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Zhao W, Yang XQ, Zhang QS, Tan Y, Liu Z, Ma MY, Wang MX, Xu B. Photoinactivation of the oxygen-evolving complex regulates the photosynthetic strategy of the seagrass Zostera marina. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 222:112259. [PMID: 34274827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Zostera marina, a widespread seagrass, evolved from a freshwater ancestor of terrestrial monocots and successfully transitioned into a completely submerged seagrass. We found that its oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) was partially inactivated in response to light exposure, as evidenced by both the increment of the relative variable fluorescence at the K-step and the downregulation of the OEC genes and proteins. This photosynthetic regulation was further addressed at both proteome and physiology levels by an in vivo study. The unchanged content of the ΔpH sensor PsbS protein and the non-photochemical quenching induction dynamics, described by a single exponential function, verified the absence of the fast qE component. Contents and activities of chlororespiration, Mehler reaction, malic acid synthesis, and photorespiration key enzymes were not upregulated, suggesting that alternative electron flows remained unactivated. Furthermore, neither significant production of singlet oxygen nor increment of total antioxidative capacity indicated that reactive oxygen species were not produced during light exposure. In summary, these low electron consumptions may allow Z. marina to efficiently use the limited electrons caused by partial OEC photoinactivation to maintain a normal carbon assimilation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | | | - Ying Tan
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Ming-Yu Ma
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Meng-Xin Wang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
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152
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Dobson Z, Ahad S, Vanlandingham J, Toporik H, Vaughn N, Vaughn M, Williams D, Reppert M, Fromme P, Mazor Y. The structure of photosystem I from a high-light-tolerant cyanobacteria. eLife 2021; 10:e67518. [PMID: 34435952 PMCID: PMC8428864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have adapted to survive a myriad of extreme environments from the earth's deserts to its poles, yet the proteins that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis are highly conserved from the cyanobacteria to modern day crops. To investigate adaptations of the photosynthetic machinery in cyanobacteria to excessive light stress, we isolated a new strain of cyanobacteria, Cyanobacterium aponinum 0216, from the extreme light environment of the Sonoran Desert. Here we report the biochemical characterization and the 2.7 Å resolution structure of trimeric photosystem I from this high-light-tolerant cyanobacterium. The structure shows a new conformation of the PsaL C-terminus that supports trimer formation of cyanobacterial photosystem I. The spectroscopic analysis of this photosystem I revealed a decrease in far-red absorption, which is attributed to a decrease in the number of long- wavelength chlorophylls. Using these findings, we constructed two chimeric PSIs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 demonstrating how unique structural features in photosynthetic complexes can change spectroscopic properties, allowing organisms to thrive under different environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Dobson
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Safa Ahad
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Jackson Vanlandingham
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Hila Toporik
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Natalie Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Vaughn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Dewight Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Michael Reppert
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Yuval Mazor
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- BiodesignCenter for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
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153
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Storage of carbon reserves in spruce trees is prioritized over growth in the face of carbon limitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023297118. [PMID: 34389667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023297118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to pose a global threat to forest health by intensifying extreme events like drought and insect attacks. Carbon allocation is a fundamental process that determines the adaptive responses of long-lived late-maturing organisms like trees to such stresses. However, our mechanistic understanding of how trees coordinate and set allocation priorities among different sinks (e.g., growth and storage) under severe source limitation remains limited. Using flux measurements, isotopic tracing, targeted metabolomics, and transcriptomics, we investigated how limitation of source supply influences sink activity, particularly growth and carbon storage, and their relative regulation in Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones. During photosynthetic deprivation, absolute rates of respiration, growth, and allocation to storage all decline. When trees approach neutral carbon balance, i.e., daytime net carbon gain equals nighttime carbon loss, genes encoding major enzymes of metabolic pathways remain relatively unaffected. However, under negative carbon balance, photosynthesis and growth are down-regulated while sucrose and starch biosynthesis pathways are up-regulated, indicating that trees prioritize carbon allocation to storage over growth. Moreover, trees under negative carbon balance actively increase the turnover rate of starch, lipids, and amino acids, most likely to support respiration and mitigate stress. Our study provides molecular evidence that trees faced with severe photosynthetic limitation strategically regulate storage allocation and consumption at the expense of growth. Understanding such allocation strategies is crucial for predicting how trees may respond to extreme events involving steep declines in photosynthesis, like severe drought, or defoliation by heat waves, late frost, or insect attack.
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154
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Rai P, Singh VP, Peralta-Videa J, Tripathi DK, Sharma S, Corpas FJ. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) underpins the beneficial silicon effects against the copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) phytotoxicity in Oryza sativa seedlings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:124907. [PMID: 34088169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-pollution has associated severe negative effects on crop productivity. Hence, methods are needed to alleviate nano-toxicity in crop plants. The present study aims to evaluate if the exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) application in combination with silicon (Si) could palliate the harmful effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). Fifteen day-old rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were used as a model plant. The results indicate that simultaneous exogenous addition of 10 μM Si and 100 μM NaHS (as an H2S donor) provided tolerance and enhanced defence mechanism of the rice seedlings against 100 μM CuO NPs. Thus, it was observed in terms of their growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, the content of non-enzymatic components, chlorophyll fluorescence and up-regulation of antioxidant genes. Si and NaHS stimulated gene expression of silicon (Lsi1 and Lsi2) and auxin (PIN5 and PIN10) transporters. Taken together, data indicate that H2S underpins the beneficial Si effects in rice seedlings against the oxidative stress triggers by CuO NPs, and stimulation of enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle being the main factor for the beneficial effects triggered by the couple of Si and H2S. Therefore, it could be concluded that the simultaneous application of Si and H2S promote the resilience of the rice seedlings against the oxidative stress induced by CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, UP, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Jose Peralta-Videa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, UP, India.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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155
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Luo Q, Li Y, Wu Z, Wang X, Wang C, Shan Y, Sun L. Phytotoxicity of tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate in soil and its uptake and accumulation by pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L. cv. SuZhou). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130347. [PMID: 33780681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated physiological and biochemical changes in pakchoi at different growth stages (25 and 50 d) under different tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) treatments (10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg kg-1). The uptake and accumulation of TCIPP by pakchoi and variation of TCIPP speciation in soil were also determined. TCIPP decreased the length and fresh weight of pakchoi root compared with those in blank controls, and this effect was significant when the concentration of TCIPP was higher than 100 μg kg-1. The fresh weight of pakchoi stems and leaves, the chlorophyll content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase in the leaves first increased and then decreased with increasing TCIPP concentration. The inflection point of the variation in these indices was 100 μg kg-1 TCIPP in soil. The contents of proline and malondialdehyde increased continuously with increasing TCIPP concentration. The uptake of TCIPP by pakchoi increased linearly with increasing TCIPP concentration, and the highest TCIPP concentrations in the roots, stems, and leaves were 275.9, 80.0, and 2126.3 μg kg-1, respectively. TCIPP was easily transferred from the roots to leaves of pakchoi, with translocation factor of up to 12.6. The content of bioavailable TCIPP in soil was high, accounting for 46.5%. Planting pakchoi could significantly reduce the content of bioavailable TCIPP, with removal rate of 39.9%-54.1%. After 50 d of planting pakchoi, the removal rate of TCIPP in soil (10.4%-18.6%) was significantly higher than that in the control without plant, but the contribution of phytoextraction was small, accounting for 2.62%-26.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China.
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Zhongping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Yue Shan
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-Remediation of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
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156
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Fatma M, Iqbal N, Sehar Z, Alyemeni MN, Kaushik P, Khan NA, Ahmad P. Methyl Jasmonate Protects the PS II System by Maintaining the Stability of Chloroplast D1 Protein and Accelerating Enzymatic Antioxidants in Heat-Stressed Wheat Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081216. [PMID: 34439464 PMCID: PMC8388886 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of 10 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for the protection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) photosystem II (PS II) against heat stress (HS) was studied. Heat stress was induced at 42 °C to established plants, which were then recovered at 25 °C and monitored during their growth for the study duration. Application of MeJA resulted in increased enzymatic antioxidant activity that reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency. Exogenous MeJA had a beneficial effect on chlorophyll fluorescence under HS and enhanced the pigment system (PS) II system, as observed in a JIP-test, a new tool for chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve. Exogenous MeJA improved the quantum yield of electron transport (ETo/CS) as well as electron transport flux for each reaction center (ET0/RC). However, the specific energy fluxes per reaction center (RC), i.e., TR0/RC (trapping) and DI0/RC (dissipation), were reduced by MeJA. These results indicate that MeJA affects the efficiency of PS II by stabilizing the D1 protein, increasing its abundance, and enhancing the expression of the psbA and psbB genes under HS, which encode proteins of the PS II core RC complex. Thus, MeJA is a potential tool to protect PS II and D1 protein in wheat plants under HS and to accelerate the recovery of the photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Kikugawa Research Station, Yokohama Ueki, 2265, Kamo, Kikugawa City, Shizuoka 439-0031, Japan;
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: or (N.A.K.); or (P.A.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or (N.A.K.); or (P.A.)
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157
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Ghani MU, Asghar HN, Niaz A, Ahmad Zahir Z, Nawaz MF, Häggblom MM. Efficacy of rhizobacteria for degradation of profenofos and improvement in tomato growth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:463-473. [PMID: 34304658 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1952927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used for managing pathogens and pests for sustainable agricultural output to feed around seven billion people worldwide. After their targeted role, residues of these compounds may build up and persist in soils and in the food chain. This study evaluated the efficiency of bacterial strains capable of plant growth promotion and biodegradation of profenofos. To execute this, bacteria were isolated from an agricultural area with a history of repeated application of profenofos. The profenofos degrading bacterial strains with growth-promoting characteristics were identified based on biochemical and molecular approaches through partial 16S ribosomal rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed that one strain, Enterobacter cloacae MUG75, degraded over 90% profenofos after 9 days of incubation. Similarly, plant growth was significantly increased in plants grown in profenofos (100 mg L-1) contaminated soil inoculated with the same strain. The study demonstrated that inoculation of profenofos degrading bacterial strains increased plant growth and profenofos degradation. Novelty statementPesticides are extensively applied in the agriculture sector to overcome pest attacks and to increase food production to fulfill the needs of the growing world population. Residues of these pesticides can persist in the environment for long periods, may enter the groundwater reservoirs and cause harmful effects on living systems highlighting the need for bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments. Microbes can use pesticides as a source of carbon and energy and convert them into less toxic and non-toxic products. Application of profenofos degrading rhizobacteria in interaction with the plants in the rhizosphere can remediate the pesticide-contaminated soils and minimize their uptake into the food chain. Hence, this approach can improve soil health and food quality without compromising the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Naeem Asghar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Niaz
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ahmad Zahir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Max M Häggblom
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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158
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Nguyen HN, Lai N, Kisiala AB, Emery RJN. Isopentenyltransferases as master regulators of crop performance: their function, manipulation, and genetic potential for stress adaptation and yield improvement. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1297-1313. [PMID: 33934489 PMCID: PMC8313133 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) in plants regulates a rate-limiting step of cytokinin (CTK) biosynthesis. IPTs are recognized as key regulators of CTK homeostasis and phytohormone crosstalk in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. Recent research has revealed the regulatory function of IPTs in gene expression and metabolite profiles including source-sink modifications, energy metabolism, nutrient allocation and storage, stress defence and signalling pathways, protein synthesis and transport, and membrane transport. This suggests that IPTs play a crucial role in plant growth and adaptation. In planta studies of IPT-driven modifications indicate that, at a physiological level, IPTs improve stay-green characteristics, delay senescence, reduce stress-induced oxidative damage and protect photosynthetic machinery. Subsequently, these improvements often manifest as enhanced or stabilized crop yields and this is especially apparent under environmental stress. These mechanisms merit consideration of the IPTs as 'master regulators' of core cellular metabolic pathways, thus adjusting plant homeostasis/adaptive responses to altered environmental stresses, to maximize yield potential. If their expression can be adequately controlled, both spatially and temporally, IPTs can be a key driver for seed yield. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of recent findings on how IPTs influence plant stress physiology and yield, and we highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nhan Lai
- School of BiotechnologyVietnam National UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
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159
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Heinemann B, Hildebrandt TM. The role of amino acid metabolism in signaling and metabolic adaptation to stress-induced energy deficiency in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4634-4645. [PMID: 33993299 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of plant metabolism to stress-induced energy deficiency involves profound changes in amino acid metabolism. Anabolic reactions are suppressed, whereas respiratory pathways that use amino acids as alternative substrates are activated. This review highlights recent progress in unraveling the stress-induced amino acid oxidation pathways, their regulation, and the role of amino acids as signaling molecules. We present an updated map of the degradation pathways for lysine and the branched-chain amino acids. The regulation of amino acid metabolism during energy deprivation, including the coordinated induction of several catabolic pathways, is mediated by the balance between TOR and SnRK signaling. Recent findings indicate that some amino acids might act as nutrient signals in TOR activation and thus promote a shift from catabolic to anabolic pathways. The metabolism of the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine is highly interconnected with TOR and SnRK signaling. Mechanistic details have recently been elucidated for cysteine signaling during the abscisic acid-dependent drought response. Local cysteine synthesis triggers abscisic acid production and, in addition, cysteine degradation produces the gaseous messenger hydrogen sulfide, which promotes stomatal closure via protein persulfidation. Amino acid signaling in plants is still an emerging topic with potential for fundamental discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Heinemann
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Department of Plant Proteomics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tatjana M Hildebrandt
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Department of Plant Proteomics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße, Hannover, Germany
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160
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Verbraeken L, Wuyts N, Mertens S, Cannoot B, Maleux K, Demuynck K, De Block J, Merchie J, Dhondt S, Bonaventure G, Crafts-Brandner S, Vogel J, Bruce W, Inzé D, Maere S, Nelissen H. Drought affects the rate and duration of organ growth but not inter-organ growth coordination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1336-1353. [PMID: 33788927 PMCID: PMC8195526 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought at flowering and grain filling greatly reduces maize (Zea mays) yield. Climate change is causing earlier and longer-lasting periods of drought, which affect the growth of multiple maize organs throughout development. To study how long periods of water deficit impact the dynamic nature of growth, and to determine how these relate to reproductive drought, we employed a high-throughput phenotyping platform featuring precise irrigation, imaging systems, and image-based biomass estimations. Prolonged drought resulted in a reduction of growth rate of individual organs-though an extension of growth duration partially compensated for this-culminating in lower biomass and delayed flowering. However, long periods of drought did not affect the highly organized succession of maximal growth rates of the distinct organs, i.e. leaves, stems, and ears. Two drought treatments negatively affected distinct seed yield components: Prolonged drought mainly reduced the number of spikelets, and drought during the reproductive period increased the anthesis-silking interval. The identification of these divergent biomass and yield components, which were affected by the shift in duration and intensity of drought, will facilitate trait-specific breeding toward future climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Verbraeken
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wuyts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stien Mertens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirin Demuynck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Merchie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Author for communication:
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161
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Rabara RC, Msanne J, Basu S, Ferrer MC, Roychoudhury A. Coping with inclement weather conditions due to high temperature and water deficit in rice: An insight from genetic and biochemical perspectives. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:487-504. [PMID: 33179306 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climatic fluctuations, temperature extremes, and water scarcity are becoming increasingly unpredictable with the passage of time. Such environmental atrocities have been the scourge of agriculture over the ages, bringing with them poor harvests and threat of famine. Rice production, owing to its high-water requirement for cultivation, is highly vulnerable to the threat of changing climate, particularly prolonged drought and high temperature, individually or in combination. Amidst all the abiotic stresses, heat and drought are considered as the most important concurrent stressors, largely affecting rice yield and productivity under the current scenario. Such threats heighten the need for new breeding and cultivation strategies in generating abiotic stress-resilient rice varieties with better yield potential. Responses of rice to these stresses can be categorized at the morphological, physiological and biochemical levels. This review examines the physiological and molecular mechanism, in the form of up regulation of several defense machineries of rice varieties to cope with drought stress (DS), high temperature stress (HTS), and their combination (DS-HTS). Genotypic differences among rice varieties in their tolerance ability have also been addressed. The review also appraises research studies conducted in rice regarding various phenotypic traits, genetic loci and response mechanisms to stress conditions to help craft new breeding strategies for improved tolerance to DS and HTS, singly or in combination. The review also encompasses the gene regulatory networks and transcription factors, and their cross-talks in mediating tolerance to such stresses. Understanding the epigenetic regulation, involving DNA methylation and histone modification during such hostile situations, will also play a crucial role in our comprehensive understanding of combinatorial stress responses. Taken together, this review consolidates current research and available information on promising rice cultivars with desirable traits as well as advocates synergistic and complementary approaches in molecular and systems biology to develop new rice breeds that favorably respond to DS-HTS-induced abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel C Rabara
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joseph Msanne
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Supratim Basu
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Marilyn C Ferrer
- Genetic Resources Division, Philippine Rice Research Institute, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Aryadeep Roychoudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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162
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Zhao W, Zhang QS, Tan Y, Liu Z, Ma MY, Wang MX, Luo CY. An underlying mechanism of qE deficiency in marine angiosperm Zostera marina. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 148:87-99. [PMID: 33934290 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II (PSII) fluorescence is one of the most important protective mechanisms enabling the survival of phototropic organisms under high-light conditions. A low-efficiency NPQ, characterized by weak NPQ induction capacity and a low level of protective NPQ, was observed in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina, which inhabits the shallow water regions. Furthermore, chlorophyll fluorescence and Western blot analysis verified that the fast-inducted component of NPQ, i.e., the energy-dependent quenching (qE), was not present in this species. In contrast with the lack of PSII antenna quenching sites for qE induction in brown algae and the lack of functional XC in Ulvophyceae belonging to green algae, all the antenna proteins and the functional XC are present in Z. marina. A novel underlying mechanism was observed that the limited construction of the trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) caused by photoinactivation of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) did not induce protonation of PsbS, thus explaining the inability to form quenching sites for qE induction. Although the ΔpH established under light exposure activated violaxanthin (V) de-epoxidase enzyme to catalyze conversion of V via antheraxanthin (A) and then to zeaxanthin (Z), the quenching capacity of de-epoxidized pigment was weak in Z. marina. We suggest that the low-efficiency NPQ was conducive to efficiently utilize the limited electrons to perform photosynthesis, resisting the adverse effect of OEC photoinactivation on the photosynthetic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Sheng Zhang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Tan
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yu Ma
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xin Wang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ying Luo
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
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163
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Levin G, Kulikovsky S, Liveanu V, Eichenbaum B, Meir A, Isaacson T, Tadmor Y, Adir N, Schuster G. The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1260-1277. [PMID: 33725388 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. One of the main processes that limits photosynthesis is photoinhibition, the process of light-induced photodamage. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that is dissipated by photosynthetic electron flow and other processes, damaging radicals are formed that mostly inactivate photosystem II (PSII). Damaged PSII must be replaced by a newly repaired complex in order to preserve full photosynthetic activity. Chlorella ohadii is a green microalga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, that thrives under extreme high light and is highly resistant to photoinhibition. Therefore, C. ohadii is an ideal model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying protection against photoinhibition. Comparison of the thylakoids of C. ohadii cells that were grown under low light versus extreme high light intensities found that the alga employs all three known photoinhibition protection mechanisms: (i) massive reduction of the PSII antenna size; (ii) accumulation of protective carotenoids; and (iii) very rapid repair of photodamaged reaction center proteins. This work elucidated the molecular mechanisms of photoinhibition resistance in one of the most light-tolerant photosynthetic organisms, and shows how photoinhibition protection mechanisms evolved to marginal conditions, enabling photosynthesis-dependent life in severe habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Levin
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Ayala Meir
- Department of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Tal Isaacson
- Department of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Department of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Gadi Schuster
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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164
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Jia X, Gong X, Jia X, Li X, Wang Y, Wang P, Huo L, Sun X, Che R, Li T, Zou Y, Ma F. Overexpression of MdATG8i Enhances Drought Tolerance by Alleviating Oxidative Damage and Promoting Water Uptake in Transgenic Apple. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115517. [PMID: 34073724 PMCID: PMC8197189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit adversely affects apple (Malus domestica) productivity on the Loess Plateau. Autophagy plays a key role in plant responses to unfavorable environmental conditions. Previously, we demonstrated that a core apple autophagy-related protein, MdATG8i, was responsive to various stresses at the transcript level. Here, we investigated the function of this gene in the response of apple to severe drought and found that its overexpression (OE) significantly enhanced drought tolerance. Under drought conditions, MdATG8iOE apple plants exhibited less drought-related damage and maintained higher photosynthetic capacities compared with the wild type (WT). The accumulation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) was lower in OE plants under drought stress and was accompanied by higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Besides, OE plants accumulated lower amounts of insoluble or oxidized proteins but greater amounts of amino acids and flavonoid under severe drought stress, probably due to their enhanced autophagic activities. Particularly, MdATG8iOE plants showed higher root hydraulic conductivity than WT plants did under drought conditions, indicating the enhanced ability of water uptake. In summary, the overexpression of MdATG8i alleviated oxidative damage, modulated amino acid metabolism and flavonoid synthesis, and improved root water uptake, ultimately contributing to enhanced drought tolerance in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xumei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xianpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Runmin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Yangjun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.M.)
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.J.); (X.G.); (X.J.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (P.W.); (L.H.); (R.C.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.M.)
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165
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Hounslow E, Evans CA, Pandhal J, Sydney T, Couto N, Pham TK, Gilmour DJ, Wright PC. Quantitative proteomic comparison of salt stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis reveals mechanisms for salt-triggered fatty acid accumulation via reallocation of carbon resources. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34022944 PMCID: PMC8141184 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model green alga strain for molecular studies; its fully sequenced genome has enabled omic-based analyses that have been applied to better understand its metabolic responses to stress. Here, we characterised physiological and proteomic changes between a low-starch C. reinhardtii strain and the snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis, to reveal insights into their contrasting responses to salinity stress. RESULTS Each strain was grown in conditions tailored to their growth requirements to encourage maximal fatty acid (as a proxy measure of lipid) production, with internal controls to allow comparison points. In 0.2 M NaCl, C. nivalis accumulates carbohydrates up to 10.4% DCW at 80 h, and fatty acids up to 52.0% dry cell weight (DCW) over 12 days, however, C. reinhardtii does not show fatty acid accumulation over time, and shows limited carbohydrate accumulation up to 5.5% DCW. Analysis of the C. nivalis fatty acid profiles showed that salt stress improved the biofuel qualities over time. Photosynthesis and respiration rates are reduced in C. reinhardtii relative to C. nivalis in response to 0.2 M NaCl. De novo sequencing and homology matching was used in conjunction with iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis to identify and relatively quantify proteomic alterations in cells exposed to salt stress. There were abundance differences in proteins associated with stress, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism proteins. In terms of lipid synthesis, salt stress induced an increase in dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase in C. nivalis (1.1-fold change), whilst levels in C. reinhardtii remained unaffected; this enzyme is involved in acetyl CoA production and has been linked to TAG accumulation in microalgae. In salt-stressed C. nivalis there were decreases in the abundance of UDP-sulfoquinovose (- 1.77-fold change), which is involved in sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol metabolism, and in citrate synthase (- 2.7-fold change), also involved in the TCA cycle. Decreases in these enzymes have been shown to lead to increased TAG production as fatty acid biosynthesis is favoured. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018148. CONCLUSIONS These differences in protein abundance have given greater understanding of the mechanism by which salt stress promotes fatty acid accumulation in the un-sequenced microalga C. nivalis as it switches to a non-growth state, whereas C. reinhardtii does not have this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hounslow
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C A Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - J Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - T Sydney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - N Couto
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - T K Pham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - D James Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - P C Wright
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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166
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Bapatla RB, Saini D, Aswani V, Rajsheel P, Sunil B, Timm S, Raghavendra AS. Modulation of Photorespiratory Enzymes by Oxidative and Photo-Oxidative Stress Induced by Menadione in Leaves of Pea ( Pisum sativum). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050987. [PMID: 34063541 PMCID: PMC8156035 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, is concerted across four subcellular compartments, namely, chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion, and the cytoplasm. It is unclear how the pathway located in different subcellular compartments respond to stress occurring exclusively in one of those. We attempted to assess the inter-organelle interaction during the photorespiratory pathway. For that purpose, we induced oxidative stress by menadione (MD) in mitochondria and photo-oxidative stress (high light) in chloroplasts. Subsequently, we examined the changes in selected photorespiratory enzymes, known to be located in other subcellular compartments. The presence of MD upregulated the transcript and protein levels of five chosen photorespiratory enzymes in both normal and high light. Peroxisomal glycolate oxidase and catalase activities increased by 50% and 25%, respectively, while chloroplastic glycerate kinase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase increased by ~30%. The effect of MD was maximum in high light, indicating photo-oxidative stress was an influential factor to regulate photorespiration. Oxidative stress created in mitochondria caused a coordinative upregulation of photorespiration in other organelles. We provided evidence that reactive oxygen species are important signals for inter-organelle communication during photorespiration. Thus, MD can be a valuable tool to modulate the redox state in plant cells to study the metabolic consequences across membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B. Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Pidakala Rajsheel
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: or
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167
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van Beek CR, Guzha T, Kopana N, van der Westhuizen CS, Panda SK, van der Vyver C. The SlNAC2 transcription factor from tomato confers tolerance to drought stress in transgenic tobacco plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:907-921. [PMID: 34092944 PMCID: PMC8140038 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00996-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Drought is a key environmental factor that restricts crop growth and productivity. Plant responses to water-deficit stress at the whole plant level are mediated by stress-response gene expression through the action of transcription factors (TF). The NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) transcription factor family has been well documented in its role in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study we evaluated the effects of overexpression of SlNAC2 TF on the photosynthetic machinery, relative water content (RWC), reactive oxygen species, antioxidants and proline levels in tobacco plants exposed to a water-deficit treatment. Shoot growth and seed formation were also evaluated before, during and following water-deficit to determine any morphological consequences of transgene expression. The transgenic plants maintained higher RWC and chlorophyll levels over 21 days after withholding water and stomatal conductance until the 16th day of water-deficit. Overexpression of SlNAC2 in tobacco increased proline levels, improved seed setting and delayed leaf senescence of the transgenic plants. Reactive oxygen species accumulated at lower levels in the dehydrated transgenic plants but no significant difference in superoxide dismutase and catalase content were seen between the genotypes. The conversion of glutathione to oxidized glutathione was significantly higher in the transgenic plants, supported by increased glutathione reductase transcript levels. Our results indicate that overexpression of SlNAC2 in tobacco improved survival during and recovery from water-deficit stress, without an associated biomass penalty under irrigation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00996-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coenraad R. van Beek
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | - Tapiwa Guzha
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | - Nolusindiso Kopana
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
| | | | - Sanjib K. Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, 305817 India
| | - Christell van der Vyver
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7601 South Africa
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Seth R, Maritim TK, Parmar R, Sharma RK. Underpinning the molecular programming attributing heat stress associated thermotolerance in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:99. [PMID: 33931616 PMCID: PMC8087774 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The most daunting issue of global climate change is the deleterious impact of extreme temperatures on tea productivity and quality, which has resulted in a quest among researchers and growers. The current study aims to unravel molecular programming underpinning thermotolerance by characterizing heat tolerance and sensitivity response in 20 tea cultivars. The significantly higher negative influence of heat stress was recorded in a sensitive cultivar with reduced water retention (47%), chlorophyll content (33.79%), oxidation potential (32.48%), and increase in membrane damage (76.4%). Transcriptional profiling of most tolerant and sensitive cultivars identified 78 differentially expressed unigenes with chaperon domains, including low and high molecular weight heat shock protein (HSP) and heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) involved in heat shock response (HSR). Further, predicted transcriptional interactome network revealed their key role in thermotolerance via well-co-ordinated transcriptional regulation of aquaporins, starch metabolism, chlorophyll biosynthesis, calcium, and ethylene mediated plant signaling system. The study identified the key role of HSPs (CsHSP90) in regulating HSR in tea, wherein, structure-based molecular docking revealed the inhibitory role of geldanamycin (GDA) on CsHSP90 by blocking ATP binding site at N-terminal domain of predicted structure. Subsequently, GDA mediated leaf disc inhibitor assay further affirmed enhanced HSR with higher expression of CsHSP17.6, CsHSP70, HSP101, and CsHSFA2 genes in tea. Through the current study, efforts were made to extrapolate a deeper understanding of chaperons mediated regulation of HSR attributing thermotolerance in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romit Seth
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Tony Kipkoech Maritim
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
- Tea breeding and genetic improvement division, KALRO-Tea Research Institute, Box 820, 20200, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Rajni Parmar
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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169
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Chen L, Tarin MWK, Huo H, Zheng Y, Chen J. Photosynthetic Responses of Anthurium × 'Red' under Different Light Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050857. [PMID: 33922653 PMCID: PMC8145403 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Light is an essential energy source for plant photosynthesis, although it can also be a stress-causing element. Therefore, the current research was aimed to compare photosynthetic responses of Anthurium × 'Red' leaves at different positions (bottom old leaf, 1; center mature leaf, 2; top expanded leaf, 3) established under three photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs): 550 μmol·m-2·s-1 as high (H), 350 μmol·m-2·s-1 as medium (M), and 255 μmol·m-2·s-1 as low (L). After six months, all the replicates were relocated to interior rooms with a PPFD of 30 μmol·m-2·s-1. There were no significant differences in chlorophyll concentration of the old leaf among treatments, before (Day 0) and after shifting the plants to interior rooms (Day 30). The total chlorophyll concentrations of the mature and top leaves increased significantly. In greenhouse conditions, H and M treatments did not show any significant change for net photosynthetic rate (Pn) at various leaf positions. However, M2 exhibited an improved Pn in the interior conditions. Plants grown under M treatment were greener and had bigger leaves compared to other treatments. Our study reveals that Anthurium × 'Red' photosynthesis responses to different light conditions varied distinctly. However, M treatment can keep the plants looking green by accumulating enough energy for indoor conditions, and middle and lower leaves may be triggered to restore photosynthetic activity under low light or indoor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (L.C.); (M.W.K.T.)
| | - Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (L.C.); (M.W.K.T.)
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research Education Center and Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA;
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (L.C.); (M.W.K.T.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research Education Center and Environmental Horticulture Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
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Abstract
Metabolomics is a technology that generates large amounts of data and contributes to obtaining wide and integral explanations of the biochemical state of a living organism. Plants are continuously affected by abiotic stresses such as water scarcity, high temperatures and high salinity, and metabolomics has the potential for elucidating the response-to-stress mechanisms and develop resistance strategies in affected cultivars. This review describes the characteristics of each of the stages of metabolomic studies in plants and the role of metabolomics in the characterization of the response of various plant species to abiotic stresses.
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171
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Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on the Quality of Soybean and Natto Products under Drought Stress. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8847698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin can directly or indirectly eliminate reactive oxygen species, regulate hormone levels, and improve drought-stressed soybean crop resistance, yield, and quality. The nutrient contents of soybeans grown under normal conditions (WW), drought stress (D), and drought stress with exogenous melatonin (D + M) (
) were compared. The differences in the quality of natto from the three groups of soybeans were also analyzed. The results showed that compared with soybeans under normal conditions, those grown under drought stress had reduced yield and carbohydrate, protein, essential amino acid, soybean isoflavone, and other nutrient contents. Besides, natto presented low nattokinase levels (674 U/mL), natto drawing ability was weak, the surface was dull, the taste was poor, and the sensory score was 12 points. Exogenous melatonin increased the carbohydrate content (starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) and improved the yield and quality of soybeans under drought. The natto produced by soybeans under drought stress with exogenous melatonin had high nattokinase content (756 U/mL) and long wire drawing. The surface of the product was rich in mucus and had a natto aroma. Its comprehensive sensory score was 20 points. Natto from soybeans under drought stress that were treated with exogenous melatonin showed significantly higher yield, nutrient content, and quality, than those under drought stress without treatment. This study provides theoretical data that can facilitate the development of new methods to improve the quality of soybeans grown under drought conditions.
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172
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Zhang Q, Qi X, Xu W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Peng C, Fang Y. Response of transgenic Arabidopsis expressing maize C 4 photosynthetic enzyme genes to high light. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1885894. [PMID: 33566717 PMCID: PMC7971240 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1885894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the responses of wild-type (WT) and transgenic Arabidopsis expressing seven combinations of maize (Zea mays) genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc), pyruvate phosphate dikinase (ppdk), and NADP-malic enzyme (nadp-me) to high light. Our results showed that the net CO2 assimilation rate (Pn) and shoot dry weight of four of the transgenic Arabidopsis genotypes were significantly different from those of WT under high-light treatment, being in the order of Zmpepc+Zmppdk+Zmnadp-me (PC-K-M) > Zmpepc+Zmppdk (PC-K) > Zmpepc (PC), Zmpepc+Zmnadp-me (PC-M) > WT. The other genotypes did not differ from WT. This indicated that Zmpepc was essential for maintaining high photosynthetic performance under high light, Zmppdk had a positive synergistic effect on Zmpepc, and the combination of all three genes had the greatest synergistic effect. These four genotypes also maintained higher photosystem II (PSII) activity (K-phase, J-phase, RC/CSm), electron transfer capacity (J-phase), and photochemical efficiency (TRo/ABS), and accumulated less reactive oxygen species (O2·-, H2O2) and suffered less damage to the membrane system (MDA) than WT under high light. Collectively, PC, PC-K, PC-M, and PC-K-M used most of the absorbed energy for CO2 assimilation through a significantly higher Pn, which reduced the generation of excess electrons in the photosynthetic apparatus, thereby reducing damage to the membrane system and PSII. This ultimately resulted in improved high-light tolerance. Pn was the main reason for the significant difference in the high-light tolerance of the four genotypes. Joint expression of the three maize genes may be of great value in the genetic improvement of high-light tolerance in C3 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xueli Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weigang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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173
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Jia X, Mao K, Wang P, Wang Y, Jia X, Huo L, Sun X, Che R, Gong X, Ma F. Overexpression of MdATG8i improves water use efficiency in transgenic apple by modulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and autophagic activity under moderate water deficit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:81. [PMID: 33790273 PMCID: PMC8012348 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the major limiting factors for apple (Malus domestica) production on the Loess Plateau, a major apple cultivation area in China. The identification of genes related to the regulation of water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial aspect of crop breeding programs. As a conserved degradation and recycling mechanism in eukaryotes, autophagy has been reported to participate in various stress responses. However, the relationship between autophagy and WUE regulation has not been explored. We have shown that a crucial autophagy protein in apple, MdATG8i, plays a role in improving salt tolerance. Here, we explored its biological function in response to long-term moderate drought stress. The results showed that MdATG8i-overexpressing (MdATG8i-OE) apple plants exhibited higher WUE than wild-type (WT) plants under long-term moderate drought conditions. Plant WUE can be increased by improving photosynthetic efficiency. Osmoregulation plays a critical role in plant stress resistance and adaptation. Under long-term drought conditions, the photosynthetic capacity and accumulation of sugar and amino acids were higher in MdATG8i-OE plants than in WT plants. The increased photosynthetic capacity in the OE plants could be attributed to their ability to maintain optimal stomatal aperture, organized chloroplasts, and strong antioxidant activity. MdATG8i overexpression also promoted autophagic activity, which was likely related to the changes described above. In summary, our results demonstrate that MdATG8i-OE apple lines exhibited higher WUE than WT under long-term moderate drought conditions because they maintained robust photosynthesis, effective osmotic adjustment processes, and strong autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xumei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Runmin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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174
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Liang G, He H, Nai G, Feng L, Li Y, Zhou Q, Ma Z, Yue Y, Chen B, Mao J. Genome-wide identification of BAM genes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and ectopic expression of VvBAM1 modulating soluble sugar levels to improve low-temperature tolerance in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:156. [PMID: 33771117 PMCID: PMC8004407 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature (LT) is one of the main limiting factors that affect growth and development in grape. Increasing soluble sugar and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in grapevine resistance to cold stress. However, the mechanism of β-amylase (BAM) involved in the regulation of sugar levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in response to cold stress is unclear. RESULTS In this study, six BAM genes were identified and clustered into four groups. Multiple sequence alignment and gene structure analysis showed that VvBAM6 lacked the Glu380 residue and contained only an exon. The transcript abundance of VvBAM1 and VvBAM3 significantly increased as temperature decreased. After LT stress, VvBAM1 was highly expressed in the leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of overexpressing tomato lines. The total amylase and BAM activities increased by 6.5- and 6.01-fold in transgenic plants compared with those in wild-type tomato plants (WT) subjected to LT, respectively. The glucose and sucrose contents in transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in WT plants, whereas the starch contents in the former decreased by 1.5-fold compared with those in the latter under LT stress. The analysis of transcriptome sequencing data revealed that 541 genes were upregulated, and 663 genes were downregulated in transgenic plants. One sugar transporter protein gene (SlSTP10), two peroxidase (POD)-related genes (SlPER7 and SlPER5), and one catalase (CAT)-related gene (SlCAT1) were upregulated by 8.6-, 3.6-, 3.0-, and 2.3-fold in transgenic plants after LT stress, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that VvBAM1 overexpression promotes ROS scavenging and improves cold tolerance ability by modulating starch hydrolysis to affect soluble sugar levels in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojie Nai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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175
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Hu Q, Qian R, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Zheng J. Physiological and Gene Expression Changes of Clematis crassifolia and Clematis cadmia in Response to Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:624875. [PMID: 33841457 PMCID: PMC8034387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.624875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clematis is a superior perennial ornamental vine known for varied colors and shapes of its flowers. Clematis crassifolia is sensitive to high temperature, whereas Clematis cadmia has a certain temperature adaptability. Here we analyzed the potential regulatory mechanisms of C. crassifolia and C. cadmia in response to heat stress by studying the photosynthesis, antioxidant parameters, amino acids, and gene expression patterns under three temperature treatments. Heat stress caused the fading of leaves; decreased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity; increased 13 kinds of amino acids content; and up-regulated the expression of seven genes, including C194329_G3, C194434_G1, and C188817_g1, etc., in C. crassifolia plants. Under the treatments of heat stress, the leaf tips of C. cadmia were wilted, and the net photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content decreased, with the increase of 12 amino acids content and the expression of c194329_g3, c194434_g1, and c195983_g1. Our results showed that C. crassifolia and C. cadmia had different physiological and molecular response mechanisms to heat stress during the ecological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdi Hu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou, China
| | - Renjuan Qian
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xule Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou, China
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176
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The Investigation of TiO2 NPs Effect as a Wastewater Treatment to Mitigate Cd Negative Impact on Bamboo Growth. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent emerging evidence reveals that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can be used as a wastewater treatment. This study provides new information about the possible detoxification role of TiO2 NPs as a wastewater treatment in plants under heavy metal stress, with an emphasis on the mechanisms involved. Here, we investigated the effects of TiO2 NPs as one wastewater treatment on a bamboo species (Arundinaria pygmaea L.) under in vitro Cadmium (Cd) toxicity conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications of four concentrations of Cd (50, 100, 200, and 300 µM) alone and in combination with 100 and 200 µM TiO2 NPs as two wastewater treatments, as well as a control treatment. The results indicated that TiO2 NPs concentrations enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities and proline accumulation as well as reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which led to improved photosynthetic parameters with an eventual increase in plant biomass as compared to the control treatment. Therefore, TiO2 NPs improved the photosynthetic parameters of bamboo under Cd toxicity, which led to an increase in plant biomass. We concluded that the wastewater treatments of TiO2 NPs improved bamboo biomass through the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds (H2O2 and O2•−), which was induced by the stimulation of the antioxidant capacity of the plant. TiO2 also protected cell membranes by reducing lipoperoxidation in bamboo under Cd toxicity. The concentration of 200 µM TiO2 NPs had the most impact in reducing Cd toxicity.
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177
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Qin-Di D, Gui-Hua J, Xiu-Neng W, Zun-Guang M, Qing-Yong P, Shiyun C, Yu-Jian M, Shuang-Xi Z, Yong-Xiang H, Yu L. High temperature-mediated disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism and gene expressional regulation in rice: a review. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1862564. [PMID: 33470154 PMCID: PMC7889029 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1862564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has induced higher frequencies of excessively high-temperature weather episodes, which pose damage risk to rice growth and production. Past studies seldom specified how high temperature-induced carbohydrate metabolism disturbances from both source and sink affect rice fertilization and production. Here we discuss the mechanism of heat-triggered damage to rice quality and production through disturbance of carbohydrate generation and consumption under high temperatures. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence from past studies that rice varieties that maintain high photosynthesis and carbohydrate usage efficiencies under high temperatures will suffer less heat-induced damage during reproductive developmental stages. We also discuss the complexity of expressional regulation of rice genes in response to high temperatures, while highlighting the important roles of heat-inducible post-transcriptional regulations of gene expression. Lastly, we predict future directions in heat-tolerant rice breeding and also propose challenges that need to be conquered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Qin-Di
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Jian Gui-Hua
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Wang Xiu-Neng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Mo Zun-Guang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Peng Qing-Yong
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Chen Shiyun
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Mo Yu-Jian
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Zhou Shuang-Xi
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hawke’s Bay,New Zealand
| | - Huang Yong-Xiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
| | - Ling Yu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,China
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178
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Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040782. [PMID: 33546346 PMCID: PMC7913487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.
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179
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Roles of Si and SiNPs in Improving Thermotolerance of Wheat Photosynthetic Machinery via Upregulation of PsbH, PsbB and PsbD Genes Encoding PSII Core Proteins. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II is extremely susceptible to environmental alterations, particularly high temperatures. The maintenance of an efficient photosynthetic system under stress conditions is one of the main issues for plants to attain their required energy. Nowadays, searching for stress alleviators is the main goal for maintaining photosynthetic system productivity and, thereby, crop yield under global climate change. Potassium silicate (K2SiO3, 1.5 mM) and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs, 1.66 mM) were used to mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress (45 °C, 5 h) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. (Shandawelly) seedlings. The results showed that K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs diminished leaf rolling symptoms and electrolyte leakage (EL) of heat-stressed wheat leaves. Furthermore, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PIabs), as well as the photosynthetic pigments and organic solutes including soluble sugars, sucrose, and proline accumulation, were increased in K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs stressed leaves. At the molecular level, RT-PCR analysis showed that K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs treatments stimulated the overexpression of PsbH, PsbB, and PsbD genes. Notably, this investigation indicated that K2SiO3 was more effective in improving wheat thermotolerance compared to SiO2NPs. The application of K2SiO3 and SiO2NPs may be one of the proposed approaches to improve crop growth and productivity to tolerate climatic change.
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180
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Chen X, Li Y, Jiang L, Hu B, Wang L, An S, Zhang X. Uptake, accumulation, and translocation mechanisms of steroid estrogens in plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141979. [PMID: 32890876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Applying sewage sludge or animal manure onto agricultural land can result in estrogen pollution, which increases the risk of human exposure to steroid estrogens (SEs) via the food chain. However, the uptake and accumulation mechanism of SEs by plants is still unclear. In this study, the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of 17β-E2, a representative SE, were investigated through a series of wheat hydroponic experiments. Various inhibitors were applied to explore the uptake pathways of 17β-E2 by wheat. In addition, the effects of exposure concentrations, coexisting 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and plant properties on the uptake of 17β-E2 were examined. The results indicated that the accumulation of 17β-E2 in wheat roots mainly resulted from adsorption and active uptake that involved aquaporins and anion channels transport. The chlorophyll and protein contents of plants were positively correlated with the uptake of 17β-E2, whereas competitive inhibition occurred when 17β-E2 and EE2 coexisted in the same solution. Nevertheless, the results of a split-root experiment showed that 17β-E2 absorbed by wheat could further migrate in plant via long-distance transport and ultimately was discharged from plants, suggesting that 17β-E2 was still at risk of being released even though it had been absorbed by plants. These results could provide valuable insights into the risk assessment and risk control of the uptake of SEs by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China.
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Siyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Extension Service Station, Beijing 100029, China
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181
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Sun T, Pei T, Yang L, Zhang Z, Li M, Liu Y, Ma F, Liu C. Exogenous application of xanthine and uric acid and nucleobase-ascorbate transporter MdNAT7 expression regulate salinity tolerance in apple. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 33468049 PMCID: PMC7816448 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinity is a critical threat to global agriculture. In plants, the accumulation of xanthine activates xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), which catalyses the oxidation/conversion of xanthine to uric acid to remove excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nucleobase-ascorbate transporter (NAT) family is also known as the nucleobase-cation symporter (NCS) or AzgA-like family. NAT is known to transport xanthine and uric acid in plants. The expression of MdNAT is influenced by salinity stress in apple. RESULTS In this study, we discovered that exogenous application of xanthine and uric acid enhanced the resistance of apple plants to salinity stress. In addition, MdNAT7 overexpression transgenic apple plants showed enhanced xanthine and uric acid concentrations and improved tolerance to salinity stress compared with nontransgenic plants, while opposite phenotypes were observed for MdNAT7 RNAi plants. These differences were probably due to the enhancement or impairment of ROS scavenging and ion homeostasis abilities. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that xanthine and uric acid have potential uses in salt stress alleviation, and MdNAT7 can be utilized as a candidate gene to engineer resistance to salt stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuerong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Farooq MA, Hong Z, Islam F, Noor Y, Hannan F, Zhang Y, Ayyaz A, Mwamba TM, Zhou W, Song W. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of arsenic induced toxicity reveals the mechanism of multilevel coordination of efficient defense and energy metabolism in two Brassica napus cultivars. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111744. [PMID: 33396070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) a non-essential element is of particular concern with respect to harmful effects on plant metabolism. While extensive studies have been conducted on the physiological responses of plants to increase As concentrations, however, molecular differences elucidating species-specific changes remain largely unknown. In the present experiment, two oilseed Brassica napus (B. napus) cultivars, ZS758 and ZD622, were treated by elevated As concentration. Their responses to the As stress have been investigated through pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer and isobaric tags based proteomic (iTRAQ) analysis. The chlorophyll fluorescence attributes showed that As stress significantly decrease the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) as well as the comparatively closed stomata observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, 65 proteins displayed increased abundance and 52 down-regulated were found in the control vs As comparison in cultivar ZS758, while 44 up and 67 down-regulated proteins were found in the control vs As comparison in ZD622. Metabolic pathways, followed by ribosome and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the dominant functional annotation categories among the differentially expressed protein (DEPs). Many genes involved in primary metabolism, stress and defense were found to be As-responsive DEPs and/or DEPs between these two cultivars. Based on these results, a schematic description of key processes involved in As tolerance in ZS758 and ZD622 is proposed, which suggests that higher tolerance in ZS758 depends on a multilevel coordination of efficient defense and energy metabolism. Real-time quantitative PCR supported the expression patterns of several genes encoding a protein similar to their corresponding DEPs. In addition, these findings could shed light in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of B. napus exposed to As stress and provide or improve essential understandings in the development of advanced B. napus cultivars against As resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheyuan Hong
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yamna Noor
- Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Theodore M Mwamba
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjian Song
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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183
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Liang Y, Wang J, Zeng F, Wang Q, Zhu L, Li H, Guo N, Chen H. Photorespiration Regulates Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism by Magnesium Chelatase D Subunit in Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:112-125. [PMID: 33353295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of plants are dependent on the interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Essential information about the metabolic regulation of carbon-nitrogen metabolism is still lacking, such as possible interactions among nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and photorespiration. This study shows that higher photorespiration consumes more CO2 fixed by photosynthesis, making the high photosynthetic efficiency mutant fail to increase production. In order to clarify the effects of photosynthesis and photorespiration on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in high photosynthetic efficiency mutant, a yellow-green leaf mutant (ygl53) was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Its chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased, but chloroplast development was not affected. Genetic analysis demonstrated that YGL53 encodes the magnesium chelatase D subunit (ChlD). The ygl53 mutant showed an increased net assimilation rate (An) and electron transport flux efficiency and catalase (CAT) activity, and it also had a higher photorespiration rate (Pr), lower H2O2, and reduced nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE); however, there was no loss in yield. The higher activities of glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase (GS) ensure the α-ketoglutaric acid (2-OG) and ammonia (NH3) availabilities, which are produced from photorespiration in the ygl53 mutant. These have an important function for carbon and nitrogen metabolism homeostasis in ygl53. Further analysis indicated that the energy and substances derived from carbon metabolism supplemented nitrogen metabolism in the form of photorespiration to ensure its normal development when the An of photosynthesis was increased in the ygl53 mutant with reduced NUpE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpei Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Faliang Zeng
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Naihui Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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184
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Tokarz KM, Wesołowski W, Tokarz B, Makowski W, Wysocka A, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Chrabaszcz K, Malek K, Kostecka-Gugała A. Stem Photosynthesis-A Key Element of Grass Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.) Acclimatisation to Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E685. [PMID: 33445673 PMCID: PMC7828162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na+) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na+ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Wesołowski
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (W.W.); (A.K.-G.)
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (B.T.); (W.M.); (A.W.)
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roman J. Jędrzejczyk
- Plant-Microorganism Interactions Group, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Karolina Chrabaszcz
- Raman Imaging Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Raman Imaging Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Anna Kostecka-Gugała
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland; (W.W.); (A.K.-G.)
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185
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Zulfiqar F, Ashraf M. Bioregulators: unlocking their potential role in regulation of the plant oxidative defense system. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:11-41. [PMID: 32990920 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant bioregulators play an important role in managing oxidative stress tolerance in plants. Utilizing their ability in stress sensitive crops through genetic engineering will be a meaningful approach to manage food production under the threat of climate change. Exploitation of the plant defense system against oxidative stress to engineer tolerant plants in the climate change scenario is a sustainable and meaningful strategy. Plant bioregulators (PBRs), which are important biotic factors, are known to play a vital role not only in the development of plants, but also in inducing tolerance in plants against various environmental extremes. These bioregulators include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, polyamines, strigolactones, and ascorbic acid and provide protection against the oxidative stress-associated reactive oxygen species through modulation or activation of a plant's antioxidant system. Therefore, exploitation of their functioning and accumulation is of considerable significance for the development of plants more tolerant of harsh environmental conditions in order to tackle the issue of food security under the threat of climate change. Therefore, this review summarizes a new line of evidence that how PBRs act as inducers of oxidative stress resistance in plants and how they could be modulated in transgenic crops via introgression of genes. Reactive oxygen species production during oxidative stress events and their neutralization through an efficient antioxidants system is comprehensively detailed. Further, the use of exogenously applied PBRs in the induction of oxidative stress resistance is discussed. Recent advances in engineering transgenic plants with modified PBR gene expression to exploit the plant defense system against oxidative stress are discussed from an agricultural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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186
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Kitashova A, Schneider K, Fürtauer L, Schröder L, Scheibenbogen T, Fürtauer S, Nägele T. Impaired chloroplast positioning affects photosynthetic capacity and regulation of the central carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:49-60. [PMID: 33211260 PMCID: PMC7728637 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism of higher plants need to be tightly regulated to prevent tissue damage during environmental changes. The intracellular position of chloroplasts changes due to a changing light regime. Chloroplast avoidance and accumulation response under high and low light, respectively, are well known phenomena, and deficiency of chloroplast movement has been shown to result in photodamage and reduced biomass accumulation. Yet, effects of chloroplast positioning on underlying metabolic regulation are less well understood. Here, we analysed photosynthesis together with metabolites and enzyme activities of the central carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation of the chloroplast unusual positioning 1 (chup1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. We compared cold acclimation under ambient and low light and found that maximum quantum yield of PSII was significantly lower in chup1 than in Col-0 under both conditions. Our findings indicated that net CO2 assimilation in chup1 is rather limited by biochemistry than by photochemistry. Further, cold-induced dynamics of sucrose phosphate synthase differed significantly between both genotypes. Together with a reduced rate of sucrose cycling derived from kinetic model simulations our study provides evidence for a central role of chloroplast positioning for photosynthetic and metabolic acclimation to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kitashova
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katja Schneider
- Department Biology I, Plant Development, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Laura Schröder
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tim Scheibenbogen
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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187
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Zeng F, Wang G, Liang Y, Guo N, Zhu L, Wang Q, Chen H, Ma D, Wang J. Disentangling the photosynthesis performance in japonica rice during natural leaf senescence using OJIP fluorescence transient analysis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:206-217. [PMID: 33099327 DOI: 10.1071/fp20104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice undergoes leaf senescence accompanied with grain filling when the plants reach the end of their temporal niche, and a delay in leaf senescence ultimately improves the yield and quality of grain. To estimate the decline in photosynthesis during leaf senescence and to find an efficient and useful tool to identify rice genotypes with a longer duration of active photosynthesis, we examined PSII photosynthetic activity in the flag leaves of japonica rice Shennong265 (SN265) and Beigeng3 (BG3) during leaf senescence using chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. The results show that inhibition occurred in the electron transport chains, but the energetic connectivity of PSII units was not affected as dramatically during leaf senescence. PSII reaction centres (RCs) were transformed into 'silent RCs,' and the chlorophyll content decreased during leaf senescence. However the size of the 'economic' antennae increased. Further, the percentage of variation of the specific energy flux parameters can rationally be used to indicate leaf senescence from the perspective of energy balance. Although the performance indices were more sensitive than other functional and structural JIP-test parameters, they still did not serve as an indicator of crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faliang Zeng
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Guojiao Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Yinpei Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Naihui Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dianrong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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188
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Rantala M, Rantala S, Aro EM. Composition, phosphorylation and dynamic organization of photosynthetic protein complexes in plant thylakoid membrane. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 19:604-619. [PMID: 32297616 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The photosystems (PS), catalyzing the photosynthetic reactions of higher plants, are unevenly distributed in the thylakoid membrane: PSII, together with its light harvesting complex (LHC)II, is enriched in the appressed grana stacks, while PSI-LHCI resides in the non-appressed stroma thylakoids, which wind around the grana stacks. The two photosystems interact in a third membrane domain, the grana margins, which connect the grana and stroma thylakoids and allow the loosely bound LHCII to serve as an additional antenna for PSI. The light harvesting is balanced by reversible phosphorylation of LHCII proteins. Nevertheless, light energy also damages PSII and the repair process is regulated by reversible phosphorylation of PSII core proteins. Here, we discuss the detailed composition and organization of PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCI (super)complexes in the thylakoid membrane of angiosperm chloroplasts and address the role of thylakoid protein phosphorylation in dynamics of the entire protein complex network of the photosynthetic membrane. Finally, we scrutinize the phosphorylation-dependent dynamics of the protein complexes in context of thylakoid ultrastructure and present a model on the reorganization of the entire thylakoid network in response to changes in thylakoid protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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189
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Khan A, Ahmad M, Ahmed M, Iftikhar Hussain M. Rising Atmospheric Temperature Impact on Wheat and Thermotolerance Strategies. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010043. [PMID: 33375473 PMCID: PMC7823633 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Temperature across the globe is increasing continuously at the rate of 0.15–0.17 °C per decade since the industrial revolution. It is influencing agricultural crop productivity. Therefore, thermotolerance strategies are needed to have sustainability in crop yield under higher temperature. However, improving thermotolerance in the crop is a challenging task for crop scientists. Therefore, this review work was conducted with the aim of providing information on the wheat response in three research areas, i.e., physiology, breeding, and advances in genetics, which could assist the researchers in improving thermotolerance. The optimum temperature for wheat growth at the heading, anthesis, and grain filling duration is 16 ± 2.3 °C, 23 ± 1.75 °C, and 26 ± 1.53 °C, respectively. The high temperature adversely influences the crop phenology, growth, and development. The pre-anthesis high temperature retards the pollen viability, seed formation, and embryo development. The post-anthesis high temperature declines the starch granules accumulation, stem reserve carbohydrates, and translocation of photosynthates into grains. A high temperature above 40 °C inhibits the photosynthesis by damaging the photosystem-II, electron transport chain, and photosystem-I. Our review work highlighted that genotypes which can maintain a higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, expression of heat shock proteins, stay green and antioxidant enzymes activity viz., catalase, peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase can tolerate high temperature efficiently through sustaining cellular physiology. Similarly, the pre-anthesis acclimation with heat treatment, inorganic fertilizer such as nitrogen, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride, mulches with rice husk, early sowing, presoaking of a 6.6 mM solution of thiourea, foliar application of 50 ppm dithiothreitol, 10 mg per kg of silicon at heading and zinc ameliorate the crop against the high temperature. Finally, it has been suggested that modern genomics and omics techniques should be used to develop thermotolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (A.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (A.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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190
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Qiu JR, Huang Z, Xiang XY, Xu WX, Wang JT, Chen J, Song L, Xiao Y, Li X, Ma J, Cai SZ, Sun LX, Jiang CZ. MfbHLH38, a Myrothamnus flabellifolia bHLH transcription factor, confers tolerance to drought and salinity stresses in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:542. [PMID: 33267774 PMCID: PMC7709435 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, a large transcription factors family, are involved in plant growth and development, and defensive response to various environmental stresses. The resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia is known for its extremely strong drought tolerance, but few bHLHs taking part in abiotic stress response have been unveiled in M. flabellifolia. RESULTS In the present research, we cloned and characterized a dehydration-inducible gene, MfbHLH38, from M. flabellifolia. The MfbHLH38 protein is localized in the nucleus, where it may act as a transcription factor. Heterologous expression of MfbHLH38 in Arabidopsis improved the tolerance to drought and salinity stresses, as determined by the studies on physiological indexes, such as contents of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro), soluble protein, and soluble sugar, water loss rate of detached leaves, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities. Besides, MfbHLH38 overexpression increased the sensitivity of stomatal closure to mannitol and abscisic acid (ABA), improved ABA level under drought stress, and elevated the expression of genes associated with ABA biosynthesis and ABA responding, sucha as NCED3, P5CS, and RD29A. CONCLUSIONS Our results presented evidence that MfbHLH38 enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity stresses in Arabidopsis through increasing water retention ability, regulating osmotic balance, decreasing stress-induced oxidation damage, and possibly participated in ABA-dependent stress-responding pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Qiu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiang-Ying Xiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Xin Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Cai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling-Xia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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191
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Zhu JK. Thriving under Stress: How Plants Balance Growth and the Stress Response. Dev Cell 2020; 55:529-543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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192
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Yang X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Zinta G, Xie S, Zhu W, Nie WF. Genome-Wide Identification of Circular RNAs in Response to Low-Temperature Stress in Tomato Leaves. Front Genet 2020; 11:591806. [PMID: 33250924 PMCID: PMC7674948 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.591806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress adversely inhibits the growth and development of plants, by changing the expression of multiple genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a class of non-coding RNAs, function in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Yet, the involvement of circRNAs in abiotic stress response is rarely reported. In this study, the participation and function of circRNAs in low-temperature (LT)-induced stress response were investigated in tomato leaves. We generated genome-wide profiles of circRNAs and mRNAs in tomato leaves grown at 25°C room temperature (RT) and 12°C LT. Our results show that 1,830 circRNAs were identified in tomato leaves in both RT and LT treatments, among which 1,759 were differentially induced by the LT treatment. We find that the identified circRNAs are mainly located at exons of genes, but less distributed at introns of genes or intergenic regions. Our results suggest that there are 383 differentially expressed circRNAs predicted to function as putative sponges of 266 miRNAs to target 4,476 mRNAs in total. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis assays indicate that multiple pathways were enriched in both differentially expressed genes induced by LT and parental genes of differentially expressed circRNAs induced by LT, revealing the key functions of circRNAs and the corresponding targeted genes in response to LT stress. Our results suggest that circRNAs may be involved in regulating metabolism (i.e., carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and energy), signal transduction, and environmental adaptation-related pathways and that these circRNAs were predicted to regulate the expression of transcription factors, genes in signal transduction pathways, and genes related to the Ca2+ channel through targeting the corresponding proteins, such as WRKY, NAC, cytochrome P450, and calmodulin binding protein. Taken together, our study uncovers that multiple circRNAs are isolated and differently regulated in response to LT stress and provides the resource and potential networks of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA under LT stress for further investigations in tomato leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | | | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Feng Nie
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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193
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Gupta R. The oxygen-evolving complex: a super catalyst for life on earth, in response to abiotic stresses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1824721. [PMID: 32970515 PMCID: PMC7671056 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1824721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving complex is integrated into photosystem (PSII). An essential part of oxygenic photosynthetic apparatus, embedded in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. The OEC is a super catalyst to split water into molecular oxygen in the presence of light. The OEC consist of four Mn atoms, one Ca atom and five oxygen atoms (CaMn4O5) and this cluster is maintained by its surrounding proteins viz., PsbQ, PsbP, PsbO, PsbR. The function of this super catalyst with a high turnover frequency of 500 s-1 in standard condition. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP transients) are used to understand structural and functional cohesion of photosynthetic apparatus. A further K-peak in OJIP curve reflects damage at the OEC donor site in response to salinity, drought, and high temperature. The decline in performance indices (PI, SFI) also revealed structural damage of photosynthetic apparatus that leads to disruption of electron transport rate under abiotic conditions. This review discusses the structural and function cohesion of the OEC in plant against variable abiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramwant Gupta
- Department of Biology, School of Pure Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Fiji National University, Natabua, Fiji Islands
- CONTACT Ramwant Gupta
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194
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Ramirez VE, Poppenberger B. Modes of Brassinosteroid Activity in Cold Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:583666. [PMID: 33240301 PMCID: PMC7677411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is a significant environmental factor that negatively affects plant growth and development in particular when it occurs during the growth phase. Plants have evolved means to protect themselves from damage caused by chilling or freezing temperatures and some plant species, in particular those from temperate geographical zones, can increase their basal level of freezing tolerance in a process termed cold acclimation. Cold acclimation improves plant survival, but also represses growth, since it inhibits activity of the growth-promoting hormones gibberellins (GAs). In addition to GAs, the steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) also take part in growth promotion and cold stress signaling; however, in contrast to Gas, BRs can improve cold stress tolerance with fewer trade-offs in terms of growth and yields. Here we summarize our current understanding of the roles of BRs in cold stress responses with a focus on freezing tolerance and cold acclimation pathways.
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195
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Zehra A, Choudhary S, Wani KI, Naeem M, Khan MMA, Aftab T. Exogenous abscisic acid mediates ROS homeostasis and maintains glandular trichome to enhance artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua under copper toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:125-134. [PMID: 32932206 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the major abiotic stresses that cause environmental pollution is heavy metal stress. In the present investigation, copper (Cu) toxicity caused morphological and cellular damages to the Artemisia annua L. plants but supplementation of abscisic acid (ABA) ameliorated the damaging effect of Cu. Copper toxicity significantly reduced the shoot and root lengths; fresh and dry weights of shoot. However, exogenous application of ABA to Cu-treated plants significantly attenuated the damaging effects on plants caused by Cu toxicity. Copper stress also reduced the physiological and biochemical parameters, but ABA application ameliorated the negative effects of Cu in the affected plant. Accumulation of Cu in plant tissues significantly increased the membrane damage and oxidative enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Further, the impact of high concentration of Cu on density, area and ultrastructure of glandular trichomes and artemisinin content was studied. Moreover, the foliar application of ABA improved the area, density of glandular trichomes and secured the plant cells from Cu toxicity. Therefore, this investigation indicated that the exogenous application of ABA protects A. annua plant by increasing antioxidant enzymes activity, which helps in maintaining cell integrity of leaves and results in increased artemisinin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Zehra
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Kaiser Iqbal Wani
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - M Naeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
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196
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Pan DY, Fu X, Zhang XW, Liu FJ, Bi HG, Ai XZ. Hydrogen sulfide is required for salicylic acid-induced chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1543-1557. [PMID: 32621044 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been proved to be multifunctional signal molecules to participate in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. However, it is still unclear whether there is interaction between SA and H2S in response to chilling intensity of cucumber seedlings. Here, we found SA was sensitive to chilling intensity. Under normal condition, NaHS (H2S donor) or removing endogenous H2S with hypotaurine (HT, a specific scavenger of H2S) and DL-propargylglycine (PAG, a specific inhibitor of H2S) has no effect on endogenous SA level; however, SA induced endogenous H2S content and activated the activities and mRNA level of L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-/D-CD), and inhibiting endogenous SA with paclobutrazol (PAC) or 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP) blocked this effect, implying H2S may play a role after SA signal. Further studies showed that both SA and NaHS notably alleviated chilling injury, which was evidenced by lower electrolyte leakage (EL), MDA content, and ROS accumulation, compared with H2O treatment. Of note, SA and H2S improved the activities and mRNA level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, APX, and GR) as well as the contents of AsA and GSH. Additionally, the chilling-response genes (ICE, CBF1, and COR) were obviously upregulated by exogenous SA and NaHS. However, the positive effect of SA on chilling tolerance was inhibited by HT, whereas PAC or AIP did not affect NaHS-induced chilling tolerance. Taken together, the data reveals that H2S acts as a downstream signal of SA-induced chilling tolerance of cucumber via modulating antioxidant system and chilling-response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang huai Region; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang huai Region; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang huai Region; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-Jiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang huai Region; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huan-Gai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang huai Region; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xi-Zhen Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang huai Region; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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197
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Shu S, Tang Y, Zhou X, Jahan MS, Sun J, Wang Y, Guo S. Physiological mechanism of transglutaminase-mediated improvement in salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:333-344. [PMID: 32998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase (TGase) is inextricably associated with plant growth and development. However, the mechanism by which TGase enhances salt tolerance of higher plants under salt stress is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of NaCl stress and exogenous o-phenanthroline (o-Phen, a metalloprotease inhibitor) on TGase activity, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, carbohydrates contents, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system, and endogenous polyamines (PAs) contents of salt-sensitive 'Jinyou No. 4' and salt-tolerant 'Inbred Line 9930' cucumber. Salt stress significantly inhibited plant growth of the two cultivars, as well as hindered carbohydrates transport, which was more evident in the salt-sensitive cultivar. TGase activity and expression, ROS scavenging capacity, and bound PAs content were up-regulated by salt stress to some extent, which was more distinct in the salt-tolerant cucumber cultivar. However, o-Phen treatment significantly inhibited TGase expression, and further decreased plant growth and the actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the two cultivars. In addition, application of o-Phen significantly decreased endogenous PAs content in leaves of 'Jinyou No. 4' and 'Inbred Line 9930' seedlings by 9.60% and 42.32% under NaCl stress, respectively. These results suggested that high activity of TGase increases the salt stress tolerance of cucumber plants by increasing endogenous PAs content and ROS scavenging capacity, and promoting carbon assimilation and photosynthetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mohammad Shan Jahan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Suqian Academy of Protected Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Suqian, 223800, China.
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198
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Azaman SNA, Wong DCJ, Tan SW, Yusoff FM, Nagao N, Yeap SK. De novo transcriptome analysis of Chlorella sorokiniana: effect of glucose assimilation, and moderate light intensity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17331. [PMID: 33060668 PMCID: PMC7562877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella can produce an unusually wide range of metabolites under various nutrient availability, carbon source, and light availability. Glucose, an essential molecule for the growth of microorganisms, also contributes significantly to the metabolism of various metabolic compounds produced by Chlorella. In addition, manipulation of light intensity also induces the formation of secondary metabolites such as pigments, and carotenoids in Chlorella. This study will focus on the effect of glucose addition, and moderate light on the regulation of carotenoid, lipid, starch, and other key metabolic pathways in Chlorella sorokiniana. To gain knowledge about this, we performed transcriptome profiling on C. sorokiniana strain NIES-2168 in response to moderate light stress supplemented with glucose under mixotrophic conditions. A total of 60,982,352 raw paired-end (PE) reads 100 bp in length was obtained from both normal, and mixotrophic samples of C. sorokiniana. After pre-processing, 93.63% high-quality PE reads were obtained, and 18,310 predicted full-length transcripts were assembled. Differential gene expression showed that a total of 937, and 1124 genes were upregulated, and downregulated in mixotrophic samples, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the mixotrophic condition caused upregulation of genes involved in carotenoids production (specifically lutein biosynthesis), fatty acid biosynthesis, TAG accumulation, and the majority of the carbon fixation pathways. Conversely, starch biosynthesis, sucrose biosynthesis, and isoprenoid biosynthesis were downregulated. Novel insights into the pathways that link the enhanced production of valuable metabolites (such as carotenoids in C. sorokiniana) grown under mixotrophic conditions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Ani Azaman
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Darren C J Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules (VacBio), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah M Yusoff
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norio Nagao
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- , 102 Naname-go, Shinkamigoto-cho, Minami Matsuura-Gun, Nagasaki, 857-4214, Japan
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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199
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Li L, Yi H. Photosynthetic responses of Arabidopsis to SO 2 were related to photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis gene expression and redox regulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111019. [PMID: 32888606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most common and harmful air pollutants. High concentrations of SO2 can induce a series of defensive responses in Arabidopsis plants. However, the role of photosynthesis in the plant response to SO2 stress is not clear. Here, we report the photosynthetic responses of Arabidopsis plants to SO2 stress. Exposure to 30 mg/m3 SO2 decreased stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) but increased photosynthetic pigments and net photosynthetic rate (Pn). The contents of carbohydrates and sucrose were not altered. The transcript levels of most genes related to photosystem II (PSII), cytochrome b6/f (Cytb6f), photosystem I (PSI) and carbon fixation were upregulated, revealing one important regulatory circuit for the maintenance of chloroplast homeostasis under SO2 stress. Exposure to SO2 triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, accompanied by increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the contents of cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH) and non-protein thiol (NPT), which maintained cellular redox homeostasis. Together, our results indicated that chloroplast photosynthesis was involved in the plant response to SO2 stress. The photosynthetic responses were related to photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis gene expression and redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huilan Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
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200
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Boncan DAT, Tsang SS, Li C, Lee IH, Lam HM, Chan TF, Hui JH. Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7382. [PMID: 33036280 PMCID: PMC7583029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of plants with environment and insects are bi-directional and dynamic. Consequently, a myriad of mechanisms has evolved to engage organisms in different types of interactions. These interactions can be mediated by allelochemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which include volatile terpenes (VTs). The emission of VTs provides a way for plants to communicate with the environment, including neighboring plants, beneficiaries (e.g., pollinators, seed dispersers), predators, parasitoids, and herbivores, by sending enticing or deterring signals. Understanding terpenoid distribution, biogenesis, and function provides an opportunity for the design and implementation of effective and efficient environmental calamity and pest management strategies. This review provides an overview of plant-environment and plant-insect interactions in the context of terpenes and terpenoids as important chemical mediators of these abiotic and biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delbert Almerick T. Boncan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Stacey S.K. Tsang
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (S.S.K.T.); (C.L.); (I.H.T.L.)
| | - Chade Li
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (S.S.K.T.); (C.L.); (I.H.T.L.)
| | - Ivy H.T. Lee
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (S.S.K.T.); (C.L.); (I.H.T.L.)
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jerome H.L. Hui
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (S.S.K.T.); (C.L.); (I.H.T.L.)
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