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Raw RK, Rees J, Kelly CA, Wroe C, Chadwick DR. Prior COVID-19 infection is associated with increased Adverse Events (AEs) after the first, but not the second, dose of the BNT162b2/Pfizer vaccine. Vaccine 2021; 40:418-423. [PMID: 34895935 PMCID: PMC8642150 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The BNT162b2/Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has been widely used in the UK, particularly amongst healthcare workers (HCWs). To establish whether previous COVID-19 influenced vaccine-associated Adverse Events (AEs), we conducted a survey-based study of HCWs in Northeast England. Out of 1238 HCWs, 32% self-reported prior positive PCR and/or antibody test for SARS-CoV-2. Post-dose AEs were worse in those with prior COVID-19 after the first, but not the second dose of vaccine. Second dose AEs were greater in frequency/severity, regardless of COVID-19 history, and they were more systemic in nature. Women and younger HCW were more likely to report AEs after both doses, while dosing interval had no effect on AEs. Ongoing Symptomatic COVID-19 was associated with greater frequency/severity of AEs after dose 2, but not dose one. Overall, AEs were self-limiting and short-lived (i.e.,<48 h) in nature. These findings have implications for vaccine hesitancy and informing guidelines for recommended dosing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael K Raw
- School of Medicine and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Jon Rees
- The School of Psychology, University of Sunderland, UK
| | - Clive A Kelly
- The Department of Rheumatology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Caroline Wroe
- The Department of Nephrology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - David R Chadwick
- Centre for Clinical Infection, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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152
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Helle F, Moyet J, Demey B, François C, Duverlie G, Castelain S, Bloch F, Brochot E. Humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response after two doses of Comirnaty vaccine in nursing home residents by previous infection status. Vaccine 2021; 40:531-535. [PMID: 34893341 PMCID: PMC8639399 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. Although the advent of the first vaccines has significantly reduced these rates, data on older adults in clinical trials are scarce. Objectives We quantified and compared the humoral response in individuals with vs. without pre-existing seropositivity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in a cohort of 69 patients living in a nursing home and who had received the recommended two doses of the Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech®) vaccine. Results All 69 patients (100%) tested positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at 2 months post-vaccination. Residents with a pre-vaccination infection had significantly higher titers of anti-spike 1 IgG than those with no prior infection (median [interquartile range]: 55,726 [14463–78852] vs. 1314 [272–1249] arbitrary units, respectively; p < 0.001). The same result was observed for neutralizing antibodies titers (704 [320–1280] vs. 47 [20–40] respectively; p < 0.001). Between the pre-vaccination and post-vaccination periods, for IgG and neutralizing antibodies, we observed a 49 and 8-fold increase respectively. In comparison to the wild-type Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), the binding capacity of these vaccine sera was significantly decreased on the B.1.351 and P.1 variants RBD but not decreased with respect to the B.1.1.7 RBD. Although all nursing home residents developed a humoral response following Comirnaty vaccine, its intensity appeared to depend on the pre-vaccination serological status. Conclusion Our results raise the question of how many doses of vaccine should be administered in older and how long the protection will be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Helle
- Department of Virology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Agents infectieux résistance et chimiothérapie Research Unit, UR4294, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Julien Moyet
- Department of Gerontology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Baptiste Demey
- Department of Virology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Agents infectieux résistance et chimiothérapie Research Unit, UR4294, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Catherine François
- Department of Virology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Agents infectieux résistance et chimiothérapie Research Unit, UR4294, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Gilles Duverlie
- Department of Virology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Agents infectieux résistance et chimiothérapie Research Unit, UR4294, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Sandrine Castelain
- Department of Virology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Agents infectieux résistance et chimiothérapie Research Unit, UR4294, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Fréderic Bloch
- Department of Gerontology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Etienne Brochot
- Department of Virology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France; Agents infectieux résistance et chimiothérapie Research Unit, UR4294, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.
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153
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Milazzo L, Pezzati L, Oreni L, Kullmann C, Lai A, Gabrieli A, Bestetti G, Beschi C, Conti F, Ottomano C, Gervasoni C, Meroni L, Galli M, Antinori S, Ridolfo AL. Impact of prior infection status on antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers at a COVID-19 referral hospital in Milan, Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4747-4754. [PMID: 35086438 PMCID: PMC8862160 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2002639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Italy, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign prioritized healthcare workers (HCWs) to receive two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine, irrespective of a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this real-life study, we compared the humoral response to BNT162b2 vaccine in HCWs with and without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of the 407 HCWs enrolled, 334 (82.1%) were SARS-CoV-2-naive and 73 (17.9%) SARS-CoV-2-experienced. Post-vaccine humoral response was detectable in more than 98% of HCWs. Overall, the median level of anti-S IgG in SARS-COV-2-experienced HCWs was twice as high as those of SARS-CoV-2-naive subjects (24641.0 AU/mL [IQR: 15273.0->40000.0] versus 13053.8 [IQR: 7303.3-20105.8]; p < .001), irrespective of the time elapsed from SARS-CoV-2 previous infection. In a subgroup of SARS-CoV-2-naive and -experienced subjects who received only one dose of the vaccine, the latter showed 32 times higher levels of anti-S IgG compared to the former. Although no serious adverse events have been reported, mild to moderate side effects occurred more frequently after the first dose in the SARS-CoV-2-experienced than in naive subjects (67% versus 42%, respectively; p < .001). Notably, post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels ≥20,000 AU/mL were independently associated with the risk of fever ≥38°C (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.122, 95% CI 2.368-11.080, p < .0001).Our study showed high responsiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine and a relationship between levels of antibody response and reactogenicity. It suggests that a single dose of mRNA vaccine might evoke effective protection in SARS-CoV-2-experienced subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Milazzo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzati
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Oreni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Lai
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bestetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico Conti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Gervasoni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Meroni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Ridolfo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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154
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Jamiruddin R, Haq A, Khondoker MU, Ali T, Ahmed F, Khandker SS, Jawad I, Hossain R, Ahmed S, Rahman SR, Mustafi M, Kaitsuka T, Mie M, Tomizawa K, Kobatake E, Haque M, Adnan N. Antibody response to the first dose of AZD1222 vaccine in COVID-19 convalescent and uninfected individuals in Bangladesh. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1651-1660. [PMID: 34503369 PMCID: PMC8442763 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1977630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination with the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222) initially started in the UK and quickly implemented around the Globe, including Bangladesh. Up to date, more than nine million doses administrated to the Bangladeshi public. METHOD Herein, we studied the antibody response to the first dose of AZD1222 in 86 Bangladeshi individuals using in-house ELISA kits. Study subjects were categorized into two groups, convalescent and uninfected, based on prior infection history and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-IgG profiles. RESULTS All the convalescent individuals presented elevated spike-1-IgG compared to 90% of uninfected ones after the first dose. Day >28 post-vaccination, the convalescent group showed six times higher antibody titer than the uninfected ones. The most elevated antibody titers for the former and later group were found at Day 14 and Days >28 post-vaccination, respectively. The spike-1-IgA titer showed a similar pattern as spike-1-IgG, although in a low-titer. In contrast, the IgM titer did not show any significant change in either group. CONCLUSION High antibody titer in the convalescent group, signify the importance of the first dose among the uninfected group. This study advocates the integration of antibody tests in vaccination programs in the healthcare system for maximizing benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeed Jamiruddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsanul Haq
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohib Ullah Khondoker
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Community Medicine, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Ali
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahad Saif Khandker
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irfan Jawad
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubel Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mamun Mustafi
- Department of Community Medicine, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taku Kaitsuka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayasu Mie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health Universiti Pertahanan, Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sugai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nihad Adnan
- Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic & Research Center, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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155
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Pani A, Cento V, Vismara C, Campisi D, Di Ruscio F, Romandini A, Senatore M, Schenardi PA, Gagliardi OM, Giroldi S, Zoppini L, Moreno M, Corradin M, Epis OM, Ughi N, Cuppari I, Crocchiolo R, Merli M, Bosio M, Rossini S, Puoti M, Scaglione F. Results of the RENAISSANCE Study: REsponse to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vacciNe-short- And long-term Immune reSponSe evAluatioN in health Care workErs. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2966-2979. [PMID: 34736776 PMCID: PMC8403667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-spike (S) IgG antibody production after vaccination with BNT162b2 and the protection from symptomatic breakthrough infections in health care workers. METHODS This prospective observational study (RENAISSANCE) had as a primary end point the evaluation of serologic response to BNT162b2 14 days after a second dose. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies were evaluated with LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay (DiaSorin S.p.A.), which is able to detect the presence of both binding and neutralizing antibodies for trimeric spike glycoprotein. Participants were recruited from February 1, 2021, to February 22, 2021. Occurrence of vaccine breakthrough infections was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on symptomatic and contact cases up to June 6, 2021. RESULTS Of 2569 staff evaluated, only 4 were nonresponders (0.16%; 95% CI, 0.04% to 0.41%). All 4 nonresponders were severely immunosuppressed and receiving treatment with mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid. At 14 days after the second dose, 67.5% (1733) of staff had anti-S IgG titers of 2000 BAU/mL or higher; 19.2% (494), between 1500 and 2000 BAU/mL; 9.8% (251), between 1000 and 1500 BAU/mL; and 3.4% (87), 1000 BAU/mL or lower. Women had a higher probability of having higher titers than men (64.5% [1044/1618] vs 58.3% [410/703]; P=.005). This was confirmed after adjustment for age group (odds ratio, 1.275; 95% CI, 1.062 to 1.531; P=.009). Four months after the end of the vaccination program, only 13 participants (0.26%) had experienced a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 1 nonresponder. This was the only participant requiring hospitalization for severe COVID-19. CONCLUSION The vaccination campaign among health care workers at the ASST GOM Niguarda has resulted in a marked serologic response and reduction of incident COVID-19 cases. Yet, the lack of protection should not be overlooked in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valeria Cento
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vismara
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Campisi
- Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Di Ruscio
- Postgraduate School of Microbiology and Virology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romandini
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Senatore
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Andrea Schenardi
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar Matteo Gagliardi
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Giroldi
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Zoppini
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Moreno
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Corradin
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Ughi
- Rheumatology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cuppari
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Crocchiolo
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Merli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bosio
- Healthcare Management Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Rossini
- Division of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Puoti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Chemical-Clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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156
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Chahla RE, Tomas-Grau RH, Cazorla SI, Ploper D, Vera Pingitore E, López MA, Aznar P, Alcorta ME, Vélez EMDM, Stagnetto A, Ávila CL, Maldonado-Galdeano C, Socias SB, Heinze D, Navarro SA, Llapur CJ, Costa D, Flores I, Edelstein A, Kowdle S, Perandones C, Lee B, Apfelbaum G, Mostoslavsky R, Mostoslavsky G, Perdigón G, Chehín RN. Long-term analysis of antibodies elicited by SPUTNIK V: A prospective cohort study in Tucumán, Argentina. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2021; 6:100123. [PMID: 34841388 PMCID: PMC8604626 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gam-COVID-Vac (SPUTNIK V) has been granted emergency use authorization in 70 nations and has been administered to millions worldwide. However, there are very few peer-reviewed studies describing its effects. Independent reports regarding safety and effectiveness could accelerate the final approval by the WHO. We aimed to study the long-term humoral immune response in naïve and previously infected volunteers who received SPUTNIK V. METHODS Humoral immune responses, assayed by anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike-RBD IgG ELISA and neutralization assays, were measured in 602 healthcare workers at 0, 14, 28, 60 and 180 days after receiving SPUTNIK V between December 2020 and July 2021 in Tucumán, Argentina. FINDINGS Seroconversion was detected in 97% of individuals after 28 days post-vaccination (dpv) (N = 405). Anti-RBD titers began to decrease after 60 dpv (N = 328), but remained detectable in 94% at 90 dpv (N = 224). At 180 dpv, anti-RDB titers persisted in 31% (N = 146). Previous infection triggered an increased immune response to the first dose and increased neutralization activity against variants of concern (VOC). Second doses in previously infected individuals further increased titers, even 90 dpv (N = 75). Basal antibody titers had more influence on post-vaccination anti-RBD responses than the time elapsed between diagnosis and vaccination (N = 274). INTERPRETATION Data presented herein provides essential knowledge regarding the kinetics of antibodies induced by SPUTNIK V up to six months after immunization, and suggests that when considering one-dose vaccination policies for individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, serological studies to determine basal titers may be important, independent of when diagnosis occurred. FUNDING Tucumán Public Health System (SIPROSA), Argentinean National Research Council (CONICET), National University of Tucumán (UNT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Hernán Tomas-Grau
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada IMMCA (UNT-CONICET-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Diego Ploper
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada IMMCA (UNT-CONICET-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Esteban Vera Pingitore
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada IMMCA (UNT-CONICET-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Patricia Aznar
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública (LSP-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | | | - Agustín Stagnetto
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada IMMCA (UNT-CONICET-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | - César Luís Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada IMMCA (UNT-CONICET-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Sergio Benjamín Socias
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada IMMCA (UNT-CONICET-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Dar Heinze
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University School of Medicine. Boston, MA, United States
| | - Silvia Adriana Navarro
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada IMMCA (UNT-CONICET-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Dardo Costa
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública (LSP-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Isolina Flores
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública (LSP-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alexis Edelstein
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shreyas Kowdle
- Department of Microbiology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. New York, NY, United States
| | - Claudia Perandones
- Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS), Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabriela Apfelbaum
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT). Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Raúl Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM), Boston University School of Medicine. Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabriela Perdigón
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos-CERELA (CONICET). Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Rosana Nieves Chehín
- Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada IMMCA (UNT-CONICET-SIPROSA). Tucumán, Argentina
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157
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Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Przekwas J, Kraszewska Z, Sękowska A, Brodzka S, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Grudlewska-Buda K, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Zacharski M, Mańkowska-Cyl A, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. The Differences in the Level of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies after mRNA Vaccine between Convalescent and Non-Previously Infected People Disappear after the Second Dose-Study in Healthcare Workers Group in Poland. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1402. [PMID: 34960148 PMCID: PMC8707727 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In many infections, antibodies play a crucial role in controlling infection. In COVID-19, the dynamics of the immune system response to SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. (2) Methods: The study was conducted on 120 healthcare workers from Dr. Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, between June and December 2020. In all participants, IgA and IgG antibody serum concentrations were measured using the semi-quantitative Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA test (Euroimmun). After vaccination, in January and February 2021, antibody levels were examined using the quantitative IgG Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Quantivac ELISA test (Euroimmun). (3) Results: During the whole study period, the SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 29 (24.2%) participants. In all infected participants, IgA and IgG antibodies were detectable after infection by semi-quantitative serological tests. Levels of antibodies were higher one month after the first dose in the convalescents than in the non-previously infected participants. In this second group, the level of antibodies increased significantly after the second dose of vaccines compared to the first dose. (4) Conclusions: The level of antibodies after the first dose of vaccine in the convalescents' group is higher than in the SARS-CoV-2 non-infected group, but the differences disappear after the second vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (N.W.-K.); (K.G.-B.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Jana Przekwas
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (N.W.-K.); (K.G.-B.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Zuzanna Kraszewska
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (N.W.-K.); (K.G.-B.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Alicja Sękowska
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (N.W.-K.); (K.G.-B.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Sylwia Brodzka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (N.W.-K.); (K.G.-B.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (N.W.-K.); (K.G.-B.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Zacharski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Mańkowska-Cyl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (N.W.-K.); (K.G.-B.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.-P.); (J.P.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (N.W.-K.); (K.G.-B.); (E.G.-K.)
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158
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Yang X, Li Z, Wang B, Pan Y, Jiang C, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhou C, Hu C, Zhang Z, Xu H, Liao W, Vizcaychipi MP, Sanders RD, Li Y, Ma D, Peng Z. Prognosis and antibody profiles in survivors of critical illness from COVID-19: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2021; 128:491-500. [PMID: 34980470 PMCID: PMC8616737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need to assess the long-term outcomes of survivors of critical illness from COVID-19. Methods Ninety-two survivors of critical illness from COVID-19 from four hospitals in Hubei Province, China participated in this prospective cohort study. Multiple characteristics, including lung function (lung volumes, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, chest computed tomography scores, and walking capacity); immune status (SARS-CoV-2-neutralising antibody and all subtypes of immunoglobulin (Ig) G against SARS-CoV-2, immune cells in response to ex vivo antigen peptide stimuli, and lymphocyte count and its subtypes); liver, coagulation, and kidney functions; quality of life; cognitive function; and mental status, were assessed after 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Results Amongst the 92 enrolled survivors, 72 (78%) patients required mechanical ventilation. At 12 months, the predicted percentage diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide was 82% (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 76–97%) with a residual volume of 77 (64–88)%. Other lung function parameters and the 6-min walk test improved gradually over time and were almost back to normal by 12 months. The titres of IgG and neutralising antibody to COVID-19 remained high at 12 months compared with those of controls who were not infected with COVID-19, although IgG titres decreased significantly from 34.0 (IQR: 23.8–74.3) to 15.0 (5.8–24.3) AU ml−1 (P<0.001), whereas neutralising antibodies decreased from 29.99 (IQR: 19.43–53.93) AU ml−1 at 6 months to 19.75 (13.1–29.8) AU ml−1 (P<0.001) at 12 months. In general, liver, kidney, physical, and mental functions also improved over time. Conclusions Survivors of critical illness from COVID-19 show some persistent long-term impairments in lung function. However, a majority of these tests were normal by 12 months. These patients still had detectable levels of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and all types of IgG at 12 months, but the levels had declined over this time period. Clinical trial registration None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyun Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xishui People's Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huang Gang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhijiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University School of Health Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weijin Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Marcela P Vizcaychipi
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert D Sanders
- Department of Anaesthetics & Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Anaesthetics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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159
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Ferrari D, Mangia A, Spanò MS, Zaffarano L, Viganò M, Di Resta C, Locatelli M, Ciceri F, De Vecchi E. Quantitative serological evaluation as a valuable tool in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:2019-2026. [PMID: 34614550 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES After exceptional research efforts, several vaccines were developed against SARS-CoV-2 which sustains the pandemic COVID-19. The Comirnaty vaccine showed high efficacy in clinical trials and was the first to be approved for its distribution to the general population. We evaluated the immune response induced by the first vaccine dose in different sex/age groups and subjects with or without naturally present anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. METHODS As part of an Italian multicenter project (Covidiagnostix), serum samples from 4,290 health-professionals were serologically tested the day of the first vaccination dose, and 21 days later, using two different instrumentations (Siemens-Healthineers and Roche). RESULTS In total, 97% of samples showed the presence of specific antibodies 21 days after the vaccination dose; the percentage of non-responders increased with age in both genders. Remarkably, naturally seropositive individuals showed antibody persistence up to 11 months and an exceptionally higher vaccination response compared to subjects never infected by SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the importance of the serological test i) to identify naturally SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals and ii) to evaluate the antibody level elicited by the first vaccination dose. Both tests, highlighted differences in the immune response, when subjects were stratified by sex and age, and between naturally seropositive and seronegative subjects. The data obtained show how serological tests could play a crucial role in the triage of the population subjected to the vaccination campaign for COVID-19. The definition of suitable instrumentation-specific thresholds is needed to correctly follow eventually acquired post-vaccination immunity in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Sestina Spanò
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Zaffarano
- Blood Bank Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Fondazione, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marco Viganò
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Ciceri
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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160
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Cagigi A, Yu M, Österberg B, Svensson J, Falck-Jones S, Vangeti S, Åhlberg E, Azizmohammadi L, Warnqvist A, Falck-Jones R, Gubisch PC, Ödemis M, Ghafoor F, Eisele M, Lenart K, Bell M, Johansson N, Albert J, Sälde J, Pettie DD, Murphy MP, Carter L, King NP, Ols S, Normark J, Ahlm C, Forsell MN, Färnert A, Loré K, Smed-Sörensen A. Airway antibodies emerge according to COVID-19 severity and wane rapidly but reappear after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e151463. [PMID: 34665783 PMCID: PMC8663786 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the presence and durability of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the airways is required to provide insights into the ability of individuals to neutralize the virus locally and prevent viral spread. Here, we longitudinally assessed both systemic and airway immune responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in a clinically well-characterized cohort of 147 infected individuals representing the full spectrum of COVID-19 severity, from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. In addition, we evaluated how SARS-CoV-2 vaccination influenced the antibody responses in a subset of these individuals during convalescence as compared with naive individuals. Not only systemic but also airway antibody responses correlated with the degree of COVID-19 disease severity. However, although systemic IgG levels were durable for up to 8 months, airway IgG and IgA declined significantly within 3 months. After vaccination, there was an increase in both systemic and airway antibodies, in particular IgG, often exceeding the levels found during acute disease. In contrast, naive individuals showed low airway antibodies after vaccination. In the former COVID-19 patients, airway antibody levels were significantly elevated after the boost vaccination, highlighting the importance of prime and boost vaccinations for previously infected individuals to obtain optimal mucosal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cagigi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Österberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Svensson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Falck-Jones
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sindhu Vangeti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Åhlberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lida Azizmohammadi
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Warnqvist
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, and
| | - Ryan Falck-Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia C. Gubisch
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mert Ödemis
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farangies Ghafoor
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Eisele
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Lenart
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Bell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Laboratory, and
| | - Jörgen Sälde
- Närakut SLSO, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deleah D. Pettie
- Department of Biochemistry and
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry and
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Normark
- Section of Infection and Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Section of Infection and Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias N. Forsell
- Section of Infection and Immunology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ferrari D, Clementi N, Criscuolo E, Ambrosi A, Corea F, Di Resta C, Tomaiuolo R, Mancini N, Locatelli M, Plebani M, Banfi G. Antibody Titer Kinetics and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Six Months after Administration with the BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111357. [PMID: 34835288 PMCID: PMC8620373 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies reporting the long-term humoral response after receiving the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine are important to drive future vaccination strategies. Yet, available literature is scarce. Covidiagnostix is a multicenter study designed to assess the antibody response in >1000 healthcare professionals (HCPs) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Serum was tested at time-0 (T0), before the first dose, T1, T2, and T3, respectively, 21, 42, and 180 days after T0. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-protein were measured to assess SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were measured to assess the vaccine response. Neutralization activity against the D614G, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants were also analyzed. Results: Six months post-vaccination HCPs showed an antibody titer decrease of approximately 70%, yet, the titer was still one order of magnitude higher than that of seropositive individuals before vaccination. We identified 12 post-vaccination infected HCPs. None showed severe symptoms. Interestingly, most of them showed titers at T2 above the neutralization thresholds obtained from the neutralization activity experiments. Conclusion: Vaccination induces a humoral response which is well detectable even six months post-vaccination. Vaccination prevents severe COVID-19 cases, yet post-vaccination infection is possible even in the presence of a high anti-S serum antibody titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale (CVSA) Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-906633; Fax: +39-0521-905151
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesca Corea
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Chiara Di Resta
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Rossella Tomaiuolo
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20158 Milan, Italy; (N.C.); (E.C.); (N.M.)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Laboratory Medicine Service, 20158 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (C.D.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padua University School of Medicine, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Surgery and Medicne Depertment, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20158 Milan, Italy; (A.A.); (R.T.); (G.B.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
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162
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Wang J, Guo C, Cai L, Liao C, Yi H, Li Q, Hu H, Deng Q, Lu Y, Guo Z, Chen Z, Lu J. Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772511. [PMID: 34868035 PMCID: PMC8640209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remains unknown whether pre-existing humoral immunity plays a role in vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. In this study, we collected 36 paired sera samples from 36 healthy volunteers before and after immunization with inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for COVID-19, and analyzed the distribution and intensity of pre-existing antibody responses at the epitope level pre-vaccination as well as the relationship between pre-existing sCoV immunity and vaccine-induced neutralization. We observed large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies in the conserved regions among sCoVs, especially the S2 subunit. Excep t for a few peptides, the IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M and N peptides did not differ significantly between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination sera of vaccinees who developed a neutralization inhibition rate (%inhibition) <40 and %inhibition ≥40 after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with strong and weak pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies (strong pre-CRA; weak pre-CRA) had similar %inhibition pre-vaccination (10.9% ± 2.9% vs. 12.0% ± 2.2%, P=0.990) and post-vaccination (43.8% ± 25.1% vs. 44.6% ± 21.5%, P=0.997). Overall, the strong pre-CRA group did not show a significantly greater increase in antibody responses to the S protein linear peptides post-vaccination compared with the weak pre-CRA group. Therefore, we found no evidence for a significant impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. Our research provides an important basis for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use in the context of high sCoV seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lin Cai
- Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Conghui Liao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaimin Yi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
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Halperin DT, Hearst N, Hodgins S, Bailey RC, Klausner JD, Jackson H, Wamai RG, Ladapo JA, Over M, Baral S, Escandón K, Gandhi M. Revisiting COVID-19 policies: 10 evidence-based recommendations for where to go from here. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2084. [PMID: 34774012 PMCID: PMC8590121 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies to control coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) have often been based on preliminary and limited data and have tended to be slow to evolve as new evidence emerges. Yet knowledge about COVID-19 has grown exponentially, and the expanding rollout of vaccines presents further opportunity to reassess the response to the pandemic more broadly. MAIN TEXT We review the latest evidence concerning 10 key COVID-19 policy and strategic areas, specifically addressing: 1) the expansion of equitable vaccine distribution, 2) the need to ease restrictions as hospitalization and mortality rates eventually fall, 3) the advantages of emphasizing educational and harm reduction approaches over coercive and punitive measures, 4) the need to encourage outdoor activities, 5) the imperative to reopen schools, 6) the far-reaching and long-term economic and psychosocial consequences of sustained lockdowns, 7) the excessive focus on surface disinfection and other ineffective measures, 8) the importance of reassessing testing policies and practices, 9) the need for increasing access to outpatient therapies and prophylactics, and 10) the necessity to better prepare for future pandemics. CONCLUSIONS While remarkably effective vaccines have engendered great hope, some widely held assumptions underlying current policy approaches call for an evidence-based reassessment. COVID-19 will require ongoing mitigation for the foreseeable future as it transforms from a pandemic into an endemic infection, but maintaining a constant state of emergency is not viable. A more realistic public health approach is to adjust current mitigation goals to be more data-driven and to minimize unintended harms associated with unfocused or ineffective control efforts. Based on the latest evidence, we therefore present recommendations for refining 10 key policy areas, and for applying lessons learned from COVID-19 to prevent and prepare for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Halperin
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Norman Hearst
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Hodgins
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert C Bailey
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard G Wamai
- Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph A Ladapo
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mead Over
- Center for Global Development, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Escandón
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Grupo de Investigación en Virus Emergentes VIREM, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Keeton R, Richardson SI, Moyo-Gwete T, Hermanus T, Tincho MB, Benede N, Manamela NP, Baguma R, Makhado Z, Ngomti A, Motlou T, Mennen M, Chinhoyi L, Skelem S, Maboreke H, Doolabh D, Iranzadeh A, Otter AD, Brooks T, Noursadeghi M, Moon JC, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Blackburn J, Hsiao NY, Williamson C, Riou C, Goga A, Garrett N, Bekker LG, Gray G, Ntusi NAB, Moore PL, Burgers WA. Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 boosts and broadens Ad26.COV2.S immunogenicity in a variant-dependent manner. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1611-1619.e5. [PMID: 34688376 PMCID: PMC8511649 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Johnson and Johnson Ad26.COV2.S single-dose vaccine represents an attractive option for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in countries with limited resources. We examined the effect of prior infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants on Ad26.COV2.S immunogenicity. We compared participants who were SARS-CoV-2 naive with those either infected with the ancestral D614G virus or infected in the second wave when Beta predominated. Prior infection significantly boosts spike-binding antibodies, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and neutralizing antibodies against D614G, Beta, and Delta; however, neutralization cross-reactivity varied by wave. Robust CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are induced after vaccination, regardless of prior infection. T cell recognition of variants is largely preserved, apart from some reduction in CD8 recognition of Delta. Thus, Ad26.COV2.S vaccination after infection could result in enhanced protection against COVID-19. The impact of the infecting variant on neutralization breadth after vaccination has implications for the design of second-generation vaccines based on variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roanne Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simone I Richardson
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marius B Tincho
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntombi Benede
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelia P Manamela
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Baguma
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zanele Makhado
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thopisang Motlou
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mathilda Mennen
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa
| | - Lionel Chinhoyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa
| | - Sango Skelem
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa
| | - Hazel Maboreke
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deelan Doolabh
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arash Iranzadeh
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ashley D Otter
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Blackburn
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nei-Yuan Hsiao
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; NHLS Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ameena Goga
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa; Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Glenda Gray
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Penny L Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Poor neutralizing antibody responses in 106 patients with WM after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a prospective study. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4398-4405. [PMID: 34529762 PMCID: PMC8450138 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti–SARS-CoV-2 vaccination leads to lower production of antibodies in WM patients. Treatment with rituximab or BTK inhibitors was an independent prognostic factor for suboptimal antibody response after vaccination.
Immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies are more susceptible to COVID-19 and at higher risk of severe complications and worse outcomes compared with the general population. In this context, we evaluated the humoral response by determining the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) after vaccination with the BNT162b2 or AZD1222 vaccine. A US Food and Drug Administration–approved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–based methodology was implemented to evaluate NAbs on the day of the first vaccine shot, as well as on days 22 and 50 afterward. A total of 106 patients with WM (43% men; median age, 73 years) and 212 healthy controls (46% men; median age, 66 years) who were vaccinated during the same period at the same center were enrolled in the study (which is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT04743388). Our data indicate that vaccination with either 2 doses of the BNT162b2 or 1 dose of the AZD1222 vaccine leads to lower production of NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with WM compared with controls on days 22 and 50 (P < .001 for all comparisons). Disease-related immune dysregulation and therapy-related immunosuppression are involved in the low humoral response. Importantly, active treatment with either rituximab or Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors was proven as an independent prognostic factor for suboptimal antibody response after vaccination. In conclusion, patients with WM have low humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination, which underlines the need for timely vaccination ideally during a treatment-free period and for continuous vigilance on infection control measures.
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166
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Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines: Role of past infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259703. [PMID: 34748607 PMCID: PMC8575273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are globally authorized as a two-dose regimen. Understanding the magnitude and duration of protective immune responses is vital to curbing the pandemic. We enrolled 461 high-risk health services workers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and first responders in the Los Angeles County Fire Department (LACoFD) to assess the humoral responses in previously infected (PI) and infection naïve (NPI) individuals to mRNA-based vaccines (BNT162b2/Pfizer- BioNTech or mRNA-1273/Moderna). A chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was used to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in vaccinees prior to (n = 21) and following each vaccine dose (n = 246 following dose 1 and n = 315 following dose 2), and at days 31–60 (n = 110) and 61–90 (n = 190) following completion of the 2-dose series. Both vaccines induced robust antibody responses in all immunocompetent individuals. Previously infected individuals achieved higher median peak titers (p = 0.002) and had a slower rate of decay (p = 0.047) than infection-naïve individuals. mRNA-1273 vaccinated infection-naïve individuals demonstrated modestly higher titers following each dose (p = 0.005 and p = 0.029, respectively) and slower rates of antibody decay (p = 0.003) than those who received BNT162b2. A subset of previously infected individuals (25%) required both doses in order to reach peak antibody titers. The biologic significance of the differences between previously infected individuals and between the mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines remains uncertain, but may have important implications for booster strategies.
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167
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Dong Y, Dai T, Wang B, Zhang L, Zeng LH, Huang J, Yan H, Zhang L, Zhou F. The way of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development: success and challenges. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:387. [PMID: 34753918 PMCID: PMC8575680 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To halt the pandemic, multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed and several have been allowed for emergency use and rollout worldwide. With novel SARS-CoV-2 variants emerging and circulating widely, whether the original vaccines that were designed based on the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were effective against these variants has been a contentious discussion. Moreover, some studies revealed the long-term changes of immune responses post SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and the factors that might impact the vaccine-induced immunity. Thus, in this review, we have summarized the influence of mutational hotspots on the vaccine efficacy and characteristics of variants of interest and concern. We have also discussed the reasons that might result in discrepancies in the efficacy of different vaccines estimated in different trials. Furthermore, we provided an overview of the duration of immune responses after natural infection or vaccination and shed light on the factors that may affect the immunity induced by the vaccines, such as special disease conditions, sex, and pre-existing immunity, with the aim of aiding in combating COVID-19 and distributing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under the prevalence of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetian Dong
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Tong Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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168
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Ontañón J, Blas J, de Cabo C, Santos C, Ruiz-Escribano E, García A, Marín L, Sáez L, Beato JL, Rada R, Navarro L, Sainz de Baranda C, Solera J. Influence of past infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in health care workers: Kinetics and durability of the humoral immune response. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103656. [PMID: 34740112 PMCID: PMC8556513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are an invaluable resource against COVID-19. Current vaccine shortage makes it necessary to prioritize distribution to the most appropriate segments of the population. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of 63 health care workers (HCWs) from a General Hospital. We compared antibody responses to two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between HCWs with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (experienced HCWs) and HCWs without previous infection (naïve HCWs). FINDINGS Seven days after the first vaccine dose, HCWs with previous infection experienced a 126-fold increase in antibody levels (p<0·001). However, in the HCW naïve group, response was much lower and only five showed positive antibody levels (>50 AU). After the second dose, no significant increase in antibody levels was found in experienced HCWs, whereas in naïve HCWs, levels increased by 16-fold (p<0·001). Approximately two months post-vaccination, antibody levels were much lower in naïve HCWs compared to experienced HCWs (p<0·001). INTERPRETATION The study shows that at least ten months post-COVID-19 infection, the immune system is still capable of producing a rapid and powerful secondary antibody response following one single vaccine dose. Additionally, we found no further improvement in antibody response to the second dose in COVID-19 experienced HCWs. Nonetheless, two months later, antibody levels were still higher for experienced HCWs. These data suggest that immune memory persists in recovered individuals; therefore, the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in this group could be postponed until immunization of the remaining population is complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ontañón
- Immunology Unit, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquín Blas
- Microbiology Department, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos de Cabo
- Research Department, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Celia Santos
- Internal Medicine Department, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Elena Ruiz-Escribano
- Intensive Care Medicine Department, Albacete General Hospital c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio García
- Microbiology Department, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis Marín
- Immunology Unit, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sáez
- Internal Medicine Department, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain; University of Castilla - La Mancha at Albacete, Faculty of Medicine, c/Almansa, 14, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - José Luis Beato
- Internal Medicine Department, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ramón Rada
- Clinical Analysis Department, Albacete General Hospital c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Navarro
- Clinical Analysis Department, Albacete General Hospital c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Caridad Sainz de Baranda
- Microbiology Department, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Javier Solera
- Internal Medicine Department, Albacete General Hospital, c/ Hermanos Falcó 37, E-02008 Albacete, Spain; University of Castilla - La Mancha at Albacete, Faculty of Medicine, c/Almansa, 14, E-02008 Albacete, Spain.
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169
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Baos E, Delgado-Iribarren A, O Connor S, Bardón I, Alvaréz M, Rodríguez-Avial I, Culebras E. Negative effect of the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in a significant percentage of individuals with previous COVID infection. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 114:85-87. [PMID: 34749010 PMCID: PMC8570440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Baos
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Delgado-Iribarren
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia O Connor
- Occupational Health and Safety Service. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bardón
- Occupational Health and Safety Service. Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Alvaréz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iciar Rodríguez-Avial
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Culebras
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IML and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Mahallawi WH, Fakher MH, Alsarani MA, Aljohani RH, Al-Mutabgani SA, Ibrahim NA. A Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Primes a Strong Humoral Immune Response in COVID-19-Recovered Patients. Viral Immunol 2021; 35:122-128. [PMID: 34747643 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has affected hundreds of millions of people globally. The development of safe and effective vaccines represents an urgent demand. A total of 136 participants were recruited in this study, including 75 men and 61 women. The participants were divided into two groups: those who were virus naïve (never infected) and those who had recovered from COVID-19. Each group included individuals who received either the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA or the Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccine. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure anti-S IgG antibody concentrations in sequential serum samples obtained before vaccine administration, after the first vaccine dose, and after the second vaccine dose. We compared the antibody responses of individuals with confirmed prior COVID-19 infection with those of individuals without prior evidence of infection. All participants who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 who received one dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA or the Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccine showed significant anti-S IgG antibody levels. No sex-related differences were observed when we compared antibody levels between men and women. In infection-naïve participants ≥60 years, a second vaccine dose was necessary to achieve higher levels of antibody when comparing the IgG antibody levels after receiving the first and second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed H Mahallawi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Fakher
- Central Blood Bank and Regional Laboratory, General Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Nadir A Ibrahim
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Soysal A, Gönüllü E, Karabayır N, Alan S, Atıcı S, Yıldız İ, Engin H, Çivilibal M, Karaböcüoğlu M. Comparison of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected health care workers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:3876-3880. [PMID: 34324409 PMCID: PMC8330011 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1953344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) on previously naturally infected individuals are unknown. This study compared immunogenicity and reactogenicity of CoronaVac in once naturally infected health-care workers (HCWs) and uninfected HCWs. All HCWs were immunized with two doses of CoronaVac (600 U/0.5 ml) intramuscularly at a 28-day interval. Adverse reactions were obtained by web-based questionnaires or telephone calls seven days after each vaccine dose. Detection of antibody levels against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was done four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. We enrolled 103 previously naturally infected and 627 uninfected HCWs. The mean time for vaccination after the first nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 64 days (range: 15-136 days) in previously naturally infected HCWs. Among the previously naturally infected HCWs, 41 (40%) were asymptomatic, 52 (50%) had mild upper respiratory tract infections, 10 (105) had pneumonia, and only 6 (5%) were hospitalized. Any reported adverse reactions, either from the first dose or the second dose of vaccine administration, did not differ between previously infected and uninfected HCWs. Anti-RBD antibody titers were obtained in 50 (51%) of 103 previously infected HCWs and 142 (23%) of 627 uninfected HCWs. Anti-RBD antibody titers were significantly higher in HCWs with a previous natural infection (median 1220 AU/ml, range: 202-10328 AU/mL) than in uninfected HCWs (median: 913 AU/ml, range: 2.8-15547 AU/mL, p = .032). CoronaVac administration was safe and may elicit higher antibody responses in previously naturally infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Soysal
- Memorial Ataşehir Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Gönüllü
- Istanbul Health and Technology University, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nalan Karabayır
- Medipol University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Servet Alan
- Memorial Şişli Hospital, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Atıcı
- Okan University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Yıldız
- Department of Pediatrics, Namık Kemal University School of Medicine, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Havva Engin
- Memorial Ataşehir Hospital, Hospital Infection Control Unit, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Çivilibal
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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172
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Carreño JM, Alshammary H, Singh G, Raskin A, Amanat F, Amoako A, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, van de Guchte A, Study Group P, Srivastava K, Sordillo EM, Sather DN, van Bakel H, Krammer F, Simon V. Evidence for retained spike-binding and neutralizing activity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in serum of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine recipients. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103626. [PMID: 34688034 PMCID: PMC8527879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly efficacious vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been developed. However, the emergence of viral variants that are more infectious than the earlier SARS-CoV-2 strains is concerning. Several of these viral variants have the potential to partially escape neutralizing antibody responses, warranting continued immune-monitoring. METHODS We used a panel of 30 post-mRNA vaccination sera to determine neutralization and RBD and spike binding activity against a number of emerging viral variants. The virus neutralization was determined using authentic SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolates in an assay format that mimics physiological conditions. FINDINGS We tested seven currently circulating viral variants of concern/interest, including the three Iota sublineages, Alpha (E484K), Beta, Delta and Lambda in neutralization assays. We found only small decreases in neutralization against Iota and Delta. The reduction was stronger against a sub-variant of Lambda, followed by Beta and Alpha (E484K). Lambda is currently circulating in parts of Latin America and was detected in Germany, the US and Israel. Of note, reduction in a receptor binding domain and spike binding assay that also included Gamma, Kappa and A.23.1 was negligible. INTERPRETATION Taken together, these findings suggest that mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may remain effective against these viral variants of concern/interest and that spike binding antibody tests likely retain specificity in the face of evolving SARS-CoV-2 diversity. FUNDING This work is part of the PARIS/SPARTA studies funded by the NIAID Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contract 75N93019C00051. In addition, this work was also partially funded by the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS, contract # HHSN272201400008C), the JPB Foundation, the Open Philanthropy Project (research grant 2020-215611 (5384), by anonymous donors and by the Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) in part with Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91020F00003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hala Alshammary
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Raskin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Amoako
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adriana van de Guchte
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paris Study Group
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Komal Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilia Mia Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Global Health and Emerging Pathogen Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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173
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Clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7 Infection after Vaccination with Adenovirus-Vectored and Inactivated Vaccines. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112127. [PMID: 34834934 PMCID: PMC8623206 DOI: 10.3390/v13112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) has been associated with increased transmissibility, hospitalization, and mortality. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with B.1.1.7 VOC infection in the context of vaccination. On March 2021, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal samples from 14 of 22 individuals vaccinated with a single-dose of ChAdOx1 (outbreak A, n = 26), and 22 of 42 of individuals with two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine (outbreak B, n = 52) for breakthrough infection rates for ChAdOx1 of 63.6% and 52.4% for CoronaVac. The outbreaks were caused by two independent clusters of the B.1.1.7 VOC. The serum of PCR-positive symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals had ~1.8-3.4-fold more neutralizing capacity against B.1.1.7 compared to the serum of asymptomatic individuals. These data based on exploratory analysis suggest that the B.1.1.7 variant can infect individuals partially immunized with a single dose of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine or fully immunized with two doses of an inactivated vaccine, although the vaccines were able to reduce the risk of severe disease and death caused by this VOC, even in the elderly.
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174
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Racine-Brzostek SE, Yee JK, Sukhu A, Qiu Y, Rand S, Barone PD, Hao Y, Yang HS, Meng QH, Apple FS, Shi Y, Chadburn A, Golden E, Formenti SC, Cushing MM, Zhao Z. Rapid, robust, and sustainable antibody responses to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in convalescent COVID-19 individuals. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e151477. [PMID: 34499052 PMCID: PMC8564891 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine antibody response under real-world conditions. This longitudinal study investigated the quantity and quality of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in 846 specimens from 350 patients, comparing BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals (19 previously diagnosed with COVID-19, termed RecoVax; and 49 never diagnosed, termed NaiveVax) with 122 hospitalized unvaccinated (HospNoVax) and 160 outpatient unvaccinated (OutPtNoVax) COVID-19 patients. NaiveVax experienced delay in generating SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies (TAb) and surrogate neutralizing antibodies (SNAb) after the first vaccine dose (D1) but rapid increase in antibody levels after the second dose (D2). However, these never reached RecoVax's robust levels. In fact, NaiveVax TAb and SNAb levels decreased 4 weeks after D2. For the most part, RecoVax TAb persisted, after reaching maximal levels 2 weeks after D2, but SNAb decreased significantly about 6 months after D1. Although NaiveVax avidity lagged behind that of RecoVax for most of the follow-up periods, NaiveVax did reach similar avidity by about 6 months after D1. These data suggest that 1 vaccine dose elicits maximal antibody response in RecoVax and may be sufficient. Also, despite decreasing levels in TAb and SNAb over time, long-term avidity may be a measure worth evaluating and possibly correlating to vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E. Racine-Brzostek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jim K. Yee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley Sukhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuqing Qiu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Rand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul D. Barone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - He S. Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qing H. Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fred S. Apple
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Hennepin Healthcare/Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Melissa M. Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Campus, New York, New York, USA
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175
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Jahrsdörfer B, Fabricius D, Scholz J, Ludwig C, Grempels A, Lotfi R, Körper S, Adler G, Schrezenmeier H. BNT162b2 Vaccination Elicits Strong Serological Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Including Variants of Concern in Elderly Convalescents. Front Immunol 2021; 12:743422. [PMID: 34659239 PMCID: PMC8511403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have long been underrepresented in studies on vaccine efficacy, particularly in light of currently emerging variants of concern (VOCs). In this prospective observational cohort study, we analyzed serological immune responses in 190 individuals before, 3 weeks after 1st and 3 weeks after 2nd vaccination with BNT162b2. Unvaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects served as reference. End points comprised serum anti-spike IgG and IgA titers as well as neutralization capacities against unmutated and mutated SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domains including B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1. We found that antibody titers and neutralization capacities up to 3 weeks after 2nd vaccination with BNT162b2 were significantly higher in COVID-19-convalescent as compared to COVID-19-naive vaccinees. Moreover, pre-vaccination anti-NCP IgG titers, but not age or gender, had a high impact on the strength and kinetics of post-vaccination neutralization capacity development. Most importantly, BNT162b2-induced neutralization capacity was cross-reactive with VOCs. In contrast to unvaccinated convalescents, vaccinated convalescent individuals of all ages acquired strong neutralizing capacities against current VOCs. The present study suggests that COVID-19-convalescent individuals with a broad age range between 18 and 98 years benefit from BNT162b2 vaccination by developing strong and broad neutralizing immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 including current VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorit Fabricius
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith Scholz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolin Ludwig
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aline Grempels
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sixten Körper
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guido Adler
- Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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176
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Melgoza-González EA, Hinojosa-Trujillo D, Reséndiz-Sandoval M, Mata-Haro V, Hernández-Valenzuela S, García-Vega M, Bravo-Parra M, Arvizu-Flores AA, Valenzuela O, Velázquez E, Soto-Gaxiola A, Gómez-Meza MB, Pérez-Jacobo F, Villela L, Hernández J. Analysis of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients with the Pfizer-BioNTech and CanSinoBio vaccines. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e734-e745. [PMID: 34655457 PMCID: PMC8662108 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus was detected for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Currently, this virus has spread around the world, and new variants have emerged. This new pandemic virus provoked the rapid development of diagnostic tools, therapies and vaccines to control this new disease called COVID‐19. Antibody detection by ELISA has been broadly used to recognize the number of persons infected with this virus or to evaluate the response of vaccinated individuals. As the pandemic spread, new questions arose, such as the prevalence of antibodies after natural infection and the response induced by the different vaccines. In Mexico, as in other countries, mRNA and viral‐vectored vaccines have been widely used among the population. In this work, we developed an indirect ELISA test to evaluate S1 antibodies in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. By using this test, we showed that IgG antibodies against the S1 protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 were detected up to 42 weeks after the onset of the symptoms, in contrast to IgA and IgM, which decreased 14 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The evaluation of the antibody response in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer‐BioNTech and CanSinoBio vaccines showed no differences 2 weeks after vaccination. However, after completing the two doses of Pfizer‐BioNTech and the one dose of CanSinoBio, a significantly higher response of IgG antibodies was observed in persons vaccinated with Pfizer‐BioNTech than in those vaccinated with CanSinoBio. In conclusion, these results confirm that after natural infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, it is possible to detect antibodies for up to 10 months. Additionally, our results showed that one dose of the CanSinoBio vaccine induces a lower response of IgG antibodies than that induced by the complete scheme of the Pfizer‐BioNTech vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Melgoza-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Diana Hinojosa-Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Mónica Reséndiz-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Sofía Hernández-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Melissa García-Vega
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Marlene Bravo-Parra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Aldo A Arvizu-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Olivia Valenzuela
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Edgar Velázquez
- Centro Estatal de la Transfusión Sanguínea, Secretaria de Salud del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Alan Soto-Gaxiola
- Hospital General del Estado de Sonora "Dr. Ernesto Ramos Bours", Secretaria de Salud del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Martha B Gómez-Meza
- Departamento de Hematología y Banco de Sangre, Ciudad de México, Hospital Central Norte Pemex, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Villela
- Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Hermosillo, Hermosillo, Mexico.,Hospital Fernando Ocaranza, ISSSTE-Hermosillo, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico
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177
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Dalle Carbonare L, Valenti MT, Bisoffi Z, Piubelli C, Pizzato M, Accordini S, Mariotto S, Ferrari S, Minoia A, Bertacco J, Li Vigni V, Dorelli G, Crisafulli E, Alberti D, Masin L, Tiberti N, Longoni SS, Lopalco L, Beretta A, Zipeto D. Serology study after BTN162b2 vaccination in participants previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 in two different waves versus naïve. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2021; 1:38. [PMID: 35602204 PMCID: PMC9053253 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-021-00039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in individuals with waning immunity generated by a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the patterns of IgA and IgM responses in previously infected and in naïve individuals are still poorly understood. Methods We performed a serology study in a cohort of BTN162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients who were immunologically naïve (N, n = 50) or had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (P.I., n = 51) during the first (n = 25) or second (n = 26) pandemic waves in Italy, respectively. We measured IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) and IgG against the nucleocapsid (N) proteins, as well as the neutralizing activity of sera collected before vaccination, after the first and second dose of vaccine. Results Most P.I. individuals from the first pandemic wave who showed declining antibody titres responded to the first vaccine dose with IgG-S and pseudovirus neutralization titres that were significantly higher than those observed in N individuals after the second vaccine dose. In all recipients, a single dose of vaccine was sufficient to induce a potent IgA response that was not associated with serum neutralization titres. We observed an unconventional pattern of IgM responses that were elicited in only half of immunologically naïve subjects even after the second vaccine dose. Conclusions The response to a single dose of vaccine in P.I. individuals is more potent than that observed in N individuals after two doses. Vaccine-induced IgA are not associated with serum neutralization.
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Grants
- FUR 2020 Department of Excellence 2018-2022, MIUR, Italy, and the Brain Research Foundation Verona (D.Z.), the Italian Ministry of Health under “Fondi Ricerca Corrente – L1P5” and “Progetto COVID Ricerca Finalizzata 2020 12371675” to IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Z.B., C.P., N.T., S.L.), Fondazione VRT/CARITRO (M.P., S.A.), the COVID Research Projects 2020, Italian Ministry of Health, COVID2020-12371617 (L.L.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - Silvia Accordini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Povo (Trento), Italy
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Alberti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Masin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Natalia Tiberti
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Silvia Stefania Longoni
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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178
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Parai D, Choudhary HR, Dash GC, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Kanungo S, Kshatri JS, Pati S, Bhattacharya D. Single-dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 increases antibodies against spike glycoprotein among healthcare workers recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 44:102170. [PMID: 34653614 PMCID: PMC8511548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-Regional Medical Research, Centre Dept. of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India.
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Brehm TT, Thompson M, Ullrich F, Schwinge D, Addo MM, Spier A, Knobloch JK, Aepfelbacher M, Lohse AW, Lütgehetmann M, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Low SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and high vaccine-induced immunity among German healthcare workers at the end of the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 238:113851. [PMID: 34601375 PMCID: PMC8463331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this longitudinal cohort study, we assessed the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion rates and analyzed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-induced immunity of 872 hospital workers at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between May 11 and May 31, 2021. The overall seroprevalence of anti–NC–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 4.7% (n = 41), indicating low SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and persistent effectiveness of hospital-wide infection control interventions during the second and third wave of the pandemic. In total, 92.7% (n = 808) out of the entire study cohort, 98.2% (n = 325) of those who had been vaccinated once and all 393 individuals who had been vaccinated twice had detectable anti-S1-RBD-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and no significant differences in vaccine-induced immune response were detected between male and female individuals and between different age groups. Vaccinated study participants with detectable anti–NC–SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers (n = 30) developed generally higher anti-S1-RBD-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers compared to anti–NC–SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals (n = 694) (median titer: 7812 vs. 345 BAU/ml, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, study participants who received heterologous vaccination with AZD1222 followed by an mRNA vaccine showed markedly higher anti-S1-RBD-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers than individuals who received two doses of an mRNA vaccine or two doses of AZD1222 (median titer: AZD1222/AZD1222: 1069 BAU/ml, mRNA/mRNA: 1388 BAU/ml, AZD1222/mRNA: 9450 BAU/ml; p < 0.0001). Our results indicate that infection control interventions were generally effective in preventing nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and that COVID-19 vaccines can elicit strong humoral responses in the majority of a real-world cohort of hospital workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theo Brehm
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Michelle Thompson
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ullrich
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Anthea Spier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes K Knobloch
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Aepfelbacher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany.
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180
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Moyet J, Helle F, Bourdenet G, Joseph C, Gubler B, Brochot E, Bloch F. Neutralizing antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2 in a population residing in a nursing home and a long-term care unit. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21:1066-1068. [PMID: 34595810 PMCID: PMC8653212 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Moyet
- Department of Gerontology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Francois Helle
- AGIR Research Unit, UR UPJV 4294, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Gwladys Bourdenet
- Department of Immunology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.,HEMATIM - EA4666, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Cédric Joseph
- Infectious Diseases Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Brigitte Gubler
- Department of Immunology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.,HEMATIM - EA4666, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Department of Molecular Oncobiology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Etienne Brochot
- AGIR Research Unit, UR UPJV 4294, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.,Department of Virology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Bloch
- Department of Gerontology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.,Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences UR 4559, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
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Appelman B, van der Straten K, Lavell AHA, Schinkel M, Slim MA, Poniman M, Burger JA, Oomen M, Tejjani K, Vlaar APJ, Wiersinga WJ, Smulders YM, van Vught LA, Sanders RW, van Gils MJ, Bomers MK, Sikkens JJ. Time since SARS-CoV-2 infection and humoral immune response following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103589. [PMID: 34571363 PMCID: PMC8461365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To optimise the use of available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, some advocate delaying second vaccination for individuals infected within six months. We studied whether post-vaccination immune response is equally potent in individuals infected over six months prior to vaccination. METHODS We tested serum IgG binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neutralising capacity in 110 healthcare workers, before and after both BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccinations. We compared outcomes between participants with more recent infection (n = 18, median two months, IQR 2-3), with infection-vaccination interval over six months (n = 19, median nine months, IQR 9-10), and to those not previously infected (n = 73). FINDINGS Both recently and earlier infected participants showed comparable humoral immune responses after a single mRNA vaccination, while exceeding those of previously uninfected persons after two vaccinations with 2.5 fold (p = 0.003) and 3.4 fold (p < 0.001) for binding antibody levels, and 6.4 and 7.2 fold for neutralisation titres, respectively (both p < 0.001). The second vaccine dose yielded no further substantial improvement of the humoral response in the previously infected participants (0.97 fold, p = 0.92), while it was associated with a 4 fold increase in antibody binding levels and 18 fold increase in neutralisation titres in previously uninfected participants (both p < 0.001). Adjustment for potential confounding of sex and age did not affect these findings. INTERPRETATION Delaying the second vaccination in individuals infected up to ten months prior may constitute a more efficient use of limited vaccine supplies. FUNDING Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ZonMw; Corona Research Fund Amsterdam UMC; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Appelman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - A H Ayesha Lavell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Schinkel
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen A Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Meliawati Poniman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Oomen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Khadija Tejjani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Marije K Bomers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands.
| | - Jonne J Sikkens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands.
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182
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Claro F, Silva D, Rodriguez M, Rangel HR, de Waard JH. Immunoglobulin G antibody response to the Sputnik V vaccine: previous SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals may need just one vaccine dose. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111:261-266. [PMID: 34343704 PMCID: PMC8325383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody response against the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 86 individuals in Venezuela, before and after receiving the Sputnik V vaccine. METHODS Antibody responses against NP and RBD were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay just before, 3 weeks after the first, and 6 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. RESULTS Before vaccination, 59 individuals were seronegative, and 27 seropositive for NP and/or RBD. Of the seronegative cohort, 42% did not develop an IgG immune response against RBD after the first vaccine dose, but 100% had a strong IgG response after 2 doses. All seropositive individuals developed a strong IgG antibody response against RBD after the first vaccine dose, with antibody levels ∼40% higher than seronegative individuals who had received 2 doses. Previously seropositive subjects showed no significant increase in IgG antibody response against RBD after the second vaccine dose. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that 2 doses of the Sputnik V vaccine triggered antibody response in all study individuals. The second Sputnik V dose had no impact on IgG response for those seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antigens before vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Claro
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Douglas Silva
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Melissa Rodriguez
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Hector Rafael Rangel
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Los Teques, Venezuela
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.
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183
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Krsak M, Harry BL, Palmer BE, Franco-Paredes C. Postinfectious Immunity After COVID-19 and Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:504-509. [PMID: 34227891 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are highly effective for the prevention of COVID-19. Unfortunately, until we can safely, rapidly, and affordably vaccinate enough people to achieve collective immunity, we cannot afford to disregard the benefits of naturally acquired immunity in those, whose prior documented infections have already run their course. As long as the vaccine manufacturing, supply, or administration are limited in capacity, vaccination of individuals with naturally acquired immunity at the expense of others without any immune protection is inherently inequitable, and violates the principle of justice in biomedical ethics. Any preventable disease acquired during the period of such unnecessary delay in vaccination should not be overlooked, as it may and will result in some additional morbidity, mortality, related hospitalizations, and expense. Low vaccine production capacity complicated by inefficiencies in vaccine administration suggests, that vaccinating preferentially those without any prior protection will result in fewer natural infections more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krsak
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian L Harry
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brent E Palmer
- Divisions of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gomez, México City, Mexico
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184
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Hussain A, Rafeeq H, Asif HM, Shabbir S, Bilal M, Mulla SI, Franco M, Iqbal HMN. Current scenario of COVID-19 vaccinations and immune response along with antibody titer in vaccinated inhabitants of different countries. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108050. [PMID: 34426120 PMCID: PMC8343376 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic challenges have been only partially addressed so far. The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 is considered the combination of severe and high infectivity. Herdimmunity is attained when a critical proportion of the population is immune, providing the virus with fewer chances to spread locally. To overcome the rising tide of the COVID-19 pandemic, efficacious and safe vaccines providing defensive and long-lasting immunity responses are urgently needed.Vaccines that induce virus-neutralizing antibodies with great affinity can optimally fight against infection. Worldwide, over 120 novel vaccine candidates, including live-attenuated, inactivated, viral-vectored nonreplicating and replicating, peptide- and protein-based, and nucleic acid-based approaches are in the process of preclinical and clinical trials (phase 1-4). In addition to comprehensive safety assessments and immune responses, precise clinical management is also important for trials of vaccines. The recent emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is becoming a new threat for the world and a challenge for scientists to introduce the most influential vaccine against COVID-19. The possibility of natural and vaccine-induced immunity in variants finds it necessary to establish next-generation vaccines, which generate general neutralization against existing and future variants. Here, we summarize the cellular and humoral responses of SARS-CoV-2, current progress in vaccination development, the antibody titer response of available phase 4 vaccinations in vaccinated populations of different countries worldwide, and the success and challenges ahead of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Rafeeq
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Memoona Asif
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Shabbir
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Departament of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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185
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Patel N, Bouchard J, Oliver MB, Badowski ME, Carreno JJ. Early clinical trial data and real-world assessment of COVID-19 vaccines: Insights from the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy 2021; 41:837-850. [PMID: 34689348 PMCID: PMC8662264 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As of August 2021, there were three COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States for the prevention of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the early experience from the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of BNT162b2 (Pfizer, Inc./BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Inc.), and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson and Johnson/Janssen Global Services, LLC) through July 2021. The EUA data from the clinical trials have largely been corroborated by real-world effectiveness investigations post-authorization. These studies indicate that immunity is obtained within 2 weeks post-vaccination and may endure for 6 months. The immunity conferred by the vaccines may also be effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Additionally, populations not included in the emergency use authorization studies may also benefit from vaccination. This look back at the initial clinical experience can be used by the global community to inform and develop COVID-19 vaccine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish Patel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Meredith B. Oliver
- M Health Fairview University of Minnesota Masonic Children's HospitalMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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Ciabattini A, Pastore G, Fiorino F, Polvere J, Lucchesi S, Pettini E, Auddino S, Rancan I, Durante M, Miscia M, Rossetti B, Fabbiani M, Montagnani F, Medaglini D. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory B Cells Six Months After Vaccination With the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740708. [PMID: 34650563 PMCID: PMC8505800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy and immunogenicity, but limited information is currently available on memory B cell generation and long-term persistence. Here, we investigated spike-specific memory B cells and humoral responses in 145 subjects, up to 6 months after the BNT162b2 vaccine (Comirnaty) administration. Spike-specific antibodies peaked 7 days after the second dose and significant antibody titers and ACE2/RBD binding inhibiting activity were still observed after 6 months, despite a progressive decline over time. Concomitant to antibody reduction, spike-specific memory B cells, mostly IgG class-switched, increased in the blood of vaccinees and persisted 6 months after vaccination. Following the in vitro restimulation, circulating memory B cells reactivated and produced spike-specific antibodies. A high frequency of spike-specific IgG+ plasmablasts, identified by computational analysis 7 days after boost, positively correlated with the generation of IgG+ memory B cells at 6 months. These data demonstrate that mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine elicits strong B cell immunity with spike-specific memory B cells that still persist 6 months after vaccination, playing a crucial role for a rapid response to SARS-CoV-2 virus encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabiria Pastore
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiorino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Polvere
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Lucchesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Pettini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Auddino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rancan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Miriam Durante
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Miscia
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossetti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fabbiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Montagnani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Michos A, Tatsi EB, Filippatos F, Dellis C, Koukou D, Efthymiou V, Kastrinelli E, Mantzou A, Syriopoulou V. Association of total and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 spike -receptor binding domain antibodies with epidemiological and clinical characteristics after immunization with the 1 st and 2 nd doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Vaccine 2021; 39:5963-5967. [PMID: 34400017 PMCID: PMC8302834 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Data regarding the association of antibody levels elicited after immunization with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with epidemiological and clinical parameters are limited. Methods We prospectively measured the total (TAbs-RBD) and the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs-RBD) against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a cohort of 268 Healthcare workers before immunization, 20 days after the 1st dose and 30 days after the 2nd dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. A statistical analysis for possible association of antibodies’ levels with epidemiological and clinical parameters was performed. Results The mean age (±SD) of the participants was 45.45 years (±11.93) (range: 24–70 years) and 211 (79.9%) were females. Statistically significant differences were detected regarding both TAbs-RBD and NAbs-RBD between the first and second doses of the vaccine (P < 0.001). The median (IQR) percentage (%) of NAbs-RBD after the 1st dose was 51.07% (31.60%) and after the 2nd dose 95.31% (3.70%) (P < 0.001). The correlation between the TAbs-RBD and NAbs-RBD was after the 1st dose, Spearman’s, rho: 0.861 (P < 0.001) and after the 2nd dose rho: 0.989 (P < 0.001). Twenty days after the 1st dose, 56/264 (21.2%) of the participants had low levels of NAbs-RBD, while one month after the 2nd dose all of them had protective levels of NAbs-RBD. After the 2nd vaccine dose, a statistically significant negative association of TAbs-RBD was detected for age (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.011), and immunosuppressive medications (P < 0.001), while a positive association was detected for BMI (P = 0.004) and systemic adverse events after immunization (P = 0.001). Conclusion A significant correlation of TAbs-RBD and NAbs-RBD was detected after both vaccine doses. Older age, smoking, and immunosuppressive medications negatively affected the final antibody level after SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Our findings emphasize the significance of the 2nd vaccine dose especially in the older age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Filippos Filippatos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Dellis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Koukou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Efthymiou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kastrinelli
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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188
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Lasagna A, Agustoni F, Percivalle E, Borgetto S, Paulet A, Comolli G, Sarasini A, Bergami F, Sammartino JC, Ferrari A, Zavaglio F, Arena F, Lilleri D, Secondino S, Falzoni M, Schiavo R, Klersy C, Lo Cascio G, Cavanna L, Baldanti F, Pedrazzoli P, Cassaniti I. A snapshot of the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of a full course of BNT162b2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: a longitudinal cohort study. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100272. [PMID: 34543863 PMCID: PMC8407964 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very few cancer patients were enrolled in coronavirus disease-2019 vaccine studies. In order to address this gap of knowledge, real-world studies are mandatory. The aim of this study was to assess both humoral and cellular response after a messenger RNA vaccination schedule. Patients and methods Eighty-eight consecutive cancer patients treated with programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors were enrolled from the beginning of the vaccination campaign for frail patients. Blood samples for humoral and cell-mediated immune response evaluation were obtained before vaccination (T0), before the second administration (T1) and 21 days after the second dose (T2). The primary endpoint was the evaluation of the percentage of participants showing a significant increase in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cells, measured by an enzyme-linked immunospot assay, after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. The proportion of patients who reached the primary endpoint is computed together with its exact binomial 95% confidence interval. Results In SARS-CoV-2-naïve subjects, spike-specific T-cell response was almost undetectable at T0 [median 0.0 interferon-γ (IFN-γ) spot forming units (SFU)/million peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) interquartile range (IQR) 0-7.5] and significantly increased at T1 and T2 (median 15.0 IFN-γ SFU/million PBMC, 25th-75th 0-40 versus 90 IFN-γ SFU/million PBMC, 25th-75th 32.5-224, respectively) (P < 0.001). Focusing on naïve and experienced SARS-CoV-2 subjects, no differences were reported both in terms of CD4- and CD8-specific T-cell response, suggesting that BNT162b2 is able to elicit both adaptive responses after complete vaccination schedule, regardless of previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. The level of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies was low at T1 in SARS-CoV-2-naïve subjects [median 1 : 5 (IQR 1 : 5-1 : 20)] but reached a significantly higher median of 1 : 80 (25th-75th 1 : 20-1 : 160) at T2 (P < 0.0001). Moreover, no COVID-19 cases were documented throughout the period of study. Conclusions Our data have demonstrated that the administration of a full course of BNT162b2 vaccine elicited a sustained immune response against SARS-CoV-2 regardless of the type of cancer and/or the type of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In SARS-CoV-2-naïve subjects, spike-specific T-cell response was significantly increased after the second dose of vaccine In patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy, T-cell response seems to be lower with borderline statistical significance Between naïve and experienced patients, no differences were reported in terms of CD4- and CD8-specific T-cell response In naïve patients, the level of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies reached a significantly higher median of 1 : 80 after the second dose No COVID-19 cases were documented throughout the period of study
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lasagna
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - F Agustoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Percivalle
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Borgetto
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Paulet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Comolli
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Sarasini
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Bergami
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - J C Sammartino
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Ferrari
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Zavaglio
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Arena
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - D Lilleri
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Secondino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Falzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Schiavo
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - C Klersy
- Service of Clinical Epidemiology & Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Lo Cascio
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - L Cavanna
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - F Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - I Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Sokal A, Barba-Spaeth G, Fernández I, Broketa M, Azzaoui I, de La Selle A, Vandenberghe A, Fourati S, Roeser A, Meola A, Bouvier-Alias M, Crickx E, Languille L, Michel M, Godeau B, Gallien S, Melica G, Nguyen Y, Zarrouk V, Canoui-Poitrine F, Pirenne F, Mégret J, Pawlotsky JM, Fillatreau S, Bruhns P, Rey FA, Weill JC, Reynaud CA, Chappert P, Mahévas M. mRNA vaccination of naive and COVID-19-recovered individuals elicits potent memory B cells that recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants. Immunity 2021; 54:2893-2907.e5. [PMID: 34614412 PMCID: PMC8452492 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to serum immunoglobulins, memory B cell (MBC) generation against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is another layer of immune protection, but the quality of MBC responses in naive and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-recovered individuals after vaccination remains ill defined. We studied longitudinal cohorts of naive and disease-recovered individuals for up to 2 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. We assessed the quality of the memory response by analysis of antibody repertoires, affinity, and neutralization against variants of concern (VOCs) using unbiased cultures of 2,452 MBCs. Upon boosting, the MBC pool of recovered individuals expanded selectively, matured further, and harbored potent neutralizers against VOCs. Although naive individuals had weaker neutralizing serum responses, half of their RBD-specific MBCs displayed high affinity toward multiple VOCs, including delta (B.1.617.2), and one-third retained neutralizing potency against beta (B.1.351). Our data suggest that an additional challenge in naive vaccinees could recall such affinity-matured MBCs and allow them to respond efficiently to VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Sokal
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Giovanna Barba-Spaeth
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Matteo Broketa
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris 75015, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, Paris 75005, France
| | - Imane Azzaoui
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Équipe 2, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Andréa de La Selle
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Alexis Vandenberghe
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Équipe 2, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Slim Fourati
- Département de Virologie, Bactériologie, Hygiène et Mycologie-Parasitologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Équipe 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Anais Roeser
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Annalisa Meola
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Magali Bouvier-Alias
- Département de Virologie, Bactériologie, Hygiène et Mycologie-Parasitologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Équipe 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Etienne Crickx
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Laetitia Languille
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Marc Michel
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Bertrand Godeau
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Gallien
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Giovanna Melica
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Yann Nguyen
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Virginie Zarrouk
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Florence Canoui-Poitrine
- Département de Santé Publique, Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC), CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing), EA 7376, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - France Pirenne
- INSERM U955, Équipe 2, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Ile de France, Créteil, France
| | - Jérôme Mégret
- Plateforme de Cytométrie en Flux, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24-CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Département de Virologie, Bactériologie, Hygiène et Mycologie-Parasitologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Équipe 18, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1222, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris 75015, France
| | - Felix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Chappert
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Inovarion, Paris, France.
| | - Matthieu Mahévas
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMS 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri-Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; INSERM U955, Équipe 2, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France.
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190
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Levi R, Ubaldi L, Pozzi C, Angelotti G, Sandri MT, Azzolini E, Salvatici M, Savevski V, Mantovani A, Rescigno M. The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection persists over at least 8 months in symptomatic patients. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2021; 1:32. [PMID: 35072166 PMCID: PMC8767777 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-021-00032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persistence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection may depend on several factors and may be related to the severity of disease or to the different symptoms. Methods We evaluated the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in personnel from 9 healthcare facilities and an international medical school and its association with individuals’ characteristics and COVID-19 symptoms in an observational cohort study. We enrolled 4735 subjects (corresponding to 80% of all personnel) for three time points over a period of 8–10 months. For each participant, we determined the rate of antibody increase or decrease over time in relation to 93 features analyzed in univariate and multivariate analyses through a machine learning approach. Results Here we show in individuals positive for IgG (≥12 AU/mL) at the beginning of the study an increase [p = 0.0002] in antibody response in paucisymptomatic or symptomatic subjects, particularly with loss of taste or smell (anosmia/dysgeusia: OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.753 – 4.301), in a multivariate logistic regression analysis in the first three months. The antibody response persists for at least 8–10 months. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a long lasting antibody response that increases in the first months, particularly in individuals with anosmia/dysgeusia. This may be linked to the lingering of SARS-CoV-2 in the olfactory bulb. Levi and Ubaldi et al. evaluate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a cohort of 4735 healthcare workers in northern Italy. In seropositive individuals, they show that antibodies are maintained over a period of 8 to 10 months and associate changes in antibody levels over this period with symptoms and specific subgroups of participants. SARS-CoV-2 infection activates the body’s immune system to fight off infection. This immune response results in the production of proteins in the blood that target the virus called antibodies. The extent and duration of this antibody response may be associated with the type of symptoms the infected person is experiencing. Here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in individuals with asymptomatic, mild symptomatic (paucisymptomatic) and symptomatic disease in relation to the type of symptoms. We find that the antibody response is higher in people with symptoms and increases in the first three months, particularly in individuals with loss of smell or taste. In all people with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the start of the study, levels in the blood last for at least 8–10 months. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a long lasting antibody response which may protect from subsequent infections.
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191
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Gavriatopoulou M, Terpos E, Malandrakis P, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Briasoulis A, Gumeni S, Fotiou D, Papanagnou ED, Migkou M, Theodorakakou F, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Kanellias N, Trougakos IP, Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA. Myeloma patients with COVID-19 have superior antibody responses compared to patients fully vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:356-359. [PMID: 34528249 PMCID: PMC8653218 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a suboptimal antibody response following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and lower seroconversion rates following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) compared with healthy individuals. In this context, we evaluated the development of neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against SARS‐CoV‐2 in non‐vaccinated patients with MM and COVID‐19 compared with patients after vaccination with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Serum was collected either four weeks post confirmed diagnosis or four weeks post a second dose of BNT162b2. NAbs were measured with a Food and Drug Administration‐approved enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methodology. Thirty‐five patients with COVID‐19 and MM along with 35 matched patients were included. The two groups did not differ in age, sex, body mass index, prior lines of therapy, disease status, lymphocyte count, immunoglobulin levels and comorbidities. Patients with MM and COVID‐19 showed a superior humoral response compared with vaccinated patients with MM. The median (interquartile range) NAb titre was 87·6% (71·6–94%) and 58·7% (21·4–91·8%) for COVID‐19‐positive and vaccinated patients, respectively (P = 0·01).Importantly, there was no difference in NAb production between COVID‐19‐positive and vaccinated patients who did not receive any treatment (median NAb 85·1% vs 91·7%, P = 0·14). In conclusion, our data indicate that vaccinated patients with MM on treatment without prior COVID‐19 should be considered for booster vaccine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Fotiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Dimitra Papanagnou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Magdalini Migkou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Theodorakakou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Kanellias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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192
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies formed in response to the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1237 mRNA vaccine by commercial antibody tests. Vaccine 2021; 39:5563-5570. [PMID: 34454782 PMCID: PMC8354789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background With rapid approval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the ability of clinical laboratories to detect vaccine-induced antibodies with available high-throughput commercial assays is unknown. We aimed to determine if commercial serology assays can detect vaccine-induced antibodies (VIAs) and understand the vaccination response. Methods This cohort study recruited healthcare workers and residents of long-term care facilities (receiving the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 products, respectively) who underwent serum collection pre-vaccination (BNT162b2 group), 2-weeks post vaccination (both groups), and pre-2nd dose (both groups). Sera were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG using four commercial assays (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant, DiaSorin Trimeric S IgG, and GenScript cPASS) to detect VIAs. Secondary outcomes included description of post-vaccination antibody response and correlation with neutralizing titers. Results 225 participants (177 receiving BNT162b2 and 48 receiving mRNA-1273) were included (median age 41 years; 66–78% female). Nucleocapsid IgG was found in 4.1% and 21.9% of the BNT162b2 (baseline) and mRNA-1273 (2-weeks post first dose). All anti-spike assays detected antibodies post-vaccination, with an average increase of 87.2% (range 73.8–94.3%; BNT162b2), and 25.2% (range 23.8–26.7%; mRNA-1273) between the first and last sampling time points (all p < 0.05). Neutralizing antibodies were detected at all post-vaccine timepoints for both vaccine arms, with increasing titers over time (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Anti-spike vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 IgG are detectable by commercially available high-throughput assays and increases over time. Prior to second dose of vaccination, neutralizing antibodies are detectable in 73–89% of individuals, suggesting most individuals would have some degree of protection from subsequent infection.
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Lapić I, Rogić D, Šegulja D, Zaninović L. Antibody response and self-reported adverse reactions following vaccination with Comirnaty: a pilot study from a Croatian university hospital. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:782-786. [PMID: 34526371 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) after both BioNTech-Pfizer Comirnaty vaccine doses and study the correlation with self-perceived adverse reactions. Antibodies determination with Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay was performed a day prior to or just before administration of the second dose and 8-13 days after the second dose. Participants selected from a predefined list of the experienced local (injection site reactions) and/or systemic (fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, chills and fever) post-vaccination adverse reactions. An average 100-fold increase in antibody titre in naive vaccinees was observed between the two time points (median 67 U/mL vs 2841 U/mL, p<0.001). Participants aged below 50 had higher antibody titres (median 99 U/mL vs 26 U/mL, p=0.003 after the first dose; median 3617 U/mL vs 2556 U/mL, p=0.026 after the second dose). All reported adverse reactions were mild-to-moderate, with more participants declaring systemic reactions after the second dose (p=0.001), without a clear correlation with antibody titre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lapić
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragana Šegulja
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Zaninović
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Painter MM, Mathew D, Goel RR, Apostolidis SA, Pattekar A, Kuthuru O, Baxter AE, Herati RS, Oldridge DA, Gouma S, Hicks P, Dysinger S, Lundgreen KA, Kuri-Cervantes L, Adamski S, Hicks A, Korte S, Giles JR, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Dougherty J, Long S, D'Andrea K, Hamilton JT, Betts MR, Bates P, Hensley SE, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ. Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Immunity 2021; 54:2133-2142.e3. [PMID: 34453880 PMCID: PMC8361141 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, but questions remain about the nature and kinetics of T cell priming. We performed longitudinal antigen-specific T cell analyses on healthy SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals prior to and following mRNA prime and boost vaccination. Vaccination induced rapid antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses in naive subjects after the first dose, whereas CD8+ T cell responses developed gradually and were variable in magnitude. Vaccine-induced Th1 and Tfh cell responses following the first dose correlated with post-boost CD8+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Integrated analysis revealed coordinated immune responses with distinct trajectories in SARS-CoV-2-naive and recovered individuals. Last, whereas booster vaccination improved T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2-naive subjects, the second dose had little effect in SARS-CoV-2-recovered individuals. These findings highlight the role of rapidly primed CD4+ T cells in coordinating responses to the second vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals.
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MESH Headings
- 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
- Adult
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- BNT162 Vaccine
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunologic Memory
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Peptides/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/physiology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccination
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Painter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rishi R Goel
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ramin S Herati
- NYU Langone Vaccine Center, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philip Hicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Dysinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendall A Lundgreen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharon Adamski
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott Korte
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher M McAllister
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sherea Long
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob T Hamilton
- Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul Bates
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immune Health™, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Urlaub D, Wolfsdorff N, Durak D, Renken F, Watzl C. SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly after BNT162b2 vaccination results in high anti-spike antibody levels in nursing home residents and staff. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1702-1706. [PMID: 34499821 PMCID: PMC8589355 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One dose of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine can elicit high antibody titers in individuals who were previously infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, it is unclear how a SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly after a first COVID-19 vaccine dose affects antibody responses. METHODS Here we investigate residents and staff of a nursing home, where a COVID-19 outbreak occurred shortly after the first BNT162b2 immunization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our data show that individuals who got infected as early as 10 days after their first immunization show antibody levels comparable to fully vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Urlaub
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Natalie Wolfsdorff
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Deniz Durak
- Dortmund Health Department, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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196
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Terpos E, Gavriatopoulou M, Fotiou D, Giatra C, Asimakopoulos I, Dimou M, Sklirou AD, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Darmani I, Briasoulis A, Kastritis E, Angelopoulou M, Baltadakis I, Panayiotidis P, Trougakos IP, Vassilakopoulos TP, Pagoni M, Dimopoulos MA. Poor Neutralizing Antibody Responses in 132 Patients with CLL, NHL and HL after Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4480. [PMID: 34503290 PMCID: PMC8430746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest suboptimal antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with hematological malignancies. We evaluated the humoral response following the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). An FDA-approved, ELISA-based methodology was implemented to evaluate the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 on day 1 of the first vaccine, and afterwards on day 22 and 50. One hundred and thirty-two patients with CLL/lymphomas and 214 healthy matched controls vaccinated during the same period, at the same center were enrolled in the study (NCT04743388). Vaccination with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to lower production of NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with CLL/lymphomas compared with controls both on day 22 and on day 50 (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Disease-related immune dysregulation and therapy-related immunosuppression are involved in the low humoral response. Importantly, active treatment with Rituximab, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for suboptimal antibody response. Patients with HL showed superior humoral responses to the NHL/CLL subgroups. In conclusion, patients with CLL/lymphomas have low humoral response following COVID-19 vaccination, underlining the need for timely vaccination ideally during a treatment-free period and for continuous vigilance on infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (D.F.); (I.N.-S.); (A.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (D.F.); (I.N.-S.); (A.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Despina Fotiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (D.F.); (I.N.-S.); (A.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Chara Giatra
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (C.G.); (I.D.); (I.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Ioannis Asimakopoulos
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.A.); (M.A.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Maria Dimou
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Aimilia D. Sklirou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.S.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (D.F.); (I.N.-S.); (A.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Ismini Darmani
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (C.G.); (I.D.); (I.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (D.F.); (I.N.-S.); (A.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (D.F.); (I.N.-S.); (A.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Maria Angelopoulou
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.A.); (M.A.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Ioannis Baltadakis
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (C.G.); (I.D.); (I.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Panayiotis Panayiotidis
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (A.D.S.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.A.); (M.A.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Maria Pagoni
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (C.G.); (I.D.); (I.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (M.G.); (D.F.); (I.N.-S.); (A.B.); (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
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197
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Danese E, Montagnana M, Salvagno GL, Gelati M, Peserico D, Pighi L, de Nitto S, Henry BM, Porru S, Lippi G. Comparison of five commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies and IgG immunoassays after vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:335-340. [PMID: 34616223 PMCID: PMC8451228 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-31475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since universal vaccinations represents the most effective strategy to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), baseline assessment and post-vaccine monitoring of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are essential to vaccination programs. Therefore, this study aimed to compare data of five commercial anti-SARS-CoV2 immunoassays after administration of an mRNA vaccine. Methods Venous blood was collected from three healthcare workers, receiving a double (30 g) dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine (Comirnaty, Pfizer), on the day of the first vaccine dose and then at fixed intervals for the following 2 months. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody response was assayed with Roche Total Ig anti-RBD (receptor binding domain), DiaSorin TrimericS IgG (spike trimer), Beckman Coulter IgG anti-RBD, SNIBE IgG anti-RBD and Technogenetics IgG anti-N/S1. Results A total number of 45 samples were drawn at the end of the 2-month study period. The Spearman's correlations of absolute anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were always excellent (all p<0.001), comprised between 0.967-0.994. Satisfactory results were also observed when absolute antiSARS-CoV-2 antibodies values of the five methods were compared with the mean consensus value, with correlations always higher than 0.979 (all p<0.001). The agreement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies positivity versus the consensus median positivity ranged between 0.764 and 1.000 (always p<0.001), but become always >0.900 after readjustment of one assay cutoff. Conclusions All the immunoassays evaluated in this study appear suitable for monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies response in subjects undergoing mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Danese
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy.,Pederzoli Hospital, Service of Laboratory Medicine, Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Matteo Gelati
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy
| | - Denise Peserico
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Pighi
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone de Nitto
- University of Verona, Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Verona, Italy
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stefano Porru
- University of Verona, Section of Occupational Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- University of Verona, Section of Occupational Medicine, Verona, Italy
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198
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Focosi D, Baj A, Maggi F. Is a single COVID-19 vaccine dose enough in convalescents ? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2959-2961. [PMID: 33950788 PMCID: PMC8108188 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1917238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 122 million persons worldwide. Most currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines require a two-dose course and many health systems are on a shortage of doses. The requirement for boosting the response after priming with the first dose is uncertain in convalescents already primed by the natural infection. Mounting evidences suggest that, after a single vaccine dose, convalescents develop antibody (total and neutralizing) levels similar to the ones measured in naïve vaccinees after the full two-dose course. While concerns remain on the equivalent duration of such response, optimizing vaccine delivery to convalescents seems effective and could accelerate achievement of herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- Department of Staff, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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199
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Yalçın TY, Topçu DI, Doğan Ö, Aydın S, Sarı N, Erol Ç, Kuloğlu ZE, Azap ÖK, Can F, Arslan H. Immunogenicity after two doses of inactivated virus vaccine in healthcare workers with and without previous COVID-19 infection: Prospective observational study. J Med Virol 2021; 94:279-286. [PMID: 34468990 PMCID: PMC8661640 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have been seen as the most important solution for ending the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibody levels after inactivated virus vaccination. We included 148 healthcare workers (74 with prior COVID‐19 infection and 74 with not). They received two doses of inactivated virus vaccine (CoronaVac). Serum samples were prospectively collected three times (Days 0, 28, 56). We measured SARS‐CoV‐2 IgGsp antibodies quantitatively and neutralizing antibodies. After the first dose, antibody responses did not develop in 64.8% of the participants without prior COVID‐19 infection. All participants had developed antibody responses after the second dose. We observed that IgGsp antibody titers elicited by a single vaccine dose in participants with prior COVID‐19 infection were higher than after two doses of vaccine in participants without prior infection (geometric mean titer: 898 and 607 AU/ml). IgGsp antibodies, participants with prior COVID‐19 infection had higher antibody levels as geometric mean titers at all time points (p < 0.001). We also found a positive correlation between IgGsp antibody titers and neutralizing capacity (rs = 0.697, p < 0.001). Although people without prior COVID‐19 infection should complete their vaccination protocol, the adequacy of a single dose of vaccine is still in question for individuals with prior COVID‐19. New methods are needed to measure the duration of protection of vaccines and their effectiveness against variants as the world is vaccinated. We believe quantitative IgGsp values may reflect the neutralization capacity of some vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Y Yalçın
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz I Topçu
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Doğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saliha Aydın
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuran Sarı
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Erol
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep E Kuloğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem K Azap
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Can
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Arslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kremsner PG, Mann P, Kroidl A, Leroux-Roels I, Schindler C, Gabor JJ, Schunk M, Leroux-Roels G, Bosch JJ, Fendel R, Kreidenweiss A, Velavan TP, Fotin-Mleczek M, Mueller SO, Quintini G, Schönborn-Kellenberger O, Vahrenhorst D, Verstraeten T, Alves de Mesquita M, Walz L, Wolz OO, Oostvogels L. Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 : A phase 1 randomized clinical trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021; 133:931-941. [PMID: 34378087 PMCID: PMC8354521 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used the RNActive® technology platform (CureVac N.V., Tübingen, Germany) to prepare CVnCoV, a COVID-19 vaccine containing sequence-optimized mRNA coding for a stabilized form of SARS-CoV‑2 spike (S) protein encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP). METHODS This is an interim analysis of a dosage escalation phase 1 study in healthy 18-60-year-old volunteers in Hannover, Munich and Tübingen, Germany, and Ghent, Belgium. After giving 2 intramuscular doses of CVnCoV or placebo 28 days apart we assessed solicited local and systemic adverse events (AE) for 7 days and unsolicited AEs for 28 days after each vaccination. Immunogenicity was measured as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV‑2 S‑protein and receptor binding domain (RBD), and SARS-CoV‑2 neutralizing titers (MN50). RESULTS In 245 volunteers who received 2 CVnCoV vaccinations (2 μg, n = 47, 4 μg, n = 48, 6 μg, n = 46, 8 μg, n = 44, 12 μg, n = 28) or placebo (n = 32) there were no vaccine-related serious AEs. Dosage-dependent increases in frequency and severity of solicited systemic AEs, and to a lesser extent local AEs, were mainly mild or moderate and transient in duration. Dosage-dependent increases in IgG antibodies to S‑protein and RBD and MN50 were evident in all groups 2 weeks after the second dose when 100% (23/23) seroconverted to S‑protein or RBD, and 83% (19/23) seroconverted for MN50 in the 12 μg group. Responses to 12 μg were comparable to those observed in convalescent sera from known COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION In this study 2 CVnCoV doses were safe, with acceptable reactogenicity and 12 μg dosages elicited levels of immune responses that overlapped those observed in convalescent sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambarene, Lambarene, Gabon
| | - Philipp Mann
- CureVac AG, Schumannstraße 27, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Arne Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Julian J Gabor
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schunk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Rolf Fendel
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Walz
- CureVac AG, Schumannstraße 27, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
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