151
|
Hofer P, Taschler U, Schreiber R, Kotzbeck P, Schoiswohl G. The Lipolysome-A Highly Complex and Dynamic Protein Network Orchestrating Cytoplasmic Triacylglycerol Degradation. Metabolites 2020; 10:E147. [PMID: 32290093 PMCID: PMC7240967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolism of intracellular triacylglycerols (TAGs) involves the activity of cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes. Cytoplasmic TAG hydrolysis, commonly termed lipolysis, is catalyzed by the sequential action of three major hydrolases, namely adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and monoacylglycerol lipase. All three enzymes interact with numerous protein binding partners that modulate their activity, cellular localization, or stability. Deficiencies of these auxiliary proteins can lead to derangements in neutral lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the composition and the dynamics of the complex lipolytic machinery we like to call "lipolysome".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.H.); (U.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.H.); (U.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.H.); (U.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.H.); (U.T.); (R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Roque NR, Lage SL, Navarro R, Fazolini N, Maya-Monteiro CM, Rietdorf J, Melo RCN, D'Avila H, Bozza PT. Rab7 controls lipid droplet-phagosome association during mycobacterial infection. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158703. [PMID: 32229179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that have multiple roles in inflammatory and infectious diseases. LD act as essential platforms for immunometabolic regulation, including as sites for lipid storage and metabolism, inflammatory lipid mediator production, and signaling pathway compartmentalization. Accumulating evidence indicates that intracellular pathogens may exploit host LDs as source of nutrients and as part of their strategy to promote immune evasion. Notably, numerous studies have demonstrated the interaction between LDs and pathogen-containing phagosomes. However, the mechanism involved in this phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we observed LDs and PLIN2 surrounding M. bovis BCG-containing phagosomes, which included observations of a bacillus cell surrounded by lipid content inside a phagosome and LAM from mycobacteria co-localizing with LDs; these results were suggestive of exchange of contents between these compartments. By using beads coated with M.tb lipids, we demonstrated that LD-phagosome associations are regulated through the mycobacterial cell wall components LAM and PIM. In addition, we demonstrated that Rab7 and RILP, but not Rab5, localizes to LDs of infected macrophages and observed the presence of Rab7 at the site of interaction with an infected phagosome. Moreover, treatment of macrophages with the Rab7 inhibitor CID1067700 significantly inhibited the association between LDs and LAM-coated beads. Altogether, our data demonstrate that LD-phagosome interactions are controlled by mycobacterial cell wall components and Rab7, which enables the exchange of contents between LDs and phagosomes and may represent a fundamental aspect of bacterial pathogenesis and immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia R Roque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvia L Lage
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberta Navarro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Narayana Fazolini
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarissa M Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jens Rietdorf
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, CDTS, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil
| | - Heloisa D'Avila
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, MG, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Tarabra E, Nouws J, Vash-Margita A, Nadzam GS, Goldberg R, Van Name M, Pierpont B, Knight JR, Shulman GI, Caprio S. The omentum of obese girls harbors small adipocytes and browning transcripts. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135448. [PMID: 32125283 PMCID: PMC7213797 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity (SO) affects about 6% of youth in the United States, augmenting the risks for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Herein, we obtained paired omental adipose tissue (omVAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies from girls with SO undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG), to test whether differences in cellular and transcriptomic profiles between omVAT and SAT depots affect insulin sensitivity differently. Following weight loss, these analyses were repeated in a subgroup of subjects having a second SAT biopsy. We found that omVAT displayed smaller adipocytes compared with SAT, increased lipolysis through adipose triglyceride lipase phosphorylation, reduced inflammation, and increased expression of browning/beiging markers. Contrary to omVAT, SAT adipocyte diameter correlated with insulin resistance. Following SG, both weight and insulin sensitivity improved markedly in all subjects. SAT adipocytes' size became smaller, showing increased lipolysis through perilipin 1 phosphorylation, decreased inflammation, and increased expression in browning/beiging markers. In summary, in adolescent girls with SO, both omVAT and SAT depots showed distinct cellular and transcriptomic profiles. Following weight loss, the SAT depot changed its cellular morphology and transcriptomic profiles into more favorable ones. These changes in the SAT depot may play a fundamental role in the resolution of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James R Knight
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University West Campus, Orange, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
Kintscher U, Foryst-Ludwig A, Haemmerle G, Zechner R. The Role of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase and Cytosolic Lipolysis in Cardiac Function and Heart Failure. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100001. [PMID: 33205054 PMCID: PMC7659492 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. New therapeutic concepts are urgently required to lower the burden of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the two major forms of heart failure. Lipolytic processes are induced during the development of heart failure and occur in adipose tissue and multiple organs, including the heart. Increasing evidence suggests that cellular lipolysis, in particular, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity, has an important function in cardiac (patho)physiology. This review summarizes the crucial role of cellular lipolysis for normal cardiac function and for the development of HFrEF and HFpEF. We discuss the most relevant pre-clinical studies and elaborate on the cardiac consequences of non-myocardial and myocardial lipolysis modulation. Finally, we critically analyze the therapeutic importance of pharmacological ATGL inhibition as a potential treatment option for HFrEF and/or HFpEF in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kintscher
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Einstein BIH Visiting Fellow, Berlin Institute of Health, and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
|
156
|
Western diet induces severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, ductular reaction, and hepatic fibrosis in liver CGI-58 knockout mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4701. [PMID: 32170127 PMCID: PMC7070035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and rodents with Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58) mutations manifest nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we show that liver CGI-58 knockout (LivKO) mice fed a Western diet rapidly develop advanced NAFLD, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis. After 14 weeks of diet challenge, starting at 6 weeks of age, LivKO mice showed increased inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory gene expression in the liver, which was associated with elevated plasma levels of aminotransferases. Hepatic ductular reactions, pericellular fibrosis, and bridging fibrosis were observed only in the LivKO mice. Consistently, the KO mice had a significant increase in hepatic mRNAs for fibrogenic genes. In addition, LivKO mice displayed massive accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes. LDs were also observed in the cholangiocytes of the LivKO mice, but not the floxed controls. Four of the five LD coat proteins, including perilipins 2, 3, 4, and 5, were increased in the CGI-58 KO liver. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of CGI-58 in Huh7 human hepatoma cells induced LD deposition and perilipin expression, suggesting a cell autonomous effect. Our findings establish the Western diet-fed LivKO mice as an animal model of NASH and hepatic fibrosis. These animals may facilitate preclinical screening of therapeutic agents that counter against NAFLD progression.
Collapse
|
157
|
Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE, Puri V, Lee KY, Jorgensen JOL. The effects of growth hormone on adipose tissue: old observations, new mechanisms. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:135-146. [PMID: 31780780 PMCID: PMC7180987 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of growth hormone (GH) to induce adipose tissue lipolysis has been known for over five decades; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this effect and the ability of GH to inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake have scarcely been documented. In this same time frame, our understanding of adipose tissue has evolved to reveal a complex structure with distinct types of adipocyte, depot-specific differences, a biologically significant extracellular matrix and important endocrine properties mediated by adipokines. All these aforementioned features, in turn, can influence lipolysis. In this Review, we provide a historical and current overview of the lipolytic effect of GH in humans, mice and cultured cells. More globally, we explain lipolysis in terms of GH-induced intracellular signalling and its effect on obesity, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. In this regard, findings that define molecular mechanisms by which GH induces lipolysis are described. Finally, data are presented for the differential effect of GH on specific adipose tissue depots and on distinct classes of metabolically active adipocytes. Together, these cellular, animal and human studies reveal novel cellular phenotypes and molecular pathways regulating the metabolic effects of GH on adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Y Lee
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jens O L Jorgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Kulminskaya N, Oberer M. Protein-protein interactions regulate the activity of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase in intracellular lipolysis. Biochimie 2020; 169:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
159
|
Spatiotemporal contact between peroxisomes and lipid droplets regulates fasting-induced lipolysis via PEX5. Nat Commun 2020; 11:578. [PMID: 31996685 PMCID: PMC6989686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are key subcellular organelles for regulating lipid metabolism. Although several subcellular organelles participate in lipid metabolism, it remains elusive whether physical contacts between subcellular organelles and LDs might be involved in lipolysis upon nutritional deprivation. Here, we demonstrate that peroxisomes and peroxisomal protein PEX5 mediate fasting-induced lipolysis by stimulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) translocation onto LDs. During fasting, physical contacts between peroxisomes and LDs are increased by KIFC3-dependent movement of peroxisomes toward LDs, which facilitates spatial translocations of ATGL onto LDs. In addition, PEX5 could escort ATGL to contact points between peroxisomes and LDs in the presence of fasting cues. Moreover, in adipocyte-specific PEX5-knockout mice, the recruitment of ATGL onto LDs was defective and fasting-induced lipolysis is attenuated. Collectively, these data suggest that physical contacts between peroxisomes and LDs are required for spatiotemporal translocation of ATGL, which is escorted by PEX5 upon fasting, to maintain energy homeostasis. Lipid droplets are organelles that regulate lipid metabolism but if organellar contacts play a role during lipolysis is unclear. Here, the authors show that peroxisomes and peroxisomal protein PEX5 play pivotal roles in the spatial and temporal regulation of fasting-induced lipolysis by translocating ATGL onto lipid droplets
Collapse
|
160
|
Knapp M, Górski J, Lewkowicz J, Lisowska A, Gil M, Wójcik B, Hirnle T, Chabowski A, Mikłosz A. The Gene and Protein Expression of the Main Components of the Lipolytic System in Human Myocardium and Heart Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Effect of Coronary Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030737. [PMID: 31979197 PMCID: PMC7037202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the regulation of triacylglycerols (TG) metabolism in myocardium and heart perivascular adipose tissue in coronary atherosclerosis. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the major TG-hydrolase. The enzyme is activated by a protein called comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) and inhibited by a protein called G0/G1 switch protein 2 (G0S2). Samples of the right atrial appendage and perivascular adipose tissue were obtained from two groups of patients: 1—with multivessel coronary artery disease qualified for coronary artery bypass grafting (CAD), 2—patients with no atherosclerosis qualified for a valve replacement (NCAD). The mRNA and protein analysis of ATGL, HSL, CGI-58, G0S2, FABP4, FAT/CD36, LPL, β-HAD, CS, COX4/1, FAS, SREBP-1c, GPAT1, COX-2, 15-LO, and NFκβ were determined by using real-time PCR and Western Blot. The level of lipids (i.e., TG, diacylglycerol (DG), and FFA) was examined by GLC. We demonstrated that in myocardium coronary atherosclerosis increases only the transcript level of G0S2 and FABP4. Most importantly, ATGL, β-HAD, and COX4/1 protein expression was reduced and it was accompanied by over double the elevation in TG content in the CAD group. The fatty acid synthesis and their cellular uptake were stable in the myocardium of patients with CAD. Additionally, the expression of proteins contributing to inflammation was increased in the myocardium of patients with coronary stenosis. Finally, in the perivascular adipose tissue, the mRNA of G0S2 was elevated, whereas the protein content of FABP-4 was increased and for COX4/1 diminished. These data suggest that a reduction in ATGL protein expression leads to myocardial steatosis in patients with CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Jan Górski
- Department of Medical Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
| | - Janina Lewkowicz
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (J.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Anna Lisowska
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Monika Gil
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Beata Wójcik
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (B.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Tomasz Hirnle
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (J.L.); (T.H.)
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (B.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (B.W.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-746-55-85
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Argov-Argaman N, Raz C, Roth Z. Progesterone Regulation of Milk Fat Globule Size Is VLDL Dependent. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:596. [PMID: 33013694 PMCID: PMC7509472 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone plays a pivotal role during mammogenesis and serves as an inhibitor of the secretory activation of mammary cells in the last days of gestation. However, its role during lactogenesis, in particular its involvement in lipid metabolism, and milk fat content and composition, is unknown. Here, we provide new evidence of progesterone's involvement in the regulation of milk fat globule (MFG) synthesis and secretion. Findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that the concentration and the direction (increase vs. decrease) of progesterone concentration to which the mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are exposed affect MFG size. This was found to be very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) dependent: in the presence of VLDL, the proportion of MEC with small lipid droplets (<1 μm) increased 2.4-fold, and the proportion of large lipid droplets (>1 μm) increased 4-fold; in the absence of VLDL, no differences were found. The findings add to our understanding of the mechanism underlying the regulation of MFG size and provide new evidence for progesterone's role in lipid metabolism in the mammary gland during lactogenesis. The fact that the size, synthesis, and composition of MFG are affected by the cyclic pattern of progesterone concentration in the circulation might have physiologically relevant consequences, in particular on milk as a nutritional source.
Collapse
|
162
|
Zienkiewicz K, Zienkiewicz A. Degradation of Lipid Droplets in Plants and Algae-Right Time, Many Paths, One Goal. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:579019. [PMID: 33014002 PMCID: PMC7509404 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.579019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, lipids in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the major reservoir of cellular carbon and energy. These TAGs are packed into specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). They can be found in most, if not all, types of cells, from bacteria to human. Recent data suggest that rather than being simple storage organelles, LDs are very dynamic structures at the center of cellular metabolism. This is also true in plants and algae, where LDs have been implicated in many processes including energy supply; membrane structure, function, trafficking; and signal transduction. Plant and algal LDs also play a vital role in human life, providing multiple sources of food and fuel. Thus, a lot of attention has been paid to metabolism and function of these organelles in recent years. This review summarizes the most recent advances on LDs degradation as a key process for TAGs release. While the initial knowledge on this process came from studies in oilseeds, the findings of the last decade revealed high complexity and specific mechanisms of LDs degradation in plants and algae. This includes identification of numerous novel proteins associated with LDs as well as a prominent role for autophagy in this process. This review outlines, systemizes, and discusses the most current data on LDs catabolism in plants and algae.
Collapse
|
163
|
Zhao J, Wu Y, Rong X, Zheng C, Guo J. Anti-Lipolysis Induced by Insulin in Diverse Pathophysiologic Conditions of Adipose Tissue. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1575-1585. [PMID: 32494174 PMCID: PMC7227813 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s250699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important energy reservoir, adipose tissue maintains lipid balance and regulates energy metabolism. When the body requires energy, adipocytes provide fatty acids to peripheral tissues through lipolysis. Insulin plays an important role in regulating normal fatty acid levels by inhibiting lipolysis. When the morphology of adipose tissue is abnormal, its microenvironment changes and the lipid metabolic balance is disrupted, which seriously impairs insulin sensitivity. As the most sensitive organ to respond to insulin, lipolysis levels in adipose tissue are affected by impaired insulin function, which results in serious metabolic diseases. However, the specific underlying mechanisms of this process have not yet been fully elucidated, and further study is required. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of adipose tissue on the anti-lipolysis process triggered by insulin under different conditions. In particular, the functional changes of this process respond to inconsonantly morphological changes of adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - YaYun Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - XiangLu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong and Macao Regions on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - CuiWen Zheng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong and Macao Regions on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Yu L, Li Y, Grisé A, Wang H. CGI-58: Versatile Regulator of Intracellular Lipid Droplet Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1276:197-222. [PMID: 32705602 PMCID: PMC8063591 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), also known as α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5), is a member of a large family of proteins containing an α/β-hydrolase-fold. CGI-58 is well-known as the co-activator of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which is a key enzyme initiating cytosolic lipid droplet lipolysis. Mutations in either the human CGI-58 or ATGL gene cause an autosomal recessive neutral lipid storage disease, characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglyceride (TAG)-rich lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of almost all cell types. CGI-58, however, has ATGL-independent functions. Distinct phenotypes associated with CGI-58 deficiency commonly include ichthyosis (scaly dry skin), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis. Through regulated interactions with multiple protein families, CGI-58 controls many metabolic and signaling pathways, such as lipid and glucose metabolism, energy balance, insulin signaling, inflammatory responses, and thermogenesis. Recent studies have shown that CGI-58 regulates the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases in a tissue-specific manner. Future studies are needed to molecularly define ATGL-independent functions of CGI-58, including the newly identified serine protease activity of CGI-58. Elucidation of these versatile functions of CGI-58 may uncover fundamental cellular processes governing lipid and energy homeostasis, which may help develop novel approaches that counter against obesity and its associated metabolic sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison Grisé
- College of Computer, Math, and Natural Sciences, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Guo L, Kang JS, Park YH, Je BI, Lee YJ, Kang NJ, Park SY, Hwang DY, Choi YW. S-petasin inhibits lipid accumulation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:5664-5673. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
S-petasin inhibits lipid accumulation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guo
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience
- Pusan National University
- Miryang 50463
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jum Soon Kang
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience
- Pusan National University
- Miryang 50463
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Park
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience
- Pusan National University
- Miryang 50463
- Republic of Korea
| | - Beong Il Je
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience
- Pusan National University
- Miryang 50463
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience
- Pusan National University
- Miryang 50463
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Jun Kang
- Department of Horticulture
- Gyeongsang National University
- Jinju 52828
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science
- Pusan National University
- Miryang 50463
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience
- Pusan National University
- Miryang 50463
- Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Bekbulat F, Schmitt D, Feldmann A, Huesmann H, Eimer S, Juretschke T, Beli P, Behl C, Kern A. RAB18 Loss Interferes With Lipid Droplet Catabolism and Provokes Autophagy Network Adaptations. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1216-1234. [PMID: 31874152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is dependent on appropriate lipid supply for autophagosome formation. The regulation of lipid acquisition and the autophagy network response to lipid-limiting conditions are mostly elusive. Here, we show that the knockout of the RAB GTPase RAB18 interferes with lipid droplet catabolism, causing an impaired fatty acid release. The resulting reduced lipid-droplet-derived lipid availability influences autophagy and provokes adaptive modifications of the autophagy network. These adjustments include increased expression and phosphorylation of ATG2B as well as augmented formation of the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate. Moreover, ATG9A shows an enhanced phosphorylation at amino acid residues tyrosine 8 and serine 14, resulting in an increased ATG9A trafficking. Via pharmacological inhibition of Y8 phosphorylation, we demonstrate that this ATG9A modification is important to maintain basal autophagy under RAB18 knockout conditions. However, while the network adaptations are sufficient to maintain basal autophagic activity, they are incapable of ensuring autophagy induction upon starvation, which is characterized by an enhanced lipid demand. Thus, here, we define the molecular role of RAB18 in connecting lipid droplets and autophagy, emphasize the significance of lipid droplets as lipid sources for the degradative pathway, and uncover a remarkable autophagy network plasticity, including phosphorylation-dependent ATG9A activation, to compensate reduced lipid availability in order to rescue basal autophagic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazilet Bekbulat
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Feldmann
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heike Huesmann
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Juretschke
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Behl
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Kern
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) affects more than one-third of the population in the western world and an increasing number of children in the United States. It is a leading cause of obesity and liver transplantation. Mechanistic insights into the causes of FLD are urgently needed since no therapeutic intervention has proven to be effective. A sequence variation in patatin like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), rs 738409, is strongly associated with the progression of fatty liver disease. The resulting mutant causes a substitution of isoleucine to methionine at position 148. The underlying mechanism of this disease remains unsolved although several studies have illuminated key insights into its pathogenesis. This review highlights the progress in our understanding of PNPLA3 function in lipid droplet dynamics and explores possible therapeutic interventions to ameliorate this human health hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Basu Ray
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Mottillo EP, Zhang H, Yang A, Zhou L, Granneman JG. Genetically-encoded sensors to detect fatty acid production and trafficking. Mol Metab 2019; 29:55-64. [PMID: 31668392 PMCID: PMC6726923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatty acids are important for biological function; however, in excess, they can cause metabolic dysregulation. Methods to image and detect fatty acids in real time are lacking. Therefore, the current study examined the dynamics of fatty acid trafficking and signaling utilizing novel fluorescent and luminescent approaches. METHODS We generated fluorescent and luminescent-based genetically-encoded sensors based upon the ligand-dependent interaction between PPARα and SRC-1 to image and detect cellular dynamics of fatty acid trafficking. RESULTS The use of a fluorescent sensor demonstrates that fatty acids traffic rapidly from lipid droplets to the nucleus. Both major lipases ATGL and HSL contribute to fatty acid signaling from lipid droplet to nucleus, however, their dynamics differ. Furthermore, direct activation of lipolysis, independent of receptor-mediated signaling is sufficient to promote lipid droplet to nuclear trafficking of fatty acids. A luminescent-based sensor that reports intracellular fatty acid levels is amenable to high-throughput analysis. CONCLUSIONS Fatty acids traffic from lipid droplets to the nucleus within minutes of stimulated lipolysis. Genetically-encoded fluorescent and luminescent based sensors can be used to probe the dynamics of fatty acid trafficking and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio P Mottillo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Huamei Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Alexander Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Jebessa ZH, Shanmukha KD, Dewenter M, Lehmann LH, Xu C, Schreiter F, Siede D, Gong XM, Worst BC, Federico G, Sauer SW, Fischer T, Wechselberger L, Müller OJ, Sossalla S, Dieterich C, Most P, Gröne HJ, Moro C, Oberer M, Haemmerle G, Katus HA, Tyedmers J, Backs J. The lipid droplet-associated protein ABHD5 protects the heart through proteolysis of HDAC4. Nat Metab 2019; 1:1157-1167. [PMID: 31742248 PMCID: PMC6861130 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines stimulate the first step of lipolysis by PKA-dependent release of the lipid droplet-associated protein ABHD5 from perilipin to co-activate the lipase ATGL. Here, we unmask a yet unrecognized proteolytic and cardioprotective function of ABHD5. ABHD5 acts in vivo and in vitro as a serine protease cleaving HDAC4. Through the production of an N-terminal polypeptide of HDAC4 (HDAC4-NT), ABHD5 inhibits MEF2-dependent gene expression and thereby controls glucose handling. ABHD5-deficiency leads to neutral lipid storage disease in mice. Cardiac-specific gene therapy of HDAC4-NT does not protect from intra-cardiomyocyte lipid accumulation but strikingly from heart failure, thereby challenging the concept of lipotoxicity-induced heart failure. ABHD5 levels are reduced in failing human hearts and murine transgenic ABHD5 expression protects from pressure-overload induced heart failure. These findings represent a conceptual advance by connecting lipid with glucose metabolism through HDAC4 proteolysis and enable new translational approaches to treat cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zegeye H Jebessa
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kumar D Shanmukha
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Dewenter
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz H Lehmann
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friederike Schreiter
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Siede
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xue-Min Gong
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Worst
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Federico
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven W Sauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamas Fischer
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lisa Wechselberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herrmann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Pathology and Nephropathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cedric Moro
- INSERM, UMR1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hugo A Katus
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Tyedmers
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Chen L, Chen XW, Huang X, Song BL, Wang Y, Wang Y. Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in health and disease. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1420-1458. [PMID: 31686320 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and fatty acids are the major sources of energy for human body. Cholesterol, the most abundant sterol in mammals, is a key component of cell membranes although it does not generate ATP. The metabolisms of glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol are often intertwined and regulated. For example, glucose can be converted to fatty acids and cholesterol through de novo lipid biosynthesis pathways. Excessive lipids are secreted in lipoproteins or stored in lipid droplets. The metabolites of glucose and lipids are dynamically transported intercellularly and intracellularly, and then converted to other molecules in specific compartments. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism result in severe diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and fatty liver. This review summarizes the major metabolic aspects of glucose and lipid, and their regulations in the context of physiology and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yiguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Raza SHA, Khan R, Abdelnour SA, Abd El-Hack ME, Khafaga AF, Taha A, Ohran H, Mei C, Schreurs NM, Zan L. Advances of Molecular Markers and Their Application for Body Variables and Carcass Traits in Qinchuan Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E717. [PMID: 31533236 PMCID: PMC6771018 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers the unique characteristics of Chinese cattle and intramuscular fat content (IMF) as factors influencing meat quality, including tenderness, flavor, and juiciness of meat. Due to its nutritional qualities, meat contributes to a healthy and balanced diet. The intramuscular fat content and eating quality of beef are influenced by many factors, which can generally be divided into on-farm and pre-slaughter factors (breed, sex of cattle, age at slaughter, housing system, diet, and pre-slaughter handling) and postmortem factors (post-slaughter processing, chilling temperature, and packaging). Meat quality traits can also be influenced by the individual genetic background of the animal. Worldwide, the function of genes and genetic polymorphisms that have potential effects on fattening of cattle and beef quality have been investigated. The use of DNA markers is recognized as a powerful and efficient approach to achieve genetic gain for desirable phenotypic characteristics, which is helpful for economic growth. The polymorphisms of the SIRT4, SIRT6, SIRT7, CRTC3, ABHD5, KLF6, H-FABP, and ELOVL6 genes for body and growth characteristics of cattle, and also for beef quality, are considered with the aim of highlighting the significance of beef intramuscular fat content, and that growth, body, and meat quality characteristics are polygenically regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22578, Egypt.
| | - Husein Ohran
- Department of Physiology, University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty, Zmaja od Bosne Sarajevo 9071000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Chugang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Nicola M Schreurs
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Shang S, Ji X, Zhang L, Chen J, Li C, Shi R, Xiang W, Kang X, Zhang D, Yang F, Dai R, Chen P, Chen S, Chen Y, Li Y, Miao H. Macrophage ABHD5 Suppresses NFκB-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5513-5526. [PMID: 31439546 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is associated with cancer development, however, the role of macrophage triglyceride metabolism in cancer metastasis is unclear. Here, we showed that TAMs exhibited heterogeneous expression of abhydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5), an activator of triglyceride hydrolysis, with migratory TAMs expressing lower levels of ABHD5 compared with the nonmigratory TAMs. ABHD5 expression in macrophages inhibited cancer cell migration in vitro in xenograft models and in genetic cancer models. The effects of macrophage ABHD5 on cancer cell migration were dissociated from its metabolic function as neither triglycerides nor ABHD5-regulated metabolites from macrophages affected cancer cell migration. Instead, ABHD5 deficiency in migrating macrophages promoted NFκB p65-dependent production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). ABHD5 expression negatively correlated with MMP expression in TAMs and was associated with better survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Taken together, our findings show that macrophage ABHD5 suppresses NFκB-dependent MMP production and cancer metastasis and may serve as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the mechanism by which reduced expression of the metabolic enzyme ABHD5 in macrophages promotes cancer metastasis.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/21/5513/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinran Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301 Hospital), Wukesong, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Military Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongchen Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongchuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center & Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
WITHDRAWN: Functional diversity of glycerolipid acylhydrolases in plant metabolism and physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
174
|
Wang Y, Yang P, Zhang B, Ding Y, Lei S, Hou Y, Guan X, Li Q. Hepatic NPC1L1 overexpression attenuates alcoholic autophagy in mice. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3224-3232. [PMID: 31432115 PMCID: PMC6755247 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption causes liver steatosis in humans. Metabolic disorders of lipids are one of the factors that cause liver steatosis in hepatocytes. Hepatic Niemann‑Pick C1‑like 1 (NPC1L1) regulates lipid homeostasis in mammals. The relationship between NPC1L1 and autophagy in those with a history of alcohol abuse is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the function of NPC1L1 in the activation of hepatic autophagy in a mouse model with a human (h)NPC1L1 transgene under alcohol feeding conditions. The mice expressing hNPC1L1 (Ad‑L1) or controls (Ad‑null) were created by retro‑orbital adenovirus injection. The Ad‑L1 and Ad‑null mice were fed with alcohol or a non‑alcoholic diet to mimic chronic alcohol consumption in humans. Hepatic autophagy was demonstrated in isolated primary hepatocytes by monitoring autophagic vacuoles under fluorescence microscopy, and by western blotting for autophagic makers. Isolated hepatocytes from the livers of Ad‑L1 mice were treated with different doses of ezetimibe to study the restoration of autophagy. Chronic alcohol feeding caused liver injury and steatosis, shown by significantly higher levels of plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activity, and by hematoxylin and eosin staining in Ad‑L1 and Ad‑null mice. Compared to Ad‑null control mice, the microtubule‑associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3) particles in the isolated hepatocytes of Ad‑L1 mice were decreased, both under alcohol and non‑alcoholic feeding. The ratio of LC3II/LC3I was significantly decreased, and the level of p62/sequestosome‑1 protein was significantly increased in Ad‑L1 mice compared with Ad‑null mice after alcohol feeding. Levels of LC3II protein were statistically increased in hepatocytes isolated from Ad‑L1 mice with ezetimibe treatment. The increase in LC3II expression was dose dependent. Within the tested range, it reached its highest level at 40 µM. The livers of Ad‑L1 mice represent a more human‑like state for the study of hepatic autophagy. Hepatic expression of human NPC1L1 resulted in an inhibition of autophagy; it may contribute to alcoholic fatty liver disease in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Pan Yang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yao Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Shun Lei
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yuning Hou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guan
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
The biogenesis of lipid droplets: Lipids take center stage. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100989. [PMID: 31351098 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are multi-functional cellular organelles that store energy, and regulate many aspects of cell physiology. However, our understanding of the biogenesis of LDs remains very limited. Originating from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), LDs are highly unique organelles in that each LD is bounded by a monolayer of amphipathic lipids. Recent progress has unveiled critical roles of non-bilayer lipids in LD formation. For instance, non-bilayer lipids such as lysophospholipids, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid (PA) can impact the curvature, surface and line tension of the ER, thereby impacting LD biogenesis. Two well-known regulators of LD formation, FIT2/FITM2 and seipin, have both been implicated in controlling the metabolism and/or distribution of non-bilayer lipids. We summarize and integrate these recent advances and propose that non-bilayer lipids may play a critical role in each step of LD biogenesis.
Collapse
|
176
|
VandeKopple MJ, Wu J, Auer EN, Giaccia AJ, Denko NC, Papandreou I. HILPDA Regulates Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Droplet Abundance, and Response to Microenvironmental Stress in Solid Tumors. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2089-2101. [PMID: 31308147 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of lipid droplets has been observed in an increasing range of tumors. However, the molecular determinants of this phenotype and the impact of the tumor microenvironment on lipid droplet dynamics are not well defined. The hypoxia-inducible and lipid droplet associated protein HILPDA is known to regulate lipid storage and physiologic responses to feeding conditions in mice, and was recently shown to promote hypoxic lipid droplet formation through inhibition of the rate-limiting lipase adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Here, we identify fatty acid loading and nutrient deprivation-induced autophagy as stimuli of HILPDA-dependent lipid droplet growth. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human tumor cells, we found that genetic ablation of HILPDA compromised hypoxia-fatty acid- and starvation-induced lipid droplet formation and triglyceride storage. Nutrient deprivation upregulated HILPDA protein posttranscriptionally by a mechanism requiring autophagic flux and lipid droplet turnover, independent of HIF1 transactivation. Mechanistically, loss of HILPDA led to elevated lipolysis, which could be corrected by inhibition of ATGL. Lipidomic analysis revealed not only quantitative but also qualitative differences in the glycerolipid and phospholipid profile of HILPDA wild-type and knockout cells, indicating additional HILPDA functions affecting lipid metabolism. Deletion studies of HILPDA mutants identified the N-terminal hydrophobic domain as sufficient for targeting to lipid droplets and restoration of triglyceride storage. In vivo, HILPDA-ablated cells showed decreased intratumoral triglyceride levels and impaired xenograft tumor growth associated with elevated levels of apoptosis. IMPLICATIONS: Tumor microenvironmental stresses induce changes in lipid droplet dynamics via HILPDA. Regulation of triglyceride hydrolysis is crucial for cell homeostasis and tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J VandeKopple
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jinghai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erich N Auer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nicholas C Denko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ioanna Papandreou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Janah L, Kjeldsen S, Galsgaard KD, Winther-Sørensen M, Stojanovska E, Pedersen J, Knop FK, Holst JJ, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ. Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3314. [PMID: 31284506 PMCID: PMC6651628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundred years after the discovery of glucagon, its biology remains enigmatic. Accurate measurement of glucagon has been essential for uncovering its pathological hypersecretion that underlies various metabolic diseases including not only diabetes and liver diseases but also cancers (glucagonomas). The suggested key role of glucagon in the development of diabetes has been termed the bihormonal hypothesis. However, studying tissue-specific knockout of the glucagon receptor has revealed that the physiological role of glucagon may extend beyond blood-glucose regulation. Decades ago, animal and human studies reported an important role of glucagon in amino acid metabolism through ureagenesis. Using modern technologies such as metabolomic profiling, knowledge about the effects of glucagon on amino acid metabolism has been expanded and the mechanisms involved further delineated. Glucagon receptor antagonists have indirectly put focus on glucagon's potential role in lipid metabolism, as individuals treated with these antagonists showed dyslipidemia and increased hepatic fat. One emerging field in glucagon biology now seems to include the concept of hepatic glucagon resistance. Here, we discuss the roles of glucagon in glucose homeostasis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism and present speculations on the molecular pathways causing and associating with postulated hepatic glucagon resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Janah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sasha Kjeldsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine D Galsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Winther-Sørensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Stojanovska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital Hillerød, University of Copenhagen, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Hehlert P, Hofferek V, Heier C, Eichmann TO, Riedel D, Rosenberg J, Takaćs A, Nagy HM, Oberer M, Zimmermann R, Kühnlein RP. The α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 4- and 5-related phospholipase Pummelig controls energy storage in Drosophila. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1365-1378. [PMID: 31164391 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides (TGs) are the main energy storage form that accommodates changing organismal energy demands. In Drosophila melanogaster, the TG lipase Brummer is centrally important for body fat mobilization. Its gene brummer (bmm) encodes the ortholog of mammalian adipose TG lipase, which becomes activated by α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5/CGI-58), one member of the paralogous gene pair, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 4 (ABHD4) and ABHD5 In Drosophila, the pummelig (puml) gene encodes the single sequence-related protein to mammalian ABHD4/ABHD5 with unknown function. We generated puml deletion mutant flies, that were short-lived as a result of lipid metabolism changes, stored excess body fat at the expense of glycogen, and exhibited ectopic fat storage with altered TG FA profile in the fly kidneys, called Malpighian tubules. TG accumulation in puml mutants was not associated with increased food intake but with elevated lipogenesis; starvation-induced lipid mobilization remained functional. Despite its structural similarity to mammalian ABHD5, Puml did not stimulate TG lipase activity of Bmm in vitro. Rather, Puml acted as a phospholipase that localized on lipid droplets, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Together, these results show that the ABHD4/5 family member Puml is a versatile phospholipase that regulates Drosophila body fat storage and energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hehlert
- Research Group Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Department of Structural Dynamics, Electron Microscopy, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rosenberg
- Research Group Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Takaćs
- Research Group Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harald M Nagy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald P Kühnlein
- Research Group Molecular Physiology Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Wang Y, Kory N, BasuRay S, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH. PNPLA3, CGI-58, and Inhibition of Hepatic Triglyceride Hydrolysis in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 69:2427-2441. [PMID: 30802989 PMCID: PMC6563103 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A variant (148M) in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) is a major risk factor for fatty liver disease. Despite its clinical importance, the pathogenic mechanism linking the variant to liver disease remains poorly defined. Previously, we showed that PNPLA3(148M) accumulates to high levels on hepatic lipid droplets (LDs). Here we examined the effect of that accumulation on triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the major lipase in the liver. As expected, overexpression of ATGL in cultured hepatoma (HuH-7) cells depleted the cells of LDs, but unexpectedly, co-expression of PNPLA3(wild type [WT] or 148M) with ATGL inhibited that depletion. The inhibitory effect of PNPLA3 was not caused by the displacement of ATGL from LDs. We tested the hypothesis that PNPLA3 interferes with ATGL activity by interacting with its cofactor, comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58). Evidence supporting such an interaction came from two findings. First, co-expression of PNPLA3 and CGI-58 resulted in LD depletion in cultured cells, but expression of PNPLA3 alone did not. Second, PNPLA3 failed to localize to hepatic LDs in liver-specific Cgi-58 knockout (KO) mice. Moreover, overexpression of PNPLA3(148M) increased hepatic TG levels in WT, but not in Cgi-58 KO mice. Thus, the pro-steatotic effects of PNPLA3 required the presence of CGI-58. Co-immunoprecipitation and pulldown experiments in livers of mice and in vitro using purified proteins provided evidence that PNPLA3 and CGI-58 can interact directly. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings are consistent with a model in which PNPLA3(148M) promotes steatosis by CGI-58-dependent inhibition of ATGL on LDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Nora Kory
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Soumik BasuRay
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Jonathan C. Cohen
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX,The Center for Human NutritionUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas TX
| | - Helen H. Hobbs
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX,Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX,Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Nobusawa T, Yamakawa-Ayukawa K, Saito F, Nomura S, Takami A, Ohta H. A homolog of Arabidopsis SDP1 lipase in Nannochloropsis is involved in degradation of de novo-synthesized triacylglycerols in the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1185-1193. [PMID: 31152796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Organisms of the microalgal genus Nannochloropsis produce high levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs), an efficient raw material for biofuels. A complete understanding of the TAG-breakdown pathway is critical for improving the productivity of TAGs to meet future needs. Among a number of lipases annotated as TAG lipase in the genomes of every organism, Arabidopsis SUGAR-DEPENDENT 1 (AtSDP1) lipases are characterized as a type of crucial TAG lipase in plants, similar to ScTgl3-5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Homologs of the AtSDP1 TAG lipases are universally found in the genomes of plants, fungi, and algae. Here we identified two homologs of AtSDP1 TAG lipases in the oleaginous microalga species Nannochloropsis oceanica, NoTGL1 and NoTGL2. We generated single- and double-knockout strains for these lipases by homologous recombination. Whereas overall TAG content in the NoTGL2 single-knockout mutant was identical to that of wild type, the NoTGL1 knockout showed a two-fold increase in TAG content per cell in early log phase under nutrient-sufficient conditions without affecting growth. Homologs of AtSDP1 in S. cerevisiae are localized to the surface of lipid droplets, and AtSDP1 is transported from peroxisomes to the surface of lipid droplets. In contrast, NoTGL1 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in both Nannochloropsis and yeast. We suggest that homologs of AtSDP1 lipases in Nannochloropsis modulate de novo TAG biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, unlike the roles of these lipases in other organisms. These results provide important insights into the mechanisms of TAG metabolism catalyzed by homologs of AtSDP1 lipase, which are highly conserved across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nobusawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-3, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamakawa-Ayukawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Saito
- Technical Research Center, Mazda Motor Corporation, 3-1, Shinchi, Fuchu-cho, Aki-gun, Hiroshima, 730-8670, Japan
| | - Seiji Nomura
- Technical Research Center, Mazda Motor Corporation, 3-1, Shinchi, Fuchu-cho, Aki-gun, Hiroshima, 730-8670, Japan
| | - Akihide Takami
- Technical Research Center, Mazda Motor Corporation, 3-1, Shinchi, Fuchu-cho, Aki-gun, Hiroshima, 730-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-65 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Assessment of the Main Compounds of the Lipolytic System in Treadmill Running Rats: Different Response Patterns between the Right and Left Ventricle. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102556. [PMID: 31137663 PMCID: PMC6566686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the time and intensity dependent effects of exercise on the heart components of the lipolytic complex. Wistar rats ran on a treadmill with the speed of 18 m/min for 30 min (M30) or 120 min (M120) or with the speed of 28 m/min for 30 min (F30). The mRNA and protein expressions of the compounds adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58), G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) were examined by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Lipid content of free fatty acids (FFA), diacylglycerols (DG) and triacylglycerols (TG) were estimated by gas liquid chromatography. We observed virtually no changes in the left ventricle lipid contents and only minor fluctuations in its ATGL mRNA levels. This was in contrast with its right counterpart i.e., the content of TG and DG decreased in response to both increased duration and intensity of a run. This occurred in tandem with increased mRNA expression for ATGL, CGI-58 and decreased expression of G0S2. It is concluded that exercise affects behavior of the components of the lipolytic system and the lipid content in the heart ventricles. However, changes observed in the left ventricle did not mirror those in the right one.
Collapse
|
182
|
Louhichi N, Bahloul E, Marrakchi S, Othman HB, Triki C, Aloulou K, Trabelsi L, Mahfouth N, Ayadi-Mnif Z, Keskes L, Fakhfakh F, Turki H. Thyroid involvement in Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome in adults in the largest series of patients carrying the same founder mutation in ABHD5 gene. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:112. [PMID: 31118107 PMCID: PMC6529994 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS) is a rare syndromic disease related to an accumulation of triacylglycerol in most organs. The aim of our study was to investigate various organs in a large series of CDS patients. Results We report for the first time thyroid function impairment in CDS. Among 12 investigated patients, 7 showed thyroid function impairment. All of them were over 30 of age. The 5 remaining investigated patients with normal thyroid function were under 30. Thyroid loss of function is an unknown clinical feature of CDS that could gradually develop with age. Thyroid ultrasound showed an abnormal aspect in all investigated patients (6 with thyroid impairment and 3 with normal thyroid function). Cervical MRI done in 2 patients with thyroid impairment showed fat infiltration of thyroid parenchyma. Audiogram carried out in 8 of our patients showed sensorineural hearing impairment in all patients, although only 2 patients suffered from clinical hypoacusia. We also demonstrated that kidney could be a more commonly involved organ than previously reported in the literature. A poorly differentiated kidney parenchyma is a common feature in our series. One patient showed cerebellar atrophy and T2 hypersignal of brain’s white matter in MRI. All patients carried the same founder mutation c.773(− 1)G > A in the ABDH5 gene. Discussion Aside from the congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, the most common symptom of CDS, in addition to other organs involvement frequently reported in the literature, we described thyroid dysfunction, an unreported feature, probably related to the lipid infiltration of the thyroid parenchyma. The association found between age and hypothyroidism in CDS patients could explain the gradually development of thyroid disease with age. Conclusion We reported a thyroid dysfunction and unreported ultrasonographic aspects of kidneys and cerebral MRI in CDS patients. Methods We performed clinical analyses in 15 patients in whom thyroid, liver, ocular, kidney, skeletal muscle and neurological involvement were explored. Genetic and molecular explorations were performed by direct sequence analysis. Software SPSS, Fisher’s exact test and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-1095-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nacim Louhichi
- Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Emna Bahloul
- Department of Dermatology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Houda Ben Othman
- Department of Neuropediatric, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chahnez Triki
- Department of Neuropediatric, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kawthar Aloulou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Intermédiare, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Trabelsi
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre Intermédiare, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Mahfouth
- Department of Immunology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Leila Keskes
- Human Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamida Turki
- Department of Dermatology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Functional diversity of glycerolipid acylhydrolases in plant metabolism and physiology. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100987. [PMID: 31078649 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most current knowledge about plant lipid metabolism has focused on the biosynthesis of lipids and their transport between different organelles. However, lipid composition changes during development and in response to environmental cues often go beyond adjustments of lipid biosynthesis. When lipids have to be removed to adjust the extent of membranes during down regulation of photosynthesis, or lipid composition has to be adjusted to alter the biophysical properties of membranes, or lipid derived chemical signals have to be produced, lipid-degrading enzymes come into play. This review focuses on glycerolipid acylhydrolases that remove acyl groups from glycerolipids and will highlight their roles in lipid remodeling and lipid-derived signal generation. One emerging theme is that these enzymes are involved in the dynamic movement of acyl groups through different lipid pools, for example from polar membrane lipids to neutral lipids sequestered in lipid droplets during de novo triacylglycerol synthesis. Another example of acyl group sequestration in the form of triacylglycerols in lipid droplets is membrane lipid remodeling in response to abiotic stresses. Fatty acids released for membrane lipids can also give rise to potent signaling molecules and acylhydrolases are therefore often the first step in initiating the formation of these lipid signals.
Collapse
|
184
|
Yang A, Mottillo EP, Mladenovic-Lucas L, Zhou L, Granneman JG. Dynamic interactions of ABHD5 with PNPLA3 regulate triacylglycerol metabolism in brown adipocytes. Nat Metab 2019; 1:560-569. [PMID: 31497752 PMCID: PMC6730670 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain Containing 2 (PNPLA2)/Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) and PNPLA3/Adiponutrin are close paralogs that appear to have opposite functions on triacylglycerol (TAG) mobilization and storage. PNPLA2/ATGL is a major triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue and liver, whereas a common human variant of PNPLA3, I148M, greatly increases risk of hepatosteatosis. Nonetheless, the function of PNPLA3 and the mechanism by which the I148M variant promotes TAG accumulation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that PNPLA3 strongly interacts with α/β hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5/CGI-58), an essential co-activator of PNPLA2/ATGL. Molecular imaging experiments demonstrate that PNPLA3 effectively competes with PNPLA2/ATGL for ABHD5, and that PNPLA3 I148M is more effective in this regard. Inducible overexpression of PNPLA3 I148M greatly suppressed PNPLA2/ATGL-dependent lipolysis and triggered massive TAG accumulation in brown adipocytes, and these effects were dependent on ABHD5. The interaction of PNPLA3 and ABHD5 can be regulated by fatty acid supplementation and synthetic ABHD5 ligands, raising the possibility that this interaction might be targeted for treatment of fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
- Co-first authors
| | - Emilio P. Mottillo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
- Co-first authors
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to E.P.M. or J.G.G. (J.G.G.), (E.P.M.)
| | - Ljiljana Mladenovic-Lucas
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
| | - James G. Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA 48201
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to E.P.M. or J.G.G. (J.G.G.), (E.P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Romeo
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Zhang X, Xie X, Heckmann BL, Saarinen AM, Gu H, Zechner R, Liu J. Identification of an intrinsic lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity in the lipolytic inhibitor G 0/G 1 switch gene 2 (G0S2). FASEB J 2019; 33:6655-6666. [PMID: 30802154 PMCID: PMC6463910 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802502r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) is a specific inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme for intracellular lipolysis. Recent studies show that G0S2 plays a critical role in promoting triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation in the liver, and its encoding gene is a direct target of a major lipogenic transcription factor liver X receptor (LXR)α. Here we sought to investigate a lipolysis-independent role of G0S2 in hepatic triglyceride synthesis. Knockdown of G0S2 decreased hepatic TG content in mice with ATGL ablation. Conversely, overexpression of G0S2 promoted fatty acid incorporation into TGs and diacylglycerols in both wild-type and ATGL-deficient hepatocytes. Biochemical characterization showed that G0S2 mediates phosphatidic acid synthesis from lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and acyl-coenzyme A. In response to a high-sucrose lipogenic diet, G0S2 is up-regulated via LXRα and required for the increased TG accumulation in liver. Furthermore, deletion of a distinct 4-aa motif necessary for the LPA-specific acyltransferase (LPAAT) activity impaired G0S2's ability to mediate TG synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. These studies identify G0S2 as a dual-function regulator of lipid metabolism as well as a novel mechanism whereby hepatic TG storage is promoted in response to lipogenic stimulation. In addition to its role as a lipolytic inhibitor, G0S2 is capable of directly promoting TG synthesis by acting as a lipid-synthesizing enzyme.-Zhang, X., Xie, X., Heckmann, B. L., Saarinen, A. M., Gu, H., Zechner, R., Liu, J. Identification of an intrinsic lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity in the lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xitao Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Bradlee L. Heckmann
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alicia M. Saarinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;,Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Correspondence: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Guggenheim Building 14-05, 222 3rd Ave. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Haemmerle G, Lass A. Genetically modified mouse models to study hepatic neutral lipid mobilization. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:879-894. [PMID: 29883718 PMCID: PMC6887554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of triacylglycerol is the common denominator of a wide range of clinical pathologies of liver diseases, termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Such excessive triacylglycerol deposition in the liver is also referred to as hepatic steatosis. Although liver steatosis often resolves over time, it eventually progresses to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, with associated complications, including liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimately death of affected individuals. From the disease etiology it is obvious that a tight regulation between lipid uptake, triacylglycerol synthesis, hydrolysis, secretion and fatty acid oxidation is required to prevent triacylglycerol deposition in the liver. In addition to triacylglycerol, also a tight control of other neutral lipid ester classes, i.e. cholesteryl esters and retinyl esters, is crucial for the maintenance of a healthy liver. Excessive cholesteryl ester accumulation is a hallmark of cholesteryl ester storage disease or Wolman disease, which is associated with premature death. The loss of hepatic vitamin A stores (retinyl ester stores of hepatic stellate cells) is incidental to the onset of liver fibrosis. Importantly, this more advanced stage of liver disease usually does not resolve but progresses to life threatening stages, i.e. liver cirrhosis and cancer. Therefore, understanding the enzymes and pathways that mobilize hepatic neutral lipid esters is crucial for the development of strategies and therapies to ameliorate pathophysiological conditions associated with derangements of hepatic neutral lipid ester stores, including liver steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. This review highlights the physiological roles of enzymes governing the mobilization of neutral lipid esters at different sites in liver cells, including cytosolic lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Molecular Basis of Disease: Animal models in liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Hansen SL, Svendsen PF, Jeppesen JF, Hoeg LD, Andersen NR, Kristensen JM, Nilas L, Lundsgaard AM, Wojtaszewski JFP, Madsbad S, Kiens B. Molecular Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle Underlying Insulin Resistance in Women Who Are Lean With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1841-1854. [PMID: 30544235 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Skeletal muscle molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To provide insight into mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle insulin resistance in women who are lean with PCOS. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with skeletal muscle biopsies was performed. Thirteen women who are lean who have hyperandrogenism and PCOS and seven age- and body mass index-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. Skeletal muscle protein expression and phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blotting and intramuscular lipid content was measured by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS Women with PCOS had 25% lower whole-body insulin sensitivity and 40% lower plasma adiponectin concentration than in control subjects. Intramuscular triacylglycerol, sn-1.3 diacylglycerol, and ceramide contents in skeletal muscle were higher (40%, 50%, and 300%, respectively) in women with PCOS than in control subjects. Activation of insulin signaling did not differ between groups. In women with PCOS, the insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was reduced and insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) Ser293 was absent. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 protein expression and basal Thr172 phosphorylation were 45% and 50% lower in women with PCOS than in control subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Whole-body insulin resistance in women who are lean who have hyperandrogenism and PCOS was not related to changes in the proximal part of the insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle despite lipid accumulation. Rather, reduced insulin sensitivity was potentially related to plasma adiponectin levels playing a modulating role in human skeletal muscle via AMPK. Furthermore, abnormal PDH regulation may contribute to reduced whole-body metabolic flexibility and thereby insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solvejg L Hansen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille F Svendsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jacob F Jeppesen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise D Hoeg
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R Andersen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Nilas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Galsgaard KD, Pedersen J, Knop FK, Holst JJ, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ. Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Lipid Metabolism. Front Physiol 2019; 10:413. [PMID: 31068828 PMCID: PMC6491692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon is secreted from the pancreatic alpha cells upon hypoglycemia and stimulates hepatic glucose production. Type 2 diabetes is associated with dysregulated glucagon secretion, and increased glucagon concentrations contribute to the diabetic hyperglycemia. Antagonists of the glucagon receptor have been considered as glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes patients, but their clinical applicability has been questioned because of reports of therapy-induced increments in liver fat content and increased plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein. Conversely, in animal models, increased glucagon receptor signaling has been linked to improved lipid metabolism. Glucagon acts primarily on the liver and by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism glucagon may reduce hepatic lipid accumulation and decrease hepatic lipid secretion. Regarding whole-body lipid metabolism, it is controversial to what extent glucagon influences lipolysis in adipose tissue, particularly in humans. Glucagon receptor agonists combined with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (dual agonists) improve dyslipidemia and reduce hepatic steatosis. Collectively, emerging data support an essential role of glucagon for lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine D Galsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands Hospital Hillerød, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Latour YL, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. The role of polyamines in the regulation of macrophage polarization and function. Amino Acids 2019; 52:151-160. [PMID: 31016375 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring polyamines are ubiquitously distributed and play important roles in cell development, amino acid and protein synthesis, oxidative DNA damage, proliferation, and cellular differentiation. Macrophages are essential in the innate immune response, and contribute to tissue remodeling. Naïve macrophages have two major potential fates: polarization to (1) the classical pro-inflammatory M1 defense response to bacterial pathogens and tumor cells, and (2) the alternatively activated M2 response, induced in the presence of parasites and wounding, and also implicated in the development of tumor-associated macrophages. ODC, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, leads to an increase in putrescine levels, which impairs M1 gene transcription. Additionally, spermidine and spermine can regulate translation of pro-inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages. In this review, we focus on polyamines in macrophage activation patterns in the context of gastrointestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. We seek to clarify mechanisms of innate immune regulation by polyamine metabolism and potential novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Latour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Room 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Room 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Room 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA. .,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Angelini C, Pennisi E, Missaglia S, Tavian D. Metabolic lipid muscle disorders: biomarkers and treatment. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419843359. [PMID: 31040882 PMCID: PMC6477769 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419843359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid storage myopathies (LSMs) are metabolic disorders of the utilization of fat in muscles due to several different defects. In this review, a molecular update of LSMs is presented and recent attempts of finding treatment options are discussed. The main topics discussed are: primary carnitine deficiency, riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, neutral lipid storage disorders and carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency. The most frequent presentations and genetic abnormalities are summarized. We present their diagnosis utilizing biomedical and morphological biomarkers and possible therapeutic interventions. The treatment of these metabolic disorders is a subject of active translational research but appears, in some cases, still elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Angelini
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS, Via Alberoni 70, Venezia 30126, Italia
| | - Elena Pennisi
- Division of Neurology, S Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Missaglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Tavian
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
McConn BR, Koskinen A, Denbow DM, Gilbert ER, Siegel PB, Cline MA. Central injection of oxytocin reduces food intake and affects hypothalamic and adipose tissue gene expression in chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 67:11-20. [PMID: 30660023 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a well-characterized neurotransmitter that participates in a wide range of physiological processes including the inhibition of food intake. The avian ortholog, mesotocin (MT), differs from OT by a single amino acid. Little is known regarding the function of OT in regulating energy balance in birds; thus, this study was designed to determine the effects of central OT injection on food intake and adipose tissue physiology in chicks. At 4-d post-hatch, broiler chicks were fasted for 3 h and injected intracerebroventricularly with 0 (vehicle), 0.63, 2.5, 5.0, or 10 nmol OT. Oxytocin decreased food and water intake during the entire 180-min observation period. The reduction in water intake was likely not prandial because chicks that were food restricted after OT injection also drank less. There was increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in several appetite-associated hypothalamic nuclei in OT-injected chicks at 1 h, including the arcuate (ARC), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), lateral hypothalamus (LH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). OT treatment was associated with reduced hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA and increased cloacal temperature at 1 h post-injection. We then investigated appetite- and adipose tissue-associated effects of OT in chicks from lines that have undergone long-term selection for either low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight. Central injection of OT decreased food intake in both lines with the magnitude of response greater in the HWS than LWS chicks. Adipose tissue abundance of fatty acid-binding protein 4, monoglyceride lipase (MGLL), MT, and perilipin-1 mRNA was greater in LWS than HWS chicks. Lipoprotein lipase, MGLL, and MT mRNAs increased in response to OT injection in LWS but not HWS chicks. In conclusion, central injection of OT induced anorexia, reduced water intake, increased body temperature, and was associated with activation of the ARC, DMN, LH, PVN, and VMH in the hypothalamus. The effects on appetite and body temperature may involve CRF signaling in the hypothalamus and lipolysis in the adipose tissue, respectively. There were differences in the appetite, and adipose tissue response to OT in body weight-selected lines of chicks supports that MT plays a role in energy balance regulation in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betty R McConn
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Anna Koskinen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - D Michael Denbow
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Paul B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Zhou Q, Wang F, Zhou K, Huang K, Zhu Q, Luo X, Yu J, Shi Z. Oncogenic role of ABHD5 in endometrial cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2139-2150. [PMID: 30936746 PMCID: PMC6421882 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s188648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abhydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal and prostate cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of ABHD5 in endometrial cancer. Materials and methods ABHD5 expression was detected in clinical samples by immunohistochemical staining. Cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated with the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assay, respectively. Western blotting was performed to analyze protein expression. Glucose uptake was assessed by 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose. Lactate production was detected by a lactate assay kit. Results In the present study, ABHD5 was overexpressed in endometrial cancer tissues, and its expression was closely correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and lymph node metastasis. In addition, we observed that the knockdown of ABHD5 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, glucose uptake and lactate production in HEC-1A cells, which expressed high levels of ABHD5. Conversely, the opposite effects were observed when ABHD5 was ectopically expressed in Ishikawa cells, which had low levels of ABHD5. Furthermore, the changes in glycolysis regulators (enolase 1 [ENO1], glucose transporter 1 [GLUT1] and lactate dehydrogenase A [LDHA]) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related proteins (E-cadherin and Snail) in HEC-1A cells with ABHD5 knockdown were consistent with the effects of ABHD5 on glycolysis and cell invasion. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was increased, while the phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) was decreased when ABHD5 was downregulated. Notably, treatment with the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK-2206 completely abolished the effects caused by ABHD5 overexpression in Ishikawa cells. Finally, ABHD5 knockdown potently suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Overall, these results suggest that ABHD5 may play an oncogenic role in endometrial cancer via the AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, ; .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, ;
| | - Kate Huang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyuan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, ;
| | - Xishao Luo
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, ;
| | - Jiangtao Yu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, ;
| | - Zhengzheng Shi
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China, ;
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Xu J, Gu W, Ji K, Xu Z, Zhu H, Zheng W. Sequence analysis and structure prediction of ABHD16A and the roles of the ABHD family members in human disease. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180017. [PMID: 29794032 PMCID: PMC5990648 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abhydrolase domain containing 16A (ABHD16A) is a member of the α/β hydrolase domain-containing (ABHD) protein family and is expressed in a variety of animal cells. Studies have shown that ABHD16A has acylglycerol lipase and phosphatidylserine lipase activities. Its gene location in the main histocompatibility complex (MHC) III gene cluster suggests that this protein may participate in the immunomodulation of the body. The results of studies investigating nearly 20 species of ABHDs reveal that the ABHD proteins are key factors in metabolic regulation and disease occurrence and development. In this paper, we summarize the related progress regarding the function of ABHD16A and other ABHD proteins. A prediction of the active sites and structural domains of ABHD16A and an analysis of the amino acid sites are included. Moreover, we analysed the amino acid sequences of the ABHD16A molecules in different species and provide an overview of the related functions and diseases associated with these proteins. The functions and diseases related to ABHD are systematically summarized and highlighted. Future research directions for studies investigating the functions and mechanisms of these proteins are also suggested. Further studies investigating the function of ABHD proteins may further confirm their positions as important determinants of lipid metabolism and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.,Henan Business Research Institute Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou, He'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Vieyres G, Pietschmann T. HCV Pit Stop at the Lipid Droplet: Refuel Lipids and Put on a Lipoprotein Coat before Exit. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030233. [PMID: 30871009 PMCID: PMC6468556 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication cycle of the liver-tropic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is tightly connected to the host lipid metabolism, during the virus entry, replication, assembly and egress stages, but also while the virus circulates in the bloodstream. This interplay coins viral particle properties, governs viral cell tropism, and facilitates immune evasion. This review summarizes our knowledge of these interactions focusing on the late steps of the virus replication cycle. It builds on our understanding of the cell biology of lipid droplets and the biosynthesis of liver lipoproteins and attempts to explain how HCV hijacks these organelles and pathways to assemble its lipo-viro-particles. In particular, this review describes (i) the mechanisms of viral protein translocation to and from the lipid droplet surface and the orchestration of an interface between replication and assembly complexes, (ii) the importance of the triglyceride mobilization from the lipid droplets for HCV assembly, (iii) the interplay between HCV and the lipoprotein synthesis pathway including the role played by apolipoproteins in virion assembly, and finally (iv) the consequences of these complex virus–host interactions on the virion composition and its biophysical properties. The wealth of data accumulated in the past years on the role of the lipid metabolism in HCV assembly and its imprint on the virion properties will guide vaccine design efforts and reinforce our understanding of the hepatic lipid metabolism in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Wang X, Khan R, Raza SHA, Li A, Zhang Y, Liang C, Yang W, Wu S, Zan L. Molecular characterization of ABHD5 gene promoter in intramuscular preadipocytes of Qinchuan cattle: Roles of Evi1 and C/EBPα. Gene 2019; 690:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
197
|
Vackova E, Bosnakovski D, Bjørndal B, Yonkova P, Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Penchev G, Simeonova G, Miteva L, Milanova A, Vachkova T, Stanilova S, Penchev Georgiev I. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids provoke a specific transcriptional profile in rabbit adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:925-934. [PMID: 30816602 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) possess multipotent properties, and their proper functionality is essential for further development of metabolic disorders. In the current study, we explored the impact of two n-3 LC-PUFAs (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA-docosahexaenoic; C22:6, and EPA-eicosapentaenoic; C20:5) on a specific profile of lipolytic-related gene expressions in the in vitro-differentiated subcutaneous and visceral ADSCs from rabbits. The subcutaneous and visceral ADSCs were obtained from 28-day-old New Zealand rabbits. The primary cells were cultured up to passage 4 and were induced for adipogenic differentiation. Thereafter, the differentiated cells were treated with 100 µg EPA or DHA for 48 hr. The total mRNA was isolated and target genes expression evaluated by real-time RCR. The results demonstrated that treatment of rabbit ADSCs with n-3 PUFAs significantly enhanced mRNA expression of Perilipin A, while the upregulation of leptin and Rab18 genes was seen mainly in ADSCs from visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, the EPA significantly enhanced PEDF (Pigment Derived Epithelium Factor) mRNA expression only in visceral cells. Collectively, the results suggest activation of an additional lipolysis pathway most evident in visceral cells. The data obtained in our study indicate that in vitro EPA up-regulates the mRNA expression of the studied lipolysis-associated genes stronger than DHA mainly in visceral rabbit ADSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eкaterina Vackova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Darko Bosnakovski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delčev- Štip, Shtip, Macedonia
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Penka Yonkova
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Grigorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Zhenya Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Penchev
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Simeonova
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Lyuba Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Anelya Milanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Tatyana Vachkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Penchev Georgiev
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Vanhercke T, Dyer JM, Mullen RT, Kilaru A, Rahman MM, Petrie JR, Green AG, Yurchenko O, Singh SP. Metabolic engineering for enhanced oil in biomass. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:103-129. [PMID: 30822461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is hungry for energy. Plant oils in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) are one of the most reduced storage forms of carbon found in nature and hence represent an excellent source of energy. The myriad of applications for plant oils range across foods, feeds, biofuels, and chemical feedstocks as a unique substitute for petroleum derivatives. Traditionally, plant oils are sourced either from oilseeds or tissues surrounding the seed (mesocarp). Most vegetative tissues, such as leaves and stems, however, accumulate relatively low levels of TAG. Since non-seed tissues constitute the majority of the plant biomass, metabolic engineering to improve their low-intrinsic TAG-biosynthetic capacity has recently attracted significant attention as a novel, sustainable and potentially high-yielding oil production platform. While initial attempts predominantly targeted single genes, recent combinatorial metabolic engineering strategies have focused on the simultaneous optimization of oil synthesis, packaging and degradation pathways (i.e., 'push, pull, package and protect'). This holistic approach has resulted in dramatic, seed-like TAG levels in vegetative tissues. With the first proof of concept hurdle addressed, new challenges and opportunities emerge, including engineering fatty acid profile, translation into agronomic crops, extraction, and downstream processing to deliver accessible and sustainable bioenergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vanhercke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - John M Dyer
- USDA-ARS, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - James R Petrie
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Folear, Goulburn, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan G Green
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Olga Yurchenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Surinder P Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Neutral Lipid Storage Diseases as Cellular Model to Study Lipid Droplet Function. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020187. [PMID: 30795549 PMCID: PMC6406896 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM) and with ichthyosis (NLSDI) are rare autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in the PNPLA2 and in the ABHD5/CGI58 genes, respectively. These genes encode the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and α-β hydrolase domain 5 (ABHD5) proteins, which play key roles in the function of lipid droplets (LDs). LDs, the main cellular storage sites of triacylglycerols and sterol esters, are highly dynamic organelles. Indeed, LDs are critical for both lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Partial or total PNPLA2 or ABHD5/CGI58 knockdown is characteristic of the cells of NLSD patients; thus, these cells are natural models with which one can unravel LD function. In this review we firstly summarize genetic and clinical data collected from NLSD patients, focusing particularly on muscle, skin, heart, and liver damage due to impaired LD function. Then, we discuss how NLSD cells were used to investigate and expand the current structural and functional knowledge of LDs.
Collapse
|
200
|
Lund J, Helle SA, Li Y, Løvsletten NG, Stadheim HK, Jensen J, Kase ET, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC. Higher lipid turnover and oxidation in cultured human myotubes from athletic versus sedentary young male subjects. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17549. [PMID: 30510272 PMCID: PMC6277406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared fatty acid (FA) metabolism in myotubes established from athletic and sedentary young subjects. Six healthy sedentary (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) ≤ 46 ml/kg/min) and six healthy athletic (VO2max > 60 ml/kg/min) young men were included. Myoblasts were cultured and differentiated to myotubes from satellite cells isolated from biopsy of musculus vastus lateralis. FA metabolism was studied in myotubes using [14C]oleic acid. Lipid distribution was assessed by thin layer chromatography, and FA accumulation, lipolysis and re-esterification were measured by scintillation proximity assay. Gene and protein expressions were studied. Myotubes from athletic subjects showed lower FA accumulation, lower incorporation of FA into total lipids, triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester, higher TAG-related lipolysis and re-esterification, and higher complete oxidation and incomplete β-oxidation of FA compared to myotubes from sedentary subjects. mRNA expression of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III gene UQCRB was higher in cells from athletic compared to sedentary. Myotubes established from athletic subjects have higher lipid turnover and oxidation compared to myotubes from sedentary subjects. Our findings suggest that cultured myotubes retain some of the phenotypic traits of their donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lund
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Siw A Helle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils G Løvsletten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans K Stadheim
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eili T Kase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|