151
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Zamboni M, Rossi AP, Fantin F, Zamboni G, Chirumbolo S, Zoico E, Mazzali G. Adipose tissue, diet and aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 136-137:129-37. [PMID: 24321378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age related increase in body fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (AT), and ectopic fat deposition are strongly related to worse health conditions in the elderly. Moreover, with aging higher inflammation in adipose tissue may be observed and may contribute to inflammaging. Aging may significantly affect AT function by modifying the profile of adipokines produced by adipose cells, reducing preadipocytes number and their function and increasing AT macrophages infiltration. The initiating events of the inflammatory cascade promoting a greater AT inflammatory profile are not completely understood. Nutrients may determine changes in the amount of body fat, in its distribution as well as in AT function with some nutrients showing a pro-inflammatory effect on AT. Evidences are sparse and quite controversial with only a few studies performed in older subjects. Different dietary patterns are the result of the complex interaction of foods and nutrients, thus more studies are needed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and changes in adipose tissue structure, distribution and function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Zamboni
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Zoico
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
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152
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Shafaie Y, Koelliker Y, Hoffman DJ, Tepper BJ. Energy intake and diet selection during buffet consumption in women classified by the 6-n-propylthiouracil bitter taste phenotype. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1583-91. [PMID: 24153345 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to a variety of energy-dense foods promotes increased energy intake and adiposity. Taste blindness to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) has been associated with increased adiposity in women and might be linked to an increased energy intake and greater selection of dietary fat. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether PROP nontaster (NT) women would consume more fat and energy in a buffet setting than medium taster (MT) or supertaster (ST) women. DESIGN Seventy-five non-diet-restrained, lean, young women [mean ± SEM BMI (in kg/m²): 21.5 ± 0.6; age: 26.1 ± 1.3 y) ate lunch and dinner in the laboratory for 3 consecutive days under the following 2 conditions: ad libitum control meals (CONTs) or high-variety buffet meals (BUFFs). A standard breakfast was consumed each day of the study (4 - d washout between conditions). RESULTS NTs and MTs consumed more energy and fat (as the percentage of energy) from BUFFs than did STs (P < 0.01), which contributed to higher daily energy intakes in these 2 groups of women during BUFFs (2149 ± 49 kcal/d for NTs and 2209 ± 48 kcal/d for MTs compared with 1933 ± 50 kcal/d for STs; P < 0.01). Together, NTs and MTs consumed an extra 246 kcal/d during BUFFs than during CONTs. In addition, compared with STs, NTs and MTs consumed more added fats and sweets (servings/d; P < 0.003) and more energy from snacks (P < 0.01) across all study days. CONCLUSIONS NT and MT women consume more daily energy than do ST women when eating in a buffet setting, which is a common type of dietary exposure. This increase in energy intake over time could contribute to a positive energy balance and increased adiposity previously reported in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Shafaie
- Department of Food Science (YS, YK, and BJT) and the Nutritional Sciences Department (DJH), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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153
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Turner-McGrievy GM, Davidson CR, Wilcox S. Does the type of weight loss diet affect who participates in a behavioral weight loss intervention? A comparison of participants for a plant-based diet versus a standard diet trial. Appetite 2013; 73:156-62. [PMID: 24269507 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies have found that people following plant-based eating styles, such as vegan or vegetarian diets, often have different demographic characteristics, eating styles, and physical activity (PA) levels than individuals following an omnivorous dietary pattern. There has been no research examining if there are differences in these characteristics among people who are willing to participate in a weight loss intervention using plant-based dietary approaches as compared to a standard reduced calorie approach, which does not exclude food groups. The present study compared baseline characteristics (demographics, dietary intake, eating behaviors (Eating Behavior Inventory), and PA (Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire)) of participants enrolling in two different 6-month behavioral weight loss studies: the mobile Pounds Off Digitally (mPOD) study, which used a standard reduced calorie dietary approach and the New Dietary Interventions to Enhance the Treatments for weight loss (New DIETs) study, which randomized participants to follow one of five different dietary approaches (vegan, vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, or omnivorous diets). There were no differences in baseline demographics with the exception of New DIETs participants being older (48.5±8.3years versus 42.9±11.2, P=0.001) and having a higher Body Mass Index (BMI, 35.2±5.3kg/m(2) versus 32.6±4.7kg/m(2), P=0.001) than mPOD participants. In age- and BMI-adjusted models, there were no differences in EBI scores or in any dietary variables, with the exception of vitamin C (85.6±5.9mg/d mPOD versus 63.4±7.4mg/d New DIETs, P=0.02). New DIETs participants reported higher levels of intentional PA/day (180.0±18.1kcal/d) than mPOD participants (108.8±14.4kcal/d, P=0.003), which may have been the result of New DIETs study recommendations to avoid increasing or decreasing PA during the study. The findings of this study demonstrate that using plant-based dietary approaches for weight loss intervention studies does not lead to a population which is significantly different from who enrolls in a standard, behavioral weight loss study using a reduced calorie dietary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Charis R Davidson
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Room 529, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Public Health Research Center, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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154
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McGill CR, Kurilich AC, Davignon J. The role of potatoes and potato components in cardiometabolic health: a review. Ann Med 2013; 45:467-73. [PMID: 23855880 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2013.813633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are an important food crop worldwide and contribute key nutrients to the diet, including vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber. Potatoes and potato components have been shown to have favorable impacts on several measures of cardiometabolic health in animals and humans, including lowering blood pressure, improving lipid profiles, and decreasing markers of inflammation. A range of glycemic index (GI) values have been reported for potatoes, and data are sparse regarding the impact of potato consumption on the postprandial glycemic response, especially when potatoes are consumed with other foods. There is a lack of clinical trial data regarding the impact of potatoes on weight management. A small number of human cohort studies have reported beneficial associations between potato consumption as part of a healthy lifestyle and cardiometabolic health. Another small number of human population studies have included potatoes as part of a dietary pattern with other calorie-dense foods and have not reported cardiometabolic benefits. The epidemiological literature should be interpreted with caution due to lack of consistency in both defining dietary patterns that include potatoes and in control for potential confounding variables. Controlled clinical trials are needed to define the impact of potatoes on cardiometabolic health.
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155
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Dekker LH, Boer JMA, Stricker MD, Busschers WB, Snijder MB, Nicolaou M, Verschuren WMM. Dietary patterns within a population are more reproducible than those of individuals. J Nutr 2013; 143:1728-35. [PMID: 24027185 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.177477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insight into the stability of dietary behavior over time is important, because only a single measurement of diet is often available to study the association between eating behavior and the occurrence of chronic diseases many years after baseline data collection. Little is known about changes in dietary patterns over time. The current study examined the (internal) stability and reproducibility of dietary patterns and the transition of individuals between patterns over time from 3 surveys within one study population by using cluster analysis. The dietary intake of participants in the Doetinchem Cohort Study in 6113, 4916, and 4520 adults in 1993-1997, 1998-2002, and 2003-2007, respectively, was measured using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Stability and reproducibility of dietary patterns were studied by examining the optimal number of clusters per survey by comparing the contribution of food groups to total energy intake within the clusters over time and by studying transitions of individuals between clusters over time. A low-fiber bread pattern and a high-fiber bread pattern were identified in all 3 surveys. Over time, dietary patterns were comparable in terms of foods contributing most to total energy intake, suggesting good reproducibility. Nevertheless, only 41.8% of the participants were consistently assigned to the same dietary pattern for all 3 surveys. This implies that, over time, similar dietary patterns were found at the group level, but that ignoring individual transitions between dietary patterns during follow-up may lead to misclassification of a large proportion of the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise H Dekker
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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156
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Aljadani H, Patterson A, Sibbritt D, Collins C. The association between dietary patterns and weight change in adults over time: a systematic review of studies with follow up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2013-714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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157
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Satija A, Agrawal S, Bowen L, Khandpur N, Kinra S, Prabhakaran D, Reddy KS, Smith GD, Ebrahim S. Association between milk and milk product consumption and anthropometric measures in adult men and women in India: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60739. [PMID: 23593300 PMCID: PMC3620205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional aetiology of obesity remains unclear, especially with regard to the role of dairy products in developing countries. OBJECTIVE To examine whether milk/milk product consumption is associated with obesity and high waist circumference among adult Indians. METHODS Information on plain milk, tea, curd and buttermilk/lassi consumption assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire was obtained from the cross-sectional sib-pair designed Indian Migration Study (3698 men and 2659 women), conducted at four factory locations across north, central and south India. The anthropometric measures included were Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC). Mixed-effect logistic regression models were conducted to accommodate sib-pair design and adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounders, the risk of being obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) was lower among women (OR = 0.57;95%CI:0.43-0.76;p ≤ 0.0001) and men (OR = 0.67;95%CI: 0.51-0.87;p = 0.005), and the risk of a high WC (men: >90 cm; women: >80 cm) was lower among men (OR = 0.71;95%CI:0.54-0.93;p = 0.005) and women (OR = 0.79;95%CI:0.59-1.05;p>0.05) who consume ≥1 portions of plain milk daily than those who do not consume any milk. The inverse association between daily plain milk consumption and obesity was also confirmed in sibling-pair analyses. Daily tea consumption of ≥ 1 portion was associated with obesity (OR = 1.51;95%CI:1.00-2.25;p>0.050) and high WC (OR = 1.65;95%CI:1.08-2.51;p>0.019) among men but not among women but there was no strong evidence of association of curd and buttermilk/lassi consumption with obesity and high waist circumference among both men and women. CONCLUSIONS The independent, inverse association of daily plain milk consumption with the risk of being obese suggests that high plain milk intake may lower the risk of obesity in adult Indians. However, this is an observational finding and uncontrolled confounding cannot be excluded as an explanation for the association. Therefore, confirmatory studies are needed to clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Satija
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
- South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Sutapa Agrawal
- South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Liza Bowen
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Shah Ebrahim
- South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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158
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Ganguli D, Das N, Saha I, Chaudhuri D, Ghosh S, Dey S. Risk factors for hypertension in a population-based sample of postmenopausal women in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Asia Pac J Public Health 2013; 25:388-97. [PMID: 23482707 DOI: 10.1177/1010539511420703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major public health problem worldwide. However, limited information is available regarding the risk factors for hypertension in postmenopausal women, particularly in urban populations in developing countries such as India. To investigate whether adiposity measures, serum lipids and lipoproteins as well as fasting plasma glucose can predict the risk of hypertension in a population based sample of postmenopausal women in Kolkata, India, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 415 postmenopausal women (aged 40 to 85), selected by cluster sampling from 12 wards of Kolkata. After multivariate adjustment, apolipoprotein B (apo B) and waist circumference (WC) showed the strongest association with hypertension. The risk of hypertension in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile was 2.57 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-6.61) for apo B and 2.55 (95% confidence interval = 1.07-6.06) for WC. Apo B and WC were the strongest risk factors for predicting hypertension among postmenopausal women in Kolkata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdutta Ganguli
- 1Department of Physiology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
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159
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Baseline dietary patterns are a significant consideration in correcting dietary exposure for weight loss. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:330-6. [PMID: 23403877 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Dietary pattern studies are traditionally the domain of epidemiological research. From a clinical perspective, there is a need to explore the effects of changing food and dietary patterns of individuals. The aim was to identify patterns of food choice in the context of a clinical weight loss trial. Cluster analysis based on reported serves of food groups revealed dietary patterns informative for the clinical setting. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cluster analysis was conducted using diet history data from two clinical trials at baseline, and outcomes at 3 months were reviewed based on these clusters (n=231). The cluster solution was analysed using defined food groups in serves and with respect to clinical parameters and requirements for selected nutrients. RESULTS Two distinct dietary patterns were identified from the reported baseline dietary intakes. Subjects in Cluster 1 reported food patterns characterised by higher intakes of low-fat dairy and unsaturated oils and margarine and were generally more closely aligned to food choices encouraged in national dietary guidelines. Subjects in Cluster 2 reported a dietary pattern characterised by non-core foods and drinks, higher- and medium-fat dairy foods, fatty meats and alcohol. At 3 months, Cluster 2 subjects reported greater reductions in energy intake (-5317 kJ; P<0.001) and greater weight loss (-5.6 kg; P<0.05) compared with Cluster 1. CONCLUSIONS Overweight subjects with reported dietary patterns similar to dietary guidelines at baseline may have more difficulty in reducing energy intake than those with poor dietary patterns. Correcting exposure to non-core foods and drinks was key to successful weight loss.
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160
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Hsiao PY, Mitchell DC, Coffman DL, Craig Wood G, Hartman TJ, Still C, Jensen GL. Dietary patterns and relationship to obesity-related health outcomes and mortality in adults 75 years of age or greater. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17:566-72. [PMID: 23732554 PMCID: PMC4558554 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity-related adverse health outcomes is increasing among older adults. Because it is thought that nutrition plays an important role in successful aging, there has been considerable interest in the association between dietary patterns of older adults and obesity-related health outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between dietary patterns and mortality and prevalence of obesity-related health outcomes, namely cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), over a 5-year follow-up period in adults aged 75 years or greater. DESIGN A longitudinal observational study with cross-sectional dietary assessment. SETTING Rural Central Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults (N = 449; 76.5 years old; 57% female). MEASUREMENTS Multiple, unannounced, 24-hour dietary recalls were used to collect dietary intake. Cluster analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Prevalence of CVD, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and MetSyn was extracted from outpatient electronic medical records. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes and mortality. RESULTS 'Sweets and Dairy', 'Health-Conscious' and 'Western' dietary patterns were identified. Compared to the 'Health-Conscious' pattern, those in the 'Sweets and Dairy' pattern had increased odds of hypertension over the follow-up period; adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 2.18 (1.11-4.30). No significant associations were found for CVD, diabetes mellitus, MetSyn or mortality with dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential value of healthy dietary patterns in the management of hypertension in older adults. We did not observe any other strong associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes or mortality in persons ≥ 75 years of age; thus failing to support the use of overly restrictive diet prescriptions for older persons, especially where food intake may be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Hsiao
- The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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161
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Dietary patterns of Pakistani adults and their associations with sociodemographic, anthropometric and life-style factors. J Nutr Sci 2013; 2:e42. [PMID: 25191598 PMCID: PMC4153335 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary pattern analysis is an epidemiological method designed to consider the complexity
of food preferences and diet patterns of populations. Few studies from South Asia have
used this methodology to describe population food intake. Our objective was to identify
dietary patterns and understand their associations with sociodemographic, anthropometric
and life-style factors among low-income Pakistani urban adults. Dietary information was
collected by a thirty-three-item FFQ and dietary patterns were derived by principal
component analyses in 5491 subjects enrolled in the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk
Attenuation (COBRA) study. Three dietary patterns were identified: a fat and sweet pattern
characterised by fried snacks/foods, desserts, organ meats, bakery products, Pakistani
bread and food purchased from outside the home; a fruit and vegetable pattern including
fruits, juices, raw and cooked vegetables, lean meat and low-fat milk; and a seafood and
yogurt pattern identified by prawns, fish, potatoes and yogurt. The fat and sweet pattern
scores were low among older subjects, those with high BMI and waist circumference but high
among females and physically active participants. The fruit and vegetable pattern was
associated with younger age, high BMI, education and non-tobacco use. The seafood and
yogurt pattern was associated with high BMI, increased physical activity and non-tobacco
use. In conclusion, distinct dietary patterns exist for the Pakistani population that may
be related to some of the population characteristics and thus may have importance in
suggesting dietary and life-style interventions in the prevention of chronic diseases.
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162
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Sonnenberg L, Pencina M, Kimokoti R, Quatromoni P, Nam BH, D'Agostino R, Meigs JB, Ordovas J, Cobain M, Millen B. Dietary Patterns and the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Non-obese Framingham Women**. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:153-62. [PMID: 15761175 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between habitual dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women and to identify foci for preventive nutrition interventions. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Dietary patterns, nutrient intake, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and MetS risk factors were characterized in 1615 Framingham Offspring-Spouse Study (FOS) women. Dietary pattern subgroups were compared for MetS prevalence and CVD risk factor status using logistic regression and analysis of covariance. Analyses were performed overall in women and stratified on obesity status; multivariate models controlled for age, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, and CVD risk factors. RESULTS Food and nutrient profiles and overall nutritional risk of five non-overlapping habitual dietary patterns of women were identified including Heart Healthier, Lighter Eating, Wine and Moderate Eating, Higher Fat, and Empty Calories. Rates of hypertension and low high-density lipoprotein levels were high in non-obese women, but individual MetS risk factor levels were substantially increased in obese women. Overall MetS risk varied by dietary pattern and obesity status, independently of APOE and CVD risk factors. Compared with obese or non-obese women and women overall with other dietary patterns, MetS was highest in those with the Empty Calorie pattern (contrast p value: p<0.05). DISCUSSION This research shows the independent relationship between habitual dietary patterns and MetS risk in FOS women and the influence of obesity status. High overall MetS risk and the varying prevalence of individual MetS risk factors in female subgroups emphasize the importance of preventive nutrition interventions and suggest potential benefits of targeted behavior change in both obese and non-obese women by dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Sonnenberg
- Ambulatory Nutrition Service, Department of Nutrition and Food Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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163
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Associations between dietary patterns and demographics, lifestyle, anthropometry and blood pressure in Chinese community-dwelling older men and women. J Nutr Sci 2012; 1:e20. [PMID: 25191550 PMCID: PMC4153085 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined dietary patterns, and the associations of these patterns with demographics, lifestyle, anthropometry and blood pressure in 3707 Chinese people aged 65 years and above taking part in a population-based cohort study investigating the risk factors for osteoporosis. Baseline dietary data were collected using a validated FFQ. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Scores were calculated for each pattern. Demographics, lifestyle factors and self-reported hypertension history were collected through a questionnaire. BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Three dietary patterns were identified, namely 'vegetables-fruit', 'snacks-drinks-milk products' and 'meat-fish'. Participants who were more physically active, more educated, non-smokers and non-drinkers were more likely to have higher 'vegetables-fruit' dietary pattern scores. Current smoking habit and alcohol use were associated with higher 'snacks-drinks-milk products' dietary pattern scores and 'meat-fish' dietary pattern scores. 'Vegetables-fruit' dietary pattern scores were inversely (unstandardised regression coefficient B = -0·60 mmHg, 95 % CI -1·04, -0·16) and 'snacks-drinks-milk products' dietary pattern scores were positively (B = 0·50 mmHg, 95 % CI 0·08, 0·92) associated with DBP in men in multiple regressions. Higher 'meat-fish' dietary pattern scores were associated with higher BMI (B = 0·19 kg/m(2), 95 % CI 0·06, 0·33), waist-to-hip ratio (B = 0·004, 95 % CI 0·002, 0·007) and WC (B = 0·57 cm, 95 % CI 0·18, 0·97) in men, and higher BMI (B = 0·40 kg/m(2), 95 % CI 0·22, 0·57), WC (B = 0·87 cm, 95 % CI 0·39, 1·36) and HC (B = 0·61 cm, 95 % CI 0·26, 0·96) in women in multiple regressions. The influence of demographic and lifestyle characteristics on dietary patterns and the health risks associated with dietary patterns provides insights for the provision of tangible dietary advice to this population.
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164
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Changes in bread consumption and 4-year changes in adiposity in Spanish subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Br J Nutr 2012. [PMID: 23199451 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200476x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of bread consumption change over time on anthropometric measures have been scarcely studied. We analysed 2213 participants at high risk for CVD from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial to assess the association between changes in the consumption of bread and weight and waist circumference gain over time. Dietary habits were assessed with validated FFQ at baseline and repeatedly every year during 4 years of follow-up. Using multivariate models to adjust for covariates, long-term weight and waist circumference changes according to quartiles of change in energy-adjusted white and whole-grain bread consumption were calculated. The present results showed that over 4 years, participants in the highest quartile of change in white bread intake gained 0·76 kg more than those in the lowest quartile (P for trend = 0·003) and 1·28 cm more than those in the lowest quartile (P for trend < 0·001). No significant dose-response relationships were observed for change in whole-bread consumption and anthropometric measures. Gaining weight (>2 kg) and gaining waist circumference (>2 cm) during follow-up was not associated with increase in bread consumption, but participants in the highest quartile of changes in white bread intake had a reduction of 33 % in the odds of losing weight (>2 kg) and a reduction of 36 % in the odds of losing waist circumference (>2 cm). The present results suggest that reducing white bread, but not whole-grain bread consumption, within a Mediterranean-style food pattern setting is associated with lower gains in weight and abdominal fat.
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165
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Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Fulgoni VL. Diet quality is inversely related to cardiovascular risk factors in adults. J Nutr 2012; 142:2112-8. [PMID: 23077187 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.164889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the study was to determine if there was an association between diet quality and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in adults. NHANES 2001-2008 data were used to compare diet quality, as determined by using 2005 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2005) scores, and CVRF in adults aged ≥19 y (n = 18,988; 51% men, 50% white, 21% African American, 25% Hispanic American, 4% other). HEI-2005 scores were calculated by using one 24-h dietary recall collected from the participants. Weight and adiposity, blood pressure, and CVRF were measured. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the linear relationship of CVRF and HEI-2005 scores by using appropriate covariates accounting for sample weights and the complex sample design of NHANES. OR were calculated for HEI quartiles and CVRF. BMI (P < 0.0001), waist circumference (WC) (P < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0002), C-reactive protein (P = 0.0016), total cholesterol (P = 0.0006), LDL cholesterol (P = 0.0039), and metabolic syndrome (P = 0.0035) were inversely associated with HEI-2005. HDL cholesterol significantly (P = 0.0048) increased across HEI-2005 quartiles. Compared with the lowest HEI-2005 quartile, individuals with the highest diet quality (HEI-2005 quartile 4) were less likely to be overweight or obese (34%) or have elevated WC (35%), elevated blood pressure (26%), metabolic syndrome (35%), and decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations (21%). Data suggest that diet quality is inversely associated with several CVRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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166
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Red meat in global nutrition. Meat Sci 2012; 92:166-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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167
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Dietary patterns, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2012; 39:99-110. [PMID: 23062863 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study of dietary patterns offers a comprehensive, real-life approach towards examining the complex diet and disease relationship. The simultaneous association of dietary patterns with inflammation and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been extensively reviewed. This report reviews the association of dietary patterns with inflammation in the context of the MetS. METHODS Original English-language research studies with humans were identified via MEDLINE, using inflammation, MetS, whole diets and dietary patterns as keywords. The findings were carefully examined and synthesized along consistent axes. RESULTS Many observational and a few prospective studies, as well as some randomized controlled trials (RCTs), support an inverse association between a Mediterranean dietary pattern and markers of inflammation. The link is generally independent of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and weight loss. The few studies that have examined the association between following a healthy dietary pattern, evaluated using various diet quality scores, and inflammation report an inverse association; however, this association was attenuated upon adjusting for CVD risk factors. A Mediterranean dietary pattern has also been associated with a reduced risk of the MetS in several cross-sectional studies and a few prospective studies conducted with healthy people. Few RCTs (lasting 1-2years) have confirmed the benefits of following a Mediterranean diet on MetS risk in obese individuals, in those with the MetS or in those at CVD risk. The evidence, albeit limited, for a link between healthy diets based on other diet quality scores and the MetS supports a similar inverse association for the primary and secondary prevention of the MetS. CONCLUSION Adhering to healthy diets such as the Mediterranean diet and/or national dietary guidelines can reduce inflammation and the MetS.
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168
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Dietary Pattern Classifications and the Association with General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Korean Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:1550-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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169
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Using geospatial technologies to explore activity-based retail food environments. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2012; 3:287-95. [PMID: 23149325 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated relationships between neighborhood-level retail food environments and obesity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Most, however, have been limited by the use of residential neighborhoods to define food environments. This study recruited 121 participants to supply three days of Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data to explore daily activity spaces and food environments. Participants also answered two surveys regarding personal characteristics, and diet and food purchasing. Several food environment measures were calculated for food locations within a half-mile of their GPS tracks. Non-parametric statistics examined (1) differences between activity- and neighborhood-based food environments, (2) associations between personal characteristics and activity-based food environments, and (3) associations between diet, purchasing, and activity-based food environments. Activity- and neighborhood-based food environments were significantly different. Several associations were observed among activity-based food environment measures and personal characteristics. Dietary intake, food purchasing, and obesity were associated with some activity-based food environment measures.
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170
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Boeing H, Bechthold A, Bub A, Ellinger S, Haller D, Kroke A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Müller MJ, Oberritter H, Schulze M, Stehle P, Watzl B. Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases. Eur J Nutr 2012; 51:637-63. [PMID: 22684631 PMCID: PMC3419346 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 992] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetables and fruit provide a significant part of human nutrition, as they are important sources of nutrients, dietary fibre, and phytochemicals. However, it is uncertain whether the risk of certain chronic diseases can be reduced by increased consumption of vegetables or fruit by the general public, and what strength of evidence has to be allocated to such an association. METHODS Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the studies available in the literature and the respective study results has been performed and evaluated regarding obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, osteoporosis, eye diseases, and dementia. For judgement, the strength of evidence for a risk association, the level of evidence, and the number of studies were considered, the quality of the studies and their estimated relevance based on study design and size. RESULTS For hypertension, CHD, and stroke, there is convincing evidence that increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruit reduces the risk of disease. There is probable evidence that the risk of cancer in general is inversely associated with the consumption of vegetables and fruit. In addition, there is possible evidence that an increased consumption of vegetables and fruit may prevent body weight gain. As overweight is the most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, an increased consumption of vegetables and fruit therefore might indirectly reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Independent of overweight, there is probable evidence that there is no influence of increased consumption on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is possible evidence that increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruit lowers the risk of certain eye diseases, dementia and the risk of osteoporosis. Likewise, current data on asthma, COPD, and RA indicate that an increase in vegetable and fruit consumption may contribute to the prevention of these diseases. For IBD, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, there was insufficient evidence regarding an association with the consumption of vegetables and fruit. CONCLUSIONS This critical review on the associations between the intake of vegetables and fruit and the risk of several chronic diseases shows that a high daily intake of these foods promotes health. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, national campaigns to increase vegetable and fruit consumption are justified. The promotion of vegetable and fruit consumption by nutrition and health policies is a preferable strategy to decrease the burden of several chronic diseases in Western societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | | | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Nutrition and Food Research Centre, Chair for the Biofunctionality of Food, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | | | - Manfred J. Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
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171
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Kimokoti RW, Gona P, Zhu L, Newby PK, Millen BE, Brown LS, D’Agostino RB, Fung TT. Dietary patterns of women are associated with incident abdominal obesity but not metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2012; 142:1720-7. [PMID: 22833658 PMCID: PMC3417833 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.162479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the relationship between empirical dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in prospective study designs are limited. In addition, demographic and lifestyle determinants of MetS may modify the association between dietary patterns and the syndrome. We prospectively examined the relationship between empirically derived patterns and MetS and MetS components among 1146 women in the Framingham Offspring/Spouse cohort. They were aged 25-77 y with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m(2) and free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and MetS at baseline, and followed for a mean of 7 y. Five dietary patterns, Heart Healthier, Lighter Eating, Wine and Moderate Eating, Higher Fat, and Empty Calorie, were previously identified using cluster analysis from food intake collected using a FFQ. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed lower odds for abdominal obesity for Higher Fat [OR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.91)] and Wine and Moderate Eating clusters [OR = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.72)] compared with the Empty Calorie cluster. Additional adjustment for BMI somewhat attenuated these OR [Higher Fat OR = 0.52 (95% CI: 0.27, 1.00); Wine and Moderate Eating OR = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.89)]. None of the clusters was associated with MetS or other MetS components. Baseline smoking status and age did not modify the relation between dietary patterns and MetS. The Higher Fat and Wine and Moderate Eating patterns showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity; certain foods might be targeted in these habitual patterns to achieve optimal dietary patterns for MetS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth W. Kimokoti
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Philimon Gona
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics
| | - P. K. Newby
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA; and
| | | | - Lisa S. Brown
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA
| | - Ralph B. D’Agostino
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA,Department of Mathematics and Statistics
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172
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The use of cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns: methodological considerations, reproducibility, validity and the effect of energy mis-reporting. Proc Nutr Soc 2012; 71:599-609. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, dietary pattern analysis has come to the forefront of nutritional epidemiology, where the combined effects of total diet on health can be examined. Two analytical approaches are commonly used: a priori and a posteriori. Cluster analysis is a commonly used a posteriori approach, where dietary patterns are derived based on differences in mean dietary intake separating individuals into mutually exclusive, non-overlapping groups. This review examines the literature on dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in adult population groups, focusing, in particular, on methodological considerations, reproducibility, validity and the effect of energy mis-reporting. There is a wealth of research suggesting that the human diet can be described in terms of a limited number of eating patterns in healthy population groups using cluster analysis, where studies have accounted for differences in sex, age, socio-economic status, geographical area and weight status. Furthermore, patterns have been used to explore relationships with health and chronic diseases and more recently with nutritional biomarkers, suggesting that these patterns are biologically meaningful. Overall, it is apparent that consistent trends emerge when using cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns; however, future studies should focus on the inconsistencies in methodology and the effect of energy mis-reporting.
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173
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Dietary patterns: a novel approach to examine the link between nutrition and cognitive function in older individuals. Nutr Res Rev 2012; 25:207-22. [PMID: 22874455 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422412000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline may lead to dementia whose most frequent cause is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the many potential risk factors of cognitive decline and AD, diet raises increasing interest. Most studies considered diet in the frame of a single nutrient approach with inconsistent results. A novel approach to examine the link between nutrition and cognitive function is the use of dietary patterns. The aim of the present review was to update and complete the body of knowledge about dietary patterns in relationship with various cognitive outcomes in the elderly. Two approaches can be used: a priori and a posteriori patterns. A priori patterns are defined by the adhesion to a pre-defined healthy diet using a score such as the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) score, the Healthy Eating Index, the Canadian Healthy Eating Index, the French National Nutrition and Health Programme (Programme National Nutrition Santé) Guideline Score (PNNS-GS), the Recommended Food Score (RFS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). MeDi score, RFS, PNNS-GS and DASH have been associated with lower risks of cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, and dementia or AD. Principal components analysis, reduced rank regression and clustering methods allow the identification of 'healthy' patterns associated with lower risk of cognitive decline. However, some studies did not report any associations with cognitive outcomes and results are discordant especially regarding MeDi and the risk of dementia. Several methodological challenges should be overcome to provide a higher level of evidence supporting the development of nutritional policies to prevent cognitive decline and AD.
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174
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Newby PK, Noel SE, Grant R, Judd S, Shikany JM, Ard J. Race and region have independent and synergistic effects on dietary intakes in black and white women. Nutr J 2012; 11:25. [PMID: 22500645 PMCID: PMC3386860 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the effects of race and region on dietary intakes and the evidence on racial and regional disparities among women is limited. We aimed to examine whether race and region were associated with nutrient intakes among black and white women living in the Stroke Belt, Stroke Buckle, and Other regions in the United States. We hypothesized that significant differences would be observed among population sub-groups and that the effects of race on dietary intakes would vary across regions. METHODS This study included dietary data from 12,105 women from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (United States). Dietary data were collected using the Block 98 food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Blacks consumed 1.05% lower energy from saturated fat (95% CI: -0.95, -1.16), and intakes were also lower in the Buckle (β = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.32) and Belt (β = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.46) compared to the Other regions. Within each region, sodium, potassium, and magnesium intakes were all lower among black women compared to white women (P <0.05 for all); intakes were significantly lower among blacks living in the Belt and Buckle compared to those in the Other regions. Significant interactions between race and region were detected for trans fat, calcium, and cholesterol (P <0.05 for all), where black women in the Other regions consumed the lowest dietary cholesterol and calcium while black women in the Belt consumed the lowest trans fat. CONCLUSIONS Race and region were significantly associated with nutrient intakes in a large study of black and non-Hispanic white women in the United States. Intakes of trans fat, calcium, and cholesterol among black and white women differed across regions. Race and region thus interact to impact dietary intakes, and their effects may be mediated by such factors as the broader food environment and food availability as well as food customs and culture. Race, region, and their correlates should therefore be considered together when examining diet and disease associations and planning dietary advice for population sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Newby
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Program in Graduate Medical Nutrition Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Program in Gastronomy, Culinary Arts, and Wine Studies, Boston University Metropolitan College, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rachael Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Jamy Ard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3412, USA
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175
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Bautista-Castaño I, Serra-Majem L. Relationship between bread consumption, body weight, and abdominal fat distribution: evidence from epidemiological studies. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:218-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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176
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Azagba S, Sharaf MF. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Body Mass Index. J Prim Care Community Health 2012; 3:210-20. [DOI: 10.1177/2150131911434206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Empirical evidence on the relationship between consumption of fruits and vegetables and body weight is inconclusive. Previous studies mostly use linear regression methods to study the correlates of the conditional mean of body mass index (BMI). This approach may be less informative if the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and BMI significantly varies across the BMI distribution. Objective: The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the BMI is examined using quantile regression. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 11,818 individuals from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2004) is used. A quantile regression model is estimated to account for the potential heterogeneous association between fruit and vegetable intake and BMI at different points of the conditional BMI distribution. The analyses are stratified by gender. Results: The multivariate analyses reveal that the association between fruit and vegetable intake and BMI is negative and statistically significant for both males and females; however, this association varies across the conditional quantiles of the BMI distribution. In particular, the estimates are larger for individuals at the higher quantiles of the distribution. The ordinary least squares (OLS) model overstates (understates) the association between FV intake and BMI at the lower (higher) half of the conditional BMI distribution. Conclusion: Findings of the standard models that assume uniform response across different quantiles of BMI distribution may be misleading. The findings of this paper suggest that increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables may be an effective dietary strategy to control weight and mitigate the risk of obesity.
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177
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Kim J, Jo I, Joung H. A rice-based traditional dietary pattern is associated with obesity in Korean adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012; 112:246-53. [PMID: 22732459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns are critical in the prevention of chronic disease. The relationship between specific dietary patterns and obesity has not been evaluated in a Korean adult population. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether specific dietary patterns are associated with obesity using survey data of the largest, nationally representative, general Korean population. DESIGN The cross-sectional study was comprised of 10,089 Korean adults (19 years or older) who participated in the second and third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted in 2001 and 2005, respectively. Dietary data were assessed by 24-hour recall method. Obesity was defined as body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)) ≥25, which is the cutoff point for adults in the Asian and Pacific regions. RESULTS Four dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis (white rice and kimchi pattern; high-fat, sweets, and coffee pattern; meat and alcohol pattern; and grains, vegetables, and fish pattern). Each dietary pattern explained 8.6%, 6.7%, 5.7%, and 5.7% of the variation in food intake, respectively. The white rice and kimchi pattern (P for trend=0.0039) and the high-fat, sweets, and coffee pattern (P for trend=0.0054) were positively associated with obesity after adjustments for age, sex, energy intake, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, and chronic diseases. No significant association was found among the meat and alcohol pattern; the grains, vegetables, and fish pattern; and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Specific dietary patterns, which include the white rice and kimchi and high-fat, sweets, and coffee patterns, may be independently associated with obesity in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
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178
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Abstract
Inclusion of whole grains (WG) in the diet is recommended in dietary guidance around the world because of their associations with increased health and reduced risk of chronic disease. WGs are linked to reduced risk of obesity or weight gain; reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, and stroke; improved gut health and decreased risk of cancers of the upper gut; perhaps reduced risk of colorectal cancer; and lower mortality rate. The 2005 United States Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee has recommended that consumers make "half their grains whole." Yet, whole grains are puzzling both consumers and scientists. Scientists are trying to determine whether their health benefits are due to the synergy of WG components, individual WG components, or the fact that WG eaters make many of the recommended diet and lifestyle choices. Consumers need to understand the WG benefits and how to identify WG foods to have incentive to purchase and use such foods. Industry needs to develop great-tasting, clearly-labeled products. With both these factors working together, it will be possible to change WG consumption habits among consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Miller Jones
- Family, Consumer, and Nutritional Sciences, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105, USA.
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179
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Williams PG. Evaluation of the evidence between consumption of refined grains and health outcomes. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:80-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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180
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent investigations have reported an association between depression and geriatric syndromes associated with low body mass, including frailty and osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between depression and body composition among older adults. METHODS Data were from a case-cohort study (n = 98) of adults aged 60 and older nested within the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. Lifetime depression syndrome was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Body composition (total and central lean and fat mass) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The association between depression and body composition was evaluated using linear regression with bootstrap standard errors. RESULTS Overall, there was no association between depression and total fat or total lean body mass. Among women, depression was associated with reduced central fat (B = -3.6 kg, p < 0.06) and lean (B = -3.3 kg, p < 0.04) mass adjusting for age, race, smoking status, and physical activity. Depression was unrelated to total or central fat or lean mass among men. CONCLUSIONS Depression is associated with significantly lower central fat and lean mass among older women. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that depression and frailty are interrelated in later life, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Mezuk
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Sherita Hill Golden
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - William W. Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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181
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Kachan D, Lewis JE, Davila EP, Arheart KL, LeBlanc WG, Fleming LE, Cabán-Martinez AJ, Lee DJ. Nutrient intake and adherence to dietary recommendations among US workers. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 54:101-5. [PMID: 22193114 PMCID: PMC3258352 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31823ccafa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess nutrient intake according to dietary guidelines among US worker groups. METHODS Participants of 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey completed two 24-hour recall dietary interviews to assess daily intake of protein, carbohydrate, fat, cholesterol, calcium, sodium, and fiber. Employed participants (n = 8987) were classified as (1) white collar, (2) service worker, (3) farmer, and (4) blue collar. RESULTS Nutrient intake varied by occupational group, particularly for fiber, sodium, calories, and percentage of calories from protein, saturated fat, and carbohydrate. Adherence to recommendations was noted for saturated fat and cholesterol, but workers were poorly adherent to recommendations for all other nutrients, particularly fiber. CONCLUSIONS Workers display differences in nutrient intake across occupational groups with poor eating behaviors evident across all groups. Fiber is particularly poorly consumed, with less than 5% of all US workers meeting the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kachan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla, USA
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182
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McKeown NM, Hruby A, Saltzman E, Choumenkovitch SF, Jacques PF. Weighing in on Whole Grains: A Review of Evidence Linking Whole Grains to Body Weight. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2012. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-57-1-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. McKeown
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - A. Hruby
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - E. Saltzman
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - S. Furlong Choumenkovitch
- John Hancock Research Center on Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Obesity Prevention, Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - P. F. Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
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183
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Noh HY, Song YJ, Lee JE, Joung H, Park MK, Li SJ, Paik HY. Dietary patterns are associated with physical growth among school girls aged 9-11 years. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:569-77. [PMID: 22259683 PMCID: PMC3259301 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.6.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify dietary patterns among Korean elementary school girls based on the change in body mass index (BMI), body fat, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) during 22 months and to explore the characteristics of dietary patterns identified. Girls aged 9-11 years were recruited and 3-day dietary data were collected four times. Subjects with a diet record of 8 or more days and anthropometric data measured at baseline and 22 months later were included (n = 198). Reduced rank regression was utilized to derive dietary patterns using a change in BMI, body fat, and calcaneus BMD and BMC as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: the "Egg and Rice" dietary pattern and "Fruit, Nuts, Milk Beverage, Egg, Grain" (FNMBEG) dietary pattern. Subjects who had high score on the FNMBEG pattern consumed various food groups, including fruits, nuts and seeds, and dairy products, whereas subjects in the "Egg and Rice" dietary pattern group did not. Both dietary patterns showed a positive association with change in BMI and body fat. However, subjects who had a higher score on the "Egg and Rice" dietary pattern had less of a BMC increase, whereas subjects who had a higher score on the FMBEG dietary pattern had more increased BMC over 22 months after adjusting for age, body and bone mass, and Tanner stage at baseline. Our results provide evidence that a well-balanced diet contributes to lean body mass growth among young girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Noh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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184
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Agrawal P, Mishra V, Agrawal S. Covariates of maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: findings from a nationwide cross sectional survey. J Public Health (Oxf) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-011-0477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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185
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Abstract
Cereal-based food products have been the basis of the human diet since ancient times. Dietary guidelines all over the world are recommending the inclusion of whole grains because of the increasing evidence that whole grains and whole-grain-based products have the ability to enhance health beyond the simple provision of energy and nutrients. In this review we will examine the main chemical components present in whole grains that may have health enhancing properties (dietary fiber, inulin, beta-glucan, resistant starch, carotenoids, phenolics, tocotrienols, and tocopherols) and the role that whole grains may play in disease prevention (cardiovascular diseases and strokes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, as well as different forms of cancer). The knowledge derived from the functional properties of the different chemical components present in whole grains will aid in the formulation and development of new food products with health enhancing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Borneo
- Cátedra Química Aplicada, Facultad Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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186
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Choi B, Schnall P, Dobson M, Israel L, Landsbergis P, Galassetti P, Pontello A, Kojaku S, Baker D. Exploring occupational and behavioral risk factors for obesity in firefighters: a theoretical framework and study design. Saf Health Work 2011; 2:301-12. [PMID: 22953214 PMCID: PMC3430916 DOI: 10.5491/shaw.2011.2.4.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Firefighters and police officers have the third highest prevalence of obesity among 41 male occupational groups in the United States (US). However, few studies have examined the relationship of firefighter working conditions and health behaviors with obesity. This paper presents a theoretical framework describing the relationship between working conditions, health behaviors, and obesity in firefighters. In addition, the paper describes a detailed study plan for exploring the role of occupational and behavioral risk factors in the development of obesity in firefighters enrolled in the Orange County Fire Authority Wellness Fitness Program. The study plan will be described with emphasis on its methodological merits: adopting a participatory action research approach, developing a firefighter-specific work and health questionnaire, conducting both a cross-sectional epidemiological study using the questionnaire and a sub-study to assess the validity of the questionnaire with dietary intake and physical activity measures, and evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of the body mass index as an obesity measure in comparison to skinfold-based percent body fat. The study plan based on a theoretical framework can be an essential first step for establishing effective intervention programs for obesity among professional and voluntary firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyoo Choi
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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187
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Lohse B, Bailey RL, Krall JS, Wall DE, Mitchell DC. Diet quality is related to eating competence in cross-sectional sample of low-income females surveyed in Pennsylvania. Appetite 2011; 58:645-50. [PMID: 22142509 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Women participants of two federally administered nutrition education programs (n=149, 56% white, 64% food secure, 86% 18-50 years of age,) completed telephone interviews that included three 24-hour dietary recalls and the Satter Eating Competence Inventory. Eating competence is delineated by an Inventory score≥32. Competent eaters had significantly greater intakes of fiber, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, most B-vitamins, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium and a higher Healthy Eating Index. Two dietary patterns defined as Prudent and Western were observed. The Prudent pattern was correlated with eating competence and characterized by more healthful foods such as fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products. The Western pattern, characterized by foods higher in fat, salt, and sugar, was not related to eating competence. Findings suggest that dietary guidance using an eating competence approach for low-income women is compatible with goals to improve dietary quality and eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lohse
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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188
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Keast DR, O'Neil CE, Jones JM. Dried fruit consumption is associated with improved diet quality and reduced obesity in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Nutr Res 2011; 31:460-7. [PMID: 21745628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies examining potential associations between dried fruit consumption, diet quality, and weight status are lacking. The goal of this study was to examine the association of dried fruit consumption with nutrient intake, diet quality, and anthropometric indicators of overweight/obesity. A secondary analysis of dietary and anthropometric data collected from adult (19+ years) participants (n = 13 292) of the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted. Dried fruit consumers were defined as those consuming amounts ⅛ cup-equivalent fruit per day or more and identified using 24-hour recalls. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index 2005. Covariate-adjusted means, SEs, prevalence rates, and odds ratios were determined to conduct statistical tests for differences between dried fruit consumers and nonconsumers. Seven percent of the population consumed dried fruit. Mean differences (P < .01) between consumers and nonconsumers in adult shortfall nutrients were dietary fiber (+6.6 g/d); vitamins A (+173 μg retinol activity equivalent per day), E (+1.5 mg α-tocopherol per day), C (+20 mg/d), and K (+20 mg/d); calcium (+103 mg/d); phosphorus (+126 mg/d); magnesium (+72 mg/d); and potassium (+432 mg/d). Dried fruit consumers had improved MyPyramid food intake, including lower solid fats/alcohol/added sugars intake, and a higher solid fats/alcohol/added sugars score (11.1 ± 0.2 vs 8.2 ± 0.1) than nonconsumers. The total Healthy Eating Index 2005 score was significantly higher (P < .01) in consumers (59.3 ± 0.5) than nonconsumers (49.4 ± 0.3). Covariate-adjusted weight (78.2 ± 0.6 vs 80.7 ± 0.3 kg), body mass index (27.1 ± 0.2 vs 28.1 ± 0.2), and waist circumference (94.0 ± 0.5 vs 96.5 ± 0.2 cm) were lower (P < .01) in consumers than nonconsumers, respectively. Dried fruit consumption was associated with improved nutrient intakes, a higher overall diet quality score, and lower body weight/adiposity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra R Keast
- Food & Nutrition Database Research, Inc, Okemos, MI 48864, USA
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189
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Dietary patterns are associated with body mass index in a Korean population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:1182-6. [PMID: 21802564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in dietary habits may be associated with the increased prevalence of obesity in South Korea. Therefore, we aimed to identify major dietary patterns and to evaluate the association between these patterns and body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)) in a Korean population. Typical dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional study of 1,118 subjects aged 30 to 70 years who underwent health screening examinations. Dietary patterns were derived from 39 predefined food groups using factor analysis. A body mass index >27.5 was used as an indicator of obesity. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between obesity and dietary patterns. Three dietary patterns (vegetable-seafood, meat-fat, and snack) were identified and seem to be closely associated with lifestyle factors, including physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the meat-fat dietary pattern was positively associated with obesity (odds ratio for high tertile vs low tertile intake=2.78 [95% confidence interval: 1.43 to 5.42]; P for trend=0.008), whereas the vegetable-seafood and snack dietary patterns showed no association with obesity. Results suggest that diets high in meat, oil, and sugar may be associated with obesity status in Korean adults.
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190
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Anderson AL, Harris TB, Tylavsky FA, Perry SE, Houston DK, Lee JS, Kanaya AM, Sahyoun NR. Dietary patterns, insulin sensitivity and inflammation in older adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 66:18-24. [PMID: 21915138 PMCID: PMC3251708 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Several studies have linked dietary patterns to insulin sensitivity and systemic inflammation, which affect risk of multiple chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary patterns of a cohort of older adults, and examine relationships of dietary patterns with markers of insulin sensitivity and systemic inflammation. Subjects/Methods The Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study is a prospective cohort study of 3075 older adults. In Health ABC, multiple indicators of glucose metabolism and systemic inflammation were assessed. Food intake was estimated with a modified Block food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In this study, dietary patterns of 1751 participants with complete data were derived by cluster analysis. Results Six clusters were identified, including a ‘Healthy foods’ cluster, characterized by higher intake of lowfat dairy products, fruit, whole grains, poultry, fish and vegetables. In the main analysis, the ‘Healthy foods’ cluster had significantly lower fasting insulin and HOMA-IR than the ‘Breakfast cereal’ and ‘High-fat dairy products’ clusters, and lower fasting glucose than the ‘High-fat dairy products’ cluster (P ≤ 0.05). No differences were found in 2-hour glucose. With respect to inflammation, the ‘Healthy foods’ cluster had lower IL-6 than the ‘Sweets and desserts’ and ‘High-fat dairy products’ clusters, and no differences were seen in CRP or TNF-α. Conclusions A dietary pattern high in lowfat dairy products, fruit, whole grains, poultry, fish and vegetables may be associated with greater insulin sensitivity and lower systemic inflammation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Anderson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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191
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Andaya AA, Arredondo EM, Alcaraz JE, Lindsay SP, Elder JP. The association between family meals, TV viewing during meals, and fruit, vegetables, soda, and chips intake among Latino children. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 43:308-315. [PMID: 20965787 PMCID: PMC3117953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the relationship of family meals to children's consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as soda and chips. Additionally, to assess the relationship between viewing TV during family meals and children's diet. DESIGN Cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire completed by parents. SETTING Thirteen schools in San Diego, California. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred ninety-four children and their parents. ANALYSIS Ordinal regression assessed associations between children's intake of fruit, vegetables, soda, and chips with family meal frequency and TV viewing during family meals. RESULTS Children who consumed breakfast, lunch, or dinner with their family at least 4 days per week ate fruit and vegetables 5 or more times a week 84%, 85%, and 80%, respectively. Of those children who ate breakfast, lunch, or dinner with their family at least 4 days per week, 40%, 44%, and 43% consumed soda and chips 5 or more times a week, respectively. Children who ate breakfast with their families at least 4 times a week were more likely to consume fruit and vegetables, and children whose TV was never or rarely on during family meals were less likely to consume soda and chips (P = .04 and P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Interventions geared at increasing the frequency of eating breakfast as a family and decreasing the amount of TV watched during family meals are needed, especially among acculturating Latino families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abegail A Andaya
- San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, CA, USA.
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192
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Moura Souza AD, Bezerra IN, Cunha DB, Sichieri R. Avaliação dos marcadores de consumo alimentar do VIGITEL (2007-2009). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2011; 14 Suppl 1:44-52. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2011000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar as questões marcadoras de consumo alimentar do Sistema Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico e sua evolução temporal. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 135.249 indivíduos de 27 cidades brasileiras, entrevistados nos anos de 2007 - 2009. Os marcadores de consumo alimentar foram descritos a partir da frequência de consumo de frutas, hortaliças, feijão, leite integral e desnatado, refrigerante normal e diet/light, e consumo de gordura aparente das carnes e a pele do frango. Avaliou-se a evolução temporal desses marcadores e, adicionalmente, testou-se a elaboração de um escore de alimentação saudável e a identificação de padrões alimentares por meio da análise de cluster. RESULTADOS: Observou-se aumento estatisticamente significativo nas frequências de consumo de feijão, leite integral e refrigerante normal e diminuição no consumo de leite desnatado. Mesmo com aumento de 11 para 13% de indivíduos que referiram consumir feijão diariamente, esses percentuais são baixos; assim como o consumo recomendado de 3 porções de frutas e 3 porções de hortaliças por dia, que foi referido por menos de 15% da população em todos os anos, com queda de 5 para 3% para as hortaliças. O refrigerante não diet foi o item com maior aumento no consumo, passando de 60 para 67%. Os itens avaliados apresentaram fraca correlação e não configuram um constructo único de alimentação saudável. CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade da dieta dos brasileiros tem piorado e é necessária melhor qualificação dos marcadores alimentares considerados de risco para doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis.
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193
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The association between body shape silhouette and dietary pattern among Mexican women. Public Health Nutr 2011; 15:116-25. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and self-perceived body shape silhouette and BMI in a sample of Mexican women.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of dietary habits from baseline data of a large cohort study (EsMaestra) conducted in 2006–2008.SettingThe state of Veracruz, Mexico.SubjectsMexican teachers (n 20 330) provided information on body shape silhouette at baseline, changes in body shape silhouette and BMI, as well as information on sociodemographic variables and lifestyle.ResultsThe median BMI was 26·8 kg/m2; 43 % of women were overweight and 24 % were obese. The carbohydrates, sweet drinks and refined foods pattern was associated with a greater risk of having a large silhouette and a large BMI (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2v. BMI < 25·0 kg/m2; ORT1−3 = 1·86, 95 % CI 1·56, 2·22 and 1·47, 95 % CI 1·28, 1·69, respectively) with a significant trend when comparing the first and third tertiles of intake. The fruit and vegetable pattern was associated with a lower risk of having a large silhouette and a large BMI (ORT1−3 = 0·68, 95 % CI 0·57, 0·82 and ORT1−3 = 0·77, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·88, respectively) with a significant decreasing trend. Similar results were observed when change in silhouette (from 18 years of age to current silhouette) was considered.ConclusionsHigh intakes of carbohydrates, sweet drinks and refined foods are related to larger silhouettes. Public health intervention improving access to healthy dietary guidelines, healthy food choice in the work place, promotion of physical activity and regulation of beverages with a high sugar content and of refined foods should be considered.
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194
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Diet quality and change in anthropometric measures: 15-year longitudinal study in Australian adults. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:1376-85. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511004351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from longitudinal studies on the association between diet quality and change in anthropometric measures is scarce. We therefore investigated the relationship between a recently developed food-based dietary index and change in measured BMI and waist circumference (WC) in Australian adults (1992–2007). We used data from the Australian population-based Nambour Skin Cancer Study comprising 1231 adults aged 25–75 years at baseline (1992). We applied generalised estimating equations (GEE) to examine the association between diet quality and change in anthropometric measures. Dietary intake was assessed by an FFQ in 1992, 1996 and 2007. Diet quality was estimated using the dietary guideline index (DGI), developed to reflect the dietary guidelines for Australian adults; a higher score indicating increased compliance. Multivariable models, stratified by sex, were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. We show that men with higher diet quality had a lower gain in BMI as compared to those with low diet quality during the 15-year follow-up. In a multivariable adjusted model, as compared to men in quartile 1 (reference), those in the highest quartile had the lowest gain in BMI (mean (95 % CI): 0·05 (0·00, 0·09) v. 0·11 (0·06, 0·16) kg/m2 per year, P =0·01). Diet quality was inversely, but non-significantly associated with change in WC. In women, DGI score was unrelated to change in any body measure. Energy underreporting did not explain the lack of association. We conclude that adherence to a high-quality diet according to Australian dietary guidelines leads to lower gain in BMI and WC in middle-aged men, but not in women.
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195
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Romaguera D, Ängquist L, Du H, Jakobsen MU, Forouhi NG, Halkjær J, Feskens EJM, van der A DL, Masala G, Steffen A, Palli D, Wareham NJ, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Boeing H, Riboli E, Sørensen TI. Food composition of the diet in relation to changes in waist circumference adjusted for body mass index. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23384. [PMID: 21858094 PMCID: PMC3157378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary factors such as low energy density and low glycemic index were associated with a lower gain in abdominal adiposity. A better understanding of which food groups/items contribute to these associations is necessary. Objective To ascertain the association of food groups/items consumption on prospective annual changes in “waist circumference for a given BMI” (WCBMI), a proxy for abdominal adiposity. Design We analyzed data from 48,631 men and women from 5 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Anthropometric measurements were obtained at baseline and after a median follow-up time of 5.5 years. WCBMI was defined as the residuals of waist circumference regressed on BMI, and annual change in WCBMI (ΔWCBMI, cm/y) was defined as the difference between residuals at follow-up and baseline, divided by follow-up time. The association between food groups/items and ΔWCBMI was modelled using centre-specific adjusted linear regression, and random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled estimates. Results Higher fruit and dairy products consumption was associated with a lower gain in WCBMI whereas the consumption of white bread, processed meat, margarine, and soft drinks was positively associated with ΔWCBMI. When these six food groups/items were analyzed in combination using a summary score, those in the highest quartile of the score – indicating a more favourable dietary pattern –showed a ΔWCBMI of −0.11 (95% CI −0.09 to −0.14) cm/y compared to those in the lowest quartile. Conclusion A dietary pattern high in fruit and dairy and low in white bread, processed meat, margarine, and soft drinks may help to prevent abdominal fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Romaguera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
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196
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Dzien A, Winner H, Theurl E, Dzien-Bischinger C, Lechleitner M. Body mass index in a large cohort of patients assigned to age decades between <20 and ≥80 years: relationship with cardiovascular morbidity and medication. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:536-41. [PMID: 21808931 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an ongoing debate about the relationship between obesity and morbidity in the elderly, the clinical relevance of overweight and obesity in older patients and the need or harms of treatment. The main purpose of our study was to investigate whether a higher BMI is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk in all age groups, especially in the older ones. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN We performed a retrospective evaluation of clinical data from 3926 patients who visited a medical outdoor center for diagnostic and/or therapeutic interventions in the period from January 1995 to July 2010. Patients were assigned to eight age groups of one decade from <20 years to ≥80 years. RESULTS The Body Mass Index (BMI) of our patients showed a continuous increase with increasing age with peak values in the age decade 61-70 years (26.29 ±4.42 kg/m2). This was paralleled by an increase in cardiovascular events and need for continuous medication, demonstrating peak values in the age decade 61-70 years (22.3% in the female and 24.7% in the male group). In all age decades up to 80 years the BMI values were higher in patients with events compared to those without it. multivariable linear regression analysis - including confounding variables (blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, physical activity, smoking) - revealed for all age groups a strong positive relation of BMI and a negative relation of fat free mass (FFM) to the probability for a cardiovascular event and need for medication. CONCLUSION In all age groups, the percentage of cardiovascular events was directly correlated with the BMI. Having in mind the transition to an aging society, therapeutic and preventive strategies should, therefore, include weight management strategies also for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dzien
- Medical Center Hentschelhof, Buergerstrasse, Innsbruck, Austria
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197
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Kim J, Jo I. Grains, Vegetables, and Fish Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in South Korean Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:1141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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198
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Casas-Agustench P, Bulló M, Ros E, Basora J, Salas-Salvadó J. Cross-sectional association of nut intake with adiposity in a Mediterranean population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:518-525. [PMID: 20219336 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nut intake has been inversely related to body mass index (BMI) in prospective studies. We examined dietary determinants of adiposity in an elderly Mediterranean population with customarily high nut consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 847 subjects (56% women, mean age 67 years, BMI 29.7kg/m(2)) at high cardiovascular risk recruited into the PREDIMED study. Food consumption was evaluated by a validated semi-quantitative questionnaire, energy expenditure in physical activity by the Minnesota Leisure Time Activity questionnaire, and anthropometric variables by standard measurements. Nut intake decreased across quintiles of both BMI and waist circumference (P-trend <0.005; both). Alcohol ingestion was inversely related to BMI (P-trend=0.020) and directly to waist (P-trend=0.011), while meat intake was directly associated with waist circumference (P-trend=0.018). In fully adjusted multivariable models, independent dietary associations of BMI were the intake of nuts inversely (P=0.002) and that of meat and meat products directly (P=0.042). For waist circumference, independent dietary associations were intake of nuts (P=0.002) and vegetables (P=0.040), both inversely, and intake of meat and meat products directly (P=0.009). From the regression coefficients, it was predicted that BMI and waist circumference decreased by 0.78kg/m(2) and 2.1cm, respectively, for each serving of 30g of nuts. Results were similar in men and women. CONCLUSION Nut consumption was inversely associated with adiposity independently of other lifestyle variables. It remains to be explored whether residual confounding related to a healthier lifestyle of nut eaters might in part explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Casas-Agustench
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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199
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Claro RM, Jaime PC, Lock K, Fisberg RM, Monteiro CA. Discrepancies among ecological, household, and individual data on fruits and vegetables consumption in Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2011; 26:2168-76. [PMID: 21180990 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010001100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on fruits and vegetables consumption in Brazil in the three levels of dietary data was analyzed and compared. Data about national supply came from Food Balance Sheets compiled by the FAO; household availability information was obtained from the Brazilian National Household Budget Survey (HBS); and actual intake information came from a large individual dietary intake survey that was representative of the adult population of São Paulo city. All sources of information were collected between 2002 and 2003. A subset of the HBS, representative of São Paulo city, was used in our analysis in order to improve the quality of the comparison with actual intake data. The ratio of national supply to household availability of fruits and vegetables was 2.6 while the ratio of national supply to actual intake was 4.0. The discrepancy ratio in the comparison between household availability and actual intake was smaller, 1.6. While the use of supply and availability data has advantages, as lower cost, must be taken into account that these sources tend to overestimate actual intake of fruits and vegetables.
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McGill CR, Wightman JD, Fulgoni SA, Fulgoni VL. Consumption of Purple/Blue Produce Is Associated With Increased Nutrient Intake and Reduced Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Am J Lifestyle Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827610391888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of consuming purple/blue fruit and vegetables (P/B) on nutrient intakes and physiological parameters, a secondary analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 data for children aged 5 to 18 years (n = 6345) and adults 19+ years (n = 8827) was conducted. Compared with nonconsumers (n = 13 304), P/B consumers (n = 1559) had increased intakes of total fruit (P < .0001), dietary fiber (P ≤ .0001), vitamin C (P < .001), and potassium (P < .0001) and decreased intakes of added sugar (P < .0001). P/B consumers had higher energy intakes (P < .001), but among children, there were no differences in weight or body mass index (BMI) for age between groups; among adults, lower weight and BMI (P < .0001) were found as compared with nonconsumers. Adult P/B consumers had significantly reduced risk for 3 of the 5 risk factors that define the metabolic syndrome (MetS): elevated blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, and increased waist circumference. An additional analysis for the subgroup of 100% grape juice (GJ) consumers was conducted. GJ consumers (n = 270) also had higher intakes of fruit (P < .001), vitamin C (P < .001), and potassium (P < .005) and lower intakes of added sugar (P < .01) compared with GJ nonconsumers (n = 14 902), with no differences in weight, BMI, or waist circumference. Consumption of P/B produce was associated with increased fruit and nutrient intakes and with reduced risk for MetS. GJ consumption was also associated with increased nutrient intake.
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