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Dicks LMT, Deane SM, Grobbelaar MJ. Could the COVID-19-Driven Increased Use of Ivermectin Lead to Incidents of Imbalanced Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis? Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:217-223. [PMID: 35218001 PMCID: PMC8881049 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The microfilaricidal anthelmintic drug ivermectin (IVM) has been used since 1988 for treatment of parasitic infections in animals and humans. The discovery of IVM’s ability to inactivate the eukaryotic importin α/β1 heterodimer (IMPα/β1), used by some viruses to enter the nucleus of susceptible hosts, led to the suggestion of using the drug to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Since IVM has antibacterial properties, prolonged use may affect commensal gut microbiota. In this review, we investigate the antimicrobial properties of IVM, possible mode of activity, and the concern that treatment of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 may lead to dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
| | - Shelly M Deane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Matthew J Grobbelaar
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Erbach J, Bonn F, Diesner M, Arnold A, Stein J, Schröder O, Aksan A. Relevance of Biotin Deficiency in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Utility of Serum 3 Hydroxyisovaleryl Carnitine as a Practical Everyday Marker. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041118. [PMID: 35207391 PMCID: PMC8877558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, has demonstrable anti-inflammatory properties. A biotin-deficient diet induced a colitis-like phenotype in mice, alleviable by biotin substitution. Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis showed biotin deficiency and diminished levels of sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter, a protein involved in biotin absorption. Biotin substitution induced remission by reducing activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor involved in intestinal permeability and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated for the first time a possible clinical role of biotin status in IBD. Methods: In a comparative, retrospective, cross-sectional study, serum samples of 138 patients with IBD (67 female; 72 Crohn’s disease (CD), 66 ulcerative colitis (UC)) aged 18–65 years and with a mean age (±SD) of 42.5 ± 14.3 years as well as 80 healthy blood donors (40 female; 40.0 ± 10.0 years; range 20–60 years) were analyzed. Inflammation was defined as hsCRP ≥5 mg/L, and to determine biotin status, serum 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine (3HIVc) levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. Results: A total of 138 patients with IBD (67f; 72CD/66 UC; 42.5 ± 14.3 years) were enrolled: 83/138 had inflammation. Mean serum 3HIVc levels were significantly higher in IBD patients but unaffected by inflammation. Biotin deficiency (95th percentile of controls: >30 nmol/L 3HIVc) was significantly more common in IBD patients versus controls. Conclusion: High serum 3HIVc levels and biotin deficiency were associated with IBD but not inflammatory activity or disease type. Our findings suggest biotin may play a role as cause or effect in IBD pathogenesis. Routine assessment and supplementation of biotin may ameliorate IBD and support intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Erbach
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Florian Bonn
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Max Diesner
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Anne Arnold
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Jürgen Stein
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Oliver Schröder
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ayşegül Aksan
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Batista KS, Cintra VM, Lucena PAF, Manhães-de-Castro R, Toscano AE, Costa LP, Queiroz MEBS, de Andrade SM, Guzman-Quevedo O, Aquino JDS. The role of vitamin B12 in viral infections: a comprehensive review of its relationship with the muscle-gut-brain axis and implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:561-578. [PMID: 34791425 PMCID: PMC8689946 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review establishes the role of vitamin B12 as adjunct therapy for viral infections in the treatment and persistent symptoms of COVID-19, focusing on symptoms related to the muscle-gut-brain axis. Vitamin B12 can help balance immune responses to better fight viral infections. Furthermore, data from randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis indicate that vitamin B12 in the forms of methylcobalamin and cyanocobalamin may increase serum vitamin B12 levels, and resulted in decreased serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine concentrations, and decreased pain intensity, memory loss, and impaired concentration. Among studies, there is much variation in vitamin B12 doses, chemical forms, supplementation time, and administration routes. Larger randomized clinical trials of vitamin B12 supplementation and analysis of markers such as total vitamin B12, holotranscobalamin, total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, total folic acid, and, if possible, polymorphisms and methylation of genes need to be conducted with people with and without COVID-19 or who have had COVID-19 to facilitate the proper vitamin B12 form to be administered in individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila S Batista
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Vanessa M Cintra
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Paulo A F Lucena
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ana E Toscano
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Larissa P Costa
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Maria E B S Queiroz
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Suellen M de Andrade
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jailane de S Aquino
- K.S. Batista and J.d.S. Aquino are with the Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra and P.A.F Lucena are with the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Paraíba, and the Department of Nutrition, Integrated Colleges of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. V.M. Cintra is with the the Multiprofessional Residence in Child Health of Secretariat of Health of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. P.A.F Lucena is with Coordination of Neurology Services, Hospital Metropolitano Dom José Maria Pires, Santa Rita, Paraíba and Emergency, Trauma Hospital Senador Humberto Lucena, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro is with the Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. R. Manhães-de-Castro and A.E. Toscano are with the Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano is with the Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil. A.E. Toscano and O. Guzman-Quevedo are with the Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. L.P. Costa, M.E.B.S. Queirozj, and S.M. de Andrade are with the Ageing and Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Michoacán, Mexico. O. Guzman-Quevedo is with the Center for Biomedical Research of Michoacán, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Perez Visñuk D, Teran MDM, Savoy de Giori G, LeBlanc JG, de Moreno de LeBlanc A. Neuroprotective Effect of Riboflavin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria in Parkinsonian Models. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1269-1279. [PMID: 35113305 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes might contribute to the cascade of events leading Parkinson disease (PD); and vitamins such as riboflavin can exert protection on vulnerable neurons in neurodegenerative conditions. Previously, it was demonstrated that a mixture of lactic acid bacteria (including a riboflavin-producing strain) improved motor skills in a parkinsonian model. The aim of the present work was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum CRL2130, a riboflavin-producing strain in PD models. In vitro, N2a differentiated neurons were exposed the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and treated with intracellular bacterial extracts or commercial riboflavin. In vivo, adult male C57BL/6 mice were injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and probenecid, and received orally L. plantarum CRL2130, L. plantarum CRL725 (parent strain that produces low levels of riboflavin) or commercial vitamin. Results showed that when N2a cells were incubated with intracellular extract from L. plantarum CRL2130 maintained the viability, and significantly decreased the release of IL-6 and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), all affected by MPP+. In vivo, the administration of L. plantarum CRL2130 attenuated motor deficits and prevented dopaminergic neuronal death. Decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase of IL-10 in both serum and brain were observed in samples from mice that received L. plantarum CRL2130 compared to MPTP control group (without treatment). In addition, these beneficial effects were similar or improved when compared with animals that received commercial riboflavin. In conclusion, L. plantarum CRL2130 showed a neuroprotective effect in both PD models through anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Perez Visñuk
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Del Milagro Teran
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Savoy de Giori
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Microbiología Superior, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jean Guy LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Modulation of Fecal Metabolites by Heat Stress and Diet, and Their Association with Inflammation and Leaky Gut Markers in Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020142. [PMID: 35208216 PMCID: PMC8874496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of fecal metabolite profiles could provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying animal responses to environmental stressors and diet. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 14-day heat stress period and of dietary mineral and vitamin supplementation under heat stress on fecal metabolite profiles and to investigate their associations with physiological markers of heat stress, leaky gut, and inflammation in lactating dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (42.2 ± 5.6 kg milk/d; 83.4 ± 27.1 DIM) were enrolled in an experiment in a split-plot design. The main plot was the level of dietary vitamin E and Se, as follows: (1) low (L-ESe; 20 IU/kg vitamin E, 0.3 ppm Se) or (2) high (H-ESe 200 IU/kg vitamin E, 1.2 ppm Se). Within each plot, six cows were randomly assigned to either (1) heat stress (HS; Total Humidity Index (THI): 82), (2) pair-feeding in thermoneutrality (TNPF; THI = 64), or (3) HS with vitamin D3 and Ca supplementation (HS+DCa; 1820 IU/kg and 1.5% Ca; THI: 82) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 14-day periods and 7-day washouts. The concentrations of 94 metabolites were determined in fecal samples, including amino acids, fatty acids, biogenic amines, and vitamins. Relative to the L-ESe group, the H-ESe group increased α-tocopherol by threefold, whereas δ-tocopherol was decreased by 78% (PFDR < 0.01). Nevertheless, correlation analysis between α-tocopherol and all the others fecal metabolites or physiological heat stress measures did not show significant associations. No interactions between main plot and treatments were observed. Relative to TNPF, HS increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), milk somatic cell counts (SCC), respiratory rates, rectal temperatures, fecal tridecylic and myristic acids, vitamin B7, and retinol, whereas it decreased fecal amino acids such as histidine, methyl histidine, acetyl ornithine, and arginine (PFDR < 0.05). In contrast, HS+DCa increased fecal methyl histidine concentrations and reduced milk SCC, plasma TNF-α, and LBP, as well as rectal temperatures. Discriminant analysis revealed fecal histidine, taurine, acetyl ornithine, arginine, β-alanine, ornithine, butyric + iso-butyric acid, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, TNF-α, LBP, C-reactive protein, and milk SCC were predictive of HS. Several metabolites were predictive of HS+DCa, although only tryptophan was discriminant relative to HS. In conclusion, both heat stress and the supplementation of vitamin D3 and Ca can influence the fecal metabolome of dairy cows experiencing heat stress, independently of dietary levels of vitamin E and Se. Our results suggest that some fecal metabolites are well associated with physiological measures of heat stress and may thus provide insights into the gut-level changes taking place under heat stress in dairy cows.
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156
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Sabui S, Ramamoorthy K, Romero JM, Simoes RD, Fleckenstein JM, Said HM. Hypoxia inhibits colonic uptake of the microbiota-generated forms of vitamin B1 via HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional regulation of their transporters. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101562. [PMID: 34998824 PMCID: PMC8800108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia exerts profound effects on cell physiology, but its effect on colonic uptake of the microbiota-generated forms of vitamin B1 (i.e., thiamin pyrophosphate [TPP] and free thiamine) has not been described. Here, we used human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells and human differentiated colonoid monolayers as in vitro and ex vivo models, respectively, and were subjected to either chamber (1% O2, 5% CO2, and 94% N2) or chemically (desferrioxamine; 250 μM)-induced hypoxia followed by determination of different physiological-molecular parameters. We showed that hypoxia causes significant inhibition in TPP and free thiamin uptake by colonic NCM460 cells and colonoid monolayers; it also caused a significant reduction in the expression of TPP (SLC44A4) and free thiamin (SLC19A2 and SLC19A3) transporters and in activity of their gene promoters. Furthermore, hypoxia caused a significant induction in levels of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1α but not HIF-2α. Knocking down HIF-1α using gene-specific siRNAs in NCM460 cells maintained under hypoxic conditions, on the other hand, led to a significant reversal in the inhibitory effect of hypoxia on TPP and free thiamin uptake as well as on the expression of their transporters. Finally, a marked reduction in level of expression of the nuclear factors cAMP responsive element-binding protein 1 and gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor 4 (required for activity of SLC44A4 and SLC19A2 promoters, respectively) was observed under hypoxic conditions. In summary, hypoxia causes severe inhibition in colonic TPP and free thiamin uptake that is mediated at least in part via HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional mechanisms affecting their respective transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sabui
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UCI, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
| | | | - Jose M Romero
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Medicine, UCI, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rita D Simoes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James M Fleckenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UCI, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Medicine, UCI, Irvine, California, USA.
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157
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Sanchez JMS, DePaula-Silva AB, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108379. [PMID: 32156562 PMCID: PMC7483914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert S. Fujinami
- Corresponding author at: University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. (R.S. Fujinami)
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158
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Zhang F, Wan Y, Zuo T, Yeoh YK, Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhan H, Lu W, Xu W, Lui GC, Li AY, Cheung CP, Wong CK, Chan PK, Chan FK, Ng SC. Prolonged Impairment of Short-Chain Fatty Acid and L-Isoleucine Biosynthesis in Gut Microbiome in Patients With COVID-19. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:548-561.e4. [PMID: 34687739 PMCID: PMC8529231 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with altered gut microbiota composition. Phylogenetic groups of gut bacteria involved in the metabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were depleted in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We aimed to characterize a functional profile of the gut microbiome in patients with COVID-19 before and after disease resolution. METHODS We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on fecal samples from 66 antibiotics-naïve patients with COVID-19 and 70 non-COVID-19 controls. Serial fecal samples were collected (at up to 6 times points) during hospitalization and beyond 1 month after discharge. We assessed gut microbial pathways in association with disease severity and blood inflammatory markers. We also determined changes of microbial functions in fecal samples before and after disease resolution and validated these functions using targeted analysis of fecal metabolites. RESULTS Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients with COVID-19 with severe/critical illness showed significant alterations in gut microbiome functionality (P < .001), characterized by impaired capacity of gut microbiome for SCFA and L-isoleucine biosynthesis and enhanced capacity for urea production. Impaired SCFA and L-isoleucine biosynthesis in gut microbiome persisted beyond 30 days after recovery in patients with COVID-19. Targeted analysis of fecal metabolites showed significantly lower fecal concentrations of SCFAs and L-isoleucine in patients with COVID-19 before and after disease resolution. Lack of SCFA and L-isoleucine biosynthesis significantly correlated with disease severity and increased plasma concentrations of CXCL-10, NT- proB-type natriuretic peptide, and C-reactive protein (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiome of patients with COVID-19 displayed impaired capacity for SCFA and L-isoleucine biosynthesis that persisted even after disease resolution. These 2 microbial functions correlated with host immune response underscoring the importance of gut microbial functions in SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yating Wan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Kit Yeoh
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenqi Lu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenye Xu
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace C.Y. Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy Y.L. Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Pan Cheung
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K.S. Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis K.L. Chan
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C. Ng
- Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Siew C. Ng, PhD, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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159
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Zarei A, Javid H, Sanjarian S, Senemar S, Zarei H. Metagenomics studies for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 2022; 82:289-297. [PMID: 34855234 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mutation occurs in the prostate cell genes, leading to abnormal prostate proliferation and ultimately cancer. Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers amongst men, and its prevalence worldwide increases relative to men's age. About 16% of the world's cancers are the result of microbes in the human body. Impaired population balance of symbiosis microbes in the human reproductive system is linked to PC development. DISCUSSION With the advent of metagenomics science, the genome sequence of the microbiota of the human body has been unveiled. Therefore, it is now possible to identify a higher range of microbiome changes in PC tissue via the Next Generation Technique, which will have positive consequences in personalized medicine. In this review, we intend to question the role of metagenomics studies in the diagnosis and treatment of PC. CONCLUSION The microbial imbalance in the men's genital tract might have an effect on prostate health. Based on next-generation sequencing-generated data, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteriodetes are the nine frequent phyla detected in a PC sample, which might be involved in inducing mutation in the prostate cells that cause cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarei
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Sanjarian
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Senemar
- Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Zarei
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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160
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Agake SI, Plucani do Amaral F, Yamada T, Sekimoto H, Stacey G, Yokoyama T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Plant Growth-promoting Effects of Viable and Dead Spores of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 on Setaria viridis. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 35082177 PMCID: PMC8958298 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spores are a stress-resistant form of Bacillus spp., which include species that are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Previous studies showed that the inoculation of plants with vegetative cells or spores exerted different plant growth-promoting effects. To elucidate the spore-specific mechanism, we compared the effects of viable vegetative cells, autoclaved dead spores, and viable spores of Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 inoculated at 107 CFU plant–1 on the growth of the C4 model plant, Setaria viridis A10.1. B. pumilus TUAT1 spores exerted stronger growth-promoting effects on Setaria than on control plants 14 days after the inoculation. Viable spores increased shoot weight, root weight, shoot length, root length, and nitrogen uptake efficiency 21 days after the inoculation. These increases involved primary and crown root formation. Additionally, autoclaved dead spores inoculated at 108 or 109 CFU plant–1 had a positive impact on crown root differentiation, which increased total lateral root length, resulting in a greater biomass and more efficient nitrogen uptake. The present results indicate that an inoculation with viable spores of B. pumilus TUAT1 is more effective at enhancing the growth of Setaria than that with vegetative cells. The plant response to dead spores suggests that the spore-specific plant growth-promoting mechanism is at least partly independent of symbiotic colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Agake
- United Graduated School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | | | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | | | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Technology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri
| | | | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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161
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Bourgin M, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Immunostimulatory effects of vitamin B5 improve anticancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2031500. [PMID: 35096488 PMCID: PMC8794238 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B5 (panthotenic acid), the precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), is contained in most food items and is produced by the intestinal microbiota. A recent study published in Cell Metabolism reports that vitamin B5 and CoA favor the differentiation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells into interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing Tc22 cells, likely through fueling mitochondrial metabolism. Importantly, in a small cohort of melanoma patients, the plasma levels of vitamin B5 positively correlate with responses to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Moreover, in mice, supplementation with vitamin B5 increases the efficacy of PD-L1-targeted cancer immunotherapy, and in vitro culture of T cells with CoA enhances their antitumor activity upon adoptive transfer into mice. These finding suggest that vitamin B5 is yet another B vitamin that stimulates anti-cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bourgin
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP,Paris, France
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162
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Hrubša M, Siatka T, Nejmanová I, Vopršalová M, Kujovská Krčmová L, Matoušová K, Javorská L, Macáková K, Mercolini L, Remião F, Máťuš M, Mladěnka P. Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B 1, B 2, B 3, and B 5. Nutrients 2022; 14:484. [PMID: 35276844 PMCID: PMC8839250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (M.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Tomáš Siatka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Iveta Nejmanová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Vopršalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (M.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUINTE, Toxicology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Department Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marek Máťuš
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (M.V.); (P.M.)
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163
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Bell KJ, Saad S, Tillett BJ, McGuire HM, Bordbar S, Yap YA, Nguyen LT, Wilkins MR, Corley S, Brodie S, Duong S, Wright CJ, Twigg S, de St Groth BF, Harrison LC, Mackay CR, Gurzov EN, Hamilton-Williams EE, Mariño E. Metabolite-based dietary supplementation in human type 1 diabetes is associated with microbiota and immune modulation. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:9. [PMID: 35045871 PMCID: PMC8772108 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiota have beneficial anti-inflammatory and gut homeostasis effects and prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D) in mice. Reduced SCFA production indicates a loss of beneficial bacteria, commonly associated with chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including T1D and type 2 diabetes. Here, we addressed whether a metabolite-based dietary supplement has an impact on humans with T1D. We conducted a single-arm pilot-and-feasibility trial with high-amylose maize-resistant starch modified with acetate and butyrate (HAMSAB) to assess safety, while monitoring changes in the gut microbiota in alignment with modulation of the immune system status. RESULTS HAMSAB supplement was administered for 6 weeks with follow-up at 12 weeks in adults with long-standing T1D. Increased concentrations of SCFA acetate, propionate, and butyrate in stools and plasma were in concert with a shift in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. While glucose control and insulin requirements did not change, subjects with the highest SCFA concentrations exhibited the best glycemic control. Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and vitamin B7 production correlated with lower HbA1c and basal insulin requirements. Circulating B and T cells developed a more regulatory phenotype post-intervention. CONCLUSION Changes in gut microbiota composition, function, and immune profile following 6 weeks of HAMSAB supplementation were associated with increased SCFAs in stools and plasma. The persistence of these effects suggests that targeting dietary SCFAs may be a mechanism to alter immune profiles, promote immune tolerance, and improve glycemic control for the treatment of T1D. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12618001391268. Registered 20 August 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375792 Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine J Bell
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bree J Tillett
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Sara Bordbar
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Yu Anne Yap
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Susan Corley
- Systems Biology Initiative, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Shannon Brodie
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Sussan Duong
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Courtney J Wright
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Twigg
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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164
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Do gastrointestinal microbiomes play a role in bats' unique viral hosting capacity? Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:632-642. [PMID: 35034797 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs for zoonotic viruses, which they tolerate without experiencing disease. Research focused on deciphering mechanisms of virus tolerance in bats has rarely considered the influence of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome. In mammals, GIT microbiomes influence infections through their effect on host physiology, immunity, nutrition, and behavior. Bat GIT microbiomes more closely resemble the Proteobacteria-dominated GIT microbiomes of birds than those of other mammals. As an adaptation to flight, bats have rapid GIT transit times which may reduce the stability of their microbiome, constrain nutrient uptake, and affect pathogen exposure and evolution of tolerance mechanisms. Experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to understand the function of bats' GIT microbiomes and their role in modulating viral infection dynamics.
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165
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Grujović MŽ, Mladenović KG, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Laranjo M, Stefanović OD, Kocić-Tanackov SD. Advantages and disadvantages of non-starter lactic acid bacteria from traditional fermented foods: Potential use as starters or probiotics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1537-1567. [PMID: 35029033 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditional fermented foods are a significant source of starter and/or non-starter lactic acid bacteria (nsLAB). Moreover, these microorganisms are also known for their role as probiotics. The potential of nsLAB is huge; however, there are still challenges to be overcome with respect to characterization and application. In the present review, the most important steps that autochthonous lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented foods need to overcome, to qualify as novel starter cultures, or as probiotics, in food technology and biotechnology, are considered. These different characterization steps include precise identification, detection of health-promoting properties, and safety evaluation. Each of these features is strain specific and needs to be accurately determined. This review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of nsLAB, isolated from traditional fermented foods, discussing safety aspects and sensory impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Ž Grujović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Katarina G Mladenović
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Laranjo
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Olgica D Stefanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sunčica D Kocić-Tanackov
- Department of Food Preservation Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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166
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Ortega MA, Alvarez-Mon MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Guijarro LG, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Valls P, Mora F, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Quintero J, Álvarez-Mon M. Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder-Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010050. [PMID: 35050172 PMCID: PMC8778125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of the organism, affecting the health and disease status of the individuals. There is continuous and bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the host, conforming to a unique entity known as "holobiont". Among these crosstalk mechanisms, the gut microbiota synthesizes a broad spectrum of bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on the human organism. Many of these microbial metabolites can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or have significant effects on the brain, playing a key role in the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a major characteristic of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences between gut eubiosis and dysbiosis in mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition and concentrations are being discussed. In the present review, the main microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino acids, tryptophan -trp- derivatives, and more), their signaling pathways and functions will be summarized to explain part of MDD pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related to microbial metabolome will be addressed in more depth to discuss their possible clinical value in the management of MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paula Valls
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
| | - Fernando Mora
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (M.A.O.); (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (P.V.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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167
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Grabež V, Egelandsdal B, Cruz A, Hallenstvedt E, Mydland LT, Alvseike O, Kåsin K, Ruud L, Karlsen V, Øverland M. Understanding metabolic phenomena accompanying high levels of yeast in broiler chicken diets and resulting carcass weight and meat quality changes. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101749. [PMID: 35288371 PMCID: PMC8920926 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of yeast as a protein source was investigated in broiler chicken diets on carcass quality, storage stability, and metabolite changes in leg meat. Male Ross 308 chickens (n = 100) were fed with one of 5 diets: control, control added 0.6% formic acid, or 3 diets where soybean meal was substituted with 10, 20, and 30% crude protein from inactivated yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ10, CJ20, CJ30, respectively). The yeast-containing diets reduced carcass weight, linoleic acid, and warm-over flavor in chicken leg meat. Protein degradation-related metabolite biomarkers were upregulated in the leg of chickens that were fed yeast-containing diets, indicating an adaptive response to the loss of appetite. Chill-stored leg meat of birds fed yeast diets showed increased browning and metallic taste compared with those fed the control diet. The use of formic acid in the diet reduced cooking loss and had a positive effect on vitamin B content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Grabež
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Bjørg Egelandsdal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ana Cruz
- Felleskjøpet Fôrutvikling AS, NO-7018, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Karoline Kåsin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Lene Ruud
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Victoria Karlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
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168
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Baral T, Kurian SJ, Sekhar M. S, Munisamy M, Kudru CU, Khandelwal B, Banerjee M, Mukhopadhyay C, Saravu K, Singh J, Singh S, Rao M. Role of the gut microbiome and probiotics for prevention and management of tuberculosis. MICROBIOME, IMMUNITY, DIGESTIVE HEALTH AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822238-6.00036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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169
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Rath E, Haller D. Intestinal epithelial cell metabolism at the interface of microbial dysbiosis and tissue injury. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:595-604. [PMID: 35534699 PMCID: PMC9259489 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium represents the most regenerative tissue in the human body, located in proximity to the dense and functionally diverse microbial milieu of the microbiome. Episodes of tissue injury and incomplete healing of the intestinal epithelium are a prerequisite for immune reactivation and account for recurrent, chronically progressing phenotypes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated changes in intestinal epithelial functions are emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of IBD, suggesting impaired metabolic flexibility of epithelial cells affects the regenerative capacity of the intestinal tissue. Next to rendering the intestinal mucosa susceptible to inflammatory triggers, metabolic reprogramming of the epithelium is implicated in shaping adverse microbial environments. In this review, we introduce the concept of "metabolic injury" as a cell autonomous mechanism of tissue wounding in response to mitochondrial perturbation. Furthermore, we highlight epithelial metabolism as intersection of microbiome, immune cells and epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rath
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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170
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Alam MJ, Puppala V, Uppulapu SK, Das B, Banerjee SK. Human microbiome and cardiovascular diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:231-279. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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171
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Microbes and geriatric mental health: past, present, and future. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:3-5. [PMID: 33926593 PMCID: PMC8556388 DOI: 10.1017/s104161022100065x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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172
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SUSAI N, KUROITA T, KURONUMA K, YOSHIOKA T. Analysis of the gut microbiome to validate a mouse model of pellagra. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:73-82. [PMID: 35433165 PMCID: PMC8970653 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi SUSAI
- Translational Research Unit, Infectious Disease Marker, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tomohiro KUROITA
- Translational Research Unit, Infectious Disease Marker, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Koji KURONUMA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1 W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi YOSHIOKA
- Translational Research Unit, Infectious Disease Marker, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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173
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Nair T, Chakraborty R, Singh P, Rahman SS, Bhaskar AK, Sengupta S, Mukhopadhyay A. Adaptive capacity to dietary Vitamin B12 levels is maintained by a gene-diet interaction that ensures optimal life span. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13518. [PMID: 35032420 PMCID: PMC8761004 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet regulates complex life-history traits such as longevity. For optimal lifespan, organisms employ intricate adaptive mechanisms whose molecular underpinnings are less known. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans FLR-4 kinase prevents lifespan differentials on the bacterial diet having higher Vitamin B12 levels. The flr-4 mutants are more responsive to the higher B12 levels of Escherichia coli HT115 diet, and consequently, have enhanced flux through the one-carbon cycle. Mechanistically, a higher level of B12 transcriptionally downregulates the phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase pmt-2 gene, which modulates phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels. Pmt-2 downregulation activates cytoprotective gene expression through the p38-MAPK pathway, leading to increased lifespan only in the mutant. Evidently, preventing bacterial B12 uptake or inhibiting one-carbon metabolism reverses all the above phenotypes. Conversely, supplementation of B12 to E. coli OP50 or genetically reducing PC levels in the OP50-fed mutant extends lifespan. Together, we reveal how worms maintain adaptive capacity to diets having varying micronutrient content to ensure a normal lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Nair
- Molecular Aging LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rahul Chakraborty
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | - Praveen Singh
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | | | - Akash Kumar Bhaskar
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadIndia
| | | | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Molecular Aging LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
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174
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Costa CP, Patinha S, Rudnitskaya A, Santos SAO, Silvestre AJD, Rocha SM. Sustainable Valorization of Sambucus nigra L. Berries: From Crop Biodiversity to Nutritional Value of Juice and Pomace. Foods 2021; 11:104. [PMID: 35010230 PMCID: PMC8750068 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of dietary and ecological biodiversity, namely by exploring autochthonous varieties, is a key point to the construction of a more sustainable food system and planetary health. However, the environmental sustainability continues to face huge challenges, reflecting the importance of achieving a better understanding about the functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems. Thus, the main objective of this research is to contribute to the sustainable valorization of Sambucus nigra L. berries through a comprehensive approach to evaluate the effects of elderberry's cultivar, harvest year, and plantation field on the physicochemical berry composition. Moreover, the nutritional value of elderberry juice and respective dried pomace was determined. This complementary information is of huge utility for the rational and, as much as possible, integral use of elderberries. The harvest year, followed by field and the interaction of harvest × field, accounted for the highest impact on the berry's physicochemical parameters, indicating the importance of the combined impact of the macro- and mesoclimate conditions on plant metabolism. Elderberry juice and dried pomace are a good source of carbohydrates (ca. 12 and 82%, respectively) and have low amounts of fat (≤2.5%), making them low-energy foods. Dried pomace may also represent a potential alternative source of vegetal protein (ca. 6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Pedrosa Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Samuel Patinha
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.P.); (S.A.O.S.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Alisa Rudnitskaya
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Sónia A. O. Santos
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.P.); (S.A.O.S.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.P.); (S.A.O.S.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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175
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Toledano JM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Puche-Juarez M, Ochoa JJ, Diaz-Castro J. Implications of Vitamins in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment through Immunomodulatory and Anti-Oxidative Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010005. [PMID: 35052509 PMCID: PMC8773198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its announcement as a global pandemic, the search for prophylactic and therapeutic options have become a priority for governments and the scientific community. The approval of several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is being crucial to overcome this situation, although the victory will not be achieved while the whole population worldwide is not protected against the virus. This is why alternatives should be studied in order to successfully support the immune system before and during a possible infection. An optimal inflammatory and oxidative stress status depends on an adequate diet. Poor levels of several nutrients could be related to an impaired immune response and, therefore, an increased susceptibility to infection and serious outcomes. Vitamins exert a number of anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, which can be of use to fight against this and several other diseases (especially vitamin D and C). Even though they cannot be considered as a definitive therapeutic option, in part owing to the lack of solid conclusions from well-designed clinical trials, currently available evidence from similar respiratory diseases may indicate that it would be rational to deeply explore the use of vitamins during this global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - María Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
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176
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Mehta A, Kumar Ratre Y, Sharma K, Soni VK, Tiwari AK, Singh RP, Dwivedi MK, Chandra V, Prajapati SK, Shukla D, Vishvakarma NK. Interplay of Nutrition and Psychoneuroendocrineimmune Modulation: Relevance for COVID-19 in BRICS Nations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:769884. [PMID: 34975797 PMCID: PMC8718880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.769884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of COVID-19 are not limited to physical health deterioration; the impact on neuropsychological well-being is also substantially reported. The inter-regulation of physical health and psychological well-being through the psychoneuroendocrineimmune (PNEI) axis has enduring consequences in susceptibility, treatment outcome as well as recuperation. The pandemic effects are upsetting the lifestyle, social interaction, and financial security; and also pose a threat through perceived fear. These consequences of COVID-19 also influence the PNEI system and wreck the prognosis. The nutritional status of individuals is also reported to have a determinative role in COVID-19 severity and convalescence. In addition to energetic demand, diet also provides precursor substances [amino acids (AAs), vitamins, etc.] for regulators of the PNEI axis such as neurotransmitters (NTs) and immunomodulators. Moreover, exaggerated immune response and recovery phase of COVID-19 demand additional nutrient intake; widening the gap of pre-existing undernourishment. Mushrooms, fresh fruits and vegetables, herbs and spices, and legumes are few of such readily available food ingredients which are rich in protein and also have medicinal benefits. BRICS nations have their influences on global development and are highly impacted by a large number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. The adequacy and access to healthcare are also low in BRICS nations as compared to the rest of the world. Attempt to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are praiseworthy in BRICS nations. However, large population sizes, high prevalence of undernourishment (PoU), and high incidence of mental health ailments in BRICS nations provide a suitable landscape for jeopardy of COVID-19. Therefore, appraising the interplay of nutrition and PNEI modulation especially in BRICS countries will provide better understanding; and will aid in combat COVID-19. It can be suggested that the monitoring will assist in designing adjunctive interventions through medical nutrition therapy and psychopsychiatric management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Krishna Sharma
- Department of Psychology, Government Bilasa Girls Post Graduate Autonomous College, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Atul Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Bhanwar Singh Porte Government Science College, Pendra, India
| | - Rajat Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Mrigendra Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Nagarjuna Post Graduate College of Science, Raipur, India
| | - Vikas Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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177
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Wurster JI, Peterson RL, Brown CE, Penumutchu S, Guzior DV, Neugebauer K, Sano WH, Sebastian MM, Quinn RA, Belenky P. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia alters the cecal metabolome and exacerbates antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110113. [PMID: 34910917 PMCID: PMC8722030 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established in the microbiome field that antibiotic (ATB) use and metabolic disease both impact the structure and function of the gut microbiome. But how host and microbial metabolism interacts with ATB susceptibility to affect the resulting dysbiosis remains poorly understood. In a streptozotocin-induced model of hyperglycemia (HG), we use a combined metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic approach to profile changes in microbiome taxonomic composition, transcriptional activity, and metabolite abundance both pre- and post-ATB challenge. We find that HG impacts both microbiome structure and metabolism, ultimately increasing susceptibility to amoxicillin. HG exacerbates drug-induced dysbiosis and increases both phosphotransferase system activity and energy catabolism compared to controls. Finally, HG and ATB co-treatment increases pathogen susceptibility and reduces survival in a Salmonella enterica infection model. Our data demonstrate that induced HG is sufficient to modify the cecal metabolite pool, worsen the severity of ATB dysbiosis, and decrease colonization resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna I Wurster
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Rachel L Peterson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Claire E Brown
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Swathi Penumutchu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Douglas V Guzior
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kerri Neugebauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - William H Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Manu M Sebastian
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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178
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Hosain MZ, Islam SMS, Kamal MM. Development of a rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of water-soluble vitamins in veterinary feed premix. Vet World 2021; 14:3084-3090. [PMID: 35153396 PMCID: PMC8829401 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3084-3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Determination of trace amounts of vitamins in multi-component feed premix is a troublesome analytical procedure. In this study, a simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the concurrent detection and quantitation of four water-soluble vitamins such as thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin in veterinary feed premixes. Materials and Methods: The chromatographic separation of the vitamins was carried out at 35°C temperature on a reversed-phase C18 column using a gradient pump mode. Mobile phase constituents were solvent (a): 25 mM Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5 mM sodium hexanesulfonate in deionized water having pH-4.0 and solvent and (b) 5 mM sodium hexanesulfonate in methanol. Detection was performed with HPLC ultraviolet/visible detection set at 278 and 361 nm wavelength in two different channels. The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min and the total run time was 25 min. Results: The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization and Food and Drug Administration guidelines and acceptance criteria for system suitability, precision, linearity, and recovery were met in all cases. The relative standard deviation for system suitability and precision was <2% for all vitamins. The linearity of the calibration curves was excellent (R2>0.999) at concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 μg/mL for all vitamins. The limits of detection values were 0.0125, 0.0017, 0.0064, and 0.0065 μg/mL for thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin, respectively, and the limits of quantification values were 0.0378, 0.0051, 0.0213, and 0.0198 μg/mL for thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin, respectively. The recovery percentages ranged from 88% to 115%. Conclusion: The overall parameters of the proposed method met the validation criteria and this method could be a highly desirable technique for routine analysis of water-soluble vitamins in veterinary feed premix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Zahangir Hosain
- Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka-1343, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Shariful Islam
- Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka-1343, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mostofa Kamal
- Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka-1343, Bangladesh
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179
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Zhao X, Karpac J. Glutamate metabolism directs energetic trade-offs to shape host-pathogen susceptibility in Drosophila. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2428-2444.e8. [PMID: 34710355 PMCID: PMC9153082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Individual hosts within populations often show inter-individual variation in their susceptibility to bacterial pathogen-related diseases. Utilizing Drosophila, we highlight that phenotypic variation in host-pathogen susceptibility within populations is driven by energetic trade-offs, facilitated by infection-mediated changes in glutamate metabolism. Furthermore, host-pathogen susceptibility is conditioned by life history, which adjusts immunometabolic sensing in muscles to direct vitamin-dependent reallocation of host energy substrates from the adipose tissue (i.e., a muscle-adipose tissue axis). Life history conditions inter-individual variation in the activation strength of intra-muscular NF-κB signaling. Limited intra-muscular NF-κB signaling activity allows for enhanced infection-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and function, which stimulates glutamate dehydrogenase-dependent synthesis of glutamate. Muscle-derived glutamate acts as a systemic metabolite to promote lipid mobilization through modulating vitamin B enzymatic cofactor transport and function in the adipose tissue. This energy substrate reallocation improves pathogen clearance and boosts host survival. Finally, life history events that adjust energetic trade-offs can shape inter-individual variation in host-pathogen susceptibility after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Jason Karpac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
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180
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Gut Microbial Metabolite-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Barrier in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124259. [PMID: 34959809 PMCID: PMC8704337 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The disease has a multifactorial aetiology, involving genetic, microbial as well as environmental factors. The disease pathogenesis operates at the host-microbe interface in the gut. The intestinal epithelium plays a central role in IBD disease pathogenesis. Apart from being a physical barrier, the epithelium acts as a node that integrates environmental, dietary, and microbial cues to calibrate host immune response and maintain homeostasis in the gut. IBD patients display microbial dysbiosis in the gut, combined with an increased barrier permeability that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Metabolites produced by microbes in the gut are dynamic indicators of diet, host, and microbial interplay in the gut. Microbial metabolites are actively absorbed or diffused across the intestinal lining to affect the host response in the intestine as well as at systemic sites via the engagement of cognate receptors. In this review, we summarize insights from metabolomics studies, uncovering the dynamic changes in gut metabolite profiles in IBD and their importance as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. We focus on gut microbial metabolites as key regulators of the intestinal barrier and their role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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181
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Cena H, Fiechtner L, Vincenti A, Magenes VC, De Giuseppe R, Manuelli M, Zuccotti GV, Calcaterra V. COVID-19 Pandemic as Risk Factors for Excessive Weight Gain in Pediatrics: The Role of Changes in Nutrition Behavior. A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4255. [PMID: 34959805 PMCID: PMC8707175 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social isolation, semi-lockdown, and "stay at home" orders were imposed upon the population in the interest of infection control. This dramatically changes the daily routine of children and adolescents, with a large impact on lifestyle and wellbeing. Children with obesity have been shown to be at a higher risk of negative lifestyle changes and weight gain during lockdown. Obesity and COVID-19 negatively affect children and adolescents' wellbeing, with adverse effects on psychophysical health, due in large part to food choices, snacking between meals, and comfort eating. Moreover, a markable decrease in physical activity levels and an increase in sedentary behavior is associated with weight gain, especially in children with excessive weight. In addition, obesity is the most common comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19, suggesting that immune dysregulation, metabolic unbalance, inadequate nutritional status, and dysbiosis are key factors in the complex mechanistic and clinical interplay between obesity and COVID-19. This narrative review aims to describe the most up-to-date evidence on the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and adolescents, focusing on the role of excessive weight and weight gain in pediatrics. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us that nutrition education interventions, access to healthy food, as well as family nutrition counselling should be covered by pediatric services to prevent obesity, which worsens disease outcomes related to COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellas Cena
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); or (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Lauren Fiechtner
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Pediatric Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alessandra Vincenti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.)
| | | | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Matteo Manuelli
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.C.); or (M.M.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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182
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Kumar RR, Singh L, Thakur A, Singh S, Kumar B. Role of Vitamins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:766-773. [PMID: 34802410 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211119122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamins are the micronutrients required for boosting the immune system and managing any future infection. Vitamins are involved in neurogenesis, a defense mechanism working in neurons, metabolic reactions, neuronal survival, and neuronal transmission. Their deficiency leads to abnormal functions in the brain like oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of proteins (synuclein, Aβ plaques), neurodegeneration, and excitotoxicity. METHODS In this review, we have compiled various reports collected from PubMed, Scholar Google, Research gate, and Science direct. The findings were evaluated, compiled, and represented in this manuscript. CONCLUSION The deficiency of vitamins in the body causes various neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and depression. We have discussed the role of vitamins in neurological disorders and the normal human body. Depression is linked to a deficiency of vitamin-C and vitamin B. In the case of Alzheimer's disease, there is a lack of vitamin-B1, B12, and vitamin-A, which results in Aβ-plaques. Similarly, in Parkinson's disease, vitamin-D deficiency leads to a decrease in the level of dopamine, and imbalance in vitamin D leads to accumulation of synuclein. In MS, Vitamin-C and Vitamin-D deficiency causes demyelination of neurons. In Huntington's disease, vitamin- C deficiency decreases the antioxidant level, enhances oxidative stress, and disrupts the glucose cycle. Vitamin B5 deficiency in Huntington's disease disrupts the synthesis of acetylcholine and hormones in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Lovekesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031. Taiwan
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab. India
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183
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AGE/Non-AGE Glycation: An Important Event in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology. Inflammation 2021; 45:477-496. [PMID: 34787800 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune disease that gradually affects the synovial membrane and joints. Many intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors are crucial in making RA pathology challenging throughout the disease. Substantial enzymatic or non-enzymatic modification of proteins driving inflammation has gained a lot of interest in recent years. Endogenously modified glycated protein influences disease development linked with AGEs/non-AGEs and is reported as a disease marker. In this review, we summarized current knowledge of the differential abundance of glycated proteins by compiling and analyzing a variety of AGE and non-AGE ligands that bind with RAGE to activate multi-faceted inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways that are pathobiologically associated with RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). It is critical to comprehend the connection between oxidative stress and inflammation generation, mediated by glycated protein, which may bind to the receptor RAGE, activate downstream pathways, and impart immunogenicity in RA. It is worth noting that AGEs and non-AGEs ligands play a variety of functions, and their functionality is likely to be more reliant on pathogenic states and severity that may serve as biomarkers for RA. Screening and monitoring of these differentially glycated proteins, as well as their stability in circulation, in combination with established pre-clinical characteristics, may aid or predict the onset of RA.
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184
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Allison J, Kaliszewska A, Uceda S, Reiriz M, Arias N. Targeting DNA Methylation in the Adult Brain through Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113979. [PMID: 34836233 PMCID: PMC8618930 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and nutrition have a significant role in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, which can influence gene expression. Recently, it has been suggested that bioactive nutrients and gut microbiota can alter DNA methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut-brain axis, playing a crucial role in modulating CNS functions and, finally, behavior. Here, we will focus on the effect of metabolic signals in shaping brain DNA methylation during adulthood. We will provide an overview of potential interactions among diet, gastrointestinal microbiome and epigenetic alterations on brain methylation and behavior. In addition, the impact of different diet challenges on cytosine methylation dynamics in the adult brain will be discussed. Finally, we will explore new ways to modulate DNA hydroxymethylation, which is particularly abundant in neural tissue, through diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Allison
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kaliszewska
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Sara Uceda
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuel Reiriz
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
| | - Natalia Arias
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-452-1101
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185
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Logan IE, Shulzhenko N, Sharpton TJ, Bobe G, Liu K, Nuss S, Jones ML, Miranda CL, Vasquez-Perez S, Pennington JM, Leonard SW, Choi J, Wu W, Gurung M, Kim JP, Lowry MB, Morgun A, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Xanthohumol Requires the Intestinal Microbiota to Improve Glucose Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100389. [PMID: 34496124 PMCID: PMC8571065 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The polyphenol xanthohumol (XN) improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity animal models. Because XN changes intestinal microbiota composition, the study hypothesizes that XN requires the microbiota to mediate its benefits. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the hypothesis, the study feeds conventional and germ-free male Swiss Webster mice either a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat derived calories), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat derived calories), or a high-fat diet supplemented with XN at 60 mg kg-1 body weight per day (HXN) for 10 weeks, and measure parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. In conventional mice, the study discovers XN supplementation decreases plasma insulin concentrations and improves Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). In germ-free mice, XN supplementation fails to improve these outcomes. Fecal sample 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis suggests XN supplementation changes microbial composition and dramatically alters the predicted functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota metabolizes XN into bioactive compounds, including dihydroxanthohumol (DXN), an anti-obesogenic compound with improved bioavailability. CONCLUSION XN requires the intestinal microbiota to mediate its benefits, which involves complex diet-host-microbiota interactions with changes in both microbial composition and functional capacity. The study results warrant future metagenomic studies which will provide insight into complex microbe-microbe interactions and diet-host-microbiota interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle E Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kitty Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Stephanie Nuss
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Megan L Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | | | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Manoj Gurung
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Joyce P Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Unraveling the Microbiome of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Insights in Novel Microbial and Metabolomic Biomarkers. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0117621. [PMID: 34704805 PMCID: PMC8549755 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01176-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is among the most relevant gastrointestinal diseases affecting mostly prematurely born infants with low birth weight. While intestinal dysbiosis has been proposed as one of the possible factors involved in NEC pathogenesis, the role of the gut microbiota remains poorly understood. In this study, the gut microbiota of preterm infants was explored to highlight differences in the composition between infants affected by NEC and infants prior to NEC development. A large-scale gut microbiome analysis was performed, including 47 shotgun sequencing data sets generated in the framework of this study, along with 124 retrieved from publicly available repositories. Meta-analysis led to the identification of preterm community state types (PT-CSTs), which recur in healthy controls and NEC infants. Such analyses revealed an overgrowth of a range of opportunistic microbial species accompanying the loss of gut microbial biodiversity in NEC subjects. Moreover, longitudinal insights into preterm infants prior to NEC development indicated Clostridium neonatale and Clostridium perfringens species as potential biomarkers for predictive early diagnosis of this disease. Furthermore, functional investigation of the enzymatic reaction profiles associated with pre-NEC condition suggested DL-lactate as a putative metabolic biomarker for early detection of NEC onset. IMPORTANCE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease occurring predominantly in premature infants whose etiology is still not fully understood. In this study, the analysis of infant fecal samples through shotgun metagenomics approaches revealed a marked reduction of the intestinal (bio)diversity and an overgrowth of (opportunistic) pathogens associated with the NEC development. In particular, dissection of the infant’s gut microbiome before NEC diagnosis highlighted the potential involvement of Clostridium genus members in the progression of NEC. Remarkably, our analyses highlighted a gastrointestinal DL-lactate accumulation among NEC patients that might represent a novel potential functional biomarker for the early diagnosis of NEC.
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187
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Goncharova PS, Davydova TK, Popova TE, Novitsky MA, Petrova MM, Gavrilyuk OA, Al-Zamil M, Zhukova NG, Nasyrova RF, Shnayder NA. Nutrient Effects on Motor Neurons and the Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:3804. [PMID: 34836059 PMCID: PMC8622539 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease with the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the motor cortex and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and the brain stem. The etiology and pathogenesis of ALS are being actively studied, but there is still no single concept. The study of ALS risk factors can help to understand the mechanism of this disease development and, possibly, slow down the rate of its progression in patients and also reduce the risk of its development in people with a predisposition toward familial ALS. The interest of researchers and clinicians in the protective role of nutrients in the development of ALS has been increasing in recent years. However, the role of some of them is not well-understood or disputed. The objective of this review is to analyze studies on the role of nutrients as environmental factors affecting the risk of developing ALS and the rate of motor neuron degeneration progression. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Springer, Clinical keys, Google Scholar, and E-Library databases for publications using keywords and their combinations. We analyzed all the available studies published in 2010-2020. DISCUSSION We analyzed 39 studies, including randomized clinical trials, clinical cases, and meta-analyses, involving ALS patients and studies on animal models of ALS. This review demonstrated that the following vitamins are the most significant protectors of ALS development: vitamin B12, vitamin E > vitamin C > vitamin B1, vitamin B9 > vitamin D > vitamin B2, vitamin B6 > vitamin A, and vitamin B7. In addition, this review indicates that the role of foods with a high content of cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, urates, and purines plays a big part in ALS development. CONCLUSION The inclusion of vitamins and a ketogenic diet in disease-modifying ALS therapy can reduce the progression rate of motor neuron degeneration and slow the rate of disease progression, but the approach to nutrient selection must be personalized. The roles of vitamins C, D, and B7 as ALS protectors need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina S. Goncharova
- Center of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (P.S.G.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Tatiana K. Davydova
- Center of Neurogenerative Disorders, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (T.K.D.); (T.E.P.)
| | - Tatiana E. Popova
- Center of Neurogenerative Disorders, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (T.K.D.); (T.E.P.)
| | - Maxim A. Novitsky
- Center of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (P.S.G.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Marina M. Petrova
- Center for Collective Using “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (O.A.G.)
| | - Oksana A. Gavrilyuk
- Center for Collective Using “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (O.A.G.)
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia G. Zhukova
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- Center of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (P.S.G.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Natalia A. Shnayder
- Center of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (P.S.G.); (M.A.N.)
- Center for Collective Using “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (M.M.P.); (O.A.G.)
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Zarei M, Rahimi K, Hassanzadeh K, Abdi M, Hosseini V, Fathi A, Kakaei K. From the environment to the cells: An overview on pivotal factors which affect spreading and infection in COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111555. [PMID: 34197816 PMCID: PMC8236413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several factors ranging from environmental risks to the genetics of the virus and that of the hosts, affect the spread of COVID-19. The impact of physicochemical variables on virus vitality and spread should be taken into account in experimental and clinical studies. Another avenue to explore is the effect of diet and its interaction with the immune system on SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality rate. Past year have witnessed extensive studies on virus and pathophysiology of the COVID-19 disease and the cellular mechanisms of virus spreading. However, our knowledge has not reached a level where we plan an efficient therapeutic approach to prevent the virus entry to the cells or decreasing the spreading and morbidity in severe cases of disease. The risk of infection directly correlates with the control of virus spreading via droplets and aerosol transmission, as well as patient immune system response. A key goal in virus restriction and transmission rate is to understand the physicochemical structure of aerosol and droplet formation, and the parameters that affect the droplet-borne and airborne in different environmental conditions. The lifetime of droplets on different surfaces is described based on the contact angle. Hereby, we recommend regular use of high-quality face masks in high temperature and low humidity conditions. However, in humid and cold weather conditions, wearing gloves and frequently hand washing, gain a higher priority. Additionally, social distancing rules should be respected in all aforementioned conditions. We will also discuss different routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cells and how multiple genetic factors play a role in the spread of the virus. Given the role of environmental and nutritional factors, we discuss and recommend some strategies to prevent the disease and protect the population against COVID-19. Since an effective vaccine can prevent the transmission of communicable diseases and abolish pandemics, we added a brief review of candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Karim Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gene Expression and Gene Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, 00161, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Vahedeh Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Fathi
- FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Karim Kakaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
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Hadadi N, Berweiler V, Wang H, Trajkovski M. Intestinal microbiota as a route for micronutrient bioavailability. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2021; 20:100285. [PMID: 34676307 PMCID: PMC7611859 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2021.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, is estimated to affect two billion people worldwide and can have devastating immediate and long-term consequences. Major causes range from inadequate micronutrient consumption mostly owing to a lack of dietary diversity, to poor nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract as a result of clinical or pathological conditions. Recent studies in model organisms and humans demonstrated that intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the de novo biosynthesis and bioavailability of several micronutrients and might be a major determinant of human micronutrient status. Here, we address the importance of the gut microbiome for maintaining the balance of host vitamins and minerals and explore its potential therapeutic benefits and implications on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Hadadi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Berweiler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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190
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Hiding in Plain Sight: Modern Thiamine Deficiency. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102595. [PMID: 34685573 PMCID: PMC8533683 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine or vitamin B1 is an essential, water-soluble vitamin required for mitochondrial energetics—the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is a critical and rate-limiting cofactor to multiple enzymes involved in this process, including those at the entry points and at critical junctures for the glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid pathways. It has a very short half-life, limited storage capacity, and is susceptible to degradation and depletion by a number of products that epitomize modern life, including environmental and pharmaceutical chemicals. The RDA for thiamine is 1.1–1.2 mg for adult females and males, respectively. With an average diet, even a poor one, it is not difficult to meet that daily requirement, and yet, measurable thiamine deficiency has been observed across multiple patient populations with incidence rates ranging from 20% to over 90% depending upon the study. This suggests that the RDA requirement may be insufficient to meet the demands of modern living. Inasmuch as thiamine deficiency syndromes pose great risk of chronic morbidity, and if left untreated, mortality, a more comprehensive understanding thiamine chemistry, relative to energy production, modern living, and disease, may prove useful.
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191
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Averina OV, Poluektova EU, Marsova MV, Danilenko VN. Biomarkers and Utility of the Antioxidant Potential of Probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria as Representatives of the Human Gut Microbiota. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1340. [PMID: 34680457 PMCID: PMC8533434 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are an important part of human gut microbiota. Among numerous benefits, their antioxidant properties are attracting more and more attention. Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, along with their cellular components, possess excellent antioxidant capacity, which provides a certain degree of protection to the human body against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Recently, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria have begun to be considered as a new source of natural antioxidants. This review summarizes the current state of research on various antioxidant properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms of antioxidant activity of these bacteria in the human gut microbiota, which involve bacterial cell components and metabolites. This review is also dedicated to the genes involved in the antioxidant properties of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains as indicators of their antioxidant potential in human gut microbiota. Identification of the antioxidant biomarkers of the gut microbiota is of great importance both for creating diagnostic systems for assessing oxidative stress and for choosing strategies aimed at restoring the normal functioning of the microbiota and, through it, restoring human health. In this review, the practical application of probiotic strains with proven antioxidant properties to prevent oxidative stress is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Averina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russion Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (M.V.M.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Elena U. Poluektova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russion Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (M.V.M.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Mariya V. Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russion Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (M.V.M.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Valery N. Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russion Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (M.V.M.); (V.N.D.)
- Institute of Ecology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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192
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Park SY, Faraci G, Nanda S, Ter-Saakyan S, Love TMT, Mack WJ, Dubé MP, Lee HY. Gut microbiome in people living with HIV is associated with impaired thiamine and folate syntheses. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105209. [PMID: 34563611 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV have a high incidence of cardiovascular and neurological diseases as comorbid disorders that are commonly linked to inflammation. While microbial translocation can augment inflammation during HIV infection, functional microbiome shifts that may increase pro-inflammatory responses have not been fully characterized. In addition, defining HIV-induced microbiome changes has been complicated by high variability among individuals. Here we conducted functional annotation of previously-published 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of 305 HIV positive and 249 negative individuals, with adjustment for geographic region, sex, sexual behavior, and age. Metagenome profiles were inferred from these individuals' 16S data. HIV infection was associated with impaired microbial vitamin B synthesis; around half of the gene families in thiamine and folate biosynthesis pathways were significantly less abundant in the HIV positive group than the negative control. These results are consistent with the high prevalence of thiamine and folate deficiencies in HIV infections. These HIV-induced microbiota shifts have the potential to influence cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases, given the documented associations between B-vitamin deficiencies, inflammation, and these diseases. We also observed that most essential amino acid biosynthesis pathways were downregulated in the microbiome of HIV-infected individuals. Microbial vitamin B and amino acid synthesis pathways were not significantly recovered by antiretroviral treatment when we compared 262 ART positive and 184 ART negative individuals. Our meta-analysis provides a new outlook for understanding vitamin B and amino acid deficiencies in HIV patients, suggesting that interventions for reversing HIV-induced microbiome shifts may aid in lessening the burdens of HIV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yong Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gina Faraci
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sayan Nanda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Ter-Saakyan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanzy M T Love
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Dubé
- Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ha Youn Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Stach K, Stach W, Augoff K. Vitamin B6 in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:3229. [PMID: 34579110 PMCID: PMC8467949 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is a fascinating molecule involved in the vast majority of changes in the human body because it is a coenzyme involved in over 150 biochemical reactions. It is active in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids, and participates in cellular signaling. It is an antioxidant and a compound with the ability to lower the advanced glycation end products (AGE) level. In this review, we briefly summarize its involvement in biochemical pathways and consider whether its deficiency may be associated with various diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, or the prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Stach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Stach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Surgical Education, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-668 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Abstract
Nutritionally enhanced probioticated whole pineapple juice (WPJ, comprising juice of pineapple pulp and peel) beverages were produced by fermentation of WPJ with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum WU-P19. The 12 h fermented juice contained between 2.1 × 109 and 3.7 × 109 live cells of the probiotic per milliliter, depending on the beverage formulation. The beverage had a pH of around 4.1 and a lactic acid content of ~12.8 g L−1. It had a total sugar (glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose) content of ~100.2 g L−1. During fermentation, some of the initial glucose and fructose were consumed by the probiotic, but sucrose and maltose were not consumed. The original WPJ was free of vitamin B12, but fermentation enhanced vitamin B12 content (~19.5 mg L−1). In addition, fermentation enhanced the concentrations of vitamins B2, B3, and B6, but the bacterium consumed some of the vitamin B1 originally present. From a nutritional perspective, the final probioticated beverage was a good source of vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin B6. In addition, it contained nutritionally useful levels of vitamins B1, B2, and B3. The calorific value of the final beverage was 56.94 kcal per 100 mL. The product was stable during 21-day refrigerated (4 °C) storage.
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195
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Munoz-Pinto MF, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM. The neuromicrobiology of Parkinson's disease: A unifying theory. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101396. [PMID: 34171417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence confirms that PD is indeed a multifactorial disease with different aetiologies and prodromal symptomatology that likely depend on the initial trigger. New players with important roles as triggers, facilitators and aggravators of the PD neurodegenerative process have re-emerged in the last few years, the microbes. Having evolved in association with humans for ages, microbes and their products are now seen as fundamental regulators of human physiology with disturbances in their balance being increasingly accepted to have a relevant impact on the progression of disease in general and on PD in particular. In this review, we comprehensively address early studies that have directly or indirectly linked bacteria or other infectious agents to the onset and progression of PD, from the earliest suspects to the most recent culprits, the gut microbiota. The quest for effective treatments to arrest PD progression must inevitably address the different interactions between microbiota and human cells, and naturally consider the gut-brain axis. The comprehensive characterization of such mechanisms will help design innovative bacteriotherapeutic approaches to selectively shape the gut microbiota profile ultimately to halt PD progression. The present review describes our current understanding of the role of microorganisms and their endosymbiotic relatives, the mitochondria, in inducing, facilitating, or aggravating PD pathogenesis.
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196
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Taheri S, Asadi S, Nilashi M, Ali Abumalloh R, Ghabban NMA, Mohd Yusuf SY, Supriyanto E, Samad S. A literature review on beneficial role of vitamins and trace elements: Evidence from published clinical studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126789. [PMID: 34044222 PMCID: PMC8123519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a kind of SARS-CoV-2 viral infectious pneumonia. This research aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of the published studies of vitamins and trace elements in the Scopus database with a special focus on COVID-19 disease. To achieve the goal of the study, network and density visualizations were used to introduce an overall picture of the published literature. Following the bibliometric analysis, we discuss the potential benefits of vitamins and trace elements on immune system function and COVID-19, supporting the discussion with evidence from published clinical studies. The previous studies show that D and A vitamins demonstrated a higher potential benefit, while Selenium, Copper, and Zinc were found to have favorable effects on immune modulation in viral respiratory infections among trace elements. The principles of nutrition from the findings of this research could be useful in preventing and treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Taheri
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Shahla Asadi
- Centre of Software Technology and Management, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mehrbakhsh Nilashi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Rabab Ali Abumalloh
- Computer Department, Community College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box. 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salma Yasmin Mohd Yusuf
- Primary Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, 47000, Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Sarminah Samad
- Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Administration, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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197
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Long-Term Recovery of the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Dogs with Steroid-Responsive Enteropathy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092498. [PMID: 34573464 PMCID: PMC8468387 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term impact of treatment of dogs with steroid-responsive enteropathy (SRE) on the fecal microbiome and metabolome has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fecal microbiome and metabolome of dogs with SRE before, during, and following treatment with standard immunosuppressive therapy and an elimination diet. We retrospectively selected samples from 9 dogs with SRE enrolled in a previous clinical trial, which received treatment for 8 weeks, and had achieved remission as indicated by the post-treatment clinical scores. Long-term (1 year) samples were obtained from a subset (5/9) of dogs. Samples from 13 healthy dogs were included as controls (HC). We evaluated the microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR. To evaluate the recovery of gut function, we measured fecal metabolites using an untargeted approach. While improvement was observed for some bacterial taxa after 8 weeks of treatment, several bacterial taxa remained significantly different from HC. Seventy-five metabolites were altered in dogs with SRE, including increased fecal amino acids and vitamins, suggesting malabsorption as a component of SRE. One year after treatment, however, all bacterial species were evaluated by qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and all but thirteen metabolites were no longer different from healthy controls.
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198
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Excess dietary fructose does not alter gut microbiota or permeability in humans: A pilot randomized controlled study. J Clin Transl Sci 2021; 5:e143. [PMID: 34422323 PMCID: PMC8358846 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2021.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver disease that accompanies obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Excess fructose consumption can initiate or exacerbate NAFLD in part due to a consequence of impaired hepatic fructose metabolism. Preclinical data emphasized that fructose-induced altered gut microbiome, increased gut permeability, and endotoxemia play an important role in NAFLD, but human studies are sparse. The present study aimed to determine if two weeks of excess fructose consumption significantly alters gut microbiota or permeability in humans. Methods: We performed a pilot double-blind, cross-over, metabolic unit study in 10 subjects with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30–40 mg/kg/m2). Each arm provided 75 grams of either fructose or glucose added to subjects’ individual diets for 14 days, substituted isocalorically for complex carbohydrates, with a 19-day wash-out period between arms. Total fructose intake provided in the fructose arm of the study totaled a mean of 20.1% of calories. Outcome measures included fecal microbiota distribution, fecal metabolites, intestinal permeability, markers of endotoxemia, and plasma metabolites. Results: Routine blood, uric acid, liver function, and lipid measurements were unaffected by the fructose intervention. The fecal microbiome (including Akkermansia muciniphilia), fecal metabolites, gut permeability, indices of endotoxemia, gut damage or inflammation, and plasma metabolites were essentially unchanged by either intervention. Conclusions: In contrast to rodent preclinical findings, excess fructose did not cause changes in the gut microbiome, metabolome, and permeability as well as endotoxemia in humans with obesity fed fructose for 14 days in amounts known to enhance NAFLD.
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199
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Induri SNR, Kansara P, Thomas SC, Xu F, Saxena D, Li X. The Gut Microbiome, Metformin, and Aging. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:85-108. [PMID: 34449247 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051920-093829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been extensively used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it may also promote healthy aging. Despite its widespread use and versatility, metformin's mechanisms of action remain elusive. The gut typically harbors thousands of bacterial species, and as the concentration of metformin is much higher in the gut as compared to plasma, it is plausible that microbiome-drug-host interactions may influence the functions of metformin. Detrimental perturbations in the aging gut microbiome lead to the activation of the innate immune response concomitant with chronic low-grade inflammation. With the effectiveness of metformin in diabetes and antiaging varying among individuals, there is reason to believe that the gut microbiome plays a role in the efficacy of metformin. Metformin has been implicated in the promotion and maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome and reduces many age-related degenerative pathologies. Mechanistic understanding of metformin in the promotion of a healthy gut microbiome and aging will require a systems-level approach. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Nitya Reddy Induri
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Payalben Kansara
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Scott C Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Fangxi Xu
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; .,Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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200
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Zietek T, Boomgaarden WAD, Rath E. Drug Screening, Oral Bioavailability and Regulatory Aspects: A Need for Human Organoids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1280. [PMID: 34452240 PMCID: PMC8399541 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium critically contributes to oral bioavailability of drugs by constituting an important site for drug absorption and metabolism. In particular, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) actively serve as gatekeepers of drug and nutrient availability. IECs' transport processes and metabolism are interrelated to the whole-body metabolic state and represent potential points of origin as well as therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. Human intestinal organoids represent a superior model of the intestinal epithelium, overcoming limitations of currently used in vitro models. Caco-2 cells or rodent explant models face drawbacks such as their cancer and non-human origin, respectively, but are commonly used to study intestinal nutrient absorption, enterocyte metabolism and oral drug bioavailability, despite poorly correlative data. In contrast, intestinal organoids allow investigating distinct aspects of bioavailability including spatial resolution of transport, inter-individual differences and high-throughput screenings. As several countries have already developed strategic roadmaps to phase out animal experiments for regulatory purposes, intestinal organoid culture and organ-on-a-chip technology in combination with in silico approaches are roads to go in the preclinical and regulatory setup and will aid implementing the 3Rs (reduction, refinement and replacement) principle in basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zietek
- Doctors against Animal Experiments, 51143 Köln, Germany
| | | | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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