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Hong J, Bo T, Xi L, Xu X, He N, Zhan Y, Li W, Liang P, Chen Y, Shi J, Li D, Yan F, Gu W, Wang W, Liu R, Wang J, Wang Z, Ning G. Reversal of Functional Brain Activity Related to Gut Microbiome and Hormones After VSG Surgery in Patients With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3619-e3633. [PMID: 33950216 PMCID: PMC8372652 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is becoming a prioritized surgical intervention for obese individuals; however, the brain circuits that mediate its effective control of food intake and predict surgical outcome remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated VSG-correlated alterations of the gut-brain axis. METHODS In this observational cohort study, 80 patients with obesity were screened. A total of 36 patients together with 26 normal-weight subjects were enrolled and evaluated using the 21-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), MRI scanning, plasma intestinal hormone analysis, and fecal sample sequencing. Thirty-two patients underwent VSG treatment and 19 subjects completed an average of 4-month follow-up evaluation. Data-driven regional homogeneity (ReHo) coupled with seed-based connectivity analysis were used to quantify VSG-related brain activity. Longitudinal alterations of body weight, eating behavior, brain activity, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiota were detected and subjected to repeated measures correlation analysis. RESULTS VSG induced significant functional changes in the right putamen (PUT.R) and left supplementary motor area, both of which correlated with weight loss and TFEQ scores. Moreover, postprandial levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1) and Ghrelin were associated with ReHo of PUT.R; meanwhile, relative abundance of Clostridia increased by VSG was associated with improvements in aGLP-1 secretion, PUT.R activity, and weight loss. Importantly, VSG normalized excessive functional connectivities with PUT.R, among which baseline connectivity between PUT.R and right orbitofrontal cortex was related to postoperative weight loss. CONCLUSION VSG causes correlated alterations of gut-brain axis, including Clostridia, postprandial aGLP-1, PUT.R activity, and eating habits. Preoperative connectivity of PUT.R may represent a potential predictive marker of surgical outcome in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingting Bo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuqing Xi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yafeng Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanyu Li
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Peiwen Liang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Danjie Li
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Chinese Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
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Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Improved Insulin Resistance via Alteration of the Human Gut Microbiome and Alleviation of Endotoxemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5554991. [PMID: 34337024 PMCID: PMC8294027 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5554991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a main contributing factor for the development of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is believed to be one of the most effective treatments to reduce body weight and improve glucose metabolism. In this study, we sought to explore the underlying mechanisms of weight reduction and insulin resistance improvement after RYGB. Methods This was a prospective observational study using consecutive samples of 14 obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. Main assessments were serum indexes (blood metabolites, glucose-lipid regulating hormones, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbiota. Correlation analysis of the factors changed by RYGB was used to indicate the potential mechanism by which surgery improves insulin resistance. Results The subjects showed significant improvement on indices of obesity and insulin resistance and a correlated change of gut microbiota components at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-RYGB operation. In particular, the abundance of a counterobese strain, Akkemansia muciniphila, had gradually increased with the postoperative time. Moreover, these changes were negatively correlated to serum levels of LBP and positively correlated to serum TMAO and fecal SCFAs. Conclusions Our findings uncovered links between intestinal microbiota alterations, circulating endotoxemia, and insulin resistance. This suggests that the underlying mechanism of protection of the intestine by RYGB in obesity may be through changing the gut microbiota.
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154
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Wang B, Wang L, Wang H, Dai H, Lu X, Lee YK, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Targeting the Gut Microbiota for Remediating Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. J Nutr 2021; 151:1703-1716. [PMID: 33982127 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of obesity is rapidly increasing and has become a health and economic burden worldwide. As recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is closely linked to obesity, researchers have used various approaches to modulate the gut microbiota to treat the condition. Dietary composition and energy intake strongly affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Intestinal microbial changes alter the composition of bile acids and fatty acids and regulate bacterial lipopolysaccharide production, all of which influence energy metabolism and immunity. Evidence also suggests that remodeling the gut microbiota through intake of probiotics, prebiotics, fermented foods, and dietary plants, as well as by fecal microbiota transplantation, are feasible methods to remediate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Haojue Wang
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Dai
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xianyi Lu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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155
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Methanolic Extract of Piper sarmentosum Attenuates Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133985. [PMID: 34210097 PMCID: PMC8271521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hyperlipidemia are metabolic dysregulations that arise from poor lifestyle and unhealthy dietary intakes. These co-morbidity conditions are risk factors for vascular diseases. Piper sarmentosum (PS) is a nutritious plant that has been shown to pose various phytochemicals and pharmacological actions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS on obesity and hyperlipidemia in an animal model. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. The groups were as follows: UG-Untreated group; CTRL-control; FDW-olive oil + 20% fructose; FDW-PS-PS (125 mg/kg) + 20% fructose; FDW-NGN-naringin (100 mg/kg) + 20% fructose. Fructose drinking water was administered daily for 12 weeks ad libitum to induce metabolic abnormality. Treatment was administered at week 8 for four weeks via oral gavage. The rats were sacrificed with anesthesia at the end of the experimental period. Blood, liver, and visceral fat were collected for further analysis. The consumption of 20% fructose water by Wistar rats for eight weeks displayed a tremendous increment in body weight, fat mass, percentage fat, LDL, TG, TC, HMG-CoA reductase, leptin, and reduced the levels of HDL and adiponectin as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Following the treatment period, FDW-PS and FDW-NGN showed a significant reduction in body weight, fat mass, percentage fat, LDL, TG, TC, HMG-CoA reductase, and leptin with an increment in the levels of HDL and adiponectin compared to the FDW group. FDW-PS and FDW-NGN also showed adipocyte hypotrophy compared to the FDW group. In conclusion, oral administration of 125 mg/kg PS methanolic extract to fructose-induced obese rats led to significant amelioration of obesity and hyperlipidemia through suppressing the adipocytes and inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. PS has the potential to be used as an alternative or adjunct therapy for obesity and hyperlipidemia.
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156
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Wang G, Zhu G, Chen C, Zheng Y, Ma F, Zhao J, Lee YK, Zhang H, Chen W. Lactobacillus strains derived from human gut ameliorate metabolic disorders via modulation of gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids metabolism. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:267-281. [PMID: 34109894 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are believed to be a pathway to suppress the development of metabolic syndrome. In this study, three Lactobacillus strains derived from the human gut were investigated for their effects on alleviation of metabolic disorders. These strains were individually administered to metabolic disorder rats induced by high-fat-high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Each strain exhibited its own characteristics in attenuating the impaired glucose-insulin homeostasis, hepatic oxidative damage and steatosis. Correlation analysis between SCFAs and host metabolic parameters suggested that Lactobacillus protective effects on metabolic disorders are partly mediated by recovery of SCFAs production, especially the faecal acetic acid. Correspondingly, it indicated that probiotics restore the gut microbiota dysbiosis in different extent, thereby protect against metabolic disorders in a manner that is associated with microbiota, but not totally reverse the changed composition of microbiota to the normal state. Thus, Lactobacillus strains partly protect against diet-induced metabolic syndrome by microbiota modulation and acetate elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - G Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - C Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - Y Zheng
- Infinitus (China) company Ltd., Guangzhou 510623, China P.R
| | - F Ma
- Infinitus (China) company Ltd., Guangzhou 510623, China P.R
| | - J Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China P.R
| | - Y-K Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China P.R.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China P.R.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - W Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China P.R.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China P.R
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Zheng F, Wang Z, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhao J, Zhang H, Yang B, Chen W. Lactobacillus rhamnosus FJSYC4-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri FGSZY33L6 alleviate metabolic syndrome via gut microbiota regulation. Food Funct 2021; 12:3919-3930. [PMID: 33977963 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, which includes a series of metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and obesity, has become a catastrophic disease worldwide. Accordingly, probiotic intervention is a new strategy to alleviate metabolic syndrome, which can adjust the gut microbiota to a certain extent. The aim of the current work was to explore the alleviation of metabolic syndrome by Lactobacillus reuteri and L. rhamnosus. Two L. reuteri and two L. rhamnosus strains were administered to mice with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. All Lactobacillus strains tested significantly slowed weight gain in the mice. Among four strains, L. reuteri FGSZY33L6 and L. rhamnosus FJSYC4-1 showed the strongest ability to relieve blood glucose disorders, blood lipid disorders, tissue damage, and particularly gut microbiota disorders. Thus, our findings indicate that these strains can regulate the gut microbiota and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can induce satiety hormones, inhibit food intake and increase satiety, and thus improve metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland and Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China and International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China and National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China and Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China and International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China and National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China and Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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Ferreira RLU, Sena-Evangelista KCM, de Azevedo EP, Pinheiro FI, Cobucci RN, Pedrosa LFC. Selenium in Human Health and Gut Microflora: Bioavailability of Selenocompounds and Relationship With Diseases. Front Nutr 2021; 8:685317. [PMID: 34150830 PMCID: PMC8211732 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.685317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers current knowledge of selenium in the dietary intake, its bioavailability, metabolism, functions, biomarkers, supplementation and toxicity, as well as its relationship with diseases and gut microbiota specifically on the symbiotic relationship between gut microflora and selenium status. Selenium is essential for the maintenance of the immune system, conversion of thyroid hormones, protection against the harmful action of heavy metals and xenobiotics as well as for the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases. Selenium is able to balance the microbial flora avoiding health damage associated with dysbiosis. Experimental studies have shown that inorganic and organic selenocompounds are metabolized to selenomethionine and incorporated by bacteria from the gut microflora, therefore highlighting their role in improving the bioavailability of selenocompounds. Dietary selenium can affect the gut microbial colonization, which in turn influences the host's selenium status and expression of selenoproteoma. Selenium deficiency may result in a phenotype of gut microbiota that is more susceptible to cancer, thyroid dysfunctions, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular disorders. Although the host and gut microbiota benefit each other from their symbiotic relationship, they may become competitors if the supply of micronutrients is limited. Intestinal bacteria can remove selenium from the host resulting in two to three times lower levels of host's selenoproteins under selenium-limiting conditions. There are still gaps in whether these consequences are unfavorable to humans and animals or whether the daily intake of selenium is also adapted to meet the needs of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Cavalcanti Maurício Sena-Evangelista
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pereira de Azevedo
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil
| | - Francisco Irochima Pinheiro
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil.,Medical School, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil.,Medical School, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucia Fatima Campos Pedrosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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159
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Kaur H, Golovko S, Golovko MY, Singh S, Darland DC, Combs CK. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Short Chain Fatty Acids in the AppNL-G-F Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1083-1102. [PMID: 32623399 PMCID: PMC8104916 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been implicated in immune function, host metabolism, and even behavior. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate whether probiotic administration influences levels of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in a fashion that may attenuate brain changes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were compared to AppNL-G-Fmice. The animals were treated with either vehicle or probiotic (VSL#3) for 8 weeks. Fecal microbiome analysis along with Aβ, GFAP, Iba-1, c-Fos, and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was done. SCFAs were analyzed in serum and brains using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Probiotic (VSL#3) supplementation for 2 months resulted in altered microbiota in both WT and AppNL-G-Fmice. An increase in serum SCFAs acetate, butyrate, and lactate were found in both genotypes following VSL#3 treatment. Propionate and isobutyrate were only increased in AppNL-G-Fmice. Surprisingly, VSL#3 only increased lactate and acetate in brains of AppNL-G-Fmice. No significant differences were observed between vehicle and VSL#3 fed AppNL-G-Fhippocampal immunoreactivities of Aβ, GFAP, Iba-1, and Ki-67. However, hippocampal c-Fos staining increased in VSL#3 fed AppNL-G-Fmice. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate intestinal dysbiosis in the AppNL-G-Fmouse model of AD. Probiotic VSL#3 feeding altered both serum and brain levels of lactate and acetate in AppNL-G-Fmice correlating with increased expression of the neuronal activity marker, c-Fos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Svetlana Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Mikhail Y Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Surjeet Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience (CCBN), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Diane C Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, College of Arts & Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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The Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis in Controlling Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115830. [PMID: 34072450 PMCID: PMC8198395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity currently represents a major societal and health challenge worldwide. Its prevalence has reached epidemic proportions and trends continue to rise, reflecting the need for more effective preventive measures. Hypothalamic circuits that control energy homeostasis in response to food intake are interesting targets for body-weight management, for example, through interventions that reinforce the gut-to-brain nutrient signalling, whose malfunction contributes to obesity. Gut microbiota-diet interactions might interfere in nutrient sensing and signalling from the gut to the brain, where the information is processed to control energy homeostasis. This gut microbiota-brain crosstalk is mediated by metabolites, mainly short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids or amino acids-derived metabolites and subcellular bacterial components. These activate gut-endocrine and/or neural-mediated pathways or pass to systemic circulation and then reach the brain. Feeding time and dietary composition are the main drivers of the gut microbiota structure and function. Therefore, aberrant feeding patterns or unhealthy diets might alter gut microbiota-diet interactions and modify nutrient availability and/or microbial ligands transmitting information from the gut to the brain in response to food intake, thus impairing energy homeostasis. Herein, we update the scientific evidence supporting that gut microbiota is a source of novel dietary and non-dietary biological products that may beneficially regulate gut-to-brain communication and, thus, improve metabolic health. Additionally, we evaluate how the feeding time and dietary composition modulate the gut microbiota and, thereby, the intraluminal availability of these biological products with potential effects on energy homeostasis. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and the advances required to clinically apply microbiome-based strategies to improve the gut-brain axis function and, thus, combat obesity.
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161
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Dixit K, Chaudhari D, Dhotre D, Shouche Y, Saroj S. Restoration of dysbiotic human gut microbiome for homeostasis. Life Sci 2021; 278:119622. [PMID: 34015282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, and the imbalance of its microbial community structure from the normal state is termed dysbiosis. The dysbiotic gut microbiome has been proved to be related to several pathological conditions like Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Colorectal Cancer (CRC), etc., and several other extra-intestinal conditions like Type 1 & 2 diabetes, obesity, etc. The complex gut microbial ecosystem starts to build before the birth of an individual. It is known to get affected by several factors such as birth mode, individual lifestyle, dietary practices, medications, and antibiotics. A dysbiotic microbiome can potentially hamper host homeostasis due to its role in immune modulation, metabolism, nutrient synthesis, etc. Restoration of the dysbiotic gut microbiome has emerged as a promising aid and a better therapeutic approach. Several approaches have been investigated to achieve this goal, including prebiotics and probiotics, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), extracellular vesicles, immune modulation, microbial metabolites, dietary interventions, and phages. This review discusses the various factors that influence the human microbiome with respect to their cause-effect relationship and the effect of gut microbiome compositional changes on the brain through the gut-brain axis. We also discuss the practices used globally for gut microbiome restoration purposes, along with their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dixit
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Diptaraj Chaudhari
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Dhiraj Dhotre
- Innovative Technology Group, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt Ltd., Navi-Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh Shouche
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Sunil Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
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162
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Mirzaei R, Bouzari B, Hosseini-Fard SR, Mazaheri M, Ahmadyousefi Y, Abdi M, Jalalifar S, Karimitabar Z, Teimoori A, Keyvani H, Zamani F, Yousefimashouf R, Karampoor S. Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111661. [PMID: 34243604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, accumulating evidence from the research highlights the suggested effects of bacterial communities of the human gut microbiota and their metabolites on health and disease. In this regard, microbiota-derived metabolites and their receptors, beyond the immune system, maintain metabolism homeostasis, which is essential to maintain the host's health by balancing the utilization and intake of nutrients. It has been shown that gut bacterial dysbiosis can cause pathology and altered bacterial metabolites' formation, resulting in dysregulation of the immune system and metabolism. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, acetate, and succinate, are produced due to the fermentation process of bacteria in the gut. It has been noted remodeling in the gut microbiota metabolites associated with the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stress, anxiety, depression, autism, vascular dementia, schizophrenia, stroke, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, among others. This review will discuss the current evidence from the most significant studies dealing with some SCFAs from gut microbial metabolism with selected neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mazaheri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Milad Abdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Jalalifar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Karimitabar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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163
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Arora T, Vanslette AM, Hjorth SA, Bäckhed F. Microbial regulation of enteroendocrine cells. MED 2021; 2:553-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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164
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Akkermansia muciniphila secretes a glucagon-like peptide-1-inducing protein that improves glucose homeostasis and ameliorates metabolic disease in mice. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:563-573. [PMID: 33820962 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, which includes Akkermansia muciniphila, is known to modulate energy metabolism, glucose tolerance, immune system maturation and function in humans1-4. Although A. muciniphila is correlated with metabolic diseases and its beneficial causal effects were reported on host metabolism5-8, the molecular mechanisms involved have not been identified. Here, we report that A. muciniphila increases thermogenesis and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J mice by induction of uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue and systemic GLP-1 secretion. We apply fast protein liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrophotometry analysis to identify an 84 kDa protein, named P9, that is secreted by A. muciniphila. Using L cells and mice fed on an HFD, we show that purified P9 alone is sufficient to induce GLP-1 secretion and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Using ligand-receptor capture analysis, we find that P9 interacts with intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2). Interleukin-6 deficiency abrogates the effects of P9 in glucose homeostasis and downregulates ICAM-2 expression. Our results show that the interactions between P9 and ICAM-2 could be targeted by therapeutics for metabolic diseases.
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165
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Zhang J, Tang Q, Zhu L. Could the Gut Microbiota Serve as a Therapeutic Target in Ischemic Stroke? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:1391384. [PMID: 33959182 PMCID: PMC8075659 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1391384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain-gut axis is a relatively recent discovery of a two-way regulation system between the gut and brain, suggesting that the gut microbiota may be a promising targeted prevention and treatment strategy for patients with a high risk of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. There are many risk factors for ischemic stroke, and many studies have shown that the gut microbiota affects the absorption and metabolism of the body, as well as the risk factors of stroke, such as blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and atherosclerosis, either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, the gut microbiota can affect the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic stroke by regulating risk factors or immune responses. Therefore, this study aimed to collect evidence of the interaction between gut microbiota and ischemic stroke, summarize the interaction mechanism between the two, and explore the gut microbiota as a new targeted prevention and treatment strategy for patients with high ischemic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Rehabilitation Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Guogeli Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- Rehabilitation Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Guogeli Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
- Brain Function and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Guogeli Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
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166
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Pegah A, Abbasi-Oshaghi E, Khodadadi I, Mirzaei F, Tayebinai H. Probiotic and resveratrol normalize GLP-1 levels and oxidative stress in the intestine of diabetic rats. Metabol Open 2021; 10:100093. [PMID: 33997755 PMCID: PMC8091914 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the use of incretins has been considered as a therapeutic target for diabetes. One of the important incretins in the improvement of diabetes is glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), which is secreted by the gut and reduces the apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells and improves insulin sensitivity. In this experiment we determined the effects of resveratrol and probiotics on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and GLP-1 in type 2 diabetes (T2D) rats. Methods In this study, 40 male Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups: 1. Control group, 2. T2D, 3. T2D treated with probiotics, 4. T2D treated with resveratrol, 5. T2D group treated with probiotics and resveratrol. After four weeks, the intestine were removed for histopathological analysis, biochemical tests, and oxidative stress markers. Results Probiotics and resveratrol significantly decreased (p < 0.001) glucose and insulin resistance, and increased (p < 0.001) GLP1 and total antioxidant capacity compared to the diabetic group. Treatment with probiotics and resveratrol also returned intestinal histological changes in diabetic rats to normal. Conclusion Resveratrol and probiotics appear to be effective in controlling T2D by increasing GLP-1 levels and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Pegah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abbasi-Oshaghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tayebinai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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167
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The Effects of Pro-, Pre-, and Synbiotics on Muscle Wasting, a Systematic Review-Gut Permeability as Potential Treatment Target. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041115. [PMID: 33805286 PMCID: PMC8065581 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a frequently observed, inflammation-driven condition in aging and disease, known as sarcopenia and cachexia. Current treatment strategies target the muscle directly and are often not able to reverse the process. Because a reduced gut function is related to systemic inflammation, this might be an indirect target to ameliorate muscle wasting, by administering pro-, pre-, and synbiotics. Therefore, this review aimed to study the potential of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics to treat muscle wasting and to elucidate which metabolites and mechanisms affect the organ crosstalk in cachexia. Overall, the literature shows that Lactobacillus species pluralis (spp.) and possibly other genera, such as Bifidobacterium, can ameliorate muscle wasting in mouse models. The beneficial effects of Lactobacillus spp. supplementation may be attributed to its potential to improve microbiome balance and to its reported capacity to reduce gut permeability. A subsequent literature search revealed that the reduction of a high gut permeability coincided with improved muscle mass or strength, which shows an association between gut permeability and muscle mass. A possible working mechanism is proposed, involving lactate, butyrate, and reduced inflammation in gut–brain–muscle crosstalk. Thus, reducing gut permeability via Lactobacillus spp. supplementation could be a potential treatment strategy for muscle wasting.
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168
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Palani Kumar M, Halami PM, Serva Peddha M. Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760-Based Probiotic Curd on Hypercholesterolemic C57BL6 Mice. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7701-7710. [PMID: 33778280 PMCID: PMC7992159 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760 is a probiotic strain proven earlier for cholesterol-reducing and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. This study investigates L. fermentum MCC2760-based probiotic curd in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed C57BL6 mice. The mice were grouped into normal diet control, high-cholesterol diet control, normal diet with probiotic supplementation, and high-cholesterol diet with probiotic supplementation. Control groups and treatment groups were supplemented with market curd and probiotic curd, respectively, via oral gavage for eight weeks. The probiotic count was maintained at 10.95 log CFU/mL in the developed probiotic curd. The HCD group showed an increase in feed intake and body weight. Reduction in the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase was observed in probiotic-supplemented groups. The probiotic-supplemented group resulted in an increase in Lactobacillus spp. count along with reduced pathogen count in the feces. Probiotic supplementation also showed a reduction in the bacterial translocation count in mesenteric adipose tissue. Expression of inflammatory markers by qPCR showed the decline in the fold change of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 and elevation in the fold change of IL-10 in the adipose tissue of the probiotic-treated group. Probiotic supplementation also improved the expression of GLP-1, ZO-1, and CB2 in the intestine. They were thus possibly playing a role in the enhancement of barrier function. Histopathological sections showed improvement in the cellular infiltration and pathological indications due to the high-cholesterol diet intake. Our study also confirmed that probiotics could increase serum antioxidant enzymes in treated groups, showing their beneficial antioxidant activity. It suggests the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effect, and gut barrier function of the given probiotic formulation, which ameliorate hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena
Kumari Palani Kumar
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department
of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Prakash Motiram Halami
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department
of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological
Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Muthukumar Serva Peddha
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department
of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India
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169
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Rauf A, Khalil AA, Rahman UU, Khalid A, Naz S, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Urtecho EZ, de Albuquerque RDDG, Anwar S, Alamri A, Saini RK, Rengasamy KRR. Recent advances in the therapeutic application of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): An updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6034-6054. [PMID: 33703960 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important frontier in understanding the human body's homeostasis and the development of diseases. Gut flora in human beings regulates various metabolic functionalities, including enzymes, amino acid synthesis, bio-transformation of bile acid, fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs), generation of indoles and polyamines (PAs), and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Among all the metabolites produced by gut microbiota, SCFAs, the final product of fermentation of dietary fibers by gut microbiota, receive lots of attention from scientists due to their pharmacological and physiological characteristics. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of SCFAs in the interaction between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism is still needed in-depth research. This review highlights the recent biotechnological advances in applying SCFAs as important metabolites to treat various diseases and maintain colonic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ubaid-Ur- Rahman
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahood Khalid
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Naz
- Deaprtment of Biotechnology, Woman University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian
| | | | | | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | | | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, North West Province, South Africa
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170
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Zhang Z, Bai L, Guan M, Zhou X, Liang X, Lv Y, Yi H, Zhou H, Liu T, Gong P, Sun J, Zhang L. Potential probiotics Lactobacillus casei K11 combined with plant extracts reduce markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1970-1982. [PMID: 33694236 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Probiotics and plant extracts have been used to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study aimed to explore the effect of the interaction between potential probiotics and bitter gourd extract (BGE) or mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS Potential probiotics were tested for their gastrointestinal tract viability and growth situation combined with BGE and MLE in vitro. The diabetes model was constructed in C57BL/6 mice, and the potential effect and mechanism of regulating blood glucose were verified. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), gas chromatography (GC), ELISA, and RT-PCR were also used for analysis. The results showed that Lactobacillus casei K11 had outstanding gastrointestinal tract viability and growth situation with plant extracts. Administration of L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE significantly reduced blood glucose levels and ameliorated insulin resistance in diabetic mice than the administration of Lactobacillus paracasei J5 combined with BGE and MLE. Moreover, in L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE groups, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were regulated. Furthermore, the results indicated that L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE improved free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) upregulation, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE modified the SCFA-FFAR2-GLP-1 pathway to improve T2DM. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study identified a new modality for evaluating interactions between potential probiotics and plant extracts. Our findings revealed that L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE significantly promoted the SCFA-FFAR2-GLP-1 pathway to inhibit T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Bai
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - M Guan
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Zhou
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - T Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - P Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - J Sun
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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171
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Seif El-Din SH, Salem MB, El-Lakkany NM, Hammam OA, Nasr SM, Okasha H, Ahmed LA, Saleh S, Botros SS. Early intervention with probiotics and metformin alleviates liver injury in NAFLD rats via targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis and p-AKT/mTOR/LC-3II pathways. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1496-1509. [PMID: 33678036 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121999445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes a major health problem worldwide and intimately links with obesity and diabetes. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic impact of early treatment with metformin (MTF) alone or in combination with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (L. reuteri) + metronidazole (MTZ) in male Sprague Dawley rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Hepatic steatosis was induced by feeding rats HFD for 6 weeks. MTF (150 mg/kg/day) or L. reuteri (2 × 109 colony forming unit/day) were given orally for 4 weeks; meanwhile, MTZ (15 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered for 1 week. Administration of L. reuteri + MTZ in combination with MTF produced a superior effect concerning insulin resistance (IR), lipid profile, liver function, oxidative stress, inflammatory and autophagic markers than using each treatment alone. Besides, this combination resulted in disappearance of steatosis, inflammation and vacuolation within hepatic architecture. Moreover, it normalized short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes faecal contents. In conclusion, early treatment with L. reuteri + MTZ in combination with MTF could prevent NAFLD progression and liver injury through targeting gut dysbiosis, inflammation and autophagic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed H Seif El-Din
- Pharmacology Department, 230796Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - M B Salem
- Pharmacology Department, 230796Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - N M El-Lakkany
- Pharmacology Department, 230796Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - O A Hammam
- Pathology Department, 230796Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - S M Nasr
- Biochemistry Department, 230796Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - H Okasha
- Biochemistry Department, 230796Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - L A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, 110154Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Saleh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, 110154Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S S Botros
- Pharmacology Department, 230796Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
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172
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Wang G, Pan R, Liang X, Wu X, Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced liver injury is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129004. [PMID: 33279240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an environmental pollutant, is widely engaged in industrial products and tends to accumulate in the liver. Emerging evidence has suggested that the gut microbiome is a pivotal player in maintaining animal health and can potentially altered by xenobiotic. However, few studies explored whether PFOA-induced liver injury is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the present study, the effects of subacute and subchronic PFOA exposure on liver and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice were investigated. Our findings showed that both subacute and subchronic exposure to PFOA induced the liver inflammation, disrupted antioxidative homeostasis and caused liver histological abnormalities with detectable hepatomegaly, ultimately triggering liver injury. Besides, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that subacute PFOA exposure caused significant changes in the abundances of intestinal flora known to contribute to liver inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the Dehalobacterium and Bacteroides genera. Exposure to subchronic toxicity mainly induced the decrease in commensal probiotics including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, which are potentially beneficial to liver damage, compared with that in the untreated group. They also resulted in disturbed functional capabilities of the microbial communities by a Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. Additionally, the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid, were significantly reduced by PFOA administration. Collectively, our observations suggested that liver damage induced by both subacute and subchronic PFOA exposures probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis and provided a new insight into the role of PFOA in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Ruili Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Xi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yanmin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, PR China
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Alard J, Cudennec B, Boutillier D, Peucelle V, Descat A, Decoin R, Kuylle S, Jablaoui A, Rhimi M, Wolowczuk I, Pot B, Tailleux A, Maguin E, Holowacz S, Grangette C. Multiple Selection Criteria for Probiotic Strains with High Potential for Obesity Management. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030713. [PMID: 33668212 PMCID: PMC7995962 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since alterations of the gut microbiota have been shown to play a major role in obesity, probiotics have attracted attention. Our aim was to identify probiotic candidates for the management of obesity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. We evaluated in vitro the ability of 23 strains to limit lipid accumulation in adipocytes and to enhance the secretion of satiety-promoting gut peptide in enteroendocrine cells. Following the in vitro screening, selected strains were further investigated in vivo, single, or as mixtures, using a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Strain Bifidobacterium longum PI10 administrated alone and the mixture of B. animalis subsp. lactis LA804 and Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 limited body weight gain and reduced obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. These protective effects were associated with changes in the hypothalamic gene expression of leptin and leptin receptor as well as with changes in the composition of gut microbiota and the profile of bile acids. This study provides crucial clues to identify new potential probiotics as effective therapeutic approaches in the management of obesity, while also providing some insights into their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Alard
- U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.A.); (D.B.); (V.P.); (I.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Université de Lille, UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Denise Boutillier
- U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.A.); (D.B.); (V.P.); (I.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Véronique Peucelle
- U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.A.); (D.B.); (V.P.); (I.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Amandine Descat
- EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Raphaël Decoin
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université deLille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1011—EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; (R.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Sarah Kuylle
- GENIBIO, Le Pradas, ZI du Couserans, 09190 Lorp-Sentaraille, France;
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.J.); (M.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.J.); (M.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.A.); (D.B.); (V.P.); (I.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Bruno Pot
- U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.A.); (D.B.); (V.P.); (I.W.); (B.P.)
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université deLille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1011—EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; (R.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.J.); (M.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Sophie Holowacz
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Corinne Grangette
- U1019—UMR 9017—CIIL—Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.A.); (D.B.); (V.P.); (I.W.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3208-77392
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174
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Liu C, Kang D, Xiao J, Huang Y, Peng X, Wang W, Xie P, Yang Y, Zhao J, Wu R. Dietary fiber and probiotics for the treatment of atypical antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:159. [PMID: 33622382 PMCID: PMC7903643 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical antipsychotic medications, which are effective for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are associated with features of metabolic syndrome, such as weight gain, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Although there are a few studies on the effects of dietary fiber or probiotics on weight loss in obese people, no published trials have reported the efficacy of dietary fiber and probiotics on reducing atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Methods For this 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 100 patients with a weight gain of more than 10% after taking atypical antipsychotic medications were recruited. Participants were randomized to four groups as follows: probiotics (840 mg twice daily (bid)) plus dietary fiber (30 g bid), probiotics (840 mg bid) plus placebo, placebo plus dietary fiber (30 g bid), or placebo group. The primary outcome was the change in body weight. Secondary outcomes included changes in metabolic syndrome parameters, appetite score, biomarkers associated with a change in weight, and gut microbiota composition and function. Discussion To date, this is the first randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial investigating the efficacy of dietary fiber and probiotics alone and in combination to reduce metabolic side effects induced by atypical antipsychotic medications. If effective, it is possible to conclude that dietary fiber and probiotics can reduce atypical antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03379597. Registered on 19 November 2017. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05123-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Dongyu Kang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingmei Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjie Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Renrong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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175
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Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YA, Maev IV. [Efficacy of butyric acid inclusion in eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis of controlled trials]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:158-163. [PMID: 36286629 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.02.200608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Systematization of data on the efficacy and safety of butyric acid inclusion in eradication therapy (ET) regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS Research searches were carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) until November 2020. All controlled studies comparing the efficacy and/or safety of including butyric acid in ET regimens for H. pylori infection were included in the final analysis. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 6 controlled studies (1 Italy, 5 Russia) involving 736 patients (381 in the ET groups with butyric acid; 355 in the comparison groups). The pooled eradication efficiency in the butyric acid groups was 90.23% (95% confidence interval CI 86.73493.069), while in the comparison groups it was 65.69% (95% CI 60.44170.669). Meta-analysis showed that the addition of butyric acid to ET regimens significantly increased the eradication efficiency (odds ratio OR 5.355, 95% CI 3.5048.184; p0.001). There was no significant heterogeneity between results (p=0.1408; I2=42.1%). The addition of butyric acid to ET regimens significantly reduces the risk of diarrhea (OR 0.225, 95% CI 0.09230.549; p=0.001; I2=34.21%) and abdominal distention (OR 0.357, 95% CI 0.1550.818; p=0.015; I2=80.13%) by the end of the 1st week of treatment. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis demonstrated that the inclusion of butyric acid in ET regimens for H. pylori infection significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the incidence of side effects. Apparently, the increase in the effectiveness of eradication is due to an increase in patient compliance with treatment due to an improvement in the safety profile of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Andreev
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Y A Kucheryavyy
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - I V Maev
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
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176
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Labban RSM, ALfawaz HA, Moubayed NM, Shawakir YA, El-Ansary A. Impacts of the independent and synergistic effects of curcuma and mangosteen extracts on the gut bacterial composition in lean and obese rats. Microb Pathog 2021; 153:104794. [PMID: 33581279 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols in plant extracts are being widely investigated due to their great health-promoting activities and effect on modulating gut ecology. In turn, gut microbiota, plays a vital role in the biological activities of phenolic metabolites, particularly after the intake of food rich in polyphenols, such as plant extracts. However, this two-way relationship between polyphenols and microbiota is poorly understood. We prepared curcuma and mangosteen methanol extracts and fed them to healthy, lean, and obese rats over a period of 10 weeks. Subsequent alterations in the gut microbiota were determined. Overall, Firmicutes were more abundant than Bacteroidetes throughout the experiment. A particular increase of gram-positive cocci species and a significant decrease in both Clostridium and Bacteroides species were noted primarily in the first weeks of both plant extract intake in the control and lean rats. Compared to obese rats fed a regular diet, obese rats fed plant extracts showed an increase in Enterobacteriacea, Clostridium, and Bacteroides species and a decrease in gram-positive cocci in the first weeks of treatment with the last weeks of treatment the results at the species level were inverted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranyah Shaker M Labban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Ministry of Health, General Administration of Nutrition, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A ALfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine Ms Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yasser Al- Shawakir
- Prince Naif for Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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177
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A Newly Developed Synbiotic Yogurt Prevents Diabetes by Improving the Microbiome-Intestine-Pancreas Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041647. [PMID: 33562070 PMCID: PMC7915949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, and there are no long-term preventive strategies to stop this growth. Emerging research shows that perturbations in the gut microbiome significantly contribute to the development of T2D, while microbiome modulators may be beneficial for T2D prevention. However, microbiome modulators that are effective, safe, affordable, and able to be administered daily are not yet available. Based on our previous pro- and prebiotic studies, we developed a novel synbiotic yogurt comprised of human-origin probiotics and plant-based prebiotics and investigated its impact on diet- and streptozotocin-induced T2D in mice. We compared the effects of our synbiotic yogurt to those of a commercially available yogurt (control yogurt). Interestingly, we found that the feeding of the synbiotic yogurt significantly reduced the development of hyperglycemia (diabetes) in response to high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin compared to milk-fed controls. Surprisingly, the control yogurt exacerbated diabetes progression. Synbiotic yogurt beneficially modulated the gut microbiota composition compared to milk, while the control yogurt negatively modulated it by significantly increasing the abundance of detrimental bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the synbiotic yogurt protected pancreatic islet morphology compared to the milk control, while the control yogurt demonstrated worse effects on islets. These results suggest that our newly developed synbiotic yogurt protects against diabetes in mice and can be used as a therapeutic to prevent diabetes progression.
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178
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Luo C, Wan J, Rao Z, Zhang Y. Synbiotic supplementation for glycemic status in pregnant women: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:146-151. [PMID: 33356677 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1853696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of synbiotic supplementation on glycemic status in pregnant women remained controversial and this meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy of synbiotic supplementation on glycemic status in pregnant women. METHODS We have searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of synbiotic on glycemic status in pregnant women were included. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model. RESULTS Four RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control intervention in pregnant women, synbiotic supplementation was associated with significantly reduced serum insulin (SMD = -0.69; 95%CI = -1.06 to -0.32; p = .0002) and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, SMD = -0.53; 95%CI = -0.87 to -0.18; p = .003), but had no significant effect on fasting plasma glucose (FPG, SMD = -0.16; 95%CI = -0.43 to 0.11; p = .24), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI, SMD = 0.54; 95%CI = -0.10 to 1.18; p = .10) or CRP (SMD = -0.29; 95%CI = -1.23 to 0.64; p = .54). CONCLUSIONS Synbiotic supplementation was beneficial to glycemic control in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zichen Rao
- Department of Endocrinology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, P. R. China
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Coppola S, Avagliano C, Calignano A, Berni Canani R. The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030682. [PMID: 33525625 PMCID: PMC7865491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide obesity is a public health concern that has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is the major predisposing factor to comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The common forms of obesity are multifactorial and derive from a complex interplay of environmental changes and the individual genetic predisposition. Increasing evidence suggest a pivotal role played by alterations of gut microbiota (GM) that could represent the causative link between environmental factors and onset of obesity. The beneficial effects of GM are mainly mediated by the secretion of various metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are small organic metabolites produced by fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch with vast beneficial effects in energy metabolism, intestinal homeostasis and immune responses regulation. An aberrant production of SCFAs has emerged in obesity and metabolic diseases. Among SCFAs, butyrate emerged because it might have a potential in alleviating obesity and related comorbidities. Here we reviewed the preclinical and clinical data that contribute to explain the role of butyrate in this context, highlighting its crucial contribute in the diet-GM-host health axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7462680
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The Aging Bowel Dysfunction and Elderly Vulnerability towards COVID-19 Infection. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020097. [PMID: 33525368 PMCID: PMC7912227 DOI: 10.3390/life11020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, primarily a respiratory tract virus, also affects the enteric organs. The most affected sector of the community are the retirement and nursing home elderly residents. Along their life the senescent gastrointestinal functions are deteriorating and failing to fully execute their digestive, absorptive, mucosal barriers, and immune protective duties. Adding the decreased motility, increased intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, morbid chronic disease background, the consumed polypharmacy enteric adverse effects to the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 host receptor along the intestinal tracts put the basis for the current hypothesis. It is hypothesized that the disadvantages and failures of the aging enteric tract contribute to the elderly morbidity and mortality during the current new coronavirus pandemic. In a more optimistic look, several nutraceuticals can prevent or restore the dysfunctional intestinal barrier functions, mainly in the elderly and potentially in those who are SARS-CoV-2 infected.
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181
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Naqvi S, Asar TO, Kumar V, Al-Abbasi FA, Alhayyani S, Kamal MA, Anwar F. A cross-talk between gut microbiome, salt and hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111156. [PMID: 33401080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disorders contribute to one of the major causes of fatality across the world. Hypertensive patients, even well maintained on drugs, possess a high risk to cardiovascular diseases. It is, therefore, highly important to identify different factors and pathways that lead to risk and progression of cardiovascular disorders. Several animals and human studies suggest that taxonomical alterations in the gut are involved in the cardiovascular physiology. In this article, with the help of various experimental evidences, we suggest that the host gut-microbiota plays an important in this pathway. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and Trimethyl Amine -n-Oxide (TMAO) are the two major products of gut microbiome. SCFAs present a crucial role in regulating the blood pressure, while TMAO is involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases, including hypertension. We prove that there exists a triangular bridge connecting the gap between dietary salt, hypertension and gut microbiome. We also present some of the dietary interventions which can regulate and control microbiota that can prevent cardiovascular complications.We strongly believe that this article would improve the understanding the role of gut microbiota in hypertension, and will be helpful in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention of hypertension through restoring gut microbiome homeostasis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Naqvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Turky Omar Asar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences. Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, India.
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alhayyani
- Department of Chemistry. College of Sciences & Arts, Rabigh King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 27707, Australia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Martin-Nuñez GM, Cornejo-Pareja I, Clemente-Postigo M, Tinahones FJ. Gut Microbiota: The Missing Link Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Metabolic Disorders? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:639856. [PMID: 34220702 PMCID: PMC8247771 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.639856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide. Although the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, this bacterium colonizes the gastric mucosa causing the development of various clinical conditions as peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, but complications are not limited to gastric ones. Extradigestive pathologies, including metabolic disturbances such as diabetes, obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, have also been associated with H. pylori infection. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting H. pylori with extragastric metabolic diseases needs to be clarified. Notably, the latest studies on the topic have confirmed that H. pylori infection modulates gut microbiota in humans. Damage in the gut bacterial community (dysbiosis) has been widely related to metabolic dysregulation by affecting adiposity, host energy balance, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormonal modulation, among others. Taking into account that Type 2 diabetic patients are more prone to be H. pylori positive, gut microbiota emerges as putative key factor responsible for this interaction. In this regard, the therapy of choice for H. pylori eradication, based on proton pump inhibitor combined with two or more antibiotics, also alters gut microbiota composition, but consequences on metabolic health of the patients has been scarcely explored. Recent studies from our group showed that, despite decreasing gut bacterial diversity, conventional H. pylori eradication therapy is related to positive changes in glucose and lipid profiles. The mechanistic insights explaining these effects should also be addressed in future research. This review will deal with the role of gut microbiota as the linking factor between H. pylori infection and metabolic diseases, and discussed the impact that gut bacterial modulation by H. pylori eradication treatment can also have in host's metabolism. For this purpose, new evidence from the latest human studies published in more recent years will be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia M. Martin-Nuñez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Tinahones, ; Mercedes Clemente-Postigo,
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Tinahones, ; Mercedes Clemente-Postigo,
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183
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Jafarabadi MA, Dehghani A, Khalili L, Barzegar A, Mesrizad M, Hassanalilou T. A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of the Effect of Probiotic Food or Supplement on Glycemic Response and Body Mass Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Updating the Evidence. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:356-364. [PMID: 32787763 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200812151029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of probiotics on glucose metabolism and body mass index (BMI), and compare the efficacy of probiotic food with the probiotic supplement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. METHODS Online databases Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched until November 2019 to identify eligible articles. Fourteen trials were included. RESULTS Probiotic consumption reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD=-0.38, 95% CI: -0.76 to 0.01), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (SMD=-0.64, 95% CI: -0.91 to -0.38), fasting insulin concentration (SMD=-0.48, 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.15), HOMA-IR (SMD=-1.01, 95% CI, -1.51 to -0.52), and BMI (SMD=-0.02, 95%CI, -0.17 to 0.13) in intervention groups compared with control groups. Subgroup analysis was conducted to trials with probiotic foods and probiotic supplements. Both of probiotic foods (SMD: -0.65, 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.26; SMD: -1.17, 95% CI: -2.14 to -0.20, respectively) and supplements (SMD: -0.64, 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.27; SMD: -0.98, 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.40, respectively) made significant reduction in HbA1c and HOMA.IR. Meta-analysis of trials with probiotic foods found non-significant changes in FBG and fasting insulin concentration (SMD: 0.11, 95% CI: -0.52 to 0.75; SMD: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.48 to 0.20, respectively); however the changes in trials with probiotic supplements were significant (SMD: -0.73, 95% CI: -1.22 to -0.23; SMD: -0.57, 95% CI: -0.97 to -0.17, respectively). Probiotic foods cause a non-significant raise in BMI (SMD: 0.23, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.49); however, meta-analysis of trials with probiotic supplements found a non-significant reduction in BMI (SMD: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.04). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that consuming probiotics could improve glucose metabolism and affect body weight, with a potentially greater effect when probiotics are used as supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Barzegar
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mesrizad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Hassanalilou
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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184
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Kondo T, Kitano S, Miyakawa N, Watanabe T, Goto R, Sato M, Hanatani S, Sakaguchi M, Igata M, Kawashima J, Motoshima H, Matsumura T, Araki E. The Amount of Residual Incretin Regulates the Pancreatic β-cell Function and Glucose Homeostasis. Intern Med 2021; 60:1433-1442. [PMID: 33952814 PMCID: PMC8170253 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6026-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is considered an important endocrine organ for controlling glucose homeostasis via the production of incretins. A 21-year-old man emergently underwent total colectomy due to severe ulcerative colitis, and overt diabetes became evident. Weekly administration of a glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist (RA) dramatically improved his glucose control. Levels of GLP-1 or gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were low at the baseline in the duodenum and serum of the patient. After 11 months of GLP-1RA treatment, his HbA1c worsened again, and intensive insulin therapy was necessary to control his glucose levels. Our report may explain the significance of residual incretin for maintaining the pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kondo
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kitano
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Miyakawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Takuro Watanabe
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Rieko Goto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Miki Sato
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Satoko Hanatani
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masaji Sakaguchi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Igata
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Junji Kawashima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Motoshima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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185
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Recent advances in the application of probiotic yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces, as an adjuvant therapy in the management of cancer with focus on colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:951-960. [PMID: 33389533 PMCID: PMC7778720 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Today, the increasing rate of cancer-related mortality, has rendered cancer a major global challenge, and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional approaches in the treatment of cancer mainly include chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, these approaches still come with certain disadvantages, including drug resistance, and different side effects such as gastrointestinal (GI) irritation (e.g., diarrhea, mucositis). This has encouraged scientists to look for alternative therapeutic methods and adjuvant therapies for a more proper treatment of malignancies. Application of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of cancer appears to be a promising strategy, with several notable advantages, e.g., increased safety, higher tolerance, and negligible GI side effects. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses have indicated the active role of yeast probiotics in mitigating the rate of cancer cell proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis through regulating the expression of cancer-related genes and cellular pathways. Strain-specific anti-cancer activities of yeast probiotics strongly suggest that their administration along with the current cancer therapies may be an efficient method to reduce the side effects of these approaches. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficacy of yeast probiotics in alleviating the adverse effects associated with cancer therapies.
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186
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Lee HJ, Lee SH, Lee JH, Kim Y, Seong KM, Jin YW, Min KJ. Role of Commensal Microbes in the γ-Ray Irradiation-Induced Physiological Changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010031. [PMID: 33374132 PMCID: PMC7824294 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces biological/physiological changes and affects commensal microbes, but few studies have examined the relationship between the physiological changes induced by irradiation and commensal microbes. This study investigated the role of commensal microbes in the γ-ray irradiation-induced physiological changes in Drosophila melanogaster. The bacterial load was increased in 5 Gy irradiated flies, but irradiation decreased the number of operational taxonomic units. The mean lifespan of conventional flies showed no significant change by irradiation, whereas that of axenic flies was negatively correlated with the radiation dose. γ-Ray irradiation did not change the average number of eggs in both conventional and axenic flies. Locomotion of conventional flies was decreased after 5 Gy radiation exposure, whereas no significant change in locomotion activity was detected in axenic flies after irradiation. γ-Ray irradiation increased the generation of reactive oxygen species in both conventional and axenic flies, but the increase was higher in axenic flies. Similarly, the amounts of mitochondria were increased in irradiated axenic flies but not in conventional flies. These results suggest that axenic flies are more sensitive in their mitochondrial responses to radiation than conventional flies, and increased sensitivity leads to a reduced lifespan and other physiological changes in axenic flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Yongjoong Kim
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- Correspondence:
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187
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Guice J, Bendiks ZA, Coulon D, Raggio AM, Page RC, Carvajal-Aldaz DG, Lou M, Welsh DA, Marx BD, Taylor CM, Husseneder C, Marco ML, Keenan MJ. Differences in Capacity of High-Amylose Resistant Starch, Whole-Grain Flour, and a Combination of Both to Modify Intestinal Responses of Male Sprague Dawley Rats Fed Moderate and High Fat Diets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15176-15185. [PMID: 33291872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) responses to a high-amylose resistant starch (RS) product were compared to those observed when RS was combined with whole grain (WG) and to controls with low RS intake in rats fed moderate or high fat diets. Regardless of fat intake, rats fed RS or WG + RS diets had higher cecum weights, higher intestinal quantities of short chain fatty acids, and lower intestinal content pH, and their GIT cells had increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis and barrier function compared to controls. Whereas RS resulted in greater GIT content acetate and propionate and lowest pH, the WG + RS diets yielded higher butyrate. Rats fed the RS diet with MF had higher cecum weights than those fed either the RS diet with HF or the WG + RS diet with either MF or HF. Diets containing combinations of RS and other dietary fibers should be considered for RS-mediated GIT benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Guice
- BIO-CAT, 9117 Three Notch Road, Troy 22974, Virginia, United States
| | - Zachary A Bendiks
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Diana Coulon
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Anne M Raggio
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ryan C Page
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Diana G Carvajal-Aldaz
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Meng Lou
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - David A Welsh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | - Brian D Marx
- Experimental Statistics, LSU, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences CenterRINGGOLD, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Maria L Marco
- Food Science and Technology, The University of California, Davis 95616, California, United States
| | - Michael J Keenan
- Nutrition and Food Sciences/Animal Sciences, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge 70803, Louisiana, United States
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188
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Poppitt SD. Cow's Milk and Dairy Consumption: Is There Now Consensus for Cardiometabolic Health? Front Nutr 2020; 7:574725. [PMID: 33364249 PMCID: PMC7753100 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk and dairy products derived from this complex food source have long been proposed as beneficial to human health, yet underlying clinical evidence of direct benefit continues to raise controversy. Limited evidence supports positive cardiometabolic effects of a number of dairy macro- and micronutrient components including whey protein and casein, unsaturated fats, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and polar phospholipids, vitamin D and calcium, in addition to non-bovine components including bacterial and yeast probiotics. More controversial remain lipid components trans fats, including trans vaccenic acid, trans palmitoleic acid, and conjugated cis trans linoleic acid (CLA), plus medium-chain and odd-chain dairy fats. New evidence is rapidly identifying multiple pathways by which these dairy nutrients may effect health. Processing, including fermentation and homogenization, may also have positive effects. Conversely, the high saturated fat content of dairy has long raised concern, aligned with international guidelines to minimize dietary intake of animal-origin saturated fatty acids (SFA) to achieve better cardiometabolic health. However, led in part by observational studies and meta-analyses showing dairy to have no or even an inverse association with cardiometabolic health, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been scrutinized over the last 5 years, and focus on low-fat dairy has been challenged. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that adverse effects of SFAs on metabolic health may be ameliorated when these fats are consumed within a complex matrix such as milk, cheese or yogurt, and that dairy food categories may influence outcomes as much as total fat content. For example, yogurt and high-fat, high-SFA cheese have a negative association with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in many, not all, published trials. However, large sample dairy RCTs of long duration with CVD or T2D incidence as primary endpoints are lacking. This is a clear research gap, with these clinical studies required if a causative link between dairy and improved cardiometabolic health is to be confirmed and in turn promoted through dietary guidelines. Current advisories from national guidance groups such as American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) continue to promote consumption of low-fat dairy products, whilst liquid milk and yogurt remain part of nutrition guidelines from joint American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for Study of Diabetes (EASD) reports, and as part of a "no-one-size-fits-all" answer to diet and T2D by the ADA in their most recent 2019 Consensus Report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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189
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Abstract
Metabolic diseases are a class of diseases caused by abnormal metabolism of glucose, protein, and lipids in the body. Accumulating evidence supports the important relevance of intestinal dysbacteriosis to metabolic diseases. Specifically, intestinal dysbacteriosis may disrupt intestinal barrier function, thereby inducing endotoxemia, bile acid metabolism disorders, and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, which promote metabolic disease progression and complications. With the progression of the disease, the change in intestinal environment and the influence of drugs and diet in turn aggravate the imbalance of intestinal flora, which eventually leads to poor prognosis. This highlights the potential for developing therapies to prevent and treat metabolic diseases by changing the intestinal bacterial structure. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotic therapy, fecal bacteria transplantation, and traditional Chinese medicine can be used to treat metabolic diseases by maintaining the balance of intestinal bacteria and counteracting harmful bacterial products. This article reviews the changes of intestinal bacteria in metabolic diseases, the possible mechanism of intestinal bacteria affecting metabolic diseases, and the application of intestinal bacteria in the treatment of metabolic diseases, with an aim to provide a reference for the diagnosis and prevention of metabolic diseases by targeting intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Li
- School of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nen-Qun Xiao
- School of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Jin Tan
- School of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
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190
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Lactobacillus sakei ADM14 Induces Anti-Obesity Effects and Changes in Gut Microbiome in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123703. [PMID: 33266101 PMCID: PMC7761388 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei) ADM14 administration in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model and the resulting changes in the intestinal microbiota. Prior to in vivo testing, L. sakei ADM14 was shown to inhibit adipogenesis through in vitro test and genetic analysis. Subsequently, mice were orally administered 0.85% saline supplemented or not with L. sakei ADM14 to high-fat diet group and normal diet group daily. The results showed that administration of L. sakei ADM14 reduced weight gain, epididymal fat expansion, and total blood cholesterol and glucose levels, and significantly decreased expression of lipid-related genes in the epididymal fat pad. Administration of L. sakei ADM14 showed improvement in terms of energy harvesting while restoring the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and also increased the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa such as Bacteroides faecichinchillae and Alistipes, which are abundant in non-obese people. L. sakei ADM14 affected the modulation of gut microbiota, altered the strain profile of short-chain fatty acid production in the cecum and enhanced the stimulation of butyrate production. Overall, L. sakei ADM14 showed potential as a therapeutic probiotic supplement for metabolic disorders, confirming the positive changes of in vivo indicators and controlling gut microbiota in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model.
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191
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Hsieh CE, You FN, Dai FJ, Tung YC, Chen WJ, Chu HF, Wu SH, Chau CF. Bacillus coagulans BC198 and Lactobacillus paracasei S38 in combination reduce body fat accumulation and modulate gut microbiota. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1843542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-En Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Nian You
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Jhen Dai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chia Tung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Chu
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Huei Wu
- Research and Development Department, Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fai Chau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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192
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Wang CC, Tung YT, Chang HC, Lin CH, Chen YC. Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Newborn Birth Weight for Mother with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113477. [PMID: 33198366 PMCID: PMC7696869 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High birth weight indicates the future risk of obesity and increased fat mass in childhood. Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or overweight are powerful predictors of high birth weight. Studies on probiotic supplementation during pregnancy have reported its benefits in modulating gut microbiota composition and improving glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women. Therefore, probiotic intervention during pregnancy was proposed to interrupt the transmission of obesity from mothers to newborns. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of probiotic intervention in pregnant women with GDM or overweight on newborn birth weight. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to 18 December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pregnant women with GDM or overweight who received probiotic intervention during pregnancy with those receiving placebo were eligible for the analysis. Newborn birth weights were pooled to calculate the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Two reviewers assessed the trial quality and extracted data independently. Seven RCTs involving 1093 participants were included in the analysis. Compared with the placebo, probiotics had little effect on newborn birth weight of pregnant women with GDM or overweight (mean difference = -10.27, 95% CI = -90.17 to 69.63, p = 0.801). The subgroup analysis revealed that probiotic intake by women with GDM decreased newborn birth weight, whereas probiotic intake by obese pregnant women increased newborn birth weight. Thus, no evidence indicates that probiotic intake by pregnant women with GDM or overweight can control newborn birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ching Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Hsien Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2737-2181 (ext. 3032); Fax: +886-2-2738-9804
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193
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McCarty MF, Lerner A. Perspective: Prospects for Nutraceutical Support of Intestinal Barrier Function. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:316-324. [PMID: 33126251 PMCID: PMC8243597 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of intestinal barrier function is linked to certain pathologies and to aging, and can be a cause of bacterial infections, systemic and hepatic inflammation, food allergies, and autoimmune disorders. The formation and maintenance of intestinal tight junctions is supported by glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), which via insulin-like growth factor I activity boosts phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (PI3K/Akt/mTORC1) signaling in enterocytes. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity as well as estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) activity are also protective in this regard. Conversely, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cellular Src (c-Src) under inflammatory conditions can induce dissociation of tight junctions. Hence, nutraceuticals that promote GLP-2 secretion from L cells-effective pre/probiotics, glycine, and glutamine-as well as diets rich in soluble fiber or resistant starch, can support intestinal barrier function. AMPK activators-notably berberine and the butyric acid produced by health-promoting microflora-are also beneficial in this regard, as are soy isoflavones, which function as selective agonists for ERβ. The adverse impact of MAPK and c-Src overactivation on the intestinal barrier can be combatted with various antioxidant measures, including phycocyanobilin, phase 2-inducer nutraceuticals, and N-acetylcysteine. These considerations suggest that rationally designed functional foods or complex supplementation programs could have clinical potential for supporting and restoring healthful intestinal barrier function.
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194
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Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101587. [PMID: 33076307 PMCID: PMC7602490 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between gut microbiota and a host’s innate and adaptive immune systems play key roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and inhibiting inflammation. The gut microbiota metabolizes proteins and complex carbohydrates, synthesize vitamins, and produce an enormous number of metabolic products that can mediate cross-talk between gut epithelial and immune cells. As a defense mechanism, gut epithelial cells produce a mucosal barrier to segregate microbiota from host immune cells and reduce intestinal permeability. An impaired interaction between gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system can lead to an increased abundance of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria and their associated metabolic changes, disrupting the epithelial barrier and increasing susceptibility to infections. Gut dysbiosis, or negative alterations in gut microbial composition, can also dysregulate immune responses, causing inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Over time, chronic dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria and their metabolic products across the mucosal barrier may increase prevalence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disease, and a variety of cancers. In this paper, we highlight the pivotal role gut microbiota and their metabolites (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)) play in mucosal immunity.
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Narmaki E, Borazjani M, Ataie-Jafari A, Hariri N, Doost AH, Qorbani M, Saidpour A. The combined effects of probiotics and restricted calorie diet on the anthropometric indices, eating behavior, and hormone levels of obese women with food addiction : a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:963-975. [PMID: 33054635 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1826763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Food addiction (FA) is an important contributor to obesity. Alterations in gut microbiota (GM) diversity and composition have also been proposed to play a pivotal role in obesity pathogenesis. This trial aimed to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on the anthropometric indices, eating behavior, and hormone levels of obese women with FA. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among obese women with FA. Participants (n = 62) received a restricted calorie diet (RCD) plus either probiotic, or placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, eating behavior and appetite were assessed during the study period. RESULTS Probiotics administration significantly reduced weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BFP), and trunk fat percentage (TFP) compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001). Also, a significant improvement was observed in eating behavior in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.001).Serum levels of oxytocin increased and NPY decreased significantly in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.02, p = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, leptin level significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared to the baseline values (p < 0.001), while probiotics did not cause a greater significant reduction in leptin level, compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION Multi-probiotic supplementation may have beneficial effects on anthropometric indices, eating behavior, and some appetite-regulating hormones in obese women with FA.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20131228015968N5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Narmaki
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Borazjani
- School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Asal Ataie-Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Hariri
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmat Doost
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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196
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Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Lipid Mediators. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103039. [PMID: 33023000 PMCID: PMC7600362 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an inflammatory clinical entity with different mechanisms involved in its physiopathology. Among these, the dysfunction of the gut microbiota stands out. Currently, it is understood that lipid products derived from the gut microbiota are capable of interacting with cells from the immune system and have an immunomodulatory effect. In the presence of dysbiosis, the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) increases, favoring damage to the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory environment prevails, and a state of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is present. Conversely, during eubiosis, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is fundamental for the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal barrier as well as for immunogenic tolerance and appetite/satiety perception, leading to a protective effect. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that alterations or dysregulation of the gut microbiota can be reversed by modifying the eating habits of the patients or with the administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics. Similarly, different studies have demonstrated that drugs like Metformin are capable of modifying the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting changes in the biosynthesis of LPS, and the metabolism of SCFA.
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197
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Nelson J, Sjöblom H, Gjertsson I, Ulven SM, Lindqvist HM, Bärebring L. Do Interventions with Diet or Dietary Supplements Reduce the Disease Activity Score in Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2991. [PMID: 33003645 PMCID: PMC7600426 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to compile the evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of diet or dietary supplements used to reduce disease activity in adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Searches were performed in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Only RCT studies of diets, foods or dietary supplements, looking at effects on the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) among adults with RA, published in peer-reviewed journals, were included. A total of 27 articles were included-three of whole diets (Mediterranean diet, raw food and anti-inflammatory diet), five of food items, five of n-3 fatty acids, five of single micronutrient supplements, four of single antioxidant supplements and five of pre-, pro- or synbiotics. Studies that showed moderate strength evidence for positive effects on disease activity in RA included interventions with a Mediterranean diet, spices (ginger powder, cinnamon powder, saffron), antioxidants (quercetin and ubiquinone), and probiotics containing Lactobacillus Casei. Other diets or supplements had either no effects or low to very low strength of evidence. In conclusion, RCT studies on diet or dietary supplements are limited in patients with RA, but based on the results in this review there is evidence that some interventions might have positive effects on DAS28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Nelson
- The Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Stockholm University, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Helen Sjöblom
- Biomedical Library, Gothenburg University Library, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Helen M. Lindqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Linnea Bärebring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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198
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Panpetch W, Sawaswong V, Chanchaem P, Ondee T, Dang CP, Payungporn S, Leelahavanichkul A. Candida Administration Worsens Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis in Obese Mice Through Gut Dysbiosis Enhanced Systemic Inflammation, Impact of Pathogen-Associated Molecules From Gut Translocation and Saturated Fatty Acid. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561652. [PMID: 33101279 PMCID: PMC7545113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces gut leakage and elevates serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, through gut translocation. Because Candida albicans is prominent in human gut but not in mouse, C. albicans, a source of (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG) in gut contents, was administered in high-fat diet (HFD)–induced obese mice at 1 week before sepsis induction by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). As such, sepsis in Candida-administered obese mice was more severe than obese mice without Candida as determined by mortality, organ injury (liver and kidney), serum cytokines, gut leakage, endotoxemia, serum BG, and fecal Gram-negative bacteria (microbiome analysis). Mice subjected to CLP and fed a HFD, but not treated with Candida demonstrated a similar mortality to non-obese mice with more severe gut leakage and higher serum cytokines. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LPS plus BG (LPS + BG) induced higher supernatant cytokines from hepatocytes (HepG2) and macrophages (RAW264.7), compared with the activation by each molecule alone, and were amplified by palmitic acid, a representative saturated fatty acid. The energy production capacity of HepG2 cells was also decreased by LPS + BG compared with LPS alone as evaluated by extracellular flux analysis. However, Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 (L34) improved sepsis, regardless of Candida administration, through the attenuation of gut leakage and gut dysbiosis. In conclusion, an impact of gut Candida was demonstrated by Candida pretreatment in obese mice that worsened sepsis through (1) gut dysbiosis–induced gut leakage and (2) amplified systemic inflammation due to LPS, BG, and saturated fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wimonrat Panpetch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thunnicha Ondee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cong Phi Dang
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Al Theyab A, Almutairi T, Al-Suwaidi AM, Bendriss G, McVeigh C, Chaari A. Epigenetic Effects of Gut Metabolites: Exploring the Path of Dietary Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Nutr 2020; 7:563605. [PMID: 33072796 PMCID: PMC7541812 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.563605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased over the past half century and has now become the second most frequent autoimmune disease in childhood and one of major public health concern worldwide. Evidence suggests that modern lifestyles and rapid environmental changes are driving factors that underlie this increase. The integration of these two factors brings about changes in food intake. This, in turn, alters epigenetic regulations of the genome and intestinal microbiota composition, which may ultimately play a role in pathogenesis of T1D. Recent evidence shows that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is closely associated with T1D and that a dietary intervention can influence epigenetic changes associated with this disease and may modify gene expression patterns through epigenetic mechanisms. In this review focus on how a diet can shape the gut microbiome, its effect on the epigenome in T1D, and the future of T1D management by microbiome therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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200
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Liu Q, Cai BY, Zhu LX, Xin X, Wang X, An ZM, Li S, Hu YY, Feng Q. Liraglutide modulates gut microbiome and attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver in db/db mice. Life Sci 2020; 261:118457. [PMID: 32961235 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) analog, is effective for the treatment of type II diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It was proved that gut microbiome plays a role in the development of NAFLD. This study aims to observe the therapeutic effect of liraglutide on nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in mice and effect on the gut microbial community. MAIN METHODS The db/db mice were used as the NAFL model, and lactulose was used as the positive control drug. Hepatic triglyceride, liver histopathology, and indices of glucolipid metabolism, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index and blood lipids were evaluated after treatment of liraglutide or lactulose for four weeks. The colonic microbiome of the mice was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. KEY FINDINGS Liraglutide significantly reduced the hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance and serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the db/db mice. In terms of hepatic pathologies, hepatic steatosis was significantly improved after liraglutide treating. Microbiome analysis revealed that liraglutide significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia, Romboutsia, norank_f_Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, and decreased the abundance of Klebsiella, Anaerotruncus, Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminiclostridium, uncultured_f__Ruminococcaceae, and Desulfovibrio. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study suggested that liraglutide had a certain therapeutic effect on fatty liver in db/db mice and had an impact on the composition of the intestinal microflora, especially some bacteria related to glucolipid metabolism and intestinal inflammation. Affecting gut microbiome might be a potential mechanism of liraglutide in treating NAFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203,China; Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Bei-Yu Cai
- Shuguang Hospital Affliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203,China
| | - Li-Xin Zhu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 510655, China
| | - Xin Xin
- Shuguang Hospital Affliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203,China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203,China
| | - Zi-Ming An
- Shuguang Hospital Affliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203,China
| | - Shuang Li
- Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai 201900, China.
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- Shuguang Hospital Affliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203,China.
| | - Qin Feng
- Shuguang Hospital Affliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203,China.
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