151
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Modified Western blotting for insulin and other diabetes-associated peptide hormones. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6949. [PMID: 28761041 PMCID: PMC5537366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Now, the quantification of proinsulin/insulin contents within organisms tends to be evaluated only by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), although assessing the adequacy of results by some quantification method is important. Remarkably, few scientific papers use detection by Western blotting (WB), another immunological assay, of proinsulin/insulin. We found two problems with quantification of insulin and proinsulin by general WB: the shape of an insulin band in gel electrophoresis is distorted, and the retention potency to a blotting membrane of the peptide hormones (mainly insulin) is low. We solved the first problem by optimizing the sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration in the sample buffer and the second problem by glutaraldehyde fixation following treatment with a blocking solution for a short time. The improvements were confirmed by quantification of proinsulin/insulin in standards, MIN6c4 cell lysates, and MIN6c4 culture supernatants. Furthermore, we showed that the modified WB is applicable to other diabetes-associated peptide hormones: insulin analogs, glucagon, GLP-1s, somatostatins, ghrelins, and pancreatic polypeptide. Our data showed that the modified WB can contribute to qualitative or quantitative analyses of diabetes-associated peptides by providing analytical information based on electrophoresis, although ELISA, which is an almost exclusive method in the quantification of peptide hormones, supplies only numerical data.
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152
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Wang K, Wang X, Han CS, Chen LY, Luo Y. Scaffold-supported Transplantation of Islets in the Epididymal Fat Pad of Diabetic Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28784962 DOI: 10.3791/54995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation has been clinically proven to be effective at treating type 1 diabetes. However, the current intrahepatic transplantation strategy may incur acute whole blood reactions and result in poor islet engraftment. Here, we report a robust protocol for the transplantation of islets at the extrahepatic transplantation site-the epididymal fat pad (EFP)-in a diabetic mouse model. A protocol to isolate and purify islets at high yields from C57BL/6J mice is described, as well as a transplantation method performed by seeding islets onto a decellularized scaffold (DCS) and implanting them at the EFP site in syngeneic C57BL/6J mice rendered diabetic by streptozotocin. The DCS graft containing 500 islets reversed the hyperglycemic condition within 10 days, while the free islets without DCS required at least 30 days. The normoglycemia was maintained for up to 3 months until the graft was explanted. In conclusion, DCS enhanced the engraftment of islets into the extrahepatic site of the EFP, which could easily be retrieved and might provide a reproducible and useful platform for investigating the scaffold materials, as well as other transplantation parameters required for a successful islet engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University
| | | | | | - Ying Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University;
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153
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Ayenehdeh JM, Niknam B, Hashemi SM, Rahavi H, Rezaei N, Soleimani M, Tajik N. Introducing a New Experimental Islet Transplantation Model using Biomimetic Hydrogel and a Simple High Yield Islet Isolation Technique. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2017; 21:218-27. [PMID: 27752182 PMCID: PMC5459937 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.4.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation could be an ideal alternative treatment to insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). This clinical and experimental field requires a model that covers problems such as requiring a large number of functional and viable islets, the optimal transplantation site, and the prevention of islet dispersion. Hence, the methods of choice for isolation of functional islets and transplantation are crucial. METHODS The present study has introduced an experimental model that overcomes some critical issues in islet transplantation, including in situ pancreas perfusion by digestive enzymes through common bile duct. In comparison with conventional methods, we inflated the pancreas in Petri dishes with only 1 ml collagenase type XI solution, which was followed by hand-picking isolation or Ficoll gradient separation to purify the islets. Then we used a hydrogel composite in which the islets were embedded and transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS As compared to the yield of the classical methods, in our modified technique, the mean yield of isolation was about 130-200 viable islets/mouse pancreas. In vitro glucose-mediated insulin secretion assay indicated an appropriate response in isolated islets. In addition, data from in vivo experiments revealed that the allograft remarkably maintained blood glucose levels under 400 mg/dl and hydrogel composite prevents the passage of immune cells. CONCLUSION In the model presented here, the rapid islet isolation technique and the application of biomimetic hydrogel wrapping of islets could facilitate islet transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Mohammadi Ayenehdeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Niknam
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahavi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Tajik
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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154
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Azzarelli R, Hurley C, Sznurkowska MK, Rulands S, Hardwick L, Gamper I, Ali F, McCracken L, Hindley C, McDuff F, Nestorowa S, Kemp R, Jones K, Göttgens B, Huch M, Evan G, Simons BD, Winton D, Philpott A. Multi-site Neurogenin3 Phosphorylation Controls Pancreatic Endocrine Differentiation. Dev Cell 2017; 41:274-286.e5. [PMID: 28457793 PMCID: PMC5425251 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The proneural transcription factor Neurogenin3 (Ngn3) plays a critical role in pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation, although regulation of Ngn3 protein is largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that Ngn3 protein undergoes cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-mediated phosphorylation on multiple serine-proline sites. Replacing wild-type protein with a phosphomutant form of Ngn3 increases α cell generation, the earliest endocrine cell type to be formed in the developing pancreas. Moreover, un(der)phosphorylated Ngn3 maintains insulin expression in adult β cells in the presence of elevated c-Myc and enhances endocrine specification during ductal reprogramming. Mechanistically, preventing multi-site phosphorylation enhances both Ngn3 stability and DNA binding, promoting the increased expression of target genes that drive differentiation. Therefore, multi-site phosphorylation of Ngn3 controls its ability to promote pancreatic endocrine differentiation and to maintain β cell function in the presence of pro-proliferation cues and could be manipulated to promote and maintain endocrine differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Azzarelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Christopher Hurley
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Steffen Rulands
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauer Straße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Hardwick
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Ivonne Gamper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Fahad Ali
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Laura McCracken
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Christopher Hindley
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Fiona McDuff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Sonia Nestorowa
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Richard Kemp
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Gerard Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Douglas Winton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Anna Philpott
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
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155
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Pradhan G, Wu CS, Han Lee J, Kanikarla P, Guo S, Yechoor VK, Samson SL, Sun Y. Obestatin stimulates glucose-induced insulin secretion through ghrelin receptor GHS-R. Sci Rep 2017; 7:979. [PMID: 28428639 PMCID: PMC5430520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexigenic hormone ghrelin and anorexic hormone obestatin are encoded by the same preproghrelin gene. While it is known that ghrelin inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), the effect of obestatin on GSIS is unclear. Ghrelin’s effect is mediated by its receptor Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R), but the physiologically relevant receptor of obestatin remains debatable. Here we have investigated the effect of obestatin on GSIS in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, and tested whether obestatin regulates insulin secretion through GHS-R. We found that under hyperglycemic condition, obestatin augments GSIS in rat insulinoma cells (INS-1) and in pancreatic islets from ghrelin−/− mice. Surprisingly, obestatin-induced GSIS was absent in β-cells in which GHS-R was suppressed. Obestatin-induced insulin secretion was abolished in the circulation of Ghsr−/− mice, and in pancreatic islets isolated from Ghsr−/− mice. We also found that obestatin-induced GSIS was attenuated in islets isolated from β-cell-specific Ghsr knockout MIP-Cre/ERT;Ghsrf/f mice. Our data collectively demonstrate that obestatin is a potent insulin secretagogue under hyperglycemic condition, and obestatin’s effect on insulin secretion is mediated by GHS-R in pancreatic β-cells. Our findings reveal an intriguing insight that obestatin and ghrelin have opposing effects on insulin secretion, and both are mediated through ghrelin receptor GHS-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetali Pradhan
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chia-Shan Wu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jong Han Lee
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Korea
| | - Preeti Kanikarla
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vijay K Yechoor
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Samson
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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156
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Ma SN, Yuan YH, Guo XR, Li DS. Subcapsular Implantation of Pancreatic Islets in Syngeneic, Allogeneic, and Xenogeneic Mice. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2821-2825. [PMID: 27788824 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable and reproducible transplantation is essential to the success of a number of particular investigations. Renal subcapsule is the most selected site for islet transplantation mainly owing to its easy access, readiness for retrieval, and possibility of reimplantation. METHODS Syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic islets were transplanted into kidney capsules of Balb/C and C57BL/6J mice, and the blood glucose levels of the experimental animals were periodically monitored. Detailed procedures on mouse diabetic model and islet implantation are described. RESULTS The values of blood glucose measured under varied transplant circumstances are presented, covering syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic islet transplantations. The methodology is straightforward and has been proven to be practicable and reproducible. CONCLUSIONS The parallel observations in different transplant situations provide a valuable contribution to and useful information for diabetes-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-N Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-H Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - X-R Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - D-S Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China.
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157
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Lee SM, Baik J, Nguyen D, Nguyen V, Liu S, Hu Z, Abbott GW. Kcne2 deletion impairs insulin secretion and causes type 2 diabetes mellitus. FASEB J 2017; 31:2674-2685. [PMID: 28280005 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a rapidly increasing threat to global public health. T2DM arises largely from obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise, but it also involves genetic predisposition. Here we report that the KCNE2 potassium channel transmembrane regulatory subunit is expressed in human and mouse pancreatic β cells. Kcne2 deletion in mice impaired glucose tolerance as early as 5 wk of age in pups fed a Western diet, ultimately causing diabetes. In adult mice fed normal chow, skeletal muscle expression of insulin receptor β and insulin receptor substrate 1 were down-regulated 2-fold by Kcne2 deletion, characteristic of T2DM. Kcne2 deletion also caused extensive pancreatic transcriptome changes consistent with facets of T2DM, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and hyperproliferation. Kcne2 deletion impaired β-cell insulin secretion in vitro up to 8-fold and diminished β-cell peak outward K+ current at positive membrane potentials, but also left-shifted its voltage dependence and slowed inactivation. Interestingly, we also observed an aging-dependent reduction in β-cell outward currents in both Kcne2+/+ and Kcne2-/- mice. Our results demonstrate that KCNE2 is required for normal β-cell electrical activity and insulin secretion, and that Kcne2 deletion causes T2DM. KCNE2 may regulate multiple K+ channels in β cells, including the T2DM-linked KCNQ1 potassium channel α subunit.-Lee, S. M., Baik, J., Nguyen, D., Nguyen, V., Liu, S., Hu, Z., Abbott, G. W. Kcne2 deletion impairs insulin secretion and causes type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Lee
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Baik
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dara Nguyen
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Victoria Nguyen
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA;
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158
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Xu J, Peng B, Zhang C, Xu J, Ma Y, Lu X. A modified method for isolating mouse islets of an adequate quality, quantity, and purity. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:455-458. [PMID: 28257581 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse islets are widely used in diabetes research. Thus an adequate quality, quantity, and purity of islets are needed for high-quality investigations. We performed a combination of filtration and density gradient separation and optimized many steps in the islet isolation procedure, including perfusion, digestion, and purification. Our results show that an increased quality, quantity, and purity of isolated islets can be achieved using these modifications. Moreover, this method can guarantee maximal recovery and purity of the isolated islets and is easy to perform with practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Xu
- a Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Baogang Peng
- a Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- b Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meizhou 514000, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Xu
- b Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meizhou 514000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ma
- c Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xinjun Lu
- b Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meizhou 514000, P.R. China
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159
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Cheng CW, Villani V, Buono R, Wei M, Kumar S, Yilmaz OH, Cohen P, Sneddon JB, Perin L, Longo VD. Fasting-Mimicking Diet Promotes Ngn3-Driven β-Cell Regeneration to Reverse Diabetes. Cell 2017; 168:775-788.e12. [PMID: 28235195 PMCID: PMC5357144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies can potentially reverse organ dysfunction and diseases, but the removal of impaired tissue and activation of a program leading to organ regeneration pose major challenges. In mice, a 4-day fasting mimicking diet (FMD) induces a stepwise expression of Sox17 and Pdx-1, followed by Ngn3-driven generation of insulin-producing β cells, resembling that observed during pancreatic development. FMD cycles restore insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in both type 2 and type 1 diabetes mouse models. In human type 1 diabetes pancreatic islets, fasting conditions reduce PKA and mTOR activity and induce Sox2 and Ngn3 expression and insulin production. The effects of the FMD are reversed by IGF-1 treatment and recapitulated by PKA and mTOR inhibition. These results indicate that a FMD promotes the reprogramming of pancreatic cells to restore insulin generation in islets from T1D patients and reverse both T1D and T2D phenotypes in mouse models. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Cheng
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Koch Institute at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Roberta Buono
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.
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160
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Kim HK, Kwon O, Park KH, Lee KJ, Youn BS, Kim SW, Kim MS. Angiopoietin-like peptide 4 regulates insulin secretion and islet morphology. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:113-118. [PMID: 28188788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells is primarily regulated by the blood glucose level, and also modulated by a number of biological factors produced inside the islets or released from remote organs. Previous studies have shown that angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) controls glucose and lipid metabolism through its actions in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles. In this present study, we investigated the possible role of Angptl4 in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Angptl4 was found to be highly expressed in the α-cells but not β-cells of rodent islets. Moreover, treatment of rodent islets with Angptl4 peptide potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism. Consistently, Angptl4 knockout mice showed impaired glucose tolerance. In the cultured islets from Angptl4 knockout mice, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was significantly lower than in islets from wild type mice. Angptl4 peptide replacement partially reversed this reduction. Moreover, Angptl4 knockout mice had dysmorphic islets with abnormally distributed α-cells. In contrast, the β-cell mass and distribution were not significantly altered in these knockout mice. Our current data collectively suggest that Angptl4 may play a critical role in the regulation of insulin secretion and islet morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyong Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Han Park
- Department of Anatomy, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | | | - Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
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161
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Cataldo LR, Mizgier ML, Bravo Sagua R, Jaña F, Cárdenas C, Llanos P, Busso D, Olmos P, Galgani JE, Santos JL, Cortés VA. Prolonged Activation of the Htr2b Serotonin Receptor Impairs Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Mitochondrial Function in MIN6 Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170213. [PMID: 28129327 PMCID: PMC5271329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Pancreatic β-cells synthesize and release serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine, 5HT); however, the role of 5HT receptors on glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and the mechanisms mediating this function is not fully understood. The aims of this study were to determine the expression profile of 5HT receptors in murine MIN6 β-cells and to examine the effects of pharmacological activation of 5HT receptor Htr2b on GSIS and mitochondrial function. Materials and Methods mRNA levels of 5HT receptors in MIN6 cells were quantified by RT qPCR. GSIS was assessed in MIN6 cells in response to global serotonergic activation with 5HT and pharmacological Htr2b activation or inhibition with BW723C86 or SB204741, respectively. In response to Htr2b activation also was evaluated the mRNA and protein levels of PGC1α and PPARy by RT-qPCR and western blotting and mitochondrial function by oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP cellular content. Results We found that mRNA levels of most 5HT receptors were either very low or undetectable in MIN6 cells. By contrast, Htr2b mRNA was present at moderate levels in these cells. Preincubation (6 h) of MIN6 cells with 5HT or BW723C86 reduced GSIS and the effect of 5HT was prevented by SB204741. Preincubation with BW723C86 increased PGC1α and PPARy mRNA and protein levels and decreased mitochondrial respiration and ATP content in MIN6 cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that prolonged Htr2b activation in murine β-cells decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial activity by mechanisms likely dependent on enhanced PGC1α/PPARy expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María L. Mizgier
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo Sagua
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Jaña
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Cárdenas
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, School of Odontology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Busso
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Olmos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José E. Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- UDA-Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetic Program, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor A. Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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162
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Naba A, Clauser KR, Mani DR, Carr SA, Hynes RO. Quantitative proteomic profiling of the extracellular matrix of pancreatic islets during the angiogenic switch and insulinoma progression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40495. [PMID: 28071719 PMCID: PMC5223159 DOI: 10.1038/srep40495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiogenic switch, the time at which a tumor becomes vascularized, is a critical step in tumor progression. Indeed, without blood supply, tumors will fail to grow beyond 1 mm3 and are unlikely to disseminate. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a major component of the tumor microenvironment, is known to undergo significant changes during angiogenesis and tumor progression. However the extent of these changes remains unknown. In this study, we used quantitative proteomics to profile the composition of the ECM of pancreatic islets in a mouse model of insulinoma characterized by a precisely timed angiogenic switch. Out of the 120 ECM proteins quantified, 35 were detected in significantly different abundance as pancreatic islets progressed from being hyperplastic to angiogenic to insulinomas. Among these, the core ECM proteins, EFEMP1, fibrillin 1, and periostin were found in higher abundance, and decorin, Dmbt1, hemicentin, and Vwa5 in lower abundance. The angiogenic switch being a common feature of solid tumors, we propose that some of the proteins identified represent potential novel anti-angiogenic targets. In addition, we report the characterization of the ECM composition of normal pancreatic islets and propose that this could be of interest for the design of tissue-engineering strategies for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Naba
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - D R Mani
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Steven A Carr
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Richard O Hynes
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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163
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Rice CR, Faulkner RA, Jewsbury RA, Bullock S, Dunmore R. A structural study of dithizone coordination chemistry. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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164
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An optimized protocol for purification of functional islets of Langerhans. J Transl Med 2017; 97:70-83. [PMID: 27892930 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Islets of Langerhans and β-cell isolation constitute routinely used cell models for diabetic research, and refining islet isolation protocols and cell quality assessment is a high priority. Numerous protocols have been published describing isolate of islets, but often rigorous and systematic assessment of their integrity is lacking. Herein, we propose a new protocol for optimal generation of islets. Pancreases from mice and rats were excised and digested using a low-activity collagenase solution and islets were then purified by a series of sedimentations and a Percoll gradient. Islets were maintained in culture for 5 days, during which viability, pro/antiapoptotic, and islet-specific genes, glucose-stimulated calcium entry, glucose uptake, and insulin secretion were assessed. The commonly used islet isolation technique by collagenase injection through the common bile duct (CBD) was also performed and compared with the present approach. This new protocol produced islets that retained a healthy status as demonstrated by the yield of stable living cells. Furthermore, calcium oscillation, glucose uptake, and insulin secretion remained intact in the islet cultures. This was reproducible when many rodent species were used, and neither sex nor age affected the cells behavior. When compared with the CBD technique, islet physiology was similar. Finally, this approach was used to uncover new ion channel candidates implicated in insulin secretion. In conclusion, this study outlines an efficient protocol for islet preparation that may support research into new therapeutic targets in diabetes research.
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165
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Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT Y (PIASy) Regulates Insulin Secretion by Interacting with LIM Homeodomain Transcription Factor Isl1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39308. [PMID: 28000708 PMCID: PMC5175275 DOI: 10.1038/srep39308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the LIM homeodomain transcription factor Isl1 is highly expressed in all pancreatic endocrine cells and functions in regulating pancreatic development and insulin secretion. The Isl1 mutation has been found to be associated with type 2 diabetes, but the mechanism responsible for Isl1 regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion still needs to be elucidated. In the present study, the protein inhibitor of activated STAT Y (PIASy) was identified as a novel Isl1-interacting protein with a yeast two-hybrid system, and its interaction with Isl1 was further confirmed by a co-immunoprecipitation experiment. PIASy and Isl1 colocalize in human and mouse pancreas and NIT beta cells. Furthermore, PIASy and Isl1 upregulate insulin gene expression and insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner by activating the insulin promoter. PIASy and Isl1 mRNA expression levels were also increased in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. In addition, our results demonstrate that PIASy and Isl1 cooperate to activate the insulin promoter through the Isl1 homeodomain and PIASy ring domain. These data suggest that that PIASy regulates insulin synthesis and secretion by interacting with Isl1 and provide new insight into insulin regulation, although the detailed molecular mechanism needs to be clarified in future studies.
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166
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Tripathi D, Venkatasubramanian S, Cheekatla SS, Paidipally P, Welch E, Tvinnereim AR, Vankayalapati R. A TLR9 agonist promotes IL-22-dependent pancreatic islet allograft survival in type 1 diabetic mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13896. [PMID: 27982034 PMCID: PMC5171644 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising potential cure for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Islet allografts can survive long term in the liver parenchyma. Here we show that liver NK1.1+ cells induce allograft tolerance in a T1D mouse model. The tolerogenic effects of NK1.1+ cells are mediated through IL-22 production, which enhances allograft survival and increases insulin secretion. Increased expression of NKG2A by liver NK1.1+ cells in islet allograft-transplanted mice is involved in the production of IL-22 and in the reduced inflammatory response to allografts. Vaccination of T1D mice with a CpG oligonucleotide TLR9 agonist (ODN 1585) enhances expansion of IL-22-producing CD3-NK1.1+ cells in the liver and prolongs allograft survival. Our study identifies a role for liver NK1.1+ cells, IL-22 and CpG oligonucleotides in the induction of tolerance to islet allografts in the liver parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - Sambasivan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - Satyanarayana S. Cheekatla
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - Elwyn Welch
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - Amy R. Tvinnereim
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
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167
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Abstract
In light of the emerging diabetes epidemic, new experimental approaches in islet research are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind pancreatic islet dysfunction and to facilitate the development of more effective therapies. Optogenetics has created numerous new experimental tools enabling us to gain insights into processes little was known about before. The spatial and temporal precision that it can achieve is also attractive for studying the cells of the pancreatic islet and we set out to explore the possibilities of this technology for our purposes. We here describe how to use the islets of an "optogenetic beta-cell" mouse line in islet batch incubations and Ca(2+) imaging experiments. This protocol enables light-induced insulin release and provides an all-optical solution to control and measure intracellular Ca(2+) levels in pancreatic beta-cells. The technique is easy to set up and provides a useful tool for controlling the activity of distinct islet cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Reinbothe
- Department of Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, Medicinaregatan 11-13, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Inês G Mollet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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168
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Yin N, Chen T, Yu Y, Han Y, Yan F, Zheng Z, Chen Z. Facile mechanical shaking method is an improved isolation approach for islet preparation and transplantation. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3658-3664. [PMID: 28101160 PMCID: PMC5228319 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful islet isolation is crucial for islet transplantation and cell treatment for type 1 diabetes. Current isolation methods are able to obtain 500-1,000 islets per rat, which results in a waste of ≥50% of total islets. In the present study, a facile mechanical shaking method for improving islet yield (up to 1,500 per rat) was developed and summarized, which was demonstrated to be more effective than the existing well-established stationary method. The present results showed that isolated islets have a maximum yield of 1,326±152 when shaking for 15 min for the fully-cannulated pancreas. For both fully-cannulated and half-cannulated pancreas in the presence of rat DNAse inhibitor, the optimal shaking time was amended to 20 min with a further increased yield of 1,344±134 and 1,286±124 islets, respectively. Furthermore, the majority of the isolated islets were morphologically intact with a well-defined surface and almost no central necrotic zone, which suggested that the condition of islets obtained via the mechanical shaking method was consistent with the stationary method. Islet size distribution was also calculated and it was demonstrated that islets from the stationary method exhibited the same size distribution as the non-cannulated group, which had more larger islets than the fully-cannulated and half-cannulated groups isolated via the shaking method. In addition, the results of glucose challenge showed that the refraction index of each group was >2.5, which indicated the well-preserved function of isolated islets. Furthermore, the transplanted islets exhibited a therapeutic effect after 1 day of transplantation; however, they failed to control blood glucose levels after ~7 days of transplantation. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the facile mechanical shaking method may markedly improve the yield of rat islet isolation, and in vitro and in vivo investigation demonstrated the well-preserved function of isolated islets in the control of blood glucose. Therefore, the facile mechanical shaking method may be an alternative improved procedure to obtain higher islet yield for islet preparation and transplantation in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Yu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China; Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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169
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Sorrenson B, Cognard E, Lee KL, Dissanayake WC, Fu Y, Han W, Hughes WE, Shepherd PR. A Critical Role for β-Catenin in Modulating Levels of Insulin Secretion from β-Cells by Regulating Actin Cytoskeleton and Insulin Vesicle Localization. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25888-25900. [PMID: 27777306 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes regulating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and its modulation by incretins in pancreatic β-cells are only partly understood. Here we investigate the involvement of β-catenin in these processes. Reducing β-catenin levels using siRNA knockdown attenuated GSIS in a range of β-cell models and blocked the ability of GLP-1 agonists and the depolarizing agent KCl to potentiate this. This could be mimicked in both β-cell models and isolated islets by short-term exposure to the β-catenin inhibitory drug pyrvinium. In addition, short-term treatment with a drug that increases β-catenin levels results in an increase in insulin secretion. The timing of these effects suggests that β-catenin is required for the processes regulating trafficking and/or release of pre-existing insulin granules rather than for those regulated by gene expression. This was supported by the finding that the overexpression of the transcriptional co-activator of β-catenin, transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), attenuated insulin secretion, consistent with the extra TCF7L2 translocating β-catenin from the plasma membrane pool to the nucleus. We show that β-catenin depletion disrupts the intracellular actin cytoskeleton, and by using total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that β-catenin is required for the glucose- and incretin-induced depletion of insulin vesicles from near the plasma membrane. In conclusion, we find that β-catenin levels modulate Ca2+-dependent insulin exocytosis under conditions of glucose, GLP-1, or KCl stimulation through a role in modulating insulin secretory vesicle localization and/or fusion via actin remodeling. These findings also provide insights as to how the overexpression of TCF7L2 may attenuate insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brie Sorrenson
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Emmanuelle Cognard
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn L Lee
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Waruni C Dissanayake
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yanyun Fu
- the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667
| | - Weiping Han
- the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667
| | - William E Hughes
- the Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and.,the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, .,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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170
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Ciclopirox enhances pancreatic islet health by modulating the unfolded protein response in diabetes. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1957-1968. [PMID: 27757583 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic dysfunction during diabetes is linked to the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on pancreatic beta (β) cells. Our laboratory recently discovered that p21 protects from diabetes by modifying the outcome of ER stress response. In the present study, we explored the antidiabetic activity of ciclopirox (CPX), an iron chelator and recently described activator of p21 expression. The effects of CPX in beta cell survival and function were assessed in cultured islets in vitro as well as in diabetic mice in vivo. The consequences of CPX in high glucose-induced insulin release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were also evaluated. Islet survival assays confirmed the significance of p21 in the regulation of glucotoxicity and suggested that CPX counteracts glucotoxicity in a manner that depends on p21. In vivo, administration of CPX in wild-type (WT) diabetic mice restored glucose homeostasis. In WT-cultured islets, CPX suppressed the expression of ER stress markers BiP, GRP94, and CHOP and reduced the levels of ROS during culture at high glucose. This reduction of ER stress may be associated with the ability of CPX to inhibit insulin release. Iron citrate stimulated insulin release, which was inhibited by CPX that functions as an iron chelator. It is conceivable that inhibition of insulin production constrains ER stress in islets promoting their survival and thus protecting from diabetes in vivo. This unfolded protein response (UPR)-antagonizing activity of CPX suggests application for the management not only of diabetes but also of other conditions related to ER stress.
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171
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Deisl C, Anderegg M, Albano G, Lüscher BP, Cerny D, Soria R, Bouillet E, Rimoldi S, Scherrer U, Fuster DG. Loss of Sodium/Hydrogen Exchanger NHA2 Exacerbates Obesity- and Aging-Induced Glucose Intolerance in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163568. [PMID: 27685945 PMCID: PMC5042380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHA2, also known as NHEDC2 or SLC9B2, is critical for insulin secretion by β–cells. To gain more insights into the role of NHA2 on systemic glucose homeostasis, we studied the impact of loss of NHA2 during the physiological aging process and in the setting of diet-induced obesity. While glucose tolerance was normal at 2 months of age, NHA2 KO mice displayed a significant glucose intolerance at 5 and 12 months of age, respectively. An obesogenic high fat diet further exacerbated the glucose intolerance of NHA2 KO mice. Insulin levels remained similar in NHA2 KO and WT mice during aging and high fat diet, but fasting insulin/glucose ratios were significantly lower in NHA2 KO mice. Peripheral insulin sensitivity, measured by insulin tolerance tests and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, was unaffected by loss of NHA2 during aging and high fat diet. High fat diet diminished insulin secretion capacity in both WT and NHA2 KO islets and reduced expression of NHA2 in WT islets. In contrast, aging was characterized by a gradual increase of NHA2 expression in islets, paralleled by an increasing difference in insulin secretion between WT and NHA2 KO islets. In summary, our results demonstrate that loss of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHA2 exacerbates obesity- and aging-induced glucose intolerance in mice. Furthermore, our data reveal a close link between NHA2 expression and insulin secretion capacity in islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Deisl
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Manuel Anderegg
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Albano
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Benjamin P. Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - David Cerny
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Soria
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Bouillet
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rimoldi
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Division of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biologia, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica, Chile
| | - Daniel G. Fuster
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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172
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Song Z, Fusco J, Zimmerman R, Fischbach S, Chen C, Ricks DM, Prasadan K, Shiota C, Xiao X, Gittes GK. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Regulates β Cell Proliferation in Adult Mice. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22630-22637. [PMID: 27587395 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.747840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of β cell proliferation is an important initial step in restoring β cell mass in the diabetic patient. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) was significantly up-regulated in the islets of C57BL/6 mice after 50% partial pancreatectomy (PPx), a model for workload-induced β cell proliferation. Specific deletion of EGFR in the β cells of adult mice impaired β cell proliferation at baseline and after 50% PPx, suggesting that the EGFR signaling pathway plays an essential role in adult β cell proliferation. Further analyses showed that β cell-specific depletion of EGFR resulted in impaired expression of cyclin D1 and impaired suppression of p27 after PPx, both of which enhance β cell proliferation. These data highlight the importance of EGFR signaling and its downstream signaling cascade in postnatal β cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Song
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China, and
| | - Joseph Fusco
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Ray Zimmerman
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Shane Fischbach
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Congde Chen
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - David Matthew Ricks
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224,
| | - George K Gittes
- From the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224,
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173
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Veprik A, Laufer D, Weiss S, Rubins N, Walker MD. GPR41 modulates insulin secretion and gene expression in pancreatic β‐cells and modifies metabolic homeostasis in fed and fasting states. FASEB J 2016; 30:3860-3869. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500030r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Veprik
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Dana Laufer
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Sara Weiss
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Nir Rubins
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Michael D. Walker
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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174
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Kotoh J, Sasaki D, Matsumoto K, Maeda A. Plekhs1 and Prdx3 are candidate genes responsible for mild hyperglycemia associated with obesity in a new animal model of F344-fa-nidd6 rat. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1683-1691. [PMID: 27523322 PMCID: PMC5138422 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic disease and characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin
resistance, and it is strongly associated with obesity. However, the mechanism by which
obesity contributes to onset of type 2 diabetes is not well understood. We generated rat
strains with a hyperglycemic quantitative trait locus (QTL) derived from the Otsuka
Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat and a fa/fa
(Lepr–/–) locus derived from the Zucker Fatty rat.
Phenotypes for plasma glucose, and insulin levels were measured, and RNA and protein
levels were determined using reverse transcription quantitative PCR and Western blot
analyses, respectively. Compared with the obese control strain F344-fa
(Lepr–/–), plasma glucose levels of the obese
F344-fa-nidd6 (Lepr–/– and
Nidd6/of) significantly increased, and plasma insulin levels
significantly decreased. These phenotypes were not observed in the lean strains,
suggesting that the Nidd6/of locus harbors a diabetogenic gene associated
with obesity. We measured the expression of 41 genes in the Nidd6/of QTL
region of each strain and found that the mRNA expression levels of the two genes
significantly differed between the obese strains. The two genes, pleckstrin homology
domain-containing, family S member 1 (Plechs1) and peroxiredoxin III
(Prdx3), were differentially expressed only in the obese rats,
suggesting that these two genes are involved in the mild elevation of blood glucose levels
and insulin resistance in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kotoh
- Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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175
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Yasuma T, Yano Y, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Toda M, Gil-Bernabe P, Kobayashi T, Nishihama K, Hinneh JA, Mifuji-Moroka R, Roeen Z, Morser J, Cann I, Motoh I, Takei Y, Gabazza EC. Amelioration of Diabetes by Protein S. Diabetes 2016; 65:1940-51. [PMID: 27207541 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein S is an anticoagulant factor that also regulates inflammation and cell apoptosis. The effect of protein S on diabetes and its complications is unknown. This study compared the development of diabetes between wild-type and transgenic mice overexpressing human protein S and the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis between mice treated with and without human protein S and between wild-type and protein S transgenic mice. Mice overexpressing protein S showed significant improvements in blood glucose level, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion compared with wild-type counterparts. Exogenous protein S improved insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, skeletal muscle, and liver cell lines in db/db mice compared with controls. Significant inhibition of apoptosis with increased expression of BIRC3 and Bcl-2 and enhanced activation of Akt/PKB was induced by protein S in islet β-cells compared with controls. Diabetic wild-type mice treated with protein S and diabetic protein S transgenic mice developed significantly less severe diabetic glomerulosclerosis than controls. Patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly lower circulating free protein S than healthy control subjects. This study shows that protein S attenuates diabetes by inhibiting apoptosis of β-cells and the development of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yasuma
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yano
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Paloma Gil-Bernabe
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Kota Nishihama
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Josephine A Hinneh
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Rumi Mifuji-Moroka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Ziaurahman Roeen
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - John Morser
- Division of Hematology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Isaac Cann
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology Institute for Genomic Biology and Department of Animal Sciences and Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Iwasa Motoh
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
| | - Esteban C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Japan
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176
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Li L, Pan ZF, Huang X, Wu BW, Li T, Kang MX, Ge RS, Hu XY, Zhang YH, Ge LJ, Zhu DY, Wu YL, Lou YJ. Junctophilin 3 expresses in pancreatic beta cells and is required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2275. [PMID: 27336719 PMCID: PMC5143404 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that junctophilin (JPHs) isoforms act as a physical bridge linking plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for channel crosstalk in excitable cells. Our purpose is to investigate whether JPHs are involved in the proper communication between Ca(2+) influx and subsequent Ca(2+) amplification in pancreatic beta cells, thereby participating in regulating insulin secretion. The expression of JPH isoforms was examined in human and mouse pancreatic tissues, and JPH3 expression was found in both the beta cells. In mice, knockdown of Jph3 (si-Jph3) in islets decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) accompanied by mitochondrial function impairment. Si-Jph3 lowered the insulin secretory response to Ca(2+) signaling in the presence of glucose, and reduced [Ca(2+)]c transient amplitude triggered by caffeine. Si-Jph3 also attenuated mitofusin 2 expression, thereby disturbing the spatial organization of ER-mitochondria contact in islets. These results suggest that the regulation of GSIS by the KATP channel-independent pathways is partly impaired due to decrease of JPH3 expression in mouse islets. JPH3 also binds to type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2) in mouse and human pancreatic tissues, which might contribute to Ca(2+) release amplification in GSIS. This study demonstrates some previously unrecognized findings in pancreatic tissues: (1) JPH3 expresses in mouse and human beta cells; (2) si-Jph3 in mouse primary islets impairs GSIS in vitro; (3) impairment in GSIS in si-Jph3 islets is due to changes in RyR2-[Ca(2+)]c transient amplitude and ER-mitochondria contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z-F Pan
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Huang
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - B-W Wu
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - T Li
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - M-X Kang
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - R-S Ge
- The Population Council at the Rockefeller University, New York 10021, NY, USA
- Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - X-Y Hu
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Y-H Zhang
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - L-J Ge
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D-Y Zhu
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y-L Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Y-J Lou
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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177
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Natalicchio A, Biondi G, Marrano N, Labarbuta R, Tortosa F, Spagnuolo R, D'Oria R, Carchia E, Leonardini A, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Long-Term Exposure of Pancreatic β-Cells to Palmitate Results in SREBP-1C-Dependent Decreases in GLP-1 Receptor Signaling via CREB and AKT and Insulin Secretory Response. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2243-58. [PMID: 27035653 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of prolonged exposure of pancreatic β-cells to high saturated fatty acids on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) action were investigated. Murine islets, human pancreatic 1.1B4 cells, and rat INS-1E cells were exposed to palmitate for 24 hours. mRNA and protein expression/phosphorylation were measured by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Specific short interfering RNAs were used to knockdown expression of the GLP-1 receptor (Glp1r) and Srebf1. Insulin release was assessed with a specific ELISA. Exposure of murine islets, as well as of human and INS-1E β-cells, to palmitate reduced the ability of exendin-4 to augment insulin mRNA levels, protein content, and release. In addition, palmitate blocked exendin-4-stimulated cAMP-response element-binding protein and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog phosphorylation, whereas phosphorylation of MAPK-ERK kinase-1/2 and ERK-1/2 was not altered. Similarly, RNA interference-mediated suppression of Glp1r expression prevented exendin-4-induced cAMP-response element-binding protein and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog phosphorylation, but did not impair exendin-4 stimulation of MAPK-ERK kinase-1/2 and ERK-1/2. Both islets from mice fed a high fat diet and human and INS-1E β-cells exposed to palmitate showed reduced GLP-1 receptor and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and increased sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1C) mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, suppression of SREBP-1C protein expression prevented the reduction of PDX-1 and GLP-1 receptor levels and restored exendin-4 signaling and action. Finally, treatment of INS-1E cells with metformin for 24 h resulted in inhibition of SREBP-1C expression, increased PDX-1 and GLP-1 receptor levels, consequently, enhancement of exendin-4-induced insulin release. Palmitate impairs exendin-4 effects on β-cells by reducing PDX-1 and GLP-1 receptor expression and signaling in a SREBP-1C-dependent manner. Metformin counteracts the impairment of GLP-1 receptor signaling induced by palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Biondi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Nicola Marrano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rossella Labarbuta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Federica Tortosa
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Spagnuolo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rossella D'Oria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Carchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Anna Leonardini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (A.N., G.B., N.M., R.L., F.T., R.S., R.D., A.L., A.C., S.P., L.L., F.G.), Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; and IRGS Biogem (E.C.), I-83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
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178
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Dooley J, Tian L, Schonefeldt S, Delghingaro-Augusto V, Garcia-Perez JE, Pasciuto E, Di Marino D, Carr EJ, Oskolkov N, Lyssenko V, Franckaert D, Lagou V, Overbergh L, Vandenbussche J, Allemeersch J, Chabot-Roy G, Dahlstrom JE, Laybutt DR, Petrovsky N, Socha L, Gevaert K, Jetten AM, Lambrechts D, Linterman MA, Goodnow CC, Nolan CJ, Lesage S, Schlenner SM, Liston A. Genetic predisposition for beta cell fragility underlies type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet 2016; 48:519-27. [PMID: 26998692 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes share pathophysiological characteristics, yet mechanistic links have remained elusive. T1D results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, whereas beta cell failure in T2D is delayed and progressive. Here we find a new genetic component of diabetes susceptibility in T1D non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, identifying immune-independent beta cell fragility. Genetic variation in Xrcc4 and Glis3 alters the response of NOD beta cells to unfolded protein stress, enhancing the apoptotic and senescent fates. The same transcriptional relationships were observed in human islets, demonstrating the role of beta cell fragility in genetic predisposition to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lei Tian
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susann Schonefeldt
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Informatics, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Edward J Carr
- Lymphocyte Signaling and Development Institute Strategic Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Pathophysiology, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Dean Franckaert
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Vandenbussche
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Genevieve Chabot-Roy
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Department of Endocrinology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luis Socha
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Lymphocyte Signaling and Development Institute Strategic Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J Nolan
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan M Schlenner
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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179
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Moore BD, Jin RU, Lo H, Jung M, Wang H, Battle MA, Wollheim CB, Urano F, Mills JC. Transcriptional Regulation of X-Box-binding Protein One (XBP1) by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4Α) Is Vital to Beta-cell Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6146-57. [PMID: 26792861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.685750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP1), controls the development and maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in multiple secretory cell lineages. We show here that Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) directly induces XBP1 expression. Mutations in HNF4α cause Mature-Onset Diabetes of the Young I (MODYI), a subset of diabetes characterized by diminished GSIS. In mouse models, cell lines, and ex vivo islets, using dominant negative and human- disease-allele point mutants or knock-out and knockdown models, we show that disruption of HNF4α caused decreased expression of XBP1 and reduced cellular ER networks. GSIS depends on ER Ca(2+) signaling; we show that diminished XBP1 and/or HNF4α in β-cells led to impaired ER Ca(2+) homeostasis. Restoring XBP1 expression was sufficient to completely rescue GSIS in HNF4α-deficient β-cells. Our findings uncover a transcriptional relationship between HNF4α and Xbp1 with potentially broader implications about MODYI and the importance of transcription factor signaling in the regulation of secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Moore
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Ramon U Jin
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Heiyong Lo
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Min Jung
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michele A Battle
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Université de Genève, University Medical Centre, 1 rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland, and
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Division of Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jason C Mills
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology & Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,
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180
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Ramírez-Domínguez M. Isolation of Mouse Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 938:25-34. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39824-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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181
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Cataldo LR, Mizgier ML, Busso D, Olmos P, Galgani JE, Valenzuela R, Mezzano D, Aranda E, Cortés VA, Santos JL. Serotonin- and Dopamine-Related Gene Expression in db/db Mice Islets and in MIN6 β-Cells Treated with Palmitate and Oleate. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3793781. [PMID: 27366756 PMCID: PMC4913013 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3793781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) concentration, often reported in diabetes, leads to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through not yet well-defined mechanisms. Serotonin and dopamine might contribute to NEFA-dependent β-cell dysfunction, since extracellular signal of these monoamines decreases GSIS. Moreover, palmitate-treated β-cells may enhance the expression of the serotonin receptor Htr2c, affecting insulin secretion. Additionally, the expression of monoamine-oxidase type B (Maob) seems to be lower in islets from humans and mice with diabetes compared to nondiabetic islets, which may lead to increased monoamine concentrations. We assessed the expression of serotonin- and dopamine-related genes in islets from db/db and wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, the effect of palmitate and oleate on the expression of such genes, 5HT content, and GSIS in MIN6 β-cell was determined. Lower Maob expression was found in islets from db/db versus WT mice and in MIN6 β-cells in response to palmitate and oleate treatment compared to vehicle. Reduced 5HT content and impaired GSIS in response to palmitate (-25%; p < 0.0001) and oleate (-43%; p < 0.0001) were detected in MIN6 β-cells. In conclusion, known defects of GSIS in islets from db/db mice and MIN6 β-cells treated with NEFAs are accompanied by reduced Maob expression and reduced 5HT content.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Cataldo
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, 7620001 Santiago, Chile
| | - M. L. Mizgier
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - D. Busso
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - P. Olmos
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - J. E. Galgani
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- UDA-Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - R. Valenzuela
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 7550367 Santiago, Chile
| | - D. Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Hemostasia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - E. Aranda
- Laboratorio de Hemostasia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - V. A. Cortés
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - J. L. Santos
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
- *J. L. Santos:
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182
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Anastasiou V, Ninou E, Alexopoulou D, Stertmann J, Müller A, Dahl A, Solimena M, Speier S, Serafimidis I, Gavalas A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is necessary for beta cell development and functionality in mice. Diabetologia 2016; 59:139-150. [PMID: 26518685 PMCID: PMC4670456 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic beta cells maintain glucose homeostasis and beta cell dysfunction is a major risk factor in developing diabetes. Therefore, understanding the developmental regulatory networks that define a fully functional beta cell is important for elucidating the genetic origins of the disease. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity has been associated with stem/progenitor cells and we have previously shown that Aldh1b1 is specifically expressed in pancreas progenitor pools. Here we address the hypothesis that Aldh1b1 may regulate the timing of the appearance and eventual functionality of beta cells. METHODS We generated an Aldh1b1-knockout mouse line (Aldh1b1 (tm1lacZ)) and used this to study pancreatic development, beta cell functionality and glucose homeostasis in the absence of Aldh1b1 function. RESULTS Differentiation in the developing pancreas of Aldh1b1 (tm1lacZ) null mice was accelerated. Transcriptome analyses of newborn and adult islets showed misregulation of key beta cell transcription factors and genes crucial for beta cell function. Functional analyses showed that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was severely compromised in islets isolated from null mice. Several key features of beta cell functionality were affected, including control of oxidative stress, glucose sensing, stimulus-coupling secretion and secretory granule biogenesis. As a result of beta cell dysfunction, homozygous mice developed glucose intolerance and age-dependent hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings show that Aldh1b1 influences the timing of the transition from the pancreas endocrine progenitor to the committed beta cell and demonstrate that changes in the timing of this transition lead to beta cell dysfunction and thus constitute a diabetes risk factor later in life. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) accession: GSE58025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Anastasiou
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- DZD - German Centre for Diabetes Research, Germany
| | - Elpiniki Ninou
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitra Alexopoulou
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, BIOTEChnology Center (BioZ), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Stertmann
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- DZD - German Centre for Diabetes Research, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- DZD - German Centre for Diabetes Research, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, BIOTEChnology Center (BioZ), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- DZD - German Centre for Diabetes Research, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- DZD - German Centre for Diabetes Research, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Serafimidis
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, Athens, 11527, Greece.
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- DZD - German Centre for Diabetes Research, Germany, .
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, Athens, 11527, Greece.
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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183
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Sánchez-Zamora YI, Juarez-Avelar I, Vazquez-Mendoza A, Hiriart M, Rodriguez-Sosa M. Altered Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Response in Mif-/- Mice Reveals a Role of Mif for Inflammatory-Th1 Response in Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7053963. [PMID: 27699180 PMCID: PMC5028830 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7053963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Mif) is highly expressed in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, there is limited information about how Mif influences the activation of macrophages (Mφ) and dendritic cells (DC) in T1DM. To address this issue, we induced T1DM by administering multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) to Mif-/- or wild-type (Wt) BALB/c mice. We found that Mif-/- mice treated with STZ (Mif-/-STZ) developed lower levels of hyperglycemia, inflammatory cytokines, and specific pancreatic islet antigen- (PIAg-) IgG and displayed reduced cellular infiltration into the pancreatic islets compared to Wt mice treated with STZ (WtSTZ). Moreover, Mφ and DC from Mif-/-STZ displayed lower expression of MHC-II, costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD40, Toll-like receptor- (TLR-) 2, and TLR-4 than WtSTZ. These changes were associated with a reduced capacity of Mφ and DC from Mif-/-STZ to induce proliferation in ovalbumin-specific T cells. All the deficiencies observed in Mif-/-STZ were recovered by exogenous administration of recombinant Mif. These findings suggest that Mif plays a role in the molecular mechanisms of Mφ and DC activation and drives T cell responses involved in the pathology of T1DM. Therefore, Mif is a potential therapeutic target to reduce the pathology of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
| | - Imelda Juarez-Avelar
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
| | | | - Marcia Hiriart
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, 04510 Coyoacán, MEX, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
- *Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa:
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184
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Dooley J, Garcia-Perez JE, Sreenivasan J, Schlenner SM, Vangoitsenhoven R, Papadopoulou AS, Tian L, Schonefeldt S, Serneels L, Deroose C, Staats KA, Van der Schueren B, De Strooper B, McGuinness OP, Mathieu C, Liston A. The microRNA-29 Family Dictates the Balance Between Homeostatic and Pathological Glucose Handling in Diabetes and Obesity. Diabetes 2016; 65:53-61. [PMID: 26696639 PMCID: PMC4876765 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA-29 (miR-29) family is among the most abundantly expressed microRNA in the pancreas and liver. Here, we investigated the function of miR-29 in glucose regulation using miR-29a/b-1 (miR-29a)-deficient mice and newly generated miR-29b-2/c (miR-29c)-deficient mice. We observed multiple independent functions of the miR-29 family, which can be segregated into a hierarchical physiologic regulation of glucose handling. miR-29a, and not miR-29c, was observed to be a positive regulator of insulin secretion in vivo, with dysregulation of the exocytotic machinery sensitizing β-cells to overt diabetes after unfolded protein stress. By contrast, in the liver both miR-29a and miR-29c were important negative regulators of insulin signaling via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulation. Global or hepatic insufficiency of miR-29 potently inhibited obesity and prevented the onset of diet-induced insulin resistance. These results demonstrate strong regulatory functions for the miR-29 family in obesity and diabetes, culminating in a hierarchical and dose-dependent effect on premature lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jayasree Sreenivasan
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Oncology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan M Schlenner
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lei Tian
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susann Schonefeldt
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Serneels
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Center for Human Genetics, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deroose
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim A Staats
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Center for Human Genetics, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- VIB, Leuven, Belgium Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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185
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Moustafa A, Habara Y. Reciprocal interaction among gasotransmitters in isolated pancreatic β-cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:47-58. [PMID: 26577175 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the interplay among the three well-known gas molecules, nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and their effects on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) and insulin secretion in rat pancreatic β-cells. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the expression of constitutive enzymes that are responsible for the production of NO, CO and H2S. CO and H2S increased NO production as indicated by the increase in diaminofluorescein-2 triazole fluorescence. NO and CO induced an elevation in the sulfane sulfur pool and concomitantly H2S production. The NO- and CO-induced H2S production was partially inhibited by hypotaurine, an H2S scavenger. NO and H2S produced CO production as revealed by a myoglobin assay. A calmodulin antagonist in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) significantly attenuated NO and H2S production. NO and CO induced a [Ca(2+)]i increase mainly via Ca(2+) release from internal stores; however, H2S induced a [Ca(2+)]i increase via the influx of extracellular Ca(2+). NO dose-dependently stimulated basal insulin release but CO dose-dependently inhibited it. H2S showed an insignificant effect on basal insulin secretion from freshly isolated pancreatic islets. Herein, we address for the first time the reciprocal and synergistic relation among gasotransmitters with diverse effects on basal insulin secretion that regulate β-cells functions and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yoshiaki Habara
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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186
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Chen Q, Yan M, Cao Z, Li X, Zhang Y, Shi J, Feng GH, Peng H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Qian J, Duan E, Zhai Q, Zhou Q. Sperm tsRNAs contribute to intergenerational inheritance of an acquired metabolic disorder. Science 2015; 351:397-400. [PMID: 26721680 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad7977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that metabolic disorders in offspring can result from the father's diet, but the mechanism remains unclear. In a paternal mouse model given a high-fat diet (HFD), we showed that a subset of sperm transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), mainly from 5' transfer RNA halves and ranging in size from 30 to 34 nucleotides, exhibited changes in expression profiles and RNA modifications. Injection of sperm tsRNA fractions from HFD males into normal zygotes generated metabolic disorders in the F1 offspring and altered gene expression of metabolic pathways in early embryos and islets of F1 offspring, which was unrelated to DNA methylation at CpG-enriched regions. Hence, sperm tsRNAs represent a paternal epigenetic factor that may mediate intergenerational inheritance of diet-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA
| | - Menghong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhonghong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junchao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gui-hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Beijing Royal Integrative Medicine Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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187
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Innate Immune Molecule Surfactant Protein D Attenuates Sepsis-induced Acute Pancreatic Injury through Modulating Apoptosis and NF-κB-mediated Inflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17798. [PMID: 26634656 PMCID: PMC4669466 DOI: 10.1038/srep17798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis causes multiple-organ dysfunction including pancreatic injury, thus resulting in high mortality. Innate immune molecule surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays a critical role in host defense and regulating inflammation of infectious diseases. In this study we investigated SP-D functions in the acute pancreatic injury (API) with C57BL/6 Wild-type (WT) and SP-D knockout (KO) mice in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Our results confirm SP-D expression in pancreatic islets and intercalated ducts and are the first to explore the role of pancreatic SP-D in sepsis. CLP decreased pancreatic SP-D levels and caused severe pancreatic injury with higher serum amylase 24 h after CLP. Apoptosis and neutrophil infiltration were increased in the pancreas of septic KO mice (p < 0.05, vs septic WT mice), with lower Bcl-2 and higher caspase-3 levels in septic KO mice (p < 0.05). Molecular analysis revealed increased NF-κB-p65 and phosphorylated IκB-α levels along with higher serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in septic KO mice compared to septic WT mice (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in vitro islet cultures stimulated with LPS produced higher TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.05) from KO mice compared to WT mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate SP-D plays protective roles by inhibiting apoptosis and modulating NF-κB-mediated inflammation in CLP-induced API.
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188
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Alonso N, Julián MT, Carrascal J, Colobran R, Pujol-Autonell I, Rodriguez-Fernández S, Teniente A, Fernández MA, Miñarro A, Ruiz de Villa MC, Vives-Pi M, Puig-Domingo M. Type 1 Diabetes Prevention in NOD Mice by Targeting DPPIV/CD26 Is Associated with Changes in CD8⁺T Effector Memory Subset. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142186. [PMID: 26555789 PMCID: PMC4640511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD26 is a T cell activation marker consisting in a type II transmembrane glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity in its extracellular domain. It has been described that DPPIV inhibition delays the onset of type 1 diabetes and reverses the disease in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of MK626, a DPPIV inhibitor, in type 1 diabetes incidence and in T lymphocyte subsets at central and peripheral compartments. Pre-diabetic NOD mice were treated with MK626. Diabetes incidence, insulitis score, and phenotyping of T lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes were determined after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, as well as alterations in the expression of genes encoding β-cell autoantigens in the islets. The effect of MK626 was also assessed in two in vitro assays to determine proliferative and immunosuppressive effects. Results show that MK626 treatment reduces type 1 diabetes incidence and after 6 weeks of treatment reduces insulitis. No differences were observed in the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets from central and peripheral compartments between treated and control mice. MK626 increased the expression of CD26 in CD8+ T effector memory (TEM) from spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes and in CD8+ T cells from islet infiltration. CD8+TEM cells showed an increased proliferation rate and cytokine secretion in the presence of MK626. Moreover, the combination of CD8+ TEM cells and MK626 induces an immunosuppressive response. In conclusion, treatment with the DPPIV inhibitor MK626 prevents experimental type 1 diabetes in association to increase expression of CD26 in the CD8+ TEM lymphocyte subset. In vitro assays suggest an immunoregulatory role of CD8+ TEM cells that may be involved in the protection against autoimmunity to β pancreatic islets associated to DPPIV inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - María Teresa Julián
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrascal
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Colobran
- Service of Immunology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodriguez-Fernández
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Aina Teniente
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Miñarro
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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189
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Meier DT, Entrup L, Templin AT, Hogan MF, Samarasekera T, Zraika S, Boyko EJ, Kahn SE. Determination of Optimal Sample Size for Quantification of β-Cell Area, Amyloid Area and β-Cell Apoptosis in Isolated Islets. J Histochem Cytochem 2015. [PMID: 26216141 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415585995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture of isolated rodent islets is widely used in diabetes research to assess different endpoints, including outcomes requiring histochemical staining. As islet yields during isolation are limited, we determined the number of islets required to obtain reliable data by histology. We found that mean values for insulin-positive β-cell area/islet area, thioflavin S-positive amyloid area/islet area and β-cell apoptosis do not vary markedly when more than 30 islets are examined. Measurement variability declines as more islets are quantified, so that the variability of the coefficient of variation (CV) in human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) transgenic islets for β-cell area/islet area, amyloid area/islet area and β-cell apoptosis are 13.20% ± 1.52%, 10.03% ± 1.76% and 6.78% ± 1.53%, respectively (non-transgenic: 7.65% ± 1.17% β-cell area/islet area and 8.93% ± 1.56% β-cell apoptosis). Increasing the number of islets beyond 30 had marginal effects on the CV. Using 30 islets, 6 hIAPP-transgenic preparations are required to detect treatment effects of 14% for β-cell area/islet area, 30% for amyloid area/islet area and 23% for β-cell apoptosis (non-transgenic: 9% for β-cell area/islet area and 45% for β-cell apoptosis). This information will be of value in the design of studies using isolated islets to examine β cells and islet amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Meier
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (DTM, LE, ATT, MFH, TS, SZ, SEK)
| | - Leon Entrup
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (DTM, LE, ATT, MFH, TS, SZ, SEK)
| | - Andrew T Templin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (DTM, LE, ATT, MFH, TS, SZ, SEK)
| | - Meghan F Hogan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (DTM, LE, ATT, MFH, TS, SZ, SEK)
| | - Thanya Samarasekera
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (DTM, LE, ATT, MFH, TS, SZ, SEK)
| | - Sakeneh Zraika
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (DTM, LE, ATT, MFH, TS, SZ, SEK)
| | - Edward J Boyko
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of General Internal Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (EJB)
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (DTM, LE, ATT, MFH, TS, SZ, SEK)
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190
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Akai R, Hosoda A, Yoshino M, Iwawaki T. Constitutive role of GADD34 and CReP in cancellation of phospho-eIF2α-dependent translational attenuation and insulin biosynthesis in pancreatic β cells. Genes Cells 2015; 20:871-86. [PMID: 26314560 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin biosynthesis has been well characterized with respect to transcriptional and post-translational regulation. However, the relationship between translational regulation of insulin and protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remains to be clarified. Here we carried out forced expression of insulin in non-insulin-producing cells and compared activation level of ER stress-responsive molecules between insulin-producing cells and non-insulin-producing cells under normal culture condition or ER stress condition. Forced expression of insulin in non-insulin-producing cells caused severe ER stress with striking translational attenuation through phosphorylation of eIF2α by activation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), resulting in inhibition of insulin production at the protein level. We also found that GADD34 and CReP are highly expressed in the cells that endogenously produce insulin and that eIF2α shows constitutively low phosphorylation level in these cells although PERK is constitutively activated under both normal culture conditions and physiological conditions in the same cells. Inhibition of eIF2α phosphatase further decreased insulin level in pancreatic β cells. These findings suggest that eIF2α phosphorylation level is kept low by GADD34- and/or CReP-regulated phosphatases in pancreatic β cells and that cancellation of phospho-eIF2α-dependent translational inhibition by the molecular mechanism contributes to mass production of insulin in pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Akai
- Iwawaki Laboratory, Education and Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Iwawaki Initiative Research Unit, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Hosoda
- Iwawaki Initiative Research Unit, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mayuko Yoshino
- Iwawaki Laboratory, Education and Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Iwawaki Laboratory, Education and Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Iwawaki Initiative Research Unit, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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191
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Calderon B, Carrero JA, Ferris ST, Sojka DK, Moore L, Epelman S, Murphy KM, Yokoyama WM, Randolph GJ, Unanue ER. The pancreas anatomy conditions the origin and properties of resident macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1497-512. [PMID: 26347472 PMCID: PMC4577842 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calderon et al. define the origin, turnover, and functional characteristics of pancreatic macrophages at both the exocrine and endocrine sites under noninflammatory conditions. We examine the features, origin, turnover, and gene expression of pancreatic macrophages under steady state. The data distinguish macrophages within distinct intrapancreatic microenvironments and suggest how macrophage phenotype is imprinted by the local milieu. Macrophages in islets of Langerhans and in the interacinar stroma are distinct in origin and phenotypic properties. In islets, macrophages are the only myeloid cells: they derive from definitive hematopoiesis, exchange to a minimum with blood cells, have a low level of self-replication, and depend on CSF-1. They express Il1b and Tnfa transcripts, indicating classical activation, M1, under steady state. The interacinar stroma contains two macrophage subsets. One is derived from primitive hematopoiesis, with no interchange by blood cells and alternative, M2, activation profile, whereas the second is derived from definitive hematopoiesis and exchanges with circulating myeloid cells but also shows an alternative activation profile. Complete replacement of islet and stromal macrophages by donor stem cells occurred after lethal irradiation with identical profiles as observed under steady state. The extraordinary plasticity of macrophages within the pancreatic organ and the distinct features imprinted by their anatomical localization sets the base for examining these cells in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Calderon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Javier A Carrero
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stephen T Ferris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dorothy K Sojka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Lindsay Moore
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Slava Epelman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Emil R Unanue
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; Division of Rheumatology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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192
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Tennant BR, Chen J, Shih AZL, Luciani DS, Hoffman BG. Myt3 Mediates Laminin-V/Integrin-β1-Induced Islet-Cell Migration via Tgfbi. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1254-68. [PMID: 26177052 PMCID: PMC5414683 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myt3 is a prosurvival factor in pancreatic islets; however, its role in islet-cell development is not known. Here, we demonstrate that myelin transcription factor 3 (Myt3) is expressed in migrating islet cells in the developing and neonatal pancreas and thus sought to determine whether Myt3 plays a role in this process. Using an ex vivo model of islet-cell migration, we demonstrate that Myt3 suppression significantly inhibits laminin-V/integrin-β1-dependent α- and β-cell migration onto 804G, and impaired 804G-induced F-actin and E-cadherin redistribution. Exposure of islets to proinflammatory cytokines, which suppress Myt3 expression, had a similar effect, whereas Myt3 overexpression partially rescued the migratory ability of the islet cells. We show that loss of islet-cell migration, due to Myt3 suppression or cytokine exposure, is independent of effects on islet-cell survival or proliferation. Myt3 suppression also had no effect on glucose-induced calcium influx, F-actin remodeling or insulin secretion by β-cells. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of transduced islets showed that Myt3 suppression results in the up-regulation of Tgfbi, a secreted diabetogenic factor thought to impair cellular adhesion. Exposure of islets to exogenous transforming growth factor β-induced (Tgfbi) impaired islet-cell migration similar to Myt3 suppression. Taken together, these data suggest a model by which cytokine-induced Myt3 suppression leads to Tgfbi de-repression and subsequently to impaired islet-cell migration, revealing a novel role for Myt3 in regulating islet-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Tennant
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
| | - Jenny Chen
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
| | - Alexis Z L Shih
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
| | - Dan S Luciani
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
| | - Brad G Hoffman
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
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193
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Aggarwal S, Shailendra G, Ribnicky DM, Burk D, Karki N, Qingxia Wang MS. An extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. stimulates insulin secretion from β cells, activates AMPK and suppresses inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:98-105. [PMID: 25980421 PMCID: PMC4470741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia dracunculus L. (Russian tarragon) is a perennial herb belonging to the family Compositae and has a history of medicinal use in humans, particularly for treatment of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study a defined plant extract from A. dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) is used to improve beta(β) cells function and maintain β cell number in pancreatic islets as an alternative drug approach for successful treatment of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse and human pancreatic beta cells were treated with defined plant extract of A. dracunculus L. (PMI-5011) to understand the mechanism(s) that influence beta cell function and β cell number. RESULTS We found that the PMI-5011 enhances insulin release from primary β cells, isolated mouse and human islets and it maintains β cell number. Insulin released by PMI-5011 is associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase B (PKB). Furthermore, PMI-5011 suppresses LPS/INFγ-induced inflammation and inflammatory mediator(s) in macrophages. PMI-5011 inhibited Nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the protein level and also attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) production in macrophages. CONCLUSION PMI-5011 has potential therapeutic value for diabetes treatment via increasing insulin release from β cells and decreases capacity of macrophages to combat inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Aggarwal
- William Hansel Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Giri Shailendra
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521, USA
| | - David Burk
- Cell Biology and Bio-imaging, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Namrata Karki
- William Hansel Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M S Qingxia Wang
- William Hansel Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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194
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Lonardo E, Cioffi M, Sancho P, Crusz S, Heeschen C. Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies. J Vis Exp 2015:e52801. [PMID: 26132091 PMCID: PMC4544916 DOI: 10.3791/52801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a subset of exclusively tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which have been shown to drive tumor initiation, metastasis and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Here we describe a specific methodology for culturing primary human pancreatic CSCs as tumor spheres in anchorage-independent conditions. Cells are grown in serum-free, non-adherent conditions in order to enrich for CSCs while their more differentiated progenies do not survive and proliferate during the initial phase following seeding of single cells. This assay can be used to estimate the percentage of CSCs present in a population of tumor cells. Both size (which can range from 35 to 250 micrometers) and number of tumor spheres formed represents CSC activity harbored in either bulk populations of cultured cancer cells or freshly harvested and digested tumors. Using this assay, we recently found that metformin selectively ablates pancreatic CSCs; a finding that was subsequently further corroborated by demonstrating diminished expression of pluripotency-associated genes/surface markers and reduced in vivo tumorigenicity of metformin-treated cells. As the final step for preclinical development we treated mice bearing established tumors with metformin and found significantly prolonged survival. Clinical studies testing the use of metformin in patients with PDAC are currently underway (e.g., NCT01210911, NCT01167738, and NCT01488552). Mechanistically, we found that metformin induces a fatal energy crisis in CSCs by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In contrast, non-CSCs were not eliminated by metformin treatment, but rather underwent reversible cell cycle arrest. Therefore, our study serves as a successful example for the potential of in vitro sphere formation as a screening tool to identify compounds that potentially target CSCs, but this technique will require further in vitro and in vivo validation to eliminate false discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Lonardo
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona);
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center; Center for Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London
| | - Shanthini Crusz
- Center for Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center; Center for Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London;
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195
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Natalicchio A, Tortosa F, Labarbuta R, Biondi G, Marrano N, Carchia E, Leonardini A, Cignarelli A, Bugliani M, Marchetti P, Fadini GP, Giorgio M, Avogaro A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. The p66(Shc) redox adaptor protein is induced by saturated fatty acids and mediates lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1260-71. [PMID: 25810038 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The role of the redox adaptor protein p66(Shc) as a potential mediator of saturated fatty acid (FA)-induced beta cell death was investigated. METHODS The effects of the FA palmitate on p66(Shc) expression were evaluated in human and murine islets and in rat insulin-secreting INS-1E cells. p66(Shc) expression was also measured in islets from mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and from human donors with different BMIs. Cell apoptosis was quantified by two independent assays. The role of p66(Shc) was investigated using pancreatic islets from p66 (Shc-/-) mice and in INS-1E cells with knockdown of p66(Shc) or overexpression of wild-type and phosphorylation-defective p66(Shc). Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by the dihydroethidium oxidation method. RESULTS Palmitate induced a selective increase in p66(Shc) protein expression and phosphorylation on Ser(36) and augmented apoptosis in human and mouse islets and in INS-1E cells. Inhibiting the tumour suppressor protein p53 prevented both the palmitate-induced increase in p66(Shc) expression and beta cell apoptosis. Palmitate-induced apoptosis was abrogated in islets from p66 (Shc-/-) mice and following p66 (Shc) knockdown in INS-1E cells; by contrast, overexpression of p66(Shc), but not that of the phosphorylation-defective p66(Shc) mutant, enhanced palmitate-induced apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic effects of p66(Shc) were dependent upon its c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation on Ser(36) and associated with generation of ROS. p66(Shc) protein expression and function were also elevated in islets from HFD-fed mice and from obese/overweight cadaveric human donors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION p53-dependent augmentation of p66(Shc) expression and function represents a key signalling response contributing to beta cell apoptosis under conditions of lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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196
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Alonso-Magdalena P, García-Arévalo M, Quesada I, Nadal Á. Bisphenol-A treatment during pregnancy in mice: a new window of susceptibility for the development of diabetes in mothers later in life. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1659-70. [PMID: 25830705 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence now exists supporting the hypothesis that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can harmfully impact glucose metabolism. Thus, EDCs are beginning to be considered important contributors to the increased incidence of diabetes, obesity, or both. The possible effect of exposure to EDCs during pregnancy on glucose homeostasis in mothers later in life is presently unknown. Here we show that several months after delivery, mothers treated with the widespread EDC bisphenol-A (BPA) during gestation, at environmentally relevant doses, exhibit profound glucose intolerance and altered insulin sensitivity as well as increased body weight. These mice presented a decreased insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro together with reduced pancreatic β-cell mass. The proliferation capacity was decreased in association with a diminished expression of the cell cycle activators: cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase-4. In addition, the rate of β-cells apoptosis was increased as well as the expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p53. Conversely, no effects on glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity were observed when female nonpregnant mice were treated with BPA at the same doses. Taken together, these findings reveal that BPA exposure during gestation has harmful long-term implications in glucose metabolism for the mother. This finding highlights a new window of susceptibility for EDC exposure that may be important for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada (P.A.-M., I.Q.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) (P.A.-M., M.G.-A., I.Q., A.N.), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
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197
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Spelios MG, Olsen JA, Kenna LA, Akirav EM. Islet Endothelial Cells Induce Glycosylation and Increase Cell-surface Expression of Integrin β1 in β Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15250-9. [PMID: 25911095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-culturing of insulinoma and islet-derived endothelial cell (iEC) lines results in the spontaneous formation of free-floating pseudoislets (PIs). We previously showed that iEC-induced PIs display improved insulin expression and secretion in response to glucose stimulation. This improvement was associated with a de novo deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by iECs in and around the PIs. Here, iEC-induced PIs were used to study the expression and posttranslational modification of the ECM receptor integrin β1. A wide array of integrin β subunits was detected in βTC3 and NIT-1 insulinomas as well as in primary islets, with integrin β1 mRNA and protein detected in all three cell types. Interestingly, the formation of iEC-induced PIs altered the glycosylation patterns of integrin β1, resulting in a higher molecular weight form of the receptor. This form was found in native pancreas but was completely absent in monolayer β-cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of monolayers and PIs revealed a higher expression of integrin β1 in PIs. Antibody-mediated blocking of integrin β1 led to alterations in β-cell morphology, reduced insulin gene expression, and enhanced glucose secretion under baseline conditions. These results suggest that iEC-induced PI formation may alter integrin β1 expression and posttranslational modification by enhancing glycosylation, thereby providing a more physiological culture system for studying integrin-ECM interactions in β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Spelios
- From the Research Institute, Islet Biology, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501 and
| | - John A Olsen
- From the Research Institute, Islet Biology, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501 and
| | - Lauren A Kenna
- From the Research Institute, Islet Biology, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501 and
| | - Eitan M Akirav
- From the Research Institute, Islet Biology, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501 and Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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198
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Li L, Li T, Zhang Y, Pan Z, Wu B, Huang X, Zhang Y, Mei Y, Ge L, Shen G, Ge RS, Zhu D, Lou Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorβ/δ activation is essential for modulating p-Foxo1/Foxo1 status in functional insulin-positive cell differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1715. [PMID: 25855963 PMCID: PMC4650555 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) participate in energy homeostasis and play essential roles in diabetes therapy through their effects on non-pancreas tissues. Pathological microenvironment may influence the metabolic requirements for the maintenance of stem cell differentiation. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms of PPARs on pancreatic β-cell differentiation may be helpful to find the underlying targets of disrupted energy homeostasis under the pancreatic disease condition. PPARs are involved in stem cell differentiation via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but the subtype member activation and the downstream regulation in functional insulin-positive (INS+) cell differentiation remain unclear. Here, we show a novel role of PPARβ/δ activation in determining INS+ cell differentiation and functional maturation. We found PPARβ/δ expression selectively upregulated in mouse embryonic pancreases or stem cells-derived INS+ cells at the pancreatic mature stage in vivo and in vitro. Strikingly, given the inefficiency of generating INS+ cells in vitro, PPARβ/δ activation displayed increasing mouse and human ES cell-derived INS+ cell numbers and insulin secretion. This phenomenon was closely associated with the forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) nuclear shuttling, which was dependent on PPARβ/δ downstream PI3K/Akt signaling transduction. The present study reveals the essential role of PPARβ/δ activation on p-Foxo1/Foxo1 status, and in turn, determining INS+ cell generation and insulin secretion via affecting pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 expression. The results demonstrate the underlying mechanism by which PPARβ/δ activation promotes functional INS+ cell differentiation. It also provides potential targets for anti-diabetes drug discovery and hopeful clinical applications in human cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - T Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Pan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - B Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Huang
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Mei
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - L Ge
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Shen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - R-s Ge
- 1] The Population Council at the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA [2] Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - D Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Lou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemical Pharmaceutics, Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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199
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Kenty JHR, Melton DA. Testing pancreatic islet function at the single cell level by calcium influx with associated marker expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122044. [PMID: 25853429 PMCID: PMC4390334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the response of islet cells to glucose stimulation is important for understanding cell function in healthy and disease states. Most functional assays are performed on whole islets or cell populations, resulting in averaged observations and loss of information at the single cell level. We demonstrate methods to examine calcium fluxing in individual cells of intact islets in response to multiple glucose challenges. Wild-type mouse islets predominantly contained cells that responded to three (out of three) sequential high glucose challenges, whereas cells of diabetic islets (db/db or NOD) responded less frequently or not at all. Imaged islets were also immunostained for endocrine markers to associate the calcium flux profile of individual cells with gene expression. Wild-type mouse islet cells that robustly fluxed calcium expressed β cell markers (INS/NKX6.1), whereas islet cells that inversely fluxed at low glucose expressed α cell markers (GCG). Diabetic mouse islets showed a higher proportion of dysfunctional β cells that responded poorly to glucose challenges. Most of the failed calcium influx responses in β cells were observed in the second and third high glucose challenges, emphasizing the importance of multiple sequential glucose challenges for assessing the full function of islet cells. Human islet cells were also assessed and showed functional α and β cells. This approach to analyze islet responses to multiple glucose challenges in correlation with gene expression assays expands the understanding of β cell function and the diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. R. Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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200
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Mihailidou C, Chatzistamou I, Papavassiliou AG, Kiaris H. Regulation of P21 during diabetes-associated stress of the endoplasmic reticulum. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:217-28. [PMID: 25670031 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes by inducing β-cell apoptosis in the islets of Langerhans. In this study, we show that the transcription factor CHOP, which is instrumental for the induction of ER-stress-associated apoptosis and the pancreatic dysfunction in diabetes, regulates the expression of P21 (WAF1), a cell cycle regulator with anti-apoptotic activity that promotes cell survival. Deficiency of P21 sensitizes pancreatic β-cells to glucotoxicity, while in mice genetic ablation of P21 accelerates experimental diet-induced diabetes, results indicative of a protective role for P21 in the development of the disease. Conversely, pharmacological stimulation of P21 expression by nutlin-3a, an inhibitor of P53-MDM2 interaction, restores pancreatic function and facilitates glucose homeostasis. These findings indicate that P21 acts as an inhibitor of ER-stress-associated tissue damage and that stimulation of P21 activity can be beneficial for the management of diabetes and probably of other conditions in which ER-stress-associated death is undesirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysovalantou Mihailidou
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of Basic SciencesDental School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of PathologyMicrobiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of Basic SciencesDental School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of PathologyMicrobiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29425, USA Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of Basic SciencesDental School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of PathologyMicrobiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of Basic SciencesDental School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of PathologyMicrobiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of Basic SciencesDental School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of PathologyMicrobiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29425, USA Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of Basic SciencesDental School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, GreeceDepartment of PathologyMicrobiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USADepartment of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29425, USA
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