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Lakhneko O, Danchenko M, Morgun B, Kováč A, Majerová P, Škultéty Ľ. Comprehensive Comparison of Clinically Relevant Grain Proteins in Modern and Traditional Bread Wheat Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3445. [PMID: 32414116 PMCID: PMC7279209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable cereal crops for human consumption. Its grain storage proteins define bread quality, though they may cause food intolerances or allergies in susceptible individuals. Herein, we discovered a diversity of grain proteins in three Ukrainian wheat cultivars: Sotnytsia, Panna (both modern selection), and Ukrainka (landrace). Firstly, proteins were isolated with a detergent-containing buffer that allowed extraction of various groups of storage proteins (glutenins, gliadins, globulins, and albumins); secondly, the proteome was profiled by the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using multi-enzymatic digestion, we identified 49 differentially accumulated proteins. Parallel ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by direct mass spectrometry quantification complemented the results. Principal component analysis confirmed that differences among genotypes were a major source of variation. Non-gluten fraction better discriminated bread wheat cultivars. Various accumulation of clinically relevant plant proteins highlighted one of the modern genotypes as a promising donor for the breeding of hypoallergenic cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Lakhneko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (O.L.); (Ľ.Š.)
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Zabolotnoho 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (O.L.); (Ľ.Š.)
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademicka 2, 95007 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Bogdan Morgun
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Zabolotnoho 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Andrej Kováč
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (A.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Petra Majerová
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (A.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Ľudovit Škultéty
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; (O.L.); (Ľ.Š.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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152
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Kaushik M, Rai S, Venkadesan S, Sinha SK, Mohan S, Mandal PK. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Important Candidate Genes Related to Nutrient Reservoir, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Defence Proteins during Grain Development of Hexaploid Bread Wheat and Its Diploid Progenitors. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E509. [PMID: 32380773 PMCID: PMC7290843 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat grain development after anthesis is an important biological process, in which major components of seeds are synthesised, and these components are further required for germination and seed vigour. We have made a comparative RNA-Seq analysis between hexaploid wheat and its individual diploid progenitors to know the major differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved during grain development. Two libraries from each species were generated with an average of 55.63, 55.23, 68.13, and 103.81 million reads, resulting in 79.3K, 113.7K, 90.6K, and 121.3K numbers of transcripts in AA, BB, DD, and AABBDD genome species respectively. Number of expressed genes in hexaploid wheat was not proportional to its genome size, but marginally higher than that of its diploid progenitors. However, to capture all the transcripts in hexaploid wheat, sufficiently higher number of reads was required. Functional analysis of DEGs, in all the three comparisons, showed their predominance in three major classes of genes during grain development, i.e., nutrient reservoirs, carbohydrate metabolism, and defence proteins; some of them were subsequently validated through real time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Further, developmental stage-specific gene expression showed most of the defence protein genes expressed during initial developmental stages in hexaploid contrary to the diploids at later stages. Genes related to carbohydrates anabolism expressed during early stages, whereas catabolism genes expressed at later stages in all the species. However, no trend was observed in case of different nutrient reservoirs gene expression. This data could be used to study the comparative gene expression among the three diploid species and homeologue-specific expression in hexaploid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kaushik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India;
| | - Shubham Rai
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sureshkumar Venkadesan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Subodh Kumar Sinha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sumedha Mohan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India;
| | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research -National Institute on Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India; (M.K.); (S.R.); (S.V.); (S.K.S.)
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153
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Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity—A Masquerading IBS or a Real Phenomenon? GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gluten-free diet has become popular among the public. People who are using this diet have reported symptom relief once gluten has been removed from their diet. Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) has emerged as a new diagnosis for those patients who have tested negative for celiac disease. Although there are no diagnostic markers established for NCGS, its symptomatology ranges from gastrointestinal symptoms to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Indeed, some of these symptoms are also seen in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), such as abdominal pain, bloating, altered bowel movement, diarrhea, and constipation. It is important to add that unlike celiac disease, NGCS has never been associated with any long-term malignancy. We aim to review the recent clinical data available on this topic and address the overlap symptoms between NCGS and IBS. We concluded that despite the overlap symptoms between both diseases, NCGS is a real clinical phenomenon that awaits its own diagnostic clinical criteria and specific laboratory markers. We suggest that patients with gluten sensitivity who are negative for celiac disease should be considered for NCGS.
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154
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Levine A, Rhodes JM, Lindsay JO, Abreu MT, Kamm MA, Gibson PR, Gasche C, Silverberg MS, Mahadevan U, Boneh RS, Wine E, Damas OM, Syme G, Trakman GL, Yao CK, Stockhamer S, Hammami MB, Garces LC, Rogler G, Koutroubakis IE, Ananthakrishnan AN, McKeever L, Lewis JD. Dietary Guidance From the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:1381-1392. [PMID: 32068150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence points to a plausible role of diet and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of both Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Dietary therapies based on exclusion of table foods and replacement with nutritional formulas and/or a combination of nutritional formulas and specific table foods may induce remission in CD. In UC, specific dietary components have also been associated with flare of disease. While evidence of varying quality has identified potential harmful or beneficial dietary components, physicians and patients at the present time do not have guidance as to which foods are safe, may be protective or deleterious for these diseases. The current document has been compiled by the nutrition cluster of the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IOIBD) based on the best current evidence to provide expert opinion regarding specific dietary components, food groups and food additives that may be prudent to increase or decrease in the diet of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases to control and prevent relapse of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Levine
- Pediatric IBD Center, Wolfson Medical Center Holon, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan M Rhodes
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael A Kamm
- St Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mark S Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Uma Mahadevan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rotem Sigall Boneh
- Pediatric IBD Center, Wolfson Medical Center Holon, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyton Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oriana M Damas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Graeme Syme
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gina L Trakman
- St Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chu Kion Yao
- Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefanie Stockhamer
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Luis C Garces
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | - Liam McKeever
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James D Lewis
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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155
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Call L, Kapeller M, Grausgruber H, Reiter E, Schoenlechner R, D'Amico S. Effects of species and breeding on wheat protein composition. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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156
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Nyyssölä A, Ellilä S, Nordlund E, Poutanen K. Reduction of FODMAP content by bioprocessing. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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157
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Francavilla R, Cristofori F, Vacca M, Barone M, De Angelis M. Advances in understanding the potential therapeutic applications of gut microbiota and probiotic mediated therapies in celiac disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:323-333. [PMID: 32216476 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1745630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by exposure to gluten in genetically predisposed people. While gluten is the main driving force in CD, evidence has shown that microbiota might be involved in the pathogenesis, development, and clinical presentation of CD. Microbiota manipulation may modify its functional capacity and may be crucial for setting-up potential preventive or therapeutic application. Moreover, probiotics are an excellent source of endopeptidases for digesting gluten. AREAS COVERED In this narrative review we illustrate all the recent scientific discoveries in this field including CD pathogenetic mechanism where gut microbiota might be involved and possible use of probiotics in CD prevention and treatment. EXPERT OPINION In the future, probiotics could be used as an add-on medication for strengthening/facilitating the gluten-free diet (GFD) and improving symptoms; the prospect of using it for therapeutic purposes is to be sought in a more distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggiero Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Gastroenterology, University "Aldo Moro" , Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari, Italy
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158
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Juhász A, Colgrave ML, Howitt CA. Developing gluten-free cereals and the role of proteomics in product safety. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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159
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Bose U, Juhász A, Broadbent JA, Byrne K, Howitt CA, Colgrave ML. Identification and Quantitation of Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors Across Cultivars Representing the Diversity of Bread Wheat. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2136-2148. [PMID: 32267703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) may have a role in nonceliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) and celiac disease (CD), but the ATI content and diversity across a range of wheat cultivars are not well characterized. Discovery proteomics was used to detect ATIs across two wheat cultivars: Chara and Magenta. Comprehensive mapping of detected ATIs with the ATIs from the recently published wheat genome RefSeq v1.0 shows the presence of three major subclasses: monomeric (9%), dimeric (61%), and chloroform-methanol (CM) type (30%). Subsequently, the level of 18 ATI isoforms (63 peptides) grouped into four subtypes was monitored across 15 commercial wheat cultivars and the eight parental lines from a multiparent advanced-generation intercross (MAGIC) population using liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS). The ATI content of wheat cultivars Janz, Sunvale, Diamond Bird, and Longreach Scout was significantly lower than that of other wheat cultivars. The MAGIC parental cultivars Baxter and Xiaoyan 54 contain higher levels (∼115% relative to the average wheat ATI content), whereas cultivar Pastor contained the lowest levels (∼87%). Comprehensive sequence analysis, annotation, chromosomal locations, and epitope mapping enabled us to build an LC-MRM-MS method to monitor and quantify the immunostimulatory ATI proteins potentially related to NCWS, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. This provides an opportunity to select wheat cultivars with significantly lower levels of ATIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA6027, Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Keren Byrne
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Crispin A Howitt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.,School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA6027, Australia
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160
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Carroccio A, Mansueto P, Soresi M, Fayer F, Di Liberto D, Monguzzi E, Lo Pizzo M, La Blasca F, Geraci G, Pecoraro A, Dieli F, Schuppan D. Wheat Consumption Leads to Immune Activation and Symptom Worsening in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Pilot Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1127. [PMID: 32316660 PMCID: PMC7230718 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a clinical association between self-reported non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). Objectives: A) To determine whether a 2-week double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) cross-over wheat vs. rice challenge exacerbates the clinical manifestations of FMF; B) to evaluate innate immune responses in NCWS/FMF patients challenged with wheat vs. rice. The study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital of Palermo and the Hospital of Sciacca, Italy. Six female volunteers with FMF/NCWS (mean age 36 ± 6 years) were enrolled, 12 age-matched non-FMF, NCWS females, and 8 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. We evaluated: 1. clinical symptoms by the FMF-specific AIDAI (Auto-Inflammatory Diseases Activity Index) score; 2. serum soluble CD14 (sCD14), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SSA); 3. circulating CD14+ monocytes expressing interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The AIDAI score significantly increased in FMF patients during DBPC with wheat, but not with rice (19 ± 6.3 vs. 7 ± 1.6; p = 0.028). sCD14 values did not differ in FMF patients before and after the challenge, but were higher in FMF patients than in healthy controls (median values 11357 vs. 8710 pg/ml; p = 0.002). The percentage of circulating CD14+/IL-1β+ and of CD14+/TNF-α+ monocytes increased significantly after DBPC with wheat vs. baseline or rice challenge. Self-reported NCWS can hide an FMF diagnosis. Wheat ingestion exacerbated clinical and immunological features of FMF. Future studies performed on consecutive FMF patients recruited in centers for auto-inflammatory diseases will determine the real frequency and relevance of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carroccio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90124 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (F.L.B.)
| | - Pasquale Mansueto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90124 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (F.L.B.)
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90124 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (F.L.B.)
| | - Francesca Fayer
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90124 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (F.L.B.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.L.); (M.L.P.); (F.D.)
| | - Erika Monguzzi
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Marianna Lo Pizzo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.L.); (M.L.P.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesco La Blasca
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90124 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (F.L.B.)
| | - Girolamo Geraci
- Surgery Department, University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alice Pecoraro
- Hematology Unit for Rare Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Genetic, Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.L.); (M.L.P.); (F.D.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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161
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Verdu EF, Schuppan D. The enemy within the gut: bacterial pathogens in celiac autoimmunity. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:5-7. [PMID: 31873302 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translation Immunology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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162
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Gänzle MG. Food fermentations for improved digestibility of plant foods – an essential ex situ digestion step in agricultural societies? Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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163
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Scherf KA, Catassi C, Chirdo F, Ciclitira PJ, Feighery C, Gianfrani C, Koning F, Lundin KEA, Schuppan D, Smulders MJM, Tranquet O, Troncone R, Koehler P. Recent Progress and Recommendations on Celiac Disease From the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity. Front Nutr 2020; 7:29. [PMID: 32258047 PMCID: PMC7090026 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) affects a growing number of individuals worldwide. To elucidate the causes for this increase, future multidisciplinary collaboration is key to understanding the interactions between immunoreactive components in gluten-containing cereals and the human gastrointestinal tract and immune system and to devise strategies for CD prevention and treatment beyond the gluten-free diet. During the last meetings, the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity (Prolamin Working Group, PWG) discussed recent progress in the field together with key stakeholders from celiac disease societies, academia, industry and regulatory bodies. Based on the current state of knowledge, this perspective from the PWG members provides recommendations regarding clinical, analytical and legal aspects of CD. The selected key topics that require future multidisciplinary collaborative efforts in the clinical field are to collect robust data on the increasing prevalence of CD, to evaluate what is special about gluten-specific T cells, to study their kinetics and transcriptomics and to put some attention to the identification of the environmental agents that facilitate the breaking of tolerance to gluten. In the field of gluten analysis, the key topics are the precise assessment of gluten immunoreactive components in wheat, rye and barley to understand how these are affected by genetic and environmental factors, the comparison of different methods for compliance monitoring of gluten-free products and the development of improved reference materials for gluten analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A. Scherf
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fernando Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunologicos y Fisiopatologicos- IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paul J. Ciclitira
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Council of Research, Naples, Italy
| | - Frits Koning
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and Stiftelsen KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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164
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Srdić M, Ovčina I, Fotschki B, Haros CM, Laparra Llopis JM. C. quinoa and S. hispanica L. Seeds Provide Immunonutritional Agonists to Selectively Polarize Macrophages. Cells 2020; 9:E593. [PMID: 32131465 PMCID: PMC7140429 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-related immunometabolic-based diseases are associated with chronic inflammation in metabolic tissues, and infiltrated macrophages have been suggested as mediators for tissue- damaging inflammation. Growing evidence implicates Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica L. as important contributors to immunonutritional health. However, the functional roles of the immunonutritional protease inhibitors (PPIs) found in these crops on the macrophages' metabolic and phenotypic adaptation remain to be elucidated. The salt soluble fraction of proteins was extracted and analyzed confirming the presence of 11S and 2S albumin. The <30 kDa fraction of the extract from both crops was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, where (RP-LC-MS/MS analyses) polypeptides from 2S-type of proteins were found, along with the 2S albumin (13 kDa) for S. hispanica in the bioaccessible fraction (BAF). Using human-like macrophage cells to deepen our understanding of the modulatory effects of this BAF, FACS analyses revealed their potential as TLR4 agonists, favoring increased phenotypic CD68/CD206 ratios. The results of mitochondrial stress tests showed that cells increased oxygen consumption rates and non-mitochondrial respiration, confirming negligible deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. At molecular-level, adaptation responses shed light on changes showing biological correlation with TLR4 signaling. The resulting immunometabolic effects triggered by PPIs can be a part of a tailored nutritional intervention strategy in immunometabolic-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Srdić
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Ivana Ovčina
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Claudia Monika Haros
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jose Moises Laparra Llopis
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
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165
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Isasi C, Stadnitsky A, Casco F, Tejerina E, Royuela A, Esteban B, Puga NF. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity and chronic refractory low back pain with spondyloarthritis features. Med Hypotheses 2020; 140:109646. [PMID: 32145444 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To propose the hypothesis that non-celiac gluten sensitivity is associated with chronic low-back pain related to spondyloarthritis, and a gluten free diet has a therapeutic benefit in a subgroup of patients. Gut involvement is a well-known association of spondyloarthritis but limited to a few disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Currently the therapeutic implication of this association is pharmacologic treatment for inflammation with immunosupresive drugs for both diseases. Here is a case series of patients with chronic low-back pain, spondyloarthritis related features, and response to gluten free diet despite celiac disease being ruled out. METHODS Retrospective case report of 110 patients from a tertiary hospital rheumatology clinic specialized in chronic pain and gluten sensitivity. These are patients with refractory low-back pain and spondyloarthritis features who followed a gluten free diet despite celiac disease being ruled out. Demanding improvement was defined based on the achievement of at least one of the following objectives: asymptomatic status, remission of chronic low-back pain, returning to normal life, returning to work, changing from confinement to bed/wheelchair to being able to walk, returning to self-sufficiency for hygiene and personal care, discontinuation of opioids. RESULTS Average age at low-back onset pain was 30. Average disease duration was 15 years. 87 (79%) of the patients experienced improvement. 69 (62%) of the patients achieved demanding improvement. Average duration of gluten-free diet in patients with demanding improvement was 60 months. 56 out of 69 patients with demanding improvement ingested gluten. Of these 56 patients, 54 experienced clinical worsening and were considered as having non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Oral aphthae and having a relative with celiac disease were associated with demanding improvement. Out of 28 patients retrospectively classified as having axial spondyloarthritis, 23 had demanding improvement. Out of 16 patients with uveitis, 13 had demanding improvement. Out of 83 patients with fibromyalgia, 48 had demanding improvement. CONCLUSION These observational data support the proposed hypothesis and offer information regarding possible clinical predictors of response to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Isasi
- Rheumatology Department of Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alexander Stadnitsky
- Family Medicine at Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Casco
- Pathological Anatomy Department of Unilabs, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Tejerina
- Pathological Anatomy Department of Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Royuela
- Biostatistics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Esteban
- Asociación de celíacos y sensibles al gluten de Madrid (Association of Celiacs and Gluten-Sensitives of Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Fernandez Puga
- Digestive Medicine Department of Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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166
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Sharma N, Bhatia S, Chunduri V, Kaur S, Sharma S, Kapoor P, Kumari A, Garg M. Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease and Other Gluten Related Disorders in Wheat and Strategies for Mitigating Them. Front Nutr 2020; 7:6. [PMID: 32118025 PMCID: PMC7020197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is a major cereal crop providing energy and nutrients to the billions of people around the world. Gluten is a structural protein in wheat, that is necessary for its dough making properties, but it is responsible for imparting certain intolerances among some individuals, which are part of this review. Most important among these intolerances is celiac disease, that is gluten triggered T-cell mediated autoimmune enteropathy and results in villous atrophy, inflammation and damage to intestinal lining in genetically liable individuals containing human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 molecules on antigen presenting cells. Celiac disease occurs due to presence of celiac disease eliciting epitopes in gluten, particularly highly immunogenic alpha-gliadins. Another gluten related disorder is non-celiac gluten-sensitivity in which innate immune-response occurs in patients along with gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms, that disappear upon removal of gluten from the diet. In wheat allergy, either IgE or non-IgE mediated immune response occurs in individuals after inhalation or ingestion of wheat. Following a life-long gluten-free diet by celiac disease and non-celiac gluten-sensitivity patients is very challenging as none of wheat cultivar or related species stands safe for consumption. Hence, different molecular biology, genetic engineering, breeding, microbial, enzymatic, and chemical strategies have been worked upon to reduce the celiac disease epitopes and the gluten content in wheat. Currently, only 8.4% of total population is affected by wheat-related issues, while rest of population remains safe and should not remove wheat from the diet, based on false media coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Sharma
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Simran Bhatia
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Venkatesh Chunduri
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Satveer Kaur
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Payal Kapoor
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Monika Garg
- Agri-Food Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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167
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Escudero-Hernández C, Martín Á, de Pedro Andrés R, Fernández-Salazar L, Garrote JA, Bernardo D, Arranz E. Circulating Dendritic Cells from Celiac Disease Patients Display a Gut-Homing Profile and are Differentially Modulated by Different Gliadin-Derived Peptides. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900989. [PMID: 31970917 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Circulating dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte subsets contribute to the pool of intestinal DC and macrophages in celiac disease (CeD), an autoimmune gut disorder triggered by dietary gluten. Here, this study aims to characterize these circulating subsets in CeD and assess the effect of different gliadin-derived peptides on conventional DC (cDC). METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals a slight decrease in the proportion of plasmacytoid and type 1 cDC in gluten-free diet (GFD)-treated CeD patients. In comparison to healthy donors, DC and monocyte subsets from active and GFD-treated CeD patients display an increased gut-homing profile. Type 2 cDC (cDC2) are sorted and stimulated with the gliadin-derived peptides 8-mer, 19-mer, and 33-mer. All peptides induce cDC2 maturation, although the profile is different. While peptide 8-mer induces a Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in active CeD patients, cDC2 primed with peptide 33-mer displays a higher capacity to promote gut-homing CCR9+ expression onto autologous T-cells. CONCLUSION Distinct gliadin-derived peptides elicit different effects on cDC2 phenotype and function. This effect is compatible with a model where diverse gliadin peptides may cooperate to promote full cDC2 activation and the subsequent T-cell response in genetically predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Escudero-Hernández
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Álvaro Martín
- Flow Cytometry facility. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo de Pedro Andrés
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández-Salazar
- Digestive Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, C/ Dulzaina 2, 47012, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
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Tye-Din JA, Skodje GI, Sarna VK, Dzuris JL, Russell AK, Goel G, Wang S, Goldstein KE, Williams LJ, Sollid LM, Lundin KEA, Anderson RP. Cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates coeliac disease from self-reported gluten sensitivity. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 8:108-118. [PMID: 32213060 PMCID: PMC7006000 DOI: 10.1177/2050640619874173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing coeliac disease (CD) in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) is difficult. Ingesting gluten elevates circulating interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8 and IL-10 in CD patients on a GFD. OBJECTIVE We tested whether cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates patients with CD from those with self-reported gluten sensitivity (SR-GS). METHODS Australian patients with CD (n = 26) and SR-GS (n = 18) on a GFD consumed bread (estimated gluten 6 g). Serum at baseline and at 3 and 4 h was tested for IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10. Separately, Norwegian SR-GS patients (n = 49) had plasma cytokine assessment at baseline and at 2, 4 and 6 h after food bars containing gluten (5.7 g), fructan or placebo in a previous double-blind crossover study. RESULTS Gluten significantly elevated serum IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10 at 3 and 4 h in patients with CD but not SR-GS. The highest median fold-change from baseline at 4 h was for IL-2 (8.06, IQR: 1.52-24.0; P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). The two SR-GS cohorts included only one (1.5%) confirmed IL-2 responder, and cytokine responses to fructan and placebo were no different to gluten. Overall, cytokine release after gluten was present in 22 (85%) CD participants, but 2 of the 4 non-responders remained clinically well after 1 y on an unrestricted diet. Hence, cytokine release occurred in 22 (92%) of 24 'verified' CD participants. CONCLUSIONS Gluten challenge with high-sensitivity cytokine assessment differentiates CD from SR-GS in patients on a GFD and identifies patients likely to tolerate gluten reintroduction. Systemic cytokine release indicating early immune activation by gluten in CD individuals cannot be detected in SR-GS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gry I Skodje
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vikas K Sarna
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Amy K Russell
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut EA Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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169
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Uhde M, Yu X, Bunin A, Brauner C, Lewis SK, Lebwohl B, Krishnareddy S, Alaedini A, Reizis B, Ghosh S, Green PH, Bhagat G. Phenotypic shift of small intestinal intra-epithelial type 1 innate lymphoid cells in celiac disease is associated with enhanced cytotoxic potential. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:163-175. [PMID: 31907928 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestinal (SI) epithelium harbors a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes that mediate mucosal damage and repair in celiac disease (CD). The composition and roles of human proximal SI intra-epithelial innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and their alterations in CD, are not well understood. We report that duodenal intra-epithelial ILCs predominantly consist of natural killer (NK)p44+ CD127- cytotoxic ILC1s and NKp44- CD127+ helper ILC1s, while ILC3s only represent a minor population. In patients with newly diagnosed or active CD (ACD) and refractory CD type 1 (RCD I), the frequency of SI NKp44+ ILCs is decreased, with restoration of NKp44+ ILC frequency observed in patients adhering to a gluten-free diet who show evidence of mucosal healing. Moreover, the frequency of SI NKp44- ILCs is increased in ACD and RCD I patients and correlates with the severity of villous atrophy and epithelial damage, as assessed by serum levels of fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2). We show that the ILC alterations in CD represent a phenotypic shift of cytotoxic ILC1s rather than an increase in helper ILC1s or transdifferentiation of ILC1s to ILC3s, and activation-induced loss of NKp44 by cytotoxic ILC1s is associated with increased interferon (IFN)-γ expression and release of lytic granules. These findings suggest that intra-epithelial NKp44- CD127- cytotoxic ILC1s may contribute to mucosal damage in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uhde
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Yu
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Bunin
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Brauner
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S K Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Lebwohl
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Krishnareddy
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Alaedini
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Reizis
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - P H Green
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Bhagat
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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170
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Laparra JM, Haros CM. Plant seed protease inhibitors differentially affect innate immunity in a tumor microenvironment to control hepatocarcinoma. Food Funct 2020; 10:4210-4219. [PMID: 31257391 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identifying tolerance responses to ingested foodstuff over life is essential for understanding dysfunction in metabolic diseases. This study presents a comparative structural and functional analysis of serine-type protease inhibitors (STPIs) from Chenopodium quinoa, Salvia hispanica L., Avena sativa and Triticum durum. It also evaluates their influence on an in vivo hepatocarcinoma (HCC) model. STPIs are found in all samples with significant differences in protease inhibitory capacity: C. quinoa = S. hispanica < A. sativa = T. durum. STPIs in C. quinoa and S. hispanica appear as heterologous complexes, while those in A. sativa are present as homologous complexes. T. durum provides different subunits with STPI capacity. HPLC-RP-ESI analyses revealed homology between STPIs in the different samples and the partial resistance of those to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In vivo, STPIs from S. hispanica showed the most positive effects, increasing F4/80+ cells normalizing the expression (mRNA) of CD36 and the innate immune 'Toll-like' receptor (TLR)-4. Only STPIs from C. quinoa and S. hispanica did not impair the production of inflammatory mediators (granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor, stem cell factor and TNFα), contributing to maintaining the polarization of the antitumoral M1 macrophage phenotype. These structural and functional features of STPIs from C. quinoa and S. hispanica can be used to control HCC aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Laparra
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de Canto Blanco n° 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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171
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Ibrahim F, Stribling P. Reply to “A Gluten Reduction Is the Patients’ Choice for a Dietary ‘Bottom Up’ Approach in IBS—A Comment on “A 5Ad Dietary Protocol for Functional Bowel Disorders” Nutrients 2019, 11, 1938”. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010140. [PMID: 31947828 PMCID: PMC7019583 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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172
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Wheat gluten intake increases the severity of experimental colitis and bacterial translocation by weakening of the proteins of the junctional complex. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:361-373. [PMID: 30554574 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gluten is only partially digested by intestinal enzymes and can generate peptides that can alter intestinal permeability, facilitating bacterial translocation, thus affecting the immune system. Few studies addressed the role of diet with gluten in the development of colitis. Therefore, we investigate the effects of wheat gluten-containing diet on the evolution of sodium dextran sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice were fed a standard diet without (colitis group) or with 4·5 % wheat gluten (colitis + gluten) for 15 d and received DSS solution (1·5 %, w/v) instead of water during the last 7 d. Compared with the colitis group, colitis + gluten mice presented a worse clinical score, a larger extension of colonic injury area, and increased mucosal inflammation. Both intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation were increased, propitiating bacteria migration for peripheral organs. The mechanism by which diet with gluten exacerbates colitis appears to be related to changes in protein production and organisation in adhesion junctions and desmosomes. The protein α-E-catenin was especially reduced in mice fed gluten, which compromised the localisation of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins, weakening the structure of desmosomes. The epithelial damage caused by gluten included shortening of microvilli, a high number of digestive vacuoles, and changes in the endosome/lysosome system. In conclusion, our results show that wheat gluten-containing diet exacerbates the mucosal damage caused by colitis, reducing intestinal barrier function and increasing bacterial translocation. These effects are related to the induction of weakness and disorganisation of adhesion junctions and desmosomes as well as shortening of microvilli and modification of the endocytic vesicle route.
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173
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Jauregi-Miguel A, Santin I, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Olazagoitia-Garmendia A, Romero-Garmendia I, Sebastian-delaCruz M, Irastorza I, Castellanos-Rubio A, Bilbao JR. MAGI2 Gene Region and Celiac Disease. Front Nutr 2019; 6:187. [PMID: 31921880 PMCID: PMC6930898 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) patients present a loss of intestinal barrier function due to structural alterations in the tight junction (TJ) network, the most apical unions between epithelial cells. The association of TJ-related gene variants points to an implication of this network in disease susceptibility. This work aims to characterize the functional implication of TJ-related, disease-associated loci in CD pathogenesis. We performed an association study of 8 TJ-related gene variants in a cohort of 270 CD and 91 non-CD controls. The expression level of transcripts located in the associated SNP region was analyzed by RT-PCR in several human tissues and in duodenal biopsies of celiac patients and non-CD controls. (si)RNA-driven silencing combined with gliadin in the Caco2 intestinal cell line was used to analyze the implication of transcripts from the associated region in the regulation of TJ genes. We replicated the association of rs6962966*A variant [p = 0.0029; OR = 1.88 (95%1.24–2.87)], located in an intron of TJ-related MAGI2 coding gene and upstream of RP4-587D13.2 transcript, bioinformatically classified as a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). The expression of both genes is correlated and constitutively downregulated in CD intestine. Silencing of lncRNA decreases the levels of MAGI2 protein. At the same time, silencing of MAGI2 affects the expression of several TJ-related genes. The associated region is functionally altered in disease, probably affecting CD-related TJ genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Izortze Santin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain.,CIBER in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Irati Romero-Garmendia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maialen Sebastian-delaCruz
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Irastorza
- Department of Pediatrics, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Ramón Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea), Leioa, Spain.,CIBER in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Lexhaller B, Colgrave ML, Scherf KA. Characterization and Relative Quantitation of Wheat, Rye, and Barley Gluten Protein Types by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1530. [PMID: 31921226 PMCID: PMC6923249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of wheat, rye, and barley may cause adverse reactions to wheat such as celiac disease, non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity, or wheat allergy. The storage proteins (gluten) are known as major triggers, but also other functional protein groups such as α-amylase/trypsin-inhibitors or enzymes are possibly harmful for people suffering of adverse reactions to wheat. Gluten is widely used as a collective term for the complex protein mixture of wheat, rye or barley and can be subdivided into the following gluten protein types (GPTs): α-gliadins, γ-gliadins, ω5-gliadins, ω1,2-gliadins, high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of wheat, ω-secalins, high-molecular-weight secalins, γ-75k-secalins and γ-40k-secalins of rye, and C-hordeins, γ-hordeins, B-hordeins, and D-hordeins of barley. GPTs isolated from the flours are useful as reference materials for clinical studies, diagnostics or in food analyses and to elucidate disease mechanisms. A combined strategy of protein separation according to solubility followed by preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to purify the GPTs according to hydrophobicity. Due to the heterogeneity of gluten proteins and their partly polymeric nature, it is a challenge to obtain highly purified GPTs with only one protein group. Therefore, it is essential to characterize and identify the proteins and their proportions in each GPT. In this study, the complexity of gluten from wheat, rye, and barley was demonstrated by identification of the individual proteins employing an undirected proteomics strategy involving liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic and chymotryptic hydrolysates of the GPTs. Different protein groups were obtained and the relative composition of the GPTs was revealed. Multiple reaction monitoring liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the relative quantitation of the most abundant gluten proteins. These analyses also allowed the identification of known wheat allergens and celiac disease-active peptides. Combined with functional assays, these findings may shed light on the mechanisms of gluten/wheat-related disorders and may be useful to characterize reference materials for analytical or diagnostic assays more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lexhaller
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Katharina A. Scherf
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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175
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Sánchez-León S, Giménez MJ, Comino I, Sousa C, López Casado MÁ, Torres MI, Barro F. Stimulatory Response of Celiac Disease Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Induced by RNAi Wheat Lines Differing in Grain Protein Composition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122933. [PMID: 31816892 PMCID: PMC6950052 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat gluten proteins are responsible for the bread-making properties of the dough but also for triggering important gastrointestinal disorders. Celiac disease (CD) affects approximately 1% of the population in Western countries. The only treatment available is the strict avoidance of gluten in the diet. Interference RNA (RNAi) is an excellent approach for the down-regulation of genes coding for immunogenic proteins related to celiac disease, providing an alternative for the development of cereals suitable for CD patients. In the present work, we report a comparative study of the stimulatory capacity of seven low-gluten RNAi lines differing in grain gluten and non-gluten protein composition, relevant for CD and other gluten pathologies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 35 patients with active CD were included in this study to assess the stimulatory response induced by protein extracts from the RNAi lines. Analysis of the proliferative response and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) release of PBMCs demonstrated impaired stimulation in response to all RNAi lines. The lower response was provided by lines with a very low content of α- and γ-gliadins, and low or almost devoid of DQ2.5 and p31-43 α-gliadin epitopes. The non-gluten protein seems not to play a key role in PBMC stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sánchez-León
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.S.-L.); (M.J.G.)
| | - María José Giménez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.S.-L.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Isabel Comino
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (I.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (I.C.); (C.S.)
| | | | - María Isabel Torres
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Campus Universitario Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Francisco Barro
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.S.-L.); (M.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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176
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Olivares M, Rodriguez J, Pötgens SA, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. The Janus Face of Cereals: Wheat-Derived Prebiotics Counteract the Detrimental Effect of Gluten on Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Fed a High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900632. [PMID: 31608562 PMCID: PMC7003472 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cereals are important sources of carbohydrates, but also contain nutrients that could impact adiposity. The contribution of gluten to obesity and the effects of prebiotics-arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)-that can be extracted from gluten-containing cereals are analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice are fed a control diet, Western diet (WD, consisting of high fat/high sucrose), or WD with 5% gluten. Prebiotics are tested in the WD with gluten. Gluten does not increase body weight and has a minor effect on ileal inflammation. Gluten decreases the expression of browning markers in the fat and increases the triglycerides synthesis in the muscle. AXOS decreases body weight and adiposity in fat pads muscle and liver. AXOS promotes gluten cleavage by the induction of prolyl endopeptidase that is translated into a reduction of gluten immunogenic peptides. Gluten has minor effects on cecal microbiota composition, whereas prebiotics increased Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, Prevotella, and Parasutterella, which are all negatively correlated to the cecal content of gluten peptides. CONCLUSION While gluten may affect metabolic homeostasis, these effects are lessened when gluten is consumed along with cereal-derived fibers. If confirmed in humans, the authors bring new arguments to eat fiber-rich cereals to promote a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivares
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Sarah A. Pötgens
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO)Louvain Drug Research InstituteUCLouvainB‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)B‐1200BrusselsBelgium
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177
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Ashfaq-Khan M, Aslam M, Qureshi MA, Senkowski MS, Yen-Weng S, Strand S, Kim YO, Pickert G, Schattenberg JM, Schuppan D. Dietary wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors promote features of murine non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17463. [PMID: 31767938 PMCID: PMC6877510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a common dietary protein component, wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI), stimulate intestinal macrophages and dendritic cells via toll like receptor 4. Activation of these intestinal myeloid cells elicits an inflammatory signal that is propagated to mesenteric lymph nodes, and that can facilitate extraintestinal inflammation. Mice were fed a well-defined high fat diet, with (HFD/ATI) or without (HFD) nutritionally irrelevant amounts of ATI. Mice on HFD/ATI developed only mild signs of intestinal inflammation and myeloid cell activation but displayed significantly higher serum triglycerides and transaminases compared to mice on HFD alone. Moreover, they showed increased visceral and liver fat, and a higher insulin resistance. ATI feeding promoted liver and adipose tissue inflammation, with M1-type macrophage polarization and infiltration, and enhanced liver fibrogenesis. Gluten, the major protein component of wheat, did not induce these pathologies. Therefore, wheat ATI ingestion in minute quantities comparable to human daily wheat consumption exacerbated features of the metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, despite its irrelevant caloric value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq-Khan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Misbah Aslam
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muhammad Asif Qureshi
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Sascha Senkowski
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shih Yen-Weng
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Geethanjali Pickert
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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178
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Rej A, Aziz I, Tornblom H, Sanders DS, Simrén M. The role of diet in irritable bowel syndrome: implications for dietary advice. J Intern Med 2019; 286:490-502. [PMID: 31468640 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects approximately 10% of the population. Diet triggers symptoms in the vast majority of individuals with IBS. In view of this, there has been a focus on the role of diet in IBS. The diets currently being headlined for IBS include (i) traditional dietary advice, (ii) the low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono- saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) diet and (iii) the gluten-free diet (GFD). Although traditional dietary advice is considered as the first-line dietary therapy, its evidence base is variable, with a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the efficacy of this approach, other than for fibre. There are now a growing number of RCTs demonstrating the efficacy of the low FODMAP diet in the short-term, with some emerging data on the long-term 'adapted' low FODMAP diet. There are also several RCTs showing the benefits of a GFD in IBS; however, this concept is hampered with uncertainty as to the mechanism of action. Nevertheless, all of these dietary therapies are viable options for individuals with IBS, with the dietitian and patient engagement at the forefront of achieving success. However, future pragmatic studies are needed to clarify the comparative efficacy and convenience of implementing these various diets into routine life. Moreover, it is imperative to better delineate the concern that restrictive diets - such as the low FODMAP and GFD - may promote nutritional inadequacies, disordered eating behaviours, and lead to detrimental alterations to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rej
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - I Aziz
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Tornblom
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D S Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Simrén
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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179
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Sievers S, Rohrbach A, Beyer K. Wheat-induced food allergy in childhood: ancient grains seem no way out. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2693-2707. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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180
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Toda M. Rice Components with Immunomodulatory Function. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:S9-S12. [PMID: 31619655 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops in the world, and the effect of its consumption on human health is of great concern. Evidence has accumulated that rice contains several components, such as γ-oryzanol and rice bran fibers, which modulate the immune system. In addition, rice has other immunologically beneficial characteristics. It has a low allergenic potential and is gluten-free, reducing the risk of development of food allergies and diseases related to gluten sensitivity such as coeliac disease. This review presents the recent advances in our understanding of the immunomodulatory function of rice components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Toda
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
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181
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Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Mele MC, Gasbarrini A. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): Where Is the Culprit Hiding? Nutritional Tips for Gastroenterologists. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102499. [PMID: 31627386 PMCID: PMC6835754 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- UOSA di Nutrizione Avanzata in Oncologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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182
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Tanner G, Juhász A, Florides CG, Nye-Wood M, Békés F, Colgrave ML, Russell AK, Hardy MY, Tye-Din JA. Preparation and Characterization of Avenin-Enriched Oat Protein by Chill Precipitation for Feeding Trials in Celiac Disease. Front Nutr 2019; 6:162. [PMID: 31681788 PMCID: PMC6803533 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of oats for people with celiac disease remains unresolved. While oats have attractive nutritional properties that can improve the quality and palatability of the restrictive, low fiber gluten-free diet, rigorous feeding studies to address their safety in celiac disease are needed. Assessing the oat prolamin proteins (avenins) in isolation and controlling for gluten contamination and other oat components such as fiber that can cause non-specific effects and symptoms is crucial. Further, the avenin should contain all reported immunogenic T cell epitopes, and be deliverable at a dose that enables biological responses to be correlated with clinical effects. To date, isolation of a purified food-grade avenin in sufficient quantities for feeding studies has not been feasible. Here, we report a new gluten isolation technique that enabled 2 kg of avenin to be extracted from 400 kg of wheat-free oats under rigorous gluten-free and food grade conditions. The extract consisted of 85% protein of which 96% of the protein was avenin. The concentration of starch (1.8% dry weight), β-glucan (0.2% dry weight), and free sugars (1.8% dry weight) were all low in the final avenin preparation. Other sugars including oligosaccharides, small fructans, and other complex sugars were also low at 2.8% dry weight. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the proteins in these preparations showed they consisted only of oat proteins and were uncontaminated by gluten containing cereals including wheat, barley or rye. Proteomic analysis of the avenin enriched samples detected more avenin subtypes and fewer other proteins compared to samples obtained using other extraction procedures. The identified proteins represented five main groups, four containing known immune-stimulatory avenin peptides. All five groups were identified in the 50% (v/v) ethanol extract however the group harboring the epitope DQ2.5-ave-1b was less represented. The avenin-enriched protein fractions were quantitatively collected by reversed phase HPLC and analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Three reverse phase HPLC peaks, representing ~40% of the protein content, were enriched in proteins containing DQ2.5-ave-1a epitope. The resultant high quality avenin will facilitate controlled and definitive feeding studies to establish the safety of oat consumption by people with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Tanner
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy K Russell
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melinda Y Hardy
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason A Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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183
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Hoffmanová I, Sánchez D, Szczepanková A, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H. The Pros and Cons of Using Oat in a Gluten-Free Diet for Celiac Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102345. [PMID: 31581722 PMCID: PMC6835965 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A therapeutic gluten-free diet often has nutritional limitations. Nutritional qualities such as high protein content, the presence of biologically active and beneficial substances (fiber, beta-glucans, polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals), and tolerance by the majority of celiac patients make oat popular for use in gluten-free diet. The health risk of long-time consumption of oat by celiac patients is a matter of debate. The introduction of oat into the diet is only recommended for celiac patients in remission. Furthermore, not every variety of oat is also appropriate for a gluten-free diet. The risk of sensitization and an adverse immunologically mediated reaction is a real threat in some celiac patients. Several unsolved issues still exist which include the following: (1) determination of the susceptibility markers for the subgroup of celiac patients who are at risk because they do not tolerate dietary oat, (2) identification of suitable varieties of oat and estimating the safe dose of oat for the diet, and (3) optimization of methods for detecting the gliadin contamination in raw oat used in a gluten-free diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hoffmanová
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Sánchez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adéla Szczepanková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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184
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Hakola L, Miettinen ME, Syrjälä E, Åkerlund M, Takkinen HM, Korhonen TE, Ahonen S, Ilonen J, Toppari J, Veijola R, Nevalainen J, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Association of Cereal, Gluten, and Dietary Fiber Intake With Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:953-960. [PMID: 31403683 PMCID: PMC6692682 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dietary proteins, such as gluten, have been suggested as triggers of the disease process in type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVE To study the associations of cereal, gluten, and dietary fiber intake with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and T1D. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The prospective birth cohort Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study recruited children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from September 1996 to September 2004 from 2 university hospitals in Finland and followed up every 3 to 12 months up to 6 years for diet, islet autoantibodies, and T1D. Altogether 6081 infants (78% of those invited) participated in the study. Dietary data were available for 5714 children (94.0%) and dietary and IA data were available for 5545 children (91.2%), of whom 3762 (68%) had data on islet autoantibodies up to age 6 years. Information on T1D was available for all children. Data were analyzed in 2018 and end point data were updated in 2015. EXPOSURES Each child's intake of cereals, gluten, and dietary fiber was calculated from repeated 3-day food records up to 6 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Islet autoimmunity was defined as repeated positivity for islet cell antibodies and at least 1 biochemical autoantibody of 3 analyzed, or T1D. Data on the diagnosis of T1D were obtained from Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register. RESULTS Of 5545 children (2950 boys [53.2%]), 246 (4.4%) developed IA and of 5714 children (3033 boys [53.1%]), 90 (1.6%) developed T1D during the 6-year follow-up. Based on joint models, the intake of oats (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13), wheat (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.15), rye (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23), gluten-containing cereals (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11), gluten without avenin from oats (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.40-3.57), gluten with avenin (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.45-2.92), and dietary fiber (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10-1.81) was associated with the risk of developing IA (HRs for 1 g/MJ increase in intake). The intake of oats (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and rye (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.41) was associated with the risk of developing T1D. After multiple testing correction, the associations with IA remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A high intake of oats, gluten-containing cereals, gluten, and dietary fiber was associated with an increased risk of IA. Further studies are needed to confirm or rule out the findings and study potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hakola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maija E. Miettinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi Syrjälä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Åkerlund
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna-Mari Takkinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli E. Korhonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Ahonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Nevalainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi M. Virtanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland,Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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185
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Gluten and FODMAPS-Sense of a Restriction/When Is Restriction Necessary? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081957. [PMID: 31434299 PMCID: PMC6723650 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten-free diet (GFD) is enjoying increasingly popularity, although gluten-free products are considerably more expensive. GFD is absolutely necessary for patients with celiac disease, as in this case even minor amounts of gluten can lead to the destruction of the intestinal mucosa. In addition, GFD is currently the best therapy to improve clinical symptoms of patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), although the diet may not be as strict as that for patients with celiac disease. Beside gluten, other wheat components such as oligosaccharides and amylase trypsin inhibitors are discussed as triggers of NCGS in this review. An overlap between gastrointestinal symptoms in NCGS and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is described. Patients with NCGS attribute their symptoms to the consumption of gluten, while patients with IBS rarely describe gluten as a trigger. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that the introduction of a low FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet reduced gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with IBS and this diet is suggested as the first choice of therapy in IBS. However, a low FODMAP diet also eliminates prebiotica and may negatively influence the gut microbiota. For this reason, the diet should be liberalized after symptom improvement. There is no evidence that a GFD is healthier than the standard diet. In contrast, GFD often is accompanied by nutritional deficiencies, mainly minerals and vitamins. Therefore, GFD and low FODMAP diets are not recommended for healthy subjects. Since wheat contains fructans belonging to FODMAPs), a GFD is not only gluten-free but also has less FODMAPs. Thus, symptom improvement cannot be correctly correlated with the reduction of either one or the other.
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186
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Cabanillas B. Gluten-related disorders: Celiac disease, wheat allergy, and nonceliac gluten sensitivity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2606-2621. [PMID: 31402697 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1651689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of gluten-free products is becoming an increased alimentary habit in the general population. The scientific unfounded perception suggesting that the avoidance of gluten would improve health or that gluten could be toxic for humans are fostering medically unjustified adherences to a gluten-free diet. Currently, only patients diagnosed with celiac disease are advised to follow a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. In the same way, patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated wheat allergy must avoid exposure to wheat in any form. In that context, a third disorder, called nonceliac gluten sensitivity, characterized by distress after gluten consumption and in which neither celiac disease nor IgE-mediated allergy plays a role, has gained increased attention in the last years. Although important scientific advances have been made in the understanding of the pathologic mechanisms behind nonceliac gluten sensitivity, this disorder is still a matter of active debate in the scientific community. In the present review, the most recent advances in the immunopathology, diagnostic biomarkers and susceptibility determinants of gluten-related diseases are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, an updated overview of the new potential therapies that are currently underway for the treatment of gluten-related disorders is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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187
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Campagna G, Tatangelo R, La Fratta I, Rizzuto A, Ballerini P, Cocco D, Savi S, Rotunno A, Rotunno PF, Speranza L, Franceschelli S, Grilli A, Pesce M. Insights in the Evaluation of Gluten Dietary Avoidance in Healthy Subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:178-186. [PMID: 31393225 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1631902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The amount of healthy subjects adopting a gluten-free diet (GFD) for nonmedical reasons actually surpasses the numbers of those who are dealing with a permanent gluten-related disorder.Objective: The study aimed to better clarify the interactions between a GFD and physical and psychological well-being.Methods: Sixty healthy subjects with normal weight were enrolled. Thirty subjects (15 female) were submitted to a normocaloric GFD and considered as the experimental group (EG), and 30 subjects (15 female) were submitted to a normocaloric diet (CG) for 6 months. The hematochemical and psychological parameters before and after the diet were recorded.Results: Significant improvement was demonstrated in red blood count, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein parameters in the EG after the gluten-free diet. However, a significant increase of α-amylase pancreatic activity and reduction of vitamin B12 and magnesium levels in the EG were observed. Regarding the psychological parameters, the GFD significantly improved scores assessing body satisfaction, but increased social insecurity.Conclusions: The study is the first to consider significant modulation in hematochemical parameters as well as psychological ones by gluten avoidance in healthy individuals. Although these subjects were not characterized by intestinal mucosa damage, some of the effects were similar to those observed in celiac disease patients who began to adhere to a GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Campagna
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tatangelo
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Irene La Fratta
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Rizzuto
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Cocco
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Samuele Savi
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Rotunno
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Pietro Falco Rotunno
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirko Pesce
- School of Medicine and Health Science, University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy
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188
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Caminero A, Verdu EF. Metabolism of wheat proteins by intestinal microbes: Implications for wheat related disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastre.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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189
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Abstract
The prevalence of celiac disease (CeD) has increased in the last decades, suggesting a role for environmental factors in addition to gluten. Several cohort studies have shown that different gastrointestinal infections increase CeD risk. However, the mechanisms by which microbes participate in CeD have remained elusive. Recently, with the use of animal models, both viral and bacterial opportunistic pathogens were shown to induce immune activation relevant for CeD. The hypothesis that viral and/or bacterial infections can contribute to immune activation and breakdown of tolerance toward gluten in genetically susceptible individuals is therefore reinforced. Here, we discuss the evidence regarding the role of microbes in promoting CeD and the specific pathways triggered by microbes that could participate in CeD pathogenesis. Understanding these pathways will allow us to develop optimal microbiota-modulating strategies to help prevent CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caminero
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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190
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Metabolism of wheat proteins by intestinal microbes: Implications for wheat related disorders. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2019; 42:449-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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191
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Caio G, Volta U, Sapone A, Leffler DA, De Giorgio R, Catassi C, Fasano A. Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review. BMC Med 2019; 17:142. [PMID: 31331324 PMCID: PMC6647104 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease remains a challenging condition because of a steady increase in knowledge tackling its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and possible therapeutic options. MAIN BODY A major milestone in the history of celiac disease was the identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen, thereby confirming the autoimmune nature of this disorder. A genetic background (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity and non-HLA genes) is a mandatory determinant of the development of the disease, which occurs with the contribution of environmental factors (e.g., viral infections and dysbiosis of gut microbiota). Its prevalence in the general population is of approximately 1%, with female predominance. The disease can occur at any age, with a variety of symptoms/manifestations. This multifaceted clinical presentation leads to several phenotypes, i.e., gastrointestinal, extraintestinal, subclinical, potential, seronegative, non-responsive, and refractory. Although small intestinal biopsy remains the diagnostic 'gold standard', highly sensitive and specific serological tests, such as tissue transglutaminase, endomysial and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies, have become gradually more important in the diagnostic work-up of celiac disease. Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is a life-long, strict gluten-free diet leading to improvement in quality of life, ameliorating symptoms, and preventing the occurrence of refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS The present review is timely and provides a thorough appraisal of various aspects characterizing celiac disease. Remaining challenges include obtaining a better understanding of still-unclear phenotypes such as slow-responsive, potential (minimal lesions) and seronegative celiac disease. The identification of alternative or complementary treatments to the gluten-free diet brings hope for patients unavoidably burdened by diet restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Caio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Umberto Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Sapone
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel A. Leffler
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Celiac Research, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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192
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Tuck CJ, Biesiekierski JR, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Pohl D. Food Intolerances. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071684. [PMID: 31336652 PMCID: PMC6682924 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intolerances are estimated to affect up to 20% of the population but complete understanding of diagnosis and management is complicated, given presentation and non-immunological mechanisms associated vary greatly. This review aims to provide a scientific update on common food intolerances resulting in gastrointestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms. FODMAP sensitivity has strong evidence supporting its mechanisms of increased osmotic activity and fermentation with the resulting distention leading to symptoms in those with visceral hypersensitivity. For many of the other food intolerances reviewed including non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity, food additives and bioactive food chemicals, the findings show that there is a shortage of reproducible well-designed double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, making understanding of the mechanisms, diagnosis and management difficult. Enzyme deficiencies have been proposed to result in other food sensitivities including low amine oxidase activity resulting in histamine intolerance and sucrase-isomaltase deficiency resulting in reduced tolerance to sugars and starch. Lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers for all food intolerances result in an inability to target specific foods in the individual. As such, a trial-and-error approach is used, whereby suspected food constituents are reduced for a short-period and then re-challenged to assess response. Future studies should aim to identify biomarkers to predict response to dietary therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Tuck
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Jessica R Biesiekierski
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich Switzerland and Christine-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Pohl
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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193
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Brouns F, van Rooy G, Shewry P, Rustgi S, Jonkers D. Adverse Reactions to Wheat or Wheat Components. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1437-1452. [PMID: 33336916 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is an important staple food globally, providing a significant contribution to daily energy, fiber, and micronutrient intake. Observational evidence for health impacts of consuming more whole grains, among which wheat is a major contributor, points to significant risk reduction for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and colon cancer. However, specific wheat components may also elicit adverse physical reactions in susceptible individuals such as celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA). Recently, broad coverage in the popular and social media has suggested that wheat consumption leads to a wide range of adverse health effects. This has motivated many consumers to avoid or reduce their consumption of foods that contain wheat/gluten, despite the absence of diagnosed CD or WA, raising questions about underlying mechanisms and possible nocebo effects. However, recent studies did show that some individuals may suffer from adverse reactions in absence of CD and WA. This condition is called non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). In addition to gluten, wheat and derived products contain many other components which may trigger symptoms, including inhibitors of α-amylase and trypsin (ATIs), lectins, and rapidly fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs). Furthermore, the way in which foods are being processed, such as the use of yeast or sourdough fermentation, fermentation time and baking conditions, may also affect the presence and bioactivity of these components. The present review systematically describes the characteristics of wheat-related intolerances, including their etiology, prevalence, the components responsible, diagnosis, and strategies to reduce adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Brouns
- Dept. of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht Univ., Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gonny van Rooy
- Div. of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht Univ. Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Shewry
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, U.K
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson Univ., Florence, SC, 29505, U.S.A.,Dept. of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, U.S.A
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Div. of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht Univ. Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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194
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Development of an enzymatic assay for the quantitative determination of trypsin inhibitory activity in wheat. Food Chem 2019; 299:125038. [PMID: 31284248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the world's most widely consumed staple food. However, the number of people suffering from wheat-related disorders has increased drastically. Amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) have recently been identified as one of the main triggers of non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). In this study, an enzymatic assay for the determination of trypsin inhibition activity in hexaploid wheat was developed. This method was optimized with respect to several parameters, such as extraction and incubation procedures, and was validated according to international standards, concerning accuracy, precision and robustness of the method. Results revealed that linear inhibition and thus accuracy occurred only in a narrow concentration range. However, after optimization of settings the novel method was found to be satisfactory for accurate determination of trypsin inhibition in wheat. Purification of the wheat extract with immobilized trypsin beads led to the identification of CM inhibitors (chloroform/methanol soluble proteins) as main contributors of trypsin inhibition.
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195
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Fritscher-Ravens A, Pflaum T, Mösinger M, Ruchay Z, Röcken C, Milla PJ, Das M, Böttner M, Wedel T, Schuppan D. Many Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Have Atypical Food Allergies Not Associated With Immunoglobulin E. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:109-118.e5. [PMID: 31100380 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a technique that permits real-time detection and quantification of changes in intestinal tissues and cells, including increases in intraepithelial lymphocytes and fluid extravasation through epithelial leaks. Using CLE analysis of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), we found that more than half have responses to specific food components. Exclusion of the defined food led to long-term symptom relief. We used the results of CLE to detect reactions to food in a larger patient population and analyzed duodenal biopsy samples and fluid from patients to investigate mechanisms of these reactions. METHODS In a prospective study, 155 patients with IBS received 4 challenges with each of 4 common food components via the endoscope, followed by CLE, at a tertiary medical center. Classical food allergies were excluded by negative results from immunoglobulin E serology analysis and skin tests for common food antigens. Duodenal biopsy samples and fluid were collected 2 weeks before and immediately after CLE and were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblots. Results from patients who had a response to food during CLE (CLE+) were compared with results from patients who did not have a reaction during CLE (CLE-) or healthy individuals (controls). RESULTS Of the 108 patients who completed the study, 76 were CLE+ (70%), and 46 of these (61%) reacted to wheat. CLE+ patients had a 4-fold increase in prevalence of atopic disorders compared with controls (P = .001). Numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes were significantly higher in duodenal biopsy samples from CLE+ vs CLE- patients or controls (P = .001). Expression of claudin-2 increased from crypt to villus tip (P < .001) and was up-regulated in CLE+ patients compared with CLE- patients or controls (P = .023). Levels of occludin were lower in duodenal biopsy samples from CLE+ patients vs controls (P = .022) and were lowest in villus tips (P < .001). Levels of messenger RNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines were unchanged in duodenal tissues after CLE challenge, but eosinophil degranulation increased, and levels of eosinophilic cationic protein were higher in duodenal fluid from CLE+ patients than controls (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS In a CLE analysis of patients with IBS, we found that more than 50% of patients could have nonclassical food allergy, with immediate disruption of the intestinal barrier upon exposure to food antigens. Duodenal tissues from patients with responses to food components during CLE had immediate increases in expression of claudin-2 and decreases in occludin. CLE+ patients also had increased eosinophil degranulation, indicating an atypical food allergy characterized by eosinophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fritscher-Ravens
- Unit Experimental Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Theresa Pflaum
- Unit Experimental Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marie Mösinger
- Unit Experimental Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zino Ruchay
- Unit Experimental Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter J Milla
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melda Das
- Unit Experimental Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Böttner
- Department of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thilo Wedel
- Department of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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196
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A Novel Kunitzin-Like Trypsin Inhibitor Isolated from Defensive Skin Secretion of Odorrana versabilis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070254. [PMID: 31261722 PMCID: PMC6681348 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibitors that were identified from amphibian skin secretions with low molecular weights and potent inhibitory activity were thought to be potential candidates for novel peptide drugs. Here, a novel peptide with trypsin inhibitory activity was found in the skin secretion of the Chinese bamboo leaf odorous frog, Odorrana versabilis. Based on the sequence alignments of sequencing results, the novel peptide (ALKYPFRCKAAFC) was named as Kunitzin-OV. The synthetic replicate of Kunitzin-OV was subjected to a series of functional assays, and it exhibited a trypsin inhibitory activity with a Ki value of 3.042 µM, whereas, when Lys-9 at P1 position was substituted by Phe, trypsin inhibitory activity was undetected and the chymotrypsin inhibitory activity was optimized with a Ki value of 2.874 µM. However, its protease-binding loop was catabolized by trypsin during the trypsin cleavage test. In conclusion, Kunizin-OV is a novel peptide with trypsin inhibitory activity as a member of kunitzins, which is a non-typical Kunitz-like trypsin inhibitor with a highly conserved reactive site (K-A) and quite a short sequence.
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197
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Almeida TTG, Monteiro MVB, Guimarães RC, Casseb AR, Huffman MA, Gonçalves EC, Monteiro FOB, Silva Filho E. Effect of gluten diet on blood innate immune gene expressions and stool consistency in Spix's Saddleback Tamarin (Leontocebus fuscicollis) raised in captivity. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3617-3623. [PMID: 31201676 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-04576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The callitrichids are non-human primates that feed on insects and plant matter in nature, but in captivity, they are fed mostly an artificial diet containing amounts of gluten, in their toxic forms in items such as wheat, barley and rye. The aim of this research was to estimate the blood β-defensin and Toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) gene expressions and to analyze the stool consistency (firm, soft, diarrheic) in Leontocebus fuscicollis raised in captivity. Blood samples of animals under gluten-free and gluten diets were collected and their fecal output quality was periodically monitored and classified during the course of the study. Gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR. The stool consistencies of individuals fed a gluten diet were most frequently soft or diarrheic, while it was mostly normal in individuals fed a gluten-free diet. β-Defensin expression increased in individuals fed a gluten diet, but decreased after 15 days. Expression normalized between 30 and 45 days on a gluten-free diet. However, expression of the TLR5 gene did not change under a gluten diet. A gluten diet affects stool quality, and brings about an immediate increase in blood β-defensin expression in the beginning but decreases after 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ednaldo Silva Filho
- Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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198
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Caminero A, McCarville JL, Zevallos VF, Pigrau M, Yu XB, Jury J, Galipeau HJ, Clarizio AV, Casqueiro J, Murray JA, Collins SM, Alaedini A, Bercik P, Schuppan D, Verdu EF. Lactobacilli Degrade Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors to Reduce Intestinal Dysfunction Induced by Immunogenic Wheat Proteins. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:2266-2280. [PMID: 30802444 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wheat-related disorders, a spectrum of conditions induced by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals, have been increasing in prevalence. Patients with celiac disease have gluten-specific immune responses, but the contribution of non-gluten proteins to symptoms in patients with celiac disease or other wheat-related disorders is controversial. METHODS C57BL/6 (control), Myd88-/-, Ticam1-/-, and Il15-/- mice were placed on diets that lacked wheat or gluten, with or without wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), for 1 week. Small intestine tissues were collected and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were measured; we also investigated gut permeability and intestinal transit. Control mice fed ATIs for 1 week were gavaged daily with Lactobacillus strains that had high or low ATI-degrading capacity. Nonobese diabetic/DQ8 mice were sensitized to gluten and fed an ATI diet, a gluten-containing diet or a diet with ATIs and gluten for 2 weeks. Mice were also treated with Lactobacillus strains that had high or low ATI-degrading capacity. Intestinal tissues were collected and IELs, gene expression, gut permeability and intestinal microbiota profiles were measured. RESULTS In intestinal tissues from control mice, ATIs induced an innate immune response by activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling to MD2 and CD14, and caused barrier dysfunction in the absence of mucosal damage. Administration of ATIs to gluten-sensitized mice expressing HLA-DQ8 increased intestinal inflammation in response to gluten in the diet. We found ATIs to be degraded by Lactobacillus, which reduced the inflammatory effects of ATIs. CONCLUSIONS ATIs mediate wheat-induced intestinal dysfunction in wild-type mice and exacerbate inflammation to gluten in susceptible mice. Microbiome-modulating strategies, such as administration of bacteria with ATI-degrading capacity, may be effective in patients with wheat-sensitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caminero
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin L McCarville
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor F Zevallos
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc Pigrau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuechen B Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Jury
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather J Galipeau
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra V Clarizio
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen M Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armin Alaedini
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060222. [PMID: 31142014 PMCID: PMC6630947 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Grain food consumption is a trigger of gluten related disorders: celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and wheat allergy. They demonstrate with non-specific symptoms: bloating, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea and flatulence. Aim: The aim of the review is to summarize data about pathogenesis, symptoms and criteria of NCGS, which can be helpful for physicians. Materials and Methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched in January 2019 with phrases: 'non-celiac gluten sensitivity', non-celiac gluten sensitivity', non-celiac wheat gluten sensitivity', non-celiac wheat gluten sensitivity', and gluten sensitivity'. More than 1000 results were found. A total of 67 clinical trials published between 1989 and 2019 was scanned. After skimming abstracts, 66 articles were chosen for this review; including 26 clinical trials. Results: In 2015, Salerno Experts' Criteria of NCGS were published. The Salerno first step is assessing the clinical response to gluten free diet (GFD) and second is measuring the effect of reintroducing gluten after a period of treatment with GFD. Several clinical trials were based on the criteria. Conclusions: Symptoms of NCGS are similar to other gluten-related diseases, irritable bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease. With Salerno Experts' Criteria of NCGS, it is possible to diagnose patients properly and give them advice about nutritional treatment.
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200
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Ma WT, Gao F, Gu K, Chen DK. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1140. [PMID: 31178867 PMCID: PMC6543461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many inflammatory disorders. In addition, these cells also play important immunoregulatory and tissue-repairing roles to decrease immune reactions and promote tissue regeneration. Several lines of evidence have suggested a causal link between the presence or activation of these cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, Mo or Mϕ infiltration in diseased tissues is a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed contributions of these cells, whether they actually initiate disease or perpetuate disease progression, and whether their phenotype and functional alteration are merely epiphenomena are still unclear in many autoimmune diseases. Additionally, little is known about their heterogeneous populations in different autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the relevance of Mo and Mϕ in autoimmune diseases and the associated mechanisms could lead to the identification of more effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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