151
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Whitehead GS, Thomas SY, Shalaby KH, Nakano K, Moran TP, Ward JM, Flake GP, Nakano H, Cook DN. TNF is required for TLR ligand-mediated but not protease-mediated allergic airway inflammation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3313-3326. [PMID: 28758900 DOI: 10.1172/jci90890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is associated with exposure to a wide variety of allergens and adjuvants. The extent to which overlap exists between the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by these various agents is poorly understood, but it might explain the differential responsiveness of patients to specific therapies. In particular, it is unclear why some, but not all, patients benefit from blockade of TNF. Here, we characterized signaling pathways triggered by distinct types of adjuvants during allergic sensitization. Mice sensitized to an innocuous protein using TLR ligands or house dust extracts as adjuvants developed mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) following allergen challenge, whereas mice sensitized using proteases as adjuvants developed predominantly eosinophilic inflammation and AHR. TLR ligands, but not proteases, induced TNF during allergic sensitization. TNF signaled through airway epithelial cells to reprogram them and promote Th2, but not Th17, development in lymph nodes. TNF was also required during the allergen challenge phase for neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation. In contrast, TNF was dispensable for allergic airway disease in a protease-mediated model of asthma. These findings might help to explain why TNF blockade improves lung function in only some patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gordon P Flake
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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152
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Abstract
Allergic diseases, which have escalated in prevalence in recent years, arise as a result of maladaptive immune responses to ubiquitous environmental stimuli. Why only certain individuals mount inappropriate type 2 immune responses to these otherwise harmless allergens has remained an unanswered question. Mounting evidence suggests that the epithelium, by sensing its environment, is the central regulator of allergic diseases. Once considered to be a passive barrier to allergens, epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces are now considered to be the cornerstone of the allergic diathesis. Beyond their function as maintaining barrier at mucosal surfaces, mucosal epithelial cells through the secretion of mediators like IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP control the fate of downstream allergic immune responses. In this review, we will discuss the advances in recent years regarding the process of allergen recognition and secretion of soluble mediators by epithelial cells that shape the development of the allergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Gour
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephane Lajoie
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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153
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Draijer C, Peters-Golden M. Alveolar Macrophages in Allergic Asthma: the Forgotten Cell Awakes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:12. [PMID: 28233154 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of alveolar macrophages in innate immune responses has long been appreciated. Here, we review recent studies evaluating the participation of these cells in allergic inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Immediately after allergen exposure, monocytes are rapidly recruited from the bloodstream and serve to promote acute inflammation. By contrast, resident alveolar macrophages play a predominantly suppressive role in an effort to restore homeostasis. As inflammation becomes established after repeated exposures, alveolar macrophages can polarize across a continuum of activation phenotypes, losing their suppressive functions and gaining pathogenic functions. Future research should focus on the diverse roles of monocytes/macrophages during various types and phases of allergic inflammation. These properties could lead us to new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Draijer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA.
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154
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El-Gammal A, Oliveria JP, Howie K, Watson R, Mitchell P, Chen R, Baatjes A, Smith S, Al-Sajee D, Hawke TJ, Killian KJ, Gauvreau GM, O'Byrne PM. Allergen-induced Changes in Bone Marrow and Airway Dendritic Cells in Subjects with Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:169-77. [PMID: 26844926 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1623oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells essential for the initiation of T-cell responses. Allergen inhalation increases the number of airway DCs and the release of epithelial-derived cytokines, such as IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), that activate DCs. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of inhaled allergen on bone marrow production of DCs and their trafficking into the airways in subjects with allergic asthma, and to examine IL-33 and TSPL receptor expression on DCs. METHODS Bone marrow, peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and bronchial biopsies were obtained before and after inhalation of diluent and allergen from subjects with asthma that develop allergen-induced dual responses. Classical DCs (cDCs) were cultured from bone marrow CD34(+) cells. cDC1s, cDC2s, and plasmacytoid DCs were measured in bone marrow aspirates, peripheral blood, and BAL by flow cytometry, and cDCs were quantified in bronchial biopsies by immunofluorescence staining. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Inhaled allergen increased the number of cDCs grown from bone marrow progenitors, and cDCs and plasmacytoid DCs in bone marrow aspirates 24 hours after allergen. Allergen also increased the expression of the TSLP receptor, but not the IL-33 receptor, on bone marrow DCs. Finally, inhaled allergen increased the percentage of cDC1s and cDC2s in BAL but only cDC2s in bronchial tissues. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled allergen increases DCs in bone marrow and trafficking of DCs into the airway, which is associated with the development airway inflammation in subjects with allergic asthma. Inhaled allergen challenge also increases expression of TSLP, but not IL-33, receptors on bone marrow DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani El-Gammal
- 1 Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health.,2 Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruchong Chen
- 1 Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health.,3 Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Dhuha Al-Sajee
- 4 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- 4 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and
| | | | | | - Paul M O'Byrne
- 1 Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health.,2 Department of Medicine, and
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155
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McMullin DR, Renaud JB, Barasubiye T, Sumarah MW, Miller JD. Metabolites of Trichoderma species isolated from damp building materials. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:621-632. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Buildings that have been flooded often have high concentrations of Trichoderma spores in the air while drying. Inhaled spores and spore and mycelial fragments contain large amounts of fungal glucan and natural products that contribute to the symptoms associated with indoor mould exposures. In this study, we considered both small molecules and peptaibol profiles of T. atroviride, T. koningiopsis, T. citrinoviride, and T. harzianum strains obtained from damp buildings in eastern Canada. Twenty-residue peptaibols and sorbicillin-derived metabolites (1–6) including a new structure, (R)-vertinolide (1), were characterized from T. citrinoviride. Trichoderma koningiopsis produced several koninginins (7–10), trikoningin KA V, and the 11-residue lipopeptaibols trikoningin KB I and trikoningin KB II. Trichoderma atroviride biosynthesized a mixture of 19-residue trichorzianine-like peptaibols, whereas T. harzianum produced 18-residue trichokindin-like peptaibols and the 11-residue harzianin HB I that was subsequently identified from the studied T. citrinoviride strain. Two α-pyrones, 6-pentyl-pyran-2-one (11) and an oxidized analog (12), were produced by both T. atroviride and T. harzianum. Aside from exposure to low molecular weight natural products, inhalation of Trichoderma spores and mycelial fragments may result in exposure to membrane-disrupting peptaibols. This investigation contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the biologically active natural products produced by fungi commonly found in damp buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. McMullin
- Ottawa Carleton Institute of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Justin B. Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Tharcisse Barasubiye
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Mark W. Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - J. David Miller
- Ottawa Carleton Institute of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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156
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Ndika J, Airaksinen L, Suojalehto H, Karisola P, Fyhrquist N, Puustinen A, Alenius H. Epithelial proteome profiling suggests the essential role of interferon-inducible proteins in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28633877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) caused by intermittent exposure to seasonal pollen causes itching, nasal congestion, and repeated sneezing, with profound effects on quality of life, work productivity, and school performance. Although both the genotype and environmental factors can contribute to the immunologic basis of allergic reactions, the molecular underpinnings associated with the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis are not entirely clear. METHODS To address these questions, nasal epithelial brushings were collected from 29 patients with SAR and 31 control subjects during and after the pollen season. We then implemented an orbitrap-based, bottom-up, label-free quantitative proteomics approach, followed by multivariate analyses to identify differentially abundant (DA) proteins among the 4 sample groups. RESULTS We identified a total of 133 DA proteins for which the most significantly overrepresented functional category was found to be interferon 1 signaling. Two proteins, cystatin 1 and myeloblastin, the former of which protects against protease activity of allergens and the latter with a role in epithelial barrier function, were DA in patients with SAR and control subjects, irrespective of season. Moreover, interferon-inducible protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1, cystatin 1, and interferon-inducible protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 were found to be differentially regulated between patients with SAR and control subjects, with inverse abundance dynamics during the transition from fall to spring. CONCLUSION We identified type 1 interferon-regulated proteins as biomarkers in patients with SAR, potentially playing an important role in its pathogenesis. Moreover, when compared with patients with SAR, healthy subjects exhibit an antagonistic proteomic response across seasons, which might prove to be a therapeutic target for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ndika
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Airaksinen
- Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hille Suojalehto
- Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Fyhrquist
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Puustinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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157
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Oettgen HC. Fifty years later: Emerging functions of IgE antibodies in host defense, immune regulation, and allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 137:1631-1645. [PMID: 27263999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years ago, after a long search, IgE emerged as the circulating factor responsible for triggering allergic reactions. Its extremely low concentration in plasma created significant hurdles for scientists working to reveal its identity. We now know that IgE levels are invariably increased in patients affected by atopic conditions and that IgE provides the critical link between the antigen recognition role of the adaptive immune system and the effector functions of mast cells and basophils at mucosal and cutaneous sites of environmental exposure. This review discusses the established mechanisms of action of IgE in pathologic immediate hypersensitivity, as well as its multifaceted roles in protective immunity, control of mast cell homeostasis, and its more recently revealed immunomodulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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158
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Agrawal A. Dendritic Cell-Airway Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk Changes with Age and Contributes to Chronic Lung Inflammatory Diseases in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061206. [PMID: 28587289 PMCID: PMC5486029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses are one of the major factors responsible for the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in the older population. Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) are present below the airway epithelial cells (AECs) and are critical in initiating effective immune responses to harmful pathogens while maintaining tolerance against harmless antigens. The interaction between DCs and AECs plays a crucial role in lung immunity at homeostasis and during infections. The functions of both DCs and AECs are impacted with age. The present report reviews how the potential crosstalk between pulmonary DCs and AECs is dysregulated in the elderly impairing the capacity to maintain tolerance at the respiratory surfaces, which results in severe and chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases. We also discuss how such DC-AECs crosstalk will provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of the elderly to pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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159
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Vitenberga Z, Pilmane M. Inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue as an essential part of the local immune system. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017. [PMID: 28627525 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate and adaptive immune systems in lungs are maintained not only by immune cells but also by non-immune tissue structures, locally providing wide intercellular communication networks and regulating the local tissue immune response. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the appearance and distribution of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in relatively healthy lung tissue samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated lung tissue specimens obtained from 49 patients aged 9-95 years in relatively healthy study subjects. Tissue samples were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-7 (IL-7), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by an immunohistochemistry (IMH) method. The number of positive structures was counted semiquantitatively by microscopy. Non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data. RESULTS IL-1-positive cells were mostly found in the bronchial cartilage and alveolar epithelium. Immunoreactive lung macrophages were also found. The numbers of IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10 containing cells were also found in the bronchial epithelium (in addition to those previously listed). The number of positive structures varied from occasional to moderate, but was graded higher in cartilage. Overall, fewer IL-1-positive cells and more IL-10-positive cells were found. Almost no positive structures for all examined cytokines were found in connective tissue and bronchial glands. CONCLUSIONS Relatively healthy lung tissue exhibits anti-inflammatory response patterns. The cytokine distribution and appearance suggest persistent stimulation of cytokine expression in lung tissue and indicate the presence of local regulatory and modulating patterns. The pronounced cytokine distribution in bronchial cartilage suggests the involvement of a compensatory local immune response in the supporting tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Vitenberga
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
| | - Mara Pilmane
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
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160
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The Absence of Interferon-β Promotor Stimulator-1 (IPS-1) Predisposes to Bronchiolitis and Asthma-like Pathology in Response to Pneumoviral Infection in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2353. [PMID: 28539639 PMCID: PMC5443759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a risk factor for subsequent asthma. We showed previously that toll-like receptor (TLR)7 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is critical for protection against bronchiolitis and asthma in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), the mouse homolog of RSV. This lack of redundancy was unexpected as interferon-β promotor stimulator-1 (IPS-1) signalling, downstream of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and not TLR7 activation, contributes to host defence in hRSV-inoculated adult mice. To further clarify the role of IPS-1 signalling, we inoculated IPS-1−/− and WT mice with PVM in early-life, and again in later-life, to model the association between bronchiolitis and asthma. IPS-1 deficiency predisposed to severe PVM bronchiolitis, characterised by neutrophilic inflammation and necroptotic airway epithelial cell death, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and IL-33 release, and downstream type-2 inflammation. Secondary infection induced an eosinophilic asthma-like pathophysiology in IPS-1−/− but not WT mice. Mechanistically, we identified that IPS-1 is necessary for pDC recruitment, IFN-α production and viral control. Our findings suggest that TLR7 and RLR signalling work collaboratively to optimally control the host response to pneumovirus infection thereby protecting against viral bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.
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161
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Agrawal S, Srivastava R, Rahmatpanah F, Madiraju C, BenMohamed L, Agrawal A. Airway epithelial cells enhance the immunogenicity of human myeloid dendritic cells under steady state. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:279-289. [PMID: 28470729 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and airway epithelial cells (AECs) are in close proximity, and AECs secrete factors such as retinoic acid which induce tolerance in DCs at homeostasis. However, the question remains as to how DCs in the lung are able to respond to pathogens in the immunosuppressive environment. Using an in vitro human myeloid DC (mDC)-AEC co-culture system, we demonstrate that AECs induced several gene changes in the mDCs cultured with AECs compared to the mDCs not cultured with AECs. Analysis revealed that several chemokine genes were altered. These chemokine genes could serve to attract neutrophils, natural killer (NK) T as well as T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells to the airways. Genes priming lipid and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation were also up-regulated, along with certain anti-microbial protein genes. In addition, the expression and function of pathogen-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and their downstream signalling molecules were up-regulated in mDCs cultured with AECs. Moreover, murine mucosal DCs from the lung expressed significantly higher levels of TLRs and NLRs compared to peripheral DCs from the spleen. These results indicate that AECs prime mDCs to enhance their immunogenicity, which could be one of the mechanisms that compensates for the immunosuppressive mucosal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F Rahmatpanah
- Department of pathology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Madiraju
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - L BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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162
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Rand TG, Chang CT, McMullin DR, Miller JD. Inflammation-associated gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by toxins from fungi common on damp building materials. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:16-20. [PMID: 28535995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most fungi that grow on damp building materials produce low molecular weight compounds, some of which are known to be toxic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to some metabolites of fungi common on damp building materials would result in time-, dose-, and compound-specific responses in the production of various chemokines by RAW 264.7 cells. Cell cultures were exposed to a 10-7M or 10-8M metabolite dose for 2, 4, 8 or 24h. Metabolite concentrations used were based on those that might be expected in alveolar macrophages due to inhalation exposure from living or working in a damp building. Compared to controls, exposure provoked significant time-, dose- and compound-specific responses manifest as differentially elevated secretion of three of nine cytokines tested in culture supernatant of treated cells. The greatest number of cytokines produced in response to the metabolites tested were in andrastin A-treated cells (GM-CSF, TGFβ1, Tnf-α) followed by koninginin A (TGFβ1 and Tnf-α) and phomenone (GM-CSF, TGFβ1). Chaetoglobosin A, chaetomugilin D and walleminone exposures each resulted in significant time-specific production of Tnf-α only. This investigation adds to a body of evidence supporting the role of low molecular weight compounds from damp building materials as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Along with fungal glucan and chitin, these compounds contribute to the non-allergy based respiratory outcomes for people living and working in damp buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Rand
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Carolyn T Chang
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - David R McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - J David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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163
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Chan TK, Tan WSD, Peh HY, Wong WSF. Aeroallergens Induce Reactive Oxygen Species Production and DNA Damage and Dampen Antioxidant Responses in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:39-47. [PMID: 28526682 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental allergens is a major risk factor for asthma development. Allergens possess proteolytic activity that is capable of disrupting the airway epithelium. Although there is increasing evidence pointing to asthma as an epithelial disease, the underlying mechanism that drives asthma has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the direct DNA damage potential of aeroallergens on human bronchial epithelial cells and elucidated the mechanisms mediating the damage. Human bronchial epithelial cells, BEAS-2B, directly exposed to house dust mites (HDM) resulted in enhanced DNA damage, as measured by the CometChip and the staining of DNA double-strand break marker, γH2AX. HDM stimulated cellular reactive oxygen species production, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and promoted nitrosative stress. Notably, expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-dependent antioxidant genes was reduced immediately after HDM exposure, suggesting that HDM altered antioxidant responses. HDM exposure also reduced cell proliferation and induced cell death. Importantly, HDM-induced DNA damage can be prevented by the antioxidants glutathione and catalase, suggesting that HDM-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can be neutralized by antioxidants. Mechanistic studies revealed that HDM-induced cellular injury is NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent, and apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, protected cells from double-strand breaks induced by HDM. Our results show that direct exposure of bronchial epithelial cells to HDM leads to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that damage DNA and induce cytotoxicity. Antioxidants and NOX inhibitors can prevent HDM-induced DNA damage, revealing a novel role for antioxidants and NOX inhibitors in mitigating allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Khee Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore; and
| | - W S Daniel Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore.,Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117600, Singapore; .,Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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164
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A crucial role of the PD-1H coinhibitory receptor in suppressing experimental asthma. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:838-845. [PMID: 28479600 PMCID: PMC6203798 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death one homolog (PD-1H) is a cell surface molecule of the B7/CD28 immune modulatory gene family. Although PD-1H has been shown to function as a coinhibitory receptor on T cells to limit naive T-cell activation and proliferation, its role in the regulation of the T-cell response to allergens is unknown. We report here that genetic ablation or blockade of PD-1H drastically promotes pulmonary inflammation with massive accumulation of eosinophils in a mouse model of experimental asthma, indicating a suppressive function of PD-1H in allergic inflammation. The loss of PD-1H led to elevated production of both innate cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1 and TNFα) and Th2 cytokines (IL-5 and IL-13) in the lung, indicating a critical role of PD-1H in suppressing the production of airway inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the loss of PD-1H also impaired the expansion of systemic and pulmonary regulatory T cells during asthma induction. These findings support a critical role of intrinsic PD-1H in the regulation of inflammatory responses to allergens. Finally, we showed that treatment with a PD-1H agonistic monoclonal antibody reduced the severity of asthma, which was accompanied by suppressed lung inflammation. Our findings support PD-1H as a potential target and suggest a possible strategy for the treatment of allergic asthma in humans.
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165
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GM-CSF produced by the airway epithelium is required for sensitization to cockroach allergen. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:705-715. [PMID: 27731325 PMCID: PMC5389932 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are among the first to encounter inhaled allergens and can initiate allergic responses by producing pro-Th2 innate cytokines. In this study, we investigated the role of epithelial-derived cytokines in sensitization to a clinically relevant allergen, cockroach allergen (CRA). Among the epithelial-derived cytokines, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) had a central role in the initiation of Th2 allergic responses to CRA. We show that initial exposure to CRA directly activated airway epithelial cells through a TLR4-MyD88-dependent pathway and MyD88 signaling in epithelial cells induced upregulation of GM-CSF during sensitization. Epithelial-derived GM-CSF was required for allergic sensitization and selectively restored Th2 responses in the absence of MyD88. Thus, we demonstrate that epithelial-derived GM-CSF is a critical early signal during allergic sensitization to CRA.
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166
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Reinmuth-Selzle K, Kampf CJ, Lucas K, Lang-Yona N, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Shiraiwa M, Lakey PSJ, Lai S, Liu F, Kunert AT, Ziegler K, Shen F, Sgarbanti R, Weber B, Bellinghausen I, Saloga J, Weller MG, Duschl A, Schuppan D, Pöschl U. Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Allergies in the Anthropocene: Abundance, Interaction, and Modification of Allergens and Adjuvants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4119-4141. [PMID: 28326768 PMCID: PMC5453620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and climate change are potential drivers for the increasing burden of allergic diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which air pollutants and climate parameters may influence allergic diseases, however, are complex and elusive. This article provides an overview of physical, chemical and biological interactions between air pollution, climate change, allergens, adjuvants and the immune system, addressing how these interactions may promote the development of allergies. We reviewed and synthesized key findings from atmospheric, climate, and biomedical research. The current state of knowledge, open questions, and future research perspectives are outlined and discussed. The Anthropocene, as the present era of globally pervasive anthropogenic influence on planet Earth and, thus, on the human environment, is characterized by a strong increase of carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and combustion- or traffic-related particulate matter in the atmosphere. These environmental factors can enhance the abundance and induce chemical modifications of allergens, increase oxidative stress in the human body, and skew the immune system toward allergic reactions. In particular, air pollutants can act as adjuvants and alter the immunogenicity of allergenic proteins, while climate change affects the atmospheric abundance and human exposure to bioaerosols and aeroallergens. To fully understand and effectively mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution and climate change on allergic diseases, several challenges remain to be resolved. Among these are the identification and quantification of immunochemical reaction pathways involving allergens and adjuvants under relevant environmental and physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Kampf
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes
Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Naama Lang-Yona
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | | | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Pascale S. J. Lakey
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Senchao Lai
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- South
China University of Technology, School of
Environment and Energy, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fobang Liu
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Anna T. Kunert
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Fangxia Shen
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Rossella Sgarbanti
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Bettina Weber
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Michael G. Weller
- Division
1.5 Protein Analysis, Federal Institute
for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, 12489, Germany
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute
of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy,
Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131 Germany
- Division
of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz, 55128, Germany
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167
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Vilá-Héreter F, Rivera-Mariani FE, Bolaños-Rosero B. Serological Reactivity and Identification of Immunoglobulin E-Binding Polypeptides of Ganoderma applanatum Crude Spore Cytoplasmic Extract in Puerto Rican Subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 172:139-149. [PMID: 28380479 DOI: 10.1159/000455254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The allergenic potential of Ganoderma applanatum basidiospores has been demonstrated previously in Puerto Rico. However, basidiomycete allergens are not available for inclusion in allergy diagnostic panels. Therefore, we sought to confirm allergic sensitization to G. applanatum crude spore cytoplasmic extract through reactivity in serological assays and detection of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding polypeptides. METHODS Via an indirect ELISA, serological reactivity was compared between groups of individuals with different allergic profiles. Group 1 (n = 51) consisted of individuals with sIgE to the allergens included in the diagnostic panels; group 2 (n = 14) comprised individuals with no sIgE to the allergens tested; and group 3 (n = 22) included individuals with no allergic history. To visualize IgE-binding polypeptides, group 1 sera were examined via Western blotting (WB). Polypeptide bands with the highest reactivity were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) for putative identification. RESULTS The serological reactivity of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 3 in an indirect ELISA (p = 0.03). Sixty-five percent of group 1 individuals showed reactivity to polypeptide bands in WB. Bands of 81 and 56 kDa had the highest reactivity proportions among the reactive sera, followed by a 45-kDa band. MS analysis of these 3 polypeptides suggests that they are basidiomycete-derived enzymes with aconitate hydratase, catalase, and enolase functions. CONCLUSIONS G. applanatum spores have allergenic components recognized by Puerto Rican individuals, which could eventually be considered as markers in cases of fungal allergy and be included in diagnostic allergen panels in Puerto Rico and tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Vilá-Héreter
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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168
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El Ridi R, Tallima H. Physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid: A review. J Adv Res 2017; 8:487-493. [PMID: 28748115 PMCID: PMC5512149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is synthesized mainly in the liver, intestines and the vascular endothelium as the end product of an exogenous pool of purines, and endogenously from damaged, dying and dead cells, whereby nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are degraded into uric acid. Mentioning uric acid generates dread because it is the established etiological agent of the severe, acute and chronic inflammatory arthritis, gout and is implicated in the initiation and progress of the metabolic syndrome. Yet, uric acid is the predominant anti-oxidant molecule in plasma and is necessary and sufficient for induction of type 2 immune responses. These properties may explain its protective potential in neurological and infectious diseases, mainly schistosomiasis. The pivotal protective potential of uric acid against blood-borne pathogens and neurological and autoimmune diseases is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hatem Tallima
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Cairo, Egypt
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169
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Vidal-Quist JC, Ortego F, Lambrecht BN, Castañera P, Hernández-Crespo P. Effects of domestic chemical stressors on expression of allergen genes in the European house dust mite. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 31:97-101. [PMID: 27753116 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The expression of allergen genes in house dust mites is influenced by temperature and relative humidity, but little is known of the impacts of other environmental factors that may alter the repertoire of allergens released by mites in home microhabitats. Bioassays were conducted in concave microscope slides in combination with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyse gene expression of 17 allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acariformes: Pyroglyphidae) exposed to three chemical stressors that can be present in domestic environments. Short-term exposure (5-12 days) to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) (1 µg/cm2 ), bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (0.1 µg/cm2 ) and benzyl benzoate (3.2 µg/cm2 ), at concentrations exceeding those expected in homes, had no significant effect on allergen transcription. A significant increase in the transcription of allergens Der p 3, Der p 8 and Der p 21 was observed only after exposing mites to a higher concentration of DEPs (10 µg/cm2 ) over a whole generation. In combination, the present results suggest that the analysed factors have low impact on allergen production. The methodology described here offers a sound and rapid approach to the broad-spectrum study of factors affecting allergen-related mite physiology, and allows the simultaneous screening of different factors in a relatively short period with consideration of the full spectrum of allergen genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Vidal-Quist
- Laboratory of Plant-Insect Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Ortego
- Laboratory of Plant-Insect Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - B N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, UGent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Castañera
- Laboratory of Plant-Insect Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Hernández-Crespo
- Laboratory of Plant-Insect Interaction, Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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170
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Leaker BR, Malkov VA, Mogg R, Ruddy MK, Nicholson GC, Tan AJ, Tribouley C, Chen G, De Lepeleire I, Calder NA, Chung H, Lavender P, Carayannopoulos LN, Hansel TT. The nasal mucosal late allergic reaction to grass pollen involves type 2 inflammation (IL-5 and IL-13), the inflammasome (IL-1β), and complement. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:408-420. [PMID: 27677865 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive mucosal sampling (nasosorption and nasal curettage) was used following nasal allergen challenge with grass pollen in subjects with allergic rhinitis, in order to define the molecular basis of the late allergic reaction (LAR). It was found that the nasal LAR to grass pollen involves parallel changes in pathways of type 2 inflammation (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), inflammasome-related (IL-1β), and complement and circadian-associated genes. A grass pollen nasal spray was given to subjects with hay fever followed by serial sampling, in which cytokines and chemokines were measured in absorbed nasal mucosal lining fluid, and global gene expression (transcriptomics) assessed in nasal mucosal curettage samples. Twelve of 19 subjects responded with elevations in interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-1β and MIP-1β/CCL4 protein levels in the late phase. In addition, in these individuals whole-genome expression profiling showed upregulation of type 2 inflammation involving eosinophils and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13; neutrophil recruitment with IL-1α and IL-1β; the alternative pathway of complement (factor P and C5aR); and prominent effects on circadian-associated transcription regulators. Baseline IL-33 mRNA strongly correlated with these late-phase responses, whereas a single oral dose of prednisone dose-dependently reversed most nasal allergen challenge-induced cytokine and transcript responses. This study shows that the LAR to grass pollen involves a range of inflammatory pathways and suggests potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the marked variation in mucosal inflammatory events between different patients suggests that in the future precision mucosal sampling may enable rational specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Leaker
- Respiratory Clinical Trials Ltd, London, UK
| | - V A Malkov
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - R Mogg
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - M K Ruddy
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | | | - A J Tan
- Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit (ICRRU), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C Tribouley
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - G Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | | | - N A Calder
- MSD (Europe) Inc., Brussels, Belgium.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - H Chung
- Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - P Lavender
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College, London, UK
| | - L N Carayannopoulos
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.,Present address: Celgene (L.N.C. and G.C.); Janssen R & D, Spring House, PA (R.M.); Alnylam (M.K.R.); Novartis (C.T.); GSK (N.A.C.); Otsuka (H.C.)
| | - T T Hansel
- Imperial Clinical Respiratory Research Unit (ICRRU), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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171
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Caraballo
- a Institute for Immunological Research , University of Cartagena , Cartagena , Colombia
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172
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Airway remodeling in asthma: what really matters. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:551-569. [PMID: 28190087 PMCID: PMC5320023 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is generally quite broadly defined as any change in composition, distribution, thickness, mass or volume and/or number of structural components observed in the airway wall of patients relative to healthy individuals. However, two types of airway remodeling should be distinguished more clearly: (1) physiological airway remodeling, which encompasses structural changes that occur regularly during normal lung development and growth leading to a normal mature airway wall or as an acute and transient response to injury and/or inflammation, which ultimately results in restoration of a normal airway structures; and (2) pathological airway remodeling, which comprises those structural alterations that occur as a result of either disturbed lung development or as a response to chronic injury and/or inflammation leading to persistently altered airway wall structures and function. This review will address a few major aspects: (1) what are reliable quantitative approaches to assess airway remodeling? (2) Are there any indications supporting the notion that airway remodeling can occur as a primary event, i.e., before any inflammatory process was initiated? (3) What is known about airway remodeling being a secondary event to inflammation? And (4), what can we learn from the different animal models ranging from invertebrate to primate models in the study of airway remodeling? Future studies are required addressing particularly pheno-/endotype-specific aspects of airway remodeling using both endotype-specific animal models and “endotyped” human asthmatics. Hopefully, novel in vivo imaging techniques will be further advanced to allow monitoring development, growth and inflammation of the airways already at a very early stage in life.
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173
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The dangerous liaison between pollens and pollution in respiratory allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 118:269-275. [PMID: 28143681 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To recapitulate the more recent epidemiologic studies on the association of air pollution with respiratory allergic diseases prevalence and to discuss the main limitations of current approaches used to establish a link between pollinosis and pollution. DATA SOURCES Through the use of PubMed, we conducted a broad literature review in the following areas: epidemiology of respiratory allergic diseases, effect of pollution and climate changes on pollen grains, and immunomodulatory properties of pollen substances. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies on short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants, such as gaseous and particulate materials, on allergic sensitization, and on exacerbation of asthma symptoms were considered. RESULTS Trend in respiratory allergic disease prevalence has increased worldwide during the last 3 decades. Although recent epidemiologic studies on a possible association of this phenomenon with increasing pollution are controversial, botanic studies suggest a clear effect of several pollutants combined to climatic changes on the increased expression of allergenic proteins in several pollen grains. The current literature suggests the need for considering both pollen allergen and pollutant contents for epidemiologic evaluation of environmental determinants in respiratory allergies. We propose that a measure of allergenic potential of pollens, indicative of the increase in allergenicity of a polluted pollen, may be considered as a new risk indicator for respiratory health in urban areas. CONCLUSION Because public greens are located in strict proximity to the anthropogenic sources of pollution, the identification of novel more reliable parameters for risk assessment in respiratory allergic diseases is an essential need for public health management and primary prevention area.
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174
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George T, Bell M, Chakraborty M, Siderovski DP, Giembycz MA, Newton R. Protective Roles for RGS2 in a Mouse Model of House Dust Mite-Induced Airway Inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170269. [PMID: 28107494 PMCID: PMC5249169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase-accelerating protein, regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) reduces signalling from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal via Gαq. In humans, RGS2 expression is up-regulated by inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) such that synergy is produced in combination. This may contribute to the superior clinical efficacy of ICS/LABA therapy in asthma relative to ICS alone. In a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced airways inflammation, three weeks of intranasal HDM (25 μg, 3×/week) reduced lung function and induced granulocytic airways inflammation. Compared to wild type animals, Rgs2-/- mice showed airways hyperresponsiveness (increased airways resistance and reduced compliance). While HDM increased pulmonary inflammation observed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, there was no difference between wild type and Rgs2-/- animals. HDM-induced mucus hypersecretion was also unaffected by RGS2 deficiency. However, inflammatory cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Rgs2-/- animals were significantly increased (57%) compared to wild type animals and this correlated with increased granulocyte (neutrophil and eosinophil) numbers. Likewise, cytokine and chemokine (IL4, IL17, IL5, LIF, IL6, CSF3, CXCLl, CXCL10 and CXCL11) release was increased by HDM exposure. Compared to wild type, Rgs2-/- animals showed a trend towards increased expression for many cytokines/chemokines, with CCL3, CCL11, CXCL9 and CXCL10 being significantly enhanced. As RGS2 expression was unaffected by HDM exposure, these data indicate that RGS2 exerts tonic bronchoprotection in HDM-induced airways inflammation. Modest anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling roles for RGS2 are also suggested. If translatable to humans, therapies that maximize RGS2 expression may prove advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tresa George
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Bell
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David P. Siderovski
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Giembycz
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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175
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Wawrzyniak P, Wawrzyniak M, Wanke K, Sokolowska M, Bendelja K, Rückert B, Globinska A, Jakiela B, Kast JI, Idzko M, Akdis M, Sanak M, Akdis CA. Regulation of bronchial epithelial barrier integrity by type 2 cytokines and histone deacetylases in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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176
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Dong H, Hu Y, Liu L, Zou M, Huang C, Luo L, Yu C, Wan X, Zhao H, Chen J, Xie Z, Le Y, Zou F, Cai S. Distinct roles of short and long thymic stromal lymphopoietin isoforms in house dust mite-induced asthmatic airway epithelial barrier disruption. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39559. [PMID: 27996052 PMCID: PMC5171874 DOI: 10.1038/srep39559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of airway epithelial integrity contributes significantly to asthma pathogenesis. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) may have dual immunoregulatory roles. In inflammatory disorders of the bowel, the long isoform of TSLP (lfTSLP) promotes inflammation while the short isoform (sfTSLP) inhibits inflammation. We hypothesize that lfTSLP contributes to house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and that synthetic sfTSLP can prevent these effects. In vitro, airway epithelial barrier function was assessed by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance, fluorescent-dextran permeability, and distribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin. In vivo, BALB/c mice were exposed to HDM by nasal inhalation for 5 consecutive days per week to establish an asthma model. sfTSLP and 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) were administered 1 h before HDM exposure. After 8 weeks, animal lung function tests and pathological staining were performed to evaluate asthma progression. We found that HDM and lfTSLP impaired barrier function. Treatment with sfTSLP and 1,25D3 prevented HDM-induced airway epithelial barrier disruption. Moreover, sfTSLP and 1,25D3 treatment ameliorated HDM-induced asthma in mice. Our data emphasize the importance of the different expression patterns and biological properties of sfTSLP and lfTSLP. Moreover, our results indicate that sfTSLP and 1,25D3 may serve as novel therapeutic agents for individualized treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangming Dong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yahui Hu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Laiyu Liu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chaowen Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lishan Luo
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - JiaLong Chen
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhefan Xie
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Le
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Determinants of Divergent Adaptive Immune Responses after Airway Sensitization with Ligands of Toll-Like Receptor 5 or Toll-Like Receptor 9. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167693. [PMID: 27977701 PMCID: PMC5157987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive type 2 helper T cell responses to environmental antigens can cause immunopathology such as asthma and allergy, but how such immune responses are induced remains unclear. We studied this process in the airways by immunizing mice intranasally with the antigen ovalbumin together with either of two Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We found the TLR5 ligand flagellin promoted a type 2 helper T cell response, whereas, a TLR9 ligand CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) promoted a type 1 helper T cell response. CpG ODN induced mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)-12 p40, whereas, flagellin caused IL-33 secretion and induced mRNAs encoding IL-1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). By using mice deficient in the TLR and IL-1R signaling molecule, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs), and by cell sorting different lung populations after 2 hours of in vivo stimulation, we characterized the cell types that rapidly produced inflammatory cytokines in response to TLR stimulation. CpG ODN was likely recognized by TLR9 on cDCs and AMs, which made mRNA encoding IL-12. IL-12 was necessary for the subsequent innate and adaptive interferon-γ production. In contrast, flagellin stimulated multiple cells of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin, including AMs, DCs, monocytes, and lung epithelial cells. AMs were largely responsible for IL-1α, whereas lung epithelial cells made TSLP. Multiple hematopoietic cells, including AMs, DCs, and monocytes contributed to other cytokines, including IL-1β and TNFα. MyD88-dependent signals, likely through IL-1R and IL-33R, and MyD88-independent signals, likely from TSLP, were necessary in cDCs for promotion of the early IL-4 response by CD4 T cells in the draining lymph node. Thus, the cell types that responded to TLR ligands were a critical determinant of the innate cytokines produced and the character of the resulting adaptive immune response in the airways.
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178
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Giridhar PV, Bell SM, Sridharan A, Rajavelu P, Kitzmiller JA, Na CL, Kofron M, Brandt EB, Ericksen M, Naren AP, Moon C, Khurana Hershey GK, Whitsett JA. Airway Epithelial KIF3A Regulates Th2 Responses to Aeroallergens. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:4228-4239. [PMID: 27794000 PMCID: PMC5123825 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
KIF3A, the gene encoding kinesin family member 3A, is a susceptibility gene locus associated with asthma; however, mechanisms by which KIF3A might influence the pathogenesis of the disorder are unknown. In this study, we deleted the mouse Kif3a gene in airway epithelial cells. Both homozygous and heterozygous Kif3a gene-deleted mice were highly susceptible to aeroallergens from Aspergillus fumigatus and the house dust mite, resulting in an asthma-like pathology characterized by increased goblet cell metaplasia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and Th2-mediated inflammation. Deletion of the Kif3a gene increased the severity of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and expression of cytokines (Il-4, Il-13, and Il-17a) and chemokine (Ccl11) RNAs following pulmonary exposure to Aspergillus extract. Inhibition of Kif3a disrupted the structure of motile cilia and impaired mucociliary clearance, barrier function, and epithelial repair, demonstrating additional mechanisms by which deficiency of KIF3A in respiratory epithelial cells contributes to pulmonary pathology. Airway epithelial KIF3A suppresses Th2 pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness following aeroallergen exposure, implicating epithelial microtubular functions in the pathogenesis of Th2-mediated lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Vummidi Giridhar
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sheila M Bell
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Anusha Sridharan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Priya Rajavelu
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Joseph A Kitzmiller
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Cheng-Lun Na
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Mark Ericksen
- Division of Asthma Research, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Changsuk Moon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229; and
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229;
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179
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Langwinski W, Narozna B, Lackie PM, Holloway JW, Szczepankiewicz A. Comparison of miRNA profiling during airway epithelial repair in undifferentiated and differentiated cells in vitro. J Appl Genet 2016; 58:205-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-016-0370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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180
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López-Rodríguez JC, Barderas R, Echaide M, Pérez-Gil J, Villalba M, Batanero E, Cruz A. Surface Activity as a Crucial Factor of the Biological Actions of Ole e 1, the Main Aeroallergen of Olive Tree (Olea europaea) Pollen. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11055-11062. [PMID: 27723354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aeroallergens are airborne substances-mainly proteins-capable of triggering Th2-immune responses in respiratory allergies. They enter into the body through the upper airways, reaching the mucosa afterward. Mucosae lining at the luminal side consists of an epithelial barrier completely covered by mucus and pulmonary surfactant. Both pulmonary surfactant and plasma membrane of the epithelial cells represent two physiological phospholipid-based barriers where allergens first impact before triggering their biological effects. The interaction of allergens with lipids at relevant physiological surfaces could promote structural changes on the molecule, resulting on a potential modification of its allergenic properties. In this work, we have first described the surface and phospholipid interaction capabilities of the clinically relevant aeroallergen Ole e 1, the main allergen of olive tree pollen. By using epifluorescence microscopy of Langmuir transferred films, we observed that lipid-packed ordered domains may function as a preferential location for allergen to accumulate at the air-liquid interface, an effect that is abolished in the presence of cholestenone. The possible implications of phospholipid-interfacial effects in the modification of allergen structural and functional properties will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mercedes Echaide
- Instituto de Investigación "Hospital 12 de Octubre" , 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Instituto de Investigación "Hospital 12 de Octubre" , 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación "Hospital 12 de Octubre" , 28041 Madrid, Spain
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181
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Dullaers M, Schuijs MJ, Willart M, Fierens K, Van Moorleghem J, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN. House dust mite-driven asthma and allergen-specific T cells depend on B cells when the amount of inhaled allergen is limiting. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 140:76-88.e7. [PMID: 27746238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a CD4 TH2-lymphocyte driven disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia. B cells can present antigens to CD4 T cells and produce IgE immunoglobulins that arm effector cells; however, mouse models are inconclusive on whether B cells are necessary for asthma development. OBJECTIVES We sought to address the role of B cells in a house dust mite (HDM)-driven TH2-high asthma mouse model. METHODS Wild-type and B cell-deficient muMT mice were sensitized and challenged through the airways with HDM extracts. The antigen-presenting capacities of B cells were studied by using new T-cell receptor transgenic 1-DER mice specific for the Der p 1 allergen. RESULTS In vitro-activated B cells from HDM-exposed mice presented antigen to 1-DER T cells and induced a TH2 phenotype. In vivo B cells were dispensable for activation of naive 1-DER T cells but necessary for full expansion of primed 1-DER T cells. At high HDM challenge doses, B cells were not required for development of pulmonary asthmatic features yet contributed to TH2 expansion in the mediastinal lymph nodes but not in the lungs. When the amount of challenge allergen was decreased, muMT mice had reduced asthma features. Under these limiting conditions, B cells contributed also to expansion of TH2 effector cells in the lungs and central memory T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes. CONCLUSION B cells are a major part of the adaptive immune response to inhaled HDM allergen, particularly when the amount of inhaled allergen is low, by expanding allergen-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dullaers
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Monique Willart
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaat Fierens
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Van Moorleghem
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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182
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Satitsuksanoa P, Kennedy M, Gilis D, Le Mignon M, Suratannon N, Soh WT, Wongpiyabovorn J, Chatchatee P, Vangveravong M, Rerkpattanapipat T, Sangasapaviliya A, Piboonpocanun S, Nony E, Ruxrungtham K, Jacquet A. The minor house dust mite allergen Der p 13 is a fatty acid-binding protein and an activator of a TLR2-mediated innate immune response. Allergy 2016; 71:1425-34. [PMID: 27018864 DOI: 10.1111/all.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The house dust mite (HDM) allergen Der p 13 could be a lipid-binding protein able to activate key innate signaling pathways in the initiation of the allergic response. We investigated the IgE reactivity of recombinant Der p 13 (rDer p 13), its lipid-binding activities, and its capacity to stimulate airway epithelium cells. METHODS Purified rDer p 13 was characterized by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, fluorescence-based lipid-binding assays, and in silico structural prediction. IgE-binding activity and allergenic potential of Der p 13 were examined by ELISA, basophil degranulation assays, and in vitro airway epithelial cell activation assays. RESULTS Protein modeling and biophysical analysis indicated that Der p 13 adopts a β-barrel structure with a predominately apolar pocket representing a potential binding site for hydrophobic ligands. Fluorescent lipid-binding assays confirmed that the protein is highly selective for ligands and that it binds a fatty acid with a dissociation constant typical of lipid transporter proteins. The low IgE-binding frequency (7%, n = 224) in Thai HDM-allergic patients as well as the limited propensity to activate basophil degranulation classifies Der p 13 as a minor HDM allergen. Nevertheless, the protein with its presumptively associated lipid(s) triggered the production of IL-8 and GM-CSF in respiratory epithelial cells through a TLR2-, MyD88-, NF-kB-, and MAPK-dependent signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Although a minor allergen, Der p 13 may, through its lipid-binding capacity, play a role in the initiation of the HDM-allergic response through TLR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Satitsuksanoa
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine; and Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC); Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - M. Kennedy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - D. Gilis
- BIO-Bioinfo Department; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | | | - N. Suratannon
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - W. T. Soh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine; and Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC); Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - J. Wongpiyabovorn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases; Division of Immunology; Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Chatchatee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - M. Vangveravong
- Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit; Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health; Department of Medical Services; Ministry of Public Health; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T. Rerkpattanapipat
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology; Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - A. Sangasapaviliya
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine; Phramongkutklao Hospital; Bangkok Thailand
| | - S. Piboonpocanun
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; Mahidol University; Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - E. Nony
- Stallergenes Greer; Antony France
| | - K. Ruxrungtham
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine; and Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC); Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - A. Jacquet
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine; and Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC); Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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183
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosing eosinophilic asthma is important, because uncontrolled eosinophilic airway inflammation is associated with reduced response to glucocorticoids and increased risk of severe exacerbations. AREAS COVERED Currently, the diagnosis of eosinophilic asthma is based on measurements of sputum eosinophils, which is time consuming and requires specific technical expertise. Therefore, biomarkers such as blood eosinophils, FeNO, serum IgE and periostin are being used as surrogates. These biomarkers can be used separately or in combination, and their accuracy to detect sputum eosinophilia depends on cut-off values. The demonstration of eosinophils in sputum is no guarantee for response to treatment with current biological agents targeting Type 2 inflammation, because several molecular pathways may lead to eosinophilic inflammation. In the near future, the results of large trials using 'omics' technologies will certainly identify new, more 'upstream' biomarkers of eosinophilic inflammation, that will ultimately lead to the ideal targeted treatment for patients with eosinophilic asthma. Expert commentary: Of currently used surrogate markers to diagnose eosinophilic asthma, blood eosinophils and FeNO have the highest diagnostic accuracy, in particular if used in combination to rule in or rule out eosinophilic asthma. For patients who cannot be classified by these biomarkers alone, the clinical profile may be of help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Coumou
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H Bel
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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184
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Danyal K, de Jong W, O'Brien E, Bauer RA, Heppner DE, Little AC, Hristova M, Habibovic A, van der Vliet A. Acrolein and thiol-reactive electrophiles suppress allergen-induced innate airway epithelial responses by inhibition of DUOX1 and EGFR. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L913-L923. [PMID: 27612966 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00276.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrolein is a major thiol-reactive component of cigarette smoke (CS) that is thought to contribute to increased asthma incidence associated with smoking. Here, we explored the effects of acute acrolein exposure on innate airway responses to two common airborne allergens, house dust mite and Alternaria alternata, and observed that acrolein exposure of C57BL/6 mice (5 ppm, 4 h) dramatically inhibited innate airway responses to subsequent allergen challenge, demonstrated by attenuated release of the epithelial-derived cytokines IL-33, IL-25, and IL-1α. Acrolein and other anti-inflammatory thiol-reactive electrophiles, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, and sulforaphane, similarly inhibited allergen-induced production of these cytokines from human or murine airway epithelial cells in vitro. Based on our previous observations indicating the importance of Ca2+-dependent signaling, activation of the NADPH oxidase DUOX1, and Src/EGFR-dependent signaling in allergen-induced epithelial secretion of these cytokines, we explored the impact of acrolein on these pathways. Acrolein and other thiol-reactive electrophiles were found to dramatically prevent allergen-induced activation of DUOX1 as well as EGFR, and acrolein was capable of inhibiting EGFR tyrosine kinase activity via modification of C797. Biotin-labeling strategies indicated increased cysteine modification and carbonylation of Src, EGFR, as well as DUOX1, in response to acrolein exposure in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that direct alkylation of these proteins on accessible cysteine residues may be responsible for their inhibition. Collectively, our findings indicate a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of CS-derived acrolein and other thiol-reactive electrophiles, by directly inhibiting DUOX1- and EGFR-mediated airway epithelial responses to airborne allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Willem de Jong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Edmund O'Brien
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Robert A Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andrew C Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Aida Habibovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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185
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Jairaman A, Maguire CH, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Allergens stimulate store-operated calcium entry and cytokine production in airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32311. [PMID: 27604412 PMCID: PMC5015156 DOI: 10.1038/srep32311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant immune responses to environmental allergens including insect allergens from house dust mites and cockroaches contribute to allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma in susceptible individuals. Airway epithelial cells (AECs) play a critical role in this process by sensing the proteolytic activity of allergens via protease-activated receptors (PAR2) to initiate inflammatory and immune responses in the airway. Elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is an important signaling event in this process, yet the fundamental mechanism by which allergens induce Ca2+ elevations in AECs remains poorly understood. Here we find that extracts from dust mite and cockroach induce sustained Ca2+ elevations in AECs through the activation of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels encoded by Orai1 and STIM1. CRAC channel activation occurs, at least in part, through allergen mediated stimulation of PAR2 receptors. The ensuing Ca2+ entry then activates NFAT/calcineurin signaling to induce transcriptional production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. These findings highlight a key role for CRAC channels as regulators of allergen induced inflammatory responses in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Chelsea H Maguire
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, Chicago, USA
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186
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Yang HJ. Impact of perinatal environmental tobacco smoke on the development of childhood allergic diseases. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2016; 59:319-27. [PMID: 27610180 PMCID: PMC5014911 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.8.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, are most common chronic, noncommunicable diseases in childhood. In the past few decades, the prevalence has increased abruptly worldwide. There are 2 possible explanations for the rising prevalence of allergic diseases worldwide, that an increased disease-awareness of physician, patient, or caregivers, and an abrupt exposure to unknown hazards. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Despite the continuing efforts worldwide, the etiologies and rising prevalence remain unclear. Thus, it is important to identify and control risk factors in the susceptible individual for the best prevention and management. Genetic susceptibility or environments may be a potential background for the development of allergic disease, however they alone cannot explain the rising prevalence worldwide. There is growing evidence that epigenetic change depends on the gene, environment, and their interactions, may induce a long-lasting altered gene expression and the consequent development of allergic diseases. In epigenetic mechanisms, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during critical period (i.e., during pregnancy and early life) are considered as a potential cause of the development of childhood allergic diseases. However, the causal relationship is still unclear. This review aimed to highlight the impact of ETS exposure during the perinatal period on the development of childhood allergic diseases and to propose a future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jong Yang
- Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Center, Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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187
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Chinthrajah RS, Hernandez JD, Boyd SD, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and food tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:984-997. [PMID: 27059726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of innocuous antigens, including food proteins, normally results in local and systemic immune nonresponsiveness in a process termed oral tolerance. Oral tolerance to food proteins is likely to be intimately linked to mechanisms that are responsible for gastrointestinal tolerance to large numbers of commensal microbes. Here we review our current understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for oral tolerance and how perturbations in these mechanisms might promote the loss of oral tolerance and development of food allergies. Roles for the commensal microbiome in promoting oral tolerance and the association of intestinal dysbiosis with food allergy are discussed. Growing evidence supports cutaneous sensitization to food antigens as one possible mechanism leading to the failure to develop or loss of oral tolerance. A goal of immunotherapy for food allergies is to induce sustained desensitization or even true long-term oral tolerance to food allergens through mechanisms that might in part overlap with those associated with the development of natural oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharon Chinthrajah
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Joseph D Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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188
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Bellinghausen I, Saloga J. Analysis of allergic immune responses in humanized mice. Cell Immunol 2016; 308:7-12. [PMID: 27493097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, more than 25% of the population in industrial countries are affected by IgE-mediated (atopic) allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic eczema. Due to intensive research on basis of in vitro studies with human immune cells and different murine in vivo models of allergy fundamental mechanisms of allergic immune responses have been elucidated during the last years. However, human studies are restricted and the immune system of mice differs from the human immune system in several aspects so that the transferability of experimental results from mice to men is limited. Humanized mice represent a new tool to analyze the interaction of human immune cells under physiological conditions as far as possible, particularly to test novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the impact of humanized mouse models for the investigation and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Bochkov YA, Gern JE. Rhinoviruses and Their Receptors: Implications for Allergic Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:30. [PMID: 26960297 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are picornaviruses that can cause a variety of illnesses including the common cold, lower respiratory tract illnesses such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and exacerbations of asthma. RVs are classified into three species, RV-A, B, and C, which include over 160 types. They utilize three major types of cellular membrane glycoproteins to gain entry into the host cell: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (the majority of RV-A and all RV-B), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family members (12 RV-A types), and cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) (RV-C). CDHR3 is a member of cadherin superfamily of transmembrane proteins with yet unknown biological function, and there is relatively little information available about the mechanisms of RV-C interaction with CDHR3. A coding single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6967330) in CDHR3 could promote RV-C infections and illnesses in infancy, which could in turn adversely affect the developing lung to increase the risk of asthma. Further studies are needed to determine how RV infections contribute to pathogenesis of asthma and to develop the optimal treatment approach to control asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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190
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Tashiro H, Takahashi K, Hayashi S, Kato G, Kurata K, Kimura S, Sueoka-Aragane N. Interleukin-33 from Monocytes Recruited to the Lung Contributes to House Dust Mite-Induced Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157571. [PMID: 27310495 PMCID: PMC4910993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-33 (IL-33) activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), resulting in T-helper-2 inflammation in bronchial asthma. Airway epithelial cells were reported as sources of IL-33 during apoptosis and necrosis. However, IL-33 is known to be from sources other than airway epithelial cells such as leukocytes, and the mechanisms of IL-33 production and release are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of IL-33 production by monocytes in airway inflammation. Methods BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with a house dust mite (HDM) preparation. Airway inflammation was assessed by quantifying inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels in lung. Immunohistochemistry for IL-33 in lung sections was also performed. Ly6c, CD11b, and CD11c expression was examined by flow cytometry. Clodronate liposomes were used in the HDM-airway inflammation model to deplete circulating monocytes. Results The IL-33, but not IL-25 or TSLP, level in lung homogenates was markedly increased in HDM mice compared to control mice. IL-33-positive cells in the lungs were identified using immunohistochemistry and were increased in areas surrounding bronchi and vasculature. Furthermore, IL-33 levels were increased in mononuclear cells derived from lungs of HDM mice compared to controls. The expression of Ly6c in mononuclear cells was significantly higher in HDM mice than in controls. Treatment with clodronate liposomes led to inhibition of not only inflammatory cells in BAL fluid, airway hyper reactivity and Th2 cytokines in lung, but also IL-33 in lung. Conclusion IL-33 from monocytes recruited to the lung may contribute to the pathogenesis of HDM-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tashiro
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shinichiro Hayashi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Go Kato
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keigo Kurata
- Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoko Sueoka-Aragane
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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191
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Honda K, Wada H, Nakamura M, Nakamoto K, Inui T, Sada M, Koide T, Takata S, Yokoyama T, Saraya T, Kurai D, Ishii H, Goto H, Takizawa H. IL-17A synergistically stimulates TNF-α-induced IL-8 production in human airway epithelial cells: A potential role in amplifying airway inflammation. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:205-16. [PMID: 27269887 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2016.1190796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have suggested an involvement of neutrophilic inflammation driven by interleukin (IL)-17 from Th17 cells, especially in severe, refractory asthma. It remains unknown about the possible interactions of this cytokine and other proinflammatory cytokines to direct neutrophilic airway inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the effects of IL-17A, IL-17E, and IL-17F in combination with other stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α on the production and expression of IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial cells. We also studied their effects on other cytokine production. The possible role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways was evaluated by specific inhibitors. We examined the effects of anti-asthma drugs, such as steroids or salmeterol. RESULTS IL-17A alone induced only a minimal effect on IL-8 expression. IL-17A, but not IL-17E or IL-17F, in combination with TNF-α showed a synergistic effect on IL-8 expression. Similar findings were found when combination with IL-1β and IL-17A were used, but such was not the case with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, we further found such synergy on GM-CSF production. The synergy with TNF-α and IL-17A was significantly inhibited by MAPKs inhibitors. Corticosteroids such as fluticasone propionate and dexamethasone, but not salmeterol, partially suppressed the IL-17A and TNF-α-induced IL-8 production. CONCLUSIONS IL-17A in the combination with TNF-α or IL-1β showed a synergistic augmenting effect on IL-8 and GM-CSF production in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Honda
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroo Wada
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masuo Nakamura
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Keitaro Nakamoto
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Toshiya Inui
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sada
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Koide
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Saori Takata
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takuma Yokoyama
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeshi Saraya
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurai
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Haruyuki Ishii
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hajime Goto
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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192
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Cao PP, Shi LL, Xu K, Yao Y, Liu Z. Dendritic cells in inflammatory sinonasal diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:894-906. [PMID: 27159777 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many immune and inflammatory diseases as well as the development of tumours. The role of DCs in the pathophysiology of lung diseases has been widely studied. However, the phenotype, subset and function of DCs in upper airways under physiological or pathological conditions remain largely undefined. Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are two important upper airway diseases with a high worldwide prevalence. Aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses have been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AR and CRS. To this end, understanding the function of DCs in shaping the immune responses in sinonasal mucosa is critical in exploring the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AR and CRS as well as in developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the phenotype, subset, function and regulation of DCs in sinonasal mucosa, particularly in the setting of AR and CRS. Furthermore, this review discusses the perspectives for future research and potential clinical utility focusing on DC pathways in the context of AR and CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-P Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L-L Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - K Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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193
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) lie at the heart of the innate immune system, specialised at recognising danger signals in many forms including foreign material, infection or tissue damage and initiating powerful adaptive immune and inflammatory responses. In barrier sites such as the lung, the instrumental role that DCs play at the interface between the environment and the host places them in a pivotal position in determining the severity of inflammatory disease. The past few years has seen a significant increase in our fundamental understanding of the subsets of DCs involved in pulmonary immunity, as well as the mechanisms by which they are activated and which they may use to coordinate downstream inflammation and pathology. In this review, we will summarise current understanding of the multi-faceted role that DCs play in the induction, maintenance and regulation of lung immunopathology, with an emphasis on allergic pulmonary disease.
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194
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Porsbjerg C, Baines K, Gibson P, Bergqvist A, Erjefält JS, Sverrild A, Backer V. IL-33 is related to innate immune activation and sensitization to HDM in mild steroid-free asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:564-74. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Porsbjerg
- Respiratory Research Unit; Bispebjerg Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. Baines
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease; The University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - P. Gibson
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease; The University of Newcastle; Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - A. Bergqvist
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology and Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - J. S. Erjefält
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology and Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - A. Sverrild
- Respiratory Research Unit; Bispebjerg Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - V. Backer
- Respiratory Research Unit; Bispebjerg Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
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195
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Hoffmann F, Ender F, Schmudde I, Lewkowich IP, Köhl J, König P, Laumonnier Y. Origin, Localization, and Immunoregulatory Properties of Pulmonary Phagocytes in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2016; 7:107. [PMID: 27047494 PMCID: PMC4803735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that is driven by maladaptive T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 immune responses against harmless, airborne substances. Pulmonary phagocytes represent the first line of defense in the lung where they constantly sense the local environment for potential threats. They comprise two distinct cell types, i.e., macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) that differ in their origins and functions. Alveolar macrophages quickly take up most of the inhaled allergens, yet do not deliver their cargo to naive T cells sampling in draining lymph nodes. In contrast, pulmonary DCs instruct CD4(+) T cells develop into Th2 and Th17 effectors, initiating the maladaptive immune responses toward harmless environmental substances observed in allergic individuals. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying this mistaken identity of harmless, airborne substances by innate immune cells is one of the great challenges in asthma research. The identification of different pulmonary DC subsets, their role in antigen uptake, migration to the draining lymph nodes, and their potential to instruct distinct T cell responses has set the stage to unravel this mystery. However, at this point, a detailed understanding of the spatiotemporal resolution of DC subset localization, allergen uptake, processing, autocrine and paracrine cellular crosstalk, and the humoral factors that define the activation status of DCs is still lacking. In addition to DCs, at least two distinct macrophage populations have been identified in the lung that are either located in the airway/alveolar lumen or in the interstitium. Recent data suggest that such populations can exert either pro- or anti-inflammatory functions. Similar to the DC subsets, detailed insights into the individual roles of alveolar and interstitial macrophages during the different phases of asthma development are still missing. Here, we will provide an update on the current understanding of the origin, localization, and function of the diverse pulmonary antigen-presenting cell subsets, in particular with regard to the development and regulation of allergic asthma. While most data are from mouse models of experimental asthma, we have also included available human data to judge the translational value of the findings obtained in experimental asthma models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Ender
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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196
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Tung HY, Landers C, Li E, Porter P, Kheradmand F, Corry DB. Allergen-encoded signals that control allergic responses. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 16:51-8. [PMID: 26658015 PMCID: PMC4863991 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to review the important recent advances made in how innate immune cells, microbes, and the environment contribute to the expression of allergic disease, emphasizing the allergen-related signals that drive allergic responses. RECENT FINDINGS The last few years have seen crucial advances in how innate immune cells such as innate lymphoid cells group 2 and airway epithelial cells and related molecular pathways through organismal proteinases and innate immune cytokines, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, and IL-33 contribute to allergy and asthma. Simultaneously with these advances, important progress has been made in our understanding of how the environment, and especially pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, helminths, and especially fungi derived from the natural and built environments, either promote or inhibit allergic inflammation and disease. Of specific interest are how lipopolysaccharide mediates its antiallergic effect through the ubiquitin modifying factor A20 and the antiallergic activity of both helminths and protozoa. SUMMARY Innate immune cells and molecular pathways, often activated by allergen-derived proteinases acting on airway epithelium and macrophages as well as additional unknown factors, are essential to the expression of allergic inflammation and disease. These findings suggest numerous future research opportunities and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Tung
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cameron Landers
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Evan Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Porter
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David B. Corry
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, Texas, USA
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197
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Williams PB, Barnes CS, Portnoy JM. Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to Fungal Products and Allergens. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:386-95. [PMID: 26755096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fungi and their products is practically ubiquitous, yet most of this is of little consequence to most healthy individuals. This is because there are a number of elaborate mechanisms to deal with these exposures. Most of these mechanisms are designed to recognize and neutralize such exposures. However, in understanding these mechanisms it has become clear that many of them overlap with our ability to respond to disruptions in tissue function caused by trauma or deterioration. These responses involve the innate and adaptive immune systems usually through the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and the production of cytokines that are considered inflammatory accompanied by other factors that can moderate these reactivities. Depending on different genetic backgrounds and the extent of activation of these mechanisms, various pathologies with resulting symptoms can ensue. Complicating this is the fact that these mechanisms can bias toward type 2 innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, to understand what we refer to as allergens from fungal sources, we must first understand how they influence these innate mechanisms. In doing so it has become clear that many of the proteins that are described as fungal allergens are essentially homologues of our own proteins that signal or cause tissue disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brock Williams
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Charles S Barnes
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Mo
| | - Jay M Portnoy
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Mo.
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198
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Abstract
Since rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease, cytokines as key regulators of inflammation play a central role in its pathophysiology. In acute rhinosinusitis, several proinflammatory cytokines of different types have been identified. Initial information about the involvement of the inflammasome in rhinosinusitis has been gained, but this area remains open for more detailed research. Although it has been accepted now that chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) needs to be differentiated into CRS with and without nasal polyps, it has become clear that this distinction is insufficient to clearly define subgroups with uniform pathophysiology and cytokine patterns. While Th1-cytokines are mostly found in CRSsNP and Th2 cytokines in CRSwNP, there is a substantial overlap, and several other cytokines have also been detected. Attempts to identify CRS endotypes based on cytokines are ongoing but not yet generally accepted. Despite the central role of cytokines in rhinosinusitis, no specific cytokine-targeted therapies are currently available, and only very few studies have specifically addressed the effects of such biologicals in rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Martin Wagenmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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199
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Allergic Inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Fungal Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:59. [PMID: 26288940 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although fungi are pervasive in many environments, few cause disease in humans. Of these, Aspergillus fumigatus is particularly well suited to be a pathogen of the human lung. Its physical and biological characteristics combine to provide an organism that can cause tremendous morbidity and high mortality if left unchecked. Luckily, that is rarely the case. However, repeated exposure to inhaled A. fumigatus spores often results in an immune response that carries significant immunopathology, exacerbating asthma and changing the structure of the lung with chronic impacts to pulmonary function. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms that are associated with fungal exposure, sensitization, and infection in asthmatics, as well as the function of various inflammatory cells associated with severe asthma with fungal sensitization.
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200
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Froidure A, Mouthuy J, Durham SR, Chanez P, Sibille Y, Pilette C. Asthma phenotypes and IgE responses. Eur Respir J 2015; 47:304-19. [PMID: 26677936 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01824-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of IgE represented a major breakthrough in allergy and asthma research, whereas the clinical interest given to IgE in asthma has been blurred until the arrival of anti-IgE biotherapy. Novel facets of the complex link between IgE and asthma have been highlighted by the effect of this treatment and by basic research. In parallel, asthma phenotyping recently evolved to the concept of endotypes, relying on identified/suspected pathobiological mechanisms to phenotype patients, but has not yet clearly positioned IgE among biomarkers of asthma.In this review, we first summarise recent knowledge about the regulation of IgE production and its main receptor, FcεRI. In addition to allergens acting as classical IgE inducers, viral infections as well as air pollution may trigger the IgE pathway, notably resetting the threshold of IgE sensitivity by regulating FcεRI expression. We then analyse the place of IgE in different asthma endo/phenotypes and discuss the potential interest of IgE among biomarkers in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Froidure
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium Dept of Chest Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jonathan Mouthuy
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium Dept of Chest Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pascal Chanez
- INSERM U 1067, CNRS UMR 7333 Aix Marseille Université and Dépt des Maladies Respiratoires, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Sibille
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium Dept of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels and Walloon Institute for Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Belgium Dept of Chest Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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