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Munns R, Day DA, Fricke W, Watt M, Arsova B, Barkla BJ, Bose J, Byrt CS, Chen ZH, Foster KJ, Gilliham M, Henderson SW, Jenkins CLD, Kronzucker HJ, Miklavcic SJ, Plett D, Roy SJ, Shabala S, Shelden MC, Soole KL, Taylor NL, Tester M, Wege S, Wegner LH, Tyerman SD. Energy costs of salt tolerance in crop plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1072-1090. [PMID: 31004496 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is expanding into regions that are affected by salinity. This review considers the energetic costs of salinity tolerance in crop plants and provides a framework for a quantitative assessment of costs. Different sources of energy, and modifications of root system architecture that would maximize water vs ion uptake are addressed. Energy requirements for transport of salt (NaCl) to leaf vacuoles for osmotic adjustment could be small if there are no substantial leaks back across plasma membrane and tonoplast in root and leaf. The coupling ratio of the H+ -ATPase also is a critical component. One proposed leak, that of Na+ influx across the plasma membrane through certain aquaporin channels, might be coupled to water flow, thus conserving energy. For the tonoplast, control of two types of cation channels is required for energy efficiency. Transporters controlling the Na+ and Cl- concentrations in mitochondria and chloroplasts are largely unknown and could be a major energy cost. The complexity of the system will require a sophisticated modelling approach to identify critical transporters, apoplastic barriers and root structures. This modelling approach will inform experimentation and allow a quantitative assessment of the energy costs of NaCl tolerance to guide breeding and engineering of molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David A Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Michelle Watt
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Helmholtz Association, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Helmholtz Association, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2481, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kylie J Foster
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sam W Henderson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Colin L D Jenkins
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stanley J Miklavcic
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Darren Plett
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart J Roy
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Megan C Shelden
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Kathleen L Soole
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefanie Wege
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Lars H Wegner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Pulsed Power and Microwave Technology (IHM), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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152
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Hayat F, Ahmed MA, Zarebanadkouki M, Javaux M, Cai G, Carminati A. Transpiration Reduction in Maize ( Zea mays L) in Response to Soil Drying. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1695. [PMID: 32038676 PMCID: PMC6989490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between leaf water potential, soil water potential, and transpiration depends on soil and plant hydraulics and stomata regulation. Recent concepts of stomatal response to soil drying relate stomatal regulation to plant hydraulics, neglecting the loss of soil hydraulic conductance around the roots. Our objective was to measure the effect of soil drying on the soil-plant hydraulic conductance of maize and to test whether stomatal regulation avoids a loss of soil-plant hydraulic conductance in drying soils. We combined a root pressure chamber, in which the soil-root system is pressurized to maintain the leaf xylem at atmospheric pressure, with sap flow sensors to measure transpiration rate. The method provides accurate and high temporal resolution measurements of the relationship between transpiration rate and xylem leaf water potential. A simple soil-plant hydraulic model describing the flow of water across the soil, root, and xylem was used to simulate the relationship between leaf water potential and transpiration rate. The experiments were carried out with 5-week-old maize grown in cylinders of 9 cm diameter and 30 cm height filled with silty soil. The measurements were performed at four different soil water contents (WC). The results showed that the relationship between transpiration and leaf water potential was linear in wet soils, but as the soil dried, the xylem tension increased, and nonlinearities were observed at high transpiration rates. Nonlinearity in the relationship between transpiration and leaf water potential indicated a decrease in the soil-plant hydraulic conductance, which was explained by the loss of hydraulic conductivity around the roots. The hydraulic model well reproduced the observed leaf water potential. Parallel experiments performed with plants not being pressurized showed that plants closed stomata when the soil-plant hydraulic conductance decreased, maintaining the linearity between leaf water potential and transpiration rate. We conclude that stomata closure during soil drying is caused by the loss of soil hydraulic conductivity in a predictable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hayat
- Chair of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mutez Ali Ahmed
- Chair of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Division of Soil Hydrology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Mathieu Javaux
- Earth and Life Institute-Environmental Sciences, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gaochao Cai
- Chair of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Division of Soil Hydrology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Chair of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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153
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Coordination and Crosstalk between Autophagosome and Multivesicular Body Pathways in Plant Stress Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010119. [PMID: 31947769 PMCID: PMC7017292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, autophagosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are two closely related partners in the lysosomal/vacuolar protein degradation system. Autophagosomes are double membrane-bound organelles that transport cytoplasmic components, including proteins and organelles for autophagic degradation in the lysosomes/vacuoles. MVBs are single-membrane organelles in the endocytic pathway that contain intraluminal vesicles whose content is either degraded in the lysosomes/vacuoles or recycled to the cell surface. In plants, both autophagosome and MVB pathways play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. More recent studies have revealed that autophagosomes and MVBs also act together in plant stress responses in a variety of processes, including deployment of defense-related molecules, regulation of cell death, trafficking and degradation of membrane and soluble constituents, and modulation of plant hormone metabolism and signaling. In this review, we discuss these recent findings on the coordination and crosstalk between autophagosome and MVB pathways that contribute to the complex network of plant stress responses.
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154
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The Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein Gene KvTIP3 is Responsive to Different Abiotic Stresses in Kosteletzkya virginica. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2895795. [PMID: 31998785 PMCID: PMC6970491 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2895795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In higher plants, aquaporin proteins (AQPs) play important roles in the uptake of water across cell membranes. However, their functions in halophytes are still largely unknown. In this work, we isolated, cloned, and identified KvTIP3, a tonoplast intrinsic protein gene from Kosteletzkya virginica. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that KvTIP3 encoded a tonoplast protein with the common properties of AQPs. Further multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses showed that KvTIP3 shared 65%–82% homology with other AQPs from Arabidopsis, cotton, polar, and cocoa. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses revealed that KvTIP3 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues such as leaves, stems, and roots, with a predominant expression in roots. In addition, KvTIP3 transcript was strongly induced by NaCl, low temperature, and ABA in K. virginica. Our findings suggest that KvTIP3 encodes a new AQP possibly involved in multiple abiotic stress responses in K. virginica, and KvTIP3 could be used as a potential candidate gene for the improvement of plants resistant to various abiotic stresses.
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155
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Durand M, Cohen D, Aubry N, Buré C, Tomášková I, Hummel I, Brendel O, Le Thiec D. Element content and expression of genes of interest in guard cells are connected to spatiotemporal variations in stomatal conductance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:87-102. [PMID: 31423592 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Element content and expression of genes of interest on single cell types, such as stomata, provide valuable insights into their specific physiology, improving our understanding of leaf gas exchange regulation. We investigated how far differences in stomatal conductance (gs ) can be ascribed to changes in guard cells functioning in amphistomateous leaves. gs was measured during the day on both leaf sides, on well-watered and drought-stressed trees (two Populus euramericana Moench and two Populus nigra L. genotypes). In parallel, guard cells were dissected for element content and gene expressions analyses. Both were strongly arranged according to genotype, and drought had the lowest impact overall. Normalizing the data by genotype highlighted a structure on the basis of leaf sides and time of day both for element content and gene expression. Guard cells magnesium, phosphorus, and chlorine were the most abundant on the abaxial side in the morning, where gs was at the highest. In contrast, genes encoding H+ -ATPase and aquaporins were usually more abundant in the afternoon, whereas genes encoding Ca2+ -vacuolar antiporters, K+ channels, and ABA-related genes were in general more abundant on the adaxial side. Our work highlights the unique physiology of each leaf side and their analogous rhythmicity through the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Durand
- Inra, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, SILVA, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - David Cohen
- Inra, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, SILVA, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Nathalie Aubry
- Inra, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, SILVA, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Cyril Buré
- Inra, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, SILVA, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Department of Genetics and Physiology of Forest Trees, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Irène Hummel
- Inra, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, SILVA, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Oliver Brendel
- Inra, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, SILVA, F-54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Didier Le Thiec
- Inra, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, SILVA, F-54280, Champenoux, France
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156
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Chhetri HB, Furches A, Macaya-Sanz D, Walker AR, Kainer D, Jones P, Harman-Ware AE, Tschaplinski TJ, Jacobson D, Tuskan GA, DiFazio SP. Genome-Wide Association Study of Wood Anatomical and Morphological Traits in Populus trichocarpa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:545748. [PMID: 33013968 PMCID: PMC7509168 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.545748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the genetic mechanisms underlying wood anatomical and morphological traits in Populus trichocarpa, we used 869 unrelated genotypes from a common garden in Clatskanie, Oregon that were previously collected from across the distribution range in western North America. Using GEMMA mixed model analysis, we tested for the association of 25 phenotypic traits and nine multitrait combinations with 6.741 million SNPs covering the entire genome. Broad-sense trait heritabilities ranged from 0.117 to 0.477. Most traits were significantly correlated with geoclimatic variables suggesting a role of climate and geography in shaping the variation of this species. Fifty-seven SNPs from single trait GWAS and 11 SNPs from multitrait GWAS passed an FDR threshold of 0.05, leading to the identification of eight and seven nearby candidate genes, respectively. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained (PVE) by the significant SNPs for both single and multitrait GWAS ranged from 0.01% to 6.18%. To further evaluate the potential roles of candidate genes, we used a multi-omic network containing five additional data sets, including leaf and wood metabolite GWAS layers and coexpression and comethylation networks. We also performed a functional enrichment analysis on coexpression nearest neighbors for each gene model identified by the wood anatomical and morphological trait GWAS analyses. Genes affecting cell wall composition and transport related genes were enriched in wood anatomy and stomatal density trait networks. Signaling and metabolism related genes were also common in networks for stomatal density. For leaf morphology traits (leaf dry and wet weight) the networks were significantly enriched for GO terms related to photosynthetic processes as well as cellular homeostasis. The identified genes provide further insights into the genetic control of these traits, which are important determinants of the suitability and sustainability of improved genotypes for lignocellulosic biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari B. Chhetri
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Anna Furches
- Biosciences Division, and The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - David Macaya-Sanz
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Alejandro R. Walker
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - David Kainer
- Biosciences Division, and The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Piet Jones
- Biosciences Division, and The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Anne E. Harman-Ware
- Biosciences Center, and National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, and The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Biosciences Division, and The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, and The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Stephen P. DiFazio
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen P. DiFazio,
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157
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Li L, Pan S, Melzer R, Fricke W. Apoplastic barriers, aquaporin gene expression and root and cell hydraulic conductivity in phosphate-limited sheepgrass plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:118-132. [PMID: 31090074 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrient supply can affect the hydraulic property of roots. The aim of the present work on sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis L.) plants was to test whether any changes in root hydraulic conductivity (Lp; exudation analyses) in response to a growth-limiting supply of phosphate (P) are accompanied by changes in (1) cell Lp via measuring the cell pressure, (2) the aquaporin (AQP) gene expression by performing qPCR and (3) the formation of apoplastic barriers, by analyzing suberin lamella and Casparian bands via cross-sectional analyses in roots. Plants were grown hydroponically on complete nutrient solution, containing 250 µM P, until they were 31-36 days old, and then kept for 2-3 weeks on either complete solution, or transferred on solution containing 2.5 µM (low-P) or no added P (no-P). Phosphate treatments caused significant decreases in root and cell-Lp and AQP gene expression, while the formation of apoplastic barriers increased, particularly in lateral roots. Experiments using the AQP inhibitor mercury (Hg) suggested that a significant portion of radial root water uptake in sheepgrass occurs along a path involving AQPs, and that the Lp of this path is reduced under low- and no-P. It is concluded that a growth-limiting supply of phosphate causes parallel changes in (1) cell Lp and aquaporin gene expression (decrease) and (2) apoplastic barrier formation (increase), and that the two may combine to reduce root Lp. The reduction in root Lp, in turn, facilitates an increased root-to-shoot surface area ratio, which allocates resources to the root, sourcing the limiting nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sirui Pan
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rainer Melzer
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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158
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Patil S, Shinde M, Prashant R, Kadoo N, Upadhyay A, Gupta V. Comparative Proteomics Unravels the Differences in Salt Stress Response of Own-Rooted and 110R-Grafted Thompson Seedless Grapevines. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:583-599. [PMID: 31808345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thompson Seedless, a commonly grown table grape variety, is sensitive to salinity when grown on its own roots, and therefore, it is frequently grafted onto salinity-tolerant wild grapevine rootstocks. Rising soil salinity is a growing concern in irrigated agricultural systems. The accumulation of salts near the root zone severely hampers plant growth, leading to a decrease in the productive lifespan of grapevine and causing heavy yield losses to the farmer. In the present study, we investigated the differences in response to salinity between own-rooted Thompson Seedless (TSOR) and 110R-grafted Thompson Seedless (TS110R) grapevines, wherein 110R is reported to be a salt-tolerant rootstock. The grapevines were subjected to salt stress by treating them with a 150 mM NaCl solution. The stress-induced changes in protein abundance were investigated using a label-free shotgun proteomics approach at three time-points viz. 6 h, 48 h, and 7 days of salt treatment. A total of 2793 proteins were identified, of which 246 were differentially abundant at various time-points in TSOR and TS110R vines. The abundance of proteins involved in several biological processes such as photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, translation, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and generation of precursor metabolites was significantly affected by salt stress in both the vines but at different stages of stress. The results revealed that TSOR vines responded fervently to salt stress, while TS110R vines adopted a preventive approach. The findings of this study add to the knowledge of salinity response in woody and grafted plants and hence open the scope for further studies on salt stress-specific differences induced by grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta Patil
- Biochemical Sciences Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | - Manisha Shinde
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes , Pune 412307 , India
| | - Ramya Prashant
- Biochemical Sciences Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India
| | - Narendra Kadoo
- Biochemical Sciences Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | | | - Vidya Gupta
- Biochemical Sciences Division , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune 411008 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
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159
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Merlaen B, De Keyser E, Ding L, Leroux O, Chaumont F, Van Labeke MC. Physiological responses and aquaporin expression upon drought and osmotic stress in a conservative vs prodigal Fragaria x ananassa cultivar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:95-106. [PMID: 31675527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the understanding of plant water relations under drought stress, the water use behavior of two Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cultivars, contrasting in their drought stress phenotype, is identified. Under drought, stomatal closure is gradual in Figaro. Based on this, we associate Figaro with conservative water use behavior. Contrarily, drought stress causes a sudden and steep decrease in stomatal conductance in Flair, leading to the identification of Flair as a prodigal water use behavior cultivar. Responses to progressive drought on the one hand and an osmotic shock on the other hand are compared between these two cultivars. Tonoplast intrinsic protein mRNA levels are shown to be upregulated under progressive drought in the roots of Figaro only. Otherwise, aquaporin expression upon drought or osmotic stress is similar between both cultivars, i.e. plasma membrane intrinsic proteins are downregulated under progressive drought in leaves and under short term osmotic shock in roots. In response to osmotic shock, root hydraulic conductivity did not change significantly and stomatal closure is equal in both cultivars. De novo abscisic acid biosynthesis is upregulated in the roots of both cultivars under progressive drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Merlaen
- Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Leroux
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K L Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 5, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Christine Van Labeke
- Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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160
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Armand T, Cullen M, Boiziot F, Li L, Fricke W. Cortex cell hydraulic conductivity, endodermal apoplastic barriers and root hydraulics change in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in response to a low supply of N and P. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:1091-1107. [PMID: 31309230 PMCID: PMC7145705 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineral nutrient limitation affects the water flow through plants. We wanted to test on barley whether any change in root-to-shoot ratio in response to low supply of nitrogen and phosphate is accompanied by changes in root and cell hydraulic properties and involves changes in aquaporin (AQP) gene expression and root apoplastic barriers (suberin lamellae, Casparian bands). METHODS Plants were grown hydroponically on complete nutrient solution or on solution containing only 3.3 % or 2.5 % of the control level of nutrient. Plants were analysed when they were 14-18 d old. RESULTS Nutrient-limited plants adjusted water flow to an increased root-to-shoot surface area ratio through a reduction in root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) as determined through exudation analyses. Cortex cell Lp (cell pressure probe analyses) decreased in the immature but not the mature region of the main axis of seminal roots and in primary lateral roots. The aquaporin inhibitor HgCl2 reduced root Lp most in nutrient-sufficient control plants. Exchange of low-nutrient for control media caused a rapid (20-80 min) and partial recovery in Lp, though cortex cell Lp did not increase in any of the root regions analysed. The gene expression level (qPCR analyses) of five plasma membrane-localized AQP isoforms did not change in bulk root extracts, while the formation of apoplastic barriers increased considerably along the main axis of root and lateral roots in low-nutrient treatments. CONCLUSIONS Decrease in root and cortex cell Lp enables the adjustment of root water uptake to increased root-to-shoot area ratio in nutrient-limited plants. Aquaporins are the prime candidate to play a key role in this response. Modelling of water flow suggests that some of the reduction in root Lp is due to increased formation of apoplastic barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Armand
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michelle Cullen
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Florentin Boiziot
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lingyu Li
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Shohan MUS, Sinha S, Nabila FH, Dastidar SG, Seraj ZI. HKT1;5 Transporter Gene Expression and Association of Amino Acid Substitutions With Salt Tolerance Across Rice Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1420. [PMID: 31749823 PMCID: PMC6843544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants need to maintain a low Na+/K+ ratio for their survival and growth when there is high sodium concentration in soil. Under these circumstances, the high affinity K+ transporter (HKT) and its homologs are known to perform a critical role with HKT1;5 as a major player in maintaining Na+ concentration. Preferential expression of HKT1;5 in roots compared to shoots was observed in rice and rice-like genotypes from real time PCR, microarray, and RNAseq experiments and data. Its expression trend was generally higher under increasing salt stress in sensitive IR29, tolerant Pokkali, both glycophytes; as well as the distant wild rice halophyte, Porteresia coarctata, indicative of its importance during salt stress. These results were supported by a low Na+/K+ ratio in Pokkali, but a much lower one in P. coarctata. HKT1;5 has functional variability among salt sensitive and tolerant varieties and multiple sequence alignment of sequences of HKT1;5 from Oryza species and P. coarctata showed 4 major amino acid substitutions (140 P/A/T/I, 184 H/R, D332H, V395L), with similarity amongst the tolerant genotypes and the halophyte but in variance with sensitive ones. The best predicted 3D structure of HKT1;5 was generated using Ktrab potassium transporter as template. Among the four substitutions, conserved presence of aspartate (332) and valine (395) in opposite faces of the membrane along the Na+/K+ channel was observed only for the tolerant and halophytic genotypes. A model based on above, as well as molecular dynamics simulation study showed that valine is unable to generate strong hydrophobic network with its surroundings in comparison to leucine due to reduced side chain length. The resultant alteration in pore rigidity increases the likelihood of Na+ transport from xylem sap to parenchyma and further to soil. The model also proposes that the presence of aspartate at the 332 position possibly leads to frequent polar interactions with the extracellular loop polar residues which may shift the loop away from the opening of the constriction at the pore and therefore permit easy efflux of the Na+. These two substitutions of the HKT1;5 transporter probably help tolerant varieties maintain better Na+/K+ ratio for survival under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Umer Sharif Shohan
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Souvik Sinha
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Fahmida Habib Nabila
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zeba I. Seraj
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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162
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Chuang YH, Liu CH, Sallach JB, Hammerschmidt R, Zhang W, Boyd SA, Li H. Mechanistic study on uptake and transport of pharmaceuticals in lettuce from water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104976. [PMID: 31336255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of pharmaceuticals in agroecosystems originating from land application of animal manure/sewage sludge and irrigation with treated wastewater in agricultural production has raised concern about the accumulation of pharmaceuticals in food products. The pathways of pharmaceutical entries via plant roots, transport to upper fractions, and the factors influencing these processes have yet been systematically elucidated, thus impeding the development of effective measures to mitigate pharmaceutical contamination in food crops. In this study, lettuce uptake of thirteen commonly used pharmaceuticals was investigated using a hydroponic experimental setting. Pharmaceutical sorption by lettuce roots was measured in order to evaluate the influence on pharmaceutical transport from roots to shoots. Small-sized pharmaceuticals e.g., caffeine and carbamazepine with molecular weight (MW) <300 g mol-1 and a low affinity to lettuce roots (sorption coefficient Kp < 0.05 L g-1) manifested substantial transport to shoots. Small-sized molecules lamotrigine and trimethoprim had a relatively strong affinity to lettuce roots (Kp > 12.0 L g-1) and demonstrated a reduced transport to shoots. Large-sized pharmaceuticals (e.g. MW >400 g mol-1) including lincomycin, monensin sodium, and tylosin could be excluded from cell membranes, resulting in the predominant accumulation in lettuce roots. Large-sized oxytetracycline existed as zwitterionic species that could slowly enter lettuce roots; however, the relatively strong interaction with lettuce roots limits its transport to shoots. The mass balance analysis revealed that acetaminophen, β-estradiol, carbadox, estrone and triclosan were readily metabolized in lettuce with >90% loss during 144-h exposure period. A scheme was proposed to describe pharmaceutical uptake and transport in plant, which could reasonably elucidate many literature-reported results. Molecular size, reactivity and ionic speciation of pharmaceuticals, as well as plant physiology, collectively determine their uptake, transport and accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hua Liu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J Brett Sallach
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Raymond Hammerschmidt
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephen A Boyd
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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163
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Guerriero G, Deshmukh R, Sonah H, Sergeant K, Hausman JF, Lentzen E, Valle N, Siddiqui KS, Exley C. Identification of the aquaporin gene family in Cannabis sativa and evidence for the accumulation of silicon in its tissues. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110167. [PMID: 31481224 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is an economically important crop providing bast fibres for the textile and biocomposite sector. Length is a fundamental characteristic determining the properties of bast fibres. Aquaporins, channel-forming proteins facilitating the passage of water, urea, as well as elements such as boron and silicon, are known to play a role in the control of fibre length in other species, like cotton. By mining the available genome, we here identify, for the first time, the aquaporin gene family of C. sativa. The analysis of published RNA-Seq data and targeted qPCR on a textile variety reveal an organ-specific expression of aquaporin genes. Computational analyses, including homology-based search, phylogeny and protein modelling, identify two NOD26-like intrinsic proteins harbouring the Gly-Ser-Gly-Arg (GSGR) aromatic/Arg selectivity filter and 108 amino acid NPA (Asn-Pro-Ala) spacing, features reported to be associated with silicon permeability. SIMS nano-analysis and silica extraction coupled to fluorescence microscopy performed on hemp plantlets reveal the presence of silicon in the bast fibres of the hypocotyl and in leaves. The accumulation of silica in the distal cell walls of bast fibres and in the basal cells of leaf trichomes is indicative of a mechanical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), P.O. Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), P.O. Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Esther Lentzen
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- Life Sciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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164
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Pandey A, Khan MK, Hakki EE, Gezgin S, Hamurcu M. Combined Boron Toxicity and Salinity Stress-An Insight into Its Interaction in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E364. [PMID: 31547605 PMCID: PMC6843824 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuously changing environment has intensified the occurrence of abiotic stress conditions. Individually, boron (B) toxicity and salinity stress are well recognized as severe stress conditions for plants. However, their coexistence in arid and semi-arid agricultural regions has shown ambiguous effects on plant growth and development. Few studies have reported that combined boron toxicity and high salinity stress have more damaging effects on plant growth than individual B and salt stress, while other studies have highlighted less damaging effects of the combined stress. Hence, it is interesting to understand the positive interaction of this combined stress so that it can be effectively employed for the improvement of crops that generally show the negative effects of this combined stress. In this review, we discussed the possible processes that occur in plants in response to this combined stress condition. We highly suggest that the combined B and salinity stress condition should be considered as a novel stress condition by researchers; hence, we recommend the name "BorSal" for this combined boron toxicity and high salinity state in the soil. Membrane-bound activities, mobility of ions, water transport, pH changes, transpiration, photosynthesis, antioxidant activities, and different molecular transporters are involved in the effects of BorSal interaction in plants. The discussed mechanisms indicate that the BorSal stress state should be studied in light of the involved physiological and molecular processes that occur after B and salt interaction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Mohd Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Erdogan Esref Hakki
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Sait Gezgin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
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165
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Bezerra-Neto JP, de Araújo FC, Ferreira-Neto JRC, da Silva MD, Pandolfi V, Aburjaile FF, Sakamoto T, de Oliveira Silva RL, Kido EA, Barbosa Amorim LL, Ortega JM, Benko-Iseppon AM. Plant Aquaporins: Diversity, Evolution and Biotechnological Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:368-395. [PMID: 30387391 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666181102095910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane forms a permeable barrier that separates the cytoplasm from the external environment, defining the physical and chemical limits in each cell in all organisms. The movement of molecules and ions into and out of cells is controlled by the plasma membrane as a critical process for cell stability and survival, maintaining essential differences between the composition of the extracellular fluid and the cytosol. In this process aquaporins (AQPs) figure as important actors, comprising highly conserved membrane proteins that carry water, glycerol and other hydrophilic molecules through biomembranes, including the cell wall and membranes of cytoplasmic organelles. While mammals have 15 types of AQPs described so far (displaying 18 paralogs), a single plant species can present more than 120 isoforms, providing transport of different types of solutes. Such aquaporins may be present in the whole plant or can be associated with different tissues or situations, including biotic and especially abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity or tolerance to soils rich in heavy metals, for instance. The present review addresses several aspects of plant aquaporins, from their structure, classification, and function, to in silico methodologies for their analysis and identification in transcriptomes and genomes. Aspects of evolution and diversification of AQPs (with a focus on plants) are approached for the first time with the aid of the LCA (Last Common Ancestor) analysis. Finally, the main practical applications involving the use of AQPs are discussed, including patents and future perspectives involving this important protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Bezerra-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávia Czekalski de Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José R C Ferreira-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Manassés D da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flavia F Aburjaile
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta L de Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ederson A Kido
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lidiane L Barbosa Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Campus Oeiras, Avenida Projetada, s/n, 64.500-000, Oeiras, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José M Ortega
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana M Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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166
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Qian W, Yang X, Li J, Luo R, Yan X, Pang Q. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of aquaporins in salt cress ( Eutrema salsugineum). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7664. [PMID: 31565576 PMCID: PMC6745184 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) serve as water channel proteins and belong to major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) family, functioning in rapidly and selectively transporting water and other small solutes across biological membranes. Importantly, AQPs have been shown to play a critical role in abiotic stress response pathways of plants. As a species closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, Eutrema salsugineum has been proposed as a model for studying salt resistance in plants. Here we surveyed 35 full-length AQP genes in E. salsugineum, which could be grouped into four subfamilies including 12 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 11 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nine NOD-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), and three small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) by phylogenetic analysis. EsAQPs were comprised of 237-323 amino acids, with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 24.31-31.80 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) value of 4.73-10.49. Functional prediction based on the NPA motif, aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger's position and specificity-determining position suggested quite differences in substrate specificities of EsAQPs. EsAQPs exhibited global expressions in all organs as shown by gene expression profiles and should be play important roles in response to salt, cold and drought stresses. This study provides comprehensive bioinformation on AQPs in E. salsugineum, which would be helpful for gene function analysis for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Qian
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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167
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Root water uptake and its pathways across the root: quantification at the cellular scale. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12979. [PMID: 31506538 PMCID: PMC6737181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathways of water across root tissues and their relative contribution to plant water uptake remain debated. This is mainly due to technical challenges in measuring water flux non-invasively at the cellular scale under realistic conditions. We developed a new method to quantify water fluxes inside roots growing in soils. The method combines spatiotemporal quantification of deuterated water distribution imaged by rapid neutron tomography with an inverse simulation of water transport across root tissues. Using this non-invasive technique, we estimated for the first time the in-situ radial water fluxes [m s−1] in apoplastic and cell-to-cell pathways. The water flux in the apoplast of twelve days-old lupins (Lupinus albus L. cv. Feodora) was seventeen times faster than in the cell-to-cell pathway. Hence, the overall contribution of the apoplast in water flow [m3 s−1] across the cortex is, despite its small volume of 5%, as large as 57 ± 8% (Mean ± SD for n = 3) of the total water flow. This method is suitable to non-invasively measure the response of cellular scale root hydraulics and water fluxes to varying soil and climate conditions.
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168
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Vilas MP, Adams MP, Ball MC, Meynecke JO, Santini NS, Swales A, Lovelock CE. Night and day: Shrinking and swelling of stems of diverse mangrove species growing along environmental gradients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221950. [PMID: 31479477 PMCID: PMC6719867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree stems swell and shrink daily, which is thought to reflect changes in the volume of water within stem tissues. We observed these daily patterns using automatic dendrometer bands in a diverse group of mangrove species over five mangrove forests across Australia and New Caledonia. We found that mangrove stems swelled during the day and shrank at night. Maximum swelling was highly correlated with daily maxima in air temperature. Variation in soil salinity and levels of tidal inundation did not influence the timing of stem swelling over all species. Medium-term increases in stem circumference were highly sensitive to rainfall. We defoliated trees to assess the role of foliar transpiration in stem swelling and shrinking. Defoliated trees showed maintenance of the pattern of daytime swelling, indicating that processes other than canopy transpiration influence the temporary stem diameter increments, which could include thermal swelling of stems. More research is required to understand the processes contributing to stem shrinking and swelling. Automatic Dendrometer Bands could provide a useful tool for monitoring the response of mangroves to extreme climatic events as they provide high-frequency, long-term, and large-scale information on tree water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Vilas
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Marilyn C. Ball
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
| | - Jan-Olaf Meynecke
- Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Nadia S. Santini
- Cátedra Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México, México
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Andrew Swales
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E. Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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169
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Anisimov AV, Dautova NR, Suslov MA. Growth function and intercellular water transfer in excised roots. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1425-1432. [PMID: 31134406 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On the example of maize seedling roots, it was shown that segments of the root suction zone excised from intact mother seedlings maintain the function of elongation growth and are able to regulate water transfer. Using the gradient NMR method, the effective intercellular permeability of root suction zone segments was shown to reduce with respect to intact seedling roots. The segment fragmentation into smaller pieces 3 mm long resulted in the permeability decrease by 60%. The reduction is associated with the cell defensive response to water loss through cuts and blocking of the additive water transfer along the segment length, resulting from segment cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Anisimov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lobachevskogo 2/31 st, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - N R Dautova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lobachevskogo 2/31 st, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Maksim A Suslov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lobachevskogo 2/31 st, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
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170
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Bahadur A, Batool A, Nasir F, Jiang S, Mingsen Q, Zhang Q, Pan J, Liu Y, Feng H. Mechanistic Insights into Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Mediated Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4199. [PMID: 31461957 PMCID: PMC6747277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic interaction with 80% of known land plants. It has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. Plants are very dynamic systems having great adaptability under continuously changing drying conditions. In this regard, the function of AMF as a biological tool for improving plant drought stress tolerance and phenotypic plasticity, in terms of establishing mutualistic associations, seems an innovative approach towards sustainable agriculture. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected signaling pathways and AMF-mediated mechanisms that regulate the drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an innovative approach in environmentally friendly agriculture. This paper reviews the underlying mechanisms that are confidently linked with plant-AMF interaction in alleviating drought stress, constructing emphasis on phytohormones and signaling molecules and their interaction with biochemical, and physiological processes to maintain the homeostasis of nutrient and water cycling and plant growth performance. Likewise, the paper will analyze how the AMF symbiosis helps the plant to overcome the deleterious effects of stress is also evaluated. Finally, we review how interactions between various signaling mechanisms governed by AMF symbiosis modulate different physiological responses to improve drought tolerance. Understanding the AMF-mediated mechanisms that are important for regulating the establishment of the mycorrhizal association and the plant protective responses towards unfavorable conditions will open new approaches to exploit AMF as a bioprotective tool against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bahadur
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Asfa Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fahad Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shengjin Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qin Mingsen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptation, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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171
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Zhu YX, Yang L, Liu N, Yang J, Zhou XK, Xia YC, He Y, He YQ, Gong HJ, Ma DF, Yin JL. Genome-wide identification, structure characterization, and expression pattern profiling of aquaporin gene family in cucumber. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:345. [PMID: 31390991 PMCID: PMC6686268 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin (AQP) proteins comprise a group of membrane intrinsic proteins (MIPs) that are responsible for transporting water and other small molecules, which is crucial for plant survival under stress conditions including salt stress. Despite the vital role of AQPs, little is known about them in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). RESULTS In this study, we identified 39 aquaporin-encoding genes in cucumber that were separated by phylogenetic analysis into five sub-families (PIP, TIP, NIP, SIP, and XIP). Their substrate specificity was then assessed based on key amino acid residues such as the aromatic/Arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger's positions, and specificity-determining positions. The putative cis-regulatory motifs available in the promoter region of each AQP gene were analyzed and results revealed that their promoter regions contain many abiotic related cis-regulatory elements. Furthermore, analysis of previously released RNA-seq data revealed tissue- and treatment-specific expression patterns of cucumber AQP genes (CsAQPs). Three aquaporins (CsTIP1;1, CsPIP2;4, and CsPIP1;2) were the most transcript abundance genes, with CsTIP1;1 showing the highest expression levels among all aquaporins. Subcellular localization analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells revealed the diverse and broad array of sub-cellular localizations of CsAQPs. We then performed RNA-seq to identify the expression pattern of CsAQPs under salt stress and found a general decreased expression level of root CsAQPs. Moreover, qRT-PCR revealed rapid changes in the expression levels of CsAQPs in response to diverse abiotic stresses including salt, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000, heat, and chilling stresses. Additionally, transient expression of AQPs in N. benthamiana increased leaf water loss rate, suggesting their potential roles in the regulation of plant water status under stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that CsAQPs play important roles in response to salt stress. The genome-wide identification and primary function characterization of cucumber aquaporins provides insight to elucidate the complexity of the AQP gene family and their biological functions in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xing Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Ning Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Jie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Xiao-Kang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yu-Chen Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Yi-Qin He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Hai-Jun Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Dong-Fang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
| | - Jun-Liang Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000 Hubei China
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172
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Butsayawarapat P, Juntawong P, Khamsuk O, Somta P. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Waterlogging-Sensitive and Tolerant Zombi Pea ( Vigna Vexillata) Reveals Energy Conservation and Root Plasticity Controlling Waterlogging Tolerance. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8080264. [PMID: 31382508 PMCID: PMC6724125 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vigna vexillata (zombi pea) is an underutilized legume crop considered to be a potential gene source in breeding for abiotic stress tolerance. This study focuses on the molecular characterization of mechanisms controlling waterlogging tolerance using two zombi pea varieties with contrasting waterlogging tolerance. Morphological examination revealed that in contrast to the sensitive variety, the tolerant variety was able to grow, maintain chlorophyll, form lateral roots, and develop aerenchyma in hypocotyl and taproots under waterlogging. To find the mechanism controlling waterlogging tolerance in zombi pea, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using roots subjected to short-term waterlogging. Functional analysis indicated that glycolysis and fermentative genes were strongly upregulated in the sensitive variety, but not in the tolerant one. In contrast, the genes involved in auxin-regulated lateral root initiation and formation were expressed only in the tolerant variety. In addition, cell wall modification, aquaporin, and peroxidase genes were highly induced in the tolerant variety under waterlogging. Our findings suggest that energy management and root plasticity play important roles in mitigating the impact of waterlogging in zombi pea. The basic knowledge obtained from this study can be used in the molecular breeding of waterlogging-tolerant legume crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piyada Juntawong
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Ornusa Khamsuk
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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173
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Vishwakarma K, Mishra M, Patil G, Mulkey S, Ramawat N, Pratap Singh V, Deshmukh R, Kumar Tripathi D, Nguyen HT, Sharma S. Avenues of the membrane transport system in adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:861-883. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1616669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishwakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Mitali Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Gunvant Patil
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Steven Mulkey
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Naleeni Ramawat
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | | | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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174
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Li X, Liu Q, Feng H, Deng J, Zhang R, Wen J, Dong J, Wang T. Dehydrin MtCAS31 promotes autophagic degradation under drought stress. Autophagy 2019; 16:862-877. [PMID: 31362589 PMCID: PMC7144882 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1643656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress seriously affects crop yield, and the mechanism underlying plant resistance to drought stress via macroautophagy/autophagy is not clear. Here, we show that a dehydrin, Medicago truncatula MtCAS31 (cold acclimation-specific 31), a positive regulator of drought response, plays a key role in autophagic degradation. A GFP cleavage assay and treatment with an autophagy-specific inhibitor indicated that MtCAS31 participates in the autophagic degradation pathway and that overexpressing MtCAS31 promotes autophagy under drought stress. Furthermore, we discovered that MtCAS31 interacts with the autophagy-related protein ATG8a in the AIM-like motif YXXXI, supporting its function in autophagic degradation. In addition, we identified a cargo protein of MtCAS31, the aquaporin MtPIP2;7, by screening an M. truncatula cDNA library. We found that MtPIP2;7 functions as a negative regulator of drought response. Under drought stress, MtCAS31 facilitated the autophagic degradation of MtPIP2;7 and reduced root hydraulic conductivity, thus reducing water loss and improving drought tolerance. Taken together, our results reveal a novel function of dehydrins in promoting the autophagic degradation of proteins, which extends our knowledge of the function of dehydrins.Abbreviations: AIM: ATG8-interacting motif; ATG: autophagy-related; ATI1: ATG8-interacting protein1; BiFC: Biomolecular fluorescence complementation; CAS31: cold acclimation-specific 31; ConcA: concanamycin A; DSK2: dominant suppressor of KAR2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD: ER-associated degradation; NBR1: next to BRCA1 gene 1; PM: plasma membrane; PIPs: plasma membrane intrinsic proteins; TALEN: transcription activator-like effector nuclease; TSPO: tryptophan-rich sensory protein/translocator; UPR: unfolded protein response; VC: vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, USA
| | - Jiangli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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175
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Gong P, Riemann M, Dong D, Stoeffler N, Gross B, Markel A, Nick P. Two grapevine metacaspase genes mediate ETI-like cell death in grapevine defence against infection of Plasmopara viticola. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:951-969. [PMID: 30793222 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metacaspase, as hypersensitive response (HR) executors, has been identified in many plant species. Previously, the entire gene family of metacaspase has been uncovered, but there are still questions that remain unclear regarding HR-regulating gene members. In this study, based on metacaspase expression during different grapevine genotypes interacting with Plasmopara viticola, we identified MC2 and MC5 as candidates involved in HR. We overexpressed both metacaspases as GFP fusions in tobacco BY-2 cells to address subcellular localization and cellular functions. We found MC2 located at the ER, while MC5 was nucleocytoplasmic. In these overexpressor lines, cell death elicited by the bacterial protein harpin, is significantly enhanced, indicating MC2 and MC5 mediated defence-related programmed cell death (PCD). This effect was mitigated, when the membrane-located NADPH oxidase was inhibited by the specific inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, or when cells were complemented with methyl jasmonate, a crucial signal of basal immunity. Both findings are consistent with a role of MC2 and MC5 in cell death-related immunity. Using a dual-luciferase reporter system in grapevine cells we demonstrated both MC2 and MC5 promoter alleles from V. rupestris were more responsive to harpin than those from V. vinifera cv 'Müller-Thurgau', while they were not induced by MeJA as signal linked with basal immunity. These findings support a model, where MC2 and MC5 act specifically as executors of the HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Gong
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Duan Dong
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nadja Stoeffler
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernadette Gross
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin Markel
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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176
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Rodrigues J, Inzé D, Nelissen H, Saibo NJM. Source-Sink Regulation in Crops under Water Deficit. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:652-663. [PMID: 31109763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To meet the food demands of an increasing world population, it is necessary to improve crop production; a task that is made more challenging by the changing climate. Several recent reports show that increasing the capacity of plants to assimilate carbon (source strength), or to tap into the internal carbon reservoir (sink strength), has the potential to improve plant productivity in the field under water-deficit conditions. Here, we review the effects of water deficit on the source-sink communication, as well as the respective regulatory mechanisms underpinning plant productivity. We also highlight stress-tolerant traits that can contribute to harness source and sink strengths towards producing high-yielding and drought-tolerant crops, depending on the drought scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rodrigues
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, UNL, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, UNL, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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177
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Quiroga G, Erice G, Ding L, Chaumont F, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulates aquaporins activity and improves root cell water permeability in maize plants subjected to water stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2274-2290. [PMID: 30916398 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that increased root hydraulic conductivity in mycorrhizal roots could be the result of increased cell-to-cell water flux via aquaporins. This study aimed to elucidate if the key effect of the regulation of maize aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the enhancement of root cell water transport capacity. Thus, water permeability coefficient (Pf ) and cell hydraulic conductivity (Lpc ) were measured in root protoplast and intact cortex cells of AM and non-AM plants subjected or not to water stress. Results showed that cells from droughted-AM roots maintained Pf and Lpc values of nonstressed plants, whereas in non-AM roots, these values declined drastically as a consequence of water deficit. Interestingly, the phosphorylation status of PIP2 aquaporins increased in AM plants subjected to water deficit, and Pf values higher than 12 μm s-1 were found only in protoplasts from AM roots, revealing the higher water permeability of AM root cells. In parallel, the AM symbiosis increased stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and related parameters, showing a higher photosynthetic capacity in these plants. This study demonstrates a better performance of AM root cells in water transport under water deficit, which is connected to the shoot physiological performance in terms of photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Quiroga
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Gorka Erice
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
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178
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Favreau B, Denis M, Ployet R, Mounet F, Peireira da Silva H, Franceschini L, Laclau JP, Labate C, Carrer H. Distinct leaf transcriptomic response of water deficient Eucalyptus grandis submitted to potassium and sodium fertilization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218528. [PMID: 31220144 PMCID: PMC6586347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While potassium fertilization increases growth yield in Brazilian eucalyptus plantations, it could also increase water requirements, making trees more vulnerable to drought. Sodium fertilization, which has been shown to promote eucalyptus growth compared to K-deficient trees, could partially mitigate this adverse effect of potassium. However, little is known about the influence of K and Na fertilization on the tree metabolic response to water deficit. The aim of the present study was thus to analyze the transcriptome of leaves sampled from Eucalyptus grandis trees subjected to 37% rainfall reduction, and fertilized with potassium (K), sodium (Na), compared to control trees (C). The multifactorial experiment was set up in a field with a throughfall exclusion system. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on leaves from two-year-old trees, and data analyzed using multifactorial statistical analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Significant sets of genes were seen to respond to rainfall reduction, in interaction with K or Na fertilization, or to fertilization only (regardless of the water supply regime). The genes were involved in stress signaling, primary and secondary metabolism, secondary cell wall formation and photosynthetic activity. Our focus on key genes related to cation transporters and aquaporins highlighted specific regulation of ion homeostasis, and plant adjustment to water deficit. While water availability significantly affects the transcriptomic response of eucalyptus species, this study points out that the transcriptomic response is highly dependent on the fertilization regime. Our study is based on the first large-scale field trial in a tropical region, specifically designed to study the interaction between water availability and nutrition in eucalyptus. To our knowledge, this is the first global transcriptomic analysis to compare the influence of K and Na fertilization on tree adaptive traits in water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Favreau
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Denis
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphael Ployet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Fabien Mounet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hana Peireira da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Franceschini
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Labate
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helaine Carrer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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179
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Sevanto S. Methods for Assessing the Role of Phloem Transport in Plant Stress Responses. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2014:311-336. [PMID: 31197806 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9562-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of carbohydrates to tissues that need them under stress is important for plant defenses and survival. Yet, little is known on how phloem function is altered under stress, and how that influences plant responses to stress. This is because phloem is a challenging tissue to study. It consists of cells of various types with soft cell walls, and the cells show strong wounding reactions to protect their integrity, making both imaging and functional studies challenging. This chapter summarizes theories on how phloem transport is affected by stress and presents methods that have been used to gain the current knowledge. These techniques range from tracer studies and imaging to carbon balance and anatomical analyses. Advances in these techniques in the recent years have considerably increased our ability to investigate phloem function, and application of the new methods on plant stress studies will help provide a more comprehensive picture of phloem function and its limitations under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
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180
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Sato R, Maeshima M. The ER-localized aquaporin SIP2;1 is involved in pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:335-349. [PMID: 30963359 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ER membrane localized aquaporin SIP2;1 is involved in adaptation to ER stresses during pollen tube elongation. Aquaporins play multifaceted roles through selective transport of water and small neutral substrates. Here, we focused on the physiological roles of Arabidopsis thaliana aquaporins, namely SIP1;1, SIP1;2 and SIP2;1, which are localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While their loss-of-function mutants displayed normal vegetative growth. We identified defects in pollen of sip2;1. Whereas the germination rate of sip2;1 pollen was ~ 60% that of the wild type (WT), in vitro germinated sip2;1 pollen tube length was reduced up to 82% compared to the WT. Importantly, most pollen tubes on pistils from sip2;1 stopped elongation in the mid-region of pistils, and the bottom region of sip2;1 siliques lacked seeds. Consistently, silique of sip2;1 were short, whereby the average seed number per silique was nearly the half of the WT. The above phenotypes recovered in SIP2;1 complementation lines. We detected mRNA of SIP2;1 and protein in pollen, and further revealed that the GFP-linked SIP2;1 localization in the ER of growing pollen tubes. The basal mRNA level of BINDING PROTEIN 3 (BiP3), a key gene induced by ER stress, in pollen was markedly higher than that in roots, suggesting that the pollen underwent ER stress under normal growth conditions. BiP3 mRNA was dramatically increased in sip2;1 pollen. Altogether, our findings suggest that the aquaporin SIP2;1 is probably involved in the alleviation of ER stress and that the lack of SIP2;1 reduces both pollen germination and pollen tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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181
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Ding L, Uehlein N, Kaldenhoff R, Guo S, Zhu Y, Kai L. Aquaporin PIP2;1 affects water transport and root growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:152-160. [PMID: 30889480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are key proteins in regulating water transport, plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the function of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) in both yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare). Three OsPIP1s (OsPIP1;1, OsPIP1;2 and OsPIP1;3) and four OsPIP2s (OsPIP2;1, OsPIP2;3, OsPIP2;4 and OsPIP2;5) were successfully amplified and expressed in yeast. Overexpression of OsPIP2s, especially OsPIP2;1, increased yeast membrane water permeability (Pf). Root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) was decreased by approximately four-fold in OsPIP2; 1 RNAi knock-down plants, resulting in a decrease in OsPIP2;1 expression levels of 70% and 50% in line 3 and line 4, respectively, compared to the wild type (WT) plants. No significant differences in the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, mesophyll conductance and chloroplast CO2 concentration were observed between WT and OsPIP2; 1 RNAi plants. Higher stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentrations were observed in line 3 plants than in WT plants. In addition, lower root total length, surface area, root volume and fewer root tips were found in the RNAi plants than in the WT plants. Finally, the RNAi plants were more sensitive to drought stress. The results indicate that PIP2; 1 plays an important role in the regulation of water transport and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Norbert Uehlein
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Kai
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany; The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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182
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Priya M, Dhanker OP, Siddique KHM, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Pandey S, Singh S, Varshney RK, Prasad PVV, Nayyar H. Drought and heat stress-related proteins: an update about their functional relevance in imparting stress tolerance in agricultural crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1607-1638. [PMID: 30941464 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe here the recent developments about the involvement of diverse stress-related proteins in sensing, signaling, and defending the cells in plants in response to drought or/and heat stress. In the current era of global climate drift, plant growth and productivity are often limited by various environmental stresses, especially drought and heat. Adaptation to abiotic stress is a multigenic process involving maintenance of homeostasis for proper survival under adverse environment. It has been widely observed that a series of proteins respond to heat and drought conditions at both transcriptional and translational levels. The proteins are involved in various signaling events, act as key transcriptional activators and saviors of plants under extreme environments. A detailed insight about the functional aspects of diverse stress-responsive proteins may assist in unraveling various stress resilience mechanisms in plants. Furthermore, by identifying the metabolic proteins associated with drought and heat tolerance, tolerant varieties can be produced through transgenic/recombinant technologies. A large number of regulatory and functional stress-associated proteins are reported to participate in response to heat and drought stresses, such as protein kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins, dehydrins, osmotins, and heat shock proteins, which may be similar or unique to stress treatments. Few studies have revealed that cellular response to combined drought and heat stresses is distinctive, compared to their individual treatments. In this review, we would mainly focus on the new developments about various stress sensors and receptors, transcription factors, chaperones, and stress-associated proteins involved in drought or/and heat stresses, and their possible role in augmenting stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Priya
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Om P Dhanker
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarita Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Sadhana Singh
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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183
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Canessa Fortuna A, Zerbetto De Palma G, Aliperti Car L, Armentia L, Vitali V, Zeida A, Estrin DA, Alleva K. Gating in plant plasma membrane aquaporins: the involvement of leucine in the formation of a pore constriction in the closed state. FEBS J 2019; 286:3473-3487. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Canessa Fortuna
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gerardo Zerbetto De Palma
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituo de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham Villa Tesei Argentina
| | - Lucio Aliperti Car
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Proteínas IQUIBICEN y Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Luciano Armentia
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Victoria Vitali
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Darío A. Estrin
- DQIAQF‐INQUIMAE Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Karina Alleva
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB) CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Fisicomatemática Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
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184
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Guo H, Zhang L, Cui YN, Wang SM, Bao AK. Identification of candidate genes related to salt tolerance of the secretohalophyte Atriplex canescens by transcriptomic analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:213. [PMID: 31117942 PMCID: PMC6532215 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atriplex canescens is a typical C4 secretohalophyte with salt bladders on the leaves. Accumulating excessive Na+ in tissues and salt bladders, maintaining intracellular K+ homeostasis and increasing leaf organic solutes are crucial for A. canescens survival in harsh saline environments, and enhanced photosynthetic activity and water balance promote its adaptation to salt. However, the molecular basis for these physiological mechanisms is poorly understood. Four-week-old A. canescens seedlings were treated with 100 mM NaCl for 6 and 24 h, and differentially expressed genes in leaves and roots were identified, respectively, with Illumina sequencing. RESULTS In A. canescens treated with 100 mM NaCl, the transcripts of genes encoding transporters/channels for important nutrient elements, which affect growth under salinity, significantly increased, and genes involved in exclusion, uptake and vacuolar compartmentalization of Na+ in leaves might play vital roles in Na+ accumulation in salt bladders. Moreover, NaCl treatment upregulated the transcripts of key genes related to leaf organic osmolytes synthesis, which are conducive to osmotic adjustment. Correspondingly, aquaporin-encoding genes in leaves showed increased transcripts under NaCl treatment, which might facilitate water balance maintenance of A. canescens seedlings in a low water potential condition. Additionally, the transcripts of many genes involved in photosynthetic electron transport and the C4 pathway was rapidly induced, while other genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis, electron transport and C3 carbon fixation were later upregulated by 100 mM NaCl. CONCLUSIONS We identified many important candidate genes involved in the primary physiological mechanisms of A. canescens salt tolerance. This study provides excellent gene resources for genetic improvement of salt tolerance of important crops and forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Nong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020 People’s Republic of China
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185
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Ayadi M, Brini F, Masmoudi K. Overexpression of a Wheat Aquaporin Gene, TdPIP2;1, Enhances Salt and Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Durum Wheat cv. Maali. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2389. [PMID: 31091755 PMCID: PMC6566926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we generated transgenic durum wheat cv. Maali overexpressing the wheat plasma membrane aquaporin TdPIP2;1 gene under the control of PrTdPIP2;1 promoter or under the constitutive PrCaMV35S promoter. Histochemical analysis of the fusion PrTdPIP2;1::TdPIP2;1::GusA in wheat plants showed that the β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity was detected in the leaves, stems and roots of stably transformed wheat T3 plants. Our results showed that transgenic wheat lines overexpressing the TdPIP2;1 gene exhibited improved germination rates and biomass production and retained low Na+ and high K+ concentrations in their shoots under high salt and osmotic stress conditions. In a long-term study under greenhouse conditions on salt or drought stress, transgenic TdPIP2;1 lines produced filled grains, whereas wild-type (WT) plants either died at the vegetative stage under salt stress or showed drastically reduced grain filling under drought stress. Performing real time RT-PCR experiments on wheat plants transformed with the fusion PrTdPIP2;1::GusA, we showed an increase in the accumulation of GusA transcripts in the roots of plants challenged with salt and drought stress. Study of the antioxidant defence system in transgenic wheat TdPIP2;1 lines showed that these lines induced the antioxidative enzymes Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities more efficiently than the WT plants, which is associated with lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents. Taken together, these results indicate the high potential of the TdPIP2;1 gene for reducing water evaporation from leaves (water loss) in response to water deficit through the lowering of transpiration per unit leaf area (stomatal conductance) and engineering effective drought and salt tolerance in transgenic TdPIP2;1 lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ayadi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
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186
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Araújo M, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Santos C, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia C, Dias MC. Responses of olive plants exposed to different irrigation treatments in combination with heat shock: physiological and molecular mechanisms during exposure and recovery. PLANTA 2019; 249:1583-1598. [PMID: 30771046 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A water-deficit period, leading to stomatal control and overexpression of protective proteins (sHSP and DHN), contributes to olive´s tolerance to later imposed stress episodes. Aquaporins modulation is important in olive recovery. Olive is traditionally cultivated in dry farming or in high water demanding irrigated orchards. The impact of climate change on these orchards remains to unveil, as heat and drought episodes are increasing in the Mediterranean region. To understand how young plants face such stress episodes, olive plants growing in pots were exposed to well-irrigated and non-irrigated treatments. Subsequently, plants from each treatment were either exposed to 40 °C for 2 h or remained under control temperature. After treatments, all plants were allowed to grow under well-irrigated conditions (recovery). Leaves were compared for photosynthesis, relative water content, mineral status, pigments, carbohydrates, cell membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation and expression of the protective proteins' dehydrin (OeDHN1), heat-shock proteins (OeHSP18.3), and aquaporins (OePIP1.1 and OePIP2.1). Non-irrigation, whilst increasing carbohydrates, reduced some photosynthetic parameters to values below the ones of the well-irrigated plants. However, when both groups of plants were exposed to heat, well-irrigated plants suffered more drastic decreases of net CO2 assimilation rate and chlorophyll b than non-irrigated plants. Overall, OeDHN1 and OeHSP18.3 expression, which was increased in non-irrigated treatment, was potentiated by heat, possibly to counteract the increase of lipid peroxidation and loss of membrane integrity. Plants recovered similarly from both irrigation and temperature treatments, and recovery was associated with increased aquaporin expression in plants exposed to one type of stress (drought or heat). These data represent an important contribution for further understanding how dry-farming olive will cope with drought and heat episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Araújo
- Department of Life Science, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Integrated Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Integrated Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Correia
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Celeste Dias
- Department of Life Science, Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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187
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Scharwies JD, Dinneny JR. Water transport, perception, and response in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:311-324. [PMID: 30747327 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient water availability in the environment is critical for plant survival. Perception of water by plants is necessary to balance water uptake and water loss and to control plant growth. Plant physiology and soil science research have contributed greatly to our understanding of how water moves through soil, is taken up by roots, and moves to leaves where it is lost to the atmosphere by transpiration. Water uptake from the soil is affected by soil texture itself and soil water content. Hydraulic resistances for water flow through soil can be a major limitation for plant water uptake. Changes in water supply and water loss affect water potential gradients inside plants. Likewise, growth creates water potential gradients. It is known that plants respond to changes in these gradients. Water flow and loss are controlled through stomata and regulation of hydraulic conductance via aquaporins. When water availability declines, water loss is limited through stomatal closure and by adjusting hydraulic conductance to maintain cell turgor. Plants also adapt to changes in water supply by growing their roots towards water and through refinements to their root system architecture. Mechanosensitive ion channels, aquaporins, proteins that sense the cell wall and cell membrane environment, and proteins that change conformation in response to osmotic or turgor changes could serve as putative sensors. Future research is required to better understand processes in the rhizosphere during soil drying and how plants respond to spatial differences in water availability. It remains to be investigated how changes in water availability and water loss affect different tissues and cells in plants and how these biophysical signals are translated into chemical signals that feed into signaling pathways like abscisic acid response or organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Daniel Scharwies
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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188
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Wang N, Palmroth S, Maier CA, Domec JC, Oren R. Anatomical changes with needle length are correlated with leaf structural and physiological traits across five Pinus species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1690-1704. [PMID: 30684950 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Pinus has wide geographical range and includes species that are the most economically valued among forest trees worldwide. Pine needle length varies greatly among species, but the effects of needle length on anatomy, function, and coordination and trade-offs among traits are poorly understood. We examined variation in leaf morphological, anatomical, mechanical, chemical, and physiological characteristics among five southern pine species: Pinus echinata, Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda, and Pinus virginiana. We found that increasing needle length contributed to a trade-off between the relative fractions of support versus photosynthetic tissue (mesophyll) across species. From the shortest (7 cm) to the longest (36 cm) needles, mechanical tissue fraction increased by 50%, whereas needle dry density decreased by 21%, revealing multiple adjustments to a greater need for mechanical support in longer needles. We also found a fourfold increase in leaf hydraulic conductance over the range of needle length across species, associated with weaker upward trends in stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity. Our results suggest that the leaf size strongly influences their anatomical traits, which, in turn, are reflected in leaf mechanical support and physiological capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sari Palmroth
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 INRA-ISPA, 33175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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189
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Vicente R, Vergara-Díaz O, Kerfal S, López A, Melichar J, Bort J, Serret MD, Araus JL, Kefauver SC. Identification of traits associated with barley yield performance using contrasting nitrogen fertilizations and genotypes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 282:83-94. [PMID: 31003614 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to understanding the traits associated with crop performance and the associated underlying physiological mechanisms, with less effort done towards combining different plant scales, levels of observation, or including hybrids of autogamous species. We aim to identify mechanisms at canopy, leaf and transcript levels contributing to crop performance under contrasting nitrogen supplies in three barley genotypes, two hybrids and one commercial line. High nitrogen fertilization did not affect photosynthetic capacity on a leaf area basis and lowered nitrogen partial factor productivity past a certain point, but increased leaf area and biomass accumulation, parameters that were closely tracked using various different high throughput remote sensing based phenotyping techniques. These aspects, together with a larger catabolism of leaf nitrogen compounds amenable to sink translocation, contributed to higher crop production. Better crop yield and growth in hybrids compared to the line was linked to a nitrogen-saving strategy in source leaves to the detriment of larger sink size, as indicated by the lower leaf nitrogen content and downregulation of nitrogen metabolism and aquaporin genes. While these changes did not reduce photosynthesis capacity on an area basis, they were related with better nitrogen use in the hybrids compared with the line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Omar Vergara-Díaz
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Samir Kerfal
- Syngenta España, S.A.U., Calle de la Ribera del Loira 8-10, 28042 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio López
- Syngenta España, S.A.U., Calle de la Ribera del Loira 8-10, 28042 Madrid, Spain.
| | - James Melichar
- Syngenta U.K., Hill Farm Road, Whittlesford, Cambridge, CB22 4QT, United Kingdom.
| | - Jordi Bort
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Serret
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - José Luis Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Shawn C Kefauver
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Centre for Research in Agrotechnology), Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Verkerk AO, Lodder EM, Wilders R. Aquaporin Channels in the Heart-Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082039. [PMID: 31027200 PMCID: PMC6514906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels expressed in a large variety of cells and tissues throughout the body. They are known as water channels, but they also facilitate the transport of small solutes, gasses, and monovalent cations. To date, 13 different AQPs, encoded by the genes AQP0–AQP12, have been identified in mammals, which regulate various important biological functions in kidney, brain, lung, digestive system, eye, and skin. Consequently, dysfunction of AQPs is involved in a wide variety of disorders. AQPs are also present in the heart, even with a specific distribution pattern in cardiomyocytes, but whether their presence is essential for proper (electro)physiological cardiac function has not intensively been studied. This review summarizes recent findings and highlights the involvement of AQPs in normal and pathological cardiac function. We conclude that AQPs are at least implicated in proper cardiac water homeostasis and energy balance as well as heart failure and arsenic cardiotoxicity. However, this review also demonstrates that many effects of cardiac AQPs, especially on excitation-contraction coupling processes, are virtually unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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191
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Mizokami Y, Noguchi K, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Terashima I. Effects of instantaneous and growth CO 2 levels and abscisic acid on stomatal and mesophyll conductances. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1257-1269. [PMID: 30468514 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
C3 photosynthesis is often limited by CO2 diffusivity or stomatal (gs ) and mesophyll (gm ) conductances. To characterize effects of stomatal closure induced by either high CO2 or abscisic acid (ABA) application on gm , we examined gs and gm in the wild type (Col-0) and ost1 and slac1-2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown at 390 or 780 μmol mol-1 CO2 . Stomata of these mutants were reported to be insensitive to both high CO2 and ABA. When the ambient CO2 increased instantaneously, gm decreased in all these plants, whereas gs in ost1 and slac1-2 was unchanged. Therefore, the decrease in gm in response to high CO2 occurred irrespective of the responses of gs . gm was mainly determined by the instantaneous CO2 concentration during the measurement and not markedly by the CO2 concentration during the growth. Exogenous application of ABA to Col-0 caused the decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ). With the decrease in Ci , gm did not increase but decreased, indicating that the response of gm to CO2 and that to ABA are differently regulated and that ABA content in the leaves plays an important role in the regulation of gm .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizokami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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192
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Zhang C, Guo X, Xie H, Li J, Liu X, Zhu B, Liu S, Li H, Li M, He M, Chen P. Quantitative phosphoproteomics of lectin receptor-like kinase VI.4 dependent abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:728-745. [PMID: 29797451 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) play important roles in the responses to adverse environment stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone involved in plant growth, development and adverse environmental stress responses. Although some studies of ABA response LecRK genes have been reported, the molecular mechanisms of LecRKs regulation of downstream pathways under ABA induction are not well understood. The present study showed that LecRK-VI.4 responded to ABA and negatively regulated stomatal closure. Here, a quantitative phosphoproteomics approach based on mass spectrometry was employed to study the roles of LecRK-VI.4 in the ABA signaling pathway. Metal oxide affinity beads and C18 chromatography were used for phosphopeptide enrichment and separation. The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were used for profiling the phosphoproteome of mutant lecrk-vi.4-1 and wild-type Col-0 Arabidopsis under normal growth conditions or ABA treatments. In total, 475 unique phosphopeptides were quantified, including 81 phosphopeptides related to LecRK-VI.4 regulation. Gene ontology, protein-protein interaction and motif analysis were performed. The bioinformatics data showed that phosphorylated proteins regulated by LecRK-VI.4 had close relations with factors of stomatal function, which included aquaporin activity, H+ pump activity and the Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm. These data have expanded our understanding of how LecRK-VI.4 regulates ABA-mediated stomatal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Huali Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Baode Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shucan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Huili Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Meiling Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Mingqi He
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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193
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Qaderi MM, Martel AB, Dixon SL. Environmental Factors Influence Plant Vascular System and Water Regulation. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8030065. [PMID: 30875945 PMCID: PMC6473727 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developmental initiation of plant vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem, from the vascular cambium depends on environmental factors, such as temperature and precipitation. Proper formation of vascular tissue is critical for the transpiration stream, along with photosynthesis as a whole. While effects of individual environmental factors on the transpiration stream are well studied, interactive effects of multiple stress factors are underrepresented. As expected, climate change will result in plants experiencing multiple co-occurring environmental stress factors, which require further studies. Also, the effects of the main climate change components (carbon dioxide, temperature, and drought) on vascular cambium are not well understood. This review aims at synthesizing current knowledge regarding the effects of the main climate change components on the initiation and differentiation of vascular cambium, the transpiration stream, and photosynthesis. We predict that combined environmental factors will result in increased diameter and density of xylem vessels or tracheids in the absence of water stress. However, drought may decrease the density of xylem vessels or tracheids. All interactive combinations are expected to increase vascular cell wall thickness, and therefore increase carbon allocation to these tissues. A comprehensive study of the effects of multiple environmental factors on plant vascular tissue and water regulation should help us understand plant responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirwais M Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Ashley B Martel
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Sage L Dixon
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
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194
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Zhang S, Feng M, Chen W, Zhou X, Lu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Jiang CZ, Gan SS, Ma N, Gao J. In rose, transcription factor PTM balances growth and drought survival via PIP2;1 aquaporin. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:290-299. [PMID: 30833710 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated systems in response to environmental changes, and growth arrest is a common strategy used to enhance stress tolerance. Despite the growth-survival trade-off being essential to the shaping of plant productivity, the mechanisms balancing growth and survival remain largely unknown. Aquaporins play a crucial role in growth and stress responses by controlling water transport across membranes. Here, we show that RhPIP2;1, an aquaporin from rose (Rosa sp.), interacts with a membrane-tethered MYB protein, RhPTM. Water deficiency triggers nuclear translocation of the RhPTM C terminus. Silencing of RhPTM causes continuous growth under drought stress and a consequent decrease in survival rate. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) indicated that RhPTM influences the expression of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism. Water deficiency induces phosphorylation of RhPIP2;1 at Ser 273, which is sufficient to promote nuclear translocation of the RhPTM C terminus. These results indicate that the RhPIP2;1-RhPTM module serves as a key player in orchestrating the trade-off between growth and stress survival in Rosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crop Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Su-Sheng Gan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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195
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Stanfield R, Laur J. Aquaporins Respond to Chilling in the Phloem by Altering Protein and mRNA Expression. Cells 2019; 8:E202. [PMID: 30818743 PMCID: PMC6468725 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous experiments using heat exchangers (liquid cooled blocks) to chill a portion of plant stem have shown a transient stoppage in phloem translocation and an increase in measured phloem pressure. Although a chilled-induced stoppage of phloem transport has been known for over 100 years, the mechanism of this phenomenon is still poorly understood. Recently, work has highlighted that aquaporins occur within the plasma membrane of the sieve tubes along the entire source-to-sink pathway, and that isoforms of these water channel proteins may change dynamically. Aquaporins show regulatory roles in controlling tissue and cellular water status in response to environmental hardships. Thus, we tested if protein localization and mRNA transcript abundance changes occur in response to chilling in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) using immunohistochemistry and qrtPCR. The results of the immunolocalization experiments show that the labeling intensity of the sieve elements treated for only 2 min of chill time significantly increased for PIP2. After 10 min of chilling, this signal declined significantly to lower than that of the pre-chilled sieve elements. Overall, the abundance of mRNA transcript increased for the tested PIP2s following cold application. We discuss the implication that aquaporins are responsible for the alleviation of sieve tube pressure and the resumption of flow following a cold-induced blockage event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Stanfield
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Joan Laur
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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196
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Stanfield RC, Schulte PJ, Randolph KE, Hacke UG. Computational models evaluating the impact of sieve plates and radial water exchange on phloem pressure gradients. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:466-479. [PMID: 30074610 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The sugar conducting phloem in angiosperms is a high resistance pathway made up of sieve elements bounded by sieve plates. The high resistance generated by sieve plates may be a trade-off for promoting quick sealing in the event of injury. However, previous modeling efforts have demonstrated a wide variation in the contribution of sieve plates towards total sieve tube resistance. In the current study, we generated high resolution scanning electron microscope images of sieve plates from balsam poplar and integrated them into a mathematical model using Comsol Multiphysics software. We found that sieve plates contribute upwards of 85% towards total sieve tube resistance. Utilizing the Navier-Stokes equations, we found that oblong pores may create over 50% more resistance in comparison with round pores of the same area. Although radial water flows in phloem sieve tubes have been previously considered, their impact on alleviating pressure gradients has not been fully studied. Our novel simulations find that radial water flow can reduce pressure requirements by half in comparison with modeled sieve tubes with no radial permeability. We discuss the implication that sieve tubes may alleviate pressure requirements to overcome high resistances by regulating their membrane permeability along the entire transport pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Stanfield
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul J Schulte
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Katie E Randolph
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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197
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Prado K, Cotelle V, Li G, Bellati J, Tang N, Tournaire-Roux C, Martinière A, Santoni V, Maurel C. Oscillating Aquaporin Phosphorylation and 14-3-3 Proteins Mediate the Circadian Regulation of Leaf Hydraulics. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:417-429. [PMID: 30674691 PMCID: PMC6447024 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates plant tissue hydraulics to synchronize water supply with environmental cycles and thereby optimize growth. The circadian fluctuations in aquaporin transcript abundance suggest that aquaporin water channels play a role in these processes. Here, we show that hydraulic conductivity (K ros) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) rosettes displays a genuine circadian rhythmicity with a peak around midday. Combined immunological and proteomic approaches revealed that phosphorylation at two C-terminal sites (Ser280, Ser283) of PLASMA MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN 2;1 (AtPIP2;1), a major plasma membrane aquaporin in rosettes, shows circadian oscillations and is correlated with K ros Transgenic expression of phosphodeficient and phosphomimetic forms of this aquaporin indicated that AtPIP2;1 phosphorylation is necessary but not sufficient for K ros regulation. We investigated the supporting role of 14-3-3 proteins, which are known to interact with and regulate phosphorylated proteins. Individual knockout plants for five 14-3-3 protein isoforms expressed in rosettes lacked circadian activation of K ros Two of these [GRF4 (14-3-3Phi); GRF10 (14-3-3Epsilon)] showed direct interactions with AtPIP2;1 in the plant and upon coexpression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and activated AtPIP2;1, preferentially when the latter was phosphorylated at its two C-terminal sites. We propose that this regulatory mechanism assists in the activation of phosphorylated AtPIP2;1 during circadian regulation of K ros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Prado
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Guowei Li
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jorge Bellati
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Ning Tang
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Colette Tournaire-Roux
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
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198
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Salmon Y, Dietrich L, Sevanto S, Hölttä T, Dannoura M, Epron D. Drought impacts on tree phloem: from cell-level responses to ecological significance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:173-191. [PMID: 30726983 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On-going climate change is increasing the risk of drought stress across large areas worldwide. Such drought events decrease ecosystem productivity and have been increasingly linked to tree mortality. Understanding how trees respond to water shortage is key to predicting the future of ecosystem functions. Phloem is at the core of the tree functions, moving resources such as non-structural carbohydrates, nutrients, and defence and information molecules across the whole plant. Phloem function and ability to transport resources is tightly controlled by the balance of carbon and water fluxes within the tree. As such, drought is expected to impact phloem function by decreasing the amount of available water and new photoassimilates. Yet, the effect of drought on the phloem has received surprisingly little attention in the last decades. Here we review existing knowledge on drought impacts on phloem transport from loading and unloading processes at cellular level to possible effects on long-distance transport and consequences to ecosystems via ecophysiological feedbacks. We also point to new research frontiers that need to be explored to improve our understanding of phloem function under drought. In particular, we show how phloem transport is affected differently by increasing drought intensity, from no response to a slowdown, and explore how severe drought might actually disrupt the phloem transport enough to threaten tree survival. Because transport of resources affects other organisms interacting with the tree, we also review the ecological consequences of phloem response to drought and especially predatory, mutualistic and competitive relations. Finally, as phloem is the main path for carbon from sources to sink, we show how drought can affect biogeochemical cycles through changes in phloem transport. Overall, existing knowledge is consistent with the hypotheses that phloem response to drought matters for understanding tree and ecosystem function. However, future research on a large range of species and ecosystems is urgently needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salmon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Latokartanonkaari 7, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663 MA 495, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Latokartanonkaari 7, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Kyoto University, Laboratory of Ecosystem Production and Dynamics, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University, Laboratory of Forest Utilization, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniel Epron
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Nancy, France
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199
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Rodríguez-Gamir J, Xue J, Clearwater MJ, Meason DF, Clinton PW, Domec JC. Aquaporin regulation in roots controls plant hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance, and leaf water potential in Pinus radiata under water stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:717-729. [PMID: 30307040 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal regulation is crucial for forest species performance and survival on drought-prone sites. We investigated the regulation of root and shoot hydraulics in three Pinus radiata clones exposed to drought stress and its coordination with stomatal conductance (gs ) and leaf water potential (Ψleaf ). All clones experienced a substantial decrease in root-specific root hydraulic conductance (Kroot-r ) in response to the water stress, but leaf-specific shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot-l ) did not change in any of the clones. The reduction in Kroot-r caused a decrease in leaf-specific whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant-l ). Among clones, the larger the decrease in Kplant-l , the more stomata closed in response to drought. Rewatering resulted in a quick recovery of Kroot-r and gs . Our results demonstrated that the reduction in Kplant-l , attributed to a down regulation of aquaporin activity in roots, was linked to the isohydric stomatal behaviour, resulting in a nearly constant Ψleaf as water stress started. We concluded that higher Kplant-l is associated with water stress resistance by sustaining a less negative Ψleaf and delaying stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodríguez-Gamir
- Departamento de Suelos y Riegos, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Ctra de El boquerón s/n. 38270. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Forest Systems, Scion, PO Box 29237, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Jianming Xue
- Forest Systems, Scion, PO Box 29237, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Clearwater
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Dean F Meason
- Forest Systems, Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Peter W Clinton
- Forest Systems, Scion, PO Box 29237, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR INRA ISPA 1391, Gradignan, France
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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200
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Khan S, Thomas BR, de la Mata R, Randall MJ, Zhang W, Zwiazek JJ. Variation in Aquaporin and Physiological Responses Among Pinus contorta Families Under Different Moisture Conditions. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8010013. [PMID: 30621354 PMCID: PMC6359517 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A population of eight open pollinated families of Pinus contorta was selected from sites varying in precipitation regimes and elevation to examine the possible role of aquaporins in adaptation to different moisture conditions. Five Pinus contorta aquaporins encoding PiconPIP2;1, PiconPIP2;2, PiconPIP2;3, PiconPIP1;2, and PiconTIP1;1 were cloned and detailed structural analyses were conducted to provide essential information that can explain their biological and molecular function. All five PiconAQPs contained hydrophilic aromatic/arginine selective filters to facilitate the transport of water. Transcript abundance patterns of PiconAQPs varied significantly across the P. contorta families under varying soil moisture conditions. The transcript abundance of five PiconPIPs remained unchanged under control and water-stress conditions in two families that originated from the sites with lower precipitation levels. These two families also displayed a different adaptive strategy of photosynthesis to cope with drought stress, which was manifested by reduced sensitivity in photosynthesis (maintaining the same rate) while exhibiting a reduction in stomatal conductance. In general, root:shoot ratios were not affected by drought stress, but some variation was observed between families. The results showed variability in drought coping mechanisms, including the expression of aquaporin genes and plant biomass allocation among eight families of Pinus contorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjida Khan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Barb R Thomas
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Raul de la Mata
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - Morgan J Randall
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.
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