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Sisley SR, Arble DM, Chambers AP, Gutierrez-Aguilar R, He Y, Xu Y, Gardner D, Moore DD, Seeley RJ, Sandoval DA. Hypothalamic Vitamin D Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Reduces Weight. Diabetes 2016; 65:2732-41. [PMID: 27217488 PMCID: PMC5001188 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite clear associations between vitamin D deficiency and obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, a causal relationship is not established. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are found within multiple tissues, including the brain. Given the importance of the brain in controlling both glucose levels and body weight, we hypothesized that activation of central VDR links vitamin D to the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis. Indeed, we found that small doses of active vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) (calcitriol), into the third ventricle of the brain improved glucose tolerance and markedly increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, an effect that is dependent upon VDR within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, chronic central administration of 1,25D3 dramatically decreased body weight by lowering food intake in obese rodents. Our data indicate that 1,25D3-mediated changes in food intake occur through action within the arcuate nucleus. We found that VDR colocalized with and activated key appetite-regulating neurons in the arcuate, namely proopiomelanocortin neurons. Together, these findings define a novel pathway for vitamin D regulation of metabolism with unique and divergent roles for central nervous system VDR signaling. Specifically, our data suggest that vitamin D regulates glucose homeostasis via the paraventricular nuclei and energy homeostasis via the arcuate nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Sisley
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Deanna M Arble
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Adam P Chambers
- Department of Incretin and Obesity Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Ruth Gutierrez-Aguilar
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David Gardner
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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152
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Basson A, Trotter A, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2016; 7:290. [PMID: 27531998 PMCID: PMC4970383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reviews have discussed gut microbiota composition changes during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease (CD). However, most studies address the observed effects by focusing on studying the univariate connection between disease and dietary-induced alterations to gut microbiota composition. The possibility that these effects may reflect a number of other interconnected (i.e., pantropic) mechanisms, activated in parallel, particularly concerning various bacterial metabolites, is in the process of being elucidated. Progress seems, however, hampered by various difficult-to-study factors interacting at the mucosal level. Here, we highlight some of such factors that merit consideration, namely: (1) the contribution of host genetics and diet in altering gut microbiome, and in turn, the crosstalk among secondary metabolic pathways; (2) the interdependence between the amount of dietary fat, the fatty acid composition, the effects of timing and route of administration on gut microbiota community, and the impact of microbiota-derived fatty acids; (3) the effect of diet on bile acid composition, and the modulator role of bile acids on the gut microbiota; (4) the impact of endogenous and exogenous intestinal micronutrients and metabolites; and (5) the need to consider food associated toxins and chemicals, which can introduce confounding immune modulating elements (e.g., antioxidant and phytochemicals in oils and proteins). These concepts, which are not mutually exclusive, are herein illustrated paying special emphasis on physiologically inter-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Basson
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Ashley Trotter
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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153
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Dawidowska M, Kosmalska M, Sędek Ł, Szczepankiewicz A, Twardoch M, Sonsala A, Szarzyńska-Zawadzka B, Derwich K, Lejman M, Pawelec K, Obitko-Płudowska A, Pawińska-Wąsikowska K, Kwiecińska K, Kołtan A, Dyla A, Grzeszczak W, Kowalczyk JR, Szczepański T, Ziętkiewicz E, Witt M. Association of germline genetic variants in RFC, IL15 and VDR genes with minimal residual disease in pediatric B-cell precursor ALL. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29427. [PMID: 27427275 PMCID: PMC4947903 DOI: 10.1038/srep29427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) enables reliable assessment of risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, little is known on association between MRD status and germline genetic variation. We examined 159 Caucasian (Slavic) patients with pediatric ALL, treated according to ALL-IC-BFM 2002/2009 protocols, in search for association between 23 germline polymorphisms and MRD status at day 15, day 33 and week 12, with adjustment for MRD-associated clinical covariates. Three variants were significantly associated with MRD: rs1544410 in VDR (MRD-day15); rs1051266 in RFC (MRD-day33, MRD-week12), independently and in an additive effect with rs10519613 in IL15 (MRD-day33). The risk alleles for MRD-positivity were: A allele of VDR (OR = 2.37, 95%CI = 1.07–5.21, P = 0.03, MRD-day15); A of RFC (OR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.05–3.52, P = 0.03, MRD-day33 and MRD-week12, P < 0.01); A of IL15 (OR = 2.30, 95%CI = 1.02–5.18, P = 0.04, MRD-day33). The risk for MRD-day33-positive status was higher in patients with risk alleles in both RFC and IL15 loci than in patients with risk alleles in one locus or no risk alleles: 2 vs. 1 (OR = 3.94, 95% CI = 1.28–12.11, P = 0.024), 2 vs. 0 (OR = 6.75, 95% CI = 1.61–28.39, P = 0.012). Germline variation in genes related to pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of anti-leukemic drugs and to anti-tumor immunity of the host is associated with MRD status and might help improve risk assessment in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dawidowska
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Kosmalska
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Magdalena Twardoch
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Alicja Sonsala
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Derwich
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Lejman
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Cytogenetic Laboratory, Children's University Hospital, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawelec
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Kinga Kwiecińska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kołtan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dyla
- Department of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Hematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Władysław Grzeszczak
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jerzy R Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Cytogenetic Laboratory, Children's University Hospital, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziętkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Witt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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154
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Bikle DD, Jiang Y, Nguyen T, Oda Y, Tu CL. Disruption of Vitamin D and Calcium Signaling in Keratinocytes Predisposes to Skin Cancer. Front Physiol 2016; 7:296. [PMID: 27462278 PMCID: PMC4940389 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active metabolite of vitamin D, and calcium regulate epidermal differentiation. 1,25(OH)2D exerts its effects through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor in the nuclear hormone receptor family, whereas calcium acts through the calcium sensing receptor (Casr), a membrane bound member of the G protein coupled receptor family. We have developed mouse models in which the Vdr and Casr have been deleted in the epidermis (epidVdr−∕− and epidCasr−∕−). Both genotypes show abnormalities in calcium induced epidermal differentiation in vivo and in vitro, associated with altered hedgehog (HH) and β–catenin signaling that when abnormally expressed lead to basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and trichofolliculomas, respectively. The Vdr−∕− mice are susceptible to tumor formation following UVB or chemical carcinogen exposure. More recently we found that the keratinocytes from these mice over express long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) oncogenes such as H19 and under express lncRNA tumor suppressors such as lincRNA-21. Spontaneous tumors have not been observed in either the epidVdr−∕− or epidCasr−∕−. But in mice with epidermal specific deletion of both Vdr and Casr (epidVdr−∕−/epidCasr−∕− [DKO]) tumor formation occurs spontaneously when the DKO mice are placed on a low calcium diet. These results demonstrate important interactions between vitamin D and calcium signaling through their respective receptors that lead to cancer when these signals are disrupted. The roles of the β–catenin, hedgehog, and lncRNA pathways in predisposing the epidermis to tumor formation when vitamin D and calcium signaling are disrupted will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thai Nguyen
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Oda
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
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155
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Hardiman G, Savage SJ, Hazard ES, Wilson RC, Courtney SM, Smith MT, Hollis BW, Halbert CH, Gattoni-Celli S. Systems analysis of the prostate transcriptome in African-American men compared with European-American men. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1129-1143. [PMID: 27359067 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM African-Americans (AA) have increased prostate cancer risk and a greater mortality rate than European-Americans (EA). AA exhibit a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. We examined the global prostate transcriptome in AA and EA, and the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation. PATIENTS & METHODS Twenty-seven male subjects (ten AA and 17 EA), slated to undergo prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Fourteen subjects received vitamin D3 (4000 IU daily) and 13 subjects received placebo for 2 months prior to surgery. RESULTS AA show higher expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammation. CONCLUSION Systems level analyses support the concept that Inflammatory processes may contribute to disease progression in AA. These transcripts can be modulated by a short course of vitamin D3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine & Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen J Savage
- Department of Urology.,Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Library Science and Informatics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sean M Courtney
- Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael T Smith
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sebastiano Gattoni-Celli
- Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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156
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Srikuea R, Hirunsai M. Effects of intramuscular administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 during skeletal muscle regeneration on regenerative capacity, muscular fibrosis, and angiogenesis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:1381-93. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01018.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in regenerating muscle raises the question regarding the action of vitamin D3 on skeletal muscle regeneration. To investigate the action of vitamin D3 on this process, the tibialis anterior muscle of male C57BL/6 mice (10 wk of age) was injected with 1.2% BaCl2 to induce extensive muscle injury. The bioactive form of vitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] was administered daily via intramuscular injections during the regenerative phase (days 4-7 postinjury). Physiological and supraphysiological doses of 1α,25(OH)2D3 relative to 1 μg/kg muscle wet weight and mouse body weight were investigated. Muscle samples were collected on day 8 postinjury to examine proteins related to vitamin D3 metabolism (VDR, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1), satellite cell differentiation and regenerative muscle fiber formation [myogenin and embryonic myosin heavy chain (EbMHC)], protein synthesis signaling (Akt, p70 S6K1, 4E-BP1, and myostatin), fiber-type composition (fast and slow MHCs), fibrous formation (vimentin), and angiogenesis (CD31). Administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 at physiological and supraphysiological doses enhanced VDR expression in regenerative muscle. Moreover, CYP24A1 and vimentin expression was increased, accompanying decreased myogenin and EbMHC expression at the supraphysiological dose. However, there was no change in CYP27B1, Akt, p70 S6K1, 4E-BP1, myostatin, fast and slow MHCs, or CD31 expression at any dose investigated. Taken together, administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 at a supraphysiological dose decreased satellite cell differentiation, delayed regenerative muscle fiber formation, and increased muscular fibrosis. However, protein synthesis signaling, fiber-type composition, and angiogenesis were not affected by either 1α,25(OH)2D3 administration at a physiological or supraphysiological dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchakrit Srikuea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok; and
| | - Muthita Hirunsai
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
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157
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Aly MG, Trojan K, Weimer R, Morath C, Opelz G, Tohamy MA, Daniel V. Low-dose oral cholecalciferol is associated with higher numbers of Helios(+) and total Tregs than oral calcitriol in renal allograft recipients: an observational study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:24. [PMID: 27296673 PMCID: PMC4906900 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a cornerstone of graft acceptance. High numbers of Tregs are associated with better long-term graft survival. Recently, Vitamin D was suggested as an immunomodulator, in addition to its classical role in calcium metabolism. Vitamin D modulates Tregs and might, thereby, promote graft acceptance and long-term graft survival. Methods One hundred twenty-three renal allograft recipients attending either Heidelberg nephrology or Giessen internal medicine clinic were enrolled in this cross- sectional study. Sixteen healthy controls were studied in addition. Sixty-nine patients were receiving no vitamin D, 38 calcitriol, and 16 cholecalciferol supplementations. We evaluated whether there was a difference in the absolute numbers of Helios+, Helios−, CTLA-4+, IFNg+, and total Tregs among the patient groups. Results Cholecalciferol supplementation was associated with higher absolute numbers of Helios+, CTLA-4+, and total Tregs than calcitriol (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.001 respectively). Helios+ Tregs were also higher in cholecalciferol than no vitamin D supplementation patients (p = 0.001), whereas CTLA-4+ and total Tregs were similar in both groups (p = NS). Helios+, Helios−, CTLA-4+, IFNg+, and total Tregs were similar in the cholecalciferol and healthy control groups (p = NS). Conclusion Our findings indicate that cholecalciferol, even when administered at low dosages, has a stabilizing effect on Tregs (particularly the Helios + subset), in contrast to calcitriol which showed neither a stabilizing nor a proliferation-inducing effect on the same cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa G Aly
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Karina Trojan
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Weimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, D-35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Opelz
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammed A Tohamy
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Volker Daniel
- Transplantation-Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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158
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Goswami R, Kaplan MH. Essential vitamins for an effective T cell response. World J Immunol 2016; 6:39-59. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v6.i1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective adaptive immune responses rely upon appropriate activation of T cells by antigenic peptide-major histocompatibility complex on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Activation relies on additional signals including co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of the APCs that promote T cell expansion. The immune response is further sculpted by the cytokine environment. However, T cells also respond to other environmental signals including hormones, neurotransmitters, and vitamins. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms through which vitamins A and D impact immune responses, particularly in the context of T cell responses.
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159
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Abstract
PTH and Vitamin D are two major regulators of mineral metabolism. They play critical roles in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis as well as the development and maintenance of bone health. PTH and Vitamin D form a tightly controlled feedback cycle, PTH being a major stimulator of vitamin D synthesis in the kidney while vitamin D exerts negative feedback on PTH secretion. The major function of PTH and major physiologic regulator is circulating ionized calcium. The effects of PTH on gut, kidney, and bone serve to maintain serum calcium within a tight range. PTH has a reciprocal effect on phosphate metabolism. In contrast, vitamin D has a stimulatory effect on both calcium and phosphate homeostasis, playing a key role in providing adequate mineral for normal bone formation. Both hormones act in concert with the more recently discovered FGF23 and klotho, hormones involved predominantly in phosphate metabolism, which also participate in this closely knit feedback circuit. Of great interest are recent studies demonstrating effects of both PTH and vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. Hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency have been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and kidney failure. Both hormones have direct effects on the endothelium, heart, and other vascular structures. How these effects of PTH and vitamin D interface with the regulation of bone formation are the subject of intense investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jalal Khundmiri
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eleanor Lederer
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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160
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Vitamin D interacts with Esr1 and Igf1 to regulate molecular pathways relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:22. [PMID: 26932723 PMCID: PMC4774101 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D supplementation against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although studies have shown improvements in cognitive performance and decreases in markers of the pathology after chronic treatment, the mechanisms by which vitamin D acts on brain cells are multiple and remain to be thoroughly studied. We analyzed the molecular changes observed after 5 months of vitamin D3 supplementation in the brains of transgenic 5xFAD (Tg) mice, a recognized mouse model of AD, and their wild type (Wt) littermates. We first performed a kinematic behavioural examination at 4, 6 and 8 months of age (M4, M6 and M8) followed by a histologic assessment of AD markers. We then performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of mRNA regulation in the neocortex and hippocampus of 9 months old (M9) female mice. Results Transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus and neocortex of both Wt and Tg mice at M9, following 5 months of vitamin D3 treatment, reveals a large panel of dysregulated pathways related to i) immune and inflammatory response, ii) neurotransmitter activity, iii) endothelial and vascular processes and iv) hormonal alterations. The differentially expressed genes are not all direct targets of the vitamin D-VDR pathway and it appears that vitamin D action engages in the crosstalk with estrogen and insulin signaling. The misexpression of the large number of genes observed in this study translates into improved learning and memory performance and a decrease in amyloid plaques and astrogliosis in Tg animals. Conclusions This study underlies the multiplicity of action of this potent neurosteroid in an aging and AD-like brain. The classical and non-classical actions of vitamin D3 can act in an additive and possibly synergistic manner to induce neuroprotective activities in a context-specific way. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0087-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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161
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Neela VSK, Devalraju KP, Pydi SS, Sunder SR, Adiraju KR, Singh SS, Anandaraj MPJS, Valluri VL. Mycobacterial r32-kDa antigen-specific T-cell responses correlate with successful treatment and a heightened anti-microbial response in human leprosy patients. Int Immunol 2016; 28:435-41. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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162
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Yamout B, Karaky NM, Mahfouz RAR, Jaber F, Estaitieh N, Shamaa D, Abbas F, Hoteit R, Daher RT. Vitamin D receptor biochemical and genetic profiling and HLA-class II genotyping among Lebanese with multiple sclerosis - A pilot study. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 293:59-64. [PMID: 27049563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease affecting mostly young adult females with multifactorial etiology. Recent studies suggested that adequate vitamin D levels may lower the risk of developing MS. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to explore the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism, HLA-DR locus genotype, and serum vitamins D and A levels in the Lebanese population. METHODS Fifty MS patients were recruited for this study. The control group consisted of 48 healthy and 51 patients with other neurological disorders (non-MS). Biochemical analysis included serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and vitamin A. Molecular analysis targeted VDR genotypes (ApaI, TaqI and BsmI) and low resolution HLA typing for DRB1 locus. RESULTS Healthy and non-MS groups had comparable parameters and were combined into one control group. No significant differences were found between MS and control groups for VDR genotypes. The frequency of HLA-DRB1*15 was significantly higher in MS patients (22%) compared to controls (8%) (p=0.018). Odds ratio for MS in the presence of DRB1*15 allele was 3.21 (p=0.018). Cosegregation with A (ApaI) and b (BsmI) alleles did not influence the risk for MS. 25OHD levels were significantly higher in MS patients compared to controls (p=0.002), due to more frequent oral supplementation (p=0.005). Vitamin A levels were comparable between the two groups. When all parameters were included in a logistic regression model adjusted for supplementation, only HLA-DRB1*15 (OR=3.42; p=0.027) contributed significantly to MS risk. CONCLUSION There was no association between serum vitamin D or A or VDR genotypes and MS. HLA-DRB1*15 was the major factor imposing more than 3 folds greater risk for developing MS among Lebanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Yamout
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie M Karaky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Rami A R Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Fadel Jaber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Nour Estaitieh
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Dina Shamaa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Fatmeh Abbas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Rouba Hoteit
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Rose T Daher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
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163
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Berge T, Leikfoss IS, Brorson IS, Bos SD, Page CM, Gustavsen MW, Bjølgerud A, Holmøy T, Celius EG, Damoiseaux J, Smolders J, Harbo HF, Spurkland A. The multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes TAGAP and IL2RA are regulated by vitamin D in CD4+ T cells. Genes Immun 2016; 17:118-27. [PMID: 26765264 PMCID: PMC4783434 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that develops in genetically susceptible individuals. The majority of the MS-associated gene variants are located in genetic regions with importance for T-cell differentiation. Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator, and vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to be associated with increased MS disease susceptibility and activity. In CD4+ T cells, we have analyzed in vitro vitamin D responsiveness of genes that contain an MS-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and with one or more vitamin D response elements in their regulatory regions. We identify IL2RA and TAGAP as novel vitamin D target genes. The vitamin D response is observed in samples from both MS patients and controls, and is not dependent on the genotype of MS-associated SNPs in the respective genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Berge
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I S Leikfoss
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I S Brorson
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S D Bos
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C M Page
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M W Gustavsen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Bjølgerud
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Holmøy
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - E G Celius
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Smolders
- Department of Neurology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H F Harbo
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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164
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Haussler MR, Whitfield GK, Haussler CA, Sabir MS, Khan Z, Sandoval R, Jurutka PW. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Klotho: A Tale of Two Renal Hormones Coming of Age. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 100:165-230. [PMID: 26827953 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is the renal metabolite of vitamin D that signals through binding to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). The ligand-receptor complex transcriptionally regulates genes encoding factors stimulating calcium and phosphate absorption plus bone remodeling, maintaining a skeleton with reduced risk of age-related osteoporotic fractures. 1,25D/VDR signaling exerts feedback control of Ca/PO4 via regulation of FGF23, klotho, and CYP24A1 to prevent age-related, ectopic calcification, fibrosis, and associated pathologies. Vitamin D also elicits xenobiotic detoxification, oxidative stress reduction, neuroprotective functions, antimicrobial defense, immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory/anticancer actions, and cardiovascular benefits. Many of the healthspan advantages conferred by 1,25D are promulgated by its induction of klotho, a renal hormone that is an anti-aging enzyme/coreceptor that protects against skin atrophy, osteopenia, hyperphosphatemia, endothelial dysfunction, cognitive defects, neurodegenerative disorders, and impaired hearing. In addition to the high-affinity 1,25D hormone, low-affinity nutritional VDR ligands including curcumin, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and anthocyanidins initiate VDR signaling, whereas the longevity principles resveratrol and SIRT1 potentiate VDR signaling. 1,25D exerts actions against neural excitotoxicity and induces serotonin mood elevation to support cognitive function and prosocial behavior. Together, 1,25D and klotho maintain the molecular signaling systems that promote growth (p21), development (Wnt), antioxidation (Nrf2/FOXO), and homeostasis (FGF23) in tissues crucial for normal physiology, while simultaneously guarding against malignancy and degeneration. Therefore, liganded-VDR modulates the expression of a "fountain of youth" array of genes, with the klotho target emerging as a major player in the facilitation of health span by delaying the chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
| | - G Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Carol A Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Marya S Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Zainab Khan
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Ruby Sandoval
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
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165
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Schedel M, Jia Y, Michel S, Takeda K, Domenico J, Joetham A, Ning F, Strand M, Han J, Wang M, Lucas JJ, Vogelberg C, Kabesch M, O'Connor BP, Gelfand EW. 1,25D3 prevents CD8(+)Tc2 skewing and asthma development through VDR binding changes to the Cyp11a1 promoter. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10213. [PMID: 26750596 PMCID: PMC4712703 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector CD8+ T cells convert from IFN-γ+ (Tc1) to IL-13+ (Tc2) cells in the presence of IL-4. Underlying regulatory mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we show that addition of 1,25D3, the active form of vitamin D3, during CD8+ T-cell differentiation prevents IL-4-induced conversion to IL-13-producers. Transfer of 1,25D3-treated CD8+ T cells into sensitized and challenged CD8+-deficient recipients fails to restore development of lung allergic responses. 1,25D3 alters vitamin D receptor (VDR) recruitment to the Cyp11a1 promoter in vitro and in vivo in the presence of IL-4. As a result, protein levels and enzymatic activity of CYP11A1, a steroidogenic enzyme regulating CD8+ T-cell conversion, are decreased. An epistatic effect between CYP11A1 and VDR polymorphisms may contribute to the predisposition to childhood asthma. These data identify a role for 1,25D3 in the molecular programming of CD8+ T-cell conversion to an IL-13-secreting phenotype through regulation of steroidogenesis, potentially governing asthma susceptibility. Type 2 CD8+ T cells (Tc2) play a role in the development of experimental asthma. Here the authors show that 1,25D3, the active form of vitamin D3, can prevent conversion of CD8+T cells to a Tc2 phenotype, reducing asthma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schedel
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Yi Jia
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Sven Michel
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Steinmetzstrasse 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katsuyuki Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Joanne Domenico
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Anthony Joetham
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Fangkun Ning
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Matthew Strand
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Junyan Han
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Meiqin Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Joseph J Lucas
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
| | - Christian Vogelberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Technical University, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kabesch
- University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, Steinmetzstrasse 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Brian P O'Connor
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.,Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado AMC, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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166
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JASTRZEBSKI Z, KORTAS J, KACZOR K, ANTOSIEWICZ J. Vitamin D Supplementation Causes a Decrease in Blood Cholesterol in Professional Rowers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 62:88-92. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew JASTRZEBSKI
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Health Promotion
| | - Jakub KORTAS
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Health Promotion
| | - Katarzyna KACZOR
- Medical University of Gdansk, Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise
| | - Jedrzej ANTOSIEWICZ
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Biochemistry
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167
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Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is a progressive depigmenting disorder characterized by loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. The etiopathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. Vitamin D has stimulatory effects on melanocytes and acts through its nuclear Vitamin D receptor (VDR) on target cells. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to declare the role of Vitamin D in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 30 vitiligo patients and 30 age, gender-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were withdrawn from the study subjects, and the serum 25(OH) D level was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Serum 25(OH) D levels were divided into: Normal or sufficient (≥30 ng/ml), insufficient (< 30-> 20ng/ml), and deficient (≤20 ng/ml) levels. Skin biopsies were obtained from the depigmented lesions and clinically normal skin of vitiligo patients and from the controls, and VDR gene expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Only 10 patients with vitiligo (33.3%) had sufficient serum 25(OH) D levels (≥30 ng/ml), 12 patients (40%) had insufficient levels, and 8 patients (26.7%) had deficient levels. On the other hand, most of the controls (96.7%) had sufficient levels. The mean serum 25(OH) D level in patients was significantly decreased compared to controls (P < 0.001). The VDR-mRNA expression was also significantly decreased in lesional and nonlesional skin of patients compared to controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency influences the extent of vitiligo and could contribute to the pathogenesis of vitiligo through its immunomodulatory role and its role in melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham William Doss
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz El-Rifaie
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Gohary
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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168
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Vitamin D as Supplemental Therapy for Pneumocystis Pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:1289-97. [PMID: 26666941 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02607-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and primaquine (PMQ) has been shown to be effective for therapy of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Since a high concentration of ATRA has significant adverse effects, the possibility that vitamin D can be used to replace ATRA for PCP therapy was investigated. C57BL/6 mice were immunosuppressed by depleting CD4(+) cells and infected with Pneumocystis murina 1 week after initiation of immunosuppression. Three weeks after infection, the mice were treated orally for 3 weeks with vitamin D3 (VitD3) alone, PMQ alone, a combination of VitD3 and PMQ (VitD3-PMQ), or a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Results showed that VitD3 (300 IU/kg/day) had a synergistic effect with PMQ (5 mg/kg/day) for therapy of PCP. Flow cytometric studies showed that this VitD3-PMQ combination recovered the CD11b(low) CD11c(high) alveolar macrophage population in mice with PCP as effectively as TMP-SMX. The VitD3-PMQ combination also reduced the massive infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs and the severity of lung damage. VitD3 was also shown to reduce the dose of TMP-SMX required for effective treatment of PCP. Taken together, results of this study suggest that a VitD3-PMQ combination can be used as an alternative therapy for PCP.
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169
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VDR gene polymorphisms impact on anemia at 2 weeks of anti-HCV therapy: a possible mechanism for early RBV-induced anemia. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2015; 25:164-72. [PMID: 25713999 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D receptors (VDR) bind calcitriol and modulate several physiological systems through genomic and nongenomic pathways. Calcitriol stimulates store-operated channels Ca²⁺ influx by translocation of the caveolar VDR to the plasma membrane. Intracellular Ca²⁺ levels in erythrocytes control biophysical properties and an increase in its concentration can deregulate membrane composition, cell volume, glycolytic enzymes regulation, redox state, and cell clearance.We evaluated the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ITPA, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and VDR genes in the prediction of ribavirin-induced anemia in HCV-1/2/3/4 patients at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty-five patients treated with ribavirin and pegylated interferon-α were genotyped by real-time PCR. RESULTS BMI at baseline more than 30 kg/m² [P=0.013, odds ratio (OR): 10.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66-74.21], alanine aminotransferase at baseline more than 37 IU/l (P=0.020, OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09-0.81), and the VDR BsmI AA profile (P=0.003, OR: 5.09, 95% CI: 1.72-15.05) were anemia-predictive factors at 2 weeks of therapy. At week 4, the ITPA rs6051702 AC/CC profile (P=0.001, OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07-0.51) was the only factor that could predict this side effect. CONCLUSION The BsmI AA genotype is a predictive factor of 2-week anemia and it could be related to a VDR-enhanced activity, and thus an increased calcium influx, resulting in the deregulation of the Ca²⁺-dependent signaling, which can lead to erythrocytes hemolysis. This rapid mechanism could be responsible for the development of early anemia.These results indicate for the first time the strong, significant, and independent role of VDR in the early development of ribavirin-induced anemia and confirm the ITPA function in the prediction of anemia at week 4.
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170
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Gibson CC, Davis CT, Zhu W, Bowman-Kirigin JA, Walker AE, Tai Z, Thomas KR, Donato AJ, Lesniewski LA, Li DY. Dietary Vitamin D and Its Metabolites Non-Genomically Stabilize the Endothelium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140370. [PMID: 26469335 PMCID: PMC4607301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a known modulator of inflammation. Native dietary vitamin D3 is thought to be bio-inactive, and beneficial vitamin D3 effects are thought to be largely mediated by the metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3. Reduced serum levels of the most commonly measured precursor metabolite, 25(OH)D3, is linked to an increased risk of multiple inflammatory diseases, including: cardiovascular disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and sepsis. Common to all of these diseases is the disruption of endothelial stability and an enhancement of vascular leak. We previously performed an unbiased chemical suppressor screen on a genetic model of vascular instability, and identified cholecalciferol (D3, dietary Vitamin D3) as a factor that had profound and immediate stabilizing and therapeutic effects in that model. In this manuscript we show that the presumed inactive sterol, D3, is actually a potent and general mediator of endothelial stability at physiologically relevant concentrations. We further demonstrate that this phenomenon is apparent in vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, and that the effects are independent of the canonical transcription-mediated vitamin D pathway. Our data suggests the presence of an alternative signaling modality by which D3 acts directly on endothelial cells to prevent vascular leak. The finding that D3 and its metabolites modulate endothelial stability may help explain the clinical correlations between low serum vitamin D levels and the many human diseases with well-described vascular dysfunction phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Gibson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States of America
| | - Chadwick T. Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Bowman-Kirigin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Ashley E. Walker
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Zhengfu Tai
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Kirk R. Thomas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Lesniewski
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Dean Y. Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
- Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
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171
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Ovesjö ML, Skilving I, Bergman P, Rane A, Ekström L, Björkhem-Bergman L. Low Vitamin D Levels and Genetic Polymorphism in the Vitamin D Receptor are Associated with Increased Risk of Statin-Induced Myopathy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:214-8. [PMID: 26423691 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to test the hypothesis whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels <50 nmol/L at baseline could predict statin-induced myopathy during the course of treatment. In addition, we analysed the association between a genetic polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the risk of statin-induced myopathy. We used serum samples from a prospective, observational study in statin-treated patients in Sweden who were thoroughly followed with interviews and questionnaires regarding muscular symptoms (n = 127). In this cohort, 16 developed muscular symptoms and 111 had no muscular symptoms associated with statin treatment during the first year of follow-up. Patients with 25OHD levels <50 nmol/L before starting on statin treatment had four times higher risk of developing muscular symptoms compared with individuals having 25OHD levels >50 nmol/L (RR 4.2; 95% CI 1.7-10.2; p < 0.01). The mean levels of 25OHD at baseline were 50 ± 4 nmol/L among patients developing myopathy and 60 ± 2 nmol/L among patients without myopathy (p < 0.01). Individuals homozygous for the C allele in the VDR polymorphism TaqI (rs731236) had a four times higher risk of developing muscular symptoms; (RR 4.37, 95% CI 1.9-10.1, p < 0.01). In conclusion, 25OHD levels <50 nmol/L might be a useful marker to predict muscular adverse events during statin treatment. In addition, the finding that the VDR polymorphism TaqI was associated with myopathy may indicate a causal relationship between vitamin D function and myopathy, but larger studies are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Ovesjö
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilona Skilving
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Ekström
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Björkhem-Bergman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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172
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Wijenayaka AR, Yang D, Prideaux M, Ito N, Kogawa M, Anderson PH, Morris HA, Solomon LB, Loots GG, Findlay DM, Atkins GJ. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates human SOST gene expression and sclerostin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:157-67. [PMID: 26112182 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin, the SOST gene product, is a negative regulator of bone formation and a positive regulator of bone resorption. In this study, treatment of human primary osteoblasts, including cells differentiated to an osteocyte-like stage, with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 (1,25D) resulted in the dose-dependent increased expression of SOST mRNA. A similar effect was observed in human trabecular bone samples cultured ex vivo, and in osteocyte-like cultures of differentiated SAOS2 cells. Treatment of SAOS2 cells with 1,25D resulted in the production and secretion of sclerostin protein. In silico analysis of the human SOST gene revealed a single putative DR3-type vitamin D response element (VDRE) at position -6216 bp upstream of the transcription start site (TSS). This sequence was confirmed to have strong VDRE activity by luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA). Sequence substitution in the VDR/RXR half-sites abolished VDRE reporter activity and binding of nuclear proteins. A 6.3 kb fragment of the human proximal SOST promoter demonstrated responsiveness to 1,25D. The addition of the evolutionary conserved region 5 (ECR5), a known bone specific enhancer region, ahead of the 6.3 kb fragment increased basal promoter activity but did not increase 1,25D responsiveness. Site-specific mutagenesis abolished the responsiveness of the 6.3 kb promoter to 1,25D. We conclude that 1,25D is a direct regulator of human SOST gene and sclerostin protein expression, extending the pathways of control of sclerostin expression. At least some of this responsiveness is mediated by the identified classical VDRE however the nature of the transcriptional regulation by 1,25D warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Nobuaki Ito
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Masakazu Kogawa
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Lucian B Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA; University of California at Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA, USA
| | - David M Findlay
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Papadopoulou A, Kouis P, Middleton N, Kolokotroni O, Karpathios T, Nicolaidou P, Yiallouros PK. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and vitamin D levels with asthma and atopy in Cypriot adolescents: a case-control study. Multidiscip Respir Med 2015; 10:26. [PMID: 26346690 PMCID: PMC4559891 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-015-0025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been studied in immune-related disorders either as independent contributors or in combination with vitamin D concentration. Vitamin D and VDR have been independently linked to asthma susceptibility. We investigated whether VDR variants were associated independently or in relation to vitamin D levels with asthma in Cypriot adolescents. Methods We studied 190 current wheezers, 69 of which were categorized as active asthmatics and 671 healthy controls. We determined three VDR genotypes (BsmI, TaqI, ApaI) and measured serum 25(OH)D levels. Logistic regression and stratified analyses by the presence of hypovitaminosis D (≤20 ng/ml) were used to evaluate the association of the VDR variants with asthma. Results The distribution of TaqI genotypes was significantly different between controls and current wheezers (p = 0.030) or active asthmatics (p = 0.014). The tt genotype was over-represented in wheezers (19.2 %) and asthmatics (21.3 %) compared to respective controls (12.9 %). No difference was observed between controls, current wheezers and active asthmatics in the genotypic distribution of BsmI and ApaI polymorphic sites. After stratification by the presence of hypovitaminosis D, a significant association was detected between tt genotype of TaqI polymorphism with wheezing (OR: 1.97, 95 % CI: 1.12, 3.46) and asthma (OR: 2.37, 95CI%: 1.02, 5.52) only in those with normal vitamin D levels (>20 ng/ml) but not in subjects with low vitamin D. Conclusions The minor TaqI genotype of VDR is associated with asthma in Cypriot adolescents. This polymorphism may contribute to asthma susceptibility primarily under conditions of normal vitamin D levels (>20 ng/ml). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40248-015-0025-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papadopoulou
- Third Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, University General Hospital "Attikon", Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Kouis
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental & Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nikos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ourania Kolokotroni
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental & Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus ; Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus ; St George University of London Medical Programme, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Panayiotis K Yiallouros
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental & Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus ; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital "Archbishop Makarios III", Nicosia, Cyprus ; 95 Irenes Street, 3041 Limassol, Cyprus
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174
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Modan-Moses D, Levy-Shraga Y, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Kochavi B, Enoch-Levy A, Vered I, Stein D. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in adolescent inpatients diagnosed with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:607-14. [PMID: 25130505 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies assessing vitamin D status in adolescents with eating disorders showed inconsistent results. The aim of the current study was to assess vitamin D status in a large cohort of adolescent inpatients with eating disorders and its relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and depression. METHOD 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as BMD and depression were assessed on admission in 87 inpatients (aged 16 ± 2 years, females = 81) with eating disorders [anorexia nervosa (AN) = 64; bulimia nervosa (BN) = 5; eating disorders not otherwise specified-binge/purge type (EDNOS-B/P) = 18]. RESULTS Mean 25OHD levels were 24.1 ± 7.5 ng/ml (25.0 ± 7.6, 25.4 ± 9.9, and 22.0 ± 9.9 ng/ml in patients with AB, BN, and EDNOS-B/P, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency (<15 ng/ml) was found in 7.8% of the patients, and insufficiency (15-20 ng/ml) in 22.2%. Only 16.7% had levels >32 ng/ml, considered optimal by some experts. No associations were found between 25OHD levels and BMD or comorbid depression. 25OHD levels during winter were significantly lower than summer levels (p < .001). Mean lumbar spine BMD z-score in patients with AN and EDNOS-B/P type was low (-1.5 ± 1.1) and correlated with body mass index standard deviation score (p = .03). DISCUSSION Adolescents with eating disorders show a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Given the risk of osteoporosis in this population, 25OHD levels found in this group may not offer optimal bone protection. Vitamin D levels should be routinely checked and supplementation should be administered as required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Modan-Moses
- Pediatric Endcrinology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yael Levy-Shraga
- Pediatric Endcrinology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Pediatric Endcrinology Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, 52621, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Brigitte Kochavi
- Pediatric Psychosomatic Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Adi Enoch-Levy
- Pediatric Psychosomatic Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Iris Vered
- Institute of Endocrinology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Daniel Stein
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.,Pediatric Psychosomatic Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
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175
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Grenier D, Morin MP, Fournier-Larente J, Chen H. Vitamin D inhibits the growth of and virulence factor gene expression by Porphyromonas gingivalis and blocks activation of the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor in monocytes. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:359-65. [PMID: 26297053 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ), a fat-soluble secosteroid hormone, has a positive impact on periodontal health through diverse mechanisms. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on the growth of and virulence factor gene expression by the periodontopathogenic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. The effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on P. gingivalis-mediated activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor in monocytes was also assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS A broth microdilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activity of 1,25(OH)2 D3 . The modulation of virulence factor gene expression in P. gingivalis was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. NF-κB activation was assessed using a human monocytic cell line stably transfected with a luciferase reporter containing NF-κB binding sites. RESULTS Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 1,25(OH)2 D3 against P. gingivalis ranged from 3.125 to 6.25 μg/mL. Moreover, a partial synergistic effect was observed when 1,25(OH)2 D3 was used in association with metronidazole. 1,25(OH)2 D3 attenuated the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of genes coding for important virulence factors, including adhesins (fimA, hagA and hagB) and proteinases (rgpA, rgpB and kgp). 1,25(OH)2 D3 dose-dependently prevented P. gingivalis-induced NF-κB activation in a monocyte model. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that 1,25(OH)2 D3 selectively inhibits the growth of and virulence factor gene expression by P. gingivalis, in addition to attenuating NF-κB activation by this periodontopathogen. This dual action on P. gingivalis and the inflammatory response of host cells may be of particular interest with a view to developing a novel and inexpensive preventive/therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - M-P Morin
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - J Fournier-Larente
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - H Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
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176
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Dahlquist DT, Dieter BP, Koehle MS. Plausible ergogenic effects of vitamin D on athletic performance and recovery. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015; 12:33. [PMID: 26288575 PMCID: PMC4539891 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-015-0093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine vitamin D in the context of sport nutrition and its potential role in optimizing athletic performance. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) and vitamin D response elements (VDREs) are located in almost every tissue within the human body including skeletal muscle. The hormonally-active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has been shown to play critical roles in the human body and regulates over 900 gene variants. Based on the literature presented, it is plausible that vitamin D levels above the normal reference range (up to 100 nmol/L) might increase skeletal muscle function, decrease recovery time from training, increase both force and power production, and increase testosterone production, each of which could potentiate athletic performance. Therefore, maintaining higher levels of vitamin D could prove beneficial for athletic performance. Despite this situation, large portions of athletic populations are vitamin D deficient. Currently, the research is inconclusive with regards to the optimal intake of vitamin D, the specific forms of vitamin D one should ingest, and the distinct nutrient-nutrient interactions of vitamin D with vitamin K that affect arterial calcification and hypervitaminosis. Furthermore, it is possible that dosages exceeding the recommendations for vitamin D (i.e. dosages up to 4000-5000 IU/day), in combination with 50 to 1000 mcg/day of vitamin K1 and K2 could aid athletic performance. This review will investigate these topics, and specifically their relevance to athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Dahlquist
- UBC Environmental Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Brad P Dieter
- Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital, Research Discovery Lab, Spokane, WA 99204 USA
| | - Michael S Koehle
- Simon Fraser University, Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology (BPK), 8888 University Drive - Burnaby, Vancouver, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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177
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Integrative network-based analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated cancer cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:35. [PMID: 26276506 PMCID: PMC4537452 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional systems biology is an evolving research field aimed at understanding nutritional processes at a systems level. It is known that the development of cancer can be influenced by the nutritional status, and the link between vitamin D status and different cancer types is widely investigated. In this study, we performed an integrative network-based analysis using a publicly available data set studying the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in prostate cancer cells on mRNA and microRNA level. Pathway analysis revealed 15 significantly altered pathways: eight more general mostly cell cycle-related pathways and seven cancer-specific pathways. The changes in the G1-to-S cell cycle pathway showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 down-regulates the genes influencing the G1-to-S phase transition. Moreover, after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment the gene expression in several cancer-related processes was down-regulated. The more general pathways were merged into one network and then extended with known protein–protein and transcription factor–gene interactions. Network algorithms were used to (1) identify active network modules and (2) integrate microRNA regulation in the network. Adding microRNA regulation to the network enabled the identification of gene targets of significantly expressed microRNAs after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Six of the nine differentially expressed microRNAs target genes in the extended network, including CLSPN, an important checkpoint regulator in the cell cycle that was down-regulated, and FZD5, a receptor for Wnt proteins that was up-regulated. The extendable network-based tools PathVisio and Cytoscape enable straightforward, in-depth and integrative analysis of mRNA and microRNA expression data in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cancer cells.
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178
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Fekrmandi F, Wang TT, White JH. The hormone-bound vitamin D receptor enhances the FBW7-dependent turnover of NF-κB subunits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13002. [PMID: 26269414 PMCID: PMC4534774 DOI: 10.1038/srep13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by hormonal vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) has attracted increasing interest because of its non-classical actions, particularly its putative anticancer properties and its role in controlling immune system function. Notably, the hormone-bound vitamin D receptor (VDR) suppresses signaling by pro-inflammatory NF-κB transcription factors, although the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. Recently, the VDR was shown to enhance the turnover of the oncogenic transcription factor cMYC mediated by the E3 ligase and tumor suppressor FBW7. As FBW7 also controls the turnover of the p100 (NF-κB2) subunit of the family, we determined whether the 1,25D enhanced FBW7-dependent turnover of NF-κB subunits p100, p105 (NF-κB1) and p65 (RELA). Protein levels of all three subunits declined markedly in the presence of 1,25D in multiple cell lines in the absence of substantial changes in mRNA expression. The VDR coimmunoprecipitated with all three subunits, and 1,25D treatment accelerated subunit turnover in cycloheximide-treated cells. Importantly, we observed an association of FBW7 with p105 and p65, as well as p100, and knockdown of FBW7 eliminated 1,25D-dependent subunit turnover. Moreover, expression of NF-κB target genes was elevated in FBW7-depleted cells. These results reveal that 1,25D signaling suppresses NF-κB function by enhancing FBW7-dependent subunit turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fekrmandi
- Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - John H White
- 1] Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada [2] Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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179
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Luger M, Kruschitz R, Marculescu R, Haslacher H, Hoppichler F, Kallay E, Kienbacher C, Klammer C, Kral M, Langer F, Luger E, Prager G, Trauner M, Traussnigg S, Würger T, Schindler K, Ludvik B. The link between obesity and vitamin D in bariatric patients with omega-loop gastric bypass surgery - a vitamin D supplementation trial to compare the efficacy of postoperative cholecalciferol loading (LOAD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:328. [PMID: 26242295 PMCID: PMC4524369 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond its classical role in calcium homoeostasis and bone metabolism, vitamin D deficiency has been found to be associated with several diseases, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and even obesity itself. Importantly, there are limited data on therapeutic strategies for vitamin D deficiency in bariatric patients, and the procedure-specific guidelines may not be sufficient. To improve long-term outcomes, nutritional screening and appropriate supplementation to prevent nutrient deficiencies are urgently needed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine effects and safety of a forced dosing regimen of vitamin D versus conventional dose supplementation on vitamin D levels and other parameters in bariatric patients. Methods/Design The study includes loading plus repeat dosing compared with repeated administration of vitamin D without a loading dose, according to guidelines, in a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Up to a triple oral loading dose is given on day 1, then 2 and 4 weeks after surgery (100,000 IU dose each time), followed by an oral maintenance dose (3420 IU/day). The control group (n = 25) will receive placebo, followed by administration of a standard dose (3420 IU/day). We hypothesize that a significant increase in vitamin D levels will occur in patients in the treatment group (n = 25) by 24 weeks after surgery. Further measurements are aimed at evaluating changes in inflammation, bone turnover, insulin resistance, blood pressure, liver, mental health, and gut microbiota of patients undergoing omega-loop gastric bypass surgery. Furthermore, possible associations between concentrations of vitamin D, the involved enzymes, or vitamin D receptor in adipose and/or liver tissues will be determined. Discussion To our knowledge, this trial is the first of its kind with this type of vitamin D supplementation in bariatric patients. Its major strength is the design and implementation of evaluation of influencing factors such as liver function, bone health, inflammation, insulin resistance, blood pressure, symptoms of depression, or microbiota. This alternative vitamin D dosing regimen has the potential to be a safe, fast, evidence-based treatment of vitamin D deficiency in bariatric patients. Owing to the increasing number of bariatric patients, it is also of interest to elucidate the link between obesity and vitamin D. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02092376. Registered on 17 March 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition - SIPCAN, Guggenbichlerstraße 8/15, 5026, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Renate Kruschitz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Friedrich Hoppichler
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology and Nutrition - SIPCAN, Guggenbichlerstraße 8/15, 5026, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Kienbacher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carmen Klammer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Melanie Kral
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Felix Langer
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva Luger
- Institute of Social Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefan Traussnigg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tanja Würger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karin Schindler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Ludvik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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180
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Abstract
A tremendous amount of information was published over the past decades in relation to the role of vitamins in various neoplastic diseases. In particular, several studies showed an inverse relationship between selected vitamins intake and cancer risk. In this review we will focus on the role played by vitamins in melanoma with particular regard to vitamin A, D, K, E and C. Given that vitamin supplementation is easy, convenient, and readily accepted by patients, in the future the use of vitamins in chemoprevention and therapy of melanoma could be encouraged if supported by pre-clinical and clinical evidence.
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181
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Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, van Wijngaarden JP, van der Zwaluw NL, Sohl E, In't Veld PH, van Dijk SC, Swart KMA, Enneman AW, Ham AC, van Schoor NM, van der Velde N, Uitterlinden AG, Lips P, Feskens EJM, de Groot LCPGM. Low vitamin D status is associated with more depressive symptoms in Dutch older adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1525-34. [PMID: 26141257 PMCID: PMC4875055 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The existence of vitamin D receptors in the brain points to a possible role of vitamin D in brain function. We examined the association of vitamin D status and vitamin D-related genetic make-up with depressive symptoms amongst 2839 Dutch older adults aged ≥65 years. Methods 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured, and five ‘vitamin D-related genes’ were selected. Depressive symptoms were measured with the 15-point Geriatric Depression Scale. Results were expressed as the relative risk of the score of depressive symptoms by quartiles of 25(OH)D concentration or number of affected alleles, using the lowest quartile or minor allele group as reference. Results A clear cross-sectional and prospective association between serum 25(OH)D and depressive symptom score was observed. Fully adjusted models indicated a 22 % (RR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.68–0.89), 21 % (RR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.68–0.90), and 18 % (RR 0.82, 95 % CI 0.71–0.95) lower score of depressive symptoms in people in the second, third, and fourth 25(OH)D quartiles, when compared to people in the first quartile (P for trend <0.0001). After 2 years of daily 15 µg vitamin D supplementation, similar associations were observed. 25(OH)D concentrations did not significantly interact with the selected genes. Conclusion Low serum 25(OH)D was associated with higher depressive symptom scores. No interactions between 25(OH)D concentrations and vitamin D genetic make-up were observed. In view of the probability of reverse causation, we propose that the association should be further examined in prospective studies as well as in randomized controlled trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0970-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R A M Dhonukshe-Rutten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J P van Wijngaarden
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N L van der Zwaluw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Sohl
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P H In't Veld
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S C van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K M A Swart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A W Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Ham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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182
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Raftery T, Martineau AR, Greiller CL, Ghosh S, McNamara D, Bennett K, Meddings J, O'Sullivan M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on intestinal permeability, cathelicidin and disease markers in Crohn's disease: Results from a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 3:294-302. [PMID: 26137304 DOI: 10.1177/2050640615572176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (vitD) supplementation may prolong remission in Crohn's disease (CD); however, the clinical efficacy and mechanisms are unclear. AIM To determine changes in intestinal permeability (IP), antimicrobial peptide (AMP) concentrations and disease markers in CD, in response to vitD supplementation. METHODS In a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study, we assigned 27 CD patients in remission to 2000 IU/day vitD or placebo for 3 mos. We determined IP, plasma cathelicidin (LL-37 in ng/mL), human-beta-defensin-2 (hBD2 in pg/mL), disease activity (Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI)), C-reactive protein (CRP in mg/L), fecal calprotectin (µg/g), Quality of Life (QoL) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D in nmol/L) at 0 and 3 mos. RESULTS At 3 mos., 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in those whom were treated (p < 0.001). Intra-group analysis showed increased LL-37 concentrations (p = 0.050) and maintenance of IP measures in the treated group. In contrast, in the placebo group, the small bowel (p = 0.018) and gastro-duodenal permeability (p = 0.030) increased from baseline. At 3 mos., patients with 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L had significantly lower CRP (p = 0.019), higher QoL (p = 0.037), higher LL-37 concentrations (p < 0.001) and non-significantly lower CDAI scores (p = 0.082), compared to those with levels <75 nmol/L. CONCLUSION Short-term treatment with 2000 IU/day vitD significantly increased 25(OH)D levels in CD patients in remission and it was associated with increased LL-37 concentrations and maintenance of IP. Achieving 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/l was accompanied by higher circulating LL-37, higher QoL scores and reduced CRP. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01792388).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Raftery
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire L Greiller
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deirdre McNamara
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathleen Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jon Meddings
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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183
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Evliyaoğlu O, Acar M, Özcabı B, Erginöz E, Bucak F, Ercan O, Kucur M. Vitamin D Deficiency and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in Children and Adolescents: a Critical Vitamin D Level for This Association? J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:128-33. [PMID: 26316435 PMCID: PMC4563184 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D has been suggested to be active as an immunomodulator in autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). The goal of the present study was to investigate the vitamin D status in HT patients. METHODS This prevalence case-control study was conducted on 90 patients with HT (of ages 12.32 ± 2.87 years) and 79 age-matched healthy controls (11.85 ± 2.28 years). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels were measured in all 169 subjects. RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in HT patients (64 of 90; 71.1%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (41 of 79; 51.9%) (p=0.025). Mean serum 25(OH)D3 level in the HT group was significantly lower compared to the control group (16.67 ± 11.65 vs. 20.99 ± 9.86 ng/mL, p=0.001). HT was observed 2.28 times more frequently in individuals with 25(OH)D3 levels <20 ng/mL (OR: 2.28, CI: 1.21-4.3). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is associated with HT in children and adolescents. Levels lower than 20 ng/mL seem to be critical. The mechanism for this association is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Evliyaoğlu
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 533 633 15 64 E-mail:
| | - Manolya Acar
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Özcabı
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ethem Erginöz
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Feride Bucak
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Ercan
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Kucur
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul, Turkey
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Fornasa G, Tsilingiri K, Caprioli F, Botti F, Mapelli M, Meller S, Kislat A, Homey B, Di Sabatino A, Sonzogni A, Viale G, Diaferia G, Gori A, Longhi R, Penna G, Rescigno M. Dichotomy of short and long thymic stromal lymphopoietin isoforms in inflammatory disorders of the bowel and skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:413-22. [PMID: 26014813 PMCID: PMC4534776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine with pleiotropic functions in the immune system. It has been associated with allergic reactions in the skin and lungs but also homeostatic tolerogenic responses in the thymus and gut. Objective In human subjects TSLP is present in 2 isoforms, short and long. Here we wanted to investigate the differential expression of the TSLP isoforms and discern their biological implications under homeostatic or inflammatory conditions. Methods We evaluated the expression of TSLPs in tissues from healthy subjects, patients with ulcerative colitis, patients with celiac disease, and patients with atopic dermatitis and on epithelial cells and keratinocytes under steady-state conditions or after stimulation. We then tested the immune activity of TSLP isoforms both in vitro and in vivo. Results We showed that TSLP isoforms are responsible for 2 opposite immune functions. The short isoform is expressed under steady-state conditions and exerts anti-inflammatory activities by affecting the capacity of PBMCs and dendritic cells to produce inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the short isoform TSLP ameliorates experimental colitis in mice and prevents endotoxin shock. The long isoform of TSLP is proinflammatory and is only expressed during inflammation. The isoforms are differentially regulated by pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella species and adhesive-invasive Escherichia coli. Conclusions We have solved the dilemma of TSLP being both homeostatic and inflammatory. The TSLP isoform ratio is altered during several inflammatory disorders, with strong implications in disease treatment and prevention. Indeed, targeting of the long isoform of TSLP at the C-terminal portion, which is common to both isoforms, might lead to unwanted side effects caused by neutralization of the homeostatic short isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fornasa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Katerina Tsilingiri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Unità Operativa Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopica, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Botti
- Unità Operativa Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopica, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephan Meller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Kislat
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Medicine, St Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelica Sonzogni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Longhi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, San Paolo, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Placental amino acid transport may be regulated by maternal vitamin D and vitamin D-binding protein: results from the Southampton Women's Survey. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1903-10. [PMID: 25940599 PMCID: PMC4498463 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations during pregnancy and
placental amino acid transporter gene expression have been associated with
development of the offspring in terms of body composition and bone structure.
Several amino acid transporter genes have vitamin D response elements in their
promoters suggesting the possible linkage of these two mechanisms. We aimed to
establish whether maternal 25(OH)D and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) levels
relate to expression of placental amino acid transporters. RNA was extracted
from 102 placental samples collected in the Southampton Women's Survey,
and gene expression was analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. Gene
expression data were normalised to the geometric mean of three housekeeping
genes, and related to maternal factors and childhood body composition. Maternal
serum 25(OH)D and VDBP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Maternal
25(OH)D and VDBP levels were positively associated with placental expression of
specific genes involved in amino acid transport. Maternal 25(OH)D and VDBP
concentrations were correlated with the expression of specific placental amino
acid transporters, and thus may be involved in the regulation of amino acid
transfer to the fetus. The positive correlation of VDBP levels and placental
transporter expression suggests that delivery of vitamin D to the placenta may
be important. This exploratory study identifies placental amino acid
transporters which may be altered in response to modifiable maternal factors and
provides a basis for further studies.
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186
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Guessous I. Role of Vitamin D deficiency in extraskeletal complications: predictor of health outcome or marker of health status? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:563403. [PMID: 26075246 PMCID: PMC4436443 DOI: 10.1155/2015/563403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of vitamin D with extraskeletal complications, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and autoimmune disease, is of major interest considering its roles in key biological processes and the worldwide high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, the causal relationships between vitamin D and most extraskeletal complications are weak. Currently, a heated debate over vitamin D is being conducted according to two hypotheses. In this review, we first present the different arguments that suggest a major role of vitamin D in a very broad type of extraskeletal complications (hypothesis #1). We then present results from recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials indicating a lack of association of vitamin D with major extraskeletal complications (hypothesis #2). We discuss different issues (e.g., causality, confounding, reverse causation, misclassification, and Mendelian randomization) that contribute to the favoring of one hypothesis over the other. While ultimately only one hypothesis is correct, we anticipate that the results from the ongoing randomized controlled trials will be unlikely to reconcile the divided experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Guessous
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1214 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 1518, USA
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187
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Mathewson I. Did human hairlessness allow natural photobiomodulation 2 million years ago and enable photobiomodulation therapy today? This can explain the rapid expansion of our genus’s brain. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:421-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Selvaraj P, Harishankar M, Afsal K. Vitamin D: Immuno-modulation and tuberculosis treatment. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:377-84. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and often coincides with vitamin D deficiency. High doses of vitamin D were widely used to treat TB during the pre-antibiotic era. Vitamin D exerts its action through vitamin D receptor (VDR), and VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility or resistance to tuberculosis as well as sputum smear and culture conversion during anti-TB treatment. In-vitro studies have revealed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances innate immunity by increased expression of various antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin, and induction of autophagy of the infected cells thus restricts the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages. On the other hand, vitamin D has been shown to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokine response and enhance the anti-inflammatory response. Supplementation with vitamin D in concert with treatment for TB may be beneficial with respect to minimizing the excessive tissue damage that occurs during the active stage of tuberculosis disease. Several clinical trials have evaluated vitamin D supplementation as an adjunct therapy in the treatment for tuberculosis. However, results are conflicting, owing to variations in dose regimens and outcomes. Further investigations are needed to find the optimal concentration of vitamin D for supplementation with standard anti-TB drugs to optimize treatment, which could help to effectively manage both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Selvaraj
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, 1, Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, 1, Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India
| | - Murugesan Harishankar
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, 1, Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, 1, Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India
| | - Kolloli Afsal
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, 1, Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, (Formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, 1, Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India
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189
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Li W, Guo L, Li H, Sun C, Cui X, Song G, Wang J, Zhang Q. Polymorphism rs2239185 in vitamin D receptor gene is associated with severe community-acquired pneumonia of children in Chinese Han population: a case-control study. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:621-9. [PMID: 25367052 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a potential candidate gene for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Examining the susceptibility VDR gene for CAP is essential for early intervention, prevention of related complications, and improvement of outcome. A case-control study was performed to examine the association between rs2239185 of VDR gene and CAP among children in Chinese Han population. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to genotype rs2239185 in 91 CAP children and 94 healthy children. For rs2239185, individuals with TT genotype showed a significantly higher risk of CAP than those with CC plus CT genotypes (P = 0.008). The occurrence of T allele of rs2239185 was significantly more frequent in CAP children than those in normal controls (P = 0.045).We found through stratification analysis that CAP children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), leukocyte count (WBC) >10 × 10(9)/L, C-reactive protein (CRP) >25 mg/L, procalcitonin (PCT) >2 ng/mL, and pediatric critical illness score <80 scores showed significantly higher frequency of TT genotype than those in normal controls (P = 0.0012, 0.0035, 0.0005, 0.0002, and 0.0021, respectively). CONCLUSION TT genotype of rs2239185 in VDR gene might be one of the potential genetic risk factors for CAP, and T allele of rs2239185 might be associated with the susceptibility to CAP and the severity of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Critical Medical Care, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, 100020,
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190
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Long MD, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Campbell MJ. Vitamin D receptor and RXR in the post-genomic era. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:758-66. [PMID: 25335912 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Following the elucidation of the human genome and components of the epigenome, it is timely to revisit what is known of vitamin D receptor (VDR) function. Early transcriptomic studies using microarray approaches focused on the protein coding mRNA that were regulated by the VDR, usually following treatment with ligand. These studies quickly established the approximate size and surprising diversity of the VDR transcriptome, revealing it to be highly heterogenous and cell type and time dependent. Investigators also considered VDR regulation of non-protein coding RNA and again, cell and time dependency was observed. Attempts to integrate mRNA and miRNA regulation patterns are beginning to reveal patterns of co-regulation and interaction that allow for greater control of mRNA expression, and the capacity to govern more complex cellular events. Alternative splicing in the trasncriptome has emerged as a critical process in transcriptional control and there is evidence of the VDR interacting with components of the splicesome. ChIP-Seq approaches have proved to be pivotal to reveal the diversity of the VDR binding choices across cell types and following treatment, and have revealed that the majority of these are non-canonical in nature. The underlying causes driving the diversity of VDR binding choices remain enigmatic. Finally, genetic variation has emerged as important to impact the transcription factor affinity towards genomic binding sites, and recently the impact of this on VDR function has begun to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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191
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Hansen JG, Tang W, Hootman KC, Brannon PM, Houston DK, Kritchevsky SB, Harris TB, Garcia M, Lohman K, Liu Y, de Boer IH, Kestenbaum BR, Robinson-Cohen C, Siscovick DS, Cassano PA. Genetic and environmental factors are associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in older African Americans. J Nutr 2015; 145:799-805. [PMID: 25716552 PMCID: PMC4381765 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.202093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is prevalent in African Americans, but predictors of vitamin D status are understudied compared to Caucasian populations. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether certain environmental and genetic factors are predictors of circulating 25(OH)D in 989 elderly African Americans participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. METHODS Regression analysis estimated the cross-sectional association of nongenetic (environmental) factors with 25(OH)D. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 25(OH)D in Caucasian genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were analyzed for association with serum 25(OH)D, including analyses of all imputed SNPs in identified genomic regions. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) evaluated the association of all (genome-wide) genotyped SNPs with serum 25(OH)D in the Health ABC Study with replication in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. RESULTS Gender, study site, season of blood draw, body mass index, dietary supplement use, dairy and cereal consumption, Healthy Eating Index score, and walking >180 min/wk were associated with 25(OH)D (P < 0.05), jointly explaining 25% of the variation in circulating 25(OH)D. Multivitamin supplement use was the strongest predictor of circulating 25(OH)D, and supplement users had a 6.3-μg/L higher serum 25(OH)D concentration compared with nonusers. Previous GWAS-identified gene regions were not replicated in African Americans, but the nonsynonymous rs7041 SNP in group-specific component (vitamin D binding protein) was close to significance thresholds (P = 0.08), and there was evidence for an interaction between this SNP and use of multivitamin supplements in relation to serum 25(OH)D concentration (P = 0.04). Twenty-three percent (95% CI: 0%, 52%) of the variation in serum 25(OH)D was explained by total genetic variation in a pooled GCTA of 2087 Health ABC Study and MESA African-American participants, but population substructure effects could not be separated from other genetic influences. CONCLUSIONS Modifiable dietary and lifestyle predictors of serum 25(OH)D were identified in African Americans. GCTA confirms that a proportion of 25(OH)D variability is attributable to genetic variation, but genomic regions associated with the 25(OH)D phenotype identified in prior GWASs of European Americans were not replicated in the Health ABC Study in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyanna G Hansen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Wenbo Tang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Katie C Hootman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Patsy M Brannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | | | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bryan R Kestenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Patricia A Cassano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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192
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Beaudin SG, Robilotto S, Welsh J. Comparative regulation of gene expression by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cells derived from normal mammary tissue and breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:96-102. [PMID: 25239595 PMCID: PMC4760099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous genomic profiling of immortalized, non-tumorigenic human breast epithelial cells identified a set of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) regulated genes with potential relevance to breast cancer prevention. In this report, we characterized the effect of 1,25D on a subset of these genes in six cell lines derived from mammary tissue and breast cancers. Non-tumorigenic cell lines included hTERT-HME1, HME and MCF10A cells which are often used to model normal breast epithelial cells. Breast cancer cell lines included MCF7 cells (a model of early stage, estrogen-dependent disease), DCIS.com cells (a derivative of MCF10A cells that models in situ breast cancer) and Hs578T cells (a model of metastatic disease). All of these cell lines express the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and exhibit anti-cancer responses to 1,25D such as changes in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, or invasion. Our comparative data demonstrate highly variable responses to 1,25D (100nM, 24h) between the cell lines. In both hTERT-HME1 and HME cell lines, CYP24A1, SLC1A1 and ITGB3 were up-regulated whereas KDR, GLUL and BIRC3 were down-regulated in response to 1,25D. In contrast, no changes in SLC1A1, ITGB3 or GLUL expression were detected in 1,25D treated MCF10A cells although KDR and BIRC3 were down-regulated by 1,25D. The effects of 1,25D on these genes in the breast cancer cell lines were blunted, with the DCIS.com cells exhibiting the most similar responses to the immortalized hTERT-HME1 and HME cells. The differences in cellular responses were not due to general impairment in VDR function as robust CYP24A1 induction was observed in all cell lines. Thus, our data indicate that the genomic changes induced by 1,25D are highly cell-type specific even in model cell lines derived from the same tissue. The implication of these findings is that genomic responses to changes in vitamin D status in vivo are likely to be distinct from individual to individual, particularly in neoplastic tissue. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Beaudin
- Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | | | - JoEllen Welsh
- Cancer Research Center, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States; Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
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Wasiewicz T, Szyszka P, Cichorek M, Janjetovic Z, Tuckey RC, Slominski AT, Zmijewski MA. Antitumor effects of vitamin D analogs on hamster and mouse melanoma cell lines in relation to melanin pigmentation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6645-67. [PMID: 25811927 PMCID: PMC4424981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16046645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated melanogenesis is involved in melanomagenesis and melanoma progression and resistance to therapy. Vitamin D analogs have anti-melanoma activity. While the hypercalcaemic effect of the active form of Vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3) limits its therapeutic use, novel Vitamin D analogs with a modified side chain demonstrate low calcaemic activity. We therefore examined the effect of secosteroidal analogs, both classic (1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3), and novel relatively non-calcemic ones (20(OH)D3, calcipotriol, 21(OH)pD, pD and 20(OH)pL), on proliferation, colony formation in monolayer and soft-agar, and mRNA and protein expression by melanoma cells. Murine B16-F10 and hamster Bomirski Ab cell lines were shown to be effective models to study how melanogenesis affects anti-melanoma treatment. Novel Vitamin D analogs with a short side-chain and lumisterol-like 20(OH)pL efficiently inhibited rodent melanoma growth. Moderate pigmentation sensitized rodent melanoma cells towards Vitamin D analogs, and altered expression of key genes involved in Vitamin D signaling, which was opposite to the effect on heavily pigmented cells. Interestingly, melanogenesis inhibited ligand-induced Vitamin D receptor translocation and ligand-induced expression of VDR and CYP24A1 genes. These findings indicate that melanogenesis can affect the anti-melanoma activity of Vitamin D analogs in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasiewicz
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paulina Szyszka
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Miroslawa Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Michal A Zmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1a, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
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194
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Hawes JE, Tesic D, Whitehouse AJ, Zosky GR, Smith JT, Wyrwoll CS. Maternal vitamin D deficiency alters fetal brain development in the BALB/c mouse. Behav Brain Res 2015; 286:192-200. [PMID: 25753408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to vitamin D is thought to be critical for optimal fetal neurodevelopment, yet vitamin D deficiency is apparent in a growing proportion of pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine whether a mouse model of vitamin D-deficiency alters fetal neurodevelopment. Female BALB/c mice were placed on either a vitamin D control (2,195 IU/kg) or deficient (0 IU/kg) diet for 5 weeks prior to and during pregnancy. Fetal brains were collected at embryonic day (E) 14.5 or E17.5 for morphological and gene expression analysis. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy reduced fetal crown-rump length and head size. Moreover, lateral ventricle volume was reduced in vitamin D-deficient foetuses. Expression of neurotrophin genes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) was altered, with Bdnf reduced at E14.5 and increased at E17.5 following vitamin D deficiency. Brain expression of forkhead box protein P2 (Foxp2), a gene known to be important in human speech and language, was also altered. Importantly, Foxp2 immunoreactive cells in the developing cortex were reduced in vitamin D-deficient female foetuses. At E17.5, brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression was reduced in females, as was TH protein localization (to identify dopamine neurons) in the substantia nigra of vitamin D-deficient female foetuses. Overall, we show that prenatal vitamin D-deficiency leads to alterations in fetal mouse brain morphology and genes related to neuronal survival, speech and language development, and dopamine synthesis. Vitamin D appears to play an important role in mouse neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin E Hawes
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Dijana Tesic
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew J Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia
| | - Jeremy T Smith
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Wyrwoll
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
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195
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Tizaoui K, Kaabachi W, Hamzaoui A, Hamzaoui K. Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 12:243-52. [PMID: 24998351 PMCID: PMC4654294 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been studied as potential contributors to multiple sclerosis (MS). However, published studies differ with respect to study design and the significance of the effects detected. The aim of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the risk associated with the TaqI, BsmI, ApaI and FokI VDR polymorphisms in MS using a meta-analysis approach. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis of the literature. Subgroup analyses were performed to detect potential sources of heterogeneity from the selected study characteristics. The stability of the summary risk was evaluated using sensitivity analyses. The meta-analysis included a total of 3300 cases and 3194 controls from 13 case-control studies. There were no significant associations found between TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms and MS risk. The association between the ApaI polymorphism and MS risk was significant in the homozygous and codominant models (P=0.013 and P=0.031, respectively), suggesting that the AA ApaI genotype might be a significant MS risk factor. Publication year and age significantly affected the association between TaqI polymorphisms and MS (P=0.014 and P=0.010, respectively), which indicates a protective effect of the major T allele. The AA ApaI and FF FokI genotypes are significant risk factors for MS. The association between the TaqI polymorphism and MS risk is significantly affected by study characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology. Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wajih Kaabachi
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology. Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Agnès Hamzaoui
- 1] Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology. Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia [2] Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Pneumology Service, Pavilion B, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Hamzaoui
- Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology. Department of Basic Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
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196
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Reins RY, McDermott AM. Vitamin D: Implications for ocular disease and therapeutic potential. Exp Eye Res 2015; 134:101-10. [PMID: 25724179 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a multifunctional hormone that is now known to play a significant role in a variety of biological functions in addition to its traditional role in regulating calcium homeostasis. There are a large number of studies demonstrating that adequate vitamin D levels are important in maintaining health and show that vitamin D is able to be utilized at local tissue sites. In the eye, we have increasing evidence of the association between disease and vitamin D. In this narrative review, we summarize recent findings on vitamin D and its relationship to various ocular pathologies and the therapeutic potential for some of these, as well as examine the basic science studies that demonstrate that vitamin D is biologically relevant in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Y Reins
- The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA.
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA.
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197
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Patrick RP, Ames BN. Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acids control serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance for ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior. FASEB J 2015; 29:2207-22. [PMID: 25713056 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin regulates a wide variety of brain functions and behaviors. Here, we synthesize previous findings that serotonin regulates executive function, sensory gating, and social behavior and that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior all share in common defects in these functions. It has remained unclear why supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D improve cognitive function and behavior in these brain disorders. Here, we propose mechanisms by which serotonin synthesis, release, and function in the brain are modulated by vitamin D and the 2 marine omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Brain serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase 2, which is transcriptionally activated by vitamin D hormone. Inadequate levels of vitamin D (∼70% of the population) and omega-3 fatty acids are common, suggesting that brain serotonin synthesis is not optimal. We propose mechanisms by which EPA increases serotonin release from presynaptic neurons by reducing E2 series prostaglandins and DHA influences serotonin receptor action by increasing cell membrane fluidity in postsynaptic neurons. We propose a model whereby insufficient levels of vitamin D, EPA, or DHA, in combination with genetic factors and at key periods during development, would lead to dysfunctional serotonin activation and function and may be one underlying mechanism that contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders and depression. This model suggests that optimizing vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid intake may help prevent and modulate the severity of brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda P Patrick
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Bruce N Ames
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
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198
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Landheer J, Giovannone B, Sadekova S, Tjabringa S, Hofstra C, Dechering K, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C, Chang C, Ying Y, de Waal Malefyt R, Hijnen D, Knol E. TSLP is differentially regulated by vitamin D3 and cytokines in human skin. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:32-43. [PMID: 25866638 PMCID: PMC4386913 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in allergic diseases and is highly expressed in keratinocytes in human lesional atopic dermatitis (AD) skin. In nonlesional AD skin TSLP expression can be induced by applying house dust mite allergen onto the skin in the atopy patch test. Several studies have demonstrated that the induction of TSLP expression in mouse skin does not only lead to AD-like inflammation of the skin, but also predisposes to severe inflammation of the airways. In mice, TSLP expression can be induced by application of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) analogue calcipotriol and results in the development of eczema-like lesions. The objective is to investigate the effect of VD3 (calcitriol) or calcipotriol on TSLP expression in normal human skin and skin from AD patients. Using multiple ex vivo experimental setups, the effects of calci(po)triol on TSLP expression by normal human skin, and skin from AD patients were investigated and compared to effects of calcipotriol on mouse and non-human primates (NHP) skin. No induction of TSLP expression (mRNA or protein) was observed in human keratinocytes, normal human skin, nonlesional AD skin, or NHP skin samples after stimulation with calcipotriol or topical application of calcitriol. The biological activity of calci(po)triol in human skin samples was demonstrated by the increased expression of the VD3-responsive Cyp24a1 gene. TSLP expression was induced by cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α) in skin samples from all three species. In contrast to the findings in human and NHP, a consistent increase in TSLP expression was confirmed in mouse skin biopsies after stimulation with calcipotriol. VD3 failed to induce expression of TSLP in human or monkey skin in contrast to mouse, implicating careful extrapolation of this often-used mouse model to AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Landheer
- Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Giovannone
- Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Svetlana Sadekova
- Biologics Discovery, Merck Research LaboratoriesPalo Alto, California
| | - Sandra Tjabringa
- Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Hofstra
- Department of Immunology, Merck Sharpe and DohmeOss, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Dechering
- Department of Immunology, Merck Sharpe and DohmeOss, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Bruijnzeel-Koomen
- Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlie Chang
- Information Technology, Merck Research LaboratoriesPalo Alto, California
| | - Yu Ying
- Biologics Discovery, Merck Research LaboratoriesPalo Alto, California
| | - Rene de Waal Malefyt
- Biologics Discovery, Merck Research LaboratoriesPalo Alto, California
- Department of Immunology, Merck Research LaboratoriesPalo Alto, California
| | - DirkJan Hijnen
- Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, the Netherlands
- Correspondence:, DirkJan Hijnen, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands., Tel: +31 88 755 6284;, Fax: +31 88 755 5404;, E-mail:
| | - Edward Knol
- Department of Dermatology & Allergology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, the Netherlands
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199
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Souza Mario Bueno L, Rosset C, Aguiar E, Pereira FDS, Izetti Ribeiro P, Scalco R, Matzenbacher Bittar C, Brinckmann Oliveira Netto C, Gischkow Rucatti G, Chies JA, Camey SA, Ashton-Prolla P. Vitamin D Status and VDR Genotype in NF1 Patients: A Case-Control Study from Southern Brazil. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:402838. [PMID: 26161090 PMCID: PMC4487339 DOI: 10.1155/2015/402838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients are more likely to have vitamin D deficiency when compared to the general population. This study aimed to determine the levels of 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] in individuals with NF1 and disease-unaffected controls and analyze FokI and BsmI VDR gene polymorphisms in a case and in a control group. Vitamin D levels were compared between a group of 45 NF1 patients from Southern Brazil and 45 healthy controls matched by sex, skin type, and age. Genotypic and allelic frequencies of VDR gene polymorphisms were obtained from the same NF1 patients and 150 healthy controls. 25(OH)D deficiency or insufficiency was not more frequent in NF1 patients than in controls (p = 0.074). We also did not observe an association between FokI and BsmI VDR gene polymorphisms and vitamin D levels in NF1 patients, suggesting that their deficient or insufficient biochemical phenotypes are not associated with these genetic variants. The differences between the groups in genotypic and allelic frequencies for FokI and BsmI VDR gene polymorphisms were small and did not reach statistical significance. These polymorphisms are in partial linkage disequilibrium and the haplotype frequencies also did not differ in a significant way between the two groups (p = 0.613).
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Souza Mario Bueno
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- Hospital Metropolitano, Serra, ES, Brazil
| | - Clévia Rosset
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ernestina Aguiar
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Souza Pereira
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Izetti Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosana Scalco
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Matzenbacher Bittar
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Gischkow Rucatti
- Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Artur Chies
- Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- *Patricia Ashton-Prolla:
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200
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Association between VDR polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis disease: Systematic review and updated meta-analysis of case-control studies. Immunobiology 2014; 220:807-16. [PMID: 25577294 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been inconsistently investigated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, published studies demonstrated differences concerning design and effect size. A meta-analysis is necessary to determine the magnitude of the association between VDR polymorphisms and RA risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to quantify the magnitude of the association between TaqI, BsmI, and FokI VDR polymorphisms with RA risk. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search and meta-analysis of the literature were conducted. Analyses were performed in the random effects model by using recessive, dominant, codominant, homozygous, and allele contrast models. RESULTS A total of 1703 cases and 2635 controls in 12 case-control studies were included in the meta-analyses. Results indicated a significant association between TaqI polymorphism and RA disease in homozygous, codominant and allele contrast models (P=0.008, P=0.015, P=0.006 and P=0.002, respectively). Association between BsmI polymorphism and RA risk was marginal in the dominant, codominant and allele contrast models (P=0.057, P=0.071, and P=0.069, respectively). Te association between FokI polymorphism and RA risk was significant in the recessive, dominant and allele contrast models (P=0.045, P=0.027, and P=0.013, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that publication year, ethnicity, age, latitude, and estimated 25(OH)D levels influenced significantly the association between VDR polymorphisms and RA risk. CONCLUSION TaqI and FokI VDR polymorphisms contributed significantly to RA risk. Study characteristics influenced the association between VDR polymorphisms and RA disease.
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