151
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Sarkar TR, McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Niu Y, Mallick BK, Carroll RJ, Wu G. Dietary Intakes of Amino Acids and Other Nutrients by Adult Humans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:211-227. [PMID: 34251646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring usual dietary intake in freely living humans is difficult to accomplish. As a part of our recent study, a food frequency questionnaire was completed by healthy adult men and women at days 0 and 90 of the study. Data from the food questionnaire were analyzed with a nutrient analysis program ( www.Harvardsffq.date ). Healthy men and women consumed protein as 19-20% and 17-19% of their total energy intakes, respectively, with animal protein representing about 75 and 70% of their total protein intakes, respectively. The intake of each nutritionally essential amino acid (EAA) by the persons exceeded that recommended for healthy adults with a minimal physical activity. In all individuals, the dietary intake of leucine was the highest, followed by lysine, valine, and isoleucine in descending order, and the ingestion of amino acids that are synthesizable de novo in animal cells (AASAs) was about 20% greater than that of total EAAs. The intake of each AASA met those recommended for healthy adults with a minimal physical activity. Intakes of some AASAs (alanine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, and glycine) from a typical diet providing 90-110 g food protein/day does not meet the requirements of adults with an intensive physical activity. Within the male or female group, there were not significant differences in the dietary intakes of all amino acids between days 0 and 90 of the study, and this was also true for nearly all other essential nutrients. Our findings will help to improve amino acid nutrition and health in both the general population and exercising individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasree R Sarkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yabo Niu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bani K Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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152
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Abdulkadir A, Mbajiorgu E. Chronic chloroquine and ethanol administration causes detrimental renal morphological changes in rats fed low protein. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/afmnai38-29628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the microscopic renal changes resulting from the concurrent administration of chloroquine and ethanol, with inadequate dietary protein using rats. Sixty-four rats were randomly distributed into eight groups of eight rats each: control groups on normal protein (NPC) or low protein diet (LPC); chloroquine treatment groups on normal protein (NPQ) or low protein diet (LPQ); ethanol treatment groups on normal protein (NPE) or low protein diet (LPE); concurrent chloroquine and ethanol treatment groups on normal protein (NPQE) or low protein diet (LPQE). Chloroquine in 0.9% normal saline was administered weekly to NPQ, LPQ, NPQE, and LPQE. While NPE, LPE, NPQE and LPQE received 6% ethanol in drinking water ad libitum, NPC and LPC received 0.9% normal saline and plain drinking water. After treatment, routine haematoxylin and eosin stain, Masson's trichrome stain for collagen, kidney volume estimation, glomeruli count, immunofluorescence for aquaporin 2 and urine volume estimation were conducted. The results showed a decreased kidney volume in all the experimental groups compared to the control. There was increased collagen fiber deposition and distortion of renal histology in the experimental groups compared to control. Concurrent administration of chloroquine and alcohol causes distortion of kidney histology and derangements of renal function in the low protein-fed rats and can cause kidney failure.
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153
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Herring CM, Bazer FW, Wu G. Amino Acid Nutrition for Optimum Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health of Zoo Animals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1285:233-253. [PMID: 33770410 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are large polymers of amino acids (AAs) linked via peptide bonds, and major components for the growth and development of tissues in zoo animals (including mammals, birds, and fish). The proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arginine, aspartate, asparagine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. Except for glycine, they are all present in the L-isoform. Some carnivores may also need taurine (a nonproteinogenic AA) in their diet. Adequate dietary intakes of AAs are necessary for the growth, development, reproduction, health and longevity of zoo animals. Extensive research has established dietary nutrient requirements for humans, domestic livestock and companion animals. However, this is not true for many exotic or endangered species found in zoos due to the obstacles that accompany working with these species. Information on diets and nutrient profiles of free-ranging animals is needed. Even with adequate dietary intake of crude protein, dietary AAs may still be unbalanced, which can lead to nutrition-related diseases and disorders commonly observed in captive zoo species, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, urolithiasis, gut dysbiosis, and hormonal imbalances. There are differences in AA metabolism among carnivores, herbivores and omnivores. It is imperative to consider these idiosyncrasies when formulating diets based on established nutritional requirements of domestic species. With optimal health, populations of zoo animals will have a vastly greater chance of thriving in captivity. For endangered species especially, maintaining stable captive populations is crucial for conservation. Thus, adequate provision of AAs in diets plays a crucial role in the management, sustainability and expansion of healthy zoo animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Herring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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154
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Benchikh Y, Filali A, Rebai S. Modeling and optimizing the phycocyanins extraction from
Arthrospira platensis
(
Spirulina
) algae and preliminary supplementation assays in soft beverage as natural colorants and antioxidants. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Benchikh
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Université de Bejaia Bejaia Algeria
- Département de Biotechnologie Institut de la Nutrition de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro‑Alimentaires (INATAA) Université Frères Mentouri‐Constantine 1 Constantine Algeria
| | - Aicha Filali
- Département de Biotechnologie Institut de la Nutrition de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro‑Alimentaires (INATAA) Université Frères Mentouri‐Constantine 1 Constantine Algeria
| | - Sarra Rebai
- Département de Biotechnologie Institut de la Nutrition de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro‑Alimentaires (INATAA) Université Frères Mentouri‐Constantine 1 Constantine Algeria
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155
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Gold M, von Allmen F, Zurbrügg C, Zhang J, Mathys A. Identification of Bacteria in Two Food Waste Black Soldier Fly Larvae Rearing Residues. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:582867. [PMID: 33329446 PMCID: PMC7719680 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant economic, environmental, and social impacts are associated with the avoidable disposal of foods worldwide. Mass-rearing of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae using organic wastes and food- and agro-industry side products is promising for recycling resources within the food system. One current challenge of this approach is ensuring a reliable and high conversion performance of larvae with inherently variable substrates. Research has been devoted to increasing rearing performance by optimizing substrate nutrient contents and ratios, while the potential of the substrate and larval gut microbiota to increase rearing performance remains untapped. Since previous research has focused on gut microbiota, here, we describe bacterial dynamics in the residue (i.e., the mixture of frass and substrate) of black soldier fly larvae reared on two food wastes (i.e., canteen and household waste). To identify members of the substrate and residue microbiota, potentially associated with rearing performance, bacterial dynamics were also studied in the canteen waste without larvae, and after inactivation by irradiation of the initial microbiota in canteen waste. The food waste substrates had similar microbiota; both were dominated by common lactic acid bacteria. Inactivation of the canteen waste microbiota, which was dominated by Leuconostoc, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus, decreased the levels of all rearing performance indicators by 31-46% relative to canteen waste with the native microbiota. In both food waste substrates, larval rearing decreased the bacterial richness and changed the physicochemical residue properties and composition over the rearing period of 12 days, and typical members of the larval intestinal microbiota (i.e., Providencia, Dysgonomonas, Morganella, and Proteus) became more abundant, suggesting their transfer into the residue through excretions. Future studies should isolate members of these taxa and elucidate their true potential to influence black soldier fly mass-rearing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gold
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne von Allmen
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christian Zurbrügg
- Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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156
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Are legume-based recipes an appropriate source of nutrients for healthy ageing? A prospective cohort study. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:943-951. [PMID: 32475362 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although legumes are rich in protein and fibre, and low in saturated fat and Na, traditional legume-based recipes include substantial amounts of processed meat, salt and potatoes, which could counteract the potential benefits of legumes. This prospective study aimed to assess the longitudinal association of consumption of different types of legumes, and traditional legume-based recipes, with unhealthy ageing in older adults. Data were taken from 2505 individuals aged ≥60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. Habitual legume consumption was assessed in 2008-2010 with a validated diet history. Unhealthy ageing was measured in the 2013, 2015 and 2017 follow-up waves, with a fifty-two-item multidimensional health deficit accumulation index (DAI) which ranges from 0 (best) to 100 (worst health). The mean age was 68·7 years, with 53·1 % of women. Among study participants, 78·4 % reported consumption of legumes, with a mean intake of 57·9 g/d. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models did not show an association between total legume consumption and the DAI over a 7-year follow-up (non-standardised coefficient for the second and highest v. the lowest tertile of consumption: 0·94 (95 % CI -0·30, 2·17) and 0·18 (95 % CI -1·07, 1·43), respectively; Ptrend = 0·35). Similar results were observed for the 3-year and 5-year follow-ups and, separately, for lentils, beans, chickpeas and traditional legume-based recipes. According to the results obtained, consumption of legumes and traditional legume-based recipes is not associated with unhealthy ageing and can be part of a healthy diet in old age.
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157
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Pujar M, Gangaprasad S, Govindaraj M, Gangurde SS, Kanatti A, Kudapa H. Genome-wide association study uncovers genomic regions associated with grain iron, zinc and protein content in pearl millet. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19473. [PMID: 33173120 PMCID: PMC7655845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet hybrids biofortified with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) promise to be part of a long-term strategy to combat micronutrient malnutrition in the arid and semi-arid tropical (SAT) regions of the world. Biofortification through molecular breeding is the way forward to achieving a rapid trait-based breeding strategy. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for Fe, Zn, and protein content (PC) for enhanced biofortification breeding. A diverse panel of 281 advanced inbred lines was evaluated for Fe, Zn, and PC over two seasons. Phenotypic evaluation revealed high variability (Fe: 32–120 mg kg−1, Zn: 19–87 mg kg−1, PC: 8–16%), heritability (hbs2 ≥ 90%) and significantly positive correlation among Fe, Zn and PC (P = 0.01), implying concurrent improvement. Based on the Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) seq assay, 58,719 highly informative SNPs were filtered for association mapping. Population structure analysis showed six major genetic groups (K = 6). A total of 78 MTAs were identified, of which 18 were associated with Fe, 43 with Zn, and 17 with PC. Four SNPs viz., Pgl04_64673688, Pgl05_135500493, Pgl05_144482656, and Pgl07_101483782 located on chromosomes Pgl04 (1), Pgl05 (2) and Pgl07 (1), respectively were co-segregated for Fe and Zn. Promising genes, ‘Late embryogenesis abundant protein’, ‘Myb domain’, ‘pentatricopeptide repeat’, and ‘iron ion binding’ coded by 8 SNPs were identified. The SNPs/genes identified in the present study presents prospects for genomics assisted biofortification breeding in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Pujar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502 324, India.,University of Agricultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577 225, India
| | - S Gangaprasad
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577 225, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502 324, India.
| | - Sunil S Gangurde
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502 324, India
| | - A Kanatti
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502 324, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502 324, India
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158
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Cao X, Tang L, Zeng Z, Wang B, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Zou P, Li W. Effects of Probiotics BaSC06 on Intestinal Digestion and Absorption, Antioxidant Capacity, Microbiota Composition, and Macrophage Polarization in Pigs for Fattening. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:570593. [PMID: 33240950 PMCID: PMC7677304 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.570593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of BaSC06 and antibiotics on growth, digestive functions, antioxidant capacity, macrophage polarization, and intestinal microbiota of pigs for fattening. A total of 117 pigs for fattening with similar weight and genetic basis were divided into 3 groups: Anti group (containing 40 g/t Kitasamycin in the diet), Anti+Ba group (containing 20 g/t Kitasamycin and 0.5 × 108 CFU/kg BaSC06 in the diet) and Ba group (containing 1 × 108 cfu/Kg BaSC06 in the diet without any antibiotics). Each treatment was performed in three replicates with 13 pigs per replicate. Results showed that BaSC06 replacement significantly improved the ADG (P < 0.05), intestinal digestion and absorption function by increasing the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and the expression of glucose transporters SGLT1 (P < 0.05) and small peptide transporters PEPT1 (P < 0.05). Besides, BaSC06 supplementation enhanced intestinal and body antioxidant capacity by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway due to the increased expression of p-Nrf2 (P < 0.05). Notably, BaSC06 alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, IL-6, and MCP1 (P < 0.05), and simultaneously increasing the expression of M1 macrophage marker protein iNOS (P < 0.05) and M2 macrophage marker protein Arg (P < 0.05) in the intestinal mucosa. Moreover, BaSC06 promoted the polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype by stimulating the STAT3 signaling pathway. It was also noted that BaSC06 improved microbiota composition by enhancing the proportion of Firmicutes, and reducing that of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Taken together, our results indicate that dietary supplementation of BaSC06 in pigs for fattening improves the growth, mucosal structure, antioxidative capacity, immune functions (including increasing M1 and M2 polarization of macrophage) and composition of intestinal microbiota, which is much better than antibiotics, suggesting that it is an effective alternative to antibiotics in the preparation of pig feed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, and Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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159
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Voloshchuk ON, Stus YV, Kopylchuk GP. [Features of free radical processes in the liver of rats with a nutrient imbalance]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2020; 66:386-391. [PMID: 33140732 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206605386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The activity of free radical processes in liver mitochondria was investigated in rats kept on high-sucrose and low protein/high-sucrose diets. Excess of dietary sucrose caused intensification of free radical processes in liver mitochondria as evidenced by increased hydroxyl radical generation, accumulation of primary (conjugated dienes, ketodienes) and secondary products (TBA-reactive products) of lipid peroxidation, increased cholesterol/phospholipids ratio and also accumulation of oxidative modification products of proteins (carbonyl derivatives). Additional nutritional protein deficiency (low protein/high-sucrose diet) enhanced destructive changes in liver mitochondria. This suggests a critical role of nutrient protein supplementation for maintaining the functional activity of mitochondria. The established changes can be considered as one of possible mechanisms of functional liver activity violation in conditions of nutrient imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Voloshchuk
- Fedkovych Chernovtsi National University, Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chernovtsi, Ukraine
| | - Yu V Stus
- Fedkovych Chernovtsi National University, Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chernovtsi, Ukraine
| | - G P Kopylchuk
- Fedkovych Chernovtsi National University, Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chernovtsi, Ukraine
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160
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De Beer D, Mels CM, Schutte AE, Louw R, Delles C, Kruger R. Left ventricular mass and urinary metabolomics in young black and white adults: The African-PREDICT study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2051-2062. [PMID: 32669241 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased left ventricular mass is an independent predictor for cardiovascular events, and shown to be higher in black than white populations. To gain a better understanding of early factors contributing to increased left ventricular mass in young black adults, we investigated metabolomic profiles, identified and compared metabolites that associated with left ventricular mass index in healthy black and white adults. METHODS AND RESULTS We included normotensive black and white participants from the African-PREDICT study, with data on urinary metabolomics and echocardiography. Urinary metabolites were measured using three different analytical platforms. Univariate statistical analyses, including independent t-test (adjusted for multiple comparisons), effect size (d ≥ 0.3) and single regression analyses were used to identify metabolites. When comparing the black and white groups, the black group had higher central systolic blood pressure (p > 0.005), whereas left ventricular mass index was similar between the groups (p = 0.97). Three from a total of 192 metabolites were identified to be more abundant (p < 0.046) and inversely associated with left ventricular mass index in the black group only: hydroxyproline (β = -0.22; p = 0.045), glycine (β = -0.20; p = 0.049) and trimethylamine (β = -0.21; p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Higher urinary levels of hydroxyproline, glycine and trimethylamine were inversely associated with left ventricular mass index in the black adults only. Hydroxyproline and glycine are important in maintaining healthy collagen turnover and stability in the heart. Our results may reflect an increase in collagen biosynthesis and collagen deposition in the left ventricle due to higher central systolic blood pressure in the black population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalene De Beer
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Catharina Mc Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) Potchefstroom, South Africa; MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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161
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Collins J, Maughan RJ, Gleeson M, Bilsborough J, Jeukendrup A, Morton JP, Phillips SM, Armstrong L, Burke LM, Close GL, Duffield R, Larson-Meyer E, Louis J, Medina D, Meyer F, Rollo I, Sundgot-Borgen J, Wall BT, Boullosa B, Dupont G, Lizarraga A, Res P, Bizzini M, Castagna C, Cowie CM, D'Hooghe M, Geyer H, Meyer T, Papadimitriou N, Vouillamoz M, McCall A. UEFA expert group statement on nutrition in elite football. Current evidence to inform practical recommendations and guide future research. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:416. [PMID: 33097528 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Football is a global game which is constantly evolving, showing substantial increases in physical and technical demands. Nutrition plays a valuable integrated role in optimising performance of elite players during training and match-play, and maintaining their overall health throughout the season. An evidence-based approach to nutrition emphasising, a 'food first' philosophy (ie, food over supplements), is fundamental to ensure effective player support. This requires relevant scientific evidence to be applied according to the constraints of what is practical and feasible in the football setting. The science underpinning sports nutrition is evolving fast, and practitioners must be alert to new developments. In response to these developments, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) has gathered experts in applied sports nutrition research as well as practitioners working with elite football clubs and national associations/federations to issue an expert statement on a range of topics relevant to elite football nutrition: (1) match day nutrition, (2) training day nutrition, (3) body composition, (4) stressful environments and travel, (5) cultural diversity and dietary considerations, (6) dietary supplements, (7) rehabilitation, (8) referees and (9) junior high-level players. The expert group provide a narrative synthesis of the scientific background relating to these topics based on their knowledge and experience of the scientific research literature, as well as practical experience of applying knowledge within an elite sports setting. Our intention is to provide readers with content to help drive their own practical recommendations. In addition, to provide guidance to applied researchers where to focus future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Collins
- Intra Performance Group, London, UK.,Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Gleeson
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Johann Bilsborough
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,New England Patriots, Foxboro, MA, USA
| | - Asker Jeukendrup
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,MySport Science, Birmingham, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - S M Phillips
- Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence Armstrong
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rob Duffield
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Medical Department, Football Federation Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enette Larson-Meyer
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Medina
- Athlete Care and Performance, Monumental Sports & Entertainment, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Flavia Meyer
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ian Rollo
- School of Sports Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,PepsiCo Life Sciences, Global R&D, Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Gregory Dupont
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Peter Res
- Dutch Olympic Team, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mario Bizzini
- Research and Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Castagna
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Technical Department, Italian Football Federation (FIGC), Florence, Italy.,Italian Football Referees Association, Bologna, Italy
| | - Charlotte M Cowie
- Technical Directorate, Football Association, Burton upon Trent, UK.,Medical Committee, UEFA, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Michel D'Hooghe
- Medical Committee, UEFA, Nyon, Switzerland.,Medical Centre of Excelence, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Medical Committee, UEFA, Nyon, Switzerland.,Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Alan McCall
- Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK .,Medical Department, Football Federation Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
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162
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Sultana MS, Wang P, Yin N, Rahman MH, Du H, Cai X, Fu Y, Cui Y. Assessment of nutrients effect on the bioaccessibility of Cd and Cu in contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110913. [PMID: 32800248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil is considered as a sink for heavy metals. Human health is severely affected by the continuous intake of toxic heavy metals even in a very low concentration. In the present experiment, we determined the influence of nutritional status including control (fasted condition), glucose (fed state), plant protein (fed state), animal protein (fed state) and calcium (fed state) on soil cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) bioaccessibility using physiologically-based extraction test (PBET) method together with simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME) model. The bioaccessibility of Cd was 1.06-73.58%, 0.44-54.79% and 0-17.78% and Cu was 3.81-67.32%, 4.98-71.14%, and 0-17.54% in the phase-I, phase-II and Phase-III respectively (in this study gastric phase, small intestinal phase and colon phase were considered as phase-I, phase-II and Phase-III respectively). The outcomes showed that, the average Cd bioaccessibility was higher with animal protein addition compared with other treatments in different phases. So, the effect of animal protein on Cd bioaccessibility was higher than other treatments in the phase-I, phase-II and phase-III. Due to the addition of plant protein, the higher average bioaccessibility of Cu was noticed in phase-I and phase-II in comparison to other treatments. However, in phase-III, the higher average bioaccessibility of Cu was found due to control treatment comparing with other treatments. Therefore, the influence of plant protein was higher than other nutrients on Cu bioaccessibility in the phase-I and phase-II. Moreover, other nutrients showed variable influence on Cd and Cu bioaccessibility. So, nutritional status has a significant effect on bioaccessibility as well as human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Sharmin Sultana
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Naiyi Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Md Hafizur Rahman
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Huili Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yaqi Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanshan Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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163
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Peculiarities of ammonia metabolism in the liver of rats under the conditions of different nutrients content in a diet. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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164
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Huang J, Liao LM, Weinstein SJ, Sinha R, Graubard BI, Albanes D. Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:1173-1184. [PMID: 32658243 PMCID: PMC7358979 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although emphasis has recently been placed on the importance of high-protein diets to overall health, a comprehensive analysis of long-term cause-specific mortality in association with the intake of plant protein and animal protein has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between overall mortality and cause-specific mortality and plant protein intake. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 416 104 men and women in the US National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study from 1995 to 2011. Data were analyzed from October 2018 through April 2020. EXPOSURES Validated baseline food frequency questionnaire dietary information, including intake of plant protein and animal protein. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hazard ratios and 16-year absolute risk differences for overall mortality and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS The final analytic cohort included 237 036 men (57%) and 179 068 women. Their overall median (SD) ages were 62.2 (5.4) years for men and 62.0 (5.4) years for women. Based on 6 009 748 person-years of observation, 77 614 deaths (18.7%; 49 297 men and 28 317 women) were analyzed. Adjusting for several important clinical and other risk factors, greater dietary plant protein intake was associated with reduced overall mortality in both sexes (hazard ratio per 1 SD was 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.97] for men and 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93-0.96] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 1 SD was -0.36% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.25%] for men and -0.33% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.21%] for women; hazard ratio per 10 g/1000 kcal was 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84-0.91] for men and 0.86 [95% CI, 0.82-0.90] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 10 g/1000 kcal was -0.95% [95% CI, -1.3% to -0.68%] for men and -0.86% [95% CI, -1.3% to -0.55%] for women; all P < .001). The association between plant protein intake and overall mortality was similar across the subgroups of smoking status, diabetes, fruit consumption, vitamin supplement use, and self-reported health status. Replacement of 3% energy from animal protein with plant protein was inversely associated with overall mortality (risk decreased 10% in both men and women) and cardiovascular disease mortality (11% lower risk in men and 12% lower risk in women). In particular, the lower overall mortality was attributable primarily to substitution of plant protein for egg protein (24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women) and red meat protein (13% lower risk in men and 15% lower risk in women). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large prospective cohort, higher plant protein intake was associated with small reductions in risk of overall and cardiovascular disease mortality. Our findings provide evidence that dietary modification in choice of protein sources may influence health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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165
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Nieman DC, Zwetsloot KA, Simonson AJ, Hoyle AT, Wang X, Nelson HK, Lefranc-Millot C, Guérin-Deremaux L. Effects of Whey and Pea Protein Supplementation on Post-Eccentric Exercise Muscle Damage: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082382. [PMID: 32784847 PMCID: PMC7468723 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized trial compared pea protein, whey protein, and water-only supplementation on muscle damage, inflammation, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and physical fitness test performance during a 5-day period after a 90-min eccentric exercise bout in non-athletic non-obese males (n = 92, ages 18–55 years). The two protein sources (0.9 g protein/kg divided into three doses/day) were administered under double blind procedures. The eccentric exercise protocol induced significant muscle damage and soreness, and reduced bench press and 30-s Wingate performance. Whey protein supplementation significantly attenuated post-exercise blood levels for biomarkers of muscle damage compared to water-only, with large effect sizes for creatine kinase and myoglobin during the fourth and fifth days of recovery (Cohen’s d > 0.80); pea protein versus water supplementation had an intermediate non-significant effect (Cohen’s d < 0.50); and no significant differences between whey and pea protein were found. Whey and pea protein compared to water supplementation had no significant effects on post-exercise DOMS and the fitness tests. In conclusion, high intake of whey protein for 5 days after intensive eccentric exercise mitigated the efflux of muscle damage biomarkers, with the intake of pea protein having an intermediate effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28608, USA; (A.J.S.); (A.T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(828)-773-0056
| | - Kevin A. Zwetsloot
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA;
| | - Andrew J. Simonson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28608, USA; (A.J.S.); (A.T.H.)
| | - Andrew T. Hoyle
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28608, USA; (A.J.S.); (A.T.H.)
| | - Xintang Wang
- China Academy of Sport and Health Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Heather K. Nelson
- Nutrition and Health Research & Development, Roquette, Geneva, IL 60134, USA;
| | - Catherine Lefranc-Millot
- Nutrition and Health Research & Development, Roquette, 62136 Lestrem, France; (C.L.-M.); (L.G.-D.)
| | - Laetitia Guérin-Deremaux
- Nutrition and Health Research & Development, Roquette, 62136 Lestrem, France; (C.L.-M.); (L.G.-D.)
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166
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Amino Acids in Health and Endocrine Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:97-109. [PMID: 32761572 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary amino acids play an important role in maintaining health. Branched chain amino acids can adversely increase blood pressure whereas arginine and citrulline can reduce it. D-amino acids play important roles in several cell types including testis, the nervous system and adrenal glands. Several amino acids also can have dramatic effects on diabetes; branched chain amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine have been implicated while others, namely arginine and citrulline can improve outcomes. Leucine has been shown to play important roles in muscle primarily through the mTOR pathway though this effect does not translate across every population. Glutamine, arginine and D-aspartate also exert their muscle effects through mTOR. Relationships between amino acids and endocrine function include that of glucocorticoids, thyroid function, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and leptin. Leucine, for example, can alleviate the effect of dexamethasone on muscle protein accretion. Interestingly, amino acid transporters play an important role in thyroid function. Several amino acids have been shown to increase GLP-1 levels in non-diabetics when administered orally. Similarly, several amino acids increase ghrelin levels in different species while cysteine can decrease it in mice. There is evidence to suggest that the arginine/NO pathway may be involved in modulating some of the effects of ghrelin on cells. In regard to IGF-1, branched chain amino acids can increase levels in adults while tryptophan and phenylalanine have been shown to increase levels in infants. Finally, leptin levels can be elevated by branched chain amino acids while restricting leucine in high fat diets can increase leptin sensitivity.
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167
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Gastrointestinally Digested Protein from the Insect Alphitobius diaperinus Stimulates a Different Intestinal Secretome than Beef or Almond, Producing a Differential Response in Food Intake in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082366. [PMID: 32784756 PMCID: PMC7468914 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we compare the interaction of three protein sources—insect, beef, and almond—with the gastrointestinal tract. We measured the enterohormone secretion ex vivo in human and pig intestine treated with in vitro digestions of these foods. Insect and beef were the most effective in inducing the secretion of CCK, while almond was the most effective in inducing PYY in pig duodenum. In the human colon, almond was also the most effective in inducing PYY, and GLP-1 levels were increased by insect and beef. The three digested proteins reduced ghrelin secretion in pig duodenum, while only insect reduced ghrelin secretion in human colon. We also found that food intake in rats increased in groups fed a raw insect pre-load and decreased when fed raw almond. In conclusion, the insect Alphitobius diaperinus modulates duodenal and colonic enterohormone release and increases food intake in rats. These effects differ from beef and almond.
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168
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Huecker M, Sarav M, Pearlman M, Laster J. Protein Supplementation in Sport: Source, Timing, and Intended Benefits. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 8:382-396. [PMID: 31713177 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-019-00293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide background on the present literature regarding the utility and effectiveness of protein supplements, including protein source and nutrient timing. RECENT FINDINGS In the setting of adequate dietary protein consumption, research suggests some benefit particularly in sport or exercise activities. Protein supplements command a multi-billion-dollar market with prevalent use in sports. Many individuals, including athletes, do not consume optimal dietary protein on a daily basis. High-protein diets are remarkably safe in healthy subjects, especially in the short term. Some objective outcomes are physiologic and may not translate to clinically relevant outcomes. Athletes should, however, consider long-term implications when consuming high quantities of protein in dietary or supplement form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Huecker
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 530 S Jackson St C1H17, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Menaka Sarav
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, NorthShore University HealthSystem-University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle Pearlman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Miami Health Systems, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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169
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Vatanparast H, Islam N, Shafiee M, Ramdath DD. Increasing Plant-Based Meat Alternatives and Decreasing Red and Processed Meat in the Diet Differentially Affect the Diet Quality and Nutrient Intakes of Canadians. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072034. [PMID: 32659917 PMCID: PMC7400918 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests a link between red and processed meat consumption and the risk of various cancers and other health outcomes. Using national survey data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition 2015, we aimed to model a dietary scenario to assess the potential effects of increasing the intake of currently consumed plant-based meat alternatives by 100% and decreasing the consumption of red and processed meat by 50% on the diet quality and nutrient intakes of Canadians (≥1 year). This dietary scenario had no significant impact on dietary energy intake (p > 0.05), but resulted in a significant increase in the dietary intakes of fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium, and dietary folate equivalents (p < 0.05). On the other hand, this dietary scenario was accompanied by a significant decrease in protein (from 77.8 ± 0.6 g to 73.4 ± 0.6 g), cholesterol, zinc, and vitamin B12 intake (p < 0.05). Further, based on Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) scores, the overall nutritional value of the simulated diet was higher than the baseline diet. Our modeling showed that the partial replacement of red and processed meat with plant-based alternatives improves overall diet quality but may adversely affect the intake of some micronutrients, especially zinc and vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (M.S.)
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-8866
| | - Naorin Islam
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (M.S.)
| | - D. Dan Ramdath
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (N.I.); (M.S.)
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
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170
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Akhavan NS, Pourafshar S, Johnson SA, Foley EM, George KS, Munoz J, Siebert S, Clark EA, Basiri R, Hickner RC, Navaei N, Levenson CW, Panton LB, Daggy BP, Arjmandi BH. The Relationship between Protein Intake and Source on Factors Associated with Glycemic Control in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072031. [PMID: 32650580 PMCID: PMC7400940 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality largely due to increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study examined the relationships among protein consumption and sources on glycemic control and cardiovascular health in individuals with prediabetes and T2D. Sixty-two overweight or obese participants with prediabetes or T2D, aged 45–75 years were stratified into the following three groups based on protein intake: <0.8 g (gram)/kg (kilogram) body weight (bw), ≥0.8 but <1.0 g/kg bw, and ≥1.0 g/kg bw as below, meeting, and above the recommended levels of protein intake, respectively. Body mass, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), lean mass, and fat mass (FM) were significantly higher in participants who consumed below the recommended level of protein intake as compared with other groups. Higher animal protein intake was associated with greater insulin secretion and lower triglycerides (TG). Total, low-density, and high-density cholesterol were significantly higher in participants who met the recommended protein intake as compared with the other groups. These data suggest that high protein consumption is associated with lower BMI, HC, WC, and FM, and can improve insulin resistance without affecting lipid profiles in this population. Furthermore, higher intake of animal protein can improve β-cell function and lower plasma TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda S. Akhavan
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
| | - Shirin Pourafshar
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
| | - Elizabeth M. Foley
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
| | - Kelli S. George
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Joseph Munoz
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
| | - Shalom Siebert
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Clark
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
| | - Raedeh Basiri
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
| | - Robert C. Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Negin Navaei
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
- Department of Nutrition, Life University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA
| | - Cathy W. Levenson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Lynn B. Panton
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Bruce P. Daggy
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (N.S.A.); (E.M.F.); (J.M.); (S.S.); (E.A.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.H.); (L.B.P.); (B.P.D.)
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (S.P.); (K.S.G.); (N.N.)
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-645-1517
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171
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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172
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Uptake of dietary amino acids into arterial blood during continuous enteral feeding in critically ill patients and healthy subjects. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:912-918. [PMID: 32709553 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid availability is a regulatory factor of protein anabolism and is partly dependent on enteral amino acid uptake. During continuous enteral feeding, enteral amino acid uptake may vary considerably, but this has not been documented systematically. METHODS In this pragmatic study, we investigated patients in the intensive care unit (n = 10) and healthy adults (n = 10). The time course of essential amino acid concentrations in arterial plasma and the uptake of dietary phenylalanine were recorded during 12 hours of continuous enteral feeding, using a 13C-labeled phenylalanine tracer. RESULTS Plasma essential amino acid concentrations and 13C-phenylalanine enrichment reached a tentative steady state after no more than 4.5 h from start of tracer infusion. There was a large intra- and inter-individual variability in both cohorts. No periodicity could be detected in the temporal variation. CONCLUSION During continuous enteral feeding, uptake of amino acids shows large intra- and inter-individual variation. A tentative steady state of 13C-phenylalanine uptake is eventually reached. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, trial ID ACTRN12616000593437.
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173
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Body composition and dietary patterns in professional and amateur bodybuilders. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant factors affecting body composition and consequently professional and amateur bodybuilders’ performance are both training loads and diet.
The aim was to assess dissimilarities in anthropometrical traits and body composition between males practicing bodybuilding professionally and as amateurs, considering their diet and training.
The study comprised 55 athletes, i.e. 29 professionals attending national championships and 26 amateur bodybuilders. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements involving body height, waist, arm and thigh circumferences and skinfolds covering trunk and extremities. The original nutritional behavior questionnaire and a 24-hour survey were used. An electronic scale was used to measure body weight and body composition was analyzed with the BIA method. In statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk (W-test), t-student and Mann-Whitney U test were applied.
An adipose tissue, assessed on the basis of skinfolds was significantly lower in professionals (p<0.05), whereas lower mean values of body fat free mass (FFM) were found in amateur bodybuilders (p<0.01). Diet survey presented differentiation both in the amount of consumed protein in the diet (1.98 g/kg), in its percentage participation in the diet (21.2%) in favor of the professionals (p<0.05). Significant differentiation was between the groups in the amount of consumed fats (p<0.05). In case of resistance trainings time, energy expenditure and number of trainings were higher for professionals (p<0.05).
Bodybuilders feature better developed muscle mass of extremities and a smaller share of percentage of fat mass in body composition in comparison to amateurs. Professional bodybuilders consume proper amount of carbohydrates and fats and significantly higher level of protein, fiber and energy in diet compared to amateur group. In contrary, higher intake of fats is typical for amateur bodybuilders.
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174
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Zanecosky R. Pediatric Patients and Dietary Choices: Examining Alternative Options, Decision Making, and Misinformation. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2020; 24:290-295. [PMID: 32441693 DOI: 10.1188/20.cjon.290-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition is a key component of oncologic therapies and treatments. Patients and families are interested in the integration of alternative diets to promote therapy response as well as counteract the cancer. With the expansion of online and social media presence comes the endorsement of nonscientific claims. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to review alternative diets and discuss the basis of good nutrition in pediatric patients with cancer. This article will also explore where patients and families are likely to seek their information and assess their level of trust in the information. METHODS Five alternative diets and two supplements were assessed through a literature review for their effect on pediatric patients with cancer. FINDINGS Additional research is needed to prove consistent and definitive dietary benefits for pediatric patients with cancer; however, some diets have demonstrated promising results. A general diet for pediatric patients with cancer consists of an appropriate distribution of nutritious carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. However, unregulated sources of information remain a risk.
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Zinia Zaukuu JL, Aouadi B, Lukács M, Bodor Z, Vitális F, Gillay B, Gillay Z, Friedrich L, Kovacs Z. Detecting Low Concentrations of Nitrogen-Based Adulterants in Whey Protein Powder Using Benchtop and Handheld NIR Spectrometers and the Feasibility of Scanning through Plastic Bag. Molecules 2020; 25:E2522. [PMID: 32481691 PMCID: PMC7321410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich adulterants in protein powders present sensitivity challenges to conventional combustion methods of protein determination which can be overcome by near Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS is a rapid analytical method with high sensitivity and non-invasive advantages. This study developed robust models using benchtop and handheld spectrometers to predict low concentrations of urea, glycine, taurine, and melamine in whey protein powder (WPP). Effectiveness of scanning samples through optical glass and polyethylene bags was also tested for the handheld NIRS. WPP was adulterated up to six concentration levels from 0.5% to 3% w/w. The two spectrometers were used to obtain three datasets of 819 diffuse reflectance spectra each that were pretreated before linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and regression (PLSR). Pretreatment was effective and revealed important absorption bands that could be correlated with the chemical properties of the mixtures. Benchtop NIR spectrometer showed the best results in LDA and PLSR but handheld NIR spectrometers showed comparatively good results. There were high prediction accuracies and low errors attesting to the robustness of the developed PLSR models using independent test set validation. Both the plastic bag and optical glass gave good results with accuracies depending on the adulterant of interest and can be used for field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary or (J.-L.Z.Z.); (B.A.); (Z.B.); (F.V.); (B.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Balkis Aouadi
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary or (J.-L.Z.Z.); (B.A.); (Z.B.); (F.V.); (B.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Mátyás Lukács
- Department of Quality Management, BioTech USA Ltd., 1033 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsanett Bodor
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary or (J.-L.Z.Z.); (B.A.); (Z.B.); (F.V.); (B.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Flóra Vitális
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary or (J.-L.Z.Z.); (B.A.); (Z.B.); (F.V.); (B.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Biborka Gillay
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary or (J.-L.Z.Z.); (B.A.); (Z.B.); (F.V.); (B.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zoltan Gillay
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary or (J.-L.Z.Z.); (B.A.); (Z.B.); (F.V.); (B.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - László Friedrich
- Department of Refrigeration and Livestock, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Department of Physics and Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent Istvan University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary or (J.-L.Z.Z.); (B.A.); (Z.B.); (F.V.); (B.G.); (Z.G.)
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Moxness Reksten A, Joao Correia Victor AM, Baptista Nascimento Neves E, Myhre Christiansen S, Ahern M, Uzomah A, Lundebye AK, Kolding J, Kjellevold M. Nutrient and Chemical Contaminant Levels in Five Marine Fish Species from Angola-The EAF-Nansen Programme. Foods 2020; 9:E629. [PMID: 32422957 PMCID: PMC7278876 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish is a rich source of several important nutrients and an important part of the otherwise plant-dominated diet present in Angola. However, fish may also be a source of contaminants. The aim of this study was to analyse the nutrient contents and the levels of chemical contaminants, including arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, in five commonly consumed marine fish species sampled during a survey with the research vessel Dr. Fridtjof Nansen in Angola. The species' contribution to recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for women and children was assessed and compared to that of food products of terrestrial animal origin. All the sampled species are good sources of protein and micronutrients if included in the diet, and inter-species variation is evident. The species were identified to contribute 5-15% of the RNI for calcium, iron, iodine, and zinc and exceeded the contribution to protein and iron intakes of food products of terrestrial animal origin. Furthermore, the potential consumer exposure to chemical contaminants in the species was assessed. None of the species exceeded the maximum levels for cadmium, mercury, and lead, and the potential consumer exposure to cadmium and methylmercury was considered low. The data presented in this study represent an important contribution to African food composition tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Moxness Reksten
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (S.M.C.); (A.-K.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Avelina M. Joao Correia Victor
- Quality Control Department of Fisheries Products, National Institute of Fisheries and Marine Research, P.O. Box 2901, Luanda, Angola; (A.M.J.C.V.); (E.B.N.N.)
| | - Edia Baptista Nascimento Neves
- Quality Control Department of Fisheries Products, National Institute of Fisheries and Marine Research, P.O. Box 2901, Luanda, Angola; (A.M.J.C.V.); (E.B.N.N.)
| | - Sofie Myhre Christiansen
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (S.M.C.); (A.-K.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Molly Ahern
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Abimbola Uzomah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri 460114, Nigeria;
| | - Anne-Katrine Lundebye
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (S.M.C.); (A.-K.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Jeppe Kolding
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (S.M.C.); (A.-K.L.); (M.K.)
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177
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Akande OA, Falade OO, Badejo AA, Adekoya I. Assessment of Mulberry Silkworm Pupae and African Palm Weevil larvae as alternative protein sources in snack fillings. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03754. [PMID: 32322730 PMCID: PMC7163061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for alternative food sources especially protein to meet the nutritional demand of the projected 9 billion world population by 2050 is now critical. Edible insect is an alternative source of protein in many African and Asian cuisines where beef, pork and chicken are perceived to be relatively expensive. The current study evaluates Mulberry Silkworm Pupae (MSP) and African Palm Weevil larvae (APW) as substitute to the mainstream proteins in snacks fillings, and also assessing the consumer acceptability of the new products. The chemical composition showed that MSP is higher in protein and soluble fibre contents while APW is higher in crude fat, crude fibre, zinc, manganese and calcium contents. The cooked edible insects were rich in both essential and non-essential amino acids. When used as fillings for snacks, the protein content of the snacks produced with APW and MSP compared favourably well with the snacks produced with beef fillings. The fat contents of the snacks were 18 % lower than those of snacks made with beef fillings. The mineral contents of the snack with APW were significantly higher than the other samples. There was no significant difference in the taste and overall acceptability of samosa snack produced with beef, APW and MSP. African palm weevil larvae and Mulberry silkworm pupae could serve as alternative sources of protein in the production of snacks and cuisines, and a viable source of income generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide A Akande
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oreoluwa O Falade
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Adebanjo A Badejo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Adekoya
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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178
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Zhang F, Jiang S, Feng X, Wang R, Zeng M, Zhao Y. Physicochemical state and in vitro digestibility of heat treated water-soluble protein from Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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179
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Saner C, Tassoni D, Harcourt BE, Kao KT, Alexander EJ, McCallum Z, Olds T, Rowlands AV, Burgner DP, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D, Senior AM, Juonala M, Sabin MA. Evidence for Protein Leverage in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:822-829. [PMID: 32144892 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the protein leverage hypothesis in a cohort of youth with obesity. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of youth with obesity attending a tertiary weight management service. Validated food questionnaires revealed total energy intake (TEI) and percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates (%EC), fats (%EF), and proteins (%EP). Individuals with a Goldberg cutoff ≥ 1.2 of the ratio of reported TEI to basal metabolic rate from fat-free mass were included. A subgroup had accelerometer data. Statistics included modeling of percentage of energy from macronutrients and TEI, compositional data analysis to predict TEI from macronutrient ratios, and mixture models for sensitivity testing. RESULTS A total of 137 of 203 participants were included (mean [SD] age 11.3 [2.7] years, 68 females, BMI z score 2.47 [0.27]). Mean TEI was 10,330 (2,728) kJ, mean %EC was 50.6% (6.1%), mean %EF was 31.6% (4.9%), and mean %EP was 18.4% (3.1%). The relationship between %EP and TEI followed a power function (L coefficient -0.48; P < 0.001). TEI was inversely associated with increasing %EP. In the subgroup with < 60 min/d of moderate to vigorous physical activity (n = 48), lower BMI z scores were associated with higher %EP and moderate %EC. CONCLUSIONS In youth with obesity, protein dilution by either carbohydrates or fats increases TEI. Assessment of dietary protein may be useful to assist in reducing TEI and BMI in youth with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Saner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniella Tassoni
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke E Harcourt
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kung-Ting Kao
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin J Alexander
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zoe McCallum
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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180
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Voloshchuk ON, Kopylchuk GP, Tazirova KA. The Features of Energy Metabolism in Hepatocytes of Rats that Receive Diets with Different Nutrient Contents. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092002027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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181
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Wu G. Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health. Amino Acids 2020; 52:329-360. [PMID: 32072297 PMCID: PMC7088015 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-L-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
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182
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Gold M, Cassar CM, Zurbrügg C, Kreuzer M, Boulos S, Diener S, Mathys A. Biowaste treatment with black soldier fly larvae: Increasing performance through the formulation of biowastes based on protein and carbohydrates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:319-329. [PMID: 31707321 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment is its variable reliability and efficiency when applied to different biowastes. Similar to other biowaste treatment technologies, co-conversion could compensate for variability in the composition of biowastes. Using detailed nutrient analyses, this study assessed whether mixing biowastes to similar protein and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) contents increased the performance and reduced the variability of BSFL treatment in comparison to the treatment of individual wastes. The biowastes examined were mill by-products, human faeces, poultry slaughterhouse waste, cow manure, and canteen waste. Biowaste formulations had a protein-to-NFC ratio of 1:1, a protein content of 14-19%, and a NFC content of 13-15% (dry mass). Performance parameters that were assessed included survival and bioconversion rate, waste reduction, and waste conversion and protein conversion efficiency. In comparison to poultry feed (benchmark), vegetable canteen waste showed the best performance and cow manure performed worst. Formulations showed significantly improved performance and lower variability in comparison to the individual wastes. However, variability in performance was higher than expected for the formulations. One reason for this variability could be different fibre and lipid contents, which correlated with the performance results of the formulations. Overall, this research provides baseline knowledge and guidance on how BSFL treatment facilities may systematically operate using biowastes of varying types and compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Gold
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Sandec: Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Water for Development, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Cecille Marie Cassar
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Sandec: Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Water for Development, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Stuttgart: Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, Chair of Waste Management and Emissions, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Zurbrügg
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Sandec: Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Water for Development, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Nutrition, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samy Boulos
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Diener
- Biovision Foundation, Heinrichstrasse 147, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathys
- ETH Zurich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Sustainable Food Processing, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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The Effects of Different Quantities and Qualities of Protein Intake in People with Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020365. [PMID: 32019211 PMCID: PMC7071151 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recommended amount and quality of protein in diets of diabetic patients are highly controversial. In order to provide evidence-based information, the Diabetes Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) used a grading procedure used for quality of evidence and strength of recommendations (GRADE). A protein intake of 10% to 20% of energy intake (E%) or about 0.8 to 1.3 g/kg body weight in people below 65 years of age, and 15% to 20% of E% in people above 65 years of age appeared safe in weight-stable conditions. There were no intervention studies addressing metabolic effects, mortality, or cardiovascular events over prolonged periods. Body weight is closely linked to metabolic control and high protein diets are often recommended. Weight-loss diets that include 23% to 32% of E% as protein for up to one year reduced blood pressure and body weight slightly but significantly more than lower protein diets, whereas blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c improved similarly with higher or lower protein intakes in participants with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 did not show a faster decline of GFR or kidney function with protein intakes around 0.8 g/kg body weight as compared with lower intakes, thereby arguing against a restriction. The effects of protein intake on diabetic eye or nerve disease have not been reported. There are a number of studies that have compared different types of animal proteins (milk, chicken, beef, pork, and fish) or compared animal with plant protein in diabetic patients and have reported a greater reduction of serum cholesterol with plant protein. In summary, the suggested range of protein intake appears to be safe and can be adapted according to personal dietary preferences.
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184
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Li X, Zheng S, Wu G. Amino Acid Metabolism in the Kidneys: Nutritional and Physiological Significance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:71-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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185
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Gomes AS, Vacca F, Cinquetti R, Murashita K, Barca A, Bossi E, Rønnestad I, Verri T. Identification and characterization of the Atlantic salmon peptide transporter 1a. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C191-C204. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) mediates the uptake of dietary di-/tripeptides in vertebrates. However, in teleost fish gut, more than one PepT1-type transporter might operate, because of teleost-specific whole gen(om)e duplication event(s) that occurred during evolution. Here, we describe a novel teleost di-/tripeptide transporter, i.e., the Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) peptide transporter 1a [PepT1a; or solute carrier family 15 member 1a (Slc15a1a)], which is a paralog (77% similarity and 64% identity at the amino acid level) of the well-described Atlantic salmon peptide transporter 1b [PepT1b, alias PepT1; or solute carrier family 15 member 1b (Slc15a1b)]. Comparative analysis and evolutionary relationships of gene/protein sequences were conducted after ad hoc database mining. Tissue mRNA expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR, whereas transport function analysis was accomplished by heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and two-electrode voltage-clamp measurements. Atlantic salmon pept1a is highly expressed in the proximal intestine (pyloric ceca ≈ anterior midgut > midgut >> posterior midgut), in the same gut regions as pept1b but notably ~5-fold less abundant. Like PepT1b, Atlantic salmon PepT1a is a low‐affinity/high‐capacity system. Functional analysis showed electrogenic, Na+-independent/pH-dependent transport and apparent substrate affinity ( K0.5) values for Gly-Gln of 1.593 mmol/L at pH 7.6 and 0.076 mmol/L at pH 6.5. In summary, we show that a piscine PepT1a-type transporter is functional. Defining the role of Atlantic salmon PepT1a in the gut will help to understand the evolutionary and functional relationships among peptide transporters. Its functional characterization will contribute to elucidate the relevance of peptide transporters in Atlantic salmon nutritional physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francesca Vacca
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cinquetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Koji Murashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Research Center for Aquaculture Systems, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Tamaki, Japan
| | - Amilcare Barca
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elena Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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186
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Abstract
A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds. Seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. The most important and popular seed food sources are cereals, followed by legumes and nuts. Their nutritional content of fiber, protein, and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats make them extremely nutritious. They are important additions to our daily food consumption. When consumed as part of a healthy diet, seeds can help reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.
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187
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Cuparencu C, Praticó G, Hemeryck LY, Sri Harsha PSC, Noerman S, Rombouts C, Xi M, Vanhaecke L, Hanhineva K, Brennan L, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of meat and seafood intake: an extensive literature review. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31908682 PMCID: PMC6937850 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat, including fish and shellfish, represents a valuable constituent of most balanced diets. Consumption of different types of meat and fish has been associated with both beneficial and adverse health effects. While white meats and fish are generally associated with positive health outcomes, red and especially processed meats have been associated with colorectal cancer and other diseases. The contribution of these foods to the development or prevention of chronic diseases is still not fully elucidated. One of the main problems is the difficulty in properly evaluating meat intake, as the existing self-reporting tools for dietary assessment may be imprecise and therefore affected by systematic and random errors. Dietary biomarkers measured in biological fluids have been proposed as possible objective measurements of the actual intake of specific foods and as a support for classical assessment methods. Good biomarkers for meat intake should reflect total dietary intake of meat, independent of source or processing and should be able to differentiate meat consumption from that of other protein-rich foods; alternatively, meat intake biomarkers should be specific to each of the different meat sources (e.g., red vs. white; fish, bird, or mammal) and/or cooking methods. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the scientific literature while providing a comprehensive overview of the possible biomarker(s) for the intake of different types of meat, including fish and shellfish, and processed and heated meats according to published guidelines for biomarker reviews (BFIrev). The most promising biomarkers are further validated for their usefulness for dietary assessment by published validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticó
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pedapati S. C. Sri Harsha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Muyao Xi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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188
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What Is the Impact of Diet on Nutritional Diarrhea Associated with Gut Microbiota in Weaning Piglets: A System Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6916189. [PMID: 31976326 PMCID: PMC6949732 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6916189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piglets experience severe growth challenges and diarrhea after weaning due to nutritional, social, psychological, environmental, and physiological changes. Among these changes, the nutritional factor plays a key role in postweaning health. Dietary protein, fibre, starch, and electrolyte levels are highly associated with postweaning nutrition diarrhea (PWND). In this review, we mainly discuss the high protein, fibre, resistant starch, and electrolyte imbalance in diets that induce PWND, with a focus on potential mechanisms in weaned piglets.
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189
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Takiya CS, Ylioja CM, Bennett A, Davidson MJ, Sudbeck M, Wickersham TA, VandeHaar MJ, Bradford BJ. Feeding Dairy Cows With “Leftovers” and the Variation in Recovery of Human-Edible Nutrients in Milk. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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190
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Sulfur-containing amino acid supplementation to gilts from late pregnancy to lactation altered offspring's intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1227-1242. [PMID: 31853564 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during late pregnancy and lactation is highly involved with the offspring's health status. The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different ratios of methionine and cysteine (Met/Cys: 46% Met, 51% Met, 56% Met, and 62% Met; maintained with 0.78% of total sulfur-containing amino acids; details in "Materials and methods") supplements in the sows' diet from late pregnancy to lactation on offspring's plasma metabolomics and intestinal microbiota. The results revealed that the level of serum albumin, calcium, iron, and magnesium was increased in the 51% Met group compared with the 46% Met, 56% Met, and 62% Met groups. Plasma metabolomics results indicated that the higher ratios of methionine and cysteine (0.51% Met, 0.56% Met, and 0.62% Met)-supplemented groups enriched the level of hippuric acid, retinoic acid, riboflavin, and δ-tocopherol than in the 46% Met group. Furthermore, the 51% Met-supplemented group had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05), while the 62% Met-supplemented group increased the abundance of Proteobacteria compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05) in piglets' intestine. These results indicated that a diet consisting with 51% Met is the optimum Met/Cys ratio from late pregnancy to lactation can maintain the offspring's health by improving the serum biochemical indicators and altering the plasma metabolomics profile and intestinal gut microbiota composition, but higher proportion of Met/Cys may increase the possible risk to offspring's health.
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191
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Minocha S, Makkar S, Swaminathan S, Thomas T, Webb P, Kurpad AV. Supply and demand of high quality protein foods in India: Trends and opportunities. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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192
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Reckman GAR, Navis GJ, Krijnen WP, Vonk RJ, Jager-Wittenaar H, van der Schans CP. Aerobic exercise increases post-exercise exogenous protein oxidation in healthy young males. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225803. [PMID: 31765432 PMCID: PMC6876877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to utilize ingested protein for optimal support of protein synthesis and lean body mass is described within the paradigm of anabolic competence. Protein synthesis can be stimulated by physical exercise, however, it is not known if physical exercise affects post-exercise protein oxidation. Characterization of the driving forces behind protein oxidation, such as exercise, can contribute to improved understanding of whole body protein metabolism. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of two levels of aerobic exercise intensity on immediate post-exercise exogenous protein oxidation. Sixteen healthy males with a mean (SD) age of 24 (4) years participated. The subjects' VO2-max was estimated with the Åstrand cycling test. Habitual dietary intake was assessed with a three-day food diary. Exogenous protein oxidation was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. These measurements were initiated after the ingestion of a 30 g 13C-milk protein test drink that was followed by 330 minutes breath sample collection. On three different days with at least one week in between, exogenous protein oxidation was measured: 1) during rest, 2) after 15 minutes of aerobic exercise at 30% of VO2-max (moderate intensity), and 3) after 15 minutes of aerobic exercise at 60% of VO2-max (vigorous intensity). After vigorous intensity aerobic exercise, 31.8%±8.0 of the 30 g 13C-milk protein was oxidized compared to 26.2%±7.1 during resting condition (p = 0.012), and 25.4%±7.6 after moderate intensity aerobic exercise compared to resting (p = 0.711). In conclusion, exogenous protein oxidation is increased after vigorous intensity aerobic exercise which could be the result of an increased protein turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlof A. R. Reckman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim P. Krijnen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J. Vonk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees P. van der Schans
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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193
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Verspoor E, Voortman T, van Rooij FJA, Rivadeneira F, Franco OH, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Schoufour JD. Macronutrient intake and frailty: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2919-2928. [PMID: 31728680 PMCID: PMC7501120 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the longitudinal association between the macronutrient composition of the diet and frailty. Methods Data were obtained from 5205 Dutch middle-aged and older adults participating in the Rotterdam Study. Frailty was measured using a frailty index based on the accumulation of 38 health-related deficits, score between 0 and 100, and a higher score indicating more frailty. Frailty was assessed at baseline and 11 years later (range of 23 years). Macronutrient intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires. The association between macronutrients and frailty over time was evaluated using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for the frailty index at baseline, energy intake, and other relevant confounders. All analyses were performed in strata of BMI. Results Median frailty index score was 13.8 points (IQR 9.6; 19.1) at baseline and increased by a median of 2.3 points (IQR − 2.0; 7.6) after 11 years. Overall, we found no significant associations between intake of carbohydrates or fat and frailty over time. We did observe a significant positive association between an iso-energetic intake of 10 g protein and frailty over time (β 0.31 (95% CI 0.06; 0.55)) which was mainly driven by animal protein (β 0.31 (95% CI 0.07; 0.56)). It did not depend on whether it was substituted fat or carbohydrates. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a reduction in the intake of animal protein may improve the overall health status over time in a relatively healthy population. More research is needed on the optimal macronutrient composition of the diet and frailty in more vulnerable populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-02131-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Verspoor
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J A van Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center/LUMC Campus, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Josje D Schoufour
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, ACHIEVE-Centre of Applied Research, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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194
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Liu J, Klebach M, Visser M, Hofman Z. Amino Acid Availability of a Dairy and Vegetable Protein Blend Compared to Single Casein, Whey, Soy, and Pea Proteins: A Double-Blind, Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2613. [PMID: 31683779 PMCID: PMC6893549 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein quality is important for patients needing medical nutrition, especially those dependent on tube feeding. A blend of dairy and vegetable proteins (35% whey, 25% casein, 20% soy, 20% pea; P4) developed to obtain a more balanced amino acid profile with higher chemical scores, was compared to its constituent single proteins. Fourteen healthy elderly subjects received P4, whey, casein, soy, and pea (18 g/360 mL bolus) on five separate visits. Blood samples were collected at baseline until 240 min after intake. Amino acid availability was calculated using incremental maximal concentration (iCmax) and area under the curve (iAUC). Availability for P4 as a sum of all amino acids was similar to casein (iCmax and iAUC) and whey (iCmax) and higher vs. soy (iCmax and iAUC) and pea (iCmax). Individual amino acid availability (iCmax and iAUC) showed different profiles reflecting the composition of the protein sources: availability of leucine and methionine was higher for P4 vs. soy and pea; availability of arginine was higher for P4 vs. casein and whey. Conclusions: The P4 amino acid profile was reflected in post-prandial plasma levels and may be regarded as more balanced compared to the constituent single proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Liu
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Monique Visser
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zandrie Hofman
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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195
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Budhathoki S, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Yamaji T, Goto A, Kotemori A, Ishihara J, Takachi R, Charvat H, Mizoue T, Iso H, Tsugane S. Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Japanese Cohort. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:1509-1518. [PMID: 31682257 PMCID: PMC6714005 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epidemiological evidence regarding the long-term effects of higher dietary protein intake on mortality outcomes in the general population is not clear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between animal and plant protein intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study included 70 696 participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort who were aged 45 to 74 years and had no history of cancer, cerebrovascular disease, or ischemic heart disease at study baseline. Data were collected from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 1999, with follow-up completed December 31, 2016, during which 12 381 total deaths were documented. Dietary intake information was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire and used to estimate protein intake in all participants. Participants were grouped into quintile categories based on their protein intake, expressed as a percentage of total energy. Data were analyzed from July 18, 2017, through April 10, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause and cause-specific mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Among the 70 696 participants, 32 201 (45.5%) were men (mean [SD] age, 55.6 [7.6] years) and 38 495 (54.5%) were women (mean [SD] age, 55.8 [7.7] years). Intake of animal protein showed no clear association with total or cause-specific mortality. In contrast, intake of plant protein was associated with lower total mortality, with multivariable-adjusted HRs of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.95) for quintile 2; 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95) for quintile 3; 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.92) for quintile 4; and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78-0.96) for quintile 5, with quintile 1 as the reference category (P = .01 for trend). For cause-specific mortality, this association with plant protein intake was evident for cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality (HRs, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73-0.96] to 0.70 [95% CI, 0.59-0.83]; P = .002 for trend). Isocaloric substitution of 3% energy from plant protein for red meat protein was associated with lower total (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55-0.80), cancer-related (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.82), and CVD-related (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.86) mortality; substitution for processed meat protein was associated with lower total (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.75) and cancer-related (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30-0.85) mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large prospective study, higher plant protein intake was associated with lower total and CVD-related mortality. Although animal protein intake was not associated with mortality outcomes, replacement of red meat protein or processed meat protein with plant protein was associated with lower total, cancer-related, and CVD-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Budhathoki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kotemori
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Ishihara
- Department of Food and Life Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ribeka Takachi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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196
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Zhao F, Song S, Ma Y, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. A Short-Term Feeding of Dietary Casein Increases Abundance of Lactococcus lactis and Upregulates Gene Expression Involving Obesity Prevention in Cecum of Young Rats Compared With Dietary Chicken Protein. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2411. [PMID: 31708891 PMCID: PMC6824296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein and chicken are assessed to contain high quality proteins, which are essential for human health. Studies have shown that ingestion of the two dietary proteins resulted in distinct effects on physiology, liver transcriptome and gut microbiota. However, its underlying mechanism is not fully understood, in particular for a crosstalk between gut microbiota and host under a specific diet intervention. We fed young rats with a casein or a chicken protein-based diet (CHPD) for 7 days, and characterized cecal microbiota composition and cecal gene expression. We found that a short-term intervention with a casein-based diet (CAD) induced a higher relative abundance of beneficial bacterium Lactococcus lactis as well as Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, which upregulated galactose metabolism of the microbiome compared with a CHPD. The CAD also upregulated gene expression involved in obesity associated pathways (e.g., Adipoq and Irs1) in cecal tissue of rats. These genes and the bacterial taxon were reported to play an important role in protecting development of obesity. Furthermore, the differentially represented bacterial taxon L. lactis was positively associated with these differentially expressed genes in the gut tissue. Our results provide a new insight into the crosstalk between gut microbiota and host in response to dietary proteins, indicating a potential mechanism of obesity prevention function by casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangxin Song
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafang Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunbao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing, China
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197
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Goron A, Breuillard C, Cunin V, Bourgoin-Voillard S, Seve M, Moinard C. Modulation of muscle protein synthesis by amino acids: what consequences for the secretome? A preliminary in vitro study. Amino Acids 2019; 51:1681-1688. [PMID: 31654208 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The modulation by amino acids of muscle secretome is largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of hyperaminoacidemia or specific amino acids (citrulline or leucine) on protein synthesis and secretome in myotubes. All conditions stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and secretome is differently modulated depending of the amino acids considered. In conclusion, the activation of protein synthesis by amino acids induces different modulations of the muscle secretome, proposing a new role of amino acids in the regulation of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Goron
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Charlotte Breuillard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Cunin
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Seve
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Moinard
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, LBFA et BEeSy, INSERM U1055, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, 2280 rue de la Piscine, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble, France.
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198
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Schoufour JD, Overdevest E, Weijs PJM, Tieland M. Dietary Protein, Exercise, and Frailty Domains. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2399. [PMID: 31597289 PMCID: PMC6835617 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the impact of frailty on elderly people resulted in research focusing on factors that contribute to the development and persistence of frailty including nutrition and physical activity. Most effort so far has been spent on understanding the association between protein intake and the physical domain of frailty. Far less is known for other domains of frailty: cognition, mood, social health and comorbidity. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we elaborate on the evidence currently known on the association between protein and exercise as well as the broader concept of frailty. Most, but not all, identified studies concluded that low protein intake is associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of physical frailty. Far less is known on the broader concept of frailty. The few studies that do look into this association find a clear beneficial effect of physical activity but no conclusions regarding protein intake can be made yet. Similar, for other important aspects of frailty including mood, cognition, and comorbidity, the number of studies are limited and results are inconclusive. Future studies need to focus on the relation between dietary protein and the broader concept of frailty and should also consider the protein source, amount and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Faculty Health, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elvera Overdevest
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1097 DZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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199
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Mota JA, Nuckols G, Smith-Ryan AE. Nutritional Periodization: Applications for the Strength Athlete. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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200
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Xavier ADS, Furtado DZS, Assunção NA, Nascimento AN. Bioacessibility of Fe and Zn (associated to proteins) in cashew nut. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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