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Szczepańska E, Białek-Dratwa A, Janota B, Kowalski O. Dietary Therapy in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)—Tradition or Modernity? A Review of the Latest Approaches to Nutrition in CVD. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132649. [PMID: 35807830 PMCID: PMC9268367 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cardiovascular diseases is undoubtedly influenced by improper dietary behavior. The most common mistakes include irregularity of meal consumption, high dietary atherogenicity: snacking on sweets between meals, low supply of dietary fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, legume seeds, and high supply of meat and meat products. Among many food components, some are characterized by a specific cardioprotective effect, which means that their supply of food may prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular disease or improve the health of the sick. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is one of the ingredients showing cardioprotective effects on the heart and blood vessels. Antioxidant and lipid profile-enhancing effects are also attributed to sitosterol which is one of the plant-derived sterols. A very important argument indicating the necessity of a varied diet rich in a variety of plant products is the beneficial effect of polyphenols, which are most abundant in multicolored vegetables and fruits. Numerous studies show their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure, improving lipid profile, and regeneration of vascular endothelium. The collected publications from the field of lifestyle medicine can be a source of knowledge for dieticians, physicians, and people associated with physical culture and human mental health to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases and reduce the risk of death from this cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Szczepańska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (O.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (O.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(0-32)-275-51-95
| | - Barbara Janota
- Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Oskar Kowalski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland; (E.S.); (O.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, ul. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Moos J, Moos Ł, Brzoza Z. Can smoking have a positive effect on the course of certain diseases? A systematic review. MEDICAL SCIENCE PULSE 2022. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking cigarettes is a process during which many harmful substances are introduced into the lungs and the influence of these substances on the human body is not completely known. There are many diseases caused by smoking. Interestingly, there are also reports of positive consequences of smoking on some disorders. Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to review the literature in regards to the diseases in which cigarettes might have a paradoxically beneficial effect — both on the onset and their course. We also want to focus on the mechanisms responsible for this impact. Material and Methods: Electronic searching of PubMed was performed. We analyzed articles published in the last 10 years with a particular emphasis on the most recent publications. Combinations of the following words were used: “smoking”, “nicotine”, and “autoimmune”. Publications were selected for reliability and non-bias. Results: A total of 69 articles out of 2979 qualified for the review. Only studies involving humans were included. The positive effect of smoking cigarettes is observed especially in immunological diseases. It is possible that it is mediated by both stimulating and suppressing the immune system. It is assumed that cigarettes can reduce the risk of developing certain diseases. Smoking might also have an impact on the course of different comorbidities in the same patient. Conclusions: There are many different mechanisms through which cigarette smoke and nicotine affect the human body. The harmful impact of these substances on one’s health has been demonstrated and their addictive component disqualifies them as remedies. Analysis of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of nicotine can lead to the search for new forms of therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Moos
- Department of Internal Diseases with Division of Diabetology, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Opole, Poland
| | - Łukasz Moos
- Department of Internal Diseases with Division of Allergology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Poland
| | - Zenon Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases with Division of Allergology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Poland
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Walicka M, Russo C, Baxter M, John I, Caci G, Polosa R. Impact of stopping smoking on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus: A scoping review. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:422-433. [PMID: 35800409 PMCID: PMC9210544 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i6.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this scoping review is to create a single narrative that describes the impact of smoking cessation on metabolic parameters in people with diabetes. It is generally well accepted that smoking enhances the harmful effects of elevated blood glucose levels, accelerating the vascular damage seen in patients with diabetes. Smoking cessation has clear benefits in terms of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, there is less evidence for the impact of smoking cessation on other diabetes-related complications. Studies in people with diabetes have shown improvement as well as temporary deterioration in glycemic control after ceasing smoking. Only a few studies have described the effect of quitting smoking on insulin resistance and lipid parameters, however, their results have been inconclusive. In this situation, healthcare professionals should not assume that cessation of smoking will improve metabolic parameters in patients with diabetes. It seems they should, first of all, emphasize the prevention of weight gain that may be associated with quitting smoking. The lack of data regarding the metabolic effects of smoking and smoking cessation in diabetes is very disappointing and this area needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Walicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey KT16 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Baxter
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey KT16 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac John
- Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey KT16 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Grazia Caci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina 98124, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
- Center of Excellence for The Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Cataia 95123, Italy
- Centre for The Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania 95123, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
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Shams-White MM, Brockton NT, Mitrou P, Kahle LL, Reedy J. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score and All-Cause, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk: A Longitudinal Analysis in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac096. [PMID: 35755938 PMCID: PMC9217081 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) published Cancer Prevention Recommendations in 2018 focused on modifiable lifestyle factors. Objectives The aim was to examine how adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations via the 2018 WCRF/AICR score is associated with risk for all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality outcomes among older US adults. Methods Baseline and follow-up questionnaire data (n = 177,410) were used to calculate weight, physical activity, and diet components of the 2018 WCRF/AICR score (0-7 total points). Adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were estimated, stratified by sex and smoking status. Results There were 16,055 deaths during a mean of 14.2 person-years. Each 1-point score increase was associated with a 9-26% reduced mortality risk for all outcomes, except for current male smokers' cancer mortality risk. When the score was categorized comparing highest (5-7 points) with lowest (0-2 points) scores, associations with reduced all-cause mortality risk were strongest in former smokers (HRmales: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.61; HRfemales: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.46), followed by current smokers (HRmales: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.89; HRfemales: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.59) and never smokers (HRmales: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.70; HRfemales: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.60). An association with cancer mortality risk was also seen in former smokers (HRmales: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.81; HRfemales: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.73) and female current (HRfemales: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.96) and never (HRfemales: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.80) smokers; findings were not statistically significant in other strata. For CVD mortality, highest compared with lowest scores were associated with a 49-73% risk reduction, except in male never and current smokers. In exploratory analysis, physical activity, body weight, alcohol, and plant-based foods were found to be predominant components in the score. Conclusions Greater 2018 WCRF/AICR scores were associated with lower mortality risk among older adults. Future research can explore how smoking modifies these relations, and further examine different populations and other cancer-relevant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M Shams-White
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Panagiota Mitrou
- World Cancer Research Fund International, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa L Kahle
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jill Reedy
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Arai H, Ueda S, Uchida K, Sakakibara F, Kinjo N, Nezu M, Morimoto T. Effect of current smoking on ischemic events in patients with atrial fibrillation taking vitamin K antagonist. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2022; 14:200135. [PMID: 36703862 PMCID: PMC9871989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2022.200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the association between current smoking and clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) prescribed vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Methods We conducted a retrospective study at 71 centers in Japan. The inclusion criterion was taking a VKA for AF. Exclusion criteria were mechanical heart valves or history of pulmonary thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis. Consecutive patients were registered in February 2013 and followed until February 2017. The primary outcomes included ischemic events and major bleedings. The secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and all-cause mortality. Results A total of 7826 patients were included, with a mean age of 73 years; 5274 (67%) were men. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of current smokers relative to non-current smokers for ischemic events and major bleedings were 1.64 (1.05-2.57) and 1.09 (0.72-1.65), respectively. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of current smokers relative to non-current smokers for ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and all-cause mortality were 1.65 (1.03-2.64), 0.52 (0.12-2.15), and 1.26 (0.83-1.92), respectively. Conclusions There were significant associations between current smoking and ischemic events or ischemic stroke in patients with AF on VKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Arai
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine, Toyonaka Heisei Hospital, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Uchida
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sakakibara
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Norito Kinjo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan,Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Mari Nezu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan,Corresponding author. Professor of Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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106
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Advanced Maternal Age and Its Association With Cardiovascular Disease in Later Life. Womens Health Issues 2022; 32:219-225. [PMID: 35058125 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fertility among women at advanced maternal age (AMA) is increasing at a rapid rate in the United States. Although much is known about the impact of older maternal age on the risk for proximate adverse pregnancy outcomes, it is unclear whether older maternal age affects subsequent health. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether AMA is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life, adjusting for important social and health factors related to maternal age. METHODS Data were obtained from the Nurses' Health Study II, a longitudinal prospective cohort study. We investigated whether women with an AMA first or subsequent birth were at higher risk for developing CVD (myocardial infarction or stroke) after age 42 than women without births at AMA. Cox proportional hazard models were estimated to evaluate this association, adjusting for demographic, fertility, and health characteristics. RESULTS A total of 5,471 women (7.7%) in the sample had a first birth at an AMA and 1,282 (1.8%) developed CVD at age 42 or older. Women with first births at AMA had a 26% lower unadjusted hazard of CVD than women not at an AMA during their first birth (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.95). This association was attenuated (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-1.05) and no longer significant after adjustment for covariates; the modest association remained significant for women with any AMA birth. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that AMA births were associated with increased risk for developing CVD later in life in this sample.
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Ali J, Rha SW, Choi BG, Byun JK, Choi SY, Cha JA, Park S, Lee K, Back S, Lee J, Kang DO, Choi JY, Roh SY, Na JO, Choi CU, Kim JW, Kim EJ, Park CG, Seo HS, Wasim M, Hassan Z. Impact of Drug-Eluting Stent-associated Coronary Artery Spasm on 3-Year Clinical Outcomes: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Indian Heart J 2022; 74:182-186. [PMID: 35576993 PMCID: PMC9243619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that significant endothelial dysfunction or clinically evident vasospasm can be associated with drug-eluting stents (DESs). However, the impact of DES associated coronary artery spasm (CAS) on long-term clinical outcomes has not been fully elucidated as compared with those of patients with vasospastic angina. Methods A total of 2797 consecutive patients without significant coronary artery lesion (<70%), who underwent the Acetylcholine (Ach) provocation test, were enrolled between Nov 2004 and Oct 2010. DES-associated spasm was defined as significant CAS in proximal or distal to previously implanted DES site at follow-up angiography with Ach test. Patients were divided into two groups (DES-CAS; n = 108, CAS; n = 1878). For adjustment, propensity score matching (PSM) was done (C-statistics = 0.766, DES-CAS; n = 102, CAS; n = 102). SPSS 20 (Inc., Chicago, Illinois) was used to analyze this data. Results Baseline characteristics were worse in the DES-CAS group. After PSM, both baseline characteristics and the Ach test results were balanced except higher incidence of diffuse CAS and ECG change in the DES-CAS group. During Ach test, the incidence of diffuse spasm (93.1% vs. 81.3%, p = 0.012) and ST-T change (10.7% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.010) were higher in the DES-CAS group. At 3-year, before and after adjustment, the DES-CAS group showed a higher incidence of coronary revascularization (9.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.001), recurrent chest pain requiring follow up coronary angiography (CAG, 24.5% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.001) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, 9.8% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.005). Conclusion In this study, DES associated CAS was associated with higher incidence of diffuse spasm, ST-T change and adverse 3-year clinical outcomes. Special caution should be exercised in this particular subset of patients.
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PERSİL ÖZKAN Ö, ERGİNBAŞ Ç. Koroner Arter Hastalarının Akdeniz Diyetine Bağlılık Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.1022939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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109
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Moshensky A, Brand CS, Alhaddad H, Shin J, Masso-Silva JA, Advani I, Gunge D, Sharma A, Mehta S, Jahan A, Nilaad S, Olay J, Gu W, Simonson T, Almarghalani D, Pham J, Perera S, Park K, Al-Kolla R, Moon H, Das S, Byun MK, Shah Z, Sari Y, Heller Brown J, Crotty Alexander LE. Effects of mango and mint pod-based e-cigarette aerosol inhalation on inflammatory states of the brain, lung, heart, and colon in mice. eLife 2022; 11:e67621. [PMID: 35411847 PMCID: PMC9005188 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While health effects of conventional tobacco are well defined, data on vaping devices, including one of the most popular e-cigarettes which have high nicotine levels, are less established. Prior acute e-cigarette studies have demonstrated inflammatory and cardiopulmonary physiology changes while chronic studies have demonstrated extra-pulmonary effects, including neurotransmitter alterations in reward pathways. In this study we investigated the impact of inhalation of aerosols produced from pod-based, flavored e-cigarettes (JUUL) aerosols three times daily for 3 months on inflammatory markers in the brain, lung, heart, and colon. JUUL aerosol exposure induced upregulation of cytokine and chemokine gene expression and increased HMGB1 and RAGE in the nucleus accumbens in the central nervous system. Inflammatory gene expression increased in the colon, while gene expression was more broadly altered by e-cigarette aerosol inhalation in the lung. Cardiopulmonary inflammatory responses to acute lung injury with lipopolysaccharide were exacerbated in the heart. Flavor-specific findings were detected across these studies. Our findings suggest that daily e-cigarette use may cause neuroinflammation, which may contribute to behavioral changes and mood disorders. In addition, e-cigarette use may cause gut inflammation, which has been tied to poor systemic health, and cardiac inflammation, which leads to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moshensky
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Cameron S Brand
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToledoToledoUnited States
| | - John Shin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Jorge A Masso-Silva
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Ira Advani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Deepti Gunge
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Sagar Mehta
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Arya Jahan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Sedtavut Nilaad
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Jarod Olay
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Daniyah Almarghalani
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToledoToledoUnited States
| | - Josephine Pham
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Samantha Perera
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Kenneth Park
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Rita Al-Kolla
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Hoyoung Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Min Kwang Byun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Zahoor Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToledoToledoUnited States
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToledoToledoUnited States
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine and Section of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD)San DiegoUnited States
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Zhu X, Yang K, Xiao Y, Ye C, Zheng J, Su B, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Shi K, Li C, Lu F, Qu J, Li M, Cui L. Association of cigarette smoking with retinal capillary plexus: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e1479-e1488. [PMID: 35396902 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between cigarette smoking and retinal capillary plexus (RCP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to examine whether potential vascular risk factors could impact their association. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, community-based study. The Jidong Eye Cohort Study included participants aged ≥18 years in the Jidong community (Tangshan city, northern China) from August 2019 to January 2020. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination and completed detailed smoking questionnaires. Retinal vessel density in the superficial and deep RCP was automatically measured using OCTA. RESULTS Of the 2598 participants included in the study, 2026 (78.0%) never smoked and 572 (22.0%) had a history of smoking (494 [19.0%] current smokers and 78 [3.0%] former smokers). The median (interquartile range) age was 41 (34-52) years for the non-smoking group and 45 (35-54.5) years for the smoking group. Multivariable analysis showed that smoking history is associated with a low deep RCP vessel density in the parafovea (β, -0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.82 to -0.24) and four quadrants. Increased smoking pack-years were associated with reduced deep RCP vessel density in the parafovea (p for trend <0.001) and four quadrants. The significant interaction between diabetes and smoking only was found for superficial RCP vessel density in the parafovea (p for interaction = 0.014) and four quadrants except for the temporal quadrants. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for reduced deep RCP vessel density. Our findings imply the potential detrimental effect of smoking on the occurrence of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Kai Yang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yunfan Xiao
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Cong Ye
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Binbin Su
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Keai Shi
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Fan Lu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Jia Qu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Ming Li
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Lele Cui
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
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Colloca A, Balestrieri A, Anastasio C, Balestrieri ML, D’Onofrio N. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Chronic Degenerative Diseases: New Metabolic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063212. [PMID: 35328633 PMCID: PMC8949044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) consisting of seven members, widely expressed in mammals. SIRTs mainly participate in metabolic homeostasis, DNA damage repair, cell survival, and differentiation, as well as other cancer-related biological processes. Growing evidence shows that SIRTs have pivotal roles in chronic degenerative diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most frequent malignant disease worldwide. Metabolic alterations are gaining attention in the context of CRC development and progression, with mitochondrion representing a crucial point of complex and intricate molecular mechanisms. Mitochondrial SIRTs, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4 and SIRT5, control mitochondrial homeostasis and dynamics. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the latest advances on the role of mitochondrial SIRTs in the initiation, promotion and progression of CRC. A deeper understanding of the pathways by which mitochondrial SIRTs control CRC metabolism may provide new molecular targets for future innovative strategies for CRC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Colloca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, U.O.C. Food Control and Food Safety, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Camilla Anastasio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5865
| | - Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (C.A.); (N.D.)
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Phimarn W, Sakhancord R, Saramunee K, Sungthong B. Efficacy of Vernonia cinerea (L) Less for smoking cessation: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernonia cinerea (VC) has been used for smoking cessation. A previous meta-analysis (MA) reported the efficacy of VC in smoking cessation. However, there have been updated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of VC for smoking cessation, and the previous MA lacked pooled adverse events (AEs) related to VC. The objective of this study was to systematically review and perform an updated MA on the efficacy of VC for smoking cessation continuous abstinence rate (CAR), prevalence abstinence (PAR), and AE. The research articles were retrieved via electronic databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Thai-Journal Citation Index Center (TCI), and ThaiLis. Ten RCTs published prior to 2019 were included in this study. The number of participants in the studies ranged from 35 to 172, and the follow-up duration for the primary outcomes was 2-12 weeks. Our updated MA found that VC could significantly improve CAR2 (RR=1.54; 95% CI = 1.06, 2.23), CAR4 (RR=1.65; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.17), CAR 8 (RR=1.85; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.75), CAR12 (RR=2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.95), and CAR16 (RR=2.21; 95% CI = 1.03, 4.73). Moreover, VC improved PAR2 (RR=1.47; 95% CI = 1.06, 2.04), PAR4 (RR=1.35; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.79), PAR8 (RR=1.60; 95% CI = 1.11, 2.31), and PAR12 (RR=1.70; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.30). There was no significant difference in the AE between the two groups. The study substantiates claims that VC products are effective in assisting with smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiraphol Phimarn
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham, Thailand, 44150
| | - Rotjanawat Sakhancord
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham, Thailand, 44150
| | - Kritsanee Saramunee
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham, Thailand, 44150
| | - Bunleu Sungthong
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Maha Sarakham, Thailand, 44150
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113
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Mauschitz MM, Finger RP. Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisiting the Common Soil Theory. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:94-99. [PMID: 35213420 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a complex disease associated with aging, remains one of the leading causes of visual loss in high-income countries and its prevalence is expected to increase over the next decades. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy has been considered a variant of neovascular AMD and is highly prevalent in Asian populations. Similarly, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-another complex disease associated with aging-is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries and its prevalence is also expected to increase due to population aging. Previous studies reported an increased risk for CVD in AMD patients, indicating an underlying "common soil." Reviewing the current literature, consistent evidence for common risk factors and mutual comorbidity was identified for both diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors include smoking, diet, and low levels of physical activity, which also play a role in AMD pathogenesis. Several studies demonstrated AMD patients to be at higher risk for CVD compared to the general older population. The complexity of both diseases, however, complicates research on their relation, and thus studies ought to be interpreted with caution. Herein we present an overview of selected studies and their main "take-home messages" on this topic, and hypothesize on the patho-etiologic "common ground" of these 2 diseases.
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114
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Ganson KT, Mitchison D, Rodgers RF, Cunningham ML, Murray SB, Nagata JM. Compulsive exercise among college students: 5-year time trends in prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:717-728. [PMID: 34024038 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide 5-year time trends in prevalence and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates of compulsive exercise among a national sample of college men and women. METHODS We analyzed 4 academic survey years (2016-2020; N = 8251) of the national (USA) Healthy Minds Study. Compulsive exercise was measured by self-report of any occurrence of "compulsive" exercise in the past 4 weeks. Unadjusted prevalence of compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks was estimated across the 4 survey years by sex. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted among the pooled sample and stratified by sex to estimate the associations between compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks and demographic, substance use, and mental health correlates. RESULTS Among the pooled sample, 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.60-12.42%) of men and 17% (95% CI 15.86-18.24%) of women reported compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks. Prevalence across the 4 survey years remained stable among men and women. Higher body mass index was associated with greater odds of any compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks among men, while any sports participation was associated with greater odds of any compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks among women. Compulsive exercise in the past 4 weeks was associated with greater odds of all mental health symptoms and illicit drug use among men and women, and higher odds of alcohol use among women. CONCLUSION Compulsive exercise is relatively common among college men and women and is associated with substance use behaviors and poor mental health symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Deborah Mitchison
- School of Medicine, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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115
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Alarabi AB, Lozano PA, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. The effect of emerging tobacco related products and their toxic constituents on thrombosis. Life Sci 2022; 290:120255. [PMID: 34953893 PMCID: PMC9118784 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional cigarette smoking is declining, emerging tobacco related products (ETRPs) are currently gaining ground, especially among the youth. These products include electronic cigarettes, waterpipes/hookah, cigars/cigarillo, smokeless tobacco, and heat-not-burn cigarettes. The observed increase in the use of ETRPs is multifactorial and complex but appears to be mainly driven by efforts from the major tobacco companies to reinvent themselves, and present more appealing and allegedly safe(r) tobacco products. However, it is becoming apparent that these products produce substantial amounts of toxic chemicals, many of which have been shown to exert negative health effects, including in the context of the cardiovascular system. Thus, there has been research efforts, albeit limited in general, to characterize the health impact of these products on occlusive/thrombotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this review, we will discuss the potential impact of ETRPs on thrombosis-based CVD. Specifically, we will review how these products and the major chemicals they produce and/or emit can trigger key players in the process of thrombosis, namely inflammation, oxidative stress, platelets, coagulation, and the vascular endothelium, and the relationship between these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed B Alarabi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Patricia A Lozano
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA.
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, USA.
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116
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Rastogi T, Girerd N, Lamiral Z, Bresso E, Bozec E, Boivin JM, Rossignol P, Zannad F, Ferreira JP. Impact of smoking on cardiovascular risk and premature ageing: Findings from the STANISLAS cohort. Atherosclerosis 2022; 346:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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El-Mahdy MA, Ewees MG, Eid MS, Mahgoup EM, Khaleel SA, Zweier JL. Electronic Cigarette Exposure Causes Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Due to NADPH Oxidase Activation and eNOS Uncoupling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H549-H567. [PMID: 35089811 PMCID: PMC8917923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00460.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a mouse model of chronic electronic cigarette (e-cig) exposure-induced cardiovascular pathology, where long-term exposure to e-cig vape (ECV) induces cardiac abnormalities, impairment of endothelial function, and systemic hypertension. Here, we delineate the underlying mechanisms of ECV-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED), a central trigger of cardiovascular disease. C57/BL6 male mice were exposed to ECV generated from e-cig liquid containing 0, 6, or 24 mg/ml nicotine for 16 and 60 weeks. Time-dependent elevation in blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance were observed, along with an impairment of acetylcholine-induced aortic relaxation in ECV-exposed mice, compared to air-exposed control. Decreased intravascular nitric oxide (NO) levels and increased superoxide generation with elevated 3-nitrotyrosine levels in the aorta of ECV-exposed mice were observed, indicating that ECV-induced superoxide reacts with NO to generate cytotoxic peroxynitrite. Exposure increased NADPH oxidase expression, supporting its role in ECV-induced superoxide generation. Downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and Akt-dependent eNOS phosphorylation occurred in the aorta of ECV-exposed mice, indicating that exposure inhibited de novo NO synthesis. Following ECV exposure, the critical NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin was decreased, with a concomitant loss of its salvage enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase. NADPH oxidase and NOS inhibitors abrogated ECV-induced superoxide generation in the aorta of ECV exposed mice. Together, our data demonstrate that ECV exposure activates NADPH oxidase and uncouples eNOS, causing a vicious cycle of superoxide generation and vascular oxidant stress that triggers VED and hypertension with predisposition to other cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mahmoud S Eid
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sahar A Khaleel
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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118
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Jodczyk AM, Kasiak PS, Adamczyk N, Gębarowska J, Sikora Z, Gruba G, Mamcarz A, Śliż D. PaLS Study: Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Usage among Polish University Students in the Context of Stress Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1261. [PMID: 35162281 PMCID: PMC8835269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and imposed restrictions were strong stress factors for young people, especially students. Increased alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes, usage of heated tobacco products, and other stimulants are common methods of coping with anxiety. However, they can have serious negative health effects. A survey consisting of 12 questions related to mental health and psychoactive substance taking habits was distributed among Polish students between 22 February 2021 and 3 April 2021. A total of 1323 participants met all inclusion criteria (nfemales = 1021, nmales = 297, nother gender = 5). The mean age was 22 years old (±4.17); 47.62% were medical university students. A total of 71.92% reported negative impact, 8.25% did not notice changes, and 12.58% declared a positive pandemic impact on their mental health. A total of 12.58% declared an increase, 70.22% did not see any differences, and 17.20% reported a decrease in their psychoactive substance usage tendency due to the pandemic. Worse perceived psychologic well-being was correlated with a higher tendency to use tobacco (p < 0.001) and alcohol (p < 0.001), and not with marijuana and products containing tetrahydrocannabinol (p = 0.136), and hard drugs (p = 0.799). The majority of participants declared a negative pandemic impact on mental health and did not report significant changes in psychoactive substance taking habits. Medical personnel should be aware of the current situation and apply for proper prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Monika Jodczyk
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
| | - Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
| | - Natalia Adamczyk
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-388 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Gębarowska
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-388 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zuzanna Sikora
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
| | - Grzegorz Gruba
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
| | - Artur Mamcarz
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-388 Warsaw, Poland;
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Śliż
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-388 Warsaw, Poland;
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
- School of Public Health, Postgraduate Medical Education Center, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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119
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Zhang J, Yu J, Dou J, Hu P, Guo Q. The Impact of Smoking on Subgingival Plaque and the Development of Periodontitis: A Literature Review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:751099. [PMID: 35048061 PMCID: PMC8757877 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.751099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking seriously affects oral health and causes a variety of oral diseases. Numerous clinical data show that smoking significantly increases the risk of periodontitis, and the duration and amount of smoking are positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. In fact, smoking creates an environment conducive to the colonization of periodontopathogens, which affects the process of periodontitis. Since subgingival plaque which harbors periodontopathogens is the initiation factor of periodontitis, it is critical to study the impact of smoking on subgingival microbiota for understanding the relationship between smoking and periodontitis. Continuous advances have been made on the understanding of effects of smoking on subgingival plaque and the development of periodontitis. Smoking is observed to enhance the pathogenicity of periodontopathogens, especially the red complex microorganisms, via promoting their colonization and infection, and regulating the expression and function of multiple virulence factors. Furthermore, smoking has a negative impact on periodontal microecological homeostasis, which is reflected in the decrease of commensal bacteria and the increase of periodontopathogens, as well as the changes in the interaction between periodontopathogens and their commensal microbes in subgingival biofilm, thus influencing the pathogenicity of the subgingival plaque. In summary, the mechanism of smoking on subgingival plaque microorganisms represented by the red complex and its effect on the periodontal microecology still need to be further explored. The relevant research results are of great significance for guiding the periodontal clinical treatment of smoking population. This review summarizes the effects and relevant mechanisms of smoking on subgingival plaque and the development of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialu Yu
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinge Dou
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mikellides G, Michael P, Psalta L, Stefani A, Schuhmann T, Sack AT. Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Smoking Cessation: Placebo Effects Equal to Active Stimulation When Using Advanced Placebo Coil Technology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:892075. [PMID: 35686190 PMCID: PMC9170940 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Smoking is currently one of the main public health problems. Smoking cessation is known to be difficult for most smokers because of nicotine dependence. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to be effective in the reduction of nicotine craving and cigarette consumption. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS; four sessions per day for 5 consecutive days) over the left DLPFC in smoking cessation, and we investigated whether the exposure to smoking-related cues compared to neutral cues during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) impacts treatment outcome. A double-blind, randomized, controlled study was conducted in which 89 participants (60 males and 29 females; age 45.62 ± 13.42 years) were randomly divided into three groups: the first group received active aiTBS stimulation while watching neutral videos, the second group received active aiTBS stimulation while watching smoking-related videos and the last group received sham stimulation while watching smoking-related videos. Our results suggest that aiTBS is a tolerable treatment. All treatment groups equally reduced cigarette consumption, nicotine dependence, craving and perceived stress. The effect on nicotine dependence, general craving and perceived stress lasted for at least 1 week after the end of treatment. Active aiTBS over the left DLPFC, combined with smoking related cues, is as effective as active aiTBS combined with neutral cues as well as placebo aiTBS in smoking cessation. These findings extend the results of previous studies indicating that TMS therapy is associated with considerably large placebo effects and that these placebo effects may be further increased when using advanced placebo coil technology. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05271175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Mikellides
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Cyprus rTMS Centre, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | | | - Lilia Psalta
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,School of Science, University of Central Lancashire, Larnaca, Cyprus
| | - Artemis Stefani
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Schuhmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Brain+Nerve Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
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121
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Raychaudhuri S, Dieli-Conwright CM, Cheng RK, Barac A, Reding KW, Vasbinder A, Cook KL, Nair V, Desai P, Simon MS. A review of research on the intersection between breast cancer and cardiovascular research in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Front Oncol 2022; 12:1039246. [PMID: 37025252 PMCID: PMC10071996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1039246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked to increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancers of the breast (post-menopausal), and other obesity-related cancers. Over the past 50 years, the worldwide prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome has increased, with a concomitant higher incidence of associated co-morbidities and mortality. The precise mechanism linking metabolic syndrome to increased cancer incidence is incompletely understood, however, individual components of metabolic syndrome have been linked to increased breast cancer incidence and worse survival. There is a bidirectional relationship between the risk of CVD and cancer due to a high burden of shared risk factors and higher rates of CVD among cancer survivors, which may be impacted by the pro-inflammatory microenvironment associated with metabolic syndrome and cancer-directed therapies. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) is an excellent resource to study a dual relationship between cancer and CVD (cardio-oncology) with extensive information on risk factors and long-term outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of research on cardio-oncology conducted utilizing WHI data with focus on studies evaluating both breast cancer and CVD including shared risk factors and outcomes after cancer. The review also includes results on other obesity related cancers which were included in the analyses of breast cancer, articles looking at cancer after heart disease (reverse cardio-oncology) and the role of Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) as a shared risk factor between CVD and cancer. A summary of pertinent WHI literature helps to delineate the direction of future research evaluating the relationship between CVD and other cancer sites, and provides information on the opportunity for other novel analyses within the WHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejata Raychaudhuri
- Department of Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sreejata Raychaudhuri,
| | | | - Richard K. Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ana Barac
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kerryn W. Reding
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alexi Vasbinder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Vidhya Nair
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Ascension Providence Hospital/Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Southfield, MI, United States
| | - Pinkal Desai
- Department of Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael S. Simon
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both men and women, yet adequate control of risk factors can largely reduce the incidence and recurrence of cardiac events. In this review, we discuss various life style and pharmacological measures for both the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. With a clear understanding of management options, health care providers have an excellent opportunity to educate patients and ameliorate a significant burden of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Short
- Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California,St Bernadine Medical Center, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, San Bernardino, California
| | - Van T. La
- Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California,St Bernadine Medical Center, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, San Bernardino, California
| | - Mandira Patel
- Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California,St Bernadine Medical Center, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, San Bernardino, California
| | - Ramdas G. Pai
- Cardiology, University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California,St Bernadine Medical Center, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, San Bernardino, California,Address for correspondence Ramdas G. Pai, MD UCR School of MedicineRiversideCalifornia
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Ferreira MJ, Luís Castedo J, Mota M, Carvalho D. Characterization of a transgender population in Portugal. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2021; 83:35-39. [PMID: 34871600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender dysphoria (GD) is a condition in which the individual's gender identity does not correspond to their biological sex, causing significant distress. Biological males who identify as females are referred to as transgender females or as showing male-to-female GD (MtF GD) and biological females who identify as males are referred to as transgender males or as showing female-to-male GD (FtM GD). In our center, there is a multidisciplinary consultation to approach and follow patients with GD. AIM We aimed to analyze the characteristics of the individuals who attend this consultation. METHODS Retrospective study of individuals attending the Sexual Medicine Group Consultation. Age, comorbidities, symptom onset, and hormonal and surgical treatment were analyzed. RESULTS 114 patients were diagnosed with GD: 68.4% FtM GD and 31.6% MtF GD. Median age was 30.2±12 years. 63.2% reported symptom onset in childhood: 14.9% between 10 and 18 years, and 4.4% later than 18 years. Median age at treatment initiation was 23.1±7.1 years. Several individuals had concomitant medical conditions, notably smoking (n=37; 32.5%) and depression (n=26; 22.3%). The majority of (92.3% FtM GD and 88.9% MtF GD) were under hormone treatment, and about one-third had undergone some sex reassignment surgery. DISCUSSION We found higher prevalence of FtM than MtF, in contrast with most other studies. The reasons for this are not clear. A high percentage of our patients were self-medicated. Other characteristics were similar to those previously reported. CONCLUSION Medical requests by individuals with GD are increasing worldwide. To our knowledge, this is the first study to portray a case series in a consultation center dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of individuals with GD in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Ferreira
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Luís Castedo
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Mota
- Department of Psychiatry of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E, Porto, Portugal
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism of Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde of Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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The Value of CTA Based on Gold Nanorod Contrast Agent in Coronary Artery Diagnosis and Plaque Property Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5799133. [PMID: 34819991 PMCID: PMC8608500 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5799133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronary CT angiography (CTA) with the characteristics of noninvasive and simple operation is widely used in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis. The choice of contrast agent exerts an important impact on the imaging quality of CTA. Conventional iodine contrast agents are easily excreted by the kidneys, from which the imaging window is short, and the imaging quality is poor. Metal nanomaterials have unique optical properties and have broad application prospects in imaging. Our aim is to explore the value of gold nanorod contrast agent in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. A gold nanorod suspension was first prepared, and the prepared gold nanorod was uniform and had good dispersibility. It can be seen from the light absorption curve that there are two obvious peaks on the UV absorption peak of the gold nanorods. The gold nanorods were cultured in different solutions, and it was found that the particle size of the gold nanorods did not change significantly within 72 hours, indicating that the prepared gold nanorods had good stability. When observing the damage degree of mouse kidney tissue, it was shown that the damage degree of gold nanorod contrast agent to mouse kidney tissue was less than that of iodine contrast agent. The above results indicate that the gold nanorod contrast agent has good stability and safety. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the gold nanorod contrast agent has high value in the diagnosis of coronary arteries and the analysis of plaque properties.
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Liao K, Lv DY, Yu HL, Chen H, Luo SX. iNOS regulates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the sGC/cGMP/PKG/TACE/TNF-α axis in response to cigarette smoke resulting in aortic endothelial pyroptosis and vascular dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108334. [PMID: 34768128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke (CS) is associated with vascular injury and dysfunction, which may be mediated by iNOS and NLRP3. However, the exact mechanism is unknown. METHODS iNOS-knockout and NLRP3-knockout C57BL/6 mice were exposed to air or CS. The vascular structure was examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The vascular tension was measured by a vascular reactivity assay. The expression of iNOS, NLRP3, caspase-1p20, IL-1β and eNOS were measured by western blotting. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were exposed to L-NIL (iNOS inhibitor), MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor), ODQ (sGC inhibitor), KT5823 (PKG inhibitor) or TAPI-1 (TACE/ADAM17 inhibitor) for 1 h prior to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) treatment. The cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase activity were assessed and pyroptosis was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, and protein expression of iNOS, active-TACE, NLRP3, caspase-1p20, IL-1β, and eNOS were measured. RESULTS CS resulted in shrinkage of endothelial cells, impaired aorta relaxation, reduced eNOS expression, and induced expression of iNOS, NLRP3, caspase-1p20 and IL-1β, which could be prevented by knockdown of iNOS and NLRP3. CSE reduced cell viability, induced LDH release and pyroptosis, and promoted iNOS, NLRP3, caspase-1p20, and IL-1β expression and reduced eNOS reduction, which could be reversed by inhibition of iNOS or NLRP3 in HAECs. Altogether, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by iNOS in CS-exposed HAECs may be mediated by the sGC/cGMP/PKG/TACE/TNF- α pathway. CONCLUSION These results link iNOS to NLRP3 in CSE-stimulated HAECs through the sGC/cGMP/PKG/TACE/TNF-α pathway. The findings identify a mechanism through which iNOS and NLRP3 contribute to the pathogenesis of CS-induced pyroptosis and impaired aorta relaxation in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ding-Yi Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui-Lin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Su-Xin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Saz-Lara A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Sequí-Domínguez I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Notario-Pacheco B, Cavero-Redondo I. The effect of smoking and smoking cessation on arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2021; 21:297-306. [PMID: 34741612 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS One of the most important mechanisms by which smoking contributes to cardiovascular disease is endothelial dysfunction, including arterial stiffness. However, the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on arterial stiffness remain unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on arterial stiffness in the adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS Random effects models were used to compute pooled estimates of effect size (ES) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and %change in pulse wave velocity (PWv) (m/s) for the acute and chronic effect of smoking and smoking cessation, and for the effect of smoking cessation vs. the pooled ES estimate for the effect of smoking cessation vs. maintaining this behaviour. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Smoking cessation decreased the PWv (ES -0.52, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.03, 3.5% m/s) compared to those maintaining this behaviour. Pooled estimates of both smoking conventional cigarettes and vaping significantly increased the PWv (ES 0.68, 95% CI 0.39-0.98, 10.0% m/s; and ES 0.37, 95% CI 0.14-0.61, 4.7% m/s, respectively). In addition, smoking cessation was effective in reducing arterial stiffness but only in healthy subjects (ES -0.95, 95% CI -1.85 to -0.05, -6.7% m/s). The chronic effect of smoking showed non-significant results on arterial stiffness. CONCLUSION Our results show that arterial stiffness levels decrease after smoking cessation. These findings are of clinical importance, as smoking cessation partially reverses the effects of smoking on arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Saz-Lara
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Irene Sequí-Domínguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.,Rehabilitation in Health Research Center (CIRES), Universidad de las Americas, Santiago, Chile
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127
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Abdel-Rahman O. Disparities in modifiable cancer risk factors among Canadian provinces, territories, and health regions. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:1973-1989. [PMID: 34414833 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1971184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about small area estimates of cancer risk factors are difficult to obtain in Canada. The current study aims to provide an assessment of the prevalence of different behavioral risk factors of cancer at the level of Canadian provinces/territories and sub provincial health regions/units. METHODS Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) datasets for 2017/2018 were reviewed and adult participants (≥ 18 years old) were included. Baseline demographic data and health behaviors (including ever-smoking, current smoking, alcohol drinking in the past 12 months, below-recommended physical activity, and obesity) were reviewed. Prevalence of each of these behaviors within different provinces/territories as well as within each health region was reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then done to examine the association between place of residence and cancer risk factors. RESULTS A total of 104,636 adult participants were included in the current analysis. For ever-smoking, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (79.7%); for current smoking, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (67.2%); for alcohol drinking in the past 12 months, the highest prevalence was noted in Quebec (89.3%); for below-recommended physical activity, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (51.3%); for obesity, the highest prevalence was noted in Northwest territories (31.5%). Compared to individuals living within a territory, individuals living within a province were less likely to ever smoke (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.54-0.71), currently smoke (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.45-0.59), be obese (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95), but more likely to drink alcohol in the past 12 months (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65). There is no difference between both categories with regards to physical activity (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.89-1.15). CONCLUSIONS There is a general province/territory disparity in the prevalence of different modifiable cancer risk factors as well as disparity between individual provinces/health regions in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
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Gagnon LR, Sadasivan C, Perera K, Oudit GY. Cardiac Complications of Common Drugs of Abuse: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Management. Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:1331-1341. [PMID: 34737034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications from drugs of abuse are becoming more apparent due to increased usage worldwide. Substance abuse can cause both acute and chronic cardiovascular complications and is increasing in prevalence especially in young adults. These substances contribute to the development of acute coronary syndrome, type II myocardial injury, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies and have numerous other cardiovascular complications. Although no screening guidelines exist, clinical awareness of these potential complications and their prevention, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment are critically important. Management of cardiovascular disease should be coupled with appropriate social and mental health interventions to provide sustained clinical benefit. The higher the number of substances used recreationally, the greater the risk of premature heart disease. Epidemiological studies showed that 1 in 5 young adults misuse several substances and often start using at younger ages with a greater risk for adverse health outcomes over the long-term. The aim of this review is to highlight the basic epidemiology, cardiac complications, and disease-specific treatment options of commonly abused substances including methamphetamine, cocaine, alcohol, anabolic-androgenic steroids, cannabis, and tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Gagnon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chandu Sadasivan
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Perera
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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129
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Podzolkov VI, Bragina AE, Druzhinina NA, Mohammadi LN. E-cigarette Smoking (Vaping) and Markers of Vascular Wall Damage in Young Subjects without Cardiovascular Disease. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-08-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: to investigate the effect of nicotine-containing vapes in comparison with traditional tobacco smoking on markers of vascular wall damage: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), albuminuria (AU), and ankle-brachial index (ABI).Material and Methods: We examined 369 young subjects without cardiovascular diseases (age median 21 [20;21] years) (159 men and 210 women). The hsCRP levels in the serum were assessed by immunochromatographic express method. AU was investigated in daily urine by a quantitative reflex photometry. ABI was determined by plethysmography.Results: All subjects were divided into groups: non-smokers (n=196, 53.1%), smokers of traditional cigarettes (n=83, 22.5%) and smokers of nicotine-containing vapes (n=90, 24.4%). The groups did not differ in main anthropometric data. Median hsCRP levels in smokers (14.30 [11; 16.5] mg/l in tobacco-smokers and 13.15 [9.65; 17.5] mg/l in vapers) were significantly higher vs nonsmokers (3.0 [2; 5.6] mg/l). In tobacco-smokers (33.0 [21.5; 60] mg) and vape smokers (45.0 [20; 115] mg), the median AU was statistically significantly higher than in non-smokers (12.0 [10; 20] mg). ABI levels were significantly lower in the groups of tobacco smokers (0.98 [0.91; 0.99]) and vapers (0.85 [0.79; 0.93]) when compared with nonsmokers (1.125 [1.01; 1.18]), and the median ABI in vapers was lower than in tobacco smokers (p<0.001). In the group of tobacco smokers, the hsCRP level correlated with the smoker's index (rs=0.31, p<0.05), and AU (rs=0.54, p<0.05) and ABI (rs=-0.28, p<0.05) with a daily inhaled nicotine dose. In the group of vapers, CRP was associated with smoking experience (rs=0.338, p<0.05), AU with a daily inhaled nicotine dose (rs=0.79, p<0.05), and ABI with BMI (rs=-0.33, p<0.05), heart rate (rs=-0.24, p<0.05) and smoking experience (rs=-0.235, p<0.05). According to the results of multivariate regression analysis the hsCRP level was related with only the smoking experience (B=0.91±0.19, p=0.000005), AU level with the daily inhaled nicotine dose (B=1.59±0.7, p=0.0121) and smoking experience (B=3.07±1.23, p=0.0179), and ABI level with only smoking experience (B=-0.09±0.004, p=0.0419).Conclusion: In smokers, both traditional and vapers, the levels of hsCRP, AU are significantly higher, and the ABI is lower than in healthy young nonsmokers. The most significant influence on the level of hsCRP is exerted by the experience of tobacco and vape smoking; to the AU level – the experience of tobacco and vaping and the daily inhaled nicotine dose, and by the value of the ABI – the experience of vaping.
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Álvarez-Mon MA, Chaowen C, Ruiz-Grande F, Pekarek L, Monserrat J, Asúnsolo A, García-Honduvilla N, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J. Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3239. [PMID: 34362022 PMCID: PMC8348673 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, such as venous ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are the most common manifestation of CVD. The explicit mechanisms of the disease are not well-understood. It seems that genetics and a plethora of environmental agents play an important role in the development and progression of CVD. The exposure to these factors leads to altered hemodynamics of the venous system, described as ambulatory venous hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, venous wall remodeling, and epigenetic variations, even with important systemic implications. Thus, a proper clinical management of patients with CVD is essential to prevent potential harms of the disease, which also entails a significant loss of the quality of life in these individuals. Hence, the aim of the present review is to collect the current knowledge of CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors, but emphasizing the pathophysiology and medical care of these patients, including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments. Furthermore, future directions will also be covered in this work in order to provide potential fields to explore in the context of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Chen Chaowen
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
| | - Fernando Ruiz-Grande
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases—Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (C.C.); (L.P.); (J.M.); (N.G.-H.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
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Tobacco and Nervous System Development and Function-New Findings 2015-2020. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060797. [PMID: 34208753 PMCID: PMC8234722 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco is a one of the most common addictive stimulants used by people around the world. The smoke generated during tobacco combustion is a toxic mixture of more than 5000 chemicals of which over 30 are known human carcinogens. While its negative effects on the human body are well understood, it remains a serious public health problem. One of the multiple effects of smoking is tobacco’s effect on the nervous system—its development and function. This review aims to summarize the progress made in research on the effects of tobacco on the nervous system both of the perinatal period and adults and both in animals and humans in 2015–2020. The 1245 results that corresponded to the keywords “tobacco, cigarette, nervous system, brain, morphology, function” were reviewed, of which 200 abstracts were considered significant. Most of those articles broadened the knowledge about the negative effects of smoking on the human nervous system. Tobacco has a significant negative impact on the development of nervous structures, neurotransmission and cognitive functions, and promotes the development of neurodegenerative diseases, insomnia and cerebrovascular diseases. The only exception is the protective effect of the dopaminergic system in Parkinson’s disease. In conclusion, in recent years much effort has been devoted to describing, revealing and uncovering new aspects of tobacco detrimental to human life. The nicotine contained in tobacco smoke affects the human body in a multidimensional way, including a serious impact on the broadly understood neurological health.
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Häfner SJ. This is not a pipe - But how harmful is electronic cigarette smoke. Biomed J 2021; 44:227-234. [PMID: 34091092 PMCID: PMC8358191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This issue of the Biomedical Journal tells us about the risks of electronic cigarette smoking, variations of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, and how COVID-19 affects the gastrointestinal system. Moreover, we learn that cancer immunotherapy seems to work well in elderly patients, how thyroid hormones regulate noncoding RNAs in a liver tumour context, and that G6PD is a double-edged sword of redox signalling. We also discover that Perilla leaf extract could inhibit SARS-CoV-2, that artificial neural networks can diagnose COVID-19 patients and predict vaccine epitopes on the Epstein-Barr Virus, and that men and women have differential inflammatory responses to physical effort. Finally, the surgical strategies for drug-resistant epilepsy, computer-supervised double-jaw surgery, dental pulp stem cell motility, and the restitution of the brain blood supply after atherosclerotic stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Julia Häfner
- University of Copenhagen, BRIC Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Lund Group, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Silva H. Tobacco Use and Periodontal Disease-The Role of Microvascular Dysfunction. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:441. [PMID: 34067557 PMCID: PMC8156280 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease consists in highly prevalent wide-ranging inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting apparatus of teeth. Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for periodontal disease as it increases disease severity and periodontal surgery complications. Tobacco use is harmful for the vasculature by causing microvascular dysfunction, which is known to negatively affect periodontal disease. To the author's knowledge this paper is the first comprehensive review on the mechanisms by which tobacco use affects oral microcirculation and impacts the pathophysiology of periodontal disease. In healthy subjects, acute nicotine administration or tobacco use (smoking/smokeless forms) increases the blood flow in the oral mucosa due to local irritation and increased blood pressure, which overcome neural- and endocrine-mediated vasoconstriction. Chronic tobacco smokers display an increased gingival microvascular density, which is attributed to an increased capillary recruitment, however, these microcirculatory units show higher tortuosity and lower caliber. These morphological changes, together with the repetitive vasoconstrictive insults, contribute to lower gingival perfusion in chronic smokers and do not completely regress upon smoking cessation. In periodontal disease there is considerable gingival inflammation and angiogenesis in non-smokers which, in chronic smokers, are considerably suppressed, in part due to local immune suppression and oxidative stress. Tobacco exposure, irrespective of the form of use, causes long-term microvascular dysfunction that increases the risk of complications due to the natural disease course or secondary therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
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Baillargeon J, Polychronopoulou E, Kuo YF, Raji MA. The Impact of Substance Use Disorder on COVID-19 Outcomes. Psychiatr Serv 2021; 72:578-581. [PMID: 33138712 PMCID: PMC8089118 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine the impact of substance use disorder on the risk of hospitalization, complications, and mortality among adult patients diagnosed as having COVID-19. METHODS The authors conducted a propensity score (PS)-matched double-cohort study (N=5,562 in each cohort) with data from the TriNetX Research Network database to identify 54,529 adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed as having COVID-19 between February 20 and June 30, 2020. RESULTS Primary analysis (PS matched on demographic characteristics and presence of diabetes and obesity) showed that substance use disorder was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]=1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.69-2.01), ventilator use (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.22-1.72), and mortality (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.08-1.56). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that COVID-19 patients with substance use disorders are at increased risk for adverse outcomes. The attenuation of ORs in the model that matched for chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases associated with substance abuse suggests that the observed risks may be partially mediated by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Baillargeon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health (all authors), and Department of Internal Medicine (Kuo, Raji), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Efstathaia Polychronopoulou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health (all authors), and Department of Internal Medicine (Kuo, Raji), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health (all authors), and Department of Internal Medicine (Kuo, Raji), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Mukaila A Raji
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health (all authors), and Department of Internal Medicine (Kuo, Raji), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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Kim YH, Kang MK, Lee EJ, Kim DY, Oh H, Kim SI, Oh SY, Na W, Shim JH, Kang IJ, Kang YH. Astragalin Inhibits Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Thrombosis and Alveolar Inflammation and Disrupts PAR Activation and Oxidative Stress-Responsive MAPK-Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3692. [PMID: 33916310 PMCID: PMC8036420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence shows that smoking causes a thrombophilic milieu that may play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as pulmonary thromboembolism. The increased nicotine level induces a prothrombotic status and abnormal blood coagulation in smokers. Since several anticoagulants increase bleeding risk, alternative therapies need to be identified to protect against thrombosis without affecting hemostasis. Astragalin is a flavonoid present in persimmon leaves and green tea seeds and exhibits diverse activities of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. The current study investigated that astragalin attenuated smoking-induced pulmonary thrombosis and alveolar inflammation. In addition, it was explored that molecular links between thrombosis and inflammation entailed protease-activated receptor (PAR) activation and oxidative stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-signaling. BALB/c mice were orally administrated with 10-20 mg/kg astragalin and exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks. For the in vitro study, 10 U/mL thrombin was added to alveolar epithelial A549 cells in the presence of 1-20 µM astragalin. The cigarette smoking-induced the expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2 in lung tissues, which was attenuated by the administration of ≥10 mg/kg astragalin. The oral supplementation of ≥10 mg/kg astragalin to cigarette smoke-challenged mice attenuated the protein induction of urokinase plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1and tissue factor, and instead enhanced the induction of tissue plasminogen activator in lung tissues. The astragalin treatment alleviated cigarette smoke-induced lung emphysema and pulmonary thrombosis. Astragalin caused lymphocytosis and neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid due to cigarette smoke but curtailed infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in airways. Furthermore, this compound retarded thrombin-induced activation of PAR proteins and expression of inflammatory mediators in alveolar cells. Treating astragalin interrupted PAR proteins-activated reactive oxygen species production and MAPK signaling leading to alveolar inflammation. Accordingly, astragalin may interrupt the smoking-induced oxidative stress-MAPK signaling-inflammation axis via disconnection between alveolar PAR activation and pulmonary thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (M.-K.K.); (E.-J.L.); (D.Y.K.); (H.O.); (S.-I.K.); (S.Y.O.); (W.N.); (J.-H.S.); (I.-J.K.)
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Mao C, Li D, Zhou E, Zhang J, Wang C, Xue C. Nicotine exacerbates atherosclerosis through a macrophage-mediated endothelial injury pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7627-7643. [PMID: 33626512 PMCID: PMC7993665 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that nicotine intake promotes atherosclerosis. We enrolled 100 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and found that plaque burden, TXNIP expression, and inflammatory chemokine levels were higher in smokers than non-smokers. Additionally, patients with higher TXNIP expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) had a higher Gensini Scores and higher plasma IL-1β and IL-18 levels. Treating bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with nicotine in vitro led to enhanced lipid phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and promoted pyroptosis, as evidenced by caspase-1 cleavage and increased production of IL-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin D. Nicotine intake by ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet recapitulated those phenotypes. The effects of nicotine on pyroptotic signaling were reversed by N-acetyl-cysteine, a ROS scavenger. Silencing TXNIP in vivo reversed the effects of nicotine on macrophage invasion and vascular injury. Nicotine also induced pyroptotic macrophages that contributed to the apoptotic death of endothelial cells. These findings suggest that nicotine accelerates atherosclerosis in part by promoting macrophage pyroptosis and endothelial damage. Therefore, targeting the TXNIP/NLRP3-mediated pyroptotic pathway in macrophages may ameliorate nicotine-induced endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChengYu Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - DongJiu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - En Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - JunFeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - ChangQian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
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Jones MA, MacCuaig WM, Frickenstein AN, Camalan S, Gurcan MN, Holter-Chakrabarty J, Morris KT, McNally MW, Booth KK, Carter S, Grizzle WE, McNally LR. Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:152. [PMID: 33557374 PMCID: PMC7914540 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases include a wide variety of highly prevalent conditions with high mortality rates in severe cases ranging from cardiovascular disease, to rheumatoid arthritis, to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to graft vs. host disease, to a number of gastrointestinal disorders. Many diseases that are not considered inflammatory per se are associated with varying levels of inflammation. Imaging of the immune system and inflammatory response is of interest as it can give insight into disease progression and severity. Clinical imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are traditionally limited to the visualization of anatomical information; then, the presence or absence of an inflammatory state must be inferred from the structural abnormalities. Improvement in available contrast agents has made it possible to obtain functional information as well as anatomical. In vivo imaging of inflammation ultimately facilitates an improved accuracy of diagnostics and monitoring of patients to allow for better patient care. Highly specific molecular imaging of inflammatory biomarkers allows for earlier diagnosis to prevent irreversible damage. Advancements in imaging instruments, targeted tracers, and contrast agents represent a rapidly growing area of preclinical research with the hopes of quick translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Jones
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - William M. MacCuaig
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Alex N. Frickenstein
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Seda Camalan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.C.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.C.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Jennifer Holter-Chakrabarty
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Katherine T. Morris
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Molly W. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Kristina K. Booth
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Steven Carter
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Potential Role of Melatonin as an Adjuvant for Atherosclerotic Carotid Arterial Stenosis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040811. [PMID: 33557283 PMCID: PMC7914857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is an atherosclerotic disease characterized by a narrowing of the artery lumen and a high risk of ischemic stroke. Risk factors of atherosclerosis, including smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, aging, and disrupted circadian rhythm, may potentiate atherosclerosis in the carotid artery and further reduce the arterial lumen. Ischemic stroke due to severe CAS and cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury after the revascularization of CAS also adversely affect clinical outcomes. Melatonin is a pluripotent agent with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and neuroprotective properties. Although there is a shortage of direct clinical evidence demonstrating the benefits of melatonin in CAS patients, previous studies have shown that melatonin may be beneficial for patients with CAS in terms of reducing endothelial damage, stabilizing arterial plaque, mitigating the harm from CAS-related ischemic stroke and cerebral I/R injury, and alleviating the adverse effects of the related risk factors. Additional pre-clinical and clinical are required to confirm this speculation.
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139
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Zhang B, Hu X, Wang H, Wang R, Sun Z, Tan X, Liu S, Wang H. Effects of a dammarane-type saponin, ginsenoside Rd, in nicotine-induced vascular endothelial injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153325. [PMID: 32920289 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a traditional medicinal plant widely used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. Ginsenoside Rd (GRd) is a major bioactive component of P. notoginseng, but specific effects on cardiovascular disease-related pathogenic processes are rarely studied, especially vascular endothelial injury. PURPOSE This study investigated the potential protective efficacy of GRd against nicotine-induced vascular endothelial cell injury, disruption of vascular nitric oxide (NO) signaling, aberrant endothelium-monocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Vascular endothelial injury and functional disruption were investigated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by biochemical assays for nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensin II (Ang II), immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting for expression analyses of apoptosis- related proteins, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Ang II type receptor 1 (AGTR1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, vascular protection by GRd was examined in nicotine-administered Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by serum NO and Ang II assays, and by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunostaining of aorta. We also examined effects of GRd on monocyte (THP-1 cells) adhesion assays, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation, and phenylephrine (PE)-induced vasoconstriction of isolated rat aortic rings. RESULTS In HUVECs, nicotine significantly suppressed NO production, enhanced Ang II production, downregulated eNOS expression, and upregulated expression levels of AGTR1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, iNOS, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome c (cyt c). All of these changes were significantly reversed by GRd. In rats, oral GRd reversed the reduction NO and enhanced Ang II production in serum induced by nicotine administration, and HE staining revealed protection of aortic endothelial cells. In addition, GRd reversed nicotine-mediated enhancement of HUVECs-monocyte adhesion, inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and PE-induced vasoconstriction. CONCLUSION GRd may prevent nicotine-induced cardiovascular diseases by preserving normal vascular endothelial NO signaling, suppressing platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, and by preventing endothelial cell-monocyte adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Huizhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Zhongxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Shumeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People' Republic of China.
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Washio M, Yamashita K, Niihara M, Hosoda K, Hiki N. Postoperative pancreatic fistula after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2020; 4:618-627. [PMID: 33319151 PMCID: PMC7726690 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pancreatic fistula is one of the most severe complications after gastric cancer surgery, and can cause critical patient conditions leading to surgery-related death. Fortunately, the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula after gastrectomy seems to be decreasing with changes in operative procedures. The rate was reported at about 30% after open gastrectomy with Appleby's method in 1997, but lately has improved below 1% for robotic gastrectomy in 2019. For the diagnosis of postoperative pancreatic fistula, drain amylase concentration has been demonstrated to be beneficial and some reports have proposed the optimal cut-off values of drain amylase to predict major postoperative pancreatic fistula. There have been many reports identifying risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula, including overweight patients, pancreatic anatomy, blunt trauma from compression of the pancreas, and thermal injuries caused by the continuous use of energy devices. And importantly, laparoscopic gastrectomy has been shown to be more often associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula than open gastrectomy in the prospective national clinical database in Japan. Hence, further sophistication of surgical techniques to reduce pancreas compression would have great promise in reducing postoperative pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Washio
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
- Division of Advanced Surgical OncologyDepartment of Research and Development Center for New Medical FrontiersKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Masahiro Niihara
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Kei Hosoda
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Naoki Hiki
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
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Szumilas K, Szumilas P, Grzywacz A, Wilk A. The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176152. [PMID: 32847119 PMCID: PMC7504689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarettes, a comparatively new phenomenon, are regarded as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes. They are increasingly popular among adolescents of both sexes, and many smokers use e-cigarettes in their attempts to quit smoking. There is little understanding of the effects of exposure to e-cigarette vapors on human reproductive health, human development, or the functioning of the organs of the male and female reproductive systems. Data on the effects of the exposure were derived mainly from animal studies, and they show that e-cigarettes can affect fertility. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of exposure to e-cigarettes on facets of morphology and function in the male and female reproductive organs. E-cigarettes, even those which are nicotine-free, contain many harmful substances, including endocrine disruptors, which disturb hormonal balance and morphology and the function of the reproductive organs. E-cigarettes cannot be considered a completely healthy alternative to smoking. As is true for smoking, deleterious effects on the human reproductive system from vaping are likely, from the limited evidence to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Szumilas
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Szumilas
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Wilk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-4661681
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Guevara M, Proaño A, Tejera E, Ballesteros I, Sánchez ME, Granda-Albuja MG, Freire B, Chisaguano AM, Debut A, Vizuete K, Santos-Buelga C, González-Paramás AM, Battino M, Alvarez-Suarez JM. Protective effect of the medicinal herb infusion "horchata" against oxidative damage in cigarette smokers: An ex vivo study. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111538. [PMID: 32615239 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been associated with an increase in oxidative stress (OS) and is considered a predisposing factor to chronic noncommunicable diseases, whilst dietary antioxidants has been proposed as an alternative to cope with this oxidative stress. In this study, 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers were studied with the aim of determining their antioxidant status, as well as the ability of an infusion of 23 medicinal plants, to counteract the damage caused by OS. The plasma, red blood cells (RBCs) and polymorphonuclear cells (PBMCs) of both groups were incubated or not with the horchata infusion extract and then the OS markers, genotoxicity, nanostructure of RBCs membrane and genes related to oxidative responses and cellular functionality were evaluated. Up to 33 different compounds, mainly quercetin glycosides, were identified in the extract. A significant deterioration in the antioxidant status in smokers compared to non-smokers was found. The horchata infusion extract improved the nanostructure of RBCs and DNA damage, as well as the activity of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative damage to lipid, and proteins in plasma, RBCs and PBMCs in both groups, whilst no significant changes were found in the expression of different genes related to OS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Guevara
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, 170125, Ecuador
| | - Adrián Proaño
- AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, 170125, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática (CBQ), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, 170125, Ecuador
| | - Isabel Ballesteros
- AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, 170125, Ecuador
| | - María E Sánchez
- AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, 170125, Ecuador
| | | | - Byron Freire
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, 170125, Ecuador
| | - Aida M Chisaguano
- Nutrición y Dietética, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170901, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Debut
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Sangolquí, 171-5-231B, Ecuador
| | - Karla Vizuete
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Sangolquí, 171-5-231B, Ecuador
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Paramás
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez, Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - José M Alvarez-Suarez
- AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, 170125, Ecuador; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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