101
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Wang J, Fourriere L, Gleeson PA. Advances in the cell biology of the trafficking and processing of amyloid precursor protein: impact of familial Alzheimer's disease mutations. Biochem J 2024; 481:1297-1325. [PMID: 39302110 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The production of neurotoxic amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) is central to the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and involves sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. APP and the secretases are transmembrane proteins and their co-localisation in the same membrane-bound sub-compartment is necessary for APP cleavage. The intracellular trafficking of APP and the β-secretase, BACE1, is critical in regulating APP processing and Aβ production and has been studied in several cellular systems. Here, we summarise the intracellular distribution and transport of APP and its secretases, and the intracellular location for APP cleavage in non-polarised cells and neuronal models. In addition, we review recent advances on the potential impact of familial AD mutations on APP trafficking and processing. This is critical information in understanding the molecular mechanisms of AD progression and in supporting the development of novel strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lou Fourriere
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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102
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Kaur H, Chitkara M, Mathai E, Gurao A, Vasisth R, Dige MS, Mukesh M, Sriranga KR, Singh P, Kataria RS. Polymorphism detection and characterization of sperm cells chromatin remodeling associated genes in Murrah buffalo. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:318. [PMID: 39356339 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal variations significantly impact buffalo bull semen production and quality, particularly during the summer months. Understanding the genetic basis of these changes is important for managing bull fertility and improving sperm quality. The present study focused on characterizing and identifying polymorphisms in chromatin remodeling genes, protamines (PRMs) and Transition Nuclear Proteins (TNPs) in Murrah buffalo bulls with varying semen quality due to seasonal effects. Our findings revealed none of the coding region variation in PRM1, PRM2, TNP1, and TNP2, these genes are highly conserved in buffalo. Two intronic variants were identified, including G16C in PRM1 intron 1 and intronic SNP in PRM2 intron 1 (G96A). The complete CDS of consensus sequence of bubaline PRM1 was 86.3% identical and 94.1% similar to the bovine PRM1. Whereas the complete CDS of consensus sequence of bubaline TNP2 was 78.2% identical and 91.0% similar to bovine TNP2. Further, no statistically significant differences in the fold change of TNP1, TNP2, PRM1, and PRM2 levels between the hot summer SNA and SA groups and the winter SNA and SA groups This study represents the first comprehensive report on the characterization of bubaline PRM1 (complete CDS), PRM2 (partial CDS), TNP1 (partial CDS), and TNP2 (complete CDS) genes in buffalo sperm cells. Results of the study, clearly indicate that the genes associated with protamine (PRM1 and TNP2) are highly conserved in Bubalus bubalis. Understanding these genetic underpinnings can have implications for improving buffalo bull fertility and semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana), India
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), India
| | - Meenakshi Chitkara
- ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana), India
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), India
| | - Eldho Mathai
- ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana), India
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), India
| | - Ankita Gurao
- ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana), India
| | - Rashi Vasisth
- ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana), India
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), India
| | | | - Manishi Mukesh
- ICAR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana), India
| | | | - Pawan Singh
- ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (Haryana), India
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103
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Diggines B, Whittle S, Yadav I, Holmes EP, Rollins DE, Catley TE, Doyle PS, Pyne ALB. Multiscale topological analysis of kinetoplast DNA via high-resolution AFM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39354753 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Kinetoplast DNA is a complex nanoscale network, naturally assembled from thousands of interconnected DNA circles within the mitochondrion of certain parasites. Despite the relevance of this molecule to parasitology and the recent discovery of tuneable mechanics, its topology remains highly contested. Here we present a multiscale analysis into the structure of kDNA using a combination of high-resolution atomic force microscopy and custom-designed image analysis protocols. By capturing a notably large set of high-resolution images, we are able to look beyond individual kDNA variations and quantify population properties throughout several length scales. Within the sample, geometric fluctuations of area and mean curvature are observed, corresponding with previous in vitro measurements. These translate to localised variations in density, with a sample-wide decrease in DNA density from the outer rim of the molecule to the centre and an increase in pore size. Nodes were investigated in a single molecule study, and their estimated connectivity significantly exceeded mean valence, with a high dependence on their position in the network. While node separation was approximately half the minicircle circumference, it followed a strong bimodal distribution, suggesting more complex underlying behaviour. Finally, upon selective digestion of the network, breakdown of the fibril-cap heterogeneity was observed, with molecules expanding less upon immobilisation on the mica surface. Additionally, preferential digestion was seen in localised areas of the network, increasing pore size disproportionately. Overall, the combination of high-resolution AFM and single molecule image analysis provides a promising method to the continued investigation of complex nanoscale structures. These findings support the ongoing characterisation of kDNA topology to aid understanding of its biological and mechanical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Diggines
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Sylvia Whittle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Indresh Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Elizabeth P Holmes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Daniel E Rollins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Thomas E Catley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Alice L B Pyne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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104
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Jones DJ, Soundararajan D, Taylor NK, Aimiuwu OV, Mathkar P, Shore A, Teoh JJ, Wang W, Sands TT, Weston MC, Harper SQ, Frankel WN. Effective knockdown-replace gene therapy in a novel mouse model of DNM1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Mol Ther 2024; 32:3318-3330. [PMID: 39127888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective gene therapy for gain-of-function or dominant-negative disease mutations may require eliminating expression of the mutant copy together with wild-type replacement. We evaluated such a knockdown-replace strategy in a mouse model of DNM1 disease, a debilitating and intractable neurodevelopmental epilepsy. To challenge the approach robustly, we expressed a patient-based variant in GABAergic neurons-which resulted in growth delay and lethal seizures evident by postnatal week three-and delivered to newborn pups an AAV9-based vector encoding a ubiquitously expressed, Dnm1-specific interfering RNA (RNAi) bivalently in tail-to-tail configuration with a neuron-specific, RNAi-resistant, codon-optimized Dnm1 cDNA. Pups receiving RNAi or cDNA alone fared no better than untreated pups, whereas the vast majority of mutants receiving modest doses survived with almost full growth recovery. Synaptic recordings of cortical neurons derived from treated pups revealed that significant alterations in transmission from inhibitory to excitatory neurons were rectified by bivalent vector application. To examine the mutant transcriptome and impact of treatment, we used RNA sequencing and functional annotation clustering. Mutants displayed abnormal expression of more than 1,000 genes in highly significant and relevant functional clusters, clusters that were abrogated by treatment. Together these results suggest knockdown-replace as a potentially effective strategy for treating DNM1 and related genetic neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin J Jones
- Department of Genetics and Development and Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodevelopmental Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Divya Soundararajan
- Department of Genetics and Development and Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodevelopmental Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noah K Taylor
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Osasumwen V Aimiuwu
- Department of Genetics and Development and Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodevelopmental Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pranav Mathkar
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Amy Shore
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jia Jie Teoh
- Department of Genetics and Development and Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodevelopmental Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wanqi Wang
- Department of Genetics and Development and Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodevelopmental Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tristan T Sands
- Department of Genetics and Development and Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodevelopmental Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew C Weston
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Scott Q Harper
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wayne N Frankel
- Department of Genetics and Development and Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodevelopmental Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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105
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Telang AC, Ference-Salo JT, McElliott MC, Chowdhury M, Beamish JA. Sustained alterations in proximal tubule gene expression in primary culture associate with HNF4A loss. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22927. [PMID: 39358473 PMCID: PMC11447228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cultures of proximal tubule cells are widely used to model the behavior of kidney epithelial cells in vitro. However, de-differentiation of primary cells upon culture has been observed and appreciated for decades, yet the mechanisms driving this phenomenon remain poorly understood. This confounds the interpretation of experiments using primary kidney epithelial cells and prevents their use to engineer functional kidney tissue ex vivo. In this report, we measure the dynamics of cell-state transformations in early primary culture of mouse proximal tubules to identify key pathways and processes that correlate with and may drive de-differentiation. Our data show that the loss of proximal-tubule-specific genes is rapid, uniform, and sustained even after confluent, polarized epithelial monolayers develop. This de-differentiation occurs uniformly across many common culture condition variations. Changes in early culture were strongly associated with the loss of HNF4A. Exogenous re-expression of HNF4A can promote expression of a subset of proximal tubule genes in a de-differentiated proximal tubule cell line. Using genetically labeled proximal tubule cells, we show that selective pressures very early in culture influence which cells grow to confluence. Together, these data indicate that the loss of in vivo function in proximal tubule cultures occurs very early and suggest that the sustained loss of HNF4A is a key regulatory event mediating this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha C Telang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, SPC 5364, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jenna T Ference-Salo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, SPC 5364, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Madison C McElliott
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, SPC 5364, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mahboob Chowdhury
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, SPC 5364, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Beamish
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, SPC 5364, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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106
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Sou YS, Yamaguchi J, Masuda K, Uchiyama Y, Maeda Y, Koike M. Golgi pH homeostasis stabilizes the lysosomal membrane through N-glycosylation of membrane proteins. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402677. [PMID: 39079741 PMCID: PMC11289521 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation plays a vital role in various cellular functions, many of which occur within the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi pH regulator (GPHR) is essential for the proper functioning of the Golgi apparatus. The lysosomal membrane contains highly glycosylated membrane proteins in abundance. This study investigated the role of the Golgi luminal pH in N-glycosylation of lysosomal membrane proteins and the effect of this protein modification on membrane stability using Gphr-deficient MEFs. We showed that Gphr deficiency causes an imbalance in the Golgi luminal pH, resulting in abnormal protein N-glycosylation, indicated by a reduction in sialylated glycans and markedly reduced molecular weight of glycoproteins. Further experiments using FRAP and PLA revealed that Gphr deficiency prevented the trafficking dynamics and proximity condition of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus. In addition, incomplete N-glycosylation of lysosomal membrane proteins affected lysosomal membrane stability, as demonstrated by the increased susceptibility to lysosomal damage. Thus, this study highlights the critical role of Golgi pH regulation in controlling protein glycosylation and the impact of Golgi dysfunction on lysosomal membrane stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shin Sou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Junji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Masuda
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- https://ror.org/035t8zc32 Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
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107
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Gordon R. The chromolinker hypothesis: Are eukaryotic genomes also circular? Biosystems 2024; 244:105280. [PMID: 39097218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Over more than the past century, reports that chromosomes in Eukaryotes are linked have been published. Recently this has been confirmed by micromanipulation. The chromolinkers are DNAse sensitive, as has been previously reported. The arguments for and against chromolinkers have been reviewed, and a call for definitive research made, because if chromolinkers do exist, the whole basis for genetics may require revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gordon
- Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory & Aquarium, 222 Clark Drive, Panacea, FL, 32346, USA.
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108
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Dobson DA, Fish RJ, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Neerman-Arbez M, Wolberg AS. Regulation of fibrinogen synthesis. Thromb Res 2024; 242:109134. [PMID: 39216273 PMCID: PMC11381137 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The plasma protein fibrinogen is encoded by 3 structural genes (FGA, FGB, and FGG) that are transcribed to mRNA, spliced, and translated to 3 polypeptide chains (Aα, Bβ, and γ, respectively). These chains are targeted for secretion, decorated with post-translational modifications, and assembled into a hexameric "dimer of trimers" (AαBβγ)2. Fully assembled fibrinogen is secreted into the blood as a 340 kDa glycoprotein. Fibrinogen is one of the most prevalent coagulation proteins in blood, and its expression is induced by inflammatory cytokines, wherein circulating fibrinogen levels may increase up to 3-fold during acute inflammatory events. Abnormal levels of circulating fibrinogen are associated with bleeding and thrombotic disorders, as well as several inflammatory diseases. Notably, therapeutic strategies to modulate fibrinogen levels have shown promise in experimental models of disease. Herein, we review pathways mediating fibrinogen synthesis, from gene expression to secretion. Knowledge of these mechanisms may lead to the identification of biomarkers and new therapeutic targets to modulate fibrinogen in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dre'Von A Dobson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard J Fish
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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109
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Mehta D, Sanhueza CA. Interglycosidic C5-C6 rotamer distributions of alkyl O-rutinosides. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109251. [PMID: 39208606 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The conformational study of carbohydrates is critical to understand the molecular recognition mechanisms underlying their biological functions. Moreover, the systematic study of their conformational patterns can unlock useful tools to design optimized glycomimetics and drug candidates. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we studied the interglycosidic rotamer equilibria of ester-protected and deprotected alkyl O-rutinosides (α-L-Rha(1,6)β-D-GlcOR). In the protected series, the equilibrium about the C5-C6 bond distributes among the three possible rotamers gg, gt, and tg, being gt the predominant conformer. In these series, the flexibility about C5-C6 shows a marked dependency on the aglycone's structure, where the increase on the aglycone's volume leads to a progressive increment on the tg contributions at the expense of gt, with gg remaining practically constant along the series. The removal of the protective groups results in rutinosides displaying an equilibrium equally distributed between gg and gt with no tg contributions regardless of the aglycone's structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Carlos A Sanhueza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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110
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Power G, Ferreira-Santos L, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Integrating molecular and cellular components of endothelial shear stress mechanotransduction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H989-H1003. [PMID: 39178024 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The lining of blood vessels is constantly exposed to mechanical forces exerted by blood flow against the endothelium. Endothelial cells detect these tangential forces (i.e., shear stress), initiating a host of intracellular signaling cascades that regulate vascular physiology. Thus, vascular health is tethered to the endothelial cells' capacity to transduce shear stress. Indeed, the mechanotransduction of shear stress underlies a variety of cardiovascular benefits, including some of those associated with increased physical activity. However, endothelial mechanotransduction is impaired in aging and disease states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, precipitating the development of vascular disease. Understanding endothelial mechanotransduction of shear stress, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which this process becomes defective, is critical for the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets against cardiovascular disease. In this review, we detail the primary mechanosensitive structures that have been implicated in detecting shear stress, including junctional proteins such as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), the extracellular glycocalyx and its components, and ion channels such as piezo1. We delineate which molecules are truly mechanosensitive and which may simply be indispensable for the downstream transmission of force. Furthermore, we discuss how these mechanosensors interact with other cellular structures, such as the cytoskeleton and membrane lipid rafts, which are implicated in translating shear forces to biochemical signals. Based on findings to date, we also seek to integrate these cellular and molecular mechanisms with a view of deciphering endothelial mechanotransduction of shear stress, a tenet of vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Power
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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111
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Wang L, Sun X, Chen J, Li Y, He Y, Wei J, Shen Z, Yoshida S. Macropinocytic cups function as signal platforms for the mTORC2-AKT pathway to modulate LPS-induced cytokine expression in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:738-752. [PMID: 38513294 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a large-scale endocytosis process primarily observed in phagocytes as part of their cellular function to ingest antigens. Once phagocytes encounter gram-negative bacteria, the receptor proteins identify lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), which trigger radical membrane ruffles that gradually change to cup-like structures. The open area of the cups closes to generate vesicles called macropinosomes. The target bacteria are isolated by the cups and engulfed by the cells as the cups close. In addition to its ingestion function, macropinocytosis also regulates the AKT pathway in macrophages. In the current study, we report that macropinocytic cups are critical for LPS-induced AKT phosphorylation (pAKT) and cytokine expression in macrophages. High-resolution scanning electron microscope observations detailed the macropinocytic cup structures induced by LPS stimulation. Confocal microscopy revealed that AKT and the kinase molecule mTORC2 were localized in the cups. The biochemical analysis showed that macropinocytosis inhibition blocked LPS-induced pAKT. RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses revealed that the inhibition of macropinocytosis or the AKT pathway causes a decrease in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines interlukin-6 and interlukin-1α. Moreover, activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB, which regulates the cytokine expression downstream of the AKT/IκB pathway, was hindered when macropinocytosis or AKT was inhibited. These results indicate that LPS-induced macropinocytic cups function as signal platforms for the AKT pathway to regulate the cytokine expression by modulating nuclear factor κB activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Based on these findings, we propose that macropinocytosis may be a good therapeutic target for controlling cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinzi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Organ Transplant Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 24 Fukang Road, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, No. 20 Keyan West Road, Tianjin, China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, No. 20 Keyan West Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Sei Yoshida
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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112
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Polara R, Ganesan R, Pitson SM, Robinson N. Cell autonomous functions of CD47 in regulating cellular plasticity and metabolic plasticity. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:1255-1266. [PMID: 39039207 PMCID: PMC11445524 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor, which is widely known for preventing macrophage-mediated phagocytosis by interacting with signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on the surface of macrophages. In addition to its role in phagocytosis, emerging studies have reported numerous noncanonical functions of CD47 that include regulation of various cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis, differentiation, stress responses, and metabolism. Despite lacking an extensive cytoplasmic signaling domain, CD47 binds to several cytoplasmic proteins, particularly upon engaging with its secreted matricellular ligand, thrombospondin 1. Indeed, the regulatory functions of CD47 are greatly influenced by its interacting partners. These interactions are often cell- and context-specific, adding a further level of complexity. This review addresses the downstream cell-intrinsic signaling pathways regulated by CD47 in various cell types and environments. Some of the key pathways modulated by this receptor include the PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and nitric oxide signaling pathways, as well as those implicated in glucose, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism. These pathways play vital roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis, highlighting the importance of understanding the phagocytosis-independent functions of CD47. Given that CD47 expression is dysregulated in a variety of cancers, improving our understanding of the cell-intrinsic signals regulated by this molecule will help advance the development of CD47-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Polara
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, CECAD Research Center, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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113
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Dobelmann V, Roos A, Hentschel A, Della Marina A, Leo M, Schmitt LI, Maggi L, Schara-Schmidt U, Hagenacker T, Ruck T, Kölbel H. Thrombospondin-4 as potential cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for therapy response in pediatric spinal muscular atrophy. J Neurol 2024; 271:7000-7011. [PMID: 39240344 PMCID: PMC11446971 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in childhood is characterized by the deficiency of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein leading predominantly to degeneration of alpha motor neurons and consequently to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Besides some biomarkers like SMN2 copy number therapeutic biomarkers for SMA with known relevance for neuromuscular transmission are lacking. Here, we examined the potential of Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) to serve as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker, which may also indicate treatment response. METHODS We used untargeted proteomic analyses to determine biomarkers in CSF samples derived from pediatric pre-symptomatic (n = 6) and symptomatic (n = 4) SMA patients. The identified biomarker TSP4 was then validated in additional 68 CSF samples (9 adult and 24 pediatric SMA patients, 5 adult and 13 pediatric non-disease controls in addition to 17 pediatric disease controls) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an additional analytical approach. RESULTS Untargeted proteomic analyses of CSF identified a dysregulation of TSP4 and revealed a difference between pre-symptomatic SMA patients and patients identified after the onset of first symptoms. Subsequent ELISA-analyses showed that TSP4 is decreased in pediatric but not adult SMA patients. CSF of pediatric patients with other neurological disorders demonstrated no alteration of TSP4 levels. Furthermore, CSF TSP4 levels of pediatric SMA patients increased after first dose of Nusinersen. CONCLUSIONS We found that TSP4 levels are exclusively reduced in CSF of pediatric SMA patients and increase after treatment, leading us to the hypothesis that TSP4 could serve as a CSF biomarker with the potential to monitor treatment response in pediatric SMA patients. Moreover, TSP4 enable to distinguish pre-symptomatic and symptomatic patients suggesting a potential to serve as a stratification marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Dobelmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology, and Social Pediatrics, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 5B2, Canada
| | | | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology, and Social Pediatrics, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Leo
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Linda-Isabell Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology, and Social Pediatrics, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Heike Kölbel
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology, and Social Pediatrics, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Yamany AS, Abdel-Gaber R. Influence of adult body size on blood feeding behavior and eggs retention in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:2321-2335. [PMID: 38775450 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses continue to affect billions of people globally, posing a severe health risk and an economic burden. Aedes albopictus (Skuse), a highly invasive mosquito species, has repeatedly invaded and increased its presence, serving as a key vector of dengue virus, yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), causing frequent outbreaks of related viral diseases. This study investigated the impact of larval diet quantity on larval duration and adult body size. The effect of adult mosquito body size on various aspects of Ae. albopictus was also examined, including blood-feeding behavior, follicular development, reproductive capacity, egg retention capacity, preoviposition period, and fecundity. These diverse characteristics all have an effect on arboviruses transmission. The changes in body size (small, medium, and large) are obtained by providing different quantities of larval diet (low, average, and high). The results indicate that the quantity of larval diet directly impacts the adult body size while inversely affecting the larval duration. Furthermore, a positive correlation exists between adult body size and wing length, implying that wing length could be a reliable indicator of adult body size and rearing conditions during the developmental stages. Large females exhibited higher numbers of follicles and greater fecundity. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between follicle number before the first blood meal and total egg number. In contrast, increasing wing length decreased the number of blood meals, egg retention, and the preoviposition period. The tendency of small females to perform multiple feedings was greater than that of large females. Small females exhibited a higher propensity for multiple feeding activities when compared to their larger counterparts. Most medium-sized females (92.8%) deposited eggs in their ovaries, however, 7.2% retained a few. In contrast, most large females (87.4%) had complete ovary egg-laying, whereas a minority (12.6%) retained some of their eggs. About 35.2% of small females showed ovarian egg retention, while 64.8% successfully laid all their eggs. After the first blood meal, the oviposition rate was 92% for large females, 88% for medium females, and 76% for small females. About 69.86% of the follicles in large females underwent vitellogenesis. This finding suggests that small females with low energy reserves exhibited incomplete oviposition and multiple blood feedings to increase their reproductive capacity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Add more information about arbovirus epidemics and their consequences. Aedes albopictus is a global invasive species that transmit dengue virus, CHIKV, YFV, and ZIKV. A negative correlation was observed between body size, egg retention, and multiple blood feedings in Aedes albopictus. Size of the female's body was positively correlated with fecundity, while it was negatively correlated with the preoviposition period. Size-dependent multiple blood feeding affects vector-host contact frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer S Yamany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Biology, University College, Hafr Al Batin University, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vinokurov AY, Palalov AA, Kritskaya KA, Demyanenko SV, Garbuz DG, Evgen'ev MB, Esteras N, Abramov AY. Cell-Permeable HSP70 Protects Neurons and Astrocytes Against Cell Death in the Rotenone-Induced and Familial Models of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7785-7795. [PMID: 38429623 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is activated under stress response. Its involvement in cell protection, including energy metabolism and quality control makes it a promising pharmacological target. A strategy to increase HSP70 levels inside the cells is the application of recombinant HSP70. However, cell permeability and functionality of these exogenously applied proteins inside the cells is still disputable. Here, using fluorescence- labeled HSP70, we have studied permeability and distribution of HSP70 inside primary neurons and astrocytes, and how exogenous HSP70 changes mitochondrial metabolism and mitophagy. We have found that exogenous recombinant HSP70 can penetrate the neurons and astrocytes and distributes in mitochondria, lysosomes and in lesser degree in the endoplasmic reticulum. HSP70 increases mitochondrial membrane potential in control neurons and astrocytes, and in fibroblasts of patients with familial Parkinson´s disease (PD) with PINK1 and LRRK2 mutations. Increased mitochondrial membrane potential was associated with higher mitochondrial ROS production and activation of mitophagy. Importantly, preincubation of the cells with HSP70 protected neurons and astrocytes against cell death in a toxic model of PD induced by rotenone, and in the PINK1 and LRRK2 PD human fibroblasts. Thus, exogenous recombinant HSP70 is cell permeable, and acts as endogenous HSP70 protecting cells in the case of toxic model and familial forms of Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina A Kritskaya
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
| | - David G Garbuz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael B Evgen'ev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Noemi Esteras
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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Paratore TA, Schmidt GE, Ross AH, Gericke A. Thermal stability of bivalent cation/phosphoinositide domains in model membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 264:105424. [PMID: 39098579 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
As key mediators in a wide array of signaling events, phosphoinositides (PIPs) orchestrate the recruitment of proteins to specific cellular locations at precise moments. This intricate spatiotemporal regulation of protein activity often necessitates the localized enrichment of the corresponding PIP. We investigate the extent and thermal stabilities of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) clusters with calcium and magnesium ions. We observe negligible or minimal clustering of all examined PIPs in the presence of Mg2+ ions. While PI(4)P shows in the presence of Ca2+ no clustering, PI(4,5)P2 forms with Ca2+ strong clusters that exhibit stablity up to at least 80°C. The extent of cluster formation for the interaction of PI(3,4,5)P3 with Ca2+ is less than what was observed for PI(4,5)P2, yet we still observe some clustering up to 80°C. Given that cholesterol has been demonstrated to enhance PIP clustering, we examined whether bivalent cations and cholesterol synergistically promote PIP clustering. We found that the interaction of Mg2+ or Ca2+ with PI(4)P remains extraordinarily weak, even in the presence of cholesterol. In contrast, we observe synergistic interaction of cholesterol and Ca2+ with PI(4,5)P2. Also, in the presence of cholesterol, the interaction of Mg2+ with PI(4,5)P2 remains weak. PI(3,4,5)P3 does not show strong clustering with cholesterol for the experimental conditions of our study and the interaction with Ca2+ and Mg2+ was not influenced by the presence of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Paratore
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Greta E Schmidt
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Alonzo H Ross
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Arne Gericke
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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117
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Zalon AJ, Quiriconi DJ, Pitcairn C, Mazzulli JR. α-Synuclein: Multiple pathogenic roles in trafficking and proteostasis pathways in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:612-635. [PMID: 38420922 PMCID: PMC11358363 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241232963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. A hallmark of both familial and sporadic PD is the presence of Lewy body inclusions composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn), a presynaptic protein encoded by the SNCA gene. The mechanisms driving the relationship between α-syn accumulation and neurodegeneration are not completely understood, although recent evidence indicates that multiple branches of the proteostasis pathway are simultaneously perturbed when α-syn aberrantly accumulates within neurons. Studies from patient-derived midbrain cultures that develop α-syn pathology through the endogenous expression of PD-causing mutations show that proteostasis disruption occurs at the level of synthesis/folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), downstream ER-Golgi trafficking, and autophagic-lysosomal clearance. Here, we review the fundamentals of protein transport, highlighting the specific steps where α-syn accumulation may intervene and the downstream effects on proteostasis. Current therapeutic efforts are focused on targeting single pathways or proteins, but the multifaceted pathogenic role of α-syn throughout the proteostasis pathway suggests that manipulating several targets simultaneously will provide more effective disease-modifying therapies for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie J Zalon
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Drew J Quiriconi
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caleb Pitcairn
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yuan L, Li W, Hu S, Wang Y, Wang S, Tian H, Sun X, Yang X, Hu M, Zhang Y. Protective effects of ginsenosides on ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review to reveal the mechanisms of action. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:3079-3098. [PMID: 38977646 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon. Ginsenoside may be an ideal agent for UC treatment. However, its efficacy and safety are unknown. We aim to conduct a systematic evaluation to assess the effects and potential mechanisms of ginsenosides in animal models of UC. METHODS Six electronic databases will be searched (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (CQVIP), and Wanfang Data Knowledge). SYRCLE list will be used to assess the quality of literature, and STATA 15.1 for data analysis. Time-dose effects analysis will be used to reveal the time-dosage response relations between ginsenosides and UC. RESULTS Ultimately, fifteen studies involving 300 animals were included. Preliminary evidence was shown that ginsenosides could reduce Disease Activity Index (DAI) scores, weight loss, histological colitis score (HCS), spleen weight, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and increase colon length (CL), myeloperoxidase (GSH), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10), Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Results of time-dose interval analysis indicated that ginsenosides at a dosage of 5-200 mg/kg with an intervention time of 7-28 days were relatively effective. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical evidence suggests that ginsenoside is a novel treatment for UC. And the mechanisms of ginsenosides in treating UC may involve anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, barrier protection, intestinal flora regulation, and immune regulation. Although, due to the high heterogeneity, further large-scale and high-quality preclinical studies are needed to examine the protection of ginsenosides against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangyuan Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huai'e Tian
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuhui Sun
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuli Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyun Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Kondo S, Shiga S, Sakurai T. Elastin microfibril interface-located protein 1 in fibroblasts is regulated by amphiregulin and interleukin-1α produced by keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:680-690. [PMID: 38356201 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The structure of elastic fibres changes with ageing. Elastin microfibril interface-located protein 1 (EMILIN-1) is known to contribute to structural changes in elastic fibres. EMILIN-1 is one of the components of elastic fibres and also colocalizes with oxytalan fibres near the epidermis. Therefore, EMILIN-1 may be affected by epidermal-dermal interactions. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors involved in epidermal-dermal interactions during the structural degeneration of elastic fibres. METHODS Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were co-cultured, and changes in elastic fibre-related proteins were evaluated. Additionally, cytokine arrays were used to identify the factors involved in epidermal-dermal interactions. RESULTS EMILIN-1 expression in fibroblasts was increased in the presence of keratinocytes, and its expression decreased when keratinocytes were stressed. Amphiregulin (AREG) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) were identified as the keratinocyte-derived cytokines that influence the production of EMILIN-1, which is secreted by the fibroblasts. EMILIN-1 expression was promoted by AREG and decreased by IL-1α via an increase in cathepsin K (a catabolic enzyme). AREG and IL-1α were associated with changes in EMILIN-1 levels in fibroblasts. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the suppression of IL-1α expression and promotion of AREG expression in the epidermis could be a new approach that prevents the wrinkles and sagging caused by the structural changes in elastic fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kondo
- FANCL Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Soichiro Shiga
- FANCL Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
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Tan ESJ, Choi H, DeFilippi CR, Oon YY, Chan SP, Gong L, Lunaria JB, Liew OW, Chong JPC, Tay ELW, Soo WM, Yip JWL, Yong QW, Lee EM, Daniel Yeo PS, Ding ZP, Tang HC, Ewe SH, Chin CWL, Chai SC, Goh PP, Ling LF, Ong HY, Richards AM, Ling LH. Circulating Plasma Proteins in Aortic Stenosis: Associations With Severity, Myocardial Response, and Clinical Outcomes. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035486. [PMID: 39344657 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echocardiographic indexes of aortic stenosis may not comprehensively reflect disease morbidity. Plasma proteomic profiling may add prognostic value in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Proximity extension assays (Olink) of 183 circulating cardiovascular and inflammatory proteins were performed in a prospective follow-up study of 122 asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patients (mean±SD age, 69.1±10.9 years; 61% men) with moderate to severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Protein signatures of higher-risk echocardiographic subgroups were determined. Associations of proteins with the primary composite outcome (heart failure hospitalization, progression to New York Heart Association class III-IV, or all-cause mortality) were evaluated using competing risk analyses, with aortic valve replacement being the competing risk. Network analysis unveiled mutually exclusive communities of proteins and echocardiographic parameters, connected only through NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide). Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, and TNFRSF14), and trefoil factor-3 were major hub proteins among the circulating biomarkers. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain >-15% was associated with higher levels of proteins, primarily of inflammation and immune regulation, whereas aortic valve area <1 cm2, E/e' >15, and left atrial reservoir strain <20% were associated with higher levels of NT-proBNP. Of 14 proteins associated with the primary end point, phospholipase-C, C-X-C motif chemokine-9, and interleukin-10 receptor subunit β demonstrated the highest hazard ratios after adjusting for clinical factors (q<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Plasma proteins involved in inflammation and immune regulation were differentially expressed in patients with aortic stenosis with reduced left ventricular global longitudinal strain, and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Their incorporation into aortic stenosis risk stratification warrants further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene S J Tan
- National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Yen-Yee Oon
- Sarawak Heart Centre Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Siew-Pang Chan
- National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Lingli Gong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Josephine B Lunaria
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Oi-Wah Liew
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Jenny Pek-Ching Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Edgar Lik-Wui Tay
- National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore
- Asian Heart and Vascular Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - Wern-Miin Soo
- National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore
| | - James Wei-Luen Yip
- National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | | | | | - Poh Shuan Daniel Yeo
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Apex Heart Clinic Gleneagles Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Mark Richards
- National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System Singapore Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Lieng-Hsi Ling
- National University Heart Centre Singapore Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System Singapore Singapore
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Cardenas M, Seibert B, Cowan B, Caceres CJ, Gay LC, Cargnin Faccin F, Perez DR, Baker AL, Anderson TK, Rajao DS. Modulation of human-to-swine influenza a virus adaptation by the neuraminidase low-affinity calcium-binding pocket. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1230. [PMID: 39354058 PMCID: PMC11445579 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequent interspecies transmission of human influenza A viruses (FLUAV) to pigs contrasts with the limited subset that establishes in swine. While hemagglutinin mutations are recognized for their role in cross-species transmission, the contribution of neuraminidase remains understudied. Here, the NA's role in FLUAV adaptation was investigated using a swine-adapted H3N2 reassortant virus with human-derived HA and NA segments. Adaptation in pigs resulted in mutations in both HA (A138S) and NA (D113A). The D113A mutation abolished calcium (Ca2+) binding in the low-affinity Ca2+-binding pocket of NA, enhancing enzymatic activity and thermostability under Ca2+-depleted conditions, mirroring swine-origin FLUAV NA behavior. Structural analysis predicts that swine-adapted H3N2 viruses lack Ca2+ binding in this pocket. Further, residue 93 in NA (G93 in human, N93 in swine) also influences Ca2+ binding and impacts NA activity and thermostability, even when D113 is present. These findings demonstrate that mutations in influenza A virus surface proteins alter evolutionary trajectories following interspecies transmission and reveal distinct mechanisms modulating NA activity during FLUAV adaptation, highlighting the importance of Ca2+ binding in the low-affinity calcium-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Cardenas
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brianna Cowan
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - C Joaquin Caceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - L Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Flavio Cargnin Faccin
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Amy L Baker
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniela S Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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122
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Pathak A, Willis KG, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. Mammalian START-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins - Physiological perspectives and roles in cancer biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159529. [PMID: 38945251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
PtdIns and its phosphorylated derivatives, the phosphoinositides, are the biochemical components of a major pathway of intracellular signaling in all eukaryotic cells. These lipids are few in terms of cohort of unique positional isomers, and are quantitatively minor species of the bulk cellular lipidome. Nevertheless, phosphoinositides regulate an impressively diverse set of biological processes. It is from that perspective that perturbations in phosphoinositide-dependent signaling pathways are increasingly being recognized as causal foundations of many human diseases - including cancer. Although phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) are not enzymes, these proteins are physiologically significant regulators of phosphoinositide signaling. As such, PITPs are conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdom. Their biological importance notwithstanding, PITPs remain understudied. Herein, we review current information regarding PITP biology primarily focusing on how derangements in PITP function disrupt key signaling/developmental pathways and are associated with a growing list of pathologies in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrija Pathak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Katelyn G Willis
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 USA
| | - Mark I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA.
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Weaver AJ, Venn EC, Ford R, Ewer N, Hildreth KE, Williams CE, Duncan CE, Calhoun CL, Grantham LE, Hoareau GL, Edwards TH. Comparing the effects of various fluid resuscitative strategies on Glycocalyx damage in a canine hemorrhage model. Vet J 2024; 307:106221. [PMID: 39127347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock and subsequent resuscitation can cause significant dysregulation of critical systems, including the vascular endothelium. Following hemorrhage, the endothelial lining (glycocalyx) can shed, causing release of glycocalyx components, endothelial activation, and systemic inflammation. A canine model of hemorrhagic shock was used to evaluate five resuscitation fluids, including Lactated Ringers+Hetastarch, Whole Blood (WB), Fresh Frozen Plasma+packed Red Blood Cells (FFP+pRBC), and two hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) fluids, for their impact on glycocalyx shedding. Under anesthesia, purpose-bred adult canines were instrumented and subjected to a controlled hemorrhage with blood being drawn until a mean arterial pressure of <50 mmHg was reached or 40 % of the estimated blood volume was removed. Canines were left in shock for 45 mins before being resuscitated with one of the resuscitation fluids over 30 mins. Following resuscitation, the dogs were monitored up to 2 weeks. Following an additional 3-4 weeks for washout, the canines repeated the protocol, undergoing each resuscitation fluid individually. Blood samples were collected during each round at various timepoints for serum isolation, which was used for detection of glycocalyx biomarker. Comparison of baseline and post-hemorrhage alone showed a significant reduction in serum protein (p<0.0001), heparan sulfate (p<0.001), and syndecan-1 (p<0.0001) concentrations, and a significant increase in hyaluronan (p<0.0001) concentration. Intercomparisons of resuscitation fluids indicated minimal differences in glycocalyx markers over time. Comparisons within each fluid showed dynamic responses in glycocalyx biomarkers over time. Relative to individual baselines, syndecan-1 was significantly reduced after resuscitation in most cases (p<0.0001), excluding WB and FFP+pRBC. In all cases, VE-cadherin was significantly elevated at 24 hr compared to baseline (p<0.001). Hyaluronan was significantly elevated by 3 hr in all cases (p<0.01), except for HBOC fluids. Total glycosaminoglycans were significantly reduced only at 3 hr (p<0.001) for non-HBOC fluids. Similarly, heparan sulfate was significantly reduced with all fluids between resuscitation and 24 hr (p<0.01), except WB. The temporal changes in canine glycocalyx biomarkers were atypical of hemorrhage response in other species. This suggests that the hemorrhage lacked severity and/or typical glycocalyx biomarkers do not reflect the canine endothelium compared to other species. Further research is needed to characterize the canine endothelium and the response to resuscitation fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Weaver
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Emilee C Venn
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rebekah Ford
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Nicole Ewer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kim E Hildreth
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Charnae E Williams
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina E Duncan
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cheresa L Calhoun
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lonnie E Grantham
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Guillaume L Hoareau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Nora Eccles-Harrison Cardiovascular Research Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Thomas H Edwards
- From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Verma H, Kaur S, Kaur S, Gangwar P, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Regulation of Synaptic Functions: Implications Toward Alzheimer's Disease and Phytochemicals-Based Interventions. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:8320-8343. [PMID: 38491338 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multifactorial disease, is characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. AD is triggered via several factors like alteration in cytoskeletal proteins, a mutation in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the cytoskeletal elements. Owing to the major structural and functional role of cytoskeletal elements, like the organization of axon initial segmentation, dendritic spines, synaptic regulation, and delivery of cargo at the synapse; modulation of these elements plays an important role in AD pathogenesis; like Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that stabilizes the microtubules, and it also causes inhibition of nucleo-cytoplasmic transportation by disrupting the integrity of nuclear pore complex. One of the major cytoskeletal elements, actin and its dynamics, regulate the dendritic spine structure and functions; impairments have been documented towards learning and memory defects. The second major constituent of these cytoskeletal elements, microtubules, are necessary for the delivery of the cargo, like ion channels and receptors at the synaptic membranes, whereas actin-binding protein, i.e., Cofilin's activation form rod-like structures, is involved in the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs) observed in AD. Also, the glial cells rely on their cytoskeleton to maintain synaptic functionality. Thus, making cytoskeletal elements and their regulation in synaptic structure and function as an important aspect to be focused for better management and targeting AD pathology. This review advocates exploring phytochemicals and Ayurvedic plant extracts against AD by elucidating their neuroprotective mechanisms involving cytoskeletal modulation and enhancing synaptic plasticity. However, challenges include their limited bioavailability due to the poor solubility and the limited potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkomal Verma
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhakar Gangwar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Village Ghudda, VPO - Ghudda, Bathinda, 151 401, Punjab, India.
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125
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de Souza C, de Souza C, Campos FP, Savaris VDL, Wachholz L, Kaufmann C, Broch J, Comin GN, Calderano AA, Tesser GLS, Starkey JD, Eyng C, Nunes RV. Effect of arginine, glycine + serine concentrations, and guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in vegetable-based diets for chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104105. [PMID: 39153445 PMCID: PMC11378898 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation with varying dietary digestible arginine (Arg) and glycine+serine (Gly+Ser) concentrations in the starter phase, exploring respective carry-over effects on growth performance, blood chemistry, incidence of pectoral myopathies and proximate composition in broilers. A total of 2,800 one-day-old male broiler chicks were distributed in a central composite design with 2 factors and double experimental mesh, represented by supplementation or omission of 0.6 g per kg of GAA, with a central point represented by 107% of Arg and 147% of Gly+Ser, 4 factorial points (combinations of Arg/Gly+Ser concentrations: 96.4/132.5%; 117.6/132.5%; 96.4/161.5%, and 117.6/132.5%), and 4 axial points (combinations of axial points estimated for Arg and Gly+Ser, with the central points of 92/147%; 122/147%; 107/126.5, and 107/167.5%), totaling 18 treatments, 4 repetitions to factorial and axial points, 24 replicates to the central point, and 25 birds per pen. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) from d 1 to 10 had a linear response (P = 0.009) for the decreasing Arg content and a quadratic response (P = 0.047) for Gly+Ser concentrations. Broilers supplemented GAA had lower FCR compared with nonsupplemented groups from d 1 to 10 (P = 0.048) and d 1 to 42 (P = 0.026). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) exhibited increasing and decreasing linear effects as a function of Arg (P = 0.008) and Gly+Ser (P = 0.020) concentrations, respectively. Guanidinoacetic acid decreased serum AST (P = 0.028). Guanidinoacetic acid reduced moderate + severe (P = 0.039) and mild (P = 0.015) Wooden Breast scores. The occurrence of normal White Striping increased (P = 0.002), while severe score was reduced (P = 0.029) with GAA supplementation. In conclusion, increased digestible Arg:Lys and 14% and 6% above the recommendations (107% and 147%), respectively, provided improved FCR during the starter phase. Dietary GAA supplementation (0.6 g per kg) improved FCR, reduced severity of breast myopathies and appears to have reduced muscle damage in broilers fed plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleison de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cleverson de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Campos
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Vaneila D L Savaris
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Wachholz
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Cristine Kaufmann
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Jomara Broch
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel N Comin
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Arele A Calderano
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jessica D Starkey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, US
| | - Cinthia Eyng
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo V Nunes
- Department of Animal Science, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR 85960-000, Brazil.
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126
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Lopez-Ortiz AO, Eyo UB. Astrocytes and microglia in the coordination of CNS development and homeostasis. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3599-3614. [PMID: 37985374 PMCID: PMC11102936 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Glia have emerged as important architects of central nervous system (CNS) development and maintenance. While traditionally glial contributions to CNS development and maintenance have been studied independently, there is growing evidence that either suggests or documents that glia may act in coordinated manners to effect developmental patterning and homeostatic functions in the CNS. In this review, we focus on astrocytes, the most abundant glia in the CNS, and microglia, the earliest glia to colonize the CNS highlighting research that documents either suggestive or established coordinated actions by these glial cells in various CNS processes including cell and/or debris clearance, neuronal survival and morphogenesis, synaptic maturation, and circuit function, angio-/vasculogenesis, myelination, and neurotransmission. Some molecular mechanisms underlying these processes that have been identified are also described. Throughout, we categorize the available evidence as either suggestive or established interactions between microglia and astrocytes in the regulation of the respective process and raise possible avenues for further research. We conclude indicating that a better understanding of coordinated astrocyte-microglial interactions in the developing and mature brain holds promise for developing effective therapies for brain pathologies where these processes are perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aída Oryza Lopez-Ortiz
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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127
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Simons M, Gibson EM, Nave KA. Oligodendrocytes: Myelination, Plasticity, and Axonal Support. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041359. [PMID: 38621824 PMCID: PMC11444305 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The myelination of axons has evolved to enable fast and efficient transduction of electrical signals in the vertebrate nervous system. Acting as an electric insulator, the myelin sheath is a multilamellar membrane structure around axonal segments generated by the spiral wrapping and subsequent compaction of oligodendroglial plasma membranes. These oligodendrocytes are metabolically active and remain functionally connected to the subjacent axon via cytoplasmic-rich myelinic channels for movement of metabolites and macromolecules to and from the internodal periaxonal space under the myelin sheath. Increasing evidence indicates that oligodendrocyte numbers, specifically in the forebrain, and myelin as a dynamic cellular compartment can both respond to physiological demands, collectively referred to as adaptive myelination. This review summarizes our current understanding of how myelin is generated, how its function is dynamically regulated, and how oligodendrocytes support the long-term integrity of myelinated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Erin M Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford 94305, California, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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128
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Shaik RA. Parthenolide alleviates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:7683-7695. [PMID: 38703207 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone that occurs naturally. It demonstrates a variety of beneficial effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. The study investigated the potential protective impact of PTL on indomethacin (INDO) induced stomach ulcers in rats. The rats were classified into 5 distinct categories. Group 1 served as the "control" group. Rats in the second group received a single oral dosage of INDO (50 mg kg-1). Rats in Groups three and four received 20 and 40 mg kg-1 oral PTL 1 h before INDO. Omeprazole (30 mg kg-1) was given orally to Group 5 rats 1 h before INDO. Pretreatment with PTL increased stomach pH and decreased gastric volume as well as reduced the morphological and histological changes induced by INDO. Analysis of probable pathways showed that pre-treatment with PTL successfully reduced oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic consequences caused by INDO. The ingestion of PTL leads to a notable increase in the levels of glutathione reduced (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, PTL decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, it was shown that PTL increased both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PTL shows a significant decrease in the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). PTL therapy resulted in a decrease in Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) levels and an increase in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) levels. In conclusion, PTL offers gastroprotection by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed A Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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129
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Hartig EI, Day M, Jarysta A, Tarchini B. Proteins required for stereocilia elongation during mammalian hair cell development ensure precise and steady heights during adult life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405455121. [PMID: 39320919 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405455121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hair bundle, or stereocilia bundle, is the mechanosensory compartment of hair cells (HCs) in the inner ear. To date, most mechanistic studies have focused on stereocilia bundle morphogenesis, and it remains unclear how this organelle critical for hearing preserves its precise dimensions during life in mammals. The GPSM2-GNAI complex occupies the distal tip of stereocilia in the tallest row and is required for their elongation during development. Here, we ablate GPSM2-GNAI in adult mouse HCs after normal stereocilia elongation is completed. We observe a progressive height reduction of the tallest row stereocilia totaling ~600 nm after 12 wk in Gpsm2 mutant inner HCs. To measure GPSM2 longevity at tips, we generated a HaloTag-Gpsm2 mouse strain and performed pulse-chase experiments in vivo. Estimates using pulse-chase or tracking loss of GPSM2 immunolabeling following Gpsm2 inactivation suggest that GPSM2 is relatively long-lived at stereocilia tips with a half-life of 9 to 10 d. Height reduction coincides with dampened auditory brainstem responses evoked by low-frequency stimuli in particular. Finally, GPSM2 is required for normal tip enrichment of elongation complex (EC) partners MYO15A, WHRN, and EPS8, mirroring their established codependence during development. Taken together, our results show that the EC is also essential in mature HCs to ensure precise and stable stereocilia height and for sensitive detection of a full range of sound frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli I Hartig
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | - Matthew Day
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
| | | | - Basile Tarchini
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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Augusto I, Girard-Dias W, Schoijet A, Alonso GD, Portugal RV, de Souza W, Jimenez V, Miranda K. Quantitative assessment of the nanoanatomy of the contractile vacuole complex in Trypanosoma cruzi. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402826. [PMID: 39074903 PMCID: PMC11287019 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi uses various mechanisms to cope with osmotic fluctuations during infection, including the remodeling of organelles such as the contractile vacuole complex (CVC). Little is known about the morphological changes of the CVC during pulsation cycles occurring upon osmotic stress. Here, we investigated the structure-function relationship between the CVC and the flagellar pocket domain where fluid discharge takes place-the adhesion plaque-during the CVC pulsation cycle. Using TcrPDEC2 and TcVps34 overexpressing mutants, known to have low and high efficiency for osmotic responses, we described a structural phenotype for the CVC that matches their corresponding physiological responses. Quantitative tomography provided data on the volume of the CVC and spongiome connections. Changes in the adhesion plaque during the pulsation cycle were also quantified and a dense filamentous network was observed. Together, the results suggest that the adhesion plaque mediates fluid discharge from the central vacuole, revealing new aspects of the osmoregulatory system in T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Augusto
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wendell Girard-Dias
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Plataforma de Microscopia Eletrônica Rudolf Barth, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Schoijet
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres", Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Daniel Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres", Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo V Portugal
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
- Programa de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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131
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Pelaz SG, Flores-Hernández R, Vujic T, Schvartz D, Álvarez-Vázquez A, Ding Y, García-Vicente L, Belloso A, Talaverón R, Sánchez JC, Tabernero A. A proteomic approach supports the clinical relevance of TAT-Cx43 266-283 in glioblastoma. Transl Res 2024; 272:95-110. [PMID: 38876188 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain cancer. The Src inhibitor, TAT-Cx43266-283, exerts antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo models of GBM. Because addressing the mechanism of action is essential to translate these results to a clinical setting, in this study we carried out an unbiased proteomic approach. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry proteomics allowed the identification of 190 proteins whose abundance was modified by TAT-Cx43266-283. Our results were consistent with the inhibition of Src as the mechanism of action of TAT-Cx43266-283 and unveiled antitumor effectors, such as p120 catenin. Changes in the abundance of several proteins suggested that TAT-Cx43266-283 may also impact the brain microenvironment. Importantly, the proteins whose abundance was reduced by TAT-Cx43266-283 correlated with an improved GBM patient survival in clinical datasets and none of the proteins whose abundance was increased by TAT-Cx43266-283 correlated with shorter survival, supporting its use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Pelaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
| | - Raquel Flores-Hernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Tatjana Vujic
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Proteomics Core Facility, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Álvarez-Vázquez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Yuxin Ding
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Laura García-Vicente
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Aitana Belloso
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | | | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
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132
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Banerjee C, Tripathy D, Kumar D, Chakraborty J. Monoamine oxidase and neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, inhibitors and natural compounds for therapeutic intervention. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105831. [PMID: 39128624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian flavoenzyme Monoamine oxidase (MAO) resides on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and it is involved in the metabolism of different monoamine neurotransmitters in brain. During MAO mediated oxidative deamination of relevant substrates, H2O2 is released as a catalytic by-product, thus serving as a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal conditions, MAO mediated ROS is reported to propel the functioning of mitochondrial electron transport chain and phasic dopamine release. However, due to its localization onto mitochondria, sudden elevation in its enzymatic activity could directly impact the form and function of the organelle. For instance, in the case of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who are on l-dopa therapy, the enzyme could be a concurrent source of extensive ROS production in the presence of uncontrolled substrate (dopamine) availability, thus further impacting the health of surviving neurons. It is worth mentioning that the expression of the enzyme in different brain compartments increases with age. Moreover, the involvement of MAO in the progression of neurological disorders such as PD, Alzheimer's disease and depression has been extensively studied in recent times. Although the usage of available synthetic MAO inhibitors has been instrumental in managing these conditions, the associated complications have raised significant concerns lately. Natural products have served as a major source of lead molecules in modern-day drug discovery; however, there is still no FDA-approved MAO inhibitor which is derived from natural sources. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive overview of MAO and how the enzyme system is involved in the pathogenesis of different age-associated neuropathologic conditions. We further discussed the applications and drawbacks of the long-term usage of presently available synthetic MAO inhibitors. Additionally, we have highlighted the prospect and worth of natural product derived molecules in addressing MAO associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayan Banerjee
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debasmita Tripathy
- Department of Zoology, Netaji Nagar College for Women, Kolkata, 700092, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Joy Chakraborty
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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133
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Cases M, Dorca-Arévalo J, Blanch M, Rodil S, Terni B, Martín-Satué M, Llobet A, Blasi J, Solsona C. The epsilon toxin from Clostridium perfringens stimulates calcium-activated chloride channels, generating extracellular vesicles in Xenopus oocytes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e70005. [PMID: 39320019 PMCID: PMC11423345 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.70005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The epsilon toxin (Etx) from Clostridium perfringens has been identified as a potential trigger of multiple sclerosis, functioning as a pore-forming toxin that selectively targets cells expressing the plasma membrane (PM) myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL). Previously, we observed that Etx induces the release of intracellular ATP in sensitive cell lines. Here, we aimed to re-examine the mechanism of action of the toxin and investigate the connection between pore formation and ATP release. We examined the impact of Etx on Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human MAL. Extracellular ATP was assessed using the luciferin-luciferase reaction. Activation of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) and a decrease in the PM surface were recorded using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. To evaluate intracellular Ca2+ levels and scramblase activity, fluorescent dyes were employed. Extracellular vesicles were imaged using light and electron microscopy, while toxin oligomers were identified through western blots. Etx triggered intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in the Xenopus oocytes expressing hMAL, leading to the activation of CaCCs, ATP release, and a reduction in PM capacitance. The toxin induced the activation of scramblase and, thus, translocated phospholipids from the inner to the outer leaflet of the PM, exposing phosphatidylserine outside in Xenopus oocytes and in an Etx-sensitive cell line. Moreover, Etx caused the formation of extracellular vesicles, not derived from apoptotic bodies, through PM fission. These vesicles carried toxin heptamers and doughnut-like structures in the nanometer size range. In conclusion, ATP release was not directly attributed to the formation of pores in the PM, but to scramblase activity and the formation of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Cases
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonatan Dorca-Arévalo
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Blanch
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sergi Rodil
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatrice Terni
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Martín-Satué
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artur Llobet
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Blasi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Solsona
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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134
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Wu J, Bala Tannan N, Vuong LT, Koca Y, Collu GM, Mlodzik M. Par3/bazooka binds NICD and promotes notch signaling during Drosophila development. Dev Biol 2024; 514:37-49. [PMID: 38885804 PMCID: PMC11287782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The conserved bazooka (baz/par3) gene acts as a key regulator of asymmetrical cell divisions across the animal kingdom. Associated Par3/Baz-Par6-aPKC protein complexes are also well known for their role in the establishment of apical/basal cell polarity in epithelial cells. Here we define a novel, positive function of Baz/Par3 in the Notch pathway. Using Drosophila wing and eye development, we demonstrate that Baz is required for Notch signaling activity and optimal transcriptional activation of Notch target genes. Baz appears to act independently of aPKC in these contexts, as knockdown of aPKC does not cause Notch loss-of-function phenotypes. Using transgenic Notch constructs, our data positions Baz activity downstream of activating Notch cleavage steps and upstream of Su(H)/CSL transcription factor complex activity on Notch target genes. We demonstrate a biochemical interaction between NICD and Baz, suggesting that Baz is required for NICD activity before NICD binds to Su(H). Taken together, our data define a novel role of the polarity protein Baz/Par3, as a positive and direct regulator of Notch signaling through its interaction with NICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Neeta Bala Tannan
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Linh T Vuong
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yildiz Koca
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Giovanna M Collu
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Dept. of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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135
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Hubbard L, Dougherty OP, Kimball EE. Characterization of non-epithelial cells embedded within the vocal fold epithelial barrier. Tissue Cell 2024; 90:102514. [PMID: 39121582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The vocal folds vibrate to produce voice, undergoing significant stress due to contact and shearing force. The epithelium operates as the primary protective layer of the tissue against stress and vibratory damage, as well as to provide a barrier against foreign organisms and toxins. Within the vocal fold epithelium, non-epithelial cells were identified that may interrupt the epithelium and compromise the epithelial barrier's protective function. Human vocal fold samples with a variety of pathologies were compared to normal vocal folds. Analysis included the number of cells in the epithelium and epithelial thickness. Vocal fold sections from 10 human tissue samples were assessed via H&E staining and immunofluorescent co-labeling. Three cell populations (vimentin expressing, CD-45 expressing, and cells expressing both) were identified within the epithelium. Statistical analysis revealed that the abnormal samples had a significantly greater number of vimentin-positive cells/area within the epithelium compared to the normal samples. Additionally, normal tissue samples had a significantly greater epithelial depth, suggesting a more robust epithelial barrier compared to tissue with pathology. Knowledge of the function of these cells could lead to a better understanding of how the local immune environment near and within vocal fold epithelium changes in the presence of different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hubbard
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21st Ave S, Medical Center East Room 8310, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S, MRB III V1210, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - O P Dougherty
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21st Ave S, Medical Center East Room 8310, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - E E Kimball
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21st Ave S, Medical Center East Room 8310, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave S, Medical Center East Room 7302, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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136
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Cavini IA, Fontes MG, Zeraik AE, Lopes JLS, Araujo APU. Novel lipid-interaction motifs within the C-terminal domain of Septin10 from Schistosoma mansoni. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184371. [PMID: 39025256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Septins are cytoskeletal proteins and their interaction with membranes is crucial for their role in various cellular processes. Septins have polybasic regions (PB1 and PB2) which are important for lipid interaction. Earlier, we and others have highlighted the role of the septin C-terminal domain (CTD) to membrane interaction. However, detailed information on residues/group of residues important for such feature is lacking. In this study, we investigate the lipid-binding profile of Schistosoma mansoni Septin10 (SmSEPT10) using PIP strip and Langmuir monolayer adsorption assays. Our findings highlight the CTD as the primary domain responsible for lipid interaction in SmSEPT10, showing binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates. SmSEPT10 CTD contains a conserved polybasic region (PB3) present in both animals and fungi septins, and a Lys (K367) within its putative amphipathic helix (AH) that we demonstrate as important for lipid binding. PB3 deletion or mutation of this Lys (K367A) strongly impairs lipid interaction. Remarkably, we observe that the AH within a construct lacking the final 43 amino acid residues is insufficient for lipid binding. Furthermore, we investigate the homocomplex formed by SmSEPT10 CTD in solution by cross-linking experiments, CD spectroscopy, SEC-MALS and SEC-SAXS. Taken together, our studies define the lipid-binding region in SmSEPT10 and offer insights into the molecular basis of septin-membrane binding. This information is particularly relevant for less-studied non-human septins, such as SmSEPT10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo A Cavini
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marina G Fontes
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Eliza Zeraik
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Function of Proteins and Peptides, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, North Fluminense State University Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Jose L S Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula U Araujo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
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137
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Shubhrasmita Sahu S, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Quantitation of F-actin in cytoskeletal reorganization: Context, methodology and implications. Methods 2024; 230:44-58. [PMID: 39074540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is involved in a large number of cellular signaling events in addition to providing structural integrity to the cell. Actin polymerization is a key event during cellular signaling. Although the role of actin cytoskeleton in cellular processes such as trafficking and motility has been extensively studied, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton upon signaling has been rarely explored due to lack of suitable assays. Keeping in mind this lacuna, we developed a confocal microscopy based approach that relies on high magnification imaging of cellular F-actin, followed by image reconstruction using commercially available software. In this review, we discuss the context and relevance of actin quantitation, followed by a detailed hands-on approach of the methodology involved with specific points on troubleshooting and useful precautions. In the latter part of the review, we elucidate the method by discussing applications of actin quantitation from our work in several important problems in contemporary membrane biology ranging from pathogen entry into host cells, to GPCR signaling and membrane-cytoskeleton interaction. We envision that future discovery of cell-permeable novel fluorescent probes, in combination with genetically encoded actin-binding reporters, would allow real-time visualization of actin cytoskeleton dynamics to gain deeper insights into active cellular processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Shubhrasmita Sahu
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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138
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Delcourte L, Berbon M, Rodriguez M, Subban K, Lends A, Grélard A, Morvan E, Habenstein B, Saupe SJ, Delhaes L, Aimanianda V, Daskalov A, Loquet A. Magic-angle spinning NMR spectral editing of polysaccharides in whole cells using the DREAM scheme. Methods 2024; 230:59-67. [PMID: 39047926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Most bacterial, plant and fungal cells possess at their surface a protective layer called the cell wall, conferring strength, plasticity and rigidity to withstand the osmotic pressure. This molecular barrier is crucial for pathogenic microorganisms, as it protects the cell from the local environment and often constitutes the first structural component encountered in the host-pathogen interaction. In pathogenic molds and yeasts, the cell wall constitutes the main target for the development of clinically-relevant antifungal drugs. In the past decade, solid-state NMR has emerged as a powerful analytical technique to investigate the molecular organization of microbial cell walls in the context of intact cells. 13C NMR chemical shift is an exquisite source of information to identify the polysaccharides present in the cell wall, and two-dimensional 13C-13C correlation experiments provide an efficient tool to rapidly access the polysaccharide composition in whole cells. Here we investigate the use of the adiabatic DREAM (for dipolar recoupling enhancement through amplitude modulation) recoupling scheme to improve solid-state NMR analysis of polysaccharides in intact cells. We demonstrate the advantages of two-dimensional 13C-13C experiments using the DREAM recoupling scheme. We report the spectral editing of polysaccharide signals by varying the radio-frequency carrier position. We provide practical considerations for the implementation of DREAM experiments to characterize polysaccharides in whole cells. We demonstrate the approach on intact fungal cells of Neurospora crassa and Aspergillus fumigatus, a model and a pathogenic filamentous fungus, respectively. The approach could be envisioned to efficiently reduce the spectral crowding of more complex cell surfaces, such as cell wall and peptidoglycan in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Delcourte
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Marion Rodriguez
- CNR des Aspergilloses Chroniques, Mycology-Parasitology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Kamalraj Subban
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alons Lends
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Axelle Grélard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Estelle Morvan
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Inserm, IECB, UAR3033, US01, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Sven J Saupe
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- CNR des Aspergilloses Chroniques, Mycology-Parasitology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1045, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Immunobiology of Aspergillus, Mycology Department, Paris, France
| | - Asen Daskalov
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France.
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139
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Maeda K, Uehara T, Hosoda W, Kuraishi Y, Ota H. Expression profiles of cadherin 17 and claudin 18.2 in comparison with peptide hormonal expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: Implications for targeted immunotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155537. [PMID: 39178509 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cadherin 17 (CDH17) and claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) are highly selective markers of intestinal and gastric lineages and are expressed in adenocarcinomas of various organs. They have also been identified as potential targets for immunotherapy. Expression of CDH17 and CLDN18.2 has been observed in a subset of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs). This study investigates the immunohistochemical expression of CDH17 and CLDN18 in PanNETs in comparison with hormonal expression profiles to provide baseline data for determining candidate indications for targeted therapy with CDH17 and CLDN18.2 in PanNETs, including insulinomas (n = 22), glucagonomas (n = 13), gastrinomas (n = 3), serotoninomas (n = 2) and PanNETs not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 17). In the normal pancreas, CDH17 was expressed in the lateral membrane of ducts and some islet cells, whereas CLDN18 was occasionally expressed in the intercalated ducts and centroacinar cells. In PanNETs, CDH17 and CLDN18 was detected by membranous staining. CDH17 expression was observed in 10 to 17 (58.8 %) PanNETs NOS, 3 of 13 (23.1 %) glucagonomas, 1 of 3 (33.3 %,) gastrinomas, 1 of 2 (50 %) serotoninomas, and none of the insulinomas. According to predefined criteria, 7 of 17 (41.2 %) PanNETs NOS, 1 of 3 (33.3 %) gastrinomas, and 1 of 2 (50 %) serotoninomas were classified as CDH17-positive. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features between CDH17-positive and CDH17-negative PanNETs, except for a higher tumour grade in the former (p<0.05). For CLDN18, expression was noted in 2 out of 3 (66.7 %) gastrinomas, one with focal staining and the other with diffuse staining. One of three (33.3 %) gastrinomas was classified as CLDN18-positive using predefined criteria. These findings suggest that a particular subset of PanNETs, including PanNET NOS, gastrinoma, and serotoninoma, may be potential candidates for CDH17-targeted immunotherapy. Additionally, gastrinoma may be a potential candidate for immunotherapy targeting CLDN18.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahoko Maeda
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto, Japan.
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140
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Huang S, Guo S, Dai L, Mi L, Li W, Xing J, Hu Z, Wu W, Duan Z, Li B, Sun T, Wang B, Zhang Y, Xiao T, Xue Y, Tang N, Li H, Zhang C, Song CP. Tubulin participates in establishing protoxylem vessel reinforcement patterns and hydraulic conductivity in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:931-947. [PMID: 38850036 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Water transportation to developing tissues relies on the structure and function of plant xylem cells. Plant microtubules govern the direction of cellulose microfibrils and guide secondary cell wall formation and morphogenesis. However, the relevance of microtubule-determined xylem wall thickening patterns in plant hydraulic conductivity remains unclear. In the present study, we identified a maize (Zea mays) semi-dominant mutant, designated drought-overly-sensitive1 (ZmDos1), the upper leaves of which wilted even when exposed to well-watered conditions during growth; the wilting phenotype was aggravated by increased temperatures and decreased humidity. Protoxylem vessels in the stem and leaves of the mutant showed altered thickening patterns of the secondary cell wall (from annular to spiral), decreased inner diameters, and limited water transport efficiency. The causal mutation for this phenotype was found to be a G-to-A mutation in the maize gene α-tubulin4, resulting in a single amino acid substitution at position 196 (E196K). Ectopic expression of the mutant α-tubulin4 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) changed the orientation of microtubule arrays, suggesting a determinant role of this gene in microtubule assembly and secondary cell wall thickening. Our findings suggest that the spiral wall thickenings triggered by the α-tubulin mutation are stretched during organ elongation, causing a smaller inner diameter of the protoxylem vessels and affecting water transport in maize. This study underscores the importance of tubulin-mediated protoxylem wall thickening in regulating plant hydraulics, improves our understanding of the relationships between protoxylem structural features and functions, and offers candidate genes for the genetic enhancement of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Liufeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lingyu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenrao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Baozhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Baojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tiqiao Xiao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yanling Xue
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
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141
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Zhang N, Song B, Bai P, Du L, Chen L, Xu Y, Zeng T. Perineuronal nets' role in metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E411-E421. [PMID: 39140971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00154.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that envelop neurons, have recently been recognized as key players in the regulation of metabolism. This review explores the growing body of knowledge concerning PNNs and their role in metabolic control, drawing insights from recent research and relevant studies. The pivotal role of PNNs in the context of energy balance and whole body blood glucose is examined. This review also highlights novel findings, including the effects of astroglia, microglia, sex and gonadal hormones, nutritional regulation, circadian rhythms, and age on PNNs dynamics. These findings illuminate the complex and multifaceted role of PNNs in metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beite Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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142
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Kuijpers M, Nguyen PT, Haucke V. The Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its Contacts: Emerging Roles in Axon Development, Neurotransmission, and Degeneration. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:545-559. [PMID: 36960757 PMCID: PMC11420577 DOI: 10.1177/10738584231162810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of a dynamic, tubular network that extends all the way from the soma into dendrites, axons, and synapses. This morphology gives rise to an enormous membrane surface area that, through the presence of tethering proteins, lipid transfer proteins, and ion channels, plays critical roles in local calcium regulation, membrane dynamics, and the supply of ions and lipids to other organelles. Here, we summarize recent advances that highlight the various roles of the neuronal ER in axonal growth, repair, and presynaptic function. We review the variety of contact sites between the ER and other axonal organelles and describe their influence on neurodevelopment and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Kuijpers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Phuong T Nguyen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
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143
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Perez-Boerema A, Engel BD, Wietrzynski W. Evolution of Thylakoid Structural Diversity. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2024; 40:169-193. [PMID: 38950450 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120823-022747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved billions of years ago, becoming Earth's main source of biologically available carbon and atmospheric oxygen. Since then, phototrophic organisms have diversified from prokaryotic cyanobacteria into several distinct clades of eukaryotic algae and plants through endosymbiosis events. This diversity can be seen in the thylakoid membranes, complex networks of lipids, proteins, and pigments that perform the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. In this review, we highlight the structural diversity of thylakoids, following the evolutionary history of phototrophic species. We begin with a molecular inventory of different thylakoid components and then illustrate how these building blocks are integrated to form membrane networks with diverse architectures. We conclude with an outlook on understanding how thylakoids remodel their architecture and molecular organization during dynamic processes such as biogenesis, repair, and environmental adaptation.
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144
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Egami Y, Kawai K, Araki N. Rit1-TBC1D10B signaling modulates FcγR-mediated phagosome formation in RAW264 macrophages. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402651. [PMID: 39084876 PMCID: PMC11291910 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an important immune response that protects the host from pathogen invasion. Rit1 GTPase is known to be involved in diverse cellular processes. However, its role in FcγR-mediated phagocytosis remains unclear. Our live-cell imaging analysis revealed that Rit1 was localized to the membranes of F-actin-rich phagocytic cups in RAW264 macrophages. Rit1 knockout and expression of the GDP-locked Rit1 mutant suppressed phagosome formation. We also found that TBC1D10B, a GAP for the Rab family GTPases, colocalizes with Rit1 in the membranes of phagocytic cups. Expression and knockout studies have shown that TBC1D10B decreases phagosome formation in both Rab-GAP activity-dependent and -independent manners. Notably, the expression of the GDP-locked Rit1 mutant or Rit1 knockout inhibited the dissociation of TBC1D10B from phagocytic cups. In addition, the expression of the GTP-locked Rit1 mutant promoted the dissociation of TBC1D10B in phagocytic cups and restored the rate of phagosome formation in TBC1D10B-expressing cells. These data suggest that Rit1-TBC1D10B signaling regulates FcγR-mediated phagosome formation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Egami
- https://ror.org/04j7mzp05 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- https://ror.org/04j7mzp05 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- https://ror.org/04j7mzp05 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
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145
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Yokoyama H, Masuyama T, Tanaka Y, Shimazaki T, Yasui Y, Abe T, Yoshinari K. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 inhibitor increases plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities via a shedding of the intestinal villi and an increase in intestinal permeability in rats. Toxicol Lett 2024; 400:16-23. [PMID: 39096942 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a key enzyme for fat absorption step in the enterocytes. We previously reported that DGAT1 inhibition increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in corn oil-loaded rats via protein kinase C (PKC) activation. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism with respect to the morphology and permeability of the small intestine, focusing on PKC function, and found that shortening of the intestinal villi and a decrease in the number of tdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling-positive cells in the tips of the villi were observed in the jejunum of DGAT1 inhibitor-treated rats loaded with corn oil. These results suggested that the tips of the villi were shed into the intestinal lumen. Next, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, 110 kDa (FD-110) was administered intraduodenally to DGAT1 inhibitor-treated rats loaded with corn oil and we found that plasma FD-110 concentrations increased, indicating that the intestinal permeability to molecules with a molecular weight of approximately 110,000 (e.g., ALT and AST) increased. Taken together, the present results suggested that DGAT1 inhibitor-treatment in combination with corn oil causes ALT and AST to leak from the enterocytes into the blood by shedding the tips of the intestinal villi and increasing intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yokoyama
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-city, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Taku Masuyama
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Taishi Shimazaki
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuzo Yasui
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takuya Abe
- Toxicology Research Lab., Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-city, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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146
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Lv T, Zhang P, Shi H, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Huo R. Comparison of Normal Human Skin and Hypertrophic Scar Tissue Samples of Different Ages, Locations, and Stages of Maturity. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 93:434-442. [PMID: 39331743 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000004087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scars disrupt the normal structure and function of the skin. The primary goal of plastic surgery is to prevent and reduce scarring. Therefore, we aimed to establish a comparison scheme between normal skin (NS) tissues of different ages and locations; hypertrophic scars (HTS) of different ages, locations, and maturities; and NS and HTS tissues to provide evidence on scar severity for improving treatment evaluation. METHODS Various methods including histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were employed to compare the general appearance, macrophage infiltration, fibroblast activity, degree of angiogenesis, and collagen fiber type and arrangement in human-sourced NS and HTS tissues of different ages, locations, and maturities in seven patients (three with NS and four with HTS) from the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of the Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. RESULTS The thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis of NS tissues varied with age and location. The epidermis of the upper arms, face, and upper eyelids of NS tissues sequentially thickened, whereas the dermis was sequentially thinner. Several glandular structures were identified in the upper eyelids but rarely in the face and upper arms. Histological changes in HTS tissue of different ages, locations, and maturity occur as scar formation time is prolonged, accompanied by increased CD86 levels and fibrosis. As the scar matured, connexin and VEGFR2 expression decreased, indicating reduced inflammation, fibroblast activity, and angiogenesis. The comparison between NS and HTS tissue also revealed significant differences; the positive expression of VEGFR2 and total collagen in HTS tissue was higher than that in NS tissue. CONCLUSIONS We discovered significant differences among NS, HTS, and NS and HTS tissues of different ages, locations, and maturities. Further, this study may provide a basis for clarifying the treatment effect of different methods for HTS compared with those for NS, efficiently individualizing patients' treatment plans and ultimately shortening the scar treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou
| | - Peichao Zhang
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou
| | | | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- From the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
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147
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Nagase M, Ando H, Beppu Y, Kurihara H, Oki S, Kubo F, Yamamoto K, Nagase T, Kaname S, Akimoto Y, Fukuhara H, Sakai T, Hirose S, Nakamura N. Glomerular Endothelial Cell Receptor Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor F5 (ADGRF5) and the Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:1366-1380. [PMID: 38844335 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Deletion of endothelial receptor adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 in mice led to abnormal structural and functional properties of the glomerular filtration barrier.Adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 regulates gene expression of glomerular basement membrane components and a mechanosensitive transcription factor.
Background
Glomerular endothelial cells are recognized to be important for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier. Adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 (ADGRF5), an adhesion G protein–coupled receptor, has been suggested to be involved in endothelial cell function. However, the role of ADGRF5 in the glomerular filtration barrier integrity remains elusive.
Methods
Cellular expression of ADGRF5 in mouse glomerulus was determined by histological analyses. The effect of ADGRF5 deletion on the glomerular morphology, kidney function, and glomerular endothelial gene/protein expression was then analyzed using ADGRF5 knockout (Adgrf5
−/−) mice and human primary glomerular endothelial cells.
Results
ADGRF5 was specifically expressed in the capillary endothelial cells within the glomerulus. Adgrf5
−/− mice developed albuminuria and impaired kidney function with morphological defects in the glomeruli, namely glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular basement membrane splitting and thickening, diaphragmed fenestration and detachment of the glomerular endothelial cells, and mesangial interposition. These defects were accompanied by the altered expression of genes responsible for glomerular basement membrane organization (type 4 collagens and laminins) and Krüppel-like factor 2 (Klf2) in glomerular endothelial cells. Moreover, ADGRF5 knockdown decreased COL4A3 and COL4A4 expression and increased KLF2 expression in human primary glomerular endothelial cells.
Conclusions
The loss of ADGRF5 resulted in altered gene expression in glomerular endothelial cells and perturbed the structure and permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nagase
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ando
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Beppu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidetake Kurihara
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Aino University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Souta Oki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Kubo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagase
- Kunitachi Aoyagien Tachikawa Geriatric Health Services Facility, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kaname
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sakai
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Hirose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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148
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Burton JC, Royer F, Grimsey NJ. Spatiotemporal control of kinases and the biomolecular tools to trace activity. J Biol Chem 2024:107846. [PMID: 39362469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The delicate balance of cell physiology is implicitly tied to the expression and activation of proteins. Post-translational modifications offer a tool to dynamically switch protein activity on and off to orchestrate a wide range of protein-protein interactions to tune signal transduction during cellular homeostasis and pathological responses. There is a growing acknowledgment that subcellular locations of kinases define the spatial network of potential scaffolds, adaptors, and substrates. These highly ordered and localized biomolecular microdomains confer a spatially distinct bias in the outcomes of kinase activity. Furthermore, they may hold essential clues to the underlying mechanisms that promote disease. Developing tools to dissect the spatiotemporal activation of kinases is critical to reveal these mechanisms and promote the development of spatially targeted kinase inhibitors. Here, we discuss the spatial regulation of kinases, the tools used to detect their activity, and their potential impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Burton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, 30602
| | - Fredejah Royer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, 30602
| | - Neil J Grimsey
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, 30602
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149
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Guo X, Wang H, Liu M, Xu JM, Liu YN, Zhang H, He XX, Wang JX, Wei W, Ren DL, Jiang RS. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies important modules and hub genes involved in the regulation of breast muscle yield in broilers. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1673-1682. [PMID: 38665081 PMCID: PMC11366510 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing breast meat production is one of the primary goals of the broiler industry. Over the past few decades, tremendous progress has been made in genetic selection and the identification of candidate genes for improving the breast muscle mass. However, the molecular network contributing to muscle production traits in chickens still needs to be further illuminated. METHODS A total of 150 1-day-old male 817 broilers were reared in a floor litter system. At the market age of 50 d, eighteen healthy 817 broilers were slaughtered and the left pectoralis major muscle sample from each bird was collected for RNA-seq sequencing. The birds were then plucked and eviscerated and the whole breast muscle was removed and weighed. Breast muscle yield was calculated as the ratio of the breast muscle weight to the eviscerated weight. To identify the co-expression networks and hub genes contributing to breast muscle yield in chickens, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on the 18 transcriptome datasets of pectoralis major muscle from eighteen 817 broilers. RESULTS The WGCNA analysis classified all co-expressed genes in the pectoral muscle of 817 broilers into 44 modules. Among these modules, the turquoise and skyblue3 modules were found to be most significantly positively (r = 0.78, p = 1e-04) and negatively (r = -0.57, p = 0.01) associated with breast meat yield, respectively. Further analysis identified several hub genes (e.g., DLX3, SH3RF2, TPM1, CAV3, MYF6, and CFL2) that involved in muscle structure and muscle development were identified as potential regulators of breast meat production. CONCLUSION The present study has advanced our understanding of the molecular regulatory networks contributing to muscle growth and breast muscle production and will contribute to the molecular breeding of chickens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Jin-Mei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Xin-Xin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Jiang-Xian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Da-Long Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
| | - Run-Shen Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036,
China
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150
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Hussein KH, Ahmadzada B, Correa JC, Sultan A, Wilken S, Amiot B, Nyberg SL. Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:280-305. [PMID: 38973992 PMCID: PMC11226731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of liver donors provokes a dramatic gap between available grafts and patients on the waiting list. Whole liver bioengineering, an emerging field of tissue engineering, holds great potential to overcome this gap. This approach involves two main steps; the first is liver decellularization and the second is recellularization. Liver decellularization aims to remove cellular and nuclear materials from the organ, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different structural proteins and growth factors while retaining both the vascular and biliary networks. Recellularization involves repopulating the decellularized liver with appropriate cells, theoretically from the recipient patient, to reconstruct the parenchyma, vascular tree, and biliary network. The aim of this review is to identify the major advances in decellularization and recellularization strategies and investigate obstacles for the clinical application of bioengineered liver, including immunogenicity of the designed liver extracellular matrices, the need for standardization of scaffold fabrication techniques, selection of suitable cell sources for parenchymal repopulation, vascular, and biliary tree reconstruction. In vivo transplantation models are also summarized for evaluating the functionality of bioengineered livers. Finally, the regulatory measures and future directions for confirming the safety and efficacy of bioengineered liver are also discussed. Addressing these challenges in whole liver bioengineering may offer new solutions to meet the demand for liver transplantation and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H. Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julio Cisneros Correa
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmer Sultan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Silvana Wilken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bruce Amiot
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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