151
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Turaga SM, Silver DJ, Bayik D, Paouri E, Peng S, Lauko A, Alban TJ, Borjini N, Stanko S, Naik UP, Keri RA, Connor JR, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Rubin JB, Berens M, Davalos D, Lathia JD. JAM-A functions as a female microglial tumor suppressor in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:1591-1601. [PMID: 32592484 PMCID: PMC7690368 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. Previously, we identified that junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), a cell adhesion molecule, is highly elevated in human GBM cancer stem cells and predicts poor patient prognosis. While JAM-A is also highly expressed in other cells in the tumor microenvironment, specifically microglia and macrophages, how JAM-A expression in these cells affects tumor growth has yet to be determined. The goal of this study was to understand the role of microenvironmental JAM-A in mediating GBM growth. METHODS Male and female wild-type (WT) and JAM-A-deficient mice were transplanted intracranially with the syngeneic glioma cell lines GL261 and SB28 and were assessed for differences in survival and microglial activation in tumors and in vitro. RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially regulated genes among all genotypes, and differences were validated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that JAM-A-deficient female mice succumbed to GBM more quickly compared with WT females and JAM-A-deficient and male WT mice. Analysis of microglia in the tumors revealed that female JAM-A-deficient microglia were more activated, and RNA-sequencing identified elevated expression of Fizz1 and Ifi202b specifically in JAM-A-deficient female microglia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that JAM-A functions to suppress pathogenic microglial activation in the female tumor microenvironment, highlighting an emerging role for sex differences in the GBM microenvironment and suggesting that sex differences extend beyond previously reported tumor cell-intrinsic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya M Turaga
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Defne Bayik
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Evi Paouri
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tyler J Alban
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nozha Borjini
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Stanko
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ulhas P Naik
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pharmacology and Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, TGen, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Dimitrios Davalos
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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152
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Lopes-Ramos CM, Quackenbush J, DeMeo DL. Genome-Wide Sex and Gender Differences in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:597788. [PMID: 33330090 PMCID: PMC7719817 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.597788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their known importance in clinical medicine, differences based on sex and gender are among the least studied factors affecting cancer susceptibility, progression, survival, and therapeutic response. In particular, the molecular mechanisms driving sex differences are poorly understood and so most approaches to precision medicine use mutational or other genomic data to assign therapy without considering how the sex of the individual might influence therapeutic efficacy. The mandate by the National Institutes of Health that research studies include sex as a biological variable has begun to expand our understanding on its importance. Sex differences in cancer may arise due to a combination of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors, as well as differences in gene regulation, and expression. Extensive sex differences occur genome-wide, and ultimately influence cancer biology and outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about sex-specific genetic and genome-wide influences in cancer, describe how differences in response to environmental exposures and genetic and epigenetic alterations alter the trajectory of the disease, and provide insights into the importance of integrative analyses in understanding the interplay of sex and genomics in cancer. In particular, we will explore some of the emerging analytical approaches, such as the use of network methods, that are providing a deeper understanding of the drivers of differences based on sex and gender. Better understanding these complex factors and their interactions will improve cancer prevention, treatment, and outcomes for all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Lopes-Ramos
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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153
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Gender and race interact to influence survival disparities in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2020; 112:105093. [PMID: 33232879 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gender and race disparities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HSNCC) survival are independently well documented, but no prior studies have examined the joint effect of these factors on HSNCC outcomes. We aim to comprehensively estimate the effect of gender and race on overall survival in HNSCC. We constructed a retrospective cohort from the National Cancer Database for primary HNSCC of the larynx, hypopharynx, oral cavity, and oropharynx from 2010 to 2015. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regressions to calculate hazard ratios adjusting for treatment type, age, insurance, staging classifications, and comorbidities. Oral cavity cancer was significantly more common among Hispanic and White females compared to other sites. Female non-oropharyngeal HNSCC cases had better five-year overall survival than males (56.3% versus 54.4%, respectively), though Black females (52.8%) had poorer survival than both White (56.2%) and Hispanic (57.9%) males. There were significant differences in oropharyngeal cancer by HPV status. Notably, Black females with HPV-positive oropharyngeal OPSCC had far worse survival than any other race and gender group. These results persisted even when adjusting for potential mediating factors. Clearly gender is a significant prognosticator for HNSCC and has meaningful interactions with race. The distinct site distributions across gender and race reveal important insights into HNSCC among females. Taking into account these gender disparities while considering race is essential to providing appropriate care to head and neck patients and accurately counselling these individuals on prognosis and outcomes.
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154
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Curtin L, Whitmire P, Rickertsen CR, Mazza GL, Canoll P, Johnston SK, Mrugala MM, Swanson KR, Hu LS. Assessment of Prognostic Value of Cystic Features in Glioblastoma Relative to Sex and Treatment With Standard-of-Care. Front Oncol 2020; 10:580750. [PMID: 33282737 PMCID: PMC7705378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.580750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor and can have cystic components, identifiable through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Previous studies suggest that cysts occur in 7–23% of GBMs and report mixed results regarding their prognostic impact. Using our retrospective cohort of 493 patients with first-diagnosis GBM, we carried out an exploratory analysis on this potential link between cystic GBM and survival. Using pretreatment MRIs, we manually identified 88 patients with GBM that had a significant cystic component at presentation and 405 patients that did not. Patients with cystic GBM had significantly longer overall survival and were significantly younger at presentation. Within patients who received the current standard of care (SOC) (N = 184, 40 cystic), we did not observe a survival benefit of cystic GBM. Unexpectedly, we did not observe a significant survival benefit between this SOC cystic cohort and patients with cystic GBM diagnosed before the standard was established (N = 40 with SOC, N = 19 without SOC); this significant SOC benefit was clearly observed in patients with noncystic GBM (N = 144 with SOC, N = 111 without SOC). When stratified by sex, the survival benefit of cystic GBM was only preserved in male patients (N = 303, 47 cystic). We report differences in the absolute and relative sizes of imaging abnormalities on MRI and the prognostic implication of cysts based on sex. We discuss hypotheses for these differences, including the possibility that the presence of a cyst could indicate a less aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Curtin
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, United States
| | - Paula Whitmire
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, United States
| | - Cassandra R Rickertsen
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, United States
| | - Gina L Mazza
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sandra K Johnston
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, United States.,Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maciej M Mrugala
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, United States
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, United States
| | - Leland S Hu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, AZ, United States
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155
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Jiang H, Yu K, Li M, Cui Y, Ren X, Yang C, Zhao X, Lin S. Classification of Progression Patterns in Glioblastoma: Analysis of Predictive Factors and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2020; 10:590648. [PMID: 33251147 PMCID: PMC7673412 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.590648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to explore the progression patterns of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) at first recurrence after chemoradiotherapy. Methods Records from 247 patients who underwent progression after diagnosis of IDH-wildtype GBM was retrospectively reviewed. Progression patterns were classified as either local, distant, subependymal or leptomeningeal dissemination based on the preoperative and serial postoperative radiographic images. The clinical and molecular characteristics of different progression patterns were analyzed. Results A total of 186 (75.3%) patients had local progression, 15 (6.1%) patients had distant progression, 33 (13.3%) patients had subependymal dissemination, and 13 (5.3%) patients had leptomeningeal dissemination. The most favorable survival occurred in patients with local progression, while no significant difference of survival was found among patients with distant progression, subependymal or leptomeningeal dissemination who were thereby reclassified into non-local group. Multivariable analysis showed that chemotherapy was a protective factor for non-local progression, while gender of male, subventricular zone (SVZ) involvement and O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation were confirmed as risk factors for non-local progression (P < 0.05). Based on the factors screened by multivariable analysis, a nomogram was constructed which conferred high accuracy in predicting non-local progression. Patients in non-local group could be divided into long- and short-term survivors who differed in the rates of SVZ involvement, MGMT promoter methylation and reirradiation (P < 0.05), and a nomogram integrating these factors showed high accuracy in predicting long-term survivors. Conclusion Patients harboring different progression patterns conferred distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. Our nomograms could provide theoretical references for physicians to make more personalized and precise treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhe Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
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156
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Zamora-Sánchez CJ, Hernández-Vega AM, Gaona-Domínguez S, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Camacho-Arroyo I. 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone promotes proliferation and migration of human glioblastoma cells. Steroids 2020; 163:108708. [PMID: 32730775 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and deadliest intracranial tumors. Steroid hormones, such as progesterone (P4), at physiological concentrations, promote proliferation, and migration of human GBM cells in vivo and in vitro. Neuronal and glial cells, but also GBMs, metabolize P4 and synthesize different active metabolites such as 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP). However, their contribution to GBM malignancy remains unknown. Here, we determined the 5α-DHP effects on the number of cells, proliferation, and migration of the U87 and U251 human GBM-derived cell lines. Of the tested concentrations (1 nM-1 µM), 5α-DHP 10 nM significantly increased the number of U87 and U251 cells from day 2 of treatment, and proliferation (at day 3) in a similar manner as P4 (10 nM). The treatment with the progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist RU486 (mifepristone), blocked the effects of 5α-DHP on the number of cells and proliferation. Besides, in U251 and LN229 GBM cells, 5α-DHP promoted cell migration (from 12 to 24 h). We also determined that GBM cells expressed the 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases (3α-HSOR), which reversibly reduce 5α-DHP to allopregnanolone (3α-THP). These data indicate that 5α-DHP induces proliferation and migration of human GBM through the activation of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Zamora-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Ana M Hernández-Vega
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Saúl Gaona-Domínguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14610 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico.
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157
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Sex differences in health and disease: A review of biological sex differences relevant to cancer with a spotlight on glioma. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:178-187. [PMID: 33130315 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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158
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Qu Y, Sun X, Ma L, Li C, Xu Z, Ma W, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Ma D. Therapeutic effect of disulfiram inclusion complex embedded in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on intracranial glioma-bearing male rats via intranasal route. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 156:105590. [PMID: 33065226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The unique environment of brain poses a huge challenge for drug development aimed at combatting glioblastoma (GBM) due to poor organ targeting. Intranasal administration is often considered as an attractive route directly into brain by not only circumventing the blood brain barrier and but also avoiding the hepatic first-pass effect. Disulfiram (DSF) is an old alcohol-aversion drug that has anti-tumor activities against diverse cancer types such as GBM in preclinical studies, especially when it is combined with cupper ion (Cu). In this study, DSF was embedded in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to prepare a DSF inclusion complex with the enhanced solubility, anti-GBM activity and high safety in vitro. The highest fluorescence signal of Cy5.5/HP-β-CD in the male rat brains showed the strong brain-targeting of nose-to-brain drug delivery. Therapeutic effects of DSF/HP-β-CD combined with Cu (DSF/HP-β-CD/Cu) on intracranial glioma-bearing male rats via different drug delivery routes were then investigated. DSF/HP-β-CD/Cu administrated by the intranasal route effectively inhibited tumor growth and migration, promoted apoptosis, and achieved 36.8% and 18.2% prolonged median survival time comparing to those of model rats by oral and intravenous administrations, respectively. Moreover, no obvious histopathological damage to normal tissues was observed by H&E staining. Overall, DSF/HP-β-CD/Cu could be a promising intranasal formulation for the effective GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Long Ma
- The Testing Center of Shandong Bureau of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, 14 Shanshidong Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Dedong Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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159
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Bais SS, Chheda MG. A Fyn romance: tumor cell Fyn kinase suppresses the immune microenvironment. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:746-747. [PMID: 32227231 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachendra S Bais
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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160
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Asad AS, Nicola Candia AJ, Gonzalez N, Zuccato CF, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. The role of the prolactin receptor pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma: what do we know so far? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1121-1133. [PMID: 32896197 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1821187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been associated with the development of hormone-dependent tumors and have been detected in glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and the prognosis for patients is dismal; hence researchers are exploring the PRLR pathway as a therapeutic target in this disease. Areas covered: This paper explores the effects of PRLR activation on the biology of GBM, the correlation between PRL and PRLR expression and GBM progression and survival in male and female patients. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of the PRLR pathway may allow the development of novel treatments for GBM. Expert opinion: We propose PRL and PRLR as potential prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GBM. Local administration of PRLR inhibitors using gene therapy may offer a beneficial strategy for targeting GBM cells disseminated in the non-neoplastic brain; however, efficacy and safety require careful and extensive evaluation. The data depicted herein underline the need to (i) improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in GBM, and (ii) develop accurate preclinical models that take into consideration different hormonal contexts, specific genetic alterations, and tumor grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela S Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila F Zuccato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
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161
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Machluf Y, Chaiter Y, Tal O. Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:3645-3668. [PMID: 32953842 PMCID: PMC7479575 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender-specific differences in the prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, prognosis, severity, risk factors, drug-related aspects and outcomes of various medical conditions are well documented. We present a literature review on the extent to which research in this field has developed over the years, and reveal gaps in gender-sensitive awareness between the clinical portrayal and the translation into gender-specific treatment regimens, guidelines and into gender-oriented preventive strategies and health policies. Subsequently, through the lens of gender, we describe these domains in detail for four selected medical conditions: Asthma, obesity and overweight, chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019. As some of the key gender differences become more apparent during adolescence, we focus on this developmental stage. Finally, we propose a model which is based on three influential issues: (1) Investigating gender-specific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (2) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (3) An integrative approach which takes into account additional risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, lifestyle habits etc.). Increasing the awareness of gender-specific medicine in daily practice and in tailored guidelines, already among adolescents, may reduce inequities, facilitate the prediction of future trends and properly address the characteristics and needs of certain subpopulations within each gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossy Machluf
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Kazerin 1290000, Israel
| | - Yoram Chaiter
- The Israeli Center for Emerging Technologies in Hospitals and Hospital-based Health Technology Assessment, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin 7030100, Israel
| | - Orna Tal
- The Israeli Center for Emerging Technologies in Hospitals and Hospital-based Health Technology Assessment, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin 7030100, Israel
- Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin 7030100, Israel
- Department of Management, Program of Public Health and Health System Administration, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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162
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Qi L, Kogiso M, Du Y, Zhang H, Braun FK, Huang Y, Teo WY, Lindsay H, Zhao S, Baxter P, Zhao X, Yu L, Liu Z, Zhang X, Su JM, Adesina A, Yang J, Chintagumpala M, Perlaky L, Tsz-Kwong Man C, Lau CC, Li XN. Impact of SCID mouse gender on tumorigenicity, xenograft growth and drug-response in a large panel of orthotopic PDX models of pediatric brain tumors. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:197-206. [PMID: 32891713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumor is the leading cause of cancer related death in children. Clinically relevant animals are critical for new therapy development. To address the potential impact of animal gender on tumorigenicity rate, xenograft growth and in vivo drug responses, we retrospectively analyzed 99 of our established patient derived orthotopic xenograft mouse models (orthotopic PDX or PDOX). From 27 patient tumors, including 5 glioblastomas (GBMs), 11 medulloblastomas (MBs), 4 ependymomas (EPNs), 4 atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) and 3 diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), that were directly implanted into matching locations in the brains of approximately equal numbers of male and female animals (n = 310) in age-matched (within 2-week age-difference) SCID mice, the tumor formation rate was 50.6 ± 21.5% in male and 52.7 ± 23.5% in female mice with animal survival times of 192.6 ± 31.7 days in male and 173.9 ± 34.5 days in female mice (P = 0.46) regardless of pathological diagnosis. Once established, PDOX tumors were serially subtransplanted for up to VII passage. Analysis of 1,595 mice from 59 PDOX models (18 GBMs, 18 MBs, 5 ATRTs, 6 EPNs, 7 DIPGs and 5 PENTs) during passage II and VII revealed similar tumor take rates of the 6 different tumor types between male (85.4 ± 15.5%) and female mice (84.7 ± 15.2%) (P = 0.74), and animal survival times were 96.7 ± 23.3 days in male mice and 99.7 ± 20 days in female (P = 0.25). A total of 284 mice from 7 GBM, 2 MB, 1 ATRT, 1 EPN, 2 DIPG and 1 PNET were treated with a series of standard and investigational drugs/compounds. The overall survival times were 106.9 ± 25.7 days in male mice, and 110.9 ± 31.8 days in female mice (P = 0.41), similar results were observed when different types/models were analyzed separately. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the gender of SCID mice did not have a major impact on animal model development nor drug responses in vivo, and SCID mice of both genders are appropriate for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mari Kogiso
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frank K Braun
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Singapore, 169610, Singapore; KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 169610, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 169610, Singapore; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169610, Singapore
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Xiumei Zhao
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Litian Yu
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Oancer Oenter of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519001, China; Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519001, China
| | - Xingding Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jack Mf Su
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ching C Lau
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, USA; The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine and University of Connecticut School of Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Pre-clinical Neuro-oncology Research Program, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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163
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Lin JZ, Lin N, Zhao WJ. Identification and validation of a six-lncRNA prognostic signature with its ceRNA networks and candidate drugs in lower-grade gliomas. Genomics 2020; 112:2990-3002. [PMID: 32447005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas account for 75% of the primary malignant brain tumors and a majority of lower-grade gliomas (LGG) inevitably develop into glioblastoma. The dysregulation of lncRNAs play a crucial role in LGG. In the present study, we first screened out six differentially expressed lncRNAs (AC021739.2, AL031722.1, AL354740.1, FGD5-AS1, LINC00844, and NEAT1) based on TCGA and GTEx RNA-seq databases. LncRNA prognostic signature was then established by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, with its predictive value validated by time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. After lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were established by Cytoscape 3.7.2, Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed, with results enriched in various malignancy-related functions and pathways. Finally, six putative drugs (irinotecan, camptothecin, mitoxantrone, azacitidine, mestranol, and enilconazole) were predicted by Connectivity Map. In conclusion, we identified a 6-lncRNA prognostic signature with its ceRNA networks, and six candidate drugs against LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zhe Lin
- Neurosurgical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Nuan Lin
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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164
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Hammouz RY, Kostanek JK, Dudzisz A, Witas P, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK. Differential expression of lung adenocarcinoma transcriptome with signature of tobacco exposure. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:421-437. [PMID: 32564237 PMCID: PMC7413900 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Smoking accounts for almost 80-90% of lung cancer cases, which is also the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths in humans. With over 60 carcinogens in tobacco smoke, cells dividing at the time of carcinogen exposure are at particular risk of neoplasia. The present study aimed to investigate global gene expression differences in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tumour samples of current smokers and non-smokers, in an attempt to elucidate biological mechanisms underlying divergent smoking effects. Current and non-smoker tumour samples were analysed using bioinformatics tools, examining differences in molecular drivers of cancer initiation and progression, as well as evaluating the effect of smoking and sex on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). As a result, we identified 1150 differentially expressed genes showing visible differences in the expression profiles between the smoking subgroups. The genes were primarily involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair, VEGF, GnRH, ErbB and T cell receptor signalling pathways. Our results show that smoking clearly affected E2F transcriptional activity and DNA repair pathways including mismatch repair, base excision repair and homologous recombination. We observed that sex could modify the effects of PLA2G2A and PRG4 in LUAD tumour samples, whereas sex and smoking status might possibly have a biological effect on the EMT-related genes: HEY2, OLFM1, SFRP1 and STRAP. We also identified potential epigenetic changes smoking solely might have on EMT-related genes, which may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneem Y. Hammouz
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna K. Kostanek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dudzisz
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Witas
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orzechowska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K. Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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165
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Bairey Merz N, Barnes PJ, Brinton RD, Carrero JJ, DeMeo DL, De Vries GJ, Epperson CN, Govindan R, Klein SL, Lonardo A, Maki PM, McCullough LD, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Regensteiner JG, Rubin JB, Sandberg K, Suzuki A. Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. Lancet 2020; 396:565-582. [PMID: 32828189 PMCID: PMC7440877 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 900] [Impact Index Per Article: 225.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease progression, and response to treatment. This Review discusses the fundamental influences of sex and gender as modifiers of the major causes of death and morbidity. We articulate how the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biological sex influence physiology and disease, and how the social constructs of gender affect the behaviour of the community, clinicians, and patients in the health-care system and interact with pathobiology. We aim to guide clinicians and researchers to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Diabetes Discovery & Sex-Based Medicine Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, John W Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta D Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juan-Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geert J De Vries
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Berlin Institute of Gender Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Center for Women's Health Research, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA; Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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166
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Bhargav AG, Mondal SK, Garcia CA, Green JJ, Quiñones‐Hinojosa A. Nanomedicine Revisited: Next Generation Therapies for Brain Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adip G. Bhargav
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester MN 55905 USA
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic 4500 San Pablo Rd. Jacksonville FL 32224 USA
| | - Sujan K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Cesar A. Garcia
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic 4500 San Pablo Rd. Jacksonville FL 32224 USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neurosurgery, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Materials Science and Engineering, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Bloomberg‐Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute for Nanobiotechnology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 400 N. Broadway, Smith 5017 Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones‐Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic 4500 San Pablo Rd. Jacksonville FL 32224 USA
- Departments of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery/Audiology Neuroscience, Cancer Biology, and Anatomy Mayo Clinic 4500 San Pablo Rd. Jacksonville FL 32224 USA
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167
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Tricarico R, Nicolas E, Hall MJ, Golemis EA. X- and Y-Linked Chromatin-Modifying Genes as Regulators of Sex-Specific Cancer Incidence and Prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5567-5578. [PMID: 32732223 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex profoundly conditions organismal development and physiology, imposing wide-ranging effects on cell signaling, metabolism, and immune response. These effects arise from sex-specified differences in hormonal exposure, and from intrinsic genetic and epigenetic differences associated with the presence of an XX versus XY chromosomal complement. In addition, biological sex is now recognized to be a determinant of the incidence, presentation, and therapeutic response of multiple forms of cancer, including cancers not specifically associated with male or female anatomy. Although multiple factors contribute to sex-based differences in cancer, a growing body of research emphasizes a role for differential activity of X- and Y-linked tumor-suppressor genes in males and females. Among these, the X-linked KDM6A/UTX and KDM5C/JARID1C/SMCX, and their Y-linked paralogs UTY/KDM6C and KDM5D/JARID1D/SMCY encode lysine demethylases. These epigenetic modulators profoundly influence gene expression, based on enzymatic activity in demethylating H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, and nonenzymatic scaffolding roles for large complexes that open and close chromatin for transcription. In a growing number of cases, mutations affecting these proteins have been recognized to strongly influence cancer risk, prognosis, and response to specific therapies. However, sex-specific patterns of mutation, expression, and activity of these genes, coupled with tissue-specific requirement for their function as tumor suppressors, together exemplify the complex relationship between sex and cancer vulnerabilities. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current state of the literature on the roles of these proteins in contributing to sex bias in cancer, and the status of clinical agents relevant to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Tricarico
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Hall
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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168
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Poon MTC, Sudlow CLM, Figueroa JD, Brennan PM. Longer-term (≥ 2 years) survival in patients with glioblastoma in population-based studies pre- and post-2005: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11622. [PMID: 32669604 PMCID: PMC7363854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of survival benefits observed in glioblastoma clinical trials to populations and to longer-term survival remains uncertain. We aimed to assess if ≥ 2-year survival has changed in relation to the trial of radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide published in 2005. We searched MEDLINE and Embase for population-based studies with ≥ 50 patients published after 2002 reporting survival at ≥ 2 years following glioblastoma diagnosis. Primary endpoints were survival at 2-, 3- and 5-years stratified by recruitment period. We meta-analysed survival estimates using a random effects model stratified according to whether recruitment ended before 2005 (earlier) or started during or after 2005 (later). PROSPERO registration number CRD42019130035. Twenty-three populations from 63 potentially eligible studies contributed to the meta-analyses. Pooled 2-year overall survival estimates for the earlier and later study periods were 9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6-12%; n/N = 1,488/17,507) and 18% (95% CI 14-22%; n/N = 5,670/32,390), respectively. Similarly, pooled 3-year survival estimates increased from 4% (95% CI 2-6%; n/N = 325/10,556) to 11% (95% CI 9-14%; n/N = 1900/16,397). One study with a within-population comparison showed similar improvement in survival among the older population. Pooled 5-year survival estimates were 3% (95% CI 1-5%; n/N = 401/14,919) and 4% (95% CI 2-5%; n/N = 1,291/28,748) for the earlier and later periods, respectively. Meta-analyses of real-world data suggested a doubling of 2- and 3-year survival in glioblastoma patients since 2005. However, 5-year survival remains poor with no apparent improvement. Detailed clinically annotated population-based data and further molecular characterization of longer-term survivors may explain the unchanged survival beyond 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T C Poon
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathie L M Sudlow
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jonine D Figueroa
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul M Brennan
- Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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169
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Johansson P, Krona C, Kundu S, Doroszko M, Baskaran S, Schmidt L, Vinel C, Almstedt E, Elgendy R, Elfineh L, Gallant C, Lundsten S, Ferrer Gago FJ, Hakkarainen A, Sipilä P, Häggblad M, Martens U, Lundgren B, Frigault MM, Lane DP, Swartling FJ, Uhrbom L, Nestor M, Marino S, Nelander S. A Patient-Derived Cell Atlas Informs Precision Targeting of Glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107897. [PMID: 32668248 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with few therapeutic options. The disease presents with a complex spectrum of genomic aberrations, but the pharmacological consequences of these aberrations are partly unknown. Here, we report an integrated pharmacogenomic analysis of 100 patient-derived GBM cell cultures from the human glioma cell culture (HGCC) cohort. Exploring 1,544 drugs, we find that GBM has two main pharmacological subgroups, marked by differential response to proteasome inhibitors and mutually exclusive aberrations in TP53 and CDKN2A/B. We confirm this trend in cell and in xenotransplantation models, and identify both Bcl-2 family inhibitors and p53 activators as potentiators of proteasome inhibitors in GBM cells. We can further predict the responses of individual cell cultures to several existing drug classes, presenting opportunities for drug repurposing and design of stratified trials. Our functionally profiled biobank provides a valuable resource for the discovery of new treatments for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Johansson
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Krona
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Soumi Kundu
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milena Doroszko
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sathishkumar Baskaran
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Schmidt
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claire Vinel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Elin Almstedt
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramy Elgendy
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ludmila Elfineh
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Gallant
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Lundsten
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fernando J Ferrer Gago
- Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Aleksi Hakkarainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Häggblad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Martens
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundgren
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - David P Lane
- Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Dept of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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170
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Burgenske DM, Yang J, Decker PA, Kollmeyer TM, Kosel ML, Mladek AC, Caron AA, Vaubel RA, Gupta SK, Kitange GJ, Sicotte H, Youland RS, Remonde D, Voss JS, Fritcher EGB, Kolsky KL, Ida CM, Meyer FB, Lachance DH, Parney IJ, Kipp BR, Giannini C, Sulman EP, Jenkins RB, Eckel-Passow JE, Sarkaria JN. Molecular profiling of long-term IDH-wildtype glioblastoma survivors. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:1458-1469. [PMID: 31346613 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) represents an aggressive cancer type with a median survival of only 14 months. With fewer than 5% of patients surviving 5 years, comprehensive profiling of these rare patients could elucidate prognostic biomarkers that may confer better patient outcomes. We utilized multiple molecular approaches to characterize the largest patient cohort of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype GBM long-term survivors (LTS) to date. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on 49 archived formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor specimens from patients diagnosed with GBM at the Mayo Clinic between December 1995 and September 2013. These patient samples were subdivided into 2 groups based on survival (12 LTS, 37 short-term survivors [STS]) and subsequently examined by mutation sequencing, copy number analysis, methylation profiling, and gene expression. RESULTS Of the 49 patients analyzed in this study, LTS were younger at diagnosis (P = 0.016), more likely to be female (P = 0.048), and MGMT promoter methylated (UniD, P = 0.01). IDH-wildtype STS and LTS demonstrated classic GBM mutations and copy number changes. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed LTS enrichment for sphingomyelin metabolism, which has been linked to decreased GBM growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. STS were enriched for DNA repair and cell cycle control networks. CONCLUSIONS While our findings largely report remarkable similarity between these LTS and more typical STS, unique attributes were observed in regard to altered gene expression and pathway enrichment. These attributes may be valuable prognostic markers and are worth further examination. Importantly, this study also underscores the limitations of existing biomarkers and classification methods in predicting patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas M Kollmeyer
- Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew L Kosel
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alissa A Caron
- Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rachael A Vaubel
- Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shiv K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gaspar J Kitange
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hugues Sicotte
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ryan S Youland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Dioval Remonde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jesse S Voss
- Molecular Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily G Barr Fritcher
- Molecular Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn L Kolsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cristiane M Ida
- Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Fredric B Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Ian J Parney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin R Kipp
- Molecular Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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171
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Ostrom QT, Adel Fahmideh M, Cote DJ, Muskens IS, Schraw JM, Scheurer ME, Bondy ML. Risk factors for childhood and adult primary brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2020; 21:1357-1375. [PMID: 31301133 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors account for ~1% of new cancer cases and ~2% of cancer deaths in the United States; however, they are the most commonly occurring solid tumors in children. These tumors are very heterogeneous and can be broadly classified into malignant and benign (or non-malignant), and specific histologies vary in frequency by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Epidemiological studies have explored numerous potential risk factors, and thus far the only validated associations for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in both adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk in adults). Studies of genetic risk factors have identified 32 germline variants associated with increased risk for these tumors in adults (25 in glioma, 2 in meningioma, 3 in pituitary adenoma, and 2 in primary CNS lymphoma), and further studies are currently under way for other histologic subtypes, as well as for various childhood brain tumors. While identifying risk factors for these tumors is difficult due to their rarity, many existing datasets can be leveraged for future discoveries in multi-institutional collaborations. Many institutions are continuing to develop large clinical databases including pre-diagnostic risk factor data, and developments in molecular characterization of tumor subtypes continue to allow for investigation of more refined phenotypes. Key Point 1. Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors that vary significantly in incidence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.2. The only well-validated risk factors for brain tumors are ionizing radiation (which increases risk in adults and children) and history of allergies (which decreases risk).3. Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 histology-specific inherited genetic variants associated with increased risk of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Ostrom
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maral Adel Fahmideh
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Cote
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivo S Muskens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremy M Schraw
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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172
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Roetzer T, Furtner J, Gesperger J, Seebrecht L, Bandke D, Brada M, Brandner-Kokalj T, Grams A, Haybaeck J, Kitzwoegerer M, Leber SL, Marhold F, Moser P, Sherif C, Trenkler J, Unterluggauer J, Weis S, Wuertz F, Hainfellner JA, Langs G, Nenning KH, Woehrer A. Sex-Specific Differences in Primary CNS Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061593. [PMID: 32560244 PMCID: PMC7352658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-specific differences have been increasingly recognized in many human diseases including brain cancer, namely glioblastoma. Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an exceedingly rare type of brain cancer that tends to have a higher incidence and worse outcomes in male patients. Yet, relatively little is known about the reasons that contribute to these observed sex-specific differences. Using a population-representative cohort of patients with PCNSL with dense magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and digital pathology annotation (n = 74), we performed sex-specific cluster and survival analyses to explore possible associations. We found three prognostically relevant clusters for females and two for males, characterized by differences in (i) patient demographics, (ii) tumor-associated immune response, and (iii) MR imaging phenotypes. Upon a multivariable analysis, an enhanced FoxP3+ lymphocyte-driven immune response was associated with a shorter overall survival particularly in female patients (HR 1.65, p = 0.035), while an increased extent of contrast enhancement emerged as an adverse predictor of outcomes in male patients (HR 1.05, p < 0.01). In conclusion, we found divergent prognostic constellations between female and male patients with PCNSL that suggest differential roles of tumor-associated immune response and MR imaging phenotypes. Our results further underline the importance of continued sex-specific analyses in the field of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roetzer
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Julia Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johanna Gesperger
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Seebrecht
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Dave Bandke
- Division of Neuropathology, NeuromedCampus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Martina Brada
- Department of Pathology, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Tanisa Brandner-Kokalj
- Institute of Pathology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria; (T.B.-K.); (F.W.)
| | - Astrid Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (J.H.); (J.U.)
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melitta Kitzwoegerer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria;
| | - Stefan L. Leber
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Franz Marhold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria;
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Camillo Sherif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johannes Trenkler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, NeuromedCampus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Julia Unterluggauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (J.H.); (J.U.)
| | - Serge Weis
- Division of Neuropathology, NeuromedCampus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (D.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Franz Wuertz
- Institute of Pathology, State Hospital Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria; (T.B.-K.); (F.W.)
| | - Johannes A. Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
| | - Georg Langs
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karl-Heinz Nenning
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Division of Neuropathology & Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.R.); (J.G.); (L.S.); (J.A.H.); (A.W.)
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173
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Dahlrot RH, Larsen P, Boldt HB, Kreutzfeldt MS, Hansen S, Hjelmborg JB, Kristensen BW. Posttreatment Effect of MGMT Methylation Level on Glioblastoma Survival. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:633-640. [PMID: 31058280 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes temozolomide-induced alkylation, thereby preventing DNA damage and cytotoxicity. We investigated the prognostic effect of different MGMT methylation levels on overall and progression-free survival in 327 patients with primary glioblastoma undergoing standard treatment. We obtained MGMT methylation level in 4 CpG sites using pyrosequencing. The association between MGMT methylation level and survival was investigated using Cox proportional hazards model and an extension to detect time-varying effects. We found an association between MGMT methylation level and overall survival (OS) from around 9 months after the diagnosis, with no association between MGMT methylation level and OS before that. For patients surviving at least 9 months even small increases in MGMT methylation level are significantly beneficial (HR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.96, 0.98]). The predictive ability of MGMT methylation level on OS from 9 months after diagnosis has a Harrel's C of 66%. We conclude that the MGMT methylation level is strongly associated with survival only for patients surviving beyond 9 months with considerable effects for levels much lower than previously reported. Prognostic evaluation of cut-points of MGMT methylation levels and of CpG island site selection should take the time-varying effect on overall survival into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pia Larsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Jacob B Hjelmborg
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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174
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Woitowich NC, Beery A, Woodruff T. A 10-year follow-up study of sex inclusion in the biological sciences. eLife 2020; 9:56344. [PMID: 32513386 PMCID: PMC7282816 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, to address the historical overrepresentation of male subjects in biomedical research, the US National Institutes of Health implemented a policy requiring investigators to consider sex as a biological variable. In order to assess the impact of this policy, we conducted a bibliometric analysis across nine biological disciplines for papers published in 34 journals in 2019, and compared our results with those of a similar study carried out by Beery and Zucker in 2009. There was a significant increase in the proportion of studies that included both sexes across all nine disciplines, but in eight of the disciplines there was no change in the proportion studies that included data analyzed by sex. The majority of studies failed to provide rationale for single-sex studies or the lack of sex-based analyses, and those that did relied on misconceptions surrounding the hormonal variability of females. Together, these data demonstrate that while sex-inclusive research practices are more commonplace, there are still gaps in analyses and reporting of data by sex in many biological disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Woitowich
- Women's Health Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Annaliese Beery
- Department of Psychology, Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Smith College, Northampton, United States
| | - Teresa Woodruff
- Women's Health Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
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175
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Hu LS, Swanson KR. Roadmap for the clinical integration of radiomics in neuro-oncology. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:743-745. [PMID: 32227184 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leland S Hu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
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176
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Whitmire P, Rickertsen CR, Hawkins-Daarud A, Carrasco E, Lorence J, De Leon G, Curtin L, Bayless S, Clark-Swanson K, Peeri NC, Corpuz C, Lewis-de Los Angeles CP, Bendok BR, Gonzalez-Cuyar L, Vora S, Mrugala MM, Hu LS, Wang L, Porter A, Kumthekar P, Johnston SK, Egan KM, Gatenby R, Canoll P, Rubin JB, Swanson KR. Sex-specific impact of patterns of imageable tumor growth on survival of primary glioblastoma patients. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:447. [PMID: 32429869 PMCID: PMC7238585 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex is recognized as a significant determinant of outcome among glioblastoma patients, but the relative prognostic importance of glioblastoma features has not been thoroughly explored for sex differences. Methods Combining multi-modal MR images, biomathematical models, and patient clinical information, this investigation assesses which pretreatment variables have a sex-specific impact on the survival of glioblastoma patients (299 males and 195 females). Results Among males, tumor (T1Gd) radius was a predictor of overall survival (HR = 1.027, p = 0.044). Among females, higher tumor cell net invasion rate was a significant detriment to overall survival (HR = 1.011, p < 0.001). Female extreme survivors had significantly smaller tumors (T1Gd) (p = 0.010 t-test), but tumor size was not correlated with female overall survival (p = 0.955 CPH). Both male and female extreme survivors had significantly lower tumor cell net proliferation rates than other patients (M p = 0.004, F p = 0.001, t-test). Conclusion Despite similar distributions of the MR imaging parameters between males and females, there was a sex-specific difference in how these parameters related to outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Whitmire
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
| | - Cassandra R Rickertsen
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Andrea Hawkins-Daarud
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Eduardo Carrasco
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Julia Lorence
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gustavo De Leon
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Lee Curtin
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.,Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Spencer Bayless
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Kamala Clark-Swanson
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Noah C Peeri
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christina Corpuz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bernard R Bendok
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Luis Gonzalez-Cuyar
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sujay Vora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Leland S Hu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alyx Porter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra K Johnston
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Egan
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd , SSB 02-700, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
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177
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Leskanicova A, Chovancova O, Babincak M, Verboova L, Benetinova Z, Macekova D, Kostolny J, Smajda B, Kiskova T. Sexual Dimorphism in Energy Metabolism of Wistar Rats Using Data Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102353. [PMID: 32443550 PMCID: PMC7287681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of some chronic diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders, differs between sexes. Animal models provide an important tool to adopt potential therapies from preclinical studies to humans. Laboratory rats are the most popular animals in toxicology, neurobehavioral, or cancer research. Our study aimed to reveal the basic differences in blood metabolome (amino acids, biogenic amines, and acylcarnitines) of the adult male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) Wistar rats. Partial least square-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and a variance im portance in projection (VIP) score was used to identify the key sex-specific metabolites. All groups of metabolites, as the main markers of energy metabolism, showed a significant sex-dependent pattern. The most important features calculated in PLS-DA according to VIP score were free carnitine (C0), tyrosine (Tyr), and acylcarnitine C5-OH. While aromatic amino acids, such as Tyr and phenylalanine (Phe), were significantly elevated in the blood plasma of males, tryptophan (Trp) was found in higher levels in the blood plasma of females. Besides, significant sex-related changes in urea cycle were found. Our study provides an important insight into sex-specific differences in energy metabolism in rats and indicates that further studies should consider sex as the main aspect in design and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leskanicova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Olga Chovancova
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Marian Babincak
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Ludmila Verboova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (L.V.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zuzana Benetinova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (L.V.); (Z.B.)
| | - Denisa Macekova
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jozef Kostolny
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Benadik Smajda
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (T.K.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1216 (T.K.); Fax: +421-55-622-2124 (T.K.)
| | - Terezia Kiskova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (T.K.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1216 (T.K.); Fax: +421-55-622-2124 (T.K.)
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Dong M, Cioffi G, Wang J, Waite KA, Ostrom QT, Kruchko C, Lathia JD, Rubin JB, Berens ME, Connor J, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Sex Differences in Cancer Incidence and Survival: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1389-1397. [PMID: 32349967 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex plays an important role in the incidence, prognosis, and mortality of cancers, but often is not considered in disease treatment. METHODS We quantified sex differences in cancer incidence using the United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) public use database and sex differences in cancer survival using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) public use data from 2001 to 2016. Age-adjusted male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated by primary cancer site, race, and age groups. In addition, age-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% CI by sex within site were generated. RESULTS In general, cancer incidence and overall survival were lower in males than females, with Kaposi sarcoma (IRR: 9.751; 95% CI, 9.287-10.242; P < 0.001) having highest male-to-female incidence, and thyroid cancers (HR, 1.774; 95% CI, 1.707-1.845) having largest male-to-female survival difference. Asian or Pacific Islanders had particularly high male-to-female incidence in larynx cancers (IRR: 8.199; 95% CI, 7.203-9.363; P < 0.001), relative to other races. Among primary brain tumors, germ cell tumors had the largest male-to-female incidence (IRR: 3.03; 95% CI, 2.798-3.284, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, incidence and survival of cancer vary significantly by sex, with males generally having lower incidence and survival compared with females. Male-to-female incidence differences were also noted across race and age groups. These results provide strong evidence that the fundamental biology of sex differences affects cancers of all types. IMPACT This study represents the most recent and comprehensive reporting of sex differences in cancer incidence and survival in the United States. Identifying disadvantaged groups is critical as it can provide useful information to improve cancer survival, as well as to better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gino Cioffi
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research (CCHOR), Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), Hinsdale, Illinois
| | - Jacqueline Wang
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristin A Waite
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research (CCHOR), Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), Hinsdale, Illinois
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), Hinsdale, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carol Kruchko
- Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), Hinsdale, Illinois
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (Tgen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - James Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research (CCHOR), Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), Hinsdale, Illinois.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Cleveland, Ohio.,Research Health Analytics and Informatics, University Hospitals Health System (UHHS), Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor. In spite of the rigorous multimodal treatment involving surgery and radiochemotherapy, GBM has a dismal prognosis and rapid relapsing potential. Hence, search for novel therapeutic agents still continues. Neoantigens are the tumor-specific antigens which arise due to somatic mutations in the tumor genome. In recent years, personalized vaccine approach targeting neoantigens has been explored widely in cancer immunotherapy and several efforts have also been made to revolutionize the immunotherapy of cold tumors such as GBM using neoantigen targeted vaccines. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the clinical application of personalized neoantigen targeted vaccine strategy in GBM immunotherapy. While discussing this strategy, we brief about the current challenges faced in GBM treatment by the novel immunotherapeutics. EXPERT OPINION To date, very few vaccines developed for GBM have reached till phase III clinical development. Early-phase clinical trials of GBM neoantigen vaccines have shown promising clinical outcomes and therefore, its rapid clinical development is warranted. Advent of newer and faster techniques such as next-generation sequencing will drive the faster clinical development of multiplex neoantigen vaccines and hence, increase in the clinical trials is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Y Londhe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &, Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University , Mumbai, India
| | - Varada Date
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &, Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University , Mumbai, India
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180
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Bayik D, Zhou Y, Park C, Hong C, Vail D, Silver DJ, Lauko A, Roversi G, Watson DC, Lo A, Alban TJ, McGraw M, Sorensen M, Grabowski MM, Otvos B, Vogelbaum MA, Horbinski C, Kristensen BW, Khalil AM, Hwang TH, Ahluwalia MS, Cheng F, Lathia JD. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subsets Drive Glioblastoma Growth in a Sex-Specific Manner. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1210-1225. [PMID: 32300059 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that block antitumor immunity are elevated in glioblastoma (GBM) patient blood and tumors. However, the distinct contributions of monocytic (mMDSC) versus granulocytic (gMDSC) subsets have yet to be determined. In mouse models of GBM, we observed that mMDSCs were enriched in the male tumors, whereas gMDSCs were elevated in the blood of females. Depletion of gMDSCs extended survival only in female mice. Using gene-expression signatures coupled with network medicine analysis, we demonstrated in preclinical models that mMDSCs could be targeted with antiproliferative agents in males, whereas gMDSC function could be inhibited by IL1β blockade in females. Analysis of patient data confirmed that proliferating mMDSCs were predominant in male tumors and that a high gMDSC/IL1β gene signature correlated with poor prognosis in female patients. These findings demonstrate that MDSC subsets differentially drive immune suppression in a sex-specific manner and can be leveraged for therapeutic intervention in GBM. SIGNIFICANCE: Sexual dimorphism at the level of MDSC subset prevalence, localization, and gene-expression profile constitutes a therapeutic opportunity. Our results indicate that chemotherapy can be used to target mMDSCs in males, whereas IL1 pathway inhibitors can provide benefit to females via inhibition of gMDSCs.See related commentary by Gabrilovich et al., p. 1100.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defne Bayik
- Cancer Impact Area and Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chihyun Park
- Quantitative Health Science, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Changjin Hong
- Quantitative Health Science, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel Vail
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Cancer Impact Area and Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adam Lauko
- Cancer Impact Area and Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gustavo Roversi
- Cancer Impact Area and Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Cancer Impact Area and Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alice Lo
- Cancer Impact Area and Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tyler J Alban
- Cancer Impact Area and Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary McGraw
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mia Sorensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthew M Grabowski
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Balint Otvos
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ahmad M Khalil
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Quantitative Health Science, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Cancer Impact Area and Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Rubin JB, Lagas JS, Broestl L, Sponagel J, Rockwell N, Rhee G, Rosen SF, Chen S, Klein RS, Imoukhuede P, Luo J. Sex differences in cancer mechanisms. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 32295632 PMCID: PMC7161126 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We now know that cancer is many different diseases, with great variation even within a single histological subtype. With the current emphasis on developing personalized approaches to cancer treatment, it is astonishing that we have not yet systematically incorporated the biology of sex differences into our paradigms for laboratory and clinical cancer research. While some sex differences in cancer arise through the actions of circulating sex hormones, other sex differences are independent of estrogen, testosterone, or progesterone levels. Instead, these differences are the result of sexual differentiation, a process that involves genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, in addition to acute sex hormone actions. Sexual differentiation begins with fertilization and continues beyond menopause. It affects virtually every body system, resulting in marked sex differences in such areas as growth, lifespan, metabolism, and immunity, all of which can impact on cancer progression, treatment response, and survival. These organismal level differences have correlates at the cellular level, and thus, males and females can fundamentally differ in their protections and vulnerabilities to cancer, from cellular transformation through all stages of progression, spread, and response to treatment. Our goal in this review is to cover some of the robust sex differences that exist in core cancer pathways and to make the case for inclusion of sex as a biological variable in all laboratory and clinical cancer research. We finish with a discussion of lab- and clinic-based experimental design that should be used when testing whether sex matters and the appropriate statistical models to apply in data analysis for rigorous evaluations of potential sex effects. It is our goal to facilitate the evaluation of sex differences in cancer in order to improve outcomes for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Joseph S Lagas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lauren Broestl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jasmin Sponagel
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Rockwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gina Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah F Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Princess Imoukhuede
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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182
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Massey SC, White H, Whitmire P, Doyle T, Johnston SK, Singleton KW, Jackson PR, Hawkins-Daarud A, Bendok BR, Porter AB, Vora S, Sarkaria JN, Hu LS, Mrugala MM, Swanson KR. Image-based metric of invasiveness predicts response to adjuvant temozolomide for primary glioblastoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230492. [PMID: 32218600 PMCID: PMC7100932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) has been the standard-of-care chemotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) patients for more than a decade. Despite this long time in use, significant questions remain regarding how best to optimize TMZ therapy for individual patients. Understanding the relationship between TMZ response and factors such as number of adjuvant TMZ cycles, patient age, patient sex, and image–based tumor features, might help predict which GBM patients would benefit most from TMZ, particularly for those whose tumors lack O6–methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation. Methods and findings Using a cohort of 90 newly–diagnosed GBM patients treated according to the standard of care, we examined the relationships between several patient and tumor characteristics and volumetric and survival outcomes during adjuvant chemotherapy. Volumetric changes in MR imaging abnormalities during adjuvant therapy were used to assess TMZ response. T1Gd volumetric response is associated with younger patient age, increased number of TMZ cycles, longer time to nadir volume, and decreased tumor invasiveness. Moreover, increased adjuvant TMZ cycles corresponded with improved volumetric response only among more nodular tumors, and this volumetric response was associated with improved survival outcomes. Finally, in a subcohort of patients with known MGMT methylation status, methylated tumors were more diffusely invasive than unmethylated tumors, suggesting the improved response in nodular tumors is not driven by a preponderance of MGMT methylated tumors. Conclusions Our finding that less diffusely invasive tumors are associated with greater volumetric response to TMZ suggests patients with these tumors may benefit from additional adjuvant TMZ cycles, even for those without MGMT methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Christine Massey
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Haylye White
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Paula Whitmire
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tatum Doyle
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sandra K. Johnston
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kyle W. Singleton
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Pamela R. Jackson
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Andrea Hawkins-Daarud
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Bernard R. Bendok
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)/Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Neurosurgery Simulation and Innovation Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Alyx B. Porter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sujay Vora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Leland S. Hu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Maciej M. Mrugala
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kristin R. Swanson
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Laboratory, Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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183
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Sexual hormones regulate the redox status and mitochondrial function in the brain. Pathological implications. Redox Biol 2020; 31:101505. [PMID: 32201220 PMCID: PMC7212485 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other organs, the brain is especially exposed to oxidative stress. In general, brains from young females tend to present lower oxidative damage in comparison to their male counterparts. This has been attributed to higher antioxidant defenses and a better mitochondrial function in females, which has been linked to neuroprotection in this group. However, these differences usually disappear with aging, and the incidence of brain pathologies increases in aged females. Sexual hormones, which suffer a decrease with normal aging, have been proposed as the key factors involved in these gender differences. Here, we provide an overview of redox status and mitochondrial function regulation by sexual hormones and their influence in normal brain aging. Furthermore, we discuss how sexual hormones, as well as phytoestrogens, may play an important role in the development and progression of several brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, stroke or brain cancer. Sex hormones are reduced with aging, especially in females, affecting redox balance. Normal aging is associated to a worse redox homeostasis in the brain. Young females show better mitochondrial function and higher antioxidant defenses. Development of brain pathologies is influenced by sex hormones and phytoestrogens.
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184
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Nesterova DS, Midya V, Zacharia BE, Proctor EA, Lee SY, Stetson LC, Lathia JD, Rubin JB, Waite KA, Berens ME, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Connor JR. Sexually dimorphic impact of the iron-regulating gene, HFE, on survival in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa001. [PMID: 32642673 PMCID: PMC7212901 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The median survival for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, has remained approximately 1 year for more than 2 decades. Recent advances in the field have identified GBM as a sexually dimorphic disease. It is less prevalent in females and they have better survival compared to males. The molecular mechanism of this difference has not yet been established. Iron is essential for many biological processes supporting tumor growth and its regulation is impacted by sex. Therefore, we interrogated the expression of a key component of cellular iron regulation, the HFE (homeostatic iron regulatory) gene, on sexually dimorphic survival in GBM. Methods We analyzed TCGA microarray gene expression and clinical data of all primary GBM patients (IDH-wild type) to compare tumor mRNA expression of HFE with overall survival, stratified by sex. Results In low HFE expressing tumors (below median expression, n = 220), survival is modulated by both sex and MGMT status, with the combination of female sex and MGMT methylation resulting in over a 10-month survival advantage (P < .0001) over the other groups. Alternatively, expression of HFE above the median (high HFE, n = 240) is associated with significantly worse overall survival in GBM, regardless of MGMT methylation status or patient sex. Gene expression analysis uncovered a correlation between high HFE expression and expression of genes associated with immune function. Conclusions The level of HFE expression in GBM has a sexually dimorphic impact on survival. Whereas HFE expression below the median imparts a survival benefit to females, high HFE expression is associated with significantly worse overall survival regardless of established prognostic factors such as sex or MGMT methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya S Nesterova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vishal Midya
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brad E Zacharia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sang Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsay C Stetson
- Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristin A Waite
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Population Health and Quantitative Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Population Health and Quantitative Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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185
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Johansen ML, Stetson LC, Vadmal V, Waite K, Berens ME, Connor JR, Lathia J, Rubin JB, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Gliomas display distinct sex-based differential methylation patterns based on molecular subtype. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa002. [PMID: 32642674 PMCID: PMC7212920 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and one of many cancers where males are diagnosed with greater frequency than females. However, little is known about the sex-based molecular differences in glioblastomas (GBMs) or lower grade glioma (non-GBM) subtypes. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in regulating gene transcription. In glioma and other cancers, hypermethylation of specific gene promoters downregulates transcription and may have a profound effect on patient outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex-based methylation differences exist in different glioma subtypes. Methods Molecular and clinical data from glioma patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and grouped according to tumor grade and molecular subtype (IDH1/2 mutation and 1p/19q chromosomal deletion). Sex-specific differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were identified in each subtype and further analyzed to determine if they were part of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) or associated with differentially methylated DNA transcription regulatory binding motifs. Results Analysis of methylation data in 4 glioma subtypes revealed unique sets of both sex-specific DMPs and DMRs in each subtype. Motif analysis based on DMP position also identified distinct sex-based sets of DNA-binding motifs that varied according to glioma subtype. Downstream targets of 2 of the GBM-specific transcription binding sites, NFAT5 and KLF6, showed differential gene expression consistent with increased methylation mediating downregulation. Conclusion DNA methylation differences between males and females in 4 glioma molecular subtypes suggest an important, sex-specific role for DNA methylation in epigenetic regulation of gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette L Johansen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L C Stetson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vachan Vadmal
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristin Waite
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wu AH, Wu J, Tseng C, Yang J, Shariff-Marco S, Fruin S, Larson T, Setiawan VW, Masri S, Porcel J, Jain J, Chen TC, Stram DO, Marchand LL, Ritz B, Cheng I. Association Between Outdoor Air Pollution and Risk of Malignant and Benign Brain Tumors: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkz107. [PMID: 32211584 PMCID: PMC7083235 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are increasing concerns about the potential impact of air pollution on chronic brain inflammation and microglia cell activation, but evidence of its carcinogenic effects is limited. Methods We used kriging interpolation and land use regression models to estimate long-term air pollutant exposures of oxides of nitrogen (NOx, NO2), kriging interpolation for ozone (O3), carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), and nearest monitoring station measurements for benzene for 103 308 men and women from the Multiethnic Cohort, residing largely in Los Angeles County from recruitment (1993–1996) through 2013. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the associations between time-varying pollutants and risk of malignant brain cancer (94 men, 116 women) and meningioma (130 men, 425 women) with adjustment for sex, race and ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status, smoking, occupation, and other covariates. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex and race and ethnicity. Results Brain cancer risk in men increased in association with exposure to benzene (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55 to 7.55) and PM10 (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.00 to 3.23). Stronger associations with PM10 (HR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.26 to 7.23), O3 (HR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.09 to 7.88), and benzene (HR = 4.06, 95% CI = 1.17 to 18.2) were observed among Latino men. Air pollution was unrelated to risk of meningioma except that O3 exposure was associated with risk in men (HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.02 to 3.06). Brain cancer risk in women was unrelated to air pollution exposures. Conclusions Confirmation of these sex differences in air pollution–brain cancer associations and the stronger findings in Latino men in additional diverse populations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Anteater Instruction & Research Bldg (AIRB) # 2034, 653 East Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA 92697-3957, USA
| | - Chiuchen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 550 16th Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 550 16th Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Scott Fruin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Timothy Larson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 269 Wilcox Hall Box352700, School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Veronica W Setiawan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shahir Masri
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Anteater Instruction & Research Bldg (AIRB) # 2034, 653 East Peltason Drive, Irvine, CA 92697-3957, USA
| | - Jacqueline Porcel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jennifer Jain
- Frontdoor Inc, 150 Peabody Place, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, GNH 3300, Mail code, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9314, USA
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Rm 4443, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street. Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, 550 16th Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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187
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Galea LAM, Choleris E, Albert AYK, McCarthy MM, Sohrabji F. The promises and pitfalls of sex difference research. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 56:100817. [PMID: 31837339 PMCID: PMC7050281 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Funding agencies in North America and Europe are recognizing the importance of the integration of sex differences into basic and clinical research. Although these mandates are in place to improve our knowledge of health for both men and women, there have been a number of implementation issues that require vigilance on the part of funders and the research community. Here we discuss issues on simple inclusion of both sexes in studies to specialisation of sex differences with attention paid to statistics and the need for sex-specific treatments. We suggest differing mandates need to be considered regarding simple integration versus the need for studies in the specialisation of sex differences and/or the need for research that recognises the importance of male-specific or female-specific factors that influence subsequent health such as menstruation, menopause or pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa A M Galea
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Arianne Y K Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margaret M McCarthy
- James and Carolyn Frenkil Dean's Professor and Chair, Dept of Pharmacology, Univ of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M HSC College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
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188
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Asad AS, Nicola Candia AJ, Gonzalez N, Zuccato CF, Abt A, Orrillo SJ, Lastra Y, De Simone E, Boutillon F, Goffin V, Seilicovich A, Pisera DA, Ferraris MJ, Candolfi M. Prolactin and its receptor as therapeutic targets in glioblastoma multiforme. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19578. [PMID: 31862900 PMCID: PMC6925187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been detected in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), their role in its pathogenesis remains unclear. Our aim was to explore their contribution in GBM pathogenesis. We detected PRL and PRLR in all GBM cell lines tested. PRLR activation or overexpression using plasmid transfection increased proliferation, viability, clonogenicity, chemoresistance and matrix metalloproteinase activity in GBM cells, while PRLR antagonist ∆1–9-G129R-hPRL reduced their proliferation, viability, chemoresistance and migration. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data indicated that PRLR was expressed in all grade II-III glioma (GII-III) and GBM samples. PRL was upregulated in GBM biopsies when compared to GII-III. While in the general population tumour PRL/PRLR expression did not correlate with patient survival, biological sex-stratified analyses revealed that male patients with PRL+/PRLRHIGH GBM performed worse than PRL+/PRLRLOW GBM. In contrast, all male PRL+/PRLRHIGH GII-III patients were alive whereas only 30% of PRL+/PRLRLOW GII-III patients survived after 100 months. Our study suggests that PRLR may be involved in GBM pathogenesis and could constitute a therapeutic target for its treatment. Our findings also support the notion that sexual dimorphism should be taken into account to improve the care of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Sofía Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Javier Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Camila Florencia Zuccato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli Abt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Jordi Orrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yael Lastra
- Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio De Simone
- Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Boutillon
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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189
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Utility of copy number variants in the classification of intracranial ependymoma. Cancer Genet 2019; 240:66-72. [PMID: 31794935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ependymomas are neuroepithelial tumors that differentiate along the ependymal cell lineage, a lining of the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. They are rare in adults, but account for around 9% of brain tumors in children, where they usually have an aggressive course. Efficient stratification could lead to improved care but remains a challenge even in the genomic era. Recent studies proposed a multivariate classification system based on tumor location, age, and broad genomic findings like global patterns of methylation and copy number variants (CNVs). This system shows improved prognostic utility, but is relatively impractical in the routine clinical setting because it necessitates multiple diagnostic tests. We analyzed 13 intracranial grade II and III ependymoma specimens on a DNA microarray to identify discrete CNVs that could support the existing classification. The loss of chr22 and the gain of 5p15.31 were common throughout our cohort (6 and 11 cases, respectively). Other CNVs correlated well with the previously proposed classification system. For example, gains of chr20 were unique to PF-EPN-B tumors of the posterior fossa and may differentiate them from PF-EPN-A. Given the ease of detecting CNVs using multiple, clinically validated methods, these CNVs should be further studied to confirm their diagnostic and prognostic utility, for incorporation into clinical testing algorithms.
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190
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Wilson MA, Buetow KH. Novel Mechanisms of Cancer Emerge When Accounting for Sex as a Biological Variable. Cancer Res 2019; 80:27-29. [PMID: 31722998 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a large gap between the aspiration of considering sex as biological variable and the execution of such studies, particularly in genomic studies of human cancer. This represents a lost opportunity to identify sex-specific molecular etiologies that may underpin the dramatic sex differences in cancer incidence and outcome. There are conceptual and practical challenges associated with considering sex as a biological variable, including the definition of sex itself and the need for novel study designs. A better understanding of cancer mechanisms, resulting in improved outcomes, will reward the effort invested in incorporating sex as a biological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. .,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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191
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Salvucci M, Zakaria Z, Carberry S, Tivnan A, Seifert V, Kögel D, Murphy BM, Prehn JHM. System-based approaches as prognostic tools for glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1092. [PMID: 31718568 PMCID: PMC6852738 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer. Understanding this process holistically and overcoming apoptosis resistance is a goal of many research teams in order to develop better treatment options for cancer patients. Efforts are also ongoing to personalize the treatment of patients. Strategies to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of current treatments or indeed to identify potential novel additional options would be extremely beneficial to both clinicians and patients. In the past few years, system medicine approaches have been developed that model the biochemical pathways of apoptosis. These systems tools incorporate and analyse the complex biological networks involved. For their successful integration into clinical practice, it is mandatory to integrate systems approaches with routine clinical and histopathological practice to deliver personalized care for patients. RESULTS We review here the development of system medicine approaches that model apoptosis for the treatment of cancer with a specific emphasis on the aggressive brain cancer, glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the current understanding in the field and present new approaches that highlight the potential of system medicine approaches to influence how glioblastoma is diagnosed and treated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Salvucci
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zaitun Zakaria
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steven Carberry
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amanda Tivnan
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Volker Seifert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brona M. Murphy
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H. M. Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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192
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Abstract
As a cancer predisposition syndrome, individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are at increased risk for the development of both benign and malignant tumors. One of the most common locations for these cancers is the central nervous system, where low-grade gliomas predominate in children. During early childhood, gliomas affecting the optic pathway are most frequently encountered, whereas gliomas of the brainstem and other locations are observed in slightly older children. In contrast, the majority of gliomas arising in adults with NF1 are malignant cancers, typically glioblastoma, involving the cerebral hemispheres. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of NF1-associated gliomas has been significantly advanced through the use of genetically engineered mice, yielding new targets for therapeutic drug design and evaluation. In addition, Nf1 murine glioma models have served as instructive platforms for defining the cell of origin of these tumors, elucidating the critical role of the tumor microenvironment in determining tumor growth and vision loss, and determining how cancer risk factors (sex, germline NF1 mutation) impact on glioma formation and progression. Moreover, these preclinical models have permitted early phase analysis of promising drugs that reduce tumor growth and attenuate vision loss, as an initial step prior to translation to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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193
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Matteoni S, Abbruzzese C, Villani V, Malorni W, Pace A, Matarrese P, Paggi MG. The influence of patient sex on clinical approaches to malignant glioma. Cancer Lett 2019; 468:41-47. [PMID: 31605777 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are tumors that originate from the glial tissue, thus involving the central nervous system with varying degrees of malignancy. The most aggressive and frequent form is glioblastoma multiforme, a disease characterized by resistance to therapies, frequent recurrences, and extremely poor median survival time. Data on overall glioma case studies demonstrate clear sex disparities regarding incidence, prognosis, drug toxicity, clinical outcome, and, recently, prediction of therapeutic response. In this study, we analyze data in the literature regarding malignant glioma, mainly glioblastoma multiforme, focusing on epidemiological and clinical evaluations. Less discussed issues, such as the role of viral infections, energy metabolism, and predictive aspects concerning the possible use of dedicated therapeutic approaches for male or female patients, will be reported together with different estimated pathogenetic mechanisms underlying astrocyte transformation and glioma chemosensitivity. In this era, where personalized/precision medicine is the most important driver for targeted cancer therapies, the lines of evidence discussed herein strongly suggest that clinical approaches to malignant glioma should consider the patient's sex. Furthermore, retrospectively revising previous clinical studies considering patient sex as a crucial variable is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Matteoni
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Villani
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy; University of Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco G Paggi
- IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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194
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Roux A, Roca P, Edjlali M, Sato K, Zanello M, Dezamis E, Gori P, Lion S, Fleury A, Dhermain F, Meder JF, Chrétien F, Lechapt E, Varlet P, Oppenheim C, Pallud J. MRI Atlas of IDH Wild-Type Supratentorial Glioblastoma: Probabilistic Maps of Phenotype, Management, and Outcomes. Radiology 2019; 293:633-643. [PMID: 31592732 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019190491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor location is a main prognostic parameter in patients with glioblastoma. Probabilistic MRI-based brain atlases specifying the probability of tumor location associated with important demographic, clinical, histomolecular, and management data are lacking for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastomas. Purpose To correlate glioblastoma location with clinical phenotype, surgical management, and outcomes by using a probabilistic analysis in a three-dimensional (3D) MRI-based atlas. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included all adults surgically treated for newly diagnosed IDH wild-type supratentorial glioblastoma in a tertiary adult surgical neuro-oncology center (2006-2016). Semiautomated tumor segmentation and spatial normalization procedures to build a 3D MRI-based atlas were validated. The authors performed probabilistic analyses by using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping technology. The Liebermeister test was used for binary data, and the generalized linear model was used for continuous data. Results A total of 392 patients (mean age, 61 years ± 13; 233 men) were evaluated. The authors identified the preferential location of glioblastomas according to subventricular zone, age, sex, clinical presentation, revised Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-Recursive Partitioning Analysis class, Karnofsky performance status, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status, surgical management, and survival. The superficial location distant from the eloquent area was more likely associated with a preserved functional status at diagnosis (348 of 392 patients [89%], P < .05), a large surgical resection (173 of 392 patients [44%], P < .05), and prolonged overall survival (163 of 334 patients [49%], P < .05). In contrast, deep location and location within eloquent brain areas were more likely associated with an impaired functional status at diagnosis (44 of 392 patients [11%], P < .05), a neurologic deficit (282 of 392 patients [72%], P < .05), treatment with biopsy only (183 of 392 patients [47%], P < .05), and shortened overall survival (171 of 334 patients [51%], P < .05). Conclusion The authors identified the preferential location of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastomas according to parameters of interest and provided an image-based integration of multimodal information impacting survival results. This suggests the role of glioblastoma location as a surrogate and multimodal parameter integrating several known prognostic factors. © RSNA, 2019 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Huang in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Roux
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Pauline Roca
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Myriam Edjlali
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Kanako Sato
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Marc Zanello
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Edouard Dezamis
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Pietro Gori
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Stéphanie Lion
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Ariane Fleury
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Frédéric Dhermain
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Jean-François Meder
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Emmanuèle Lechapt
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Pascale Varlet
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
| | - Johan Pallud
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (A.R., M.Z., E.D., J.P.); Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., M.Z., J.F.M., F.C., E.L., P.V., C.O., J.P.); UMR 1266 INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France (A.R., P.R., M.E., K.S., M.Z., P.G., S.L., A.F., J.F.M., P.V., C.O., J.P.); Department of Neuroradiology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (M.E., J.F.M., C.O.); Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.); LTCI, Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy University Hospital, Villejuif, France (F.D.); and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France (F.C., E.L., P.V.)
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Lin HY, Ko CY, Kao TJ, Yang WB, Tsai YT, Chuang JY, Hu SL, Yang PY, Lo WL, Hsu TI. CYP17A1 Maintains the Survival of Glioblastomas by Regulating SAR1-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Health and Redox Homeostasis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091378. [PMID: 31527549 PMCID: PMC6770831 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 17A1 is an important steroidogenic enzyme harboring 17α-hydroxylase and performing 17,20 lyase activities in multiple steps of steroid hormone synthesis, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) biosynthesis. Previously, we showed that CYP17A1-mediated DHEA production clearly protects glioblastomas from temozolomide-induced apoptosis, leading to drug resistance. Herein, we attempt to clarify whether the inhibition of CYP17A1 has a tumor-suppressive effect, and to determine the steroidogenesis-independent functions of CYP17A1 in glioblastomas. Abiraterone, an inhibitor of CYP17A1, significantly inhibits the proliferation of A172, T98G, and PT#3 (the primary glioblastoma cells) by inducing apoptosis. In parallel, abiraterone potently suppresses tumor growth in mouse models through transplantation of PT#3 cells to the back or to the brain. Based on evidence that abiraterone induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, followed by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), CYP17A1 is important for ER health and redox homeostasis. To confirm our hypothesis, we showed that CYP17A1 overexpression prevents the initiation of ER stress and attenuates ROS production by regulating SAR1a/b expression. Abiraterone dissociates SAR1a/b from ER-localized CYP17A1, and induces SAR1a/b ubiquitination, leading to degradation. Furthermore, SAR1 overexpression rescues abiraterone-induced apoptosis and impairs redox homeostasis. In addition to steroid hormone synthesis, CYP17A1 associates with SAR1a/b to regulate protein processing and maintain ER health in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Yuan Ko
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Jen Kao
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Siou-Lian Hu
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lun Lo
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Malignant Transformation of Molecularly Classified Adult Low-Grade Glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:1106-1112. [PMID: 31461674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant transformation (MT) of adult grade 2 glioma (low-grade glioma [LGG]) is associated with adverse survival. We sought to describe the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors for MT of molecularly classified LGG. METHODS AND MATERIALS We reviewed a single-institutional database of adults who received a diagnosis of LGG with data allowing for molecular classification from 1980 to 2018 to evaluate time to MT and its associated risk factors. MT was defined as pathologic confirmation of grade 3-4 glioma and/or imaging characteristics consistent with MT by multidisciplinary consensus. RESULTS Among the included 486 adults with molecularly classified LGG, median age was 39 years (range, 18-78), median tumor size was 3.9 cm (range, 0.3-13.0), and 262 (54%) were male. Molecular classification was IDHmut1p/19qcodel in 169 (35%), IDHmut1p/19qintact in 125 (26%), and IDHwt in 192 (40%) patients. Adjuvant management was observation in 246 (51%) patients, temozolomide alone in 82 (16%), radiation therapy alone in 63 (13%), and radiation therapy concurrent with temozolomide in 81 (17%). Temozolomide monotherapy was more likely to be given to IDHmut1p/19qcodel patients (P < .001). Median follow-up was 5.3 years. MT occurred in 84 (17%) patients, with a 5-year freedom from MT of 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82%-90%). Median overall survival after MT was 2.4 years (95% CI, 1.5-3.3) and was associated with molecular classification (P = .03) and grade at MT (P < .001). Factors associated with MT were male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.6; P = .009), tumor size ≥5 cm (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.0-6.2; P < .001), IDHmut1p/19qintact (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.6; P = .009) or IDHwt classification (HR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.5-11.8; P < .001), and adjuvant temozolomide monotherapy (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.4-10.3; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS MT of LGG has a poor prognosis associated with unfavorable molecular groups. Analysis of our large cohort identified adjuvant temozolomide monotherapy as the only modifiable risk factor for MT and provides the first clinical evidence of temozolomide-associated MT among molecularly classified adult LGG. This novel finding supplements our understanding of temozolomide-induced hypermutation and informs precision management of LGG.
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Clinical impact of circulating oncogenic MiRNA-221 and MiRNA-222 in glioblastoma multiform. J Neurooncol 2019; 144:545-551. [PMID: 31422498 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Glioblastoma multiform (GBM); most fatal brain cancer, is incurable with molecular diversity hence identification of molecular targets that contribute to GBM tumorgenesis will be suitable for the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies. Micro-RNAs (miR); small RNA molecules, are stable in blood and play a crucial role in molecular processes in GBM. Thus it was aimed to investigate the clinical role of miR-221 and miR-222 among GBM cases as compared to healthy individuals and illustrate their role in patient's survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were withdrawn from 20 GBM cases before and after treatment, a group of 20 healthy individuals were served as control. For all enrolled samples expression of miR-221 and miR-222 were detected using quantitative PCR (QPCR). Sensitivities, specificities of investigated miRs and their relation with GBM clinical characteristics and patient's outcome were analyzed using Kaplan Meir curve. RESULTS Expression of investigated miR- 221 and -222 were significantly increased in GBM cases as compared to healthy individuals (F = 12.9, at P < 0.001, F = 28.78, at P < 0.0001, respectively) and with absolute specificity for both and 90% sensitivity for miR-221 and 85% for miR-222. Among GBM patients (n = 20), mean expression level miR-221 reported significant increase with elder GBM ( > 60 years) at F = 5.7, P = 0.028, while both miR-221 and -222 showed significant difference in performance status (ECGO) at P = 0.036 and 0.007, patients with primary lesion at P = 0.001 and 0.005, surgically treatment strategy at P < 0.001 and 0.004, respectively. Patients were grouped according to their outcomes into response (complete [CR] or partial [PR]), stable disease[SD] and progressive disease [PD], miR-221 and miR-222 showed increase expression with PD and patients with worse PFS and OS were those with high miRs expression. CONCLUSION Detection of circulating miR-221 and miR-222 may be used as circulating molecular marker for diagnosis and prediction of outcome for patients with GBM. Further studies with large cohort of samples are encouraged.
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Yue Z, Willey CD, Hjelmeland AB, Chen JY. BEERE: a web server for biomedical entity expansion, ranking and explorations. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:W578-W586. [PMID: 31114876 PMCID: PMC6602520 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BEERE (Biomedical Entity Expansion, Ranking and Explorations) is a new web-based data analysis tool to help biomedical researchers characterize any input list of genes/proteins, biomedical terms or their combinations, i.e. ‘biomedical entities’, in the context of existing literature. Specifically, BEERE first aims to help users examine the credibility of known entity-to-entity associative or semantic relationships supported by database or literature references from the user input of a gene/term list. Then, it will help users uncover the relative importance of each entity—a gene or a term—within the user input by computing the ranking scores of all entities. At last, it will help users hypothesize new gene functions or genotype–phenotype associations by an interactive visual interface of constructed global entity relationship network. The output from BEERE includes: a list of the original entities matched with known relationships in databases; any expanded entities that may be generated from the analysis; the ranks and ranking scores reported with statistical significance for each entity; and an interactive graphical display of the gene or term network within data provenance annotations that link to external data sources. The web server is free and open to all users with no login requirement and can be accessed at http://discovery.informatics.uab.edu/beere/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Yue
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Informatics Institute, School of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Choi Y, Ahn KJ, Nam Y, Jang J, Shin NY, Choi HS, Jung SL, Kim BS. Analysis of peritumoral hyperintensity on pre-operative T2-weighted MR images in glioblastoma: Additive prognostic value of Minkowski functionals. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217785. [PMID: 31150499 PMCID: PMC6544273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The extent of peritumoral tumor cell infiltrations in glioblastoma contributes to poor prognosis. We aimed to assess additive prognostic value of Minkowski functionals in analyzing heterogeneity of peritumoral hyperintensity on T2WI in glioblastoma patients. Methods Clinical data (age, sex, extent of surgical resection), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status and pre-operative T2WI of 113 pathologically confirmed glioblastoma patients (from our institution, n = 61; from the Cancer Imaging Archive, n = 52) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were randomly grouped into a training set (n = 80) and a test set (n = 33). Peritumoral T2 hyperintensity was manually segmented and Minkowski functionals—a texture analysis method capturing heterogeneity of MR images—were computed as a function of 11 grayscale thresholds. The Cox proportional hazards models were fitted with clinical variables, Minkowski functionals features as well as both combined. The risk prediction performances of the Minkowski functionals and combined models were validated on a separate test dataset. The sex-specific survival difference of the entire cohort was analyzed according to MGMT methylation status via Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results Thirty-three Minkowski features (11 area, 11 perimeter and 11 genus) for each patient were acquired giving a total of 3729 features. Cox regression models fitted with clinical data, Minkowski features, and both combined had incremental concordance indices of 0.577 (P = 0.02), 0.706 (P = 0.02) and 0.714 (P = 0.01) respectively. The prediction error rate of the combined model—having clinical and Minkowski features—was lower than that of Minkowski functionals model (0.135 and 0.161, respectively) when validated on a test dataset. No sex-specific survival difference was found according to MGMT methylation status (male, P = 0.2; female, P = 0.22). Conclusions Minkowski functionals features computed from peritumoral hyperintensity can capture heterogeneity of glioblastoma on T2WI and have additive prognostic value in predicting survival, demonstrating their potential in complementing currently available prognostic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsean Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kook Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoonho Nam
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Jang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Young Shin
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Lyung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum-soo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhou Q, Wang T, Leng L, Zheng W, Huang J, Fang F, Yang L, Chen F, Lin G, Wang WJ, Kristiansen K. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals distinct dynamic behavior of sex chromosomes during early human embryogenesis. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:871-882. [PMID: 31094050 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several animal and human studies have demonstrated that sex affects kinetics and metabolism during early embryo development. However, the mechanism governing these differences at the molecular level before the expression of the sex-determining gene SRY is unknown. We performed a systematic profiling of gene expression comparing male and female embryos using available single-cell RNA-sequencing data of 1607 individual cells from 99 human preimplantation embryos, covering development stages from 4-cell to late blastocyst. We observed consistent chromosome-wide transcription of autosomes, whereas expression from sex chromosomes exhibits significant differences after embryonic genome activation (EGA). Activation of the Y chromosome is initiated by expression of two genes, RPS4Y1 and DDX3Y, whereas the X chromosome is widely activated, with both copies in females being activated after EGA. In contrast to the stable activation of the Y chromosome, expression of X-linked genes in females declines at the late blastocyst stage, especially in trophectoderm cells, revealing a rapid process of dosage compensation. This dynamic behavior results in a dosage imbalance between male and female embryos, which influences genes involved in cell cycle, protein translation and metabolism. Our results reveal the dynamics of sex chromosomes expression and silencing during early embryogenesis. Studying sex differences during human embryogenesis, as well as understanding the process of X chromosome inactivation and their effects on the sex bias development of in vitro fertilized embryos, will expand the capabilities of assisted reproductive technology and possibly improve the treatment of infertility and enhance reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Taifu Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizhi Leng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cells Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Jinrong Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cells Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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