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Hurd TC, Cobb Payton F, Hood DB. Targeting Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Health Care to Reduce Bias and Improve Population Health. Milbank Q 2024. [PMID: 39116187 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Artificial intelligence (AI) is disruptively innovating health care and surpassing our ability to define its boundaries and roles in health care and regulate its application in legal and ethical ways. Significant progress has been made in governance in the United States and the European Union. It is incumbent on developers, end users, the public, providers, health care systems, and policymakers to collaboratively ensure that we adopt a national AI health strategy that realizes the Quintuple Aim; minimizes race-based medicine; prioritizes transparency, equity, and algorithmic vigilance; and integrates the patient and community voices throughout all aspects of AI development and deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma C Hurd
- Institute on Health Disparities, Equity, and the Exposome, Meharry Medical College
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California Merced
| | - Fay Cobb Payton
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark
- North Carolina State University
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102
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Park S, Kim BJ, Choi HY, Chang DI, Woo HG, Heo SH. Risk factors of in-stent restenosis after carotid angioplasty and stenting: long-term follow-up study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1411045. [PMID: 39175764 PMCID: PMC11340531 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1411045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background After carotid artery angioplasty with stenting (CAS), it is unclear which risk factors are related to long-term outcomes, including in-stent restenosis (ISR). This study aimed to assess the factors associated with restenosis after CAS with a median follow-up of 35.7 months. Materials and methods Patients who underwent CAS from January 2013 to December 2018 were included if they had symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. The carotid Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) was followed up after the procedure. We defined at least 50% restenosis using the criteria that the internal carotid artery (ICA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) was greater than 224 cm/s or the ICA to common carotid artery PSV ratio was higher than 3.4. The risk factors for ISR were also assessed. Results Of the 189 patients, 122 had symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, and 67 had asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Patients were evaluated by CDU for a median of 35.7 months (interquartile range 19.5 to 70.0). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the longest time to ISR was 39 months, and ISR-free was better in the asymptomatic CAS group. In all groups, ISR was independently associated with current smoker [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.425; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.086 to 10.801] and elevated ICA PSV at baseline (aOR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.001 to 1.007). Conclusion Independent risk factors for ISR in the CAS group included current smoking and elevated ICA PSV at baseline. In the symptomatic CAS group, alcohol was independently associated with the ISR. ISR did not occur after 39 months from the CAS procedure in our study patients. Future studies with extended follow-up are necessary to fully understand the long-term outcomes of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangil Park
- Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Choi
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Il Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Geol Woo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyuk Heo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han Y, Liu X, Xu L, Wei Z, Gu Y, Ren Y, Hua W, Zhang Y, Liu X, Jiang C, Zhuang R, Hong W, Wang T. RILP Induces Cholesterol Accumulation in Lysosomes by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum-Endolysosome Interactions. Cells 2024; 13:1313. [PMID: 39195203 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-endolysosome interactions regulate cholesterol exchange between the ER and the endolysosome. ER-endolysosome membrane contact sites mediate the ER-endolysosome interaction. VAP-ORP1L (vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein- OSBP-related protein 1L) interaction forms the major contact site between the ER and the lysosome, which is regulated by Rab7. RILP (Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein) is the downstream effector of Rab7, but its role in the organelle interaction between the ER and the lysosome is not clear. In this study, we found RILP interacts with ORP1L to competitively inhibit the formation of the VAP-ORP1L contact site. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that RILP induces late endosome/lysosome clustering, which reduces the contact of endolysosomes with the ER, interfering with the ER-endolysosome interaction. Further examination demonstrated that over-expression of RILP results in the accumulation of cholesterol in the clustered endolysosomes, which triggers cellular autophagy depending on RILP. Our results suggest that RILP interferes with the ER-endolysosome interaction to inhibit cholesterol flow from the endolysosome to the ER, which feedbacks to trigger autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liju Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ziheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yueting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yandan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenyi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ruijuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wanjin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency of Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Tuanlao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Alradwan I, AL Fayez N, Alomary MN, Alshehri AA, Aodah AH, Almughem FA, Alsulami KA, Aldossary AM, Alawad AO, Tawfik YMK, Tawfik EA. Emerging Trends and Innovations in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review towards Healthier Aging. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1037. [PMID: 39204382 PMCID: PMC11360443 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classed as diseases of aging, which are associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic lesion formation caused by such diseases and is considered as one of the leading causes of death globally, representing a severe health crisis affecting the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is described as a chronic condition that can lead to myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease and to date, most pharmacological therapies mainly aim to control risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease. Advances in transformative therapies and imaging diagnostics agents could shape the clinical applications of such approaches, including nanomedicine, biomaterials, immunotherapy, cell therapy, and gene therapy, which are emerging and likely to significantly impact CVD management in the coming decade. This review summarizes the current anti-atherosclerotic therapies' major milestones, strengths, and limitations. It provides an overview of the recent discoveries and emerging technologies in nanomedicine, cell therapy, and gene and immune therapeutics that can revolutionize CVD clinical practice by steering it toward precision medicine. CVD-related clinical trials and promising pre-clinical strategies that would significantly impact patients with CVD are discussed. Here, we review these recent advances, highlighting key clinical opportunities in the rapidly emerging field of CVD medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alradwan
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Nojoud AL Fayez
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Alhassan H. Aodah
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Khulud A. Alsulami
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- Wellness and Preventative Medicine Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah O. Alawad
- Healthy Aging Research Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yahya M. K. Tawfik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.); (N.A.F.); (M.N.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.H.A.); (F.A.A.); (K.A.A.)
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105
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Su X, Zhang M, Yang G, Cui X, Yuan X, Du L, Pei Y. Bioinformatics and machine learning approaches reveal key genes and underlying molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38744. [PMID: 39093811 PMCID: PMC11296484 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) causes thickening and hardening of the arterial wall due to accumulation of extracellular matrix, cholesterol, and cells. In this study, we used comprehensive bioinformatics tools and machine learning approaches to explore key genes and molecular network mechanisms underlying AS in multiple data sets. Next, we analyzed the correlation between AS and immune fine cell infiltration, and finally performed drug prediction for the disease. We downloaded GSE20129 and GSE90074 datasets from the Gene expression Omnibus database, then employed the Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts algorithm to analyze 22 immune cells. To enrich for functional characteristics, the black module correlated most strongly with T cells was screened with weighted gene co-expression networks analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the genes were mainly enriched in cell adhesion and T-cell-related pathways, as well as NF-κ B signaling. We employed the Lasso regression and random forest algorithms to screen out 5 intersection genes (CCDC106, RASL11A, RIC3, SPON1, and TMEM144). Pathway analysis in gene set variation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the key genes were mainly enriched in inflammation, and immunity, among others. The selected key genes were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing technology. We also analyzed differential expression between these 5 key genes and those involved in iron death. We found that ferroptosis genes ACSL4, CBS, FTH1 and TFRC were differentially expressed between AS and the control groups, RIC3 and FTH1 were significantly negatively correlated, whereas SPON1 and VDAC3 were significantly positively correlated. Finally, we used the Connectivity Map database for drug prediction. These results provide new insights into AS genetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Su
- Vascular Surgery Department of Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Vascular Surgery Department of Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Guinan Yang
- Department of Urology, People’s Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuebin Cui
- Vascular Surgery Department of Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | | | | | - Yuanmin Pei
- Vascular Surgery Department of Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Choudhury FK, Premkumar V, Zecha J, Boyd J, Gaynor AS, Guo Z, Martin T, Cimbro R, Allman EL, Hess S. Multiomics Characterization of a Less Invasive Microfluidic-Based Cell Sorting Technique. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3096-3107. [PMID: 38417049 PMCID: PMC11301668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a specialized technique to isolate specific cell subpopulations with a high level of recovery and accuracy. However, the cell sorting procedure can impact the viability and metabolic state of cells. Here, we performed a comparative study and evaluated the impact of traditional high-pressure charged droplet-based and microfluidic chip-based sorting on the metabolic and phosphoproteomic profile of different cell types. While microfluidic chip-based sorted cells more closely resembled the unsorted control group for most cell types tested, the droplet-based sorted cells showed significant metabolic and phosphoproteomic alterations. In particular, greater changes in redox and energy status were present in cells sorted with the droplet-based cell sorter along with larger shifts in proteostasis. 13C-isotope tracing analysis on cells recovering postsorting revealed that the sorter-induced suppression of mitochondrial TCA cycle activity recovered faster in the microfluidic chip-based sorted group. Apart from this, amino acid and lipid biosynthesis pathways were suppressed in sorted cells, with minimum impact and faster recovery in the microfluidic chip-based sorted group. These results indicate microfluidic chip-based sorting has a minimum impact on metabolism and is less disruptive compared to droplet-based sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroza K. Choudhury
- Dynamic
Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Viji Premkumar
- Dynamic
Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jana Zecha
- Dynamic
Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jonathan Boyd
- Dynamic
Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Andrew S. Gaynor
- Oncology
Cell Therapy, ICC, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Zengli Guo
- Biologics
Engineering, Cell Therapeutics and Viral Technologies, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Tom Martin
- Biologics
Engineering, Oncology TTD, ADC, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Raffaello Cimbro
- Dynamic
Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Erik L. Allman
- Dynamic
Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Sonja Hess
- Dynamic
Omics, Centre for Genomics Research (CGR), Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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107
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Gabryelska A, Turkiewicz S, Ditmer M, Gajewski A, Strzelecki D, Białasiewicz P, Chałubiński M, Sochal M. The Complex Relationship between Neuromodulators, Circadian Rhythms, and Insomnia in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8469. [PMID: 39126038 PMCID: PMC11313237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to disruptions in circadian rhythm and neurotrophin (NFT) signaling. This study explored the link between neuromodulators, chronotype, and insomnia in OSA. The participants (n = 166) underwent polysomnography (PSG) before being categorized into either the control or the OSA group. The following questionnaires were completed: Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Chronotype Questionnaire (morningness-eveningness (ME), and subjective amplitude (AM). Blood samples were collected post-PSG for protein level assessment using ELISA kits for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proBDNF, glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor, NFT3, and NFT4. Gene expression was analyzed utilizing qRT-PCR. No significant differences were found in neuromodulator levels between OSA patients and controls. The controls with insomnia exhibited elevated neuromodulator gene expression (p < 0.05). In the non-insomnia individuals, BDNF and NTF3 expression was increased in the OSA group compared to controls (p = 0.007 for both); there were no significant differences between the insomnia groups. The ISI scores positively correlated with all gene expressions in both groups, except for NTF4 in OSA (R = 0.127, p = 0.172). AM and ME were predicting factors for the ISI score and clinically significant insomnia (p < 0.05 for both groups). Compromised compensatory mechanisms in OSA may exacerbate insomnia. The correlation between chronotype and NFT expression highlights the role of circadian misalignments in sleep disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorder, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Szymon Turkiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorder, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Ditmer
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorder, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Adrian Gajewski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorder, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorder, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.T.); (M.D.); (P.B.); (M.S.)
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Bhat OM, Mir RA, Nehvi IB, Wani NA, Dar AH, Zargar MA. Emerging role of sphingolipids and extracellular vesicles in development and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 53:101469. [PMID: 39139609 PMCID: PMC11320467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are eighteen carbon alcohol lipids synthesized from non-sphingolipid precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The sphingolipids serve as precursors for a vast range of moieties found in our cells that play a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell division, senescence, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, nutrition intake, metabolism, and protein synthesis. In CVDs, different subclasses of sphingolipids and other derived molecules such as sphingomyelin (SM), ceramides (CERs), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are directly related to diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension, and atherogenesis. Several genome-wide association studies showed an association between genetic variations in sphingolipid pathway genes and the risk of CVDs. The sphingolipid pathway plays an important role in the biogenesis and secretion of exosomes. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)/ exosomes have recently been found as possible indicators for the onset of CVDs, linking various cellular signaling pathways that contribute to the disease progression. Important features of EVs like biocompatibility, and crossing of biological barriers can improve the pharmacokinetics of drugs and will be exploited to develop next-generation drug delivery systems. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the role of sphingolipids, and sphingolipid metabolites in the development of CVDs. In addition, concise deliberations were laid to discuss the role of sEVs/exosomes in regulating the pathophysiological processes of CVDs and the exosomes as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Mohmad Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | | | - Nissar Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Abid Hamid Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - M Afzal Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
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Wen J, Syed B, Kim S, Shehabat M, Ansari U, Razick DI, Akhtar M, Pai D. Improved Physical Performance Parameters in Patients Taking Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN): A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials. Cureus 2024; 16:e65961. [PMID: 39221308 PMCID: PMC11365583 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential in the proper function of many essential cellular processes in the human body. The purpose of this review is to investigate the effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+ precursor, on physical performance and evaluate the safety profile of supplementation. A systematic review search criteria following the guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was performed in four databases for randomized controlled trials on NMN supplementation. Study variables included title, author, publication date, study year, number of patients, dosage, mean age, mean follow-up time, pre- and post-intervention reported outcomes, and rates of complications. Ten studies, including 437 patients, with a mean age of 58.0 years (35.1 to 81.1 years) and a mean follow-up time of 9.6 weeks (4 to 12 weeks) were included in this study. NMN dosages ranged from 150 to 1200 mg/day. Mean pre-intervention grip strength (two studies) and skeletal mass index (two studies) were 29.9 kilograms (kg) (range: 21.4-40.1 kg) and 7.4 kg/m2 (range: 6.9-7.65 kg/m2), respectively. Mean post-intervention grip strength and skeletal mass index were 30.5 kg (range: 21.7-41.9 kg) and 7.4 kg/m2 (6.8-7.64 kg/m2), respectively. There were no serious adverse effects observed. Moreover, of the reported side effects, they were determined to be independent of NMN supplementation. Therefore, patients taking NMN supplementation demonstrated non-significantly improved physical performance parameters. NMN is well tolerated with no serious adverse effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Wen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Burhaan Syed
- Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Solomon Kim
- Internal Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Mouhamad Shehabat
- Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Ubaid Ansari
- Neurology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Daniel I Razick
- Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - Muzammil Akhtar
- Surgery, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
| | - David Pai
- Nephrology, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, USA
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Lee KH, Kim SH, Park S, Jang HJ, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Hur HJ, Kim JH, Kim MS. Functional Impact of the FADS1 rs174546 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Serum Lipid Levels: Insights from Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Korean Population. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400201. [PMID: 38961528 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene is suggested as risk factor of metabolic diseases in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This study hypothesized that FADS1_rs174546T associates with serum triglycerides (TG) in Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). In addition, functional study of SNP genotypes in cultured cells is performed. METHODS AND RESULTS FADS1_rs174546T is associated with high level of serum TG (effect size of variant: 6.48 ± 1.84 mg dL-1) in Korean individuals (normotriglyceridemia, n = 5128; hypertriglyceridemia, n = 3714). Functional study in cells with FADS1_rs174546T, shows reduced transcriptional activity, when compared with rs174546C. MiR-6728-3p, which is predicted to bind with rs174546T, decreases transcriptional activity of rs174546T but not in rs174546C, and it is reversed by miR-6728-3p inhibitor. Formononetin is selected as binding molecule to 3'-UTR of FADS1 and increases luciferase activity in both rs174546 (C/T). Moreover, formononetin compensates for the reduced luciferase activity by rs174546T and miR-6728-3p. Formononetin also increases endogenous FADS1 expression and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) ratio. CONCLUSION FADS1_rs174546T is a crucial risk factor for hypertriglyceridemia in the Koreans potentially through the interaction with miR-6728-3p. Formononetin can be a potent dietary intervention to prevent and improve hypertriglyceridemia in both rs174546 (C/T) populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun-Hee Lee
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hee Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Asan-Si, 31499, Chungnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Soleimani H, Mousavi A, Shojaei S, Tavakoli K, Salabat D, Farahani Rad F, Askari MK, Nelson J, Ruzieh M, Hosseini K. Safety and Effectiveness of High-Intensity Statins Versus Low/Moderate-Intensity Statins Plus Ezetimibe in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease for Reaching LDL-C Goals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24334. [PMID: 39135464 PMCID: PMC11319735 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains controversial whether adding ezetimibe to low/moderate-intensity statins has a more beneficial impact on the treatment efficacy and safety of patients with existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared to high-intensity statin regimens. HYPOTHESIS A combination of low/moderate-intensity statins plus ezetimibe might be more effective and safer than high-intensity statin monotherapy. METHODS We searched databases for randomized controlled trials comparing lipid profile alterations, drug-related adverse events, and MACE components between high-intensity statin monotherapy and low/moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy. Pooled risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Our comprehensive search resulted in 32 studies comprising 6162 patients treated with monotherapy against 5880 patients on combination therapy. Combination therapy was more effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels compared to monotherapy (MD = -6.6, 95% CI: -10.6 to -2.5); however, no significant differences were observed in other lipid parameters. Furthermore, the combination therapy group experienced a lower risk of myalgia (RR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13-0.57) and discontinuation due to adverse events (RR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51-0.74). The occurrence of MACE was similar between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Adding ezetimibe to low/moderate-intensity statins resulted in a greater reduction in LDL-C levels, a lower rate of myalgia, and less drug discontinuation compared to high-intensity statin monotherapy in patients with existing cardiovascular disease. However, according to our meta-analysis, the observed reduction in LDL-C levels in the combination group did not correlate with a reduction in MACE compared to the high-intensity statin group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Soleimani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Asma Mousavi
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shayan Shojaei
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kiarash Tavakoli
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Dorsa Salabat
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farid Farahani Rad
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - John Nelson
- California Cardiovascular InstituteUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineFresnoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mohammad Ruzieh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of Florida, GainsvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Kaveh Hosseini
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Chatham JC, Patel RP. Protein glycosylation in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:525-544. [PMID: 38499867 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, which involves the attachment of carbohydrates to proteins, is one of the most abundant protein co-translational and post-translational modifications. Advances in technology have substantially increased our knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways involved in protein glycosylation, as well as how changes in glycosylation can affect cell function. In addition, our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in disease processes is growing, particularly in the context of immune system function, infectious diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Several decades ago, cell surface glycoproteins were found to have an important role in regulating ion transport across the cardiac sarcolemma. However, with very few exceptions, our understanding of how changes in protein glycosylation influence cardiovascular (patho)physiology remains remarkably limited. Therefore, in this Review, we aim to provide an overview of N-linked and O-linked protein glycosylation, including intracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification. We discuss our current understanding of how all forms of protein glycosylation contribute to normal cardiovascular function and their roles in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we highlight potential gaps in our knowledge about the effects of protein glycosylation on the heart and vascular system, highlighting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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113
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Anwar I, Sony D. HEART Score: Prospective Evaluation of Its Accuracy and Applicability. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28:748-752. [PMID: 39239175 PMCID: PMC11372676 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The History, Electrocardiogram, Age, Risk factors, and Troponin I (HEART) score is a simple method to risk stratify patients with chest pain according to the risk for incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Materials and methods A 202-patient prospective, single center study at Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur. Patients included were those who were presented to the emergency department (ED) due to non-traumatic chest pain, irrespective of age or any previous medical treatments, and were later referred to the cardiac care unit (CCU), cardiology department (CD). The end point of the study was the incidence of MACE. Results There was a high occurrence of endpoint-myocardial infarction (MI) as MACE among patients with a high-risk HEART score (p < 0.001). About 52 patients (81.3%) who had MI had a high-risk score and 2 patients (3.1%) who had an endpoint of MI had a low-risk score. Sensitivity of HEART score to anticipate MACE was 91%, and the specificity was 80%. Conclusions Our prospective study demonstrates the high sensitivity of the HEART score to effectively risk stratify patients and project the phenomenon of MACE. We support the use of the HEART score as a fast and accurate risk stratification tool in the ED. How to cite this article Anwar I, Sony D. HEART Score: Prospective Evaluation of Its Accuracy and Applicability. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(8):748-752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Anwar
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Darryl Sony
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
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Jia Y, Zhang K, Shi M, Guo D, Yang P, Bu X, Chen J, Wang A, Xu T, He J, Zhu Z, Zhang Y. Associations of Rheumatoid Factor, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Interleukin-6 Inhibitor with the Prognosis of Ischemic Stroke: a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:750-760. [PMID: 37256492 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid factor (RF), an established diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is associated with cardiovascular diseases, but its impact on clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the observational associations between serum RF and prognosis of ischemic stroke, and further examined the genetic associations of RA and its therapeutic strategy, interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor, with prognosis of ischemic stroke. We measured serum RF levels in 3474 Chinese ischemic stroke patients from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke. The primary outcome was the composite outcome of death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 3 months after stroke onset. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to examine the associations of genetically predicted RA and IL-6 inhibition with prognosis of ischemic stroke. During 3 months of follow-up, 866 patients (25.43%) experienced death or major disability. After multivariate adjustment, RF-positive was significantly associated with a high risk of primary outcome (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.08-2.00; P =0.016) compared with RF-negative. The two-sample MR analyses suggested that genetically predicted RA was associated with an increased risk of primary outcome (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.18; P=0.021), while genetically predicted IL-6 inhibition was associated with a decreased risk of primary outcome (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99; P=0.041). We found that positive RF was associated with increased risks of adverse outcomes after atherosclerotic ischemic stroke, and genetically predicted RA and IL-6 inhibition increased and decreased the risks of adverse outcomes after ischemic stroke, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Bu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Liepinsh E, Zvejniece L, Clemensson L, Ozola M, Vavers E, Cirule H, Korzh S, Skuja S, Groma V, Briviba M, Grinberga S, Liu W, Olszewski P, Gentreau M, Fredriksson R, Dambrova M, Schiöth HB. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity is essential for mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids to prevent lethal accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines in the mouse liver. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2750-2773. [PMID: 38641905 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR), and exert adverse effects on mitochondrial function, although the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We used a tamoxifen-induced Hmgcr-knockout (KO) mouse model, a multi-omics approach and mitochondrial function assessments to investigate whether decreased HMGCR activity impacts key liver energy metabolism pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We established a new mouse strain using the Cre/loxP system, which enabled whole-body deletion of Hmgcr expression. These mice were crossed with Rosa26Cre mice and treated with tamoxifen to delete Hmgcr in all cells. We performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and thus evaluated time-dependent changes in metabolic functions to identify the pathways leading to cell death in Hmgcr-KO mice. KEY RESULTS Lack of Hmgcr expression resulted in lethality, due to acute liver damage caused by rapid disruption of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and very high accumulation of long-chain (LC) acylcarnitines in both male and female mice. Gene expression and KO-related phenotype changes were not observed in other tissues. The progression to liver failure was driven by diminished peroxisome formation, which resulted in impaired mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism, enhanced glucose utilization and whole-body hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that HMGCR is crucial for maintaining energy metabolism balance, and its activity is necessary for functional mitochondrial β-oxidation. Moreover, statin-induced adverse reactions might be rescued by the prevention of LC acylcarnitine accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Melita Ozola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edijs Vavers
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Helena Cirule
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | | | - Monta Briviba
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Wen Liu
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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116
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Md Zaki FA, Mohamad Hanif EA. Identifying miRNA as biomarker for breast cancer subtyping using association rule. Comput Biol Med 2024; 178:108696. [PMID: 38850957 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
- This paper presents a comprehensive study focused on breast cancer subtyping, utilizing a multifaceted approach that integrates feature selection, machine learning classifiers, and miRNA regulatory networks. The feature selection process begins with the CFS algorithm, followed by the Apriori algorithm for association rule generation, resulting in the identification of significant features tailored to Luminal A, Luminal B, HER-2 enriched, and Basal-like subtypes. The subsequent application of Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers yielded promising results, with the SVM model achieving an overall accuracy of 76.60 % and the RF model demonstrating robust performance at 80.85 %. Detailed accuracy metrics revealed strengths and areas for refinement, emphasizing the potential for optimizing subtype-specific recall. To explore the regulatory landscape in depth, an analysis of selected miRNAs was conducted using MIENTURNET, a tool for visualizing miRNA-target interactions. While FDR analysis raised concerns for HER-2 and Basal-like subtypes, Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes showcased significant miRNA-gene interactions. Functional enrichment analysis for Luminal A highlighted the role of Ovarian steroidogenesis, implicating specific miRNAs such as hsa-let-7c-5p and hsa-miR-125b-5p as potential diagnostic biomarkers and regulators of Luminal A breast cancer. Luminal B analysis uncovered associations with the MAPK signaling pathway, with miRNAs like hsa-miR-203a-3p and hsa-miR-19a-3p exhibiting potential diagnostic and therapeutic significance. In conclusion, this integrative approach combines machine learning techniques with miRNA analysis to provide a holistic understanding of breast cancer subtypes. The identified miRNAs and associated pathways offer insights into potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, contributing to the ongoing efforts to improve breast cancer diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Audah Md Zaki
- Department of Internet Engineering & Computer Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezanee Azlina Mohamad Hanif
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Gupta VK, Sahu L, Sonwal S, Suneetha A, Kim DH, Kim J, Verma HK, Pavitra E, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Lee HU, Huh YS. Advances in biomedical applications of vitamin D for VDR targeted management of obesity and cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117001. [PMID: 38936194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1,25(OH)2D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin, involved in regulating Ca2+ homeostasis in the body. Its storage in adipose tissue depends on the fat content of the body. Obesity is the result of abnormal lipid deposition due to the prolonged positive energy balance and increases the risk of several cancer types. Furthermore, it has been associated with vitamin D deficiency and defined as a low 25(OH)2D3 blood level. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 plays vital roles in Ca2+-Pi and glucose metabolism in the adipocytes of obese individuals and regulates the expressions of adipogenesis-associated genes in mature adipocytes. SCOPE AND APPROACH The present contribution focused on the VDR mediated mechanisms interconnecting the obese condition and cancer proliferation due to 1,25(OH)2D3-deficiency in humans. This contribution also summarizes the identification and development of molecular targets for VDR-targeted drug discovery. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Several studies have revealed that cancer development in a background of 1,25(OH)2D3 deficient obesity involves the VDR gene. Moreover, 1,25(OH)2D3 is also known to influence several cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion. The multifaceted physiology of obesity has improved our understanding of the cancer therapeutic targets. However, currently available anti-cancer drugs are notorious for their side effects, which have raised safety issues. Thus, there is interest in developing 1,25(OH)2D3-based therapies without any side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Lipina Sahu
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Sonam Sonwal
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Achanti Suneetha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520010, India
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jigyeong Kim
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Eluri Pavitra
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India.
| | - Hyun Uk Lee
- Division of Material Analysis and Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Qi T, Wan J, Ji F. IL-2 and IL-4 May Reduce the Risk of Pathological Hyperprolactinemia: Genetic Epidemiological Evidence. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 92:e13920. [PMID: 39166446 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Wan
- Department of Thyroid Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Fuqing Ji
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Xi'an NO.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Barkas F, Sener YZ, Golforoush PA, Kheirkhah A, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Novak J, Apellaniz-Ruiz M, Akyea RK, Bianconi V, Ceasovschih A, Chee YJ, Cherska M, Chora JR, D'Oria M, Demikhova N, Kocyigit Burunkaya D, Rimbert A, Macchi C, Rathod K, Roth L, Sukhorukov V, Stoica S, Scicali R, Storozhenko T, Uzokov J, Lupo MG, van der Vorst EPC, Porsch F. Advancements in risk stratification and management strategies in primary cardiovascular prevention. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117579. [PMID: 38824844 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for advancements in risk assessment and management strategies. Although significant progress has been made recently, identifying and managing apparently healthy individuals at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis and those with subclinical atherosclerosis still poses significant challenges. Traditional risk assessment tools have limitations in accurately predicting future events and fail to encompass the complexity of the atherosclerosis trajectory. In this review, we describe novel approaches in biomarkers, genetics, advanced imaging techniques, and artificial intelligence that have emerged to address this gap. Moreover, polygenic risk scores and imaging modalities such as coronary artery calcium scoring, and coronary computed tomography angiography offer promising avenues for enhancing primary cardiovascular risk stratification and personalised intervention strategies. On the other hand, interventions aiming against atherosclerosis development or promoting plaque regression have gained attention in primary ASCVD prevention. Therefore, the potential role of drugs like statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, omega-3 fatty acids, antihypertensive agents, as well as glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory drugs are also discussed. Since findings regarding the efficacy of these interventions vary, further research is still required to elucidate their mechanisms of action, optimize treatment regimens, and determine their long-term effects on ASCVD outcomes. In conclusion, advancements in strategies addressing atherosclerosis prevention and plaque regression present promising avenues for enhancing primary ASCVD prevention through personalised approaches tailored to individual risk profiles. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts are imperative to refine these strategies further and maximise their effectiveness in safeguarding cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Barkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Yusuf Ziya Sener
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Azin Kheirkhah
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- 2(nd) Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno and Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Apellaniz-Ruiz
- Genomics Medicine Unit, Navarra Institute for Health Research - IdiSNA, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ralph Kwame Akyea
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexandr Ceasovschih
- Internal Medicine Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ying Jie Chee
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mariia Cherska
- Cardiology Department, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Joana Rita Chora
- Unidade I&D, Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mario D'Oria
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nadiia Demikhova
- Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine; Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Krishnaraj Rathod
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Barts Interventional Group, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vasily Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Stoica
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tatyana Storozhenko
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, Aalst, Belgium; Department of Prevention and Treatment of Emergency Conditions, L.T. Malaya Therapy National Institute NAMSU, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Jamol Uzokov
- Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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120
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Czapla M, Surma S, Kwaśny A, Lewandowski Ł. Association of Body Mass Index with Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). Nutrients 2024; 16:2473. [PMID: 39125352 PMCID: PMC11313842 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major health issue, affecting up to 2% of the adult population worldwide. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and its association with various cardiovascular diseases, understanding its role in HFrEF outcomes is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on in-hospital mortality and prolonged hospital stay in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 425 patients admitted to the cardiology unit at the University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, between August 2018 and August 2020. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the interactions between BMI, sex, and comorbidities on in-hospital mortality. Significant interactions were found between sex and BMI as well as between BMI and post-stroke status, affecting in-hospital mortality. Specifically, increased BMI was associated with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality in males (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.94, p < 0.05) but higher odds in females (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.98-1.42, p = 0.08). For patients without a history of stroke, increased BMI reduced mortality odds (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.95, p < 0.01), whereas the effect was less pronounced in those with a history of stroke (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.76-1.04, p = 0.12). In conclusion, the odds of in-hospital mortality decreased significantly with each 10% increase in BMI for males, whereas for females, a higher BMI was associated with increased odds of death. Additionally, BMI reduced in-hospital mortality odds more in patients without a history of cerebral stroke (CS) compared to those with a history of CS. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of observed outcomes and potential interactions with BMI and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Czapla
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wrocław Medical University, 51-616 Wrocław, Poland
- Group of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-566 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Surma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Adrian Kwaśny
- Institute of Dietetics, Academy of Business and Health Science, 90-361 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Lewandowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
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121
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Paramalingam H, Daher AM, Hussain S. Association between dyslipidaemia knowledge & lipid testing practice among adults, a community-based study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306428. [PMID: 39078830 PMCID: PMC11288414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Various factors have been described in the literature to explain the tendency of an individual to undergo medical screenings. This study aimed to assess the association between the level of knowledge about dyslipidaemia and the frequency of lipid testing, as well as the potential impact of predisposing, enabling, and need factors on the uptake of blood lipid screening. This study was a cross-sectional survey involving 314 participants who were Malaysian residents of Taman Selatan, Klang, aged 30 and above. The study utilized a 42-item paper-based bilingual questionnaire to evaluate the predisposing, enabling, and need factors that could potentially influence the practice of lipid testing. Out of the 314 residents approached, 271 responded to the questionnaire yielding a response rate of 86.31%. The median knowledge score was 5 out of 17. Lower monthly income (OR = 3.225, 95% CI = 0.255 to 2.141), higher number of comorbidities (OR = 2.724, 95% CI = 0.037 to 2.013), higher total knowledge score (OR = 1.334, 95% CI = 0.063 to 0.512) and respondent's belief and attitude (OR = 0.813, 95% CI = -2.033 to -0.539), were found to be significantly associated with the frequency of lipid testing. In conclusion, the knowledge level regarding dyslipidaemia was below average and associated with a lower tendency to undergo frequent lipid testing. There is a need for innovative health awareness such as active educational campaigns in various settings of the community. Further qualitative studies that explore the understanding of the publics', and antecedents of their, lipid screening behaviour are required. Appropriate communication by healthcare providers should be encouraged during patient consultations for higher impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aqil M. Daher
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, School of Medicine, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumaira Hussain
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, School of Medicine, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Roshanravan N, Tutunchi H, Parvizi R, Bastani S, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Faramarzi E, Mesri Alamdari N, Ghoreishy Z, Tarighat F, Mehravani K, Vahedinezhad M, Namazi N, Ghaffari S. Risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in healthcare professionals of Azar Cohort Study: A cross-sectional Study. Health Promot Perspect 2024; 14:161-167. [PMID: 39291051 PMCID: PMC11403343 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.42568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is considered a worldwide health problem associated with high morbidity, mortality, and cost of care. In the present study, we examined risk-enhancing factors for ASCVD in healthcare workers of the AZAR cohort population. Methods Data from a total of 500 participants were used for this cross-sectional study. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric indices, biochemical factors, and blood pressure were assessed. To evaluate the associations of ASCVD with the parameters mentioned above, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results The total frequency of subjects with severe (≥7.5) and low (<7.5) ASCVD was 7.6% (95% CI: 5.4-10.3), and 90.6% (95% CI: 87.7-93.0), respectively. The top strongest links were found between ASCVD and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (odds ratio [OR]: 12.8, 95% CI: 3.2-49.9), diabetes (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 2.8-25), and daily smoking (OR: 7.0, 95% CI: 2.8-20). Based on a multivariate logistic regression model, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/apolipoprotein B (Apo b), diabetes, hematocrit, age, Triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), hemoglobin, and Apo B/Apo A-I have significant associations with ASCVD severity. Conclusion In conclusion, the present study showed significant associations between the severity of ASCVD with some parameters among healthcare workers of AZAR cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Roshanravan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rezayat Parvizi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bastani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Ghoreishy
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Tarighat
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem Mehravani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Vahedinezhad
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Herrera-Marcos LV, Arbones-Mainar JM, Osada J. Lipoprotein Lipidomics as a Frontier in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Biomarker Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8285. [PMID: 39125855 PMCID: PMC11311740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease characterized by the build-up of fat in the liver of individuals in the absence of alcohol consumption. This condition has become a burden in modern societies aggravated by the lack of appropriate predictive biomarkers (other than liver biopsy). To better understand this disease and to find appropriate biomarkers, a new technology has emerged in the last two decades with the ability to explore the unmapped role of lipids in this disease: lipidomics. This technology, based on the combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry, has been extensively used to explore the lipid metabolism of NAFLD. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge gained through lipidomics assays exploring tissues, plasma, and lipoproteins from individuals with NAFLD. Our goal is to identify common features and active pathways that could facilitate the finding of a reliable biomarker from this field. The most frequent observation was a variable decrease (1-9%) in polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and non-esterified fatty acids in NAFLD patients, both in plasma and liver. Additionally, a reduction in phosphatidylcholines is a common feature in the liver. Due to the scarcity of studies, further research is needed to properly detect lipoprotein, plasma, and tissue lipid signatures of NAFLD etiologies, and NAFLD subtypes, and to define the relevance of this technology in disease management strategies in the push toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V. Herrera-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.H.-M.); (J.O.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.H.-M.); (J.O.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Giardinelli S, Meliota G, Mentino D, D’Amato G, Faienza MF. Molecular Basis of Cardiomyopathies in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8280. [PMID: 39125850 PMCID: PMC11313011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is a common complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its exact pathogenesis is still debated. It was hypothesized that chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance activate critical cellular pathways that are responsible for numerous functional and anatomical perturbations in the heart. Interstitial inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial apoptosis, mitochondria dysfunction, defective cardiac metabolism, cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy and fibrosis with consequent impaired contractility are the most common mechanisms implicated. Epigenetic changes also have an emerging role in the regulation of these crucial pathways. The aim of this review was to highlight the increasing knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of DbCM and the new therapies targeting specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giardinelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Meliota
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Donatella Mentino
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gabriele D’Amato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Di Venere Hospital, 70012 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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125
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Kim HJ, Lee JR, Lee H, Kim JS. Healthcare Costs due to Dizziness/Vertigo in Korea: Analyses Using the Public Data of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e214. [PMID: 39079683 PMCID: PMC11286326 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dizziness/vertigo is one of the most common symptoms for which people seek healthcare. However, the healthcare expenditure attributable to dizziness/vertigo in South Korea remains poorly understood. We investigated the healthcare costs due to six major disorders causing dizziness/vertigo using claims data. METHODS The healthcare costs were evaluated using all the claims data submitted to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from January 1 to December 31, 2022. The six major vestibular disorders included for analysis were benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), psychogenic/persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD), vascular vertigo/dizziness (VVD), vestibular migraine (VM), Meniere's disease (MD), and vestibular neuritis (VN). RESULTS During the 1-year study period, 4.1% of adults aged 20 or older visited hospitals due to dizziness/vertigo in South Korea. Compared to the general population, the patients with dizziness/vertigo were more often elderly, female, and residents of small towns. The total healthcare cost for the six major vestibular disorders was ₩547.8 billion (approximately $406.5 million). BPPV incurred the highest annual healthcare cost (₩183.5 billion, 33.5%), followed by VVD (₩158.8 billion, 29.0%), MD (₩82.2 billion, 15.0%), psychogenic/PPPD (₩60.3 billion, 11.0%), VN (₩32.9 billion, 6.0%), and VM (₩30.1 billion, 5.5%). The mean healthcare cost per hospital visit due to dizziness/vertigo was ₩96,524 (95% confidence interval, ₩96,194-₩96,855), 30% higher than the average (₩73,948) of the overall healthcare cost per hospital visit over the same period. CONCLUSION Owing to higher healthcare costs for dizziness/vertigo and increased prevalence of dizziness/vertigo in the aged population, healthcare costs due to dizziness/vertigo will increase rapidly in South Korea. Thus, a guideline for cost-effective management of dizziness/vertigo should be established to reduce the healthcare costs due to these common symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae-Ryun Lee
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Dizziness Center, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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Yan K, Zhang W, Song H, Xu X. Sphingolipid metabolism and regulated cell death in malignant melanoma. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-02002-y. [PMID: 39068623 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-02002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly invasive and therapeutically resistant skin malignancy, posing a significant clinical challenge in its treatment. Programmed cell death plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of MM. Sphingolipids (SP), as a class of bioactive lipids, may be associated with many kinds of diseases. SPs regulate various forms of programmed cell death in tumors, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and more. This review will delve into the mechanisms by which different types of SPs modulate various forms of programmed cell death in MM, such as their regulation of cell membrane permeability and signaling pathways, and how they influence the survival and death fate of MM cells. An in-depth exploration of the role of SPs in programmed cell death in MM aids in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of melanoma development and holds significant importance in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yan
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Song
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiulian Xu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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Kim IJ, Choi GJ, Hwang HJ, Kang H. Effect of Prophylactic Tropisetron on Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. J Pers Med 2024; 14:797. [PMID: 39201989 PMCID: PMC11355328 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with trial sequential analysis (TSA) aimed to comprehensively evaluate and compare the efficacy of the prophylactic administration of tropisetron in the prevention of the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024372692). RCTs comparing the efficacy of the perioperative administration of tropisetron with that of a placebo, other anti-emetic agents, or a combination of anti-emetic injections were retrieved from the databases of Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. The frequency of rescue anti-emetic use (RA) and the incidence of PON, POV, and PONV (relative risk [RR]: 0.718; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.652-0.790; I2 = 0.0, RR: 0.587; 95% CI 0.455-0.757; I2 = 63.32, RR: 0.655; 95% CI 0.532-0.806; I2 = 49.09, and RR: 0.622; 95% CI 0.552-0.700; I2 = 0.00, respectively) in the tropisetron group were lower than those in the control group; however, the incidence of complete response (CR) was higher in the tropisetron group (RR: 1.517;95% CI 1.222-1.885; I2 = 44.14). TSA showed the cumulative Z-curve exceeded both the conventional test and trial sequential monitoring boundaries for RA, PON, POV, and PONV between the tropisetron group and the control group. Thus, the prophylactic administration of tropisetron exhibited superior efficacy in the prevention of PON, POV, and PONV. Furthermore, a lower incidence of RA and a higher incidence of CR were observed with its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea; (I.J.K.); (G.J.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea;
| | - Geun Joo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea; (I.J.K.); (G.J.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeon Joung Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea; (I.J.K.); (G.J.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea;
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Abrignani MG, Lucà F, Abrignani V, Pelaggi G, Aiello A, Colivicchi F, Fattirolli F, Gulizia MM, Nardi F, Pino PG, Parrini I, Rao CM. A Look at Primary and Secondary Prevention in the Elderly: The Two Sides of the Same Coin. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4350. [PMID: 39124617 PMCID: PMC11312802 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The global population is experiencing an aging trend; however, this increased longevity is not necessarily accompanied by improved health in older age. A significant consequence of this demographic shift is the rising prevalence of multiple chronic illnesses, posing challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Aging is a major risk factor for multimorbidity, which marks a progressive decline in resilience and a dysregulation of multisystem homeostasis. Cardiovascular risk factors, along with aging and comorbidities, play a critical role in the development of heart disease. Among comorbidities, age itself stands out as one of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with its prevalence and incidence notably increasing in the elderly population. However, elderly individuals, especially those who are frail and have multiple comorbidities, are under-represented in primary and secondary prevention trials aimed at addressing traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. There are concerns regarding the optimal intensity of treatment, taking into account tolerability and the risk of drug interactions. Additionally, uncertainty persists regarding therapeutic targets across different age groups. This article provides an overview of the relationship between aging and cardiovascular disease, highlighting various cardiovascular prevention issues in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana Lucà
- O.U. Interventional Cardiology, Bianchi Melacrino Morelli Hospital, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (F.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Abrignani
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pelaggi
- O.U. Interventional Cardiology, Bianchi Melacrino Morelli Hospital, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (F.L.)
| | | | - Furio Colivicchi
- Cardiology Division, San Filippo Neri Hospital, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fattirolli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Federico Nardi
- O.U. Cardiology, Santo Spirito Hospital, 15033 Casale Monferrato, Italy;
| | | | - Iris Parrini
- Cardiology Department, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy
| | - Carmelo Massimiliano Rao
- O.U. Interventional Cardiology, Bianchi Melacrino Morelli Hospital, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (F.L.)
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Wang F, Neumann D, Kapsokalyvas D, Hoes MF, Schianchi F, Glatz JFC, Nabben M, Luiken JJFP. Specific Compounds Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine Ameliorate Lipid-Induced Contractile Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8131. [PMID: 39125700 PMCID: PMC11311577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lipid overconsumption, associated with the Western diet, causes excessive cardiac lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and contractile dysfunction, altogether termed lipotoxic cardiomyopathy (LCM). Existing treatments for LCM are limited. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been shown as beneficial in diabetes and its complications. The following compounds-Resveratrol, Quercetin, Berberine, Baicalein, and Isorhamnetin-derived from TCM and often used to treat type 2 diabetes. However, virtually nothing is known about their effects in the lipid-overexposed heart. Lipid-induced insulin resistance was generated in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and adult rat cardiomyocytes by 24 h exposure to high palmitate. Upon simultaneous treatment with each of the TCM compounds, we measured myocellular lipid accumulation, insulin-stimulated fatty acid and glucose uptake, phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK1/2, plasma membrane appearance of GLUT4 and CD36, and expression of oxidative stress-/inflammation-related genes and contractility. In lipid-overloaded cardiomyocytes, all the selected TCM compounds prevented lipid accumulation. These compounds also preserved insulin-stimulated CD36 and GLUT4 translocation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in an Akt-independent manner. Moreover, all the TCM compounds prevented and restored lipid-induced contractile dysfunction. Finally, some (not all) of the TCM compounds inhibited oxidative stress-related SIRT3 expression, and others reduced inflammatory TNFα expression. Their ability to restore CD36 trafficking makes all these TCM compounds attractive natural supplements for LCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.W.); (D.K.); (F.S.); (J.J.F.P.L.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (M.F.H.)
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (M.F.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Kapsokalyvas
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.W.); (D.K.); (F.S.); (J.J.F.P.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research IZKF, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martijn F. Hoes
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (M.F.H.)
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Francesco Schianchi
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.W.); (D.K.); (F.S.); (J.J.F.P.L.)
| | - Jan F. C. Glatz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.W.); (D.K.); (F.S.); (J.J.F.P.L.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.N.); (M.F.H.)
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Joost J. F. P. Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.W.); (D.K.); (F.S.); (J.J.F.P.L.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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Bontempo P, Capasso L, De Masi L, Nebbioso A, Rigano D. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds Acting through Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Diseases: Current Findings and Future Directions. Nutrients 2024; 16:2399. [PMID: 39125279 PMCID: PMC11314203 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. These diseases have a multifaceted nature being influenced by a multitude of biochemical, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Epigenetic modifications have a crucial role in the onset and progression of CVD. Epigenetics, which regulates gene activity without altering the DNA's primary structure, can modulate cardiovascular homeostasis through DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation. The effects of environmental stimuli on CVD are mediated by epigenetic changes, which can be reversible and, hence, are susceptible to pharmacological interventions. This represents an opportunity to prevent diseases by targeting harmful epigenetic modifications. Factors such as high-fat diets or nutrient deficiencies can influence epigenetic enzymes, affecting fetal growth, metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that plant-derived bioactive compounds can modulate epigenetic regulators and inflammatory responses, contributing to the cardioprotective effects of diets. Understanding these nutriepigenetic effects and their reversibility is crucial for developing effective interventions to combat CVD. This review delves into the general mechanisms of epigenetics, its regulatory roles in CVD, and the potential of epigenetics as a CVD therapeutic strategy. It also examines the role of epigenetic natural compounds (ENCs) in CVD and their potential as intervention tools for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Lucia Capasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Raposeiras-Roubín S, Abu-Assi E, Pérez Rivera JÁ, Jorge Pérez P, Ayesta López A, Viana Tejedor A, Corbí Pascual MJ, Carrasquer A, Jiménez Méndez C, González Cambeiro C, Uribarri González A, Bonanad Lozano C, Marcos Mangas M, Merino-Merino A, Sánchez-Corral E, Santos-Sánchez I, Aguilar-Iglesias L, Alen A, Rozado Castaño J, Mínguez de la Guía E, López Vázquez M, Salmerón Martínez FM, Avivar Sáez Y, Villar Ruiz A, Panera de la Mano JA, García García MT, Pérez-Asensio A, Bompart D, Zaharia G, Ariza-Solé A. Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid in acute coronary syndrome. Design of the clinical trial ES-BempeDACS. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024:S1885-5857(24)00236-6. [PMID: 39059729 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Only about 1 out of every 3 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values <55mg/dL in the first year. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of early intensive therapy on lipid control after an AMI. METHODS An independent, prospective, pragmatic, controlled, randomized, open-label, evaluator-blinded clinical trial (PROBE design) will analyze the efficacy and safety of an oral lipid-lowering triple therapy: high-potency statin+bempedoic acid (BA) 180mg+ezetimibe (EZ) 10mg versus current European-based guidelines (high-potency statin±EZ 10mg), in AMI patients. LDL-C will be determined within the first 48hours. Patients with LDL-C ≥ 115mg/dL (without previous statin therapy), ≥ 100mg/dL (with previous low-potency or high-potency statin therapy at submaximal dose), or ≥ 70mg/dL (with previous high-potency statin therapy at high dose) will be randomly assigned 1:1 between 24 and 72hours post-AMI to the BA/EZ combination or to statin±EZ, without BA. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients reaching LDL-C <55mg/dL at 8 weeks after treatment. RESULTS The results of this study will provide novel information for post-AMI LDL-C control by evaluating the usefulness of an early intensive lipid-lowering strategy based on triple oral therapy. CONCLUSIONS Early intensive lipid-lowering triple oral therapy vs the treatment recommended by current clinical practice guidelines could facilitate the achievement of optimal LDL-C levels in the first 2 months after AMI (a high-risk period). IDENTIFICATION NUMBER EudraCT 2021-006550-31.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emad Abu-Assi
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Jorge Pérez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Ayesta López
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Carrasquer
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Marcos Mangas
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Merino-Merino
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Alen
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Rozado Castaño
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ylènia Avivar Sáez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villar Ruiz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Pérez-Asensio
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Daznia Bompart
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Georgiana Zaharia
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert Ariza-Solé
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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132
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Ling C, Liu Y, Yao M, Tian L. Positive association between serum bilirubin within the physiological range and serum testosterone levels. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 39020370 PMCID: PMC11256393 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Research has demonstrated that elevated serum total bilirubin (STB) levels have a beneficial impact on various diseases, particularly metabolic syndrome. This study aims to investigate the association between STB levels and serum testosterone (STT) in order to determine if bilirubin plays a protective role in relation to testosterone deficiency (TD) risk. METHODS In this study, a total of 6,526 eligible male participants aged 20 years or older were analyzed, all of whom took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2016. To investigate the relationship between STB and STT levels, we employed weighted multivariate regression models along with restricted cubic splines (RCS). Additionally, a subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the heterogeneity of this relationship across different subpopulations. RESULTS Among the participants, 1,832 individuals (28.07%) were identified as having testosterone deficiency (TD), defined as an STT level below 300 ng/dL. A significant positive correlation between STB and STT levels was observed in both crude and adjusted models (all P < 0.0001). The association between STB and STT levels was found to be statistically significant up to a threshold of 17.1 µmol/L, after which it became statistically insignificant(P for non-linearity = 0.0035). Weighted logistic regression analysis indicated that a 1 µmol/L increase in STB was associated with a 4% decrease in the likelihood of TD (odds ratio = 0.96, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that the inverse relationship was limited to individuals aged 60 and over, non-smokers/drinkers, and obese individuals. CONCLUSION STB within the physiological range(17.1 µmol/L) was positively associated with STT in adult males. The potential protective role of bilirubin regarding testosterone levels merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunbao Ling
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Urology, The sixth affiliated hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meiling Yao
- School of Public Health and Management, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Libing Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Kounatidis D, Tentolouris N, Vallianou NG, Mourouzis I, Karampela I, Stratigou T, Rebelos E, Kouveletsou M, Stamatopoulos V, Tsaroucha E, Dalamaga M. The Pleiotropic Effects of Lipid-Modifying Interventions: Exploring Traditional and Emerging Hypolipidemic Therapies. Metabolites 2024; 14:388. [PMID: 39057711 PMCID: PMC11278853 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease poses a significant global health issue, with dyslipidemia standing out as a major risk factor. In recent decades, lipid-lowering therapies have evolved significantly, with statins emerging as the cornerstone treatment. These interventions play a crucial role in both primary and secondary prevention by effectively reducing cardiovascular risk through lipid profile enhancements. Beyond their primary lipid-lowering effects, extensive research indicates that these therapies exhibit pleiotropic actions, offering additional health benefits. These include anti-inflammatory properties, improvements in vascular health and glucose metabolism, and potential implications in cancer management. While statins and ezetimibe have been extensively studied, newer lipid-lowering agents also demonstrate similar pleiotropic effects, even in the absence of direct cardiovascular benefits. This narrative review explores the diverse pleiotropic properties of lipid-modifying therapies, emphasizing their non-lipid effects that contribute to reducing cardiovascular burden and exploring emerging benefits for non-cardiovascular conditions. Mechanistic insights into these actions are discussed alongside their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kounatidis
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Natalia G. Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece;
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Marina Kouveletsou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (N.T.); (E.R.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Eleni Tsaroucha
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Ionică LN, Lința AV, Bătrîn AD, Hâncu IM, Lolescu BM, Dănilă MD, Petrescu L, Mozoș IM, Sturza A, Muntean DM. The Off-Target Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7711. [PMID: 39062954 PMCID: PMC11277154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a novel class of glucose-lowering drugs, have revolutionized the management of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, regardless of the presence of diabetes, and are currently incorporated in the heart failure guidelines. While these drugs have consistently demonstrated their ability to decrease heart failure hospitalizations in several landmark clinical trials, their cardioprotective effects are far from having been completely elucidated. In the past decade, a growing body of experimental research has sought to address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SGLT2i in order to provide a better understanding of the off-target acute and chronic cardiac benefits, beyond the on-target renal effect responsible for blood glucose reduction. The present narrative review addresses the direct cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i, delving into the off-target mechanisms of the drugs currently approved for heart failure therapy, and provides insights into future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana N. Ionică
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Semiotics, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Adina V. Lința
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Alina D. Bătrîn
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Iasmina M. Hâncu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan M. Lolescu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (A.V.L.); (A.D.B.); (I.M.H.); (B.M.L.)
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Maria D. Dănilă
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Ioana M. Mozoș
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (M.D.D.); (L.P.); (I.M.M.); (D.M.M.)
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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135
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Xue Q, Ma Y, Shao H. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Protect Against Atherosclerosis Through Alleviating Foam Cell Formation and Macrophage Polarization. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:263. [PMID: 38997545 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba) on atherosclerosis (AS). THP-1 monocyte was differentiated to THP-1 macrophage (THP-M) through phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. After pre-treatment by 108 cfu/ml Ba lasting 6 h, THP-M was induced with 100 mg/l ox-LDL lasting 48 h to form macrophage foam cell (THP-F). RT-qPCR and flow cytometry were employed to determine the polarization of THP-M and THP-F. ApoE-/- mice with high-fat and high-cholesterol diet were used for constructing an AS model to evaluate the effect of Ba on AS. Our in vitro results showed that Ba vegetative cells pre-treatment distinctly inhibited the levels of iNOS and CD16/CD32 (M1 macrophage markers), and increased the levels of FIZZ1, Ym1, Arg1, CD163, and CD206 (M2 macrophage markers), indicating that Ba pre-treatment promoted anti-inflammatory M2-like polarization both in THP-M and THP-F. Meanwhile, it also suppressed cholesterol uptake, esterification, and hydrolysis, and efflux by THP-M and THP-F. Additionally, our animal experiments demonstrated that Ba vegetative cells treatment suppressed high cholesterol, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and the release of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in ApoE-/- AS mice. In a word, our results indicated that Ba may protect against AS through alleviating foam cell formation and macrophage polarization through targeting certain stages of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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Masson W, Lobo M, Nogueira JP, Corral P, Barbagelata L, Siniawski D. Inhibitors of apolipoprotein C3, triglyceride levels, and risk of pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09893-x. [PMID: 38997541 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, novel apoC3 inhibitor therapies for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia have been developed and assessed through phase II and III clinical trials. The objective of this study was to perform an updated meta-analysis on the impact of new apoC3 inhibitor drugs on triglyceride and apoC3 levels, as well as on the incidence of pancreatitis. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled studies assessing the effects of apoC3 inhibitors therapy (antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA) on triglyceride levels, apoC3 levels, and the occurrence of acute pancreatitis. This meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The random-effects model was performed. Nine randomized clinical trials (n = 717 patients) were considered eligible for this systematic review. ApoC3 inhibitor drugs were consistently associated with decreased triglyceride levels (MD -57.0%; 95% CI -61.9 to -52.1, I2 82%) and lowered apoC3 values (MD -76; 95% CI -80.1 to -71.8, I2 77%) when compared to placebo. Furthermore, the use of apoC3 inhibitor drugs demonstrated a reduction in the risk of acute pancreatitis (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27, I2 0%). The present updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials demonstrated that the utilization of apoC3 inhibitors in patients with hypertriglyceridemia correlated with reduced apoC3 and triglyceride levels, along with a decreased risk of acute pancreatitis compared to the placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Masson
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Peron 4190, Buenos Aires, C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Martín Lobo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Nogueira
- Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolism Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
- International University of the Americas, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Pablo Corral
- Faculty of Medicine, Fasta University, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leandro Barbagelata
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Peron 4190, Buenos Aires, C1199ABB, Argentina
| | - Daniel Siniawski
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Peron 4190, Buenos Aires, C1199ABB, Argentina
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137
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Phillips PCA, de Sousa Loreto Aresta Branco M, Cliff CL, Ward JK, Squires PE, Hills CE. Targeting senescence to prevent diabetic kidney disease: Exploring molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for disease management. Diabet Med 2024:e15408. [PMID: 38995865 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS As a microvascular complication, diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease worldwide. While the underlying pathophysiology driving transition of diabetic kidney disease to renal failure is yet to be fully understood, recent studies suggest that cellular senescence is central in disease development and progression. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms which initiate and drive senescence in response to the diabetic milieu is crucial in developing targeted therapies that halt progression of renal disease. METHODS To understand the mechanistic pathways underpinning cellular senescence in the context of diabetic kidney disease, we reviewed the literature using PubMed for English language articles that contained key words related to senescence, inflammation, fibrosis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), autophagy, and diabetes. RESULTS Aberrant accumulation of metabolically active senescent cells is a notable event in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Through autocrine- and paracrine-mediated mechanisms, resident senescent cells potentiate inflammation and fibrosis through increased expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants, recruitment of immune cells, myofibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix remodelling. Compounds that eliminate senescent cells and/or target the SASP - including senolytic and senomorphics drugs - demonstrate promising results in reducing the senescent cell burden and associated pro-inflammatory effect. CONCLUSIONS Here we evidence the link between senescence and diabetic kidney disease and highlight underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets that could be exploited to delay disease progression and improve outcomes for individuals with the disease. Trials are now required to translate their therapeutic potential to a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joanna Kate Ward
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, College of Health and Science, Lincoln, UK
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138
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Ye H, Yang X, Feng B, Luo P, Torres Irizarry VC, Carrillo-Sáenz L, Yu M, Yang Y, Eappen BP, Munoz MD, Patel N, Schaul S, Ibrahimi L, Lai P, Qi X, Zhou Y, Kota M, Dixit D, Mun M, Liew CW, Jiang Y, Wang C, He Y, Xu P. 27-Hydroxycholesterol acts on estrogen receptor α expressed by POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus to modulate feeding behavior. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi4746. [PMID: 38996023 PMCID: PMC11244552 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Oxysterols are metabolites of cholesterol that regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Among these, the most abundant oxysterol is 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), which can cross the blood-brain barrier. Because 27HC functions as an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator, we hypothesize that 27HC binds to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the brain to regulate energy balance. Supporting this view, we found that delivering 27HC to the brain reduced food intake and activated proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (POMCARH) in an ERα-dependent manner. In addition, we observed that inhibiting brain ERα, deleting ERα in POMC neurons, or chemogenetic inhibition of POMCARH neurons blocked the anorexigenic effects of 27HC. Mechanistically, we further revealed that 27HC stimulates POMCARH neurons by inhibiting the small conductance of the calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel. Together, our findings suggest that 27HC, through its interaction with ERα and modulation of the SK channel, inhibits food intake as a negative feedback mechanism against a surge in circulating cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Pei Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Valeria C. Torres Irizarry
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Leslie Carrillo-Sáenz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Meng Yu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Eappen
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcos David Munoz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nirali Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sarah Schaul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lucas Ibrahimi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Penghua Lai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyue Qi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuliang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Maya Kota
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Devin Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Madeline Mun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Jung M, Choo E, Li S, Deng Z, Li J, Li M, Basran S, Lee S, Langston ME, Chung BI. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease among kidney cancer survivors: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1420333. [PMID: 39070148 PMCID: PMC11272517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1420333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major concern of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. However, few evidence exists on the short- and long-term risk of CVD in kidney cancer (KCa) survivors. Methods In this nationwide, large population-based retrospective cohort study, we used the Korean national health insurance and medical checkup survey linkage database (2007-2021), drawn from the entire Korean population. We included adults diagnosed with KCa as the first primary cancer and matched them to an individual without KCa at a 1:5 ratio. The primary outcome was CVD incidence, including myocardial infarction, stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, peripheral arterial occlusion, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We evaluated CVD risk at 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years following cancer diagnosis, using Fine-Gray competing risk models that accounted for death as a competing factor. Results A total of 149,232 participants were included (KCa survivors: N=20,093 and matched non-KCa individuals: N=129,139). After 6-month follow-up, KCa survivors showed an increased risk of CVD compared to the general population (subdistribution hazard ratio (HR) 2.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31-3.15). After 1 year, KCa survivors had a higher risk of CVD (HR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.56-2.00). After 5 years, this elevated CVD risk remained (HR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.18), with VTE identified as the primary contributing disease (HR=3.05, 95% CI:2.59-3.59). Conclusion KCa survivors had an increased risk of CVD up to 5 years after cancer diagnosis compared to the general population. Our findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive healthcare management for both CVD and KCa throughout cancer survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Jung
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eunjung Choo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shufeng Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zhengyi Deng
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mingyi Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Satvir Basran
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sukhyang Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Marvin E. Langston
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin I. Chung
- Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
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140
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Kim HJ, Ahn E, Kim GH, Noh JH, Bang SR. Impact of perioperative COVID-19 infection on postoperative complication in cesarean section using Korean National Health insurance data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16001. [PMID: 38987620 PMCID: PMC11237102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The vulnerability during pregnancy has raised concerns about the potential impact of COVID-19 on obstetric anesthesia, an essential aspect of maternal care during cesarean section procedures. To evaluate the influence of COVID-19 infection on obstetric anesthesia during cesarean section, we analyzed the data from Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS). This retrospective study utilized data from Korean NHIS. We included patients admitted with operation codes specific to cesarean section between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. We classified patients into a COVID (+) group with a diagnosis code (U071) 30 days around surgery and a COVID (-) group without the code in the same period. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality that was defined as death within 30 days of admission due to any causes. Secondary outcomes were pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS], pulmonary thromboembolism [PTE], or unexpected postoperative mechanical ventilation), ICU admission, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction [MI], other thromboembolic events, surgical site infection, sepsis, acute renal failure [ARF], and hepatic failure. Among 75,268 patients who underwent cesarean section, 107 had a COVID-19 diagnosis code, while 75,161 did not. After 1:4 propensity score matching (PSM), 535 patients were included in each group. 30-day mortality showed no significant differences between the two groups both before and after PSM. The COVID (+) group demonstrated significantly elevated rates of pneumonia, ARDS, PTE, and surgical site infection both before and after PSM. Hospital length of stay and admission costs were also significantly longer and higher, respectively, in the COVID (+) group before and after PSM. In subgroup analysis, no differences were observed in mortality and postoperative complications based on the anesthesia method after matching. COVID-19 infection is associated with increased rates of postoperative complications, including pneumonia, ARDS, PTE, surgical site infection, longer hospital stays, and increased admission costs, in patients who underwent cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 110, Deokan-Ro, Gwangmyeong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - EunJin Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 110, Deokan-Ro, Gwangmyeong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunn Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Noh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Ra Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 110, Deokan-Ro, Gwangmyeong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
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Osataphan N, Abdel-Qadir H, Zebrowska AM, Borowiec A. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors During Cancer Therapy: Benefits, Risks, and Ongoing Clinical Trials. Curr Oncol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11912-024-01577-8. [PMID: 38990501 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this paper is to summarize the data pertaining to the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) for the prevention of cardiotoxicity in patients receiving anthracyclines for cancer treatment. We discuss the potential efficacy of this class of medications, incorporating insights from existing literature and ongoing studies. RECENT FINDINGS SGLT2i are a class of medications which were initially developed for treatment of Type 2 diabetes and later extended to treat heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction regardless of diabetes status. There remains a need for effective and safe treatments to preventing cardiotoxicity in anthracycline-treated patients. It has been proposed that SGLT2i may provide protection against the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines. Some of the proposed mechanisms include beneficial metabolic, neurohormonal, and hemodynamic effects, renal protection, as well as a decrease in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ion homeostasis. There is emerging evidence from basic science and observational studies that SGLT2i may play a role in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Randomized controlled trials are needed to conclusively determine the role of SGLT2 inhibitors as a cardioprotective therapy in patients receiving anthracyclines for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichanan Osataphan
- Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Husam Abdel-Qadir
- Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Maria Zebrowska
- Department of Cancer & Cardio-Oncology Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena Str 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
- Unit for Screening Studies in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Borowiec
- Department of Cancer & Cardio-Oncology Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena Str 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
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Won JH, Hong Y, Kim S, Lee H. One-year post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and mortality in South Korea: a nationwide matched cohort study using claims data. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1403153. [PMID: 39050601 PMCID: PMC11266063 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1403153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Current understanding of post-COVID-19 syndrome in South Korea is primarily based on survey studies or research targeting specific patient groups, such as those hospitalized. Moreover, the majority of relevant studies have been conducted in European and North American populations, which may limit their applicability to the South Korean context. To address this gap, our study explores the one-year outcomes of COVID-19, focusing on the potential post-acute syndrome and all-cause mortality in South Korea. Methods This retrospective cohort study used nationwide claims data in South Korea, including adults aged >18 with records between January 20, 2020, and February 25, 2021. Patients were classified into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups and matched 1:1 based on propensity scores. Primary outcomes were 12-month post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and all-cause mortality. Results The study involved 34,802 matched patients. The COVID-19 group had significantly elevated risks of coagulopathies (OR = 2.70 [2.24, 3.28]; p < 0.001), chronic lower respiratory diseases (OR = 1.96 [1.80, 2.14]; p < 0.001), symptoms of the circulatory and respiratory systems (OR = 1.91 [1.80, 2.04]; p < 0.001), mood disorders (OR = 1.67 [1.51, 1.86]; p < 0.001), cardiac diseases (OR = 1.39 [1.21, 1.59]; p < 0.001), and symptoms of cognition, perception, emotional state, and behavior (OR = 1.15 [1.04, 1.27]; p = 0.005). All-cause mortality was higher in the COVID-19 group during the 6 months (OR = 1.34 [1.06, 1.69]; p = 0.015), but gradually decreased, reaching an OR of 0.996 ([0.83, 1.19]; p = 0.964) at 1 year. Conclusion In South Korea, the 12-month post-acute COVID-19 syndrome includes coagulopathies, respiratory issues, mood disorders, and cardiac diseases. The risk of all-cause mortality post-COVID-19 is heightened for up to 6 months, then significantly decreases and resolves within a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Won
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siun Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Taktaz F, Fontanella RA, Scisciola L, Pesapane A, Basilicata MG, Ghosh P, Franzese M, Tortorella G, Puocci A, Vietri MT, Capuano A, Paolisso G, Barbieri M. Bridging the gap between GLP1-receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes: evidence for the role of tirzepatide. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:242. [PMID: 38987789 PMCID: PMC11238498 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tirzepatide is a new drug targeting glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptors. This drug has demonstrated great potential in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes. It can lead to weight loss, better glycemic control, and reduced cardiometabolic risk factors. GLP1 receptor agonists have been proven effective antidiabetic medications with possible cardiovascular benefits. Even though they have been proven to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, their effectiveness in treating heart failure is unknown. Unlike traditional GLP1 receptor agonists, tirzepatide is more selective for the GIP receptor, resulting in a more balanced activation of these receptors. This review article discusses the possible mechanisms tirzepatide may use to improve cardiovascular health. That includes the anti-inflammatory effect, the ability to reduce cell death and promote autophagy, and also its indirect effects through blood pressure, obesity, and glucose/lipid metabolism. Additionally, tirzepatide may benefit atherosclerosis and lower the risk of major adverse cardiac events. Currently, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide in patients with heart failure. Overall, tirzepatide's dual agonism of GLP1 and GIP receptors appears to provide encouraging cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control, offering a potential new therapeutic option for treating cardiovascular diseases and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taktaz
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovanna Basilicata
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Franzese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tortorella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Puocci
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Clinical and Molecular Pathology, A.O.U. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- UniCamillus, International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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144
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Yang T, Liu Z, Xiu M, Qing X, Liu S, Xiao W, Lü M. Sarcopenia-related traits and 10 digestive system disorders: insight from genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1412842. [PMID: 39050602 PMCID: PMC11267997 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1412842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite observational studies suggest hypotheses indicating a potential link, the precise causal connection between sarcopenia and digestive system illnesses has not been clearly defined. Methods We first use Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) testing to determine the genetic correlation of traits associated with sarcopenia and 10 specific gastrointestinal diseases. Subsequently, we performed a set of bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to gauge the genetic inclination towards sarcopenia-related traits in relation to each gastrointestinal condition, individually, across the FinnGen, UK Biobank, and other extensive collaborative consortia. The analytical outcomes were synthesized using a fixed-effects meta-analytic model. For outcomes indicating substantial causal impacts, mediation MR analyses were executed. Additionally, a battery of sensitivity analyses was conducted to evaluate the study's strength and dependability. Results Our findings established a strong causal link between appendicular lean mass and gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR = 0.8607; 95% CI: 0.8345-0.8877; p < 0.0001) and a noteworthy correlation with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (OR = 0.7981; 95% CI: 0.7281-0.8749; p < 0.0001), as per the meta-analysis data. We also evaluated the intermediary role of metabolic disorders in the association between appendicular lean mass and the aforementioned diseases. The intermediary effect towards gastroesophageal reflux disease is quantified as 0.0087 (95% CI, 8e-04, 0.0183), accounting for 5.9398% (95% CI, 0.5462, 12.4940%) of the overall effect. For non-alcoholic fatty liver, the intermediary impact is 0.0150 (95% CI, 0.0050, 0.0270), representing 19.7808% (95% CI, 6.5936, 35.6055%) of the total effect. Conclusion The findings posit that augmenting muscle mass may serve as a preventative strategy against gastroesophageal reflux disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver, highlighting the critical role of metabolic disorder management in reducing the risks of these sarcopenia-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Xiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Qing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wanmeng Xiao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
| | - Muhan Lü
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Human Microecology and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
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145
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Chen C, Zhong W, Zheng H, Dai G, Zhao W, Wang Y, Dong Q, Shen B. The role of uromodulin in cardiovascular disease: a review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1417593. [PMID: 39049957 PMCID: PMC11267628 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1417593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin, also referred to as Tamm Horsfall protein (THP), is a renal protein exclusively synthesized by the kidneys and represents the predominant urinary protein under normal physiological conditions. It assumes a pivotal role within the renal system, contributing not only to ion transport and immune modulation but also serving as a critical factor in the prevention of urinary tract infections and kidney stone formation. Emerging evidence indicates that uromodulin may serve as a potential biomarker extending beyond renal function. Recent clinical investigations and Mendelian randomization studies have unveiled a discernible association between urinary regulatory protein levels and cardiovascular events and mortality. This review primarily delineates the intricate relationship between uromodulin and cardiovascular disease, elucidates its predictive utility as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular events, and delves into its involvement in various physiological and pathophysiological facets of the cardiovascular system, incorporating recent advancements in corresponding genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Chen
- Department of Cardiology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wentao Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gaoying Dai
- Department of Cardiology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Department of Cardiology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Cardiology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Botao Shen
- Department of Cardiology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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146
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Javed M, Goswami DK, Raj H, Lohana K, Goswami B, Karim A, Warayo A, Farooqi P, Alamy H, Ullah ZO, Mohammad A, Farooqi SA, Ali H, Shuja D, Malik J, Baloch ZQ. Cardiac Manifestations in Inherited Metabolic Diseases. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00299. [PMID: 38980048 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) stem from genetic defects affecting enzyme function within specific metabolic pathways, collectively constituting rare conditions with an incidence of less than 1/100,000 births. While IMDs typically manifest with multisystemic symptoms, cardiac manifestations are common, notably hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Additionally, they can lead to dilated or restrictive cardiomyopathy, as well as noncompacted left ventricular cardiomyopathy. Rhythm disturbances such as atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and ventricular arrhythmias, along with valvular pathologies and ischemic coronary issues, are also prevalent. This study aims to provide a narrative review of IMDs associated with cardiac involvement, delineating the specific cardiac manifestations of each disorder alongside systemic symptoms pivotal for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeena Javed
- From the Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Danish Kumar Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hem Raj
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Lohana
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Barkha Goswami
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Karim
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Allah Warayo
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Palwasha Farooqi
- Department of Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Haroon Alamy
- Department of Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Sciences, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Zainab Obaid Ullah
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Syed Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hafsah Ali
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Darab Shuja
- Department of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
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147
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Xu D, Yang X, Wu W, Yang J. Identification of Novel Protein Biomarkers and Drug Targets for Acne Vulgaris by Integrating Human Plasma Proteome with Genome-Wide Association Data. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4431-4441. [PMID: 39006495 PMCID: PMC11246077 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s463450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the availability of numerous therapies, the treatment of acne vulgaris remains challenging. Novel drug targets for acne vulgaris are still needed. Methods We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to explore possible drug targets for acne vulgaris. We utilized summary statistics obtained from the dataset of acne vulgaris, including 399,413 individuals of European ancestry. We gathered genetic instruments for 566 plasma proteins from genome-wide association studies. In order to strengthen the findings from Mendelian randomization, various methods were employed, including bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis, Bayesian co-localization, phenotype scanning, and single-cell analysis. These methods facilitated the identification of reverse causality, the search for reported variant-trait associations, and the determination of the cell types that is the primary source of protein. Furthermore, using the plasma proteins in the deCODE cohort, we conducted a replication of the Mendelian randomization analysis as an external validation. Results At the significance level of Bonferroni (P < 8.83×10-5), a protein-acne pair was discovered through Mendelian randomization analysis. In plasma, increasing TIMP4 (OR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.21; P = 1.01×10-7) increased the risk of acne vulgaris. The absence of reverse causality was observed in the TIMP4 protein. According to Bayesian co-localization analysis, TIMP4 shared the same variant with acne vulgaris (PPH4 = 0.93). TIMP4 was replicated in deCODE cohort (OR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.24; P = 1.48×10-7). Single-cell analysis revealed that TIMP4 was predominantly detected in myeloid cells in blood, and was detected in almost all cell types in skin tissue. Conclusion The integrative analysis revealed that the level of plasma TIMP4 has a direct influence on the risk of developing acne vulgaris. This implies that TIMP4 protein could serve as a potential target for the development of drugs aimed at treating acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
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148
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Lee B, Lee YK, Kim SH, Oh H, Won S, Jang SY, Jeon YJ, Yoo BN, Bak JK. Impact of linkage level on inferences from big data analyses in health and medical research: an empirical study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:193. [PMID: 38982481 PMCID: PMC11234607 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linkage errors that occur according to linkage levels can adversely affect the accuracy and reliability of analysis results. This study aimed to identify the differences in results according to personally identifiable information linkage level, sample size, and analysis methods through empirical analysis. METHODS The difference between the results of linkage in directly identifiable information (DII) and indirectly identifiable information (III) linkage levels was set as III linkage based on name, date of birth, and sex and DII linkage based on resident registration number. The datasets linked at each level were named as databaseIII (DBIII) and databaseDII (DBDII), respectively. Considering the analysis results of the DII-linked dataset as the gold standard, descriptive statistics, group comparison, incidence estimation, treatment effect, and moderation effect analysis results were assessed. RESULTS The linkage rates for DBDII and DBIII were 71.1% and 99.7%, respectively. Regarding descriptive statistics and group comparison analysis, the difference in effect in most cases was "none" to "very little." With respect to cervical cancer that had a relatively small sample size, analysis of DBIII resulted in an underestimation of the incidence in the control group and an overestimation of the incidence in the treatment group (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.62 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63-4.23] in DBIII vs. 1.80 [95% CI: 1.18-2.73] in DBDII). Regarding prostate cancer, there was a conflicting tendency with the treatment effect being over or underestimated according to the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results summary staging (HR = 2.27 [95% CI: 1.91-2.70] in DBIII vs. 1.92 [95% CI: 1.70-2.17] in DBDII for the localized stage; HR = 1.80 [95% CI: 1.37-2.36] in DBIII vs. 2.05 [95% CI: 1.67-2.52] in DBDII for the regional stage). CONCLUSIONS To prevent distortion of the analyses results in health and medical research, it is important to check that the patient population and sample size by each factor of interest (FOI) are sufficient when different data are linked using DBDII. In cases involving a rare disease or with a small sample size for FOI, there is a high likelihood that a DII linkage is unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lee
- Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Urologic Cancer Center, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJin Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection of National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yong Jang
- Department of Healthcare Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Jeon
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bit-Na Yoo
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA), 3-5F 400, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul, 04933, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean-Kyung Bak
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA), 3-5F 400, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul, 04933, Republic of Korea.
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Lin YH, Lin MH, Shi CS, Lin YS, Lin CL, Yang YH, Liao YS, Chen MY, Tsai MH, Lin MS. The impact of fetuin-A on predicting aortic arch calcification: secondary analysis of a community-based survey. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1415438. [PMID: 39040998 PMCID: PMC11260669 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1415438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is associated with a high mortality rate due to vascular calcification. The role of fetuin-A in aortic arch calcification (AAC) is less well understood. Methods An analysis of secondary biomarkers was performed on 800 individuals from the biobank using the community database. AAC was defined by radiologists based on imaging. Multiple variables logical analysis was used for risk analysis. Results A total of 736 individual samples were collected based on age and gender. The average age is 65 ± 10 years, and half the population comprises men. In spite of similar body weight, renal function, and hepatic function, the AAC group had higher blood pressure and fetuin-A levels independently: systolic blood pressure (SBP) index ≥130 mmHg [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-2.57, p = 0.002] and fetuin-A (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.76, p < 0.001). Moreover, it is evident that AAC can be predicted more accurately when combined with SBP ≥130 mmHg and a low fetuin-A level (<358 μg/ml: aOR 5.39, 95% CI 3.21-9.08) compared with the reference. Conclusion Low fetuin-A levels are significantly correlated with AAC while there is an increased association between vascular calcification and coexisting hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hung Lin
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-San Liao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yen Chen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
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150
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Ozcagli E, Kubickova B, Jacobs MN. Addressing chemically-induced obesogenic metabolic disruption: selection of chemicals for in vitro human PPARα, PPARγ transactivation, and adipogenesis test methods. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1401120. [PMID: 39040675 PMCID: PMC11260640 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst western diet and sedentary lifestyles heavily contribute to the global obesity epidemic, it is likely that chemical exposure may also contribute. A substantial body of literature implicates a variety of suspected environmental chemicals in metabolic disruption and obesogenic mechanisms. Chemically induced obesogenic metabolic disruption is not yet considered in regulatory testing paradigms or regulations, but this is an internationally recognised human health regulatory development need. An early step in the development of relevant regulatory test methods is to derive appropriate minimum chemical selection lists for the target endpoint and its key mechanisms, such that the test method can be suitably optimised and validated. Independently collated and reviewed reference and proficiency chemicals relevant for the regulatory chemical universe that they are intended to serve, assist regulatory test method development and validation, particularly in relation to the OECD Test Guidelines Programme. To address obesogenic mechanisms and modes of action for chemical hazard assessment, key initiating mechanisms include molecular-level Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) α and γ agonism and the tissue/organ-level key event of perturbation of the adipogenesis process that may lead to excess white adipose tissue. Here we present a critical literature review, analysis and evaluation of chemicals suitable for the development, optimisation and validation of human PPARα and PPARγ agonism and human white adipose tissue adipogenesis test methods. The chemical lists have been derived with consideration of essential criteria needed for understanding the strengths and limitations of the test methods. With a weight of evidence approach, this has been combined with practical and applied aspects required for the integration and combination of relevant candidate test methods into test batteries, as part of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment for metabolic disruption. The proposed proficiency and reference chemical list includes a long list of negatives and positives (20 chemicals for PPARα, 21 for PPARγ, and 11 for adipogenesis) from which a (pre-)validation proficiency chemicals list has been derived.
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