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The relationship between maternal obesity and diabetes during pregnancy on offspring kidney structure and function in humans: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:406-419. [PMID: 30411699 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from animal models indicates that exposure to an obesogenic or hyperglycemic intrauterine environment adversely impacts offspring kidney development and renal function. However, evidence from human studies has not been evaluated systematically. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to synthesize current research in humans that has examined the relationship between gestational obesity and/or diabetes and offspring kidney structure and function. Systematic electronic database searches were conducted of five relevant databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Scopus). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines were followed, and articles screened by two independent reviewers generated nine eligible papers for inclusion. Six studies were assessed as being of 'neutral' quality, two of 'negative' and one 'positive' quality. Observational studies suggest that offspring exposed to a hyperglycemic intrauterine environment are more likely to display markers of renal dysfunction and are at higher risk of end-stage renal disease. There was limited and inconsistent evidence for a link between exposure to an obesogenic intrauterine environment and offspring renal outcomes. Offspring renal outcome measures across studies were diverse, with a large variation in offspring age at follow-up, limiting comparability across studies. The collective current body of evidence suggests that intrauterine exposure to maternal obesity and/or diabetes adversely impacts renal programming in offspring, with an increased risk of kidney disease in adulthood. Further high-quality, longitudinal, prospective cohort studies that measure indicators of offspring renal development and function, including fetal kidney volume and albuminuria, at standardized follow-up time points, are warranted.
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152
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An R, Wang L, Xue H, Wang Y. Projecting the impact of a nationwide school plain water access intervention on childhood obesity: a cost-benefit analysis. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:715-723. [PMID: 28941217 PMCID: PMC6062486 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to project the societal cost and benefit of an expansion of a water access intervention that promotes lunchtime plain water consumption by placing water dispensers in New York school cafeterias to all schools nationwide. METHODS A decision model was constructed to simulate two events under Markov chain processes - placing water dispensers at lunchtimes in school cafeterias nationwide vs. no action. The incremental cost pertained to water dispenser purchase and maintenance, whereas the incremental benefit was resulted from cases of childhood overweight/obesity prevented and corresponding lifetime direct (medical) and indirect costs saved. RESULTS Based on the decision model, the estimated incremental cost of the school-based water access intervention is $18 per student, and the corresponding incremental benefit is $192, resulting in a net benefit of $174 per student. Subgroup analysis estimates the net benefit per student to be $199 and $149 among boys and girls, respectively. Nationwide adoption of the intervention would prevent 0.57 million cases of childhood overweight, resulting in a lifetime cost saving totalling $13.1 billion. The estimated total cost saved per dollar spent was $14.5. CONCLUSION The New York school-based water access intervention, if adopted nationwide, may have a considerably favourable benefit-cost portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA,Corresponding author contact information: Ruopeng An, 1206 South 4 Street, Champaign IL 61820, USA, Phone: 1-217-244-0966, Fax: 1-217-333-2766,
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Hong Xue
- College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Youfa Wang
- College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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153
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Jastreboff AM, Chaplin TM, Finnie S, Savoye M, Stults-Kolehmainen M, Silverman WK, Sinha R. Preventing Childhood Obesity Through a Mindfulness-Based Parent Stress Intervention: A Randomized Pilot Study. J Pediatr 2018; 202:136-142.e1. [PMID: 30241766 PMCID: PMC6203652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of engaging stressed, low-income parents with obesity in a novel mindfulness-based parent stress intervention aimed at decreasing the risk of early childhood obesity. STUDY DESIGN An 8-week mindfulness-based parent stress group intervention (parenting mindfully for health) plus nutrition and physical activity counseling (PMH+N) was developed for parents with obesity aimed at preventing obesity in their at-risk 2- to 5-year-old children. PMH+N was compared with a control group intervention (C+N), and improvement in parenting was assessed before and after the intervention using the laboratory-based toy wait task (TWT). In addition, nutrition, physical activity, and stress were assessed using a multimethod approach. RESULTS After establishing feasibility in 20 parent-child dyads (phase 1), 42 dyads were randomized to PMH+N vs C+N (phase 2). Compared with the C+N group, the PMH+N group demonstrated significantly better group attendance (P < .015), greater improvement in parental involvement (P < .05), and decreased parental emotional eating rating (P < .011). Furthermore, C+N, but not PMH+N, was associated with significant increases in child body mass index percentile during treatment (P < .03) when accounting for the TWT before and after changes in parenting scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a mindfulness-based parent stress intervention to decrease childhood obesity risk is feasible, requires further testing of therapeutic mechanisms in larger samples, and may be a potential way to attenuate the risk of childhood obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT01974102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania M. Jastreboff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 333 Cedar Street, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 333 Cedar Street, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Tara M. Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, 4400 University Drive, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
| | - Sheridan Finnie
- Department of Epidemiology, 60 College Street, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Mary Savoye
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 333 Cedar Street, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | - Wendy K. Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stress Center, 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stress Center, New Haven, CT; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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154
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Nezami BT, Ward DS, Lytle LA, Ennett ST, Tate DF. A mHealth randomized controlled trial to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage intake in preschool-aged children. Pediatr Obes 2018; 13:668-676. [PMID: 29119719 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages and maternal weight are strong drivers of child obesity, but few studies have targeted these risk factors as an obesity prevention strategy in children. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a smartphone-delivered intervention to reduce parent-provided sugar-sweetened beverage and juice (SSB/juice) consumption among children ages 3-5 and maternal weight. METHODS Mothers with overweight or obesity, who had a child ages 3-5 that consumed at least 12 fl. oz./day of SSB/juice (N = 51 dyads) were randomized to the Smart Moms group that received one group session, lessons on a mobile website, and text messages, or to a waitlist control group. Mothers self-monitored their children's beverages in addition to their own beverages, high-calorie foods, and weight. Assessments at baseline, 3, and 6 months included dietary recalls to measure SSB/juice intake and objectively measured maternal weight. RESULTS Using linear mixed models controlling for baseline values, child age and race, there was a greater reduction in child SSB/juice in Smart Moms compared with control at 6 months (-9.7 oz./day vs. 1.7 oz./day, p < .01). Mothers in Smart Moms lost 2.4 kg at 6 months compared with a 0.9-kg gain in the control group (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS An intervention delivered using mHealth technologies can target mothers to change child dietary behaviours and improve maternal weight, which suggests a novel approach to family-based obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Nezami
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D S Ward
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L A Lytle
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D F Tate
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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155
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Abstract
Childhood obesity has assumed epidemic proportions and it is currently one of the most prevalent public health problems. The pathophysiology of excess weight gain is complex with interactions between genetic factors, environment and biological factors. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology of childhood obesity and discuss clinical evaluation of a child with obesity. A staged approach to treatment is detailed. We discuss the role of lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery as treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA -
| | - Tara Kaufman
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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156
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Gavin AR, Jones T, Kosterman R, Lee JO, Cambron C, Epstein M, Hill K, Hawkins JD. Racial Differences in Mechanisms Linking Childhood Socioeconomic Status With Growth in Adult Body Mass Index: The Role of Adolescent Risk and Educational Attainment. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:474-481. [PMID: 30150168 PMCID: PMC6380883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined whether risk factors during adolescence, including substance use, depression, overweight status, and young adult educational attainment, mediated the association between low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and higher body mass index (BMI) in adulthood. We also evaluated whether the hypothesized pathways differed based on racial group status. METHODS Participants from the Seattle Social Development Project were followed from ages 10 to 39years. Thepresent study included white (n = 381), African American (n = 207), and Asian American (n = 171) participants. Structural equation models tested pathways linking low childhood SES to BMI from ages 24 to 39 years. Multiple-group modeling was used to test potential racial differences. RESULTS Analyses indicated racial differences in the pathways linking low childhood SES with adult BMI. For whites, overweight status and educational attainment were significant mediators. For Asian Americans, there was an unmediated and significant pathway between low childhood SES and low adult BMI. For African Americans, there were no significant mediated or unmediated pathways. CONCLUSIONS Results stress that the pathways that link childhood SES with adult BMI may operate differently based on race. Research is particularly needed to identify mechanisms for African Americans in order to better inform obesity prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Cambron
- University of Utah, Center for Health Outcomes and
Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Institute
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157
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van Weelden W, Wekker V, de Wit L, Limpens J, Ijäs H, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG, Roseboom TJ, van Rijn BB, DeVries JH, Painter RC. Long-Term Effects of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs During Pregnancy on Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Follow-up Studies of RCTs. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:1811-1829. [PMID: 30168045 PMCID: PMC6167305 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antidiabetic drugs (OADs) are increasingly prescribed to treat hyperglycaemia during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), even though long-term effects on offspring are unknown. This systematic review summarises the evidence of follow-up studies of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on long-term effects of prenatal exposure to OADs on offspring. METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to April 2018 for the concepts antidiabetic agents and prenatal exposure (or pregnancy and offspring/child) in combination with an RCT search filter. RCTs evaluating post-neonatal health effects in offspring and comparing maternal treatment with an OAD with no treatment, placebo, an alternative OAD or insulin during pregnancy were eligible for inclusion. Two independent researchers selected, extracted and assessed the data. Meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model and the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. RESULTS Ten studies were included, with a maximal follow-up duration of 9 years, comprising 778 children of mothers with GDM or PCOS who were randomised to either metformin or insulin/placebo during pregnancy. Meta-analysis showed that children prenatally exposed to metformin were heavier compared to controls (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.26 [95% CI 0.11-0.41]), but not taller (SMD 0.10 [95% CI -0.14-0.33]). Additionally, offspring body mass index (BMI) z scores did not differ according to metformin exposure (mean difference 0.30 [95% CI -0.01-0.61]). Individual small studies reported that prenatal exposure to metformin was associated with greater mid-upper arm, head and waist circumferences, biceps skinfolds, waist-to-height ratio, more arm fat, higher fasting glucose, ferritin and lower LDL cholesterol in offspring. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to metformin is associated with increased offspring weight, but not with height or BMI. Larger follow-up studies are needed to confirm and look into the implications of these findings. Plain language summary available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenneke van Weelden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Wekker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon de Wit
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Limpens
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilkka Ijäs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aleid G van Wassenaer-Leemhuis
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Hans DeVries
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Painter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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158
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Dietary patterns are not associated with overweight and obesity in a sample of 8900 Chinese preschool children from four cities. J Nutr Sci 2018; 7:e24. [PMID: 30258573 PMCID: PMC6151359 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2018.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of childhood obesity has substantially increased at an alarming rate. This study investigated associations between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity in 3- to 6-year-old children. Recruited children were from four prefecture-level cities in Eastern China. Childhood overweight and obesity were defined according to WHO Child Growth Standards. Individual dietary patterns were assessed by a comprehensive self-administered FFQ using thirty-five food items. Using factor analysis two dietary patterns were derived: the traditional Chinese pattern was characterised by high consumption of cereals, vegetables and fresh juices while the modern pattern was characterised by high consumption of Western fast food, Chinese fast food, sweets/sugary foods and carbonated beverages. The associations of dietary patterns with overweight/obesity were evaluated by logistic regression models. Data of 8900 preschool children from thirty-five kindergartens recruited from March to June 2015 were used in the final analysis. Adherence to the modern dietary pattern was positively associated with children's age while adherence to the traditional dietary pattern was positively associated with maternal education; these associations were statistically significant. After adjustment, we found that being in the highest tertile of any identified dietary patterns was not significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Dietary patterns are not associated with overweight/obesity in Chinese preschool children. Prospective studies are needed to establish a causal link between dietary patterns and childhood obesity.
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159
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Järbrink-Sehgal ME, Schmidt PT, Sköldberg F, Hemmingsson T, Hagström H, Andreasson A. Lifestyle Factors in Late Adolescence Associate With Later Development of Diverticular Disease Requiring Hospitalization. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:1474-1480.e1. [PMID: 29654917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The burden of diverticular disease on society is high and is increasing with an aging population. It is therefore important to identify risk factors for disease development or progression. Many lifestyle behaviors during adolescence affect risk for later disease. We searched for adolescent lifestyle factors that affect risk of diverticular disease later in life. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 43,772 men (age, 18-20 y) conscripted to military service in Sweden from 1969 through 1970, with a follow-up period of 39 years. All conscripts underwent an extensive mental and physical health examination and completed questionnaires covering alcohol consumption, smoking, and use of recreational drugs; cardiovascular fitness was assessed using an ergometer cycle at the time of conscription. Outcome data were collected from national registers to identify discharge diagnoses of diverticular disease until the end of 2009. We performed Cox regression analysis to determine whether body mass index, cardiovascular fitness, smoking, use of recreational drugs, alcohol consumption, and risky use of alcohol, at time of conscription are independent risk factors for development of diverticular disease. RESULTS Overweight and obese men had a 2-fold increased risk of diverticular disease compared to normal-weight men (hazard ratio, 2.00; P < .001). A high level of cardiovascular fitness was associated with a reduced risk of diverticular disease requiring hospitalization (P = .009). Smoking (P = .003), but not use of recreational drugs (P = .11), was associated with an increased risk of diverticular disease requiring hospitalization. Risky use of alcohol, but not alcohol consumption per se, was associated with a 43% increase in risk of diverticular disease requiring hospitalization (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS In a retrospective analysis of data from 43,772 men in Sweden, we associated being overweight or obese, a smoker, a high-risk user of alcohol, and/or having a low level of cardiovascular fitness in late adolescence with an increased risk of developing diverticular disease requiring hospitalization later in life. Improving lifestyle factors among adolescents might reduce the economic burden of diverticular disease decades later.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ellionore Järbrink-Sehgal
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Digestive Disease Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Sköldberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hemmingsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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160
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True C, Dean T, Takahashi D, Sullivan E, Kievit P. Maternal High-Fat Diet Effects on Adaptations to Metabolic Challenges in Male and Female Juvenile Nonhuman Primates. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1430-1438. [PMID: 30226008 PMCID: PMC6146409 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption in nonhuman primates alters the ability of offspring to adapt metabolically to nutrient and caloric challenges. METHODS Offspring from Japanese macaque dams fed either a control (CTR) diet or HFD were weaned onto a CTR diet creating two groups: maternal HFD (mHFD, n = 18) and maternal CTR (mCTR) diet (n = 12). Male and female offspring were exposed to a 5-day 30% calorie restriction and to a 35-day HFD challenge (HFDC), at 16 and 24 months of age, respectively. Caloric intake, body weight, and energy expenditure were measured. RESULTS Offspring from both groups showed similar body weight, food intake, and metabolic adaptations to a 5-day calorie restriction. mHFD offspring demonstrated increased food intake and early weight gain in response to a 35-day HFDC; however, group differences in weight dissipated during the challenge. Unlike mCTR animals, the mHFD group had a significant increase in fasting insulin after acute HFD exposure. CONCLUSIONS The current findings indicate that offspring exposed to an mHFD show metabolic adaptations to calorie restriction that are largely similar to those of offspring exposed to a mCTR diet but show delayed adaptation upon exposure to an acute HFDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cadence True
- Cardiometabolic Health Division, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton OR
| | - Tyler Dean
- Cardiometabolic Health Division, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton OR
| | - Diana Takahashi
- Cardiometabolic Health Division, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton OR
| | - Elinor Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton OR and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene OR
| | - Paul Kievit
- Cardiometabolic Health Division, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton OR
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Malandrino N, Capristo E, Taveira TH, Mingrone G, Wu WC. Cognitive Function in Individuals with Normal Weight Obesity: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 65:125-135. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Malandrino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Esmeralda Capristo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Tracey H. Taveira
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Support, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
- University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Cardiac Fitness, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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162
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Paul IM, Savage JS, Anzman-Frasca S, Marini ME, Beiler JS, Hess LB, Loken E, Birch LL. Effect of a Responsive Parenting Educational Intervention on Childhood Weight Outcomes at 3 Years of Age: The INSIGHT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018; 320:461-468. [PMID: 30088009 PMCID: PMC6142990 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.9432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Rapid growth and elevated weight status in early childhood increase risk for later obesity, but interventions that improve growth trajectories are lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine effects of a responsive parenting intervention designed to promote developmentally appropriate, prompt, and contingent responses to a child's needs on weight outcomes at 3 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A single-center randomized clinical trial comparing a responsive parenting intervention designed to prevent childhood obesity vs a home safety intervention (control) among 279 primiparous mother-child dyads (responsive parenting group, 140; control group, 139) who enrolled and completed the first home visit from January 2012 through March 2014 with follow-up to age 3 years (completed by April 2017). INTERVENTIONS Research nurses conducted 4 home visits during infancy and annual research center visits. The responsive parenting curriculum focused on feeding, sleep, interactive play, and emotion regulation. The control curriculum focused on safety. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) z score at 3 years (z score of 0 represents the population mean; 1 and -1 represent 1 SD above and below the mean, respectively). BMI percentile at 3 years was designated previously as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile and <95th percentile) and obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) at 3 years. RESULTS Among 291 mother-child dyads randomized, 279 received the first home visit and were included in the primary analysis. 232 mother-child dyads (83.2%) completed the 3-year trial. Mean age of the mothers was 28.7 years; 86% were white and 86% were privately insured. At age 3 years, children in the responsive parenting group had a lower mean BMI z score (-0.13 in the responsive parenting group vs 0.15 in the control group; absolute difference, -0.28 [95% CI, -0.53 to -0.01]; P = .04). Mean BMI percentiles did not differ significantly (47th in the responsive parenting group vs 54th in the control group; reduction in mean BMI percentiles of 6.9 percentile points [95% CI, -14.5 to 0.6]; P = .07). Of 116 children in the responsive parenting group, 13 (11.2%) were overweight vs 23 (19.8%) of 116 children in the control group (absolute difference, -8.6% [95% CI, -17.9% to 0.0%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.25 to 1.06]; P = .07); 3 children (2.6%) in the responsive parenting group were obese vs 9 children (7.8%) in the control group (absolute difference, -5.2% [95% CI, -10.8% to 0.0%]; OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.08 to 1.20]; P = .09). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among primiparous mother-child dyads, a responsive parenting intervention initiated in early infancy compared with a control intervention resulted in a modest reduction in BMI z scores at age 3 years, but no significant difference in BMI percentile. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effect of the intervention and assess its efficacy in other settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01167270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | | | - Michele E. Marini
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Jessica S. Beiler
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Eric Loken
- Department of Education Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Leann L. Birch
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens
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163
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Kværner AS, Hang D, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC, Chan AT, Song M. Trajectories of body fatness from age 5 to 60 y and plasma biomarker concentrations of the insulin-insulin-like growth factor system. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:388-397. [PMID: 30101328 PMCID: PMC6669326 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major pathway through which obesity increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and cancer is by inducing hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, including hyperinsulinemia and altered insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling. However, little is known about the influence of lifetime adiposity on the relevant biomarkers. Objective The aim of this study was to examine associations of trajectories of body fatness with plasma biomarker concentrations of the insulin-IGF system in 2 large prospective cohorts of US men and women. Design Associations between trajectories of body fatness and concentrations of plasma C-peptide, IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) 1, IGFBP-3, and the IGF-I-to-IGFBP-3 molar ratio was examined in 9386 women of the Nurses' Health Study and 3941 men of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to create trajectory groups on the basis of self-reported somatotype data at ages 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 y and body mass index (BMI) at ages 45, 50, 55, and 60 y. We used multivariate linear regression models to examine the associations of trajectories with biomarker concentrations. Results Five trajectories of body fatness were identified: "lean-stable," "lean-moderate increase," "lean-marked increase," "medium-stable/increase," and "medium-marked increase." Compared with the lean-stable group, the lean-marked increase and medium-marked increase groups had significantly higher concentrations of C-peptide (percentage difference-women: 44% and 73%; men: 27% and 51%) and lower concentrations of IGFBP-1 (women: -61% and -78%; men: -47% and -65%). Adjustment for current BMI attenuated the association to null for the medium-marked increase group, but the lean-marked increase group still had modestly higher concentrations of C-peptide (women: 10%; men: 6%) and lower concentrations of IGFBP-1 (women: -18%; men: -21%) than the lean-stable group. Conclusions Adiposity across the life span was associated with higher C-peptide and lower IGFBP-1 concentrations in adulthood. The associations were largely driven by attained adiposity and, to a lesser extent, weight gain in early-middle adulthood. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03419455.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane S Kværner
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Disease-Related Malnutrition, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Dong Hang
- Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Nutrition and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to MS (e-mail: )
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164
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Ahmad A, Zulaily N, Shahril MR, Syed Abdullah EFH, Ahmed A. Association between socioeconomic status and obesity among 12-year-old Malaysian adolescents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200577. [PMID: 30044842 PMCID: PMC6059452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of obesity in developed countries is commonly associated with poor dietary habit and sedentary lifestyle. However, other determinants, including education background and family income, may contribute towards the problem especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on obesity among 12-year-old school adolescents in Terengganu, Malaysia. Body weight and height were measured and BMI was categorised based on WHO z-score cut-off points. Information was obtained from self-reported questionnaire on parents' education background, family income and occupation. A total of 3,798 school adolescents aged 12 years (44% boys and 56% girls) were recruited. There was no significant difference in BMI status between boys and girls, or between rural and urban participants. There were significant differences between BMI categories and gender, household income and SES level within rural areas. In the urban areas, significant differences were found between BMI categories and gender, parents' occupational and educational level, household income and size, and SES level. A logistic regression model found several SES factors to be predictors of obesity in this population, namely, gender, household size, father's occupation level, household income level and SES level. Each component of SES has been significantly associated with the BMI category of school adolescents, particularly in the urban areas. This suggests the requirement of multifaceted approaches, including the role of family, society and authorities, in the effort to curtail adolescent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryati Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurzaime Zulaily
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Razif Shahril
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Amran Ahmed
- Institute of Engineering Mathematics, Pauh Putra Campus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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165
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Gregori D, Hochdorn A, Azzolina D, Berchialla P, Lorenzoni G. Does Love Really Make Mothers Blind? A Large Transcontinental Study on Mothers' Awareness About Their Children's Weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1211-1224. [PMID: 29932519 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess maternal misperception rates (perception as normal or underweight of a child with overweight or obesity) and their role in affecting the chance of implementing actions to change children's weight. METHODS Obesogeneicity of Gadgets Marketed with Snacks (OBEY-AD) is an international study investigating factors promoting childhood overweight and obesity in 10 countries, in which 2,720 child-mother dyads have been enrolled. Mothers' perception of their children's weight was assessed using a projective test. Children's weight status was measured according to the anthropometric standards established by the World Health Organization. RESULTS Mothers classified 89% of children with overweight and 52% of children with obesity as normal weight. The odds ratio of mothers' misperception was significantly higher for higher parental BMI, higher children's International Brand Awareness Inventory score, and high family socioeconomic status. Children with overweight and/or obesity who were perceived as normal weight by their mothers were less likely to be referred to specific health care services. CONCLUSIONS Most children with overweight and/or obesity were perceived as normal weight by their mothers. Such lack of concern regarding a severe disease might interfere with the effectiveness of prevention programs. Considering the contextual factors that frame the etiological causes of a disease may help in finding effective and enduring solutions to target childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Alexander Hochdorn
- Department of Social, Work and Organisational Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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166
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Ladhani S, Empringham B, Wang KW, Portwine C, Banfield L, de Souza RJ, Thabane L, Samaan MC. Overweight and obesity management strategies in survivors of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022530. [PMID: 29934396 PMCID: PMC6020978 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common paediatric cancer. Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (SALL) are at risk of obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular events. Therefore, it is important to address obesity in this population as this may help mitigate future cardiometabolic comorbidities. In this systematic review, we aim to assess current treatment strategies including lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery to manage overweight and obesity in SALL. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will search the following databases for primary studies: CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. In addition, unpublished primary studies will be searched in ClinicalTrials.gov as well as conference proceedings, presentations, abstracts, editorials and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I. Reviewers will perform title, abstract, and full-text screening as well as data abstraction and risk of bias assessment independently with a third reviewer to be consulted to resolve disagreements. Searches will be run and updated through May 1st, 2018. The overall quality of the evidence will be determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria for each outcome. A meta-analysis will be performed if two studies deploying similar interventions, populations, and design and outcomes are identified. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As individual patient data will not be included, we do not require ethics approval. This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016051031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Ladhani
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brianna Empringham
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuan-Wen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Constantine Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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167
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Nobari TZ, Whaley SE, Prelip ML, Crespi CM, Wang MC. Trends in Socioeconomic Disparities in Obesity Prevalence among Low-Income Children Aged 2-4 Years in Los Angeles County, 2003-2014. Child Obes 2018; 14:248-258. [PMID: 29741920 PMCID: PMC6001382 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity prevalence among low-income preschool-aged children in the United States decreased between 2010 and 2014. However, this decreasing trend may be varied across socioeconomic subgroups. This study examined trends in obesity prevalence among low-income children from 2003 to 2014 by child's age and household and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS This study used administrative data for all children, aged 2-4 years, participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Los Angeles County (LAC) during the years 2003-2014. Obesity was defined as having a BMI ≥95th percentile of CDC's age- and sex-specific growth charts. Household income and household educational attainment were indicators of household SES. Neighborhood median household income was an indicator of neighborhood SES. RESULTS Childhood obesity prevalence increased sharply from 15.7% in 2003 to 19.1% in 2005, and remained constant until 2010, when it started decreasing. During most years, the prevalence of obesity was higher among the lowest SES groups. Despite the recent decreasing trend, the 2014 estimates were still generally higher than the 2003 levels except among some low-income children living in less-poor and more-educated households. CONCLUSIONS The decreasing trend between 2010 and 2014 among WIC-participating children in LAC is encouraging and mirrors national trends among WIC-participating children. However, continued efforts should be made to focus obesity prevention efforts on low-income children, especially those who are the most vulnerable as they have experienced significant gains in obesity since 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabashir Z. Nobari
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA.,Public Health Foundation Enterprises WIC Program, Irwindale, CA
| | | | - Michael L. Prelip
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine M. Crespi
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - May C. Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
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168
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Berggren S, Roswall J, Alm B, Bergman S, Dahlgren J, Almquist-Tangen G. Parents with overweight children two and five years of age did not perceive them as weighing too much. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1060-1064. [PMID: 29210112 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examined whether the parents of children who were overweight at two and five years of age perceived their children as being too heavy and related the findings to sociodemographic factors. METHODS The data collection included parental questionnaires and anthropometric data from a longitudinal birth cohort of 2666 children born in the south-west region of Sweden in 2007-2008. RESULTS We found that 14.9 and 11.8% of the children were considered overweight or obese at the age of two and five, but 96.4 and 87.1% of their parents perceived their weight to be just about right at these ages. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Parents who were overweight themselves and had a low educational level were associated with a higher probability of misperception: at two years of age, the odds ratio was 2.75 (95% confidence interval 1.80-4.21), and at the age of five, it was 1.92 (1.24-2.97). CONCLUSION Most parents did not perceive that their overweight children weighed too much, but their judgement improved as the child got older. Parents who were overweight or had a low educational level were more likely to misperceive their child's weight. Health Care professionals need to be aware of this gap in perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Berggren
- Department of Paediatrics; Halland Hospital Halmstad; Halmstad Sweden
| | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Paediatrics; Halland Hospital Halmstad; Halmstad Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bernt Alm
- Department of Paediatrics; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Child Health Care Unit; Region Halland Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Primary Health Care Unit; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine; Institute of Medicine; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Research and Development Centre Spenshult; Halmstad Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Paediatrics; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Gerd Almquist-Tangen
- Department of Paediatrics; Institute of Clinical Sciences; Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Child Health Care Unit; Region Halland Sweden
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169
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Lee B, Jeong S, Roh M. Association between body mass index and health outcomes among adolescents: the mediating role of traditional and cyber bullying victimization. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:674. [PMID: 29848300 PMCID: PMC5977749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-documented that obese children and adolescents tend to experience a variety of negative physical and psychological health consequences. Despite the association between obesity and physical and psychological well-being, few studies have examined the role of off-line and on-line forms of bullying victimization in this link. The main objective of the current study is to investigate the direct and mediating effects of traditional and cyber bullying victimization in explaining the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and physical/psychological distress. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 10,160 school children (mean age = 12.95 ± 1.75) were collected from the 2009 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Data were collected on body mass index, physical and psychological health, bullying victimization experience, and demographic information. A seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) was employed to assess and compare the indirect effects in multiple mediation models. RESULTS While a significant direct association was found between BMI and both physical and psychological health, the indirect effect of BMI on physical distress was significant only via traditional bullying victimization. Both forms of bullying victimization had a mediating impact between BMI and psychological distress. However, the indirect effect on psychological distress was manifested through a negative mediating role of cyberbullying victimization. The negative relation between cyberbullying victimization and psychological distress warrants further exploration. CONCLUSIONS Obesity represents a serious risk to adolescent health and well-being, both physically and psychologically. If becoming a victim of traditional bullying mediates (specifically exacerbates) the level of physical and psychological distress among obese and overweight adolescents, health professionals need to focus on raising awareness of the importance of weight-based victimization for children and adolescents with obesity. School administrators and teachers could increase the efforts to identify school-age children who are stigmatized for their weight and recommend coping strategies for distressed victims of traditional and cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Lee
- Central Connecticut State University, 1615 Stanley Street, New Britain, CT, USA
| | - Seokjin Jeong
- University of Texas at Arlington, 701 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Myunghoon Roh
- Texas A&M University - San Antonio, One University way, San Antonio, TX 78224 USA
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170
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Quick V, Martin-Biggers J, Povis GA, Worobey J, Hongu N, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Long-term follow-up effects of the HomeStyles randomized controlled trial in families with preschool children on social cognitive theory constructs associated with physical activity cognitions and behaviors. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 68:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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171
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Butler ÉM, Derraik JGB, Taylor RW, Cutfield WS. Childhood obesity: how long should we wait to predict weight? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:497-501. [PMID: 29668465 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is highly prevalent in children under the age of 5 years, although its identification in infants under 2 years remains difficult. Several clinical prediction models have been developed for obesity risk in early childhood, using a number of different predictors. The predictive capacity (sensitivity and specificity) of these models varies greatly, and there is no agreed risk threshold for the prediction of early childhood obesity. Of the existing models, only two have been practically utilized, but neither have been particularly successful. This commentary suggests how future research may successfully utilize existing early childhood obesity prediction models for intervention. We also consider the need for such models, and how targeted obesity intervention may be more effective than population-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éadaoin M Butler
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G B Derraik
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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172
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Quick V. Clustering of Obesity-Related Risk Behaviors Among Families With Preschool Children Using a Socioecological Approach: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2018; 1:e10320. [PMID: 31518289 PMCID: PMC6716486 DOI: 10.2196/10320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited attention has been given to assessing home environments of parents with preschool-aged children using a socioecological approach to better understand potential influencers of obesity risk. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the clustering of obesity-related risk behaviors among mothers with preschool children. METHODS Mothers with preschool-aged children (ages 2 to 5 years) who participated in the online Home Obesogenic Measure of Environments (HOMES) survey were examined in clustering of four healthy recommended behaviors (ie, mother's fruit and vegetable intake ≥5 per day, sedentary screen time <4 hours per day, sugar-sweetened beverage intake <1 time/day, and increased physical activity level). Frequencies and percents of the clustering variables were conducted along with Spearman rank order correlations to determine significant associations. Ward's method with squared Euclidean distances were performed for the cluster analysis using the four standardized continuous variables. Identification of total cluster number was determined by visually inspecting the dendogram. Sociodemographic, intrapersonal, social environment, and home physical environment characteristic differences between cluster groups were further examined by independent t tests and chi-square analysis to validate findings. RESULTS Of the 496 participants (72.6%, 360/496 white; age mean 32.36, SD 5.68 years), only a third (37.1%, 184/496) consumed five or more servings of fruits/vegetables daily, had low sedentary screen time of <4 hours/day, and reported moderate to high levels of physical activity (34.1%, 169/496). More than half (57.7%, 286/496) consumed <1 sugar-sweetened beverage serving daily. A positive correlation (r=.34, P<.001) between physical activity level and fruit/vegetable intake (≥5 servings/day), and a positive correlation (r=.15, P=.001) between low sedentary screen time (<4 hours/day) and low sugar-sweetened beverage intake (<1 serving/day) were found. Ward's hierarchical analysis revealed a two-cluster solution: less healthy/inactive moms (n=280) and health conscious/active moms (n=216). Health conscious/active moms were significantly (P<.010) likely to be more physically active, have lower sedentary screen time, lower daily intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, and greater daily intake of fruits and vegetables compared to less healthy/inactive moms. Less healthy/inactive moms were significantly more likely to have a higher body mass index and waist circumference compared to the other cluster; however, there were no significant sociodemographic differences. There were many intrapersonal (eg, importance of physical activity for child and self) and home physical environment (eg, home availability of fruits/vegetables and salty/fatty snacks) characteristic differences between clusters, but few significant differences emerged for social environment characteristics (eg, family meals, family cohesion). CONCLUSIONS Findings may have implications in tailoring future obesity prevention interventions among families with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Quick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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173
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Engel AC, Broderick CR, van Doorn N, Hardy LL, Parmenter BJ. Exploring the Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Interventions and Physical Activity Levels in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2018; 48:1845-1857. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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174
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Tang A, Ji M, Zhang Y, Zou J, Li M, Yang L, Lin Q. Dietary Behaviors and Caregiver Perceptions of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Preschool Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040716. [PMID: 29641437 PMCID: PMC5923758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Early childhood obesity in China has become a pressing public health concern. A substantial barrier to healthy weight management is poor parental recognition of child overweight. This study examined the relationship between caregiver perceptions of child weight and dietary practices. Methods: A total of 364 children between 2 and 6 years old from six urban preschools in Changsha (China) were included in a cross-sectional study. Information on household demographics, health behaviors, and caregiver attitudes was collected through a self-administered caregiver questionnaire. Chi-squared tests, t-tests, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between caregiver perceptions, dietary behaviors, and child weight status. Results: Over 60% of caregivers with overweight/obese children underestimated their children's weight status. These caregivers were less likely to worry about weight and restrict their children's dietary intakes. Children of caregivers who incorrectly classified their weights were also more likely to have a poor appetite. Caregivers of male children and those from families with incomes between 7000 and 11,000 Ren Min Bi (RMB) were more likely to underestimate weight compared to caregivers with daughters and those from higher income households. Conclusions: Although accurate weight perception may be important for motivating healthy behavioral changes, it may also lead to greater restriction of children's diets, which has been linked to long-term weight gain. Interventions to improve awareness of child overweight should be coupled with efforts that teach caregivers about healthy weight management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Meimei Ji
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yefu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zou
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd., Changsha 410078, China.
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175
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Caldwell K, Fields S, Lench HC, Lazerus T. Prompts to regulate emotions improve the impact of health messages on eating intentions and behavior. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-9666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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176
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Nakagawa Y, Nakanishi T, Satake E, Matsushita R, Saegusa H, Kubota A, Natsume H, Shibata Y, Fujisawa Y. Postnatal BMI changes in children with different birthweights: A trial study for detecting early predictive factors for pediatric obesity. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 27:19-29. [PMID: 29403153 PMCID: PMC5792818 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.27.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the degree of early postnatal growth by birthweight and detect early predictive factors for pediatric obesity. Body mass index (BMI) and degree of obesity were examined in children in the fourth year of elementary school and second year of junior high school. Their BMI at birth and three years of age were also examined. Based on birthweight, participants were divided into three groups: low (< 2500 g), middle (2500-3500 g), and high (> 3500 g). Furthermore, according to the degree of obesity, they were divided into two groups: obese (20% ≤) and non-obese (20% >). The change of BMI from birth to three years of age (ΔBMI) showed a strong inverse relationship with birthweight and was significantly different among the three birthweight groups (low > middle > high). The ΔBMI and BMI at three years of age were higher in obese than in non-obese children and showed significant positive correlations with the degree of obesity. Early postnatal growth might be determined by birthweight and was higher in obese than in non-obese children. The ΔBMI from birth to three years of age and BMI at age of three years could be predictive factors for pediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Shiraume Toyooka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Satake
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Rie Matsushita
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kikugawa General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Saegusa
- Department of Pediatrics, Enshu General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Chutoen General Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromune Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosai General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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177
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Abstract
Objective The present study tested the association between both mothers’ and offspring’s intelligence and offspring’s body mass index (BMI) in youth. Method Participants were members of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY-79) Children and Young Adults cohort (n = 11,512) and their biological mothers who were members of the NLSY-79 (n = 4932). Offspring’s IQ was measured with the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT). Mothers’ IQ was measured with the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT). A series of regression analyses tested the association between IQ and offspring’s BMI by age group, while adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI and family SES. The analyses were stratified by sex and ethnicity (non-Black and non-Hispanic, Black, and Hispanic). Results The following associations were observed in the fully adjusted analyses. For the non-Blacks and non-Hispanics, a SD increment in mothers’ IQ was negatively associated with daughters’ BMI across all age-groups, ranging from β = −0.12 (95% CI −0.22 to −0.02, p = 0.021) in late childhood, to β = −0.17 (95% C.I. −0.27 to −0.07, p = 0001), in early adolescence and a SD increment in boys’ IQ was positively associated with their BMI in early adolescence β = 0.09 (95% CI 0.01–0.18, p = 0.031). For Blacks, there was a non-linear relationship between mothers’ IQ and daughters’ BMI across childhood and between girls’ IQ and BMI across adolescence. There was a positive association between mothers’ IQ and sons’ BMI in early adolescence (β = 0.17, 95% CI 0.02–0.32, p = 0.030). For Hispanic boys, there was a positive IQ-BMI association in late childhood (β = 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.33, p = 0.008) and early adolescence (β = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.31, p = 0.014). Conclusion Mothers’ IQ and offspring’s IQ were associated with offspring’s BMI. The relationships varied in direction and strength across ethnicity, age group and sex. Obesity interventions may benefit from acknowledging the heterogeneous influence that intelligence has on childhood BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wraw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, SCT, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, SCT, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Geoff Der
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow, G2 3QB, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, SCT, EH8 9JZ, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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178
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Wang KW, de Souza RJ, Fleming A, Johnston DL, Zelcer SM, Rassekh SR, Burrow S, Thabane L, Samaan MC. Birth weight and body mass index z-score in childhood brain tumors: A cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1642. [PMID: 29374278 PMCID: PMC5786044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with brain tumors (CBT) are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes compared to the general population, in which birth weight is a risk factor for these diseases. However, this is not known in CBT. The primary aim of this study was to explore the association between birth weight and body mass measures in CBT, compared to non-cancer controls. This is a secondary data analysis using cross-sectional data from the CanDECIDE study (n = 78 CBT and n = 133 non-cancer controls). Age, sex, and birth weight (grams) were self-reported, and confirmed through examination of the medical records. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measures and reported as kg/m2. BMI z-scores were obtained for subjects under the age of 20 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between birth weight and BMI and BMI z-score, adjusted for age, sex, puberty, and fat mass percentage. Higher birth weight was associated with higher BMI and BMI z-score among CBT and controls. In conclusion, birth weight is a risk factor for higher body mass during childhood in CBT, and this may help the identification of children at risk of future obesity and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Fleming
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayna M Zelcer
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahrad Rod Rassekh
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Burrow
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare-Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Constantine Samaan
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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179
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Narang I, McCrindle BW, Manlhiot C, Lu Z, Al-Saleh S, Birken CS, Hamilton J. Intermittent nocturnal hypoxia and metabolic risk in obese adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2018; 22:1037-1044. [PMID: 29357088 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is conflicting data regarding the independent associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with metabolic risk in obese youth. Previous studies have not consistently addressed central adiposity, specifically elevated waist to height ratio (WHtR), which is associated with metabolic risk independent of body mass index. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the independent effects of the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) and associated indices of nocturnal hypoxia on metabolic function in obese youth after adjusting for WHtR. METHODS Subjects had standardized anthropometric measurements. Fasting blood included insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, alanine transferase, and aspartate transaminase. Insulin resistance was quantified with the homeostatic model assessment. Overnight polysomnography determined the OAHI and nocturnal oxygenation indices. RESULTS Of the 75 recruited subjects, 23% were diagnosed with OSA. Adjusting for age, gender, and WHtR in multivariable linear regression models, a higher oxygen desaturation index was associated with a higher fasting insulin (coefficient [standard error] = 48.076 [11.255], p < 0.001), higher glycated hemoglobin (coefficient [standard error] = 0.097 [0.041], p = 0.02), higher insulin resistance (coefficient [standard error] = 1.516 [0.364], p < 0.001), elevated alanine transferase (coefficient [standard error] = 11.631 [2.770], p < 0.001), and aspartate transaminase (coefficient [standard error] = 4.880 [1.444], p = 0.001). However, there were no significant associations between OAHI, glucose metabolism, and liver enzymes. CONCLUSION Intermittent nocturnal hypoxia rather than the OAHI was associated with metabolic risk in obese youth after adjusting for WHtR. Measures of abdominal adiposity such as WHtR should be considered in future studies that evaluate the impact of OSA on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Narang
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brian W McCrindle
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cedric Manlhiot
- The Cardiovascular Data Management Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zihang Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suhail Al-Saleh
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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180
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Carsley S, Liang LY, Chen Y, Parkin P, Maguire J, Birken CS. The impact of daycare attendance on outdoor free play in young children. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 39:145-152. [PMID: 26860698 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outdoor free play is important for healthy growth and development in early childhood. Recent studies suggest that the majority of time spent in daycare is sedentary. The objective of this study was to determine whether there was an association between daycare attendance and parent-reported outdoor free play. Methods Healthy children aged 1-5 years recruited to The Applied Research Group for Kids! (TARGet Kids!), a primary care research network, were included. Parents reported daycare use, outdoor free play and potential confounding variables. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine the association between daycare attendance and outdoor free play, adjusted for age, sex, maternal ethnicity, maternal education, neighborhood income and season. Results There were 2810 children included in this study. Children aged 1 to <3 years (n = 1388) and ≥3 to 5 years (n = 1284) who attended daycare had 14.70 min less (95% CI -20.52, -8.87; P < 0.01) and 9.44 min less (95% CI -13.67, -5.20; P < 0.01) per day of outdoor free play compared with children who did not attend daycare, respectively. Conclusions Children who spend more time in daycare have less parent-reported outdoor free play. Parents may be relying on daycare to provide opportunity for outdoor free play and interventions to promote increased active play opportunities outside of daycare are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carsley
- Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 0A4.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M6
| | - L Y Liang
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8S 4L8
| | - Y Chen
- The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5B 1M8
| | - P Parkin
- Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 0A4.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M6.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - J Maguire
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M6.,The Applied Health Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 1M8.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, 2nd Floor St. Michael's Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada M5C 2T2
| | - C S Birken
- Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 0A4.,Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M6.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
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181
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Fradkin C, Valentini NC, Nobre GC, Dos Santos JOL. Obesity and Overweight Among Brazilian Early Adolescents: Variability Across Region, Socioeconomic Status, and Gender. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:81. [PMID: 29682495 PMCID: PMC5897517 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As with most emerging nations, Brazil lacks up-to-date data on the prevalence of obesity and overweight among its children. Of particular concern is the lack of data on children in early adolescence, considered by many to be the crucial stage for weight-related healthcare. OBJECTIVE To assess regional, socioeconomic, and gender differences in the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Brazilian early adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a racially diverse sample of students aged 10-13 years, from schools in three geographic regions (north, northeast, south) (N = 1,738). Data on gender, age, race, socioeconomic status (SES), weight, and height were obtained. Weight class was calculated from age- and gender-adjusted body mass index, based on children's weight and height. Bivariate and multivariable analyses, with post hoc tests, were conducted to estimate differences between groups and were corrected for multiple comparisons. Procedures were approved by institutional review boards at study sites. RESULTS Analyses revealed a higher prevalence of obesity and/or overweight among: (1) children of higher SES; (2) children in southern Brazil; (3) males; and (4) Black females. CONCLUSION The most salient predictor of weight risk among Brazilian early adolescents is higher SES. This finding is consistent with previous findings of an inverse social gradient, in weight risk, among emerging-nation population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fradkin
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Nadia C Valentini
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Glauber C Nobre
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil
| | - João O L Dos Santos
- School of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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182
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Stark LJ, Filigno SS, Bolling C, Ratcliff MB, Kichler JC, Robson SM, Simon SL, McCullough MB, Clifford LM, Stough CO, Zion C, Ittenbach RF. Clinic and Home-Based Behavioral Intervention for Obesity in Preschoolers: A Randomized Trial. J Pediatr 2018; 192:115-121.e1. [PMID: 29150147 PMCID: PMC5732872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that an innovative skills-based behavioral family clinic and home-based intervention (LAUNCH) would reduce body mass index z score (BMIz) compared with motivational interviewing and to standard care in preschool-aged children with obesity. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with children between the ages of 2 and 5 years above the 95th percentile for body mass index for age and sex recruited from 27 pediatrician offices across 10 recruitment cycles between March 12, 2012 and June 8, 2015. Children were randomized to LAUNCH (an 18-session clinic and home-based behavioral intervention), motivational interviewing (delivered at the same frequency as LAUNCH), or standard care (no formal intervention). Weight and height were measured by assessors blinded to participant assignment. The primary outcome, BMIz at month 6 after adjusting for baseline BMIz, was tested separately comparing LAUNCH with motivational interviewing and LAUNCH with standard care using regression-based analysis of covariance models. RESULTS A total of 151 of the 167 children randomized met intent-to-treat criteria and 92% completed the study. Children were 76% White and 57% female, with an average age of 55 months and BMI percentile of 98.57, with no demographic differences between the groups. LAUNCH participants demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in BMIz (mean = -0.32, SD = ±0.33) compared with motivational interviewing (mean = -0.05, SD = ±0.27), P < .001, ω2 = 0.74 and compared with standard care (mean = -0.13, SD = ±0.31), P < .004, ω2 = 0.75. CONCLUSIONS In preschool-age children, an intensive 6-month behavioral skills-based intervention is necessary to reduce obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01546727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori J. Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stephanie Spear Filigno
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | - Jessica C. Kichler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Shannon M. Robson
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Stacey L. Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Mary Beth McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Lisa M. Clifford
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Cynthia Zion
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Richard F. Ittenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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183
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Goldschmidt AB, Wall MM, Choo THJ, Evans EW, Jelalian E, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Fifteen-year Weight and Disordered Eating Patterns Among Community-based Adolescents. Am J Prev Med 2018; 54:e21-e29. [PMID: 29132950 PMCID: PMC5736404 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study aims to characterize weight-change trajectories and their concomitant associations with prospectively measured dieting and other disordered eating behaviors among initially nonoverweight adolescents during the transition to adulthood. METHODS A population-based sample (n=1,091) self-reported their height/weight, dieting, unhealthy weight-control behaviors, and binge eating at 5-year intervals between 1998/1999 and 2013/2014, spanning early/middle adolescence through middle/late young adulthood. Data were analyzed in 2016/2017. RESULTS Groups were categorized as those who were never overweight (n=562), were overweight during at least one measurement point and gained weight more rapidly (n=246) or gradually (n=238) than their peers, or were overweight during at least one measurement point but returned to nonoverweight status by middle/late young adulthood (n=45). Thus, nearly half of adolescents became overweight during the transition to adulthood. Those who were never overweight had the lowest rates of dieting (males: F[9, 1,314]=2.54, p=0.0069, females: F[9, 1,927]=3.02, p=0.0014) and unhealthy weight-control behaviors (males: F[9, 1,313]=3.30, p=0.0005, females: F[9, 1,927]=3.02, p=0.0014), whereas some of these behaviors tended to track with weight gain in rapid and gradual weight gainers. CONCLUSIONS Although adolescents who are already overweight are most frequently targeted for weight-gain prevention and early intervention programs, results suggest that healthy lifestyle interventions could also benefit individuals who may be perceived as low risk for overweight in adulthood by nature of being nonoverweight in adolescence. Dieting and unhealthy weight-control behaviors tended to be associated with weight gain, suggesting that they are ineffective in addition to being potentially harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Melanie M Wall
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tse-Hwei J Choo
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - E Whitney Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital/Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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184
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Buscot MJ, Thomson RJ, Juonala M, Sabin MA, Burgner DP, Lehtimäki T, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari JSA, Jokinen E, Tossavainen P, Laitinen T, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG. BMI Trajectories Associated With Resolution of Elevated Youth BMI and Incident Adult Obesity. Pediatrics 2018; 141:peds.2017-2003. [PMID: 29259077 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Youth with high BMI who become nonobese adults have the same cardiovascular risk factor burden as those who were never obese. However, the early-life BMI trajectories for overweight or obese youth who avoid becoming obese adults have not been described. We aimed to determine and compare the young-childhood BMI trajectories of participants according to their BMI status in youth and adulthood. METHODS Bayesian hierarchical piecewise regression modeling was used to analyze the BMI trajectories of 2717 young adults who had up to 8 measures of BMI from childhood (ages 3-18 years) to adulthood (ages 34-49 years). RESULTS Compared with those with persistently high BMI, those who resolved their high youth BMI by adulthood had lower average BMI at age 6 years and slower rates of BMI change from young childhood. In addition, their BMI levels started to plateau at 16 years old for females and 21 years old for males, whereas the BMI of those whose high BMI persisted did not stabilize until 25 years old for male subjects and 27 years for female subjects. Compared with those youth who were not overweight or obese and who remained nonobese in adulthood, those who developed obesity had a higher BMI rate of change from 6 years old, and their BMI continued to increase linearly until age 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to alter BMI trajectories for adult obesity should ideally commence before age 6 years. The natural resolution of high BMI starts in adolescence for males and early adulthood for females, suggesting a critical window for secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Jeanne Buscot
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;
| | - Russell J Thomson
- Centre for Research in Mathematics, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and.,Departments of Medicine and.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Tampere, Finland.,Departments of Clinical Chemistry and
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Eero Jokinen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; and
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and
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185
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The impact of sleep disordered breathing on cardiovascular health in overweight children. Sleep Med 2018; 41:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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186
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Burdette AM, Needham BL, Taylor MG, Hill TD. Health Lifestyles in Adolescence and Self-rated Health into Adulthood. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 58:520-536. [PMID: 29172769 DOI: 10.1177/0022146517735313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Do health behaviors cluster together as health lifestyles in adolescence? Are these lifestyles socially patterned? Do these lifestyles impact physical health into adulthood? To answer these questions, we employed data from Waves 1 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( n = 7,827). Our latent class analysis revealed four health lifestyles: (a) low risk, (b) moderate risk with substance use, (c) moderate risk with inactivity, and (d) high risk. As suggested by health lifestyle theory, membership in these classes varied according to gender, race-ethnicity, and family structure. Consistent with the life course perspective, regression analyses indicated that those in the high-risk lifestyle tend to exhibit worse health in adolescence and adulthood than those in the low-risk lifestyle. Our findings confirm that socially patterned lifestyles can be observed in adolescence, and these lifestyles are potentially important for understanding the distribution of physical health across the early life course.
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187
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Carpenter LR, Smith TM, Stern K, Boyd LWM, Rasmussen CG, Schaffer K, Shuell J, Broussard K, Yaroch AL. Meals for Good: An innovative community project to provide healthy meals to children in early care and education programs through food bank catering. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:210-214. [PMID: 29159015 PMCID: PMC5681331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative approaches to childhood obesity prevention are warranted in early care and education (ECE) settings, since intervening early among youth is recommended to promote and maintain healthy behaviors. The objective of the Meals for Good pilot was to explore feasibility of implementing a food bank-based catering model to ECE programs to provide more nutritious meals, compared to meals brought from home (a parent-prepared model). In 2014-2015, a 12-month project was implemented by a food bank in central Florida in four privately-owned ECE programs. An explanatory sequential design of a mixed-methods evaluation approach was utilized, including a pre-post menu analysis comparing parent-prepared meals to the catered meals, and stakeholder interviews to determine benefits and barriers. The menu analysis of lunches showed daily reductions in calories, fat, and saturated fat, but an increase in sodium in catered meals when compared to parent-prepared meals. Interviews with ECE directors, teachers, parents, and food bank project staff, identified several benefits of the catered meals, including healthfulness of meals, convenience to parents, and the ECE program's ability to market this meal service. Barriers of the catered meals included the increased cost to parents, transportation and delivery logistics, and change from a 5 to a 2-week menu cycle during summer food service. This pilot demonstrated potential feasibility of a food bank-ECE program partnership, by capitalizing on the food bank's existing facilities and culinary programming, and interest in implementing strategies focused on younger children. The food bank has since leveraged lessons learned and expanded to additional ECE programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R. Carpenter
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68114, United States
| | - Teresa M. Smith
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68114, United States
| | - Katherine Stern
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68114, United States
| | | | - Cristy Geno Rasmussen
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68114, United States
| | - Kelly Schaffer
- Nemours National Office of Policy and Prevention, 1201 15th Street NW, Suite 350, Washington, D.C. 20005, United States
| | - Julie Shuell
- Nemours National Office of Policy and Prevention, 1201 15th Street NW, Suite 350, Washington, D.C. 20005, United States
| | - Karen Broussard
- Agency Relations and Programs, Second Harvest Food Bank of Central Florida, 411 Mercy Drive, Orlando, FL 32805, United States
| | - Amy L. Yaroch
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 8401 W Dodge Rd, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68114, United States
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188
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Colonic Bacteroides are positively associated with trabecular bone structure and programmed by maternal vitamin D in male but not female offspring in an obesogenic environment. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:696-703. [PMID: 29188819 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The gut microbiota is determined early in life, possibly including pregnancy. Pioneering data suggest vitamin D, a nutrient important for bone health, affects this microbiota. We found that high maternal vitamin D lowered circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), improved intestinal barrier and bone health in male but not female offspring in an obesogenic environment. This study determined if high maternal dietary vitamin D programs Bacteroides and Prevotella and whether this associates with bone mineral content, density and structure of male and female adult offspring fed an obesogenic diet. METHODS C57BL/6J females received an AIN93G diet with high or low vitamin D from before mating until weaning. Post-weaning, male and female offspring remained on their respective vitamin D level or were switched and fed a high fat and sucrose diet until killing (age 7 months). Bacteroides and Prevotella were quantified in dams' feces and offspring colonic contents. LPS concentrations, bone mineral density and content, strength and structure data were integrated from our previous studies in the same mice. Spearman correlations were completed between Bacteroides and LPS, and bone outcomes. RESULTS There was a maternal vitamin D effect on colonic Bacteroides but not Prevotella (dam diet: <0.001 and 0.735) in adult male offspring, independent of dams fecal Bacteroides before birth (P=0.998). In males, but not females, Bacteroides correlated with LPS (r=-0.488, P=0.018), trabecular femur peak load (r=0.362, P=0.033), vertebral trabecular separation (r=-0.605, P=0.006), trabecular number (r=0.614, P=0.005) and bone volume fraction (r=0.549, P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS Dietary vitamin D programs Bacteroides in male adult offspring only, which correlated negatively with systemic inflammation and positively with bone strength and structure. This may have implications on maternal diet and nutritional guidelines targeting sexes in a different manner.
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189
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Ullman M, Zhang QC, Grosse SD, Recht M, Soucie JM. Prophylaxis use among males with haemophilia B in the United States. Haemophilia 2017; 23:910-917. [PMID: 28780772 PMCID: PMC5724962 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prophylaxis is considered the optimal treatment for persons with moderate to severe haemophilia (factor activity between 1-5% of normal and <1% of normal respectively) in countries where safe factor concentrates are available and economically feasible. Historically, prophylactic treatment has not been well studied in the haemophilia B (HB) population due to difficulties in obtaining a sufficiently large sample. AIM This study examines the prevalence of prophylaxis use among a robust sample of persons with HB in the United States and its association with specific demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS Using data collected between 1998 and 2011 for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Universal Data Collection project, we analysed data on 2428 males with moderate to severe HB aged 2-79 years who were seen at 135 federally funded haemophilia treatment centres. RESULTS Prevalence of prophylactic treatment in our sample was 35% among children and youth (ages 2-19) and 14% among adults (age 20 and older). Increased HB prophylaxis use was significantly associated with younger age (<40 years), Hispanic ethnicity, severe disease and self-infusion, while decreased use was associated with above-normal body mass index (BMI) in adults. Health care coverage was vital, although type of coverage did not appear to influence access. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis confirms previous reports of lower prevalence of prophylaxis use among individuals with HB compared to those with haemophilia A and adds to the body of knowledge regarding treatment patterns among a historically understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ullman
- Gulf States Hemophilia & Thrombophilia Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Q C Zhang
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S D Grosse
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Recht
- The Hemophilia Center at Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J M Soucie
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
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190
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Promoting healthy home environments and lifestyles in families with preschool children: HomeStyles, a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 64:139-151. [PMID: 29079392 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the HomeStyles randomized controlled trial was to determine the effect of participation in the HomeStyles intervention vs an attention control condition on the weight-related aspects of the home environment and lifestyle behavioral practices of families with preschool children. Parents of preschool children (n=489) were systematically randomized to experimental or attention control group after completing the baseline survey. Baseline and post surveys comprehensively assessed study outcomes using a socio-ecological approach incorporating valid, reliable intrapersonal (e.g., diet, activity), interpersonal (e.g., family meal frequency), and environmental measures (e.g., home media environment), and self-reported parent and child measured heights and weights. For all outcome measures, paired t-tests compared within group differences over time and ANCOVA, controlling for baseline scores and prognostic variables (e.g., parent sex), determined differences in post survey scores between groups. The final analytical sample (N=172; age 32.34±5.71SD; 58% White; 93% female) completed baseline and post surveys. The experimental group families had improved family meal and diet-related behaviors, and self-efficacy for food-related childhood obesity-protective practices. Household food supplies changed little, except for less availability of salty/fatty snacks. Within group effects indicated the control group also experienced some improvements, however these were few in number. ANCOVA revealed the experimental group parents had greater physical activity, reduced screentime, improved family mealtime behaviors, and increased self-efficacy for childhood obesity-protective behaviors and cognitions compared to the control group at post survey, though effect sizes were small. The HomeStyles program for families with preschool children promoted improvements in an array of obesity-preventive behaviors.
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191
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Martin-Biggers J, Quick V, Zhang M, Jin Y, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Relationships of family conflict, cohesion, and chaos in the home environment on maternal and child food-related behaviours. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2017; 14:e12540. [PMID: 28994511 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined how food-related behaviours differed in mothers and their preschool children by levels of family functioning (cohesion and conflict) and household disorganization (chaos). A nationally representative sample of mothers of preschoolers completed an online survey assessing food-related behaviours of themselves and their children. Maternal and child diet, eating behaviours, and health status; household availability of fruits/vegetables, salty/fatty snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages; family mealtime atmosphere; and family conflict, cohesion, and household chaos were assessed with valid, reliable scales. Cluster analyses assigned families into low, middle, and high conflict, cohesion, and chaos groups. Participants (n = 550) were 72% White, and 82% had some post-secondary education. Regression analysis examining the association of cluster grouping levels on diet-related behaviour measures revealed that positive home environments (i.e., low family conflict, high family cohesion, and low household chaos) were associated with healthier food-related behaviours (e.g., increased fruits/vegetables intake), whereas negative home environments (i.e., high family conflict, low family cohesion, and high household chaos) were associated with unhealthy food-related behaviours (e.g., greater % total calories from fat) even after controlling for sociodemographic and related behavioural factors. Findings suggest family functioning and household chaos are associated with food-related behaviours. This frequently overlooked component of family interaction may affect intervention outcomes and objectives of educational and interventional initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Martin-Biggers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Virginia Quick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yanhong Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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192
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Carnell S, Benson L, Chang KYV, Wang Z, Huo Y, Geliebter A, Peterson BS. Neural correlates of familial obesity risk and overweight in adolescence. Neuroimage 2017; 159:236-247. [PMID: 28754348 PMCID: PMC5671352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of adolescent obesity and overweight are high. The offspring of overweight parents are at increased risk of becoming obese later in life. Investigating neural correlates of familial obesity risk and current overweight status in adolescence could help identify biomarkers that predict future obesity and that may serve as novel targets for obesity interventions. OBJECTIVE Our primary aim was to use functional MRI to compare neural responses to words denoting high or low energy density (ED) foods and non-foods, in currently lean adolescents at higher compared with lower familial risk for obesity, and in overweight compared with lean adolescents. Secondary aims were to assess group differences in subjective appetite when viewing food and non-food words, and in objective ad libitum intake of high-ED foods in a laboratory setting. DESIGN We recruited 36 adolescents (14-19y), of whom 10 were (obese/overweight "overweight"), 16 lean with obese/overweight mothers (lean high-risk, "lean-HR"), and 10 lean with lean mothers (lean low-risk, "lean-LR"). All underwent fMRI scanning while they viewed words representing high-ED foods, low-ED foods, or non-foods, and provided appetitive ratings in response to each word stimulus. They then consumed a multi-item ad libitum buffet meal. RESULTS Food compared with non-food words activated a distributed emotion/reward system including insula and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Participants who were at increasing risk for obesity exhibited progressively weaker activation of an attentional/regulatory system including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsal ACC, and basal ganglia nuclei (activation was greatest in lean-LR, intermediate in lean-HR, and weakest in the overweight group). These group differences were most apparent for neural responses to high-compared with low-ED foods. Lean-HR (compared with lean-LR and overweight) adolescents reported greater desire for high-ED foods. Meal intake was greatest for the overweight, then lean-HR, then lean-LR groups. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents at higher obesity risk exhibited reduced neural responses to high-ED food cues in a neural system that subserves attention and self-regulation. They also reported heightened appetitive responses to high-ED cues. Interventions that promote the capacity for self-regulation could prevent youth who have a familial predisposition for obesity from translating risk into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Leora Benson
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ku-Yu Virginia Chang
- Mt Sinai St. Luke's Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhishun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan Geliebter
- Mt Sinai St. Luke's Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Touro College and University System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, LA, USA
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Zhao H, Wilkinson A, Shen J, Wu X, Chow WH. Genetic polymorphisms in genes related to risk-taking behaviours predicting body mass index trajectory among Mexican American adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:356-362. [PMID: 27228958 PMCID: PMC5319917 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with multiple health problems and often originates in childhood. The purpose is to investigate the associations of genetic polymorphisms in genes related to risk-taking behaviours with body mass index (BMI) trajectory over adolescence among Mexican Americans. METHODS This study included 1229 Mexican American adolescents who participated in a large population-based cohort study in Houston, Texas. BMI data were obtained at baseline and two follow-ups. The median follow-up time was 59 months. Participants were genotyped for 672 functional and tagging variants in genes involved in the dopamine, serotonin and cannabinoid pathways. RESULTS After adjusting for multiple comparisons, three genetic variants, namely, rs933271 and rs4646310 in COMT gene, and rs9567733 in HTR2A gene were significantly associated with BMI growth over adolescence. Using those three variants, we created an allelic score, and the allelic score was associated with BMI growth over adolescence (P < 0.001). With the increase number of variant allele, the rate of BMI growth over adolescence was slower. Finally, we identified another two genetic variants, namely, rs17069005 in HTR2A gene and rs3776511 in SLC6A3A gene were associated with obesity at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that genetic variants in selected genes involved in dopamine and serotonin pathways have noticeable effects on BMI over adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Departments of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas,Request for reprints: Hua Zhao, Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030 Phone: 713-745-7597; Fax: 713-794-1964;
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, Texas
| | - Jie Shen
- Departments of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Departments of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Departments of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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194
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Partap U, Young EH, Allotey P, Sandhu MS, Reidpath DD. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors in parents and child obesity in Segamat, Malaysia. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1523-1532. [PMID: 29106558 PMCID: PMC5837730 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is little evidence regarding risk factors for child obesity in Asian populations, including the role of parental anthropometric and cardiometabolic risk factors. We examined the relation between parental risk factors and child obesity in a Malaysian population. Methods We used data from health and demographic surveillance conducted by the South East Asia Community Observatory in Segamat, Malaysia. Analyses included 9207 individuals (4806 children, 2570 mothers and 1831 fathers). Child obesity was defined based on the World Health Organization 2007 reference. We assessed the relation between parental anthropometric (overweight, obesity and central obesity) and cardiometabolic (systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension and hyperglycaemia) risk factors and child obesity, using mixed effects Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. Results We found a high burden of overweight and obesity among children in this population (30% overweight or obese). Children of one or more obese parents had a 2-fold greater risk of being obese compared with children of non-obese parents. Sequential adjustment for parental and child characteristics did not materially affect estimates (fully adjusted relative risk for obesity in both parents: 2.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.82, 3.10, P < 0.001; P for trend < 0.001). These associations were not modified by parental or child sex. We found no consistent evidence for associations between parental cardiometabolic risk factors and child obesity. Conclusions Parental obesity was strongly associated with child obesity in this population. Further exploration of the behavioural and environmental drivers of these associations may help inform strategies addressing child obesity in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Partap
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Pascale Allotey
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
| | - Manjinder S Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel D Reidpath
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory, Segamat, Malaysia
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195
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Kim MJ, Sung E, Choi EY, Ju YS, Park EW, Cheong YS, Yoo S, Park KH, Choi HJ, Kim S. Delphi Survey for Designing a Intervention Research Study on Childhood Obesity Prevention. Korean J Fam Med 2017; 38:284-290. [PMID: 29026489 PMCID: PMC5637220 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.5.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of childhood obesity in South Korea has increased owing to economic improvement and the prevailing Westernized dietary pattern. As the incidence of chronic diseases caused by obesity is also expected to increase, effective interventions to prevent childhood obesity are needed. Therefore, we conducted a Delphi study to determine the priorities of a potential intervention research on childhood obesity prevention and its adequacy and feasibility. Methods The two-round Delphi technique was used with a panel of 10 childhood obesity experts. The panelists were asked to rate “priority populations,” “methods of intervention,” “measurement of outcomes,” “future intervention settings,” and “duration of intervention” by using a structured questionnaire. Finally, a portfolio analysis was performed with the adequacy and feasibility indexes as the two axes. Results For priority populations, the panel favored “elementary,” “preschool,” and “middle and high school” students in this order. Regarding intervention settings, the panelists assigned high adequacy and feasibility to “childcare centers” and “home” for preschool children, “school” and “home” for elementary school children, and “school” for adolescents in middle and high school. As the age of the target population increased, the panelists scored increasing numbers of anthropometric, clinical, and intermediate outcomes as highly adequate and feasible for assessing the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusion According to the results of the Delphi survey, the highest-priority population for the research on childhood obesity prevention was that of elementary school students. Various settings, methods, outcome measures, and durations for the different age groups were also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eunju Sung
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young-Su Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eal-Whan Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yoo-Seock Cheong
- Department of Family Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sunmi Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seolhye Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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196
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Engin A. The Definition and Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:1-17. [PMID: 28585193 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increase in prevalence of obesity has become a worldwide major health problem in adults, as well as among children and adolescents. Furthermore, total adiposity and truncal subcutaneous fat accumulation during adolescence are positively and independently associated with atherosclerosis at adult ages. Centrally accumulation of body fat is associated with insulin resistance, whereas distribution of body fat in a peripheral pattern is metabolically less important. Obesity is associated with a large decrease in life expectancy. The effect of extreme obesity on mortality is greater among younger than older adults. In this respect, obesity is also associated with increased risk of several cancer types. However, up to 30% of obese patients are metabolically healthy with insulin sensitivity similar to healthy normal weight individuals, lower visceral fat content, and lower intima media thickness of the carotid artery than the majority of metabolically "unhealthy" obese patients.Abdominal obesity is the most frequently observed component of metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome; clustering of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension, is a major public health challenge. The average prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 31%, and is associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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197
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Lee BY, Bartsch SM, Mui Y, Haidari LA, Spiker ML, Gittelsohn J. A systems approach to obesity. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:94-106. [PMID: 28049754 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a truly global epidemic, affecting all age groups, all populations, and countries of all income levels. To date, existing policies and interventions have not reversed these trends, suggesting that innovative approaches are needed to transform obesity prevention and control. There are a number of indications that the obesity epidemic is a systems problem, as opposed to a simple problem with a linear cause-and-effect relationship. What may be needed to successfully address obesity is an approach that considers the entire system when making any important decision, observation, or change. A systems approach to obesity prevention and control has many benefits, including the potential to further understand indirect effects or to test policies virtually before implementing them in the real world. Discussed here are 5 key efforts to implement a systems approach for obesity prevention: 1) utilize more global approaches; 2) bring new experts from disciplines that do not traditionally work with obesity to share experiences and ideas with obesity experts; 3) utilize systems methods, such as systems mapping and modeling; 4) modify and combine traditional approaches to achieve a stronger systems orientation; and 5) bridge existing gaps between research, education, policy, and action. This article also provides an example of how a systems approach has been used to convene a multidisciplinary team and conduct systems mapping and modeling as part of an obesity prevention program in Baltimore, Maryland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Y Lee
- B.Y. Lee, S.M. Bartsch, L.A. Haidari, Y. Mui, M.L. Spiker, and J. Gittelsohn are with the Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. L.A. Haidari and Y. Mui are with the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Sarah M Bartsch
- B.Y. Lee, S.M. Bartsch, L.A. Haidari, Y. Mui, M.L. Spiker, and J. Gittelsohn are with the Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. L.A. Haidari and Y. Mui are with the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yeeli Mui
- B.Y. Lee, S.M. Bartsch, L.A. Haidari, Y. Mui, M.L. Spiker, and J. Gittelsohn are with the Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. L.A. Haidari and Y. Mui are with the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leila A Haidari
- B.Y. Lee, S.M. Bartsch, L.A. Haidari, Y. Mui, M.L. Spiker, and J. Gittelsohn are with the Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. L.A. Haidari and Y. Mui are with the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie L Spiker
- B.Y. Lee, S.M. Bartsch, L.A. Haidari, Y. Mui, M.L. Spiker, and J. Gittelsohn are with the Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. L.A. Haidari and Y. Mui are with the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- B.Y. Lee, S.M. Bartsch, L.A. Haidari, Y. Mui, M.L. Spiker, and J. Gittelsohn are with the Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. L.A. Haidari and Y. Mui are with the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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198
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Schillinger D, Ling PM, Fine S, Boyer CB, Rogers E, Vargas RA, Bibbins-Domingo K, Chou WYS. Reducing Cancer and Cancer Disparities: Lessons From a Youth-Generated Diabetes Prevention Campaign. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:S103-S113. [PMID: 28818240 PMCID: PMC8491805 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence and young adulthood, a period essential for determining exposures over the life-course, is an ideal time to intervene to lower cancer risk. This demographic group can be viewed as both the target audience and generator of messages for cancer prevention, such as skin cancer, obesity-, tobacco-, and human papillomavirus-related cancers. The purpose of this paper is to encourage innovative health communications that target youth; youth behavior; and the structural, environmental, and social determinants of youth behavior as critical areas of focus for cancer prevention and disparities reduction. The authors describe the rationale, processes, products, and early impacts of an award-winning youth diabetes prevention communication campaign model (The Bigger Picture) that harnesses spoken-word messages in school-based and social media presentations. The campaign supports minority adolescent and young adult artists to create content that aligns with values held closely by youth-values likely to resonate and affect change, such as defiance against authority, inclusion, and social justice. This campaign can be leveraged to prevent obesity, which is a cancer risk factor. Then, the authors propose concrete ways that The Bigger Picture's pedagogical model could be adapted for broader cancer prevention messaging for youth of color and youth stakeholders regarding tobacco-related cancers, skin cancers, and human papillomavirus-related cancers. The goal is to demonstrate how a youth-generated and youth-targeted prevention campaign can: (1) reframe conversations about cancer prevention, (2) increase awareness that cancer prevention is about social justice and health equity, and (3) catalyze action to change social norms and confront the social and environmental drivers of cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Schillinger
- University of California San Francisco Center for Vulnerable Populations at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Pamela M Ling
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; University of California San Francisco Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah Fine
- University of California San Francisco Center for Vulnerable Populations at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cherrie B Boyer
- Department of Medicine and Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elizabeth Rogers
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Roberto Ariel Vargas
- Community Engagement and Health Policy Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- University of California San Francisco Center for Vulnerable Populations at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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199
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Graziose MM, Koch PA, Wang YC, Lee Gray H, Contento IR. Cost-effectiveness of a Nutrition Education Curriculum Intervention in Elementary Schools. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 49:684-691.e1. [PMID: 27843129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the long-term cost-effectiveness of an obesity prevention nutrition education curriculum (Food, Health, & Choices) as delivered to all New York City fifth-grade public school students over 1 year. METHODS This study is a standard cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective, with a 3% discount rate and a no-intervention comparator, as recommended by the US Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Costs of implementation, administration, and future obesity-related medical costs were included. Effectiveness was based on a cluster-randomized, controlled trial in 20 public schools during the 2012-2013 school year and linked to published estimates of childhood-to-adulthood body mass index trajectories using a decision analytic model. RESULTS The Food, Health, & Choices intervention was estimated to cost $8,537,900 and result in 289 fewer males and 350 fewer females becoming obese (0.8% of New York City fifth-grade public school students), saving 1,599 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and $8,098,600 in direct medical costs. Food, Health, & Choices is predicted to be cost-effective at $275/QALY (95% confidence interval, -$2,576/QALY to $2,084/QALY) with estimates up to $6,029/QALY in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This cost-effectiveness model suggests that a nutrition education curriculum in public schools is effective and cost-effective in reducing childhood obesity, consistent with the authors' hypothesis and previous literature. Future research should assess the feasibility and sustainability of scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Graziose
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Pamela A Koch
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Y Claire Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Heewon Lee Gray
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Isobel R Contento
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY
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200
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A Cross-sectional Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Urinary Abnormalities, Blood Pressure, and Body Mass Index in Healthy School Children. Kidney Int Rep 2017; 2:1169-1175. [PMID: 29270525 PMCID: PMC5733680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Screening school children for urinary abnormalities is an inexpensive task but is not commonly undertaken in India. Although debated in western countries, its utility in early diagnosis of kidney disorders has been proved by studies from Asia. We examined the prevalence of asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (AUA), obesity, and hypertension in school children and analyzed data to identify potential risk factors among those detected with such abnormalities. Methods Children and adolescents 8 to 18 years of age of either gender, attending 14 public schools in West Bengal, were screened prospectively from July 2013 to July 2016 for detecting asymptomatic urinary abnormalities by a spot urine test using a dipstick. Sociodemographic profile, medical examination (weight, height, and blood pressure), and questionnaire-based data were recorded. Results A total of 11,000 children were screened. Of these, data from 9306 children were available for AUA, obesity, and hypertension. The prevalence rate was 7.44% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.91%−7.97%) for at least 1 AUA. Isolated hematuria was present in 5.2% (95% CI 4.75%−5.65%), whereas isolated proteinuria was present in 1.9% (95% CI = 1.62%−2.18%). The prevalence of prehypertension was 13.43% (95% CI = 12.74%−14.12%) and that of hypertension and abnormal body mass index was 4.05% (95% CI = 6.43%−7.47%) and 38.67 (95% CI = 37.68%−39.66%) respectively. Discussion The prevalence rates of AUA were comparable with those in some Asian countries but higher than in most developed countries. Of children and adolescents 8 to 18 years of age, those 13 to 18 years had significantly more high risk factors such as AUA, hypertension, and obesity.
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