, our review focused on predictors of response to therapy; so the included studies assessed microbiome predictors before the proposed time of response or remission. We also provide an update of the available data on mycobiomes and viromes. We highlight key themes in the literature that may serve as future biomarkers of treatment response: the abundance of fecal SCFA-producing bacteria and opportunistic bacteria, metabolic pathways related to butyrate synthesis, and non-butyrate metabolomic predictors, including bile acids (BAs), amino acids, and lipids, as well as mycobiome predictors of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Meade
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- IBD Centre of BC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeremy Liu Chen Kiow
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- IBD Centre of BC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cristian Massaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Univerisity of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- IBD Centre of BC, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Univerisity of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Squirell
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- IBD Centre of BC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian Bressler
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- IBD Centre of BC, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Genelle Lunken
- IBD Centre of BC, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Univerisity of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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144
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Chen G, Hu X, Huang Y, Xiang X, Pan S, Chen R, Xu X. Role of the immune system in liver transplantation and its implications for therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e444. [PMID: 38098611 PMCID: PMC10719430 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) stands as the gold standard for treating end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet postoperative complications continue to impact survival rates. The liver's unique immune system, governed by a microenvironment of diverse immune cells, is disrupted during processes like ischemia-reperfusion injury posttransplantation, leading to immune imbalance, inflammation, and subsequent complications. In the posttransplantation period, immune cells within the liver collaboratively foster a tolerant environment, crucial for immune tolerance and liver regeneration. While clinical trials exploring cell therapy for LT complications exist, a comprehensive summary is lacking. This review provides an insight into the intricacies of the liver's immune microenvironment, with a specific focus on macrophages and T cells as primary immune players. Delving into the immunological dynamics at different stages of LT, we explore the disruptions after LT and subsequent immune responses. Focusing on immune cell targeting for treating liver transplant complications, we provide a comprehensive summary of ongoing clinical trials in this domain, especially cell therapies. Furthermore, we offer innovative treatment strategies that leverage the opportunities and prospects identified in the therapeutic landscape. This review seeks to advance our understanding of LT immunology and steer the development of precise therapies for postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanrong Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Yingchen Huang
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaonan Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Pan
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Ronggao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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145
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Abdelsalam NA, Hegazy SM, Aziz RK. The curious case of Prevotella copri. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2249152. [PMID: 37655441 PMCID: PMC10478744 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2249152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevotella copri is an abundant member of the human gastrointestinal microbiome, whose relative abundance has curiously been associated with positive and negative impacts on diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Yet, the verdict is still out on the definitive role of P. copri in human health, and on the effect of different diets on its relative abundance in the gut microbiome. The puzzling discrepancies among P. copri studies have only recently been attributed to the diversity of its strains, which substantially differ in their encoded metabolic patterns from the commonly used reference strain. However, such strain differences cannot be resolved by common 16S rRNA amplicon profiling methods. Here, we scrutinize P. copri, its versatile metabolic potential, and the hypotheses behind the conflicting observations on its association with diet and human health. We also provide suggestions for designing studies and bioinformatics pipelines to better research P. copri.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaimaa M. Hegazy
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramy K. Aziz
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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146
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Cao X, van Putten JP, Wösten MM. Campylobacter jejuni benefits from the bile salt deoxycholate under low-oxygen condition in a PldA dependent manner. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2262592. [PMID: 37768138 PMCID: PMC10540661 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2262592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric bacteria need to adapt to endure the antibacterial activities of bile salts in the gut. Phospholipase A (PldA) is a key enzyme in the maintenance of bacterial membrane homeostasis. Bacteria respond to stress by modulating their membrane composition. Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of human worldwide. However, the mechanism by which C. jejuni adapts and survives in the gut environment is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of PldA, bile salt sodium deoxycholate (DOC), and oxygen availability in C. jejuni biology, mimicking an in vivo situation. Growth curves were used to determine the adaptation of C. jejuni to bile salts. RNA-seq and functional assays were employed to investigate the PldA-dependent and DOC-induced changes in gene expression that influence bacterial physiology. Survival studies were performed to address oxidative stress defense in C. jejuni. Here, we discovered that PldA of C. jejuni is required for optimal growth in the presence of bile salt DOC. Under high oxygen conditions, DOC is toxic to C. jejuni, but under low oxygen conditions, as is present in the lumen of the gut, C. jejuni benefits from DOC. C. jejuni PldA seems to enable the use of iron needed for optimal growth in the presence of DOC but makes the bacterium more vulnerable to oxidative stress. In conclusion, DOC stimulates C. jejuni growth under low oxygen conditions and alters colony morphology in a PldA-dependent manner. C. jejuni benefits from DOC by upregulating iron metabolism in a PldA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P.M. van Putten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M.S.M. Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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147
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Ahmad R, Kumar B, Thapa I, Talmon GA, Salomon J, Ramer-Tait AE, Bastola DK, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Loss of claudin-3 expression increases colitis risk by promoting Gut Dysbiosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2282789. [PMID: 38010872 PMCID: PMC10730149 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2282789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of both the gut barrier and microbiota (dysbiosis) promotes susceptibility to and severity of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Leaky gut and dysbiosis often coexist; however, potential interdependence and molecular regulation are not well understood. Robust expression of claudin-3 (CLDN3) characterizes the gut epithelium, and studies have demonstrated a positive association between CLDN3 expression and gut barrier maturity and integrity, including in response to probiotics. However, the exact status and causal role of CLDN3 in IBD and regulation of gut dysbiosis remain unknown. Analysis of mouse and human IBD cohorts helped examine CLDN3 expression in IBD. The causal role was determined by modeling CLDN3 loss of expression during experimental colitis. 16S sequencing and in silico analysis helped examine gut microbiota diversity between Cldn3KO and WT mice and potential host metabolic responses. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) studies were performed to assess the role of gut dysbiosis in the increased susceptibility of Cldn3KO mice to colitis. A significant decrease in CLDN3 expression characterized IBD and CLDN3 loss of expression promoted colitis. 16S sequencing analysis suggested gut microbiota changes in Cldn3KO mice that were capable of modulating fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response. FMT from naïve Cldn3KO mice promoted colitis susceptibility in recipient germ-free mice (GFM) compared with GFM-receiving microbiota from WT mice. Our data demonstrate a critical role of CLDN3 in maintaining normal gut microbiota and inflammatory responses, which can be harnessed to develop novel therapeutic opportunities for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jeffrey Salomon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology and the Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Dhundy K. Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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148
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Xiang D, Yang J, Liu L, Yu H, Gong X, Liu D. The regulation of tissue-specific farnesoid X receptor on genes and diseases involved in bile acid homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115606. [PMID: 37812893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) facilitate the absorption of dietary lipids and vitamins and have also been identified as signaling molecules involved in regulating their own metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as immunity. Disturbances in BA homeostasis are associated with various enterohepatic and metabolic diseases, such as cholestasis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity. As a key regulator, the nuclear orphan receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) precisely regulates BA homeostasis by transcriptional regulation of genes involved in BA synthesis, metabolism, and enterohepatic circulation. FXR is widely regarded as the most potential therapeutic target. Obeticholic acid is the only FXR agonist approved to treat patients with primary biliary cholangitis, but its non-specific activation of systemic FXR also causes high-frequency side effects. In recent years, developing tissue-specific FXR-targeting drugs has become a research highlight. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of tissue-specific intestine/liver FXR in regulating genes involved in BA homeostasis and briefly discusses tissue-specific FXR as a therapeutic target for treating diseases. These findings provide the basis for the development of tissue-specific FXR modulators for the treatment of enterohepatic and metabolic diseases associated with BA dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hengyi Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuepeng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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149
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Deng C, Pan J, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:4308. [PMID: 38231771 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a pivotal mediator between diet and human health. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota may play an important role in cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we delve into five possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence cholesterol metabolism: (1) the gut microbiota changes the ratio of free bile acids to conjugated bile acids, with the former being eliminated into feces and the latter being reabsorbed back into the liver; (2) the gut microbiota can ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are absorbed and reach the liver where SCFAs inhibit cholesterol synthesis; (3) the gut microbiota can regulate the expression of some genes related to cholesterol metabolism through their metabolites; (4) the gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to coprostanol, with the latter having a very low absorption rate; and (5) the gut microbiota could reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which increases cholesterol synthesis and raises blood cholesterol. In addition, this review will explore the natural constituents in foods with potential roles in cholesterol regulation, mainly through their interactions with the gut microbiota. These include polysaccharides, polyphenolic entities, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. These findings will provide a scientific foundation for targeting hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Jingjin Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Zhong S, Liu F, Giniatullin R, Jolkkonen J, Li Y, Zhou Z, Lin X, Liu C, Zhang X, Liu Z, Lv C, Guo Q, Zhao C. Blockade of CCR5 suppresses paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain caused by increased deoxycholic acid. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113386. [PMID: 37948181 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel leads to peripheral neuropathy (paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy [PIPN]) in approximately 50% of cancer patients. At present, there are no effective treatment strategies for PIPN, the mechanisms of which also remain unclear. In this study, we performed microbiome and metabolome analysis of feces and serum from breast cancer patients with different PIPN grades due to paclitaxel treatment. Our analysis reveals that levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) are highly increased because of ingrowth of Clostridium species, which is associated with severe neuropathy. DCA, in turn, elevates serum level of C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) and induces CCL5 receptor 5 (CCR5) overexpression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) through the bile acid receptor Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability. Consistent with this, administration of CCR5 antagonist maraviroc suppresses the development of neuropathic nociception. These results implicate gut microbiota/bile acids/CCR5 signaling in the induction of PIPN, thus suggesting a target for PIPN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data for Neurological Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Fangxi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institution of Medicine Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data for Neurological Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xiuchun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data for Neurological Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Zhouyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data for Neurological Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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