151
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Özer B, Yılmaz S. Evaluation of the relationship between childhood traumas and emotion regulation skills in terms of adult obesity. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 51:62-68. [PMID: 39034096 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the relationship between childhood traumas and emotion regulation skills of obese and non-obese individuals. The research is a comparative-descriptive and correlational study. The obese group included 52 people with a BMI ≥ 30, and the non-obese group included 58 people with a BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2. Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) were used in the study data. The rates of total childhood trauma and physical neglect were significantly higher in obese individuals (53.8 % vs. 32.8 %; 50 % vs. 22.4 %, respectively) than in non-obese individuals. Obese individuals were found to have lower emotion regulation skills. While a significant inverse relationship was found between childhood trauma and emotion regulation skills total and sub-dimension scores in obese individuals, no significant relationship was found in non-obese individuals. Psychiatric-mental health nurses can play an active role in the prevention and treatment of obesity by providing emotion regulation training to individuals in their roles as counselors and educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Özer
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Institute of Graduate Studies Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing PhD Programme.
| | - Sevil Yılmaz
- İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Istanbul, Turkey.
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152
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Thurston IB, Fix RL, Getzoff Testa E. Anti-racism, Heterosexism, and Transphobia: Strategies for Adolescent Health Promotion Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024; 71:745-760. [PMID: 39003014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Anti-Black racism, heterosexism, and transphobia are significant public health concerns contributing to poor adolescent health outcomes. The authors introduce the health-equity adapted STYLE framework to increase knowledge and awareness of Black and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, non-binary, queer, questioning, asexual, or intersex (LGBTQ) + intersectionality. Guided by case examples, the authors identify key strategies to promote anti-racist, anti-heterosexist, and anti-transphobic practices. Utilization of this framework by adolescent health providers could promote the health and well-being of Black and LGBTQ + adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idia Binitie Thurston
- Department of Health Sciences and Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Health Equity and Social Justice Research, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 322 INV, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Fix
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 North Washington Street Room 519, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Elizabeth Getzoff Testa
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology, Mt Washington Pediatric Hospital, 1708 West Rogers Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA
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153
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Lahey BB, Durham EL, Brislin SJ, Barr PB, Dick DM, Moore TM, Pierce BL, Tong L, Reimann GE, Jeong HJ, Dupont RM, Kaczkurkin AN. Mapping potential pathways from polygenic liability through brain structure to psychological problems across the transition to adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:1047-1060. [PMID: 38185921 PMCID: PMC11227600 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a polygenic score for externalizing behavior (extPGS) and structural MRI to examine potential pathways from genetic liability to conduct problems via the brain across the adolescent transition. METHODS Three annual assessments of child conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, and internalizing problems were conducted across across 9-13 years of age among 4,475 children of European ancestry in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). RESULTS The extPGS predicted conduct problems in each wave (R2 = 2.0%-2.9%). Bifactor models revealed that the extPRS predicted variance specific to conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%), but also variance that conduct problems shared with other measured problems (R2 = .8%-1.4%). Longitudinally, extPGS predicted levels of specific conduct problems (R2 = 2.0%), but not their slope of change across age. The extPGS was associated with total gray matter volume (TGMV; R2 = .4%) and lower TGMV predicted both specific conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%) and the variance common to all problems in each wave (R2 = 1.6%-3.1%). A modest proportion of the polygenic liability specific to conduct problems in each wave was statistically mediated by TGMV. CONCLUSIONS Across the adolescent transition, the extPGS predicted both variance specific to conduct problems and variance shared by all measured problems. The extPGS also was associated with TGMV, which robustly predicted conduct problems. Statistical mediation analyses suggested the hypothesis that polygenic variation influences individual differences in brain development that are related to the likelihood of conduct problems during the adolescent transition, justifying new research to test this causal hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter B. Barr
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lin Tong
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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154
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Reid M, Lin A, Farhat LC, Fernandez TV, Olfson E. The genetics of trichotillomania and excoriation disorder: A systematic review. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 133:152506. [PMID: 38833896 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichotillomania (TTM) and excoriation disorder (ED) are impairing obsessive-compulsive related disorders that are common in the general population and for which there are no clear first-line medications, highlighting the need to better understand the underlying biology of these disorders to inform treatments. Given the importance of genetics in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), evaluating genetic factors underlying TTM and ED may advance knowledge about the pathophysiology of these body-focused repetitive behaviors. AIM In this systematic review, we summarize the available evidence on the genetics of TTM and ED and highlight gaps in the field warranting further research. METHOD We systematically searched Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for original studies in genetic epidemiology (family or twin studies) and molecular genetics (candidate gene and genome-wide) published up to June 2023. RESULTS Of the 3536 records identified, 109 studies were included in this review. These studies indicated that genetic factors play an important role in the development of TTM and ED, some of which may be shared across the OCD spectrum, but there are no known high-confidence specific genetic risk factors for either TTM or ED. CONCLUSIONS Our review underscores the need for additional genome-wide research conducted on the genetics of TTM and ED, for instance, genome-wide association and whole-genome/whole-exome DNA sequencing studies. Recent advances in genomics have led to the discovery of risk genes in several psychiatric disorders, including related conditions such as OCD, but to date, TTM and ED have remained understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Reid
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; The University of the South, USA
| | - Ashley Lin
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luis C Farhat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas V Fernandez
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Olfson
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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155
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Winstone L, Jamal S, Mars B. Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization as Risk Factors for Self-Harm: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study of 13-14-Year-Olds in England. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:298-304. [PMID: 38864792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyberbullying is a crucial issue that affects adolescent mental health, with evidence to suggest that adolescents who are victims of cyberbullying are at higher risk for self-harm. However, longitudinal evidence is lacking, meaning the direction of effects cannot be established. This study investigated longitudinal associations between levels of cyberbullying involvement (bully, victim, or both), frequency, and self-harm a year later in an adolescent sample. METHODS Data were collected from Year 9 students (13-14-year-olds; N = 1,195) enrolled in 19 schools in Southwest England using an online questionnaire with a 1-year follow-up period (October 2019-October 2020). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to test for associations between different levels of cyberbullying involvement at baseline and the likelihood of self-harm a year later, adjusting for key covariates. A secondary regression analysis also explored the associations between the frequency of cyberbullying involvement at baseline and subsequent self-harm. RESULTS Compared to those with no cyberbullying involvement, individuals who were both victims and perpetrators (adjusted odds ratio = 2.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.99-4.34) as well as victims only (adjusted odds ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.95-4.04) showed an increased risk of subsequent self-harm. In terms of frequency, associations were found between frequent and occasional cyberbullying and self-harm for both victims and perpetrators; however, associations for the perpetrator group attenuated to the null following adjustment for covariates. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight cyberbullying in early adolescence as a risk factor for subsequent self-harm. Cyberbullying prevention should be a priority for school mental health interventions, with consideration that most perpetrators of cyberbullying may also be victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzy Winstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Jamal
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Becky Mars
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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156
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Schmid DG, Scott NM, Tomporowski PD. Physical Activity and Children's Episodic Memory: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024; 36:155-169. [PMID: 38065088 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effects of physical activity on children's free recall, cued recall, and recognition episodic memory and to explore potential moderating factors. METHODS The following databases were searched: PubMed, ERIC, APA Psych Info, CINHAL, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if: (1) participants were aged 4-18 years, (2) participants were typically developed, (3) participants were randomized to groups, (4) interventions employed gross movements, (5) sedentary group was used for control, (6) memory tests were quantitative, and (7) employed acute or chronic intervention. RESULTS 14 studies met inclusion criteria resulting in the analysis of data from 7 free recall, 7 cued recall, and 8 recognition memory tests. Physical activity was found to have a positive influence on tests free (g = 0.56), cued recall (g = 0.67), and no influence on tests of recognition (g = 0.06). While some moderator analyses were significant, the authors do not consider these results to be meaningful in application. CONCLUSIONS The effects of acute and chronic physical activity enhance specific aspects of long-term episodic memory. These findings suggest physical activity interventions developed for children may be expected to benefit some, but not all, types of memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne G Schmid
- Kinesiology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA,USA
| | - Nathan M Scott
- Kinesiology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA,USA
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157
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Arteaga-Henríquez G, Ramos-Sayalero C, Ibañez-Jimenez P, Karina Rosales-Ortiz S, Kilencz T, Schiweck C, Schnorr I, Siegl A, Arias-Vasquez A, Bitter I, Fadeuilhe C, Ferrer M, Lavebratt C, Matura S, Reif A, Réthelyi JM, Richarte V, Rommelse N, Antoni Ramos-Quiroga J. Efficacy of a synbiotic in the management of adults with Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Borderline Personality Disorder and high levels of irritability: Results from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, "basket" trial. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:360-371. [PMID: 38885746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Irritability worsens prognosis and increases mortality in individuals with Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). However, treatment options are still insufficient. The aim of this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the superiority of a synbiotic over placebo in the management of adults with ADHD and/or BPD and high levels of irritability. The study was conducted between February 2019 and October 2020 at three European clinical centers located in Hungary, Spain and Germany. Included were patients aged 18-65 years old diagnosed with ADHD and/or BPD and high levels of irritability (i.e., an Affectivity Reactivity Index (ARI-S) ≥ 5, plus a Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) score ≥ 4). Subjects were randomized 1(synbiotic):1(placebo); the agent was administered each day, for 10 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome measure was end-of-treatment response (i.e., a reduction ≥ 30 % in the ARI-S total score compared to baseline, plus a Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) total score of < 3 (very much, or much improved) at week 10). Between-treatment differences in secondary outcomes, as well as safety were also investigated. Of the 231 included participants, 180 (90:90) were randomized and included in the intention-to-treat-analyses. Of these, 117 (65 %) were females, the mean age was 38 years, ADHD was diagnosed in 113 (63 %), BPD in 44 (24 %), both in 23 (13 %). The synbiotic was well tolerated. At week 10, patients allocated to the synbiotic experienced a significantly higher response rate compared to those allocated to placebo (OR: 0.2, 95 % CI:0.1 to 0.7; P = 0.01). These findings suggest that that (add-on) treatment with a synbiotic may be associated with a clinically meaningful improvement in irritability in, at least, a subgroup of adults with ADHD and/or BPD. A superiority of the synbiotic over placebo in the management of emotional dysregulation (-3.6, 95 % CI:-6.8 to -0.3; P = 0.03), emotional symptoms (-0.6, 95 % CI:-1.2 to -0.05; P = 0.03), inattention (-1.8, 95 % CI: -3.2 to -0.4; P = 0.01), functioning (-2.7, 95 % CI: -5.2 to -0.2; P = 0.03) and perceived stress levels (-0.6, 95 % CI: -1.2 to -0.05; P = 0.03) was also suggested. Higher baseline RANK-L protein levels were associated with a significantly lower response rate, but only in the synbiotic group (OR: 0.1, 95 % CI: -4.3 to - 0.3, P = 0.02). In the placebo group, higher IL-17A levels at baseline were significantly associated with a higher improvement in in particular, emotional dysregulation (P = 0.04), opening a door for new (targeted) drug intervention. However, larger prospective studies are warranted to confirm the findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03495375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gara Arteaga-Henríquez
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addictions, Vall d́Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; NCRR-The National Center for Register-Based Research, Aahrus University. Aahrus, Denmark.
| | - Carolina Ramos-Sayalero
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addictions, Vall d́Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pol Ibañez-Jimenez
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addictions, Vall d́Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Karina Rosales-Ortiz
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addictions, Vall d́Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tünde Kilencz
- Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carmen Schiweck
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Isabel Schnorr
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anne Siegl
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboudd University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - István Bitter
- Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Fadeuilhe
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addictions, Vall d́Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addictions, Vall d́Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Matura
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Stockholm, the Netherlands
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health, and Addictions, Vall d́Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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158
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Liu P, Tan JXY. Reward positivity moderates the association between pubertal status and social anxiety symptoms in nine-to-12-year-old youths. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 202:112390. [PMID: 38964545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The transition to adolescence is characterized by rapid development of puberty, reward processing, and internalizing psychopathology (i.e., depression and anxiety). More advanced pubertal status and altered reward processing are both known to be associated with elevated internalizing symptoms. However, it was unclear to what extent pubertal status and reward processing interacted with each other in predicting internalizing psychopathology. We examined how the puberty-psychopathology association was moderated by the reward processing indexed by ERPs, including the reward positivity (RewP) and the late positive potential (LPP). A-hundred-and-fifteen nine-to-12-year-old typically developing youths (66 girls; Mean age/SD =10.98/1.18 years) reported their pubertal status and symptoms of depression and social anxiety and completed an EEG Doors task that assessed monetary reward feedback processing. A principal component analysis of the ERP data identified a RewP, an anterior LPP, and a posterior LPP, elicited by the win and loss feedback of the task. The puberty-social anxiety relationship was moderated by the RewP, an identified neural marker of reward sensitivity. Specifically, more advanced puberty was associated with heightened social anxiety symptoms in the presence of a larger, but not smaller, RewP. We did not observe any moderating effect of the LPPs. Our study provided novel evidence that a hypersensitivity toward the reward stimuli (indexed by an enlarged RewP) further exacerbated the risks associated with more advanced pubertal status for social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Jaron X Y Tan
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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159
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Fleck L, Fuchs A, Williams K, Moehler E, Resch F, Koenig J, Kaess M. Child temperament as a longitudinal predictor of mother-adolescent interaction quality: are effects independent of child and maternal mental health? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2791-2801. [PMID: 38240837 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive parent-child interaction plays a major role in healthy child development. Caregiver mental health problems can negatively impact parent-child interaction. In turn, interactional quality is often studied as a predictor of child outcome. However, child characteristics supposedly shape parent-child interactions as well. Given associations between child and caregiver mental health and child temperament, this study aimed at differentiating their effects on dyadic interaction quality in adolescence. Child temperament and character at age 5 were investigated as longitudinal predictors of observed mother-adolescent interactional quality at age 14 in a community sample (N = 76). It was examined whether these effects were independent of maternal and child mental health and earlier dysfunctional interaction. Lower novelty seeking, higher reward dependence, and higher cooperativeness separately predicted higher dyadic interactional quality at age 14. Controlling regressions for dysfunctional interaction at age 5, which was a significant negative predictor of later interactional quality, cancelled out the effects of novelty seeking and cooperativeness. Past or concurrent maternal or child psychopathology did not explain variance in mother-adolescent interaction. Applying backward selection, a model including reward dependence and dysfunctional interaction at age 5 and concurrent maternal stress showed the best fit for explaining dyadic interaction quality. Results suggest that enduring rather than transient child features predict interactional quality in a community sample. Effects of temperament are not better explained by those of psychopathology, but a combination of child, maternal, and dyadic features predicted dyadic behaviour best. Selective prevention should target parenting in the context of challenging child characteristics specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Fleck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Fuchs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Williams
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Moehler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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160
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Zhang W, He T, Hinshaw S, Chi P, Lin X. Longitudinal relationship between oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in Chinese children: insights from cross-lagged panel network analyses. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2557-2570. [PMID: 38151686 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common childhood mental disorders, and they have substantial comorbidity. The developmental precursor model has long been widely used to explain the mechanisms of comorbidity between ODD and ADHD, however whether it is equally effective at the symptomatic level is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) examine the stability of the ODD and ADHD comorbidity network in a longitudinal sample of high-risk children in China; and (b) examine the longitudinal relationship between the ODD and ADHD symptom networks based on a developmental precursor model. Two hundred sixty-three Chinese children aged 6 to 13 years with ODD and/or ADHD were assessed for symptoms of ODD and ADHD in two surveys conducted 1 year apart. We used data from these two time points to construct two cross-sectional networks and a cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) to explore the symptom network for comorbidity of ODD and ADHD. The analysis shows that: (1) the two cross-sectional networks are highly similar in terms of structure, existence of edges, centrality estimates, and the invariance test shows that there is no significant difference between them. The symptoms "follow through", "interrupts/intrudes", "difficulty playing quietly" and "concentration" had the highest expected influence centrality at both time points. (2) Combined with the results of the cross-sectional and cross-lagged networks, we found that "annoy" and "blame" are potential bridge symptoms between the ODD and ADHD symptom networks. The symptom "annoy" forms a reciprocal predictive relationship with "interrupts/intrudes", while "blame" unidirectionally predicts "close attention". In addition, we found that "vindictive" predicted numerous ADHD symptoms, whereas "angry" was predicted by numerous ADHD symptoms. The findings emphasize the broad predictive relationship between ODD and ADHD symptoms with each other, and that ODD symptoms may lead to activation of the ADHD symptom network and vice versa. These findings suggest that the developmental precursor model at the symptom level may partially explain the comorbidity mechanisms of ODD and ADHD, and future studies should further investigate the underlying multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Clark CA, Nakhid D, Baldwin-Oneill G, LaPointe S, MacIsaac-Jones M, Raja S, McMorris CA. Prevalence of co-occurring diagnoses in people exposed to alcohol prenatally: Findings from a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:163-174. [PMID: 38718944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) commonly experience co-occurring diagnoses, which are often overlooked and misdiagnosed and have detrimental impacts on accessing appropriate services. The prevalence of these co-occurring diagnoses varies widely in the existing literature and has not been examined in PAE without an FASD diagnosis. METHOD A search was conducted in five databases and the reference sections of three review papers, finding a total of 2180 studies. 57 studies were included in the final analysis with a cumulative sample size of 29,644. Bayesian modeling was used to determine aggregate prevalence rates of co-occurring disorders and analyze potential moderators. RESULTS 82 % of people with PAE had a co-occurring diagnosis. All disorders had a higher prevalence in individuals with PAE than the general population with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disorder, and intellectual disability (ID) being the most prevalent. Age, diagnostic status, and sex moderated the prevalence of multiple disorders. LIMITATIONS While prevalence of disorders is crucial information, it does not provide a direct representation of daily functioning and available supports. Results should be interpreted in collaboration with more individualized research to provide the most comprehensive representation of the experience of individuals with PAE. CONCLUSIONS Co-occurring diagnoses are extremely prevalent in people with PAE, with older individuals, females, and those diagnosed with FASD being most at risk for having a co-occurring disorder. These findings provide a more rigorous examination of the challenges faced by individuals with PAE than has existed in the literature, providing clinicians with information to ensure early identification and effective treatment of concerns to prevent lifelong challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Clark
- Werklund School of Education, School and Applied Child Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Canada.
| | - D Nakhid
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - S LaPointe
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - S Raja
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - C A McMorris
- Werklund School of Education, School and Applied Child Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
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162
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Hallford DJ, Austin DW, Takano K, Yeow JJ, Rusanov D, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Raes F. Improving usual care outcomes in major depression in youth by targeting memory specificity: A randomized controlled trial of adjunct computerized memory specificity training (c-MeST). J Affect Disord 2024; 358:500-512. [PMID: 38663556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extending on previous findings that computerized Memory Specificity Training (c-MeST) improves memory specificity and depressive symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adults, this study aimed to assess the effects of c-MeST in youth with MDD on memory specificity and depression in addition to other treatment. METHODS Participants aged 15-25 (N = 359, 76 % female; M age = 19.2, SD = 3.1), receiving predominantly psychological therapy or counseling (85 %) and/or antidepressants (52 %) were randomized to usual care and c-MeST or usual care. Cognitive and clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline and at one, three, and six-month follow-ups. RESULTS The usual care and c-MeST group reported higher memory specificity at one-month (d = 0.42, p = .022), but not at three or six months (d's < 0.15, p's > 0.05). The rate of MDE was numerically lower in the c-MeST group at each follow-up time-point, but group was not a statistically significant predictor at one month (64 % usual care and c-MeST vs. 68 % usual care, OR = 0.81, p = .606), three months (67 % usual care and c-MeST vs. 72 % usual care, OR = 0.64, p = .327) or six months (55 % usual care and c-MeST vs. 68 % usual care, OR = 0.56, p = .266). The usual care and c-MeST group did report lower depressive symptoms at one month (d = 0.42, p = .023) and six-months (d = 0.84, p = .001), but not three-months (d = 0.13, p > .05). CONCLUSIONS c-MeST may reduce symptoms in youth with MDD when provided alongside other treatments. However, there are significant limitations to this inference, including high attrition in the study and a need for more data on the acceptability of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David John Hallford
- School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap Street, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - David W Austin
- School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap Street, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, Munich, Germany
| | - Joesph J Yeow
- School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap Street, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Rusanov
- School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap Street, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, 1 Gheringhap Street, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Filip Raes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box 3712, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Keats L, Jose PE, Salmon K. Specificity and valence of adolescents' turning point memory narratives: Relationships with depressive symptoms over time. Behav Res Ther 2024; 179:104570. [PMID: 38776597 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Although recent research suggests that, for community youth, greater specific (episodic) detail in self-relevant turning point memory narratives predicts depressive symptoms over time, no research has investigated whether the narratives' specificity similarly predicts depression. Therefore, we investigated whether recalling a specific (unique, 24-hour or less) turning point narrative predicted youth depressive symptoms concurrently and across 6 months (Study 1), and, for a subset of participants, three years (Study 2). We also examined whether the valence of the implication of the experience for self (the resolution) explained additional variance and interacted with memory specificity. For Study 1 (N = 320, M = 16.9 years, 81% female), a specific (rather than a non-specific) turning point predicted greater depressive symptoms concurrently but not longitudinally, whereas a negative resolution predicted both concurrent and longitudinal depressive symptoms. The moderation result showed that a specific turning point predicted escalating depressive symptoms across six months when the resolution was negative. Study 2 (N = 68) additionally showed that a specific turning point predicted increased depressive symptoms three years later. These findings contrast with research suggesting that specific memories are related to better mental health and highlight the complexity of the role of memory in emerging youth depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Keats
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington - Te Herenga Waka, New Zealand.
| | - Paul E Jose
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington - Te Herenga Waka, New Zealand
| | - Karen Salmon
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington - Te Herenga Waka, New Zealand
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Stubbs JM, Achat HM. Pandemic Loneliness in Healthcare Workers. Does It Predict Later Psychological Distress? Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1613-1632. [PMID: 36413372 PMCID: PMC9692176 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Increased loneliness associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely reported, with healthcare workers at increased risk compared to the general population. Pre-pandemic research indicates that loneliness has long-term detrimental effects on mental well-being, but the effect of loneliness in the context of COVID-19 is not clear. We conducted an online survey of healthcare workers (HCWs) at a large teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia after the peak of the first wave of the pandemic in 2020. Over one-third experienced loneliness at the peak of the first wave. An observed association with high psychological distress in subsequent months was attenuated after adjusting for status of mental well-being during the peak and before the pandemic. Mental well-being during the peak of the pandemic and, to a lesser extent, mental well-being before the pandemic were the strongest predictors of later distress. Increased conflict at home was also predictive of later distress. The mental health of HCWs is an important consideration at any time and is especially so in the face of crises such as the current global pandemic. Strategies to enhance baseline mental well-being and bolster well-being during crisis situations should assist HCWs cope with unexpected stressors and reduce the associated detrimental psychological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Stubbs
- Epidemiology and Health Analytics, Western Sydney Local Health District, North Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen M. Achat
- Epidemiology and Health Analytics, Western Sydney Local Health District, North Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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165
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Jefsen OH, Holde K, McGrath JJ, Rajagopal VM, Albiñana C, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Grove J, Agerbo E, Yilmaz Z, Plana-Ripoll O, Munk-Olsen T, Demontis D, Børglum A, Mors O, Bulik CM, Mortensen PB, Petersen LV. Polygenic Risk of Mental Disorders and Subject-Specific School Grades. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:222-229. [PMID: 38061465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education is essential for socioeconomic security and long-term mental health; however, mental disorders are often detrimental to the educational trajectory. Genetic correlations between mental disorders and educational attainment do not always align with corresponding phenotypic associations, implying heterogeneity in the genetic overlap. METHODS We unraveled this heterogeneity by investigating associations between polygenic risk scores for 6 mental disorders and fine-grained school outcomes: school grades in language and mathematics in ninth grade and high school, as well as educational attainment by age 25, using nationwide-representative data from established cohorts (N = 79,489). RESULTS High polygenic liability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was associated with lower grades in language and mathematics, whereas high polygenic risk of anorexia nervosa or bipolar disorder was associated with higher grades in language and mathematics. Associations between polygenic risk and school grades were mixed for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder and neutral for autism spectrum disorder. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risk scores for mental disorders are differentially associated with language and mathematics school grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hougaard Jefsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Katrine Holde
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J McGrath
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Veera Manikandan Rajagopal
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Albiñana
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarni Jóhann Vilhjálmsson
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grove
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Børglum
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
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166
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Libutzki B, Neukirch B, Reif A, Hartman CA. Somatic burden of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifecourse. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024; 150:105-117. [PMID: 38804256 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A thorough and comprehensive knowledge base on the extent of comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and somatic conditions is needed. METHOD We compared the prevalence of a wide range of somatic conditions in individuals with and without ADHD and described sex and lifecourse differences. Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis (N = 87,394) and age and sex-matched individuals without an ADHD diagnosis were identified from a large health claims dataset representative of the general German population, including both primary and specialized care (N = 4.874,754). Results were provided for the full sample as well as stratified for sex and age (<12 years, 13-17 years, 18-29 years, 30-59 years, ≥60 years). RESULTS The results showed that ADHD is associated with a wide variety of somatic conditions across the entire lifecourse. Specifically neurological disorders such as Parkison's disease (odds ratio [OR]: 5.21) and dementia (OR: 2.23), sleep-related disorders (OR: 2.38) and autoimmune disorders affecting the musculoskeletal, digestive, and endocrine system (fibromyalgia OR: 3.33; lupus OR: 2.17) are strongly and significantly associated with ADHD. Additionally, ADHD is associated with higher occurrence of common acute diseases typically treated by the general practitioner, hinting at an overall general lower health status. Sex differences in somatic comorbidity were not prominent. Age differences, in contrast, stood out: in particular endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders had an early onset in individuals with compared to individuals without ADHD. CONCLUSION This research underlines the high burden of disease due to somatic conditions among individuals with ADHD. The findings indicate the need for preventive measures to reduce comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Libutzki
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Neukirch
- Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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167
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Sack L, Seddon JA, Sosa-Hernandez L, Thomassin K. Typologies of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Functions and Clinical Correlates Among Inpatient Youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:999-1009. [PMID: 36350479 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study identified typologies of specific non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) functions among youth admitted for psychiatric hospitalization and investigated clinically relevant correlates. Inpatient youth (n = 68) aged 10-17 years reported on their reasons to engage in NSSI, frequency and severity of NSSI, and symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). A latent class analysis using youth's specific NSSI functions as indicators found two NSSI function typologies, which were differentially associated with clinical correlates. The Multiple Functions class (n = 28) endorsed to "feel something," "punish self," "escape feelings," "relieve anxiety," "stop feeling self-hatred," "stop feeling angry," "show much they are hurting," and "create a hurt that can be soothed." Conversely, the Single/Avoidant Function class (n = 40) endorsed one primary function-i.e., to "escape feelings." Youth in the Multiple Functions class reported significantly more frequent self-injury and greater BPD symptomology. The present study illustrates the importance of examining constellations of specific NSSI functions in inpatient care settings, given their unique associations with NSSI frequency and features of BPD. These findings could inform targeted psychological screening and, in turn, guide the implementation of interventions for elevated NSSI frequency and BPD symptomology among inpatient youth, based on NSSI functions endorsed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Sack
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, N1G 1V4, Canada.
| | - Jessica A Seddon
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, N1G 1V4, Canada
| | | | - Kristel Thomassin
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON, N1G 1V4, Canada
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168
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Nagata JM, Chaphekar AV, Hur JO. Eating Disorders Across the Gender Spectrum: Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes in Boys and Transgender and Gender-Expansive Youth. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:209-210. [PMID: 39025587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anita V Chaphekar
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jacqueline O Hur
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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169
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Foster JC, Hodges HR, Beloborodova A, Cohodes EM, Phillips MQ, Anderson E, Fagbenro B, Gee DG. Integrating developmental neuroscience with community-engaged approaches to address mental health outcomes for housing-insecure youth: Implications for research, practice, and policy. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 68:101399. [PMID: 38875770 PMCID: PMC11225708 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
One in three children in the United States is exposed to insecure housing conditions, including unaffordable, inconsistent, and unsafe housing. These exposures have detrimental impacts on youth mental health. Delineating the neurobehavioral pathways linking exposure to housing insecurity with children's mental health has the potential to inform interventions and policy. However, in approaching this work, carefully considering the lived experiences of youth and families is essential to translating scientific discovery to improve health outcomes in an equitable and representative way. In the current paper, we provide an introduction to the range of stressful experiences that children may face when exposed to insecure housing conditions. Next, we highlight findings from the early-life stress literature regarding the potential neurobehavioral consequences of insecure housing, focusing on how unpredictability is associated with the neural circuitry supporting cognitive and emotional development. We then delineate how community-engaged research (CEnR) approaches have been leveraged to understand the effects of housing insecurity on mental health, and we propose future research directions that integrate developmental neuroscience research and CEnR approaches to maximize the impact of this work. We conclude by outlining practice and policy recommendations that aim to improve the mental health of children exposed to insecure housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Foster
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - H R Hodges
- University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anna Beloborodova
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Emily M Cohodes
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dylan G Gee
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States.
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170
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May C, Nguyen HB, Miller P, Klajn J, Rademacher E, O'Connor M, Hedequist D, Shore BJ. Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System for Detection of Posttraumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents Following Procedures for Acute Orthopaedic Trauma. J Orthop Trauma 2024; 38:e295-e301. [PMID: 39007666 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The efficiency and validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys were determined for pediatric orthopaedic trauma patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a clinic setting. METHODS DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Single-institution, Level I trauma center. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA All consecutive children aged 8-18 years undergoing procedures or surgery for orthopaedic trauma. OUTCOME MEASURES AND COMPARISONS The convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity of the PROMIS Anger and Anxiety computerized adaptive tests (CATs) were evaluated and compared with the previously validated Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). The efficiency in time to completion of the outcome measures was compared between the CPSS and PROMIS surveys. Cutoffs for increased likelihood of PTSD were established for the PROMIS questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 233 subjects were included in this study (mean age 13.1 years with SD 2.8 years, 71% male). The majority (51%) of injuries were related to sports, and most (60%) involved the upper extremity. Of those included, 41 patients had high levels of PTSD symptoms on the CPSS (18%; 95% CI, 13.1-23.2%). The CPSS took 182 (interquartile range [IQR] 141-228) seconds versus 52 (IQR 36-84) and 52 (IQR 36-70) seconds for PROMIS Anger and Anxiety CATs, respectively. Convergent validity showed patient scores on both PROMIS instruments significantly correlated with CPSS scores (Anger: P < 0.001, r = 0.51; Anxiety: P < 0.001, r = 0.41). Neither PROMIS score correlated with University of California Los Angeles Activity Score (Anger: r = -0.26; Anxiety: r = -0.22), a functional outcome measure, demonstrating divergent validity. Both PROMIS instruments sufficiently discriminated across PTSD risk groups (Anger P < 0.001; Anxiety P < 0.001). A score of at least 53 on PROMIS Anger or at least 48 on PROMIS Anxiety indicated an increased likelihood of PTSD risk. CONCLUSIONS PROMIS Anger and Anxiety CATs are efficient and valid for evaluating posttraumatic stress in children following orthopaedic trauma procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin May
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Hillary Brenda Nguyen
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Patricia Miller
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA
| | - Justyna Klajn
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Rademacher
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA
| | - Michaela O'Connor
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Hedequist
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Benjamin J Shore
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
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171
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Bennett CJ, Glassman TJ, Saltzman B, Dake JA, Kruse-Diehr A. A Pilot Evaluation of the Respect You Curriculum. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:687-696. [PMID: 38863265 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to evaluate the Respect YOU program's impact on students' eating expectancies, body image satisfaction levels, self-efficacy, and knowledge. A total of 444 (intervention cohort n = 348, control cohort n = 96) underclassmen enrolled in health or physical education courses from 7 high schools in the Midwest participated in the study. METHODS A repeated measure research design was utilized to assess students' eating expectancies, body image satisfaction levels, self-efficacy, and knowledge. More specifically, paired t-tests were conducted to compare outcome measurements to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. RESULTS Among the students who received the intervention (n = 348), there was a statistically significant change in scores for eating expectancies (Z = -14.403, p < .001), body image satisfaction levels (Z = -14.114, p < .001), social media self-efficacy (Z = 14.868, p < .001), and knowledge scales (Z = -16.100, p < .001) at post-intervention and compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the Respect YOU program was effective in improving body image scores, eating expectancies, self-esteem, and knowledge-related outcomes among students post-intervention. These results can be used to further develop educational programming to address body image concerns and disordered eating among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Bennett
- School of Health and Human Services, Department of Health Sciences, Indiana University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Fort wayne, IN, 46815
| | - Tavis J Glassman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 109, Toledo, OH, 43606
| | - Barbara Saltzman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 109, Toledo, OH, 43606
| | - Joseph A Dake
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, MS 109, Toledo, OH, 43606
| | - Aaron Kruse-Diehr
- School of Health, Behavior & Society, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, 151 Washington Avenue, Bowman Hall 345, Lexington, KY, 40536
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172
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Thorell LB, Burén J, Ström Wiman J, Sandberg D, Nutley SB. Longitudinal associations between digital media use and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2503-2526. [PMID: 36562860 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous reviews have often shown a link between digital media ADHD symptom levels. However, longitudinal studies are needed to find stronger evidence of a causal effect as well as to determine the direction of effects. The aim of the present review (PROSPERO CRD42021262695) was therefore to provide a systematic review of studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) include longitudinal data investigating associations between digital media (i.e., gaming and social media) and later ADHD symptoms or vice versa, (2) be published within the past 10 years (i.e., 2011 until June 2021), (3) be published in a peer-reviewed journal in English, and (4) include children or adolescents (age 0-17 years). After a systematic search in the Web of Science and PsycInfo databases, we included 28 studies, all with adequate or high quality. Results showed support for reciprocal associations between digital media and ADHD symptoms, with associations being more consistent for problematic use of digital media than for screen time. Thus, children with ADHD symptoms appear more vulnerable to developing high or problematic use of digital media (i.e., selection effects), and digital media also have effects on later ADHD symptom levels, either because of specific characteristics of digital media or because of indirect effects on, for example, sleep and social relations (i.e., media effects). However, it should be emphasized that further studies investigating potential moderators and mediators are needed if we are to better understand the complex associations between digital media and ADHD symptom levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Thorell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Burén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Ström Wiman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Sandberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sissela B Nutley
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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173
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Wang J, Christensen D, Coombes SA, Wang Z. Cognitive and brain morphological deviations in middle-to-old aged autistic adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105782. [PMID: 38944227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive challenges and brain structure variations are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but are rarely explored in middle-to-old aged autistic adults. Cognitive deficits that overlap between young autistic individuals and elderlies with dementia raise an important question: does compromised cognitive ability and brain structure during early development drive autistic adults to be more vulnerable to pathological aging conditions, or does it protect them from further decline? To answer this question, we have synthesized current theoretical models of aging in ASD and conducted a systematic literature review (Jan 1, 1980 - Feb 29, 2024) and meta-analysis to summarize empirical studies on cognitive and brain deviations in middle-to-old aged autistic adults. We explored findings that support different aging theories in ASD and addressed study limitations and future directions. This review sheds light on the poorly understood consequences of aging question raised by the autism community to pave the way for future studies to identify sensitive and reliable measures that best predict the onset, progression, and prognosis of pathological aging in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Wang
- Neurocognitive and Behavioral Development Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA
| | - Danielle Christensen
- Neurocognitive and Behavioral Development Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA; Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA
| | - Stephen A Coombes
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Neurocognitive and Behavioral Development Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205, USA.
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174
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Forby L, Pazhoohi F, Kingstone A. Autistic traits and anthropomorphism: the case of vehicle fascia perception. Cogn Process 2024; 25:513-519. [PMID: 38625652 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Individuals high in autistic traits can have difficulties with social interactions which may stem from difficulties with mentalizing abilities, yet findings from research investigating anthropomorphism of non-human objects in high trait individuals are inconsistent. Measuring emotions and attributes of front-facing vehicles, individuals scoring high versus low on the AQ-10 were compared for ratings of angry-happy, hostile-friendly, masculine-feminine, and submissive-dominant, as a function of vehicle size (large versus small). Our results showed that participants perceived large vehicles as more angry, hostile, masculine, and dominant than small vehicles, with no significant difference in ratings between high and low AQ-10 scorers. The current findings support previous research reporting high autistic trait individuals' intact object processing. Our novel findings also suggest high autistic trait individuals' anthropomorphizing abilities are comparable to those found in low autistic trait individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani Forby
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Farid Pazhoohi
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
| | - Alan Kingstone
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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175
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Hunter TR, Chiew BA, McDonald S, Adhikari K. The Prevalence of Maternal Depression and Anxiety Beyond 1 Year Postpartum: A Systematic Review. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:1283-1307. [PMID: 38861188 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression and anxiety occurring beyond the 1-year postpartum period can lead to significant suffering for both mother and child. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize studies reporting the prevalence and incidence of maternal depression and anxiety beyond 1 year post-childbirth. METHODS A systematic literature review of the PsycINFO, Medline, and Embase databases identified studies reporting on the prevalence and/or incidence of depression and/or anxiety among mothers between 1 and 12 years post-childbirth. The quality of the included studies was assessed. Findings were synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS Twenty-one studies were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies reported the prevalence of depression, with 31 estimates ranging from 6.6% at 3 to 11 years post-childbirth to 41.4% at 3 to 4 years post-childbirth. Five of these studies also reported the prevalence of depression in subgroups (e.g., ethnic origin, income, marital status). Four studies reported the prevalence of anxiety, with nine estimates ranging from 3.7% at 5 years post-childbirth to 37.0% at 3 to 4 years post-childbirth. Only one study reported incidence. The quality of the included studies was variable, with most studies scoring above 7/9. CONCLUSION Maternal anxiety and depression remain prevalent beyond the first year postpartum, particularly in marginalized subgroups. Current observational studies lack consistency and produce highly variable prevalence rates, calling for more standardized measures of depression and anxiety. Clinical practice and research should consider the prevalence of maternal anxiety and depression beyond this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Raina Hunter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Sheila McDonald
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kamala Adhikari
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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176
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Simoncini Malucelli G, Mercante A, Pizza F, Brunetti V, Biscarini F, Vandi S, Mazzoni A, Franceschini C, Della Marca G, Vollono C, Chieffo DPR, Plazzi G. Exploring the emotional and behavioural profile in paediatric narcolepsy type 1: A case-control study. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14064. [PMID: 37872846 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence often arising in childhood and adolescence. NT1 has a significant, but poorly defined, psychological impact. We aimed to investigate the psycho-social functioning of children and adolescents with NT1. We performed a cross-sectional, child and parent-reported questionnaire survey in 37 children and adolescents (6-17 years) with NT1, compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Questionnaires (SSHS, ESS-CHAD, CDI, MASC, CBCL, CRS-R, and SNAP-IV) evaluated various aspects of behavioural and emotional profiles, sleep habits, and daytime sleepiness. Subsequently, NT1 intra-group analysis was performed to investigate the effect of sex (males vs females) and pharmacological treatment (treated vs non-treated) on psychological features. The NT1 questionnaires total scores were then correlated with the clinical characteristics (age, body mass index [BMI], ESS-CHAD score, cerebrospinal hypocretin-1 [Hcrt-1] levels, and diagnostic delay). Patients with NT1 showed a higher tendency to depressive symptoms, anxiety, somatisation, inattention, hyperactivity, oppositional/defiant problems, and other maladaptive behaviours compared with controls. Among NT1 patients, females showed a higher propensity to anxiety, and non-treated patients displayed higher depressive symptoms. Psychological symptoms increased with age, BMI, and daytime sleepiness in patients with NT1, while a younger age was associated with more frequent somatisation symptoms. Lower cerebrospinal Hcrt-1 levels correlated with poorer social competencies, daily activities, and inattention. Diagnostic delay was associated with a higher impact of depressive symptoms and behavioural problems. NT1 in children and adolescents is associated with poorer functioning in multiple psychological domains calling for a multidisciplinary approach and monitoring to reduce disease burden and to prevent psychiatric consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Mercante
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Pizza
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Brunetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC di Neurologia - Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Biscarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Vandi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Mazzoni
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Della Marca
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC di Neurologia - Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Catello Vollono
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC di Neurofisiopatologia - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department Women Children and Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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177
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Johnco CJ, Zagic D, Rapee RM, Kangas M, Wuthrich VM. Long-term remission and relapse of anxiety and depression in older adults after Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): A 10-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:440-448. [PMID: 38723682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the long-term durability of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for older adults with comorbid anxiety and depression 10 years after treatment, in comparison to an active control group. METHOD Participants from a randomised controlled trial for older adults with comorbid anxiety and depression (Wuthrich et al., 2016) were re-contacted. Participants had received either group CBT or an active control treatment (Discussion Group). The final sample (N = 54; Aged 70-84, Mage = 76.07, SD = 3.83; 59 % of the eligible original sample) completed a diagnostic interview, cognitive assessment and self-report measures of symptoms and quality of life. RESULTS CBT was associated with significantly improved long-term (10-year) efficacy for reducing anxiety and depression in older adults compared to the Discussion group. Effects included higher rates of remission (58 % remission of all diagnoses vs 27 %, 88 % of all depressive diagnoses vs 54 %, 63 % of all anxiety diagnoses vs 35 %, 67 % of primary diagnosis vs 42 %), lower rates of relapse (25-31 % vs 50-78 %) and lower rates of chronic treatment-resistance (8 % primary disorder vs 39 %, 21 % any disorder vs 58 %). Participants who showed an acute treatment response at post-treatment were 7-9 times more likely to be in remission after 10 years than those with residual symptoms. LIMITATIONS Results may not generalise to those who do not complete CBT, and the time trajectory of symptom change is unclear. CONCLUSIONS Long-term improvements in symptoms are specific to CBT. Results provide compelling evidence for CBT as an effective and durable treatment for late-life anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Johnco
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Dino Zagic
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Kangas
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Viviana M Wuthrich
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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178
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Wastler HM, Mengda Y, Pan X, Bornheimer LA, Moe AM, Breitborde NJK. Trajectories of suicidal risk among individuals with first-episode psychosis: Relationship to recovery and symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2024; 338:115978. [PMID: 38823163 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study examined trajectories of suicide-risk and their relationship to symptoms, recovery, and quality of life over time. Data was obtained from the Recovery after an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP) study. 404 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) completed measures of suicide-risk, depression, positive symptoms, recovery, and quality of life at baseline, 6mo, 12mo, 18mo, and 24mo. Latent class analysis was used to identify temporal trajectories of suicide-risk. General linear mixed models for repeated measures were used to examine the relationship between the latent trajectories of suicide-risk and clinical variables. Results identified three latent trajectories of suicide-risk (low-risk, worsening, and improving). The low-risk and improving classes experienced improvements in depression, positive symptoms, quality of life, and recovery over time. The worsening class experienced improvements in positive symptoms and quality of life, but no change in depression or recovery. These results suggest that some individuals with FEP are at risk for persistent depression and worsening suicide-risk during treatment despite experiencing improvements in positive symptoms and quality of life. These findings have important clinical implications, as persistent depression and worsening suicide-risk might be masked by the primary focus on positive symptoms and quality of life in most FEP clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Mengda
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, OH, United States
| | - Xueliang Pan
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, OH, United States
| | | | - Aubrey M Moe
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, OH, United States
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179
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Leri J, Cisler JM, Dodd CG, Clark SL, Taylor L, Theodorou A, Belford A, Liberzon I, Rathouz PJ, Newport DJ, Devargas C, Wagner K, Nemeroff CB. The role of recurrent trauma on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and substance use among trauma exposed youth. Psychiatry Res 2024; 338:115980. [PMID: 38833935 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder may be explained by a prospective trauma risk conferred by both conditions. The current study modeled concurrent and prospective associations of trauma, PTSD symptoms, and substance use (SU) behavior among trauma exposed youth (ages 8-20). Clinical interviews assessed trauma exposure, PTSD symptom severity, and SU behavior at baseline and at six- and 12-month follow up study visits (N = 2,069). Structural equation models assessed the associations of trauma, PTSD symptoms, and SU behavior. Lifetime trauma was associated with more severe PTSD symptoms and SU behaviors, whereas trauma exposure during the study was only associated with PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptom severity was prospectively associated with trauma exposure. PTSD symptom severity and SU behavior at follow-up study visits were prospectively associated. These results highlight the dynamic interplay between trauma, PTSD symptoms, and SU behavior during youth, a developmental period during which complex psychiatric presentations can have longstanding consequences for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Leri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Josh M Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Cody G Dodd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
| | - Shaunna L Clark
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Leslie Taylor
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
| | - Arrian Theodorou
- The University of North Texas Health Science Center, United States
| | - Anissa Belford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, United States
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Paul J Rathouz
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, United States
| | - D Jeffrey Newport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Women's Health, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, United States
| | - Cecilia Devargas
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, United States
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, United States
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity Street, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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180
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Chen S, Park EC, Harris LM, Sigel AN, Broshek CE, Joiner TE, Ribeiro JD. Beyond words: Semantic satiation and the mental accessibility of the concept of suicide. Behav Res Ther 2024; 179:104573. [PMID: 38781625 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Disrupting the accessibility of the mental representation of suicide may be a possible pathway to a strategy for suicide prevention. Our study aims to theoretically evaluate this perspective by examining the impact of temporarily disrupting the concept of suicide on perceptions of suicide. Using a within-subject design, we tested the effects of semantic satiation targeting the word "suicide" on the perceptual judgment of suicide-relevant pictures in 104 young adults. On each trial, participants repeated aloud one of the three words (i.e., "accident," "murder," or "suicide") either three times (priming) or 30 times (satiation) and indicated whether a subsequent picture matched with the word. Results indicated that satiation of the word "suicide" slowed the accurate categorization of pictures related to all three words, and satiation of "murder" and "accident" delayed participants' judgment of suicide-relevant pictures. Our findings support that semantic satiation can render the suicide concept temporarily less accessible, thereby providing preliminary support for the strategy of concept disruption in suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Chen
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA.
| | - Esther C Park
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA
| | | | - Anika N Sigel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA
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181
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Epe-Jungeblodt F, Pauli P, Schwab F, Andreatta M. Trauma history and course of therapy in a naturalistic cognitive behavior therapy outpatient sample: An archive data study. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1937-1948. [PMID: 38747513 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for anxiety and depression disorders. Nonetheless, nearly 50% of all patients do not respond. Besides other factors, nonresponse may be linked to traumatic life events. This study aims to assess the relationship between trauma history, applied therapy interventions, and therapy outcomes. METHODS We analyzed data from 340 CBT outpatients diagnosed with a depression or anxiety disorder and possibly a trauma history treated under naturalistic conditions. Based on their therapy files, we collected information on trauma history, diagnoses, applied interventions, and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms at the start and end of therapy. The relationship between trauma, diagnoses, and intervention use and the development of depression and anxiety symptoms was analyzed using Linear Mixed Models. RESULTS Patients with a trauma history reported higher pre- and posttreatment symptom severity than those without trauma. No differences in applied interventions or decrease in symptom severity were found between patients with and without a trauma history. Specialized interventions were seldom applied. CONCLUSION Although no differences between patients with and without a trauma history were found in therapy response, patients with a trauma history maintained higher levels of symptom severity. These results indicate a need for more personalized interventions and evidence-based guidelines to personalize CBT for patients with a trauma history and high symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Epe-Jungeblodt
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schwab
- Department of Media Psychology, Institute Human-Computer-Media, Faculty of Human Sciences, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marta Andreatta
- Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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182
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Sapkota D, Ogilvie J, Dennison S, Thompson C, Allard T. Prevalence of mental disorders among Australian females: Comparison according to motherhood status using Australian birth cohort data. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:625-635. [PMID: 38378871 PMCID: PMC11230990 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies examining mental disorders among women have primarily focused on either depression, anxiety, or substance use disorders and not included the broader spectrum of mental disorders. Mixed evidence exists on the prevalence rates of mental disorders among mothers. This study compares the prevalence of different mental disorders and mental comorbidities between mothers and non-mothers and assesses correlates of mental disorders among mothers. METHODS A population-based birth cohort design was adopted, consisting of 40,416 females born in Queensland, Australia, in 1983/84. Linked administrative data from hospital admissions were used to identify mental disorders. Cumulative incidence curves of different mental disorders were created separately for mothers and non-mothers. RESULTS Mental disorder prevalence among females by age 29-31 years was 7.8% (11.0% for mothers and 5.2% for non-mothers). Mothers were overrepresented in almost all categories of mental disorders, with overrepresentation becoming more pronounced with age. Mothers with a mental disorder were more likely to be unmarried, Indigenous, young at birth of first child, have greater disadvantage, and have a single child, compared to mothers without a mental disorder. Nearly half of the mothers (46.9%) had received a mental disorder diagnosis before having their first child. CONCLUSIONS Mothers, particularly unmarried, Indigenous, having greater disadvantage, and younger at birth of first child, represent a unique group with high vulnerability to mental disorders, that begins in childhood and is amplified with age. Presence of significant mental disorder comorbidities among females highlights the critical importance of a comprehensive, integrated approach to prevent and address multiple comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sapkota
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia.
| | - James Ogilvie
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susan Dennison
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carleen Thompson
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Troy Allard
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane, QLD, 4122, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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183
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Gong X, Hu B, Liao S, Qi B, He Q, Xia LX. Neural basis of reward expectancy inducing proactive aggression. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:694-706. [PMID: 38819625 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Proactive aggression refers to deliberate and unprovoked behavior, typically motivated by personal gain or expected reward. Reward expectancy is generally recognized as a critical factor that may influence proactive aggression, but its neural mechanisms remain unknown. We conducted a task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment to investigate the relationship between reward expectancy and proactive aggression. 37 participants (20 females, mean age = 20.8 ± 1.42, age range = 18-23 years) completed a reward-harm task. In the experiment, reward valence expectancy and reward possibility expectancy were manipulated respectively by varying amounts (low: 0.5-1.5 yuan; high: 10.5-11.5 yuan) and possibilities (low: 10%-30%; high: 70%-90%) of money that participants could obtain by choosing to aggress. Participants received fMRI scans throughout the experiment. Brain activation regions associated with reward expectancy mainly involve the middle frontal gyrus, lingual gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, anterior cuneus, caudate nucleus, inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, anterior central gyrus, and posterior central gyrus. Associations between brain activation and reward expectancy in the left insula, left middle frontal gyrus, left thalamus, and right middle frontal gyrus were found to be related to proactive aggression. Furthermore, the brain activation regions primarily involved in proactive aggression induced by reward expectancy were the insula, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, pallidum, and caudate nucleus. Under conditions of high reward expectancy, participants engage in more proactive aggressive behavior. Reward expectancy involves the activation of reward- and social-cognition-related brain regions, and these associations are instrumental in proactive aggressive decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gong
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bohua Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Senrong Liao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bingxin Qi
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ling-Xiang Xia
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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184
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Parvizi-Wayne D, Severs L. When the interoceptive and conceptual clash: The case of oppositional phenomenal self-modelling in Tourette syndrome. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:660-680. [PMID: 38777988 PMCID: PMC11233343 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) has been associated with a rich set of symptoms that are said to be uncomfortable, unwilled, and effortful to manage. Furthermore, tics, the canonical characteristic of TS, are multifaceted, and their onset and maintenance is complex. A formal account that integrates these features of TS symptomatology within a plausible theoretical framework is currently absent from the field. In this paper, we assess the explanatory power of hierarchical generative modelling in accounting for TS symptomatology from the perspective of active inference. We propose a fourfold analysis of sensory, motor, and cognitive phenomena associated with TS. In Section 1, we characterise tics as a form of action aimed at sensory attenuation. In Section 2, we introduce the notion of epistemic ticcing and describe such behaviour as the search for evidence that there is an agent (i.e., self) at the heart of the generative hierarchy. In Section 3, we characterise both epistemic (sensation-free) and nonepistemic (sensational) tics as habitual behaviour. Finally, in Section 4, we propose that ticcing behaviour involves an inevitable conflict between distinguishable aspects of selfhood; namely, between the minimal phenomenal sense of self-which is putatively underwritten by interoceptive inference-and the explicit preferences that constitute the individual's conceptual sense of self. In sum, we aim to provide an empirically informed analysis of TS symptomatology under active inference, revealing a continuity between covert and overt features of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Parvizi-Wayne
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK.
| | - L Severs
- Centre for the Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institute of Philosophy II, Bochum, Germany
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185
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Close J, Arshad SH, Soffer SL, Lewis J, Benton TD. Adolescent Health in the Post-Pandemic Era: Evolving Stressors, Interventions, and Prevention Strategies amid Rising Depression and Suicidality. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024; 71:583-600. [PMID: 39003003 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Prior to COVID-19, there were already increasing rates of youth with mental health concerns, including an increase in youth presenting to medical emergency departments (EDs) with mental health chief complaints and limited access to treatment. This trend worsened during the pandemic, and rates of youth presenting to medical EDs with suicidal ideation and self-harm increased 50% from 2019 to 2022. This resulted in a "boarding" crisis, in part, due to a lack of inpatient psychiatric hospitalization beds, and many youth were left without access to adequate treatment. Additional study of innovations in health care delivery will be paramount in meeting this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeylan Close
- National Clinician Scholars Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Child & Family Mental Health & Community Psychiatry Division, Duke University School of Medicine, 710 West Main Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, 710 West Main Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Sarah H Arshad
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and UC Irvine School of Medicine, The Hub for Clinical Collaboration, DCAPBS, Floor 12, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen L Soffer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 4601 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19139, USA
| | - Jason Lewis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 4601 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19139, USA
| | - Tami D Benton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 4601 Market Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19139, USA
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186
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Tan Y, Lyu R, Lu S. Reducing parenting stress in Chinese parents of children with learning disabilities with a mindful parenting program: A randomized controlled trial. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 151:104794. [PMID: 38964212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents raising children with Learning Disabilities (LDs) often face multiple challenges and high levels of parenting stress, especially in societies with intense academic competitions. Mindful parenting (MP) is an emerging approach that brings mindful awareness to parent-child interactions and is found effective in reducing parenting stress in various parent populations. AIMS This study examined the effectivenesss of an 8-week online MP program on Chinese parents of children with LDs. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A MP program was adapted and implemented in an online format with 69 parents of children with LDs. A randomized controlled trial design was used to examine the efficacy of the mindful parenting group compared with a wait-list control group. Parenting stress, mindful parenting and self-compassion were assessed pre- and post-intervention. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Compared with the wait-list control group, the MP group participants showed decreased parenting stress (d = 0.62, p < 0.05), improved mindful parenting (d = 0.63, p < 0.05), and increased self-compassion (d = 0.61, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings support the effectiveness of an online MP intervention in reducing parenting stress and increasing mindful parenting and self-compassion among Chinese parents of children with LDs. The behavioral and intrapersonal aspects of MP are more amenable to improvement, whereas the attitudinal and interpersonal aspects, particularly non-judgmental acceptance and compassion towards the child, are resistant to change. Future studies should explore strategies to enhance these attitudinal aspects and interpersonal processes of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Tan
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519087, Guangdong, China; Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, 10 Wai Tsui Crescent, Braemar Hill, North Point, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Renhui Lyu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shuang Lu
- School of Social Work, University of Central Florida, 12805 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL, USA.
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187
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Tang X, Turesky TK, Escalante ES, Loh MY, Xia M, Yu X, Gaab N. Longitudinal associations between language network characteristics in the infant brain and school-age reading abilities are mediated by early-developing phonological skills. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 68:101405. [PMID: 38875769 PMCID: PMC11225703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Reading acquisition is a prolonged learning process relying on language development starting in utero. Behavioral longitudinal studies reveal prospective associations between infant language abilities and preschool/kindergarten phonological development that relates to subsequent reading performance. While recent pediatric neuroimaging work has begun to characterize the neural network underlying language development in infants, how this neural network scaffolds long-term language and reading acquisition remains unknown. We addressed this question in a 7-year longitudinal study from infancy to school-age. Seventy-six infants completed resting-state fMRI scanning, and underwent standardized language assessments in kindergarten. Of this larger cohort, forty-one were further assessed on their emergent word reading abilities after receiving formal reading instructions. Hierarchical clustering analyses identified a modular infant language network in which functional connectivity (FC) of the inferior frontal module prospectively correlated with kindergarten-age phonological skills and emergent word reading abilities. These correlations were obtained when controlling for infant age at scan, nonverbal IQ and parental education. Furthermore, kindergarten-age phonological skills mediated the relationship between infant FC and school-age reading abilities, implying a critical mid-way milestone for long-term reading development from infancy. Overall, our findings illuminate the neurobiological mechanisms by which infant language capacities could scaffold long-term reading acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ted K Turesky
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Escalante
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Megan Yf Loh
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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188
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van Leeuwen GJ, van den Heuvel MM, Bindels PJE, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, van Middelkoop M. Musculoskeletal pain in 13-year-old children: the generation R study. Pain 2024; 165:1806-1813. [PMID: 38345060 PMCID: PMC11247448 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a common reason for consultation in general practice and frequently reported in children and adolescents. This study examined the prevalence of MSK pain in 13-year-old children and assessed associations with physical and psychosocial factors. Data from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort, was used. Prevalence and characteristics of MSK pain were assessed, using a pain mannequin, at 13 years of age (N = 3062). Demographics and data on physical activity, sedentary behaviors, previous reported MSK pain, and behavioral problems were extracted from questionnaires. The body mass index (BMI) SD-score was calculated from objectively measured weight and height. A prevalence of 23.3% was found for MSK pain in children of which 87.2% persisted for more than 3 months (ie, chronic), 45.5% experienced pain daily. More physically active children and children with a higher BMI reported MSK pain more frequently compared with non-MSK pain and no pain. The knee was the most often reported location. Children with MSK pain were more likely to have reported MSK pain at 6 years. Multivariable analyses showed significant associations for male sex (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.98), high maternal educational (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.96), higher BMI (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.35), being physically active (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.91), and behavioral problems (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.33-2.59) with the presence of MSK pain. The chronic nature of MSK pain in combination with the relatively high prevalence of MSK pain in this study shows that MSK pain is already an important problem at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra
- Departments of General Practice and
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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189
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Gao Y, Staginnus M. Cortical structure and subcortical volumes in conduct disorder: a coordinated analysis of 15 international cohorts from the ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior Working Group. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:620-632. [PMID: 39025633 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conduct disorder is associated with the highest burden of any mental disorder in childhood, yet its neurobiology remains unclear. Inconsistent findings limit our understanding of the role of brain structure alterations in conduct disorder. This study aims to identify the most robust and replicable brain structural correlates of conduct disorder. METHODS The ENIGMA-Antisocial Behavior Working Group performed a coordinated analysis of structural MRI data from 15 international cohorts. Eligibility criteria were a mean sample age of 18 years or less, with data available on sex, age, and diagnosis of conduct disorder, and at least ten participants with conduct disorder and ten typically developing participants. 3D T1-weighted MRI brain scans of all participants were pre-processed using ENIGMA-standardised protocols. We assessed group differences in cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes using general linear models, adjusting for age, sex, and total intracranial volume. Group-by-sex and group-by-age interactions, and DSM-subtype comparisons (childhood-onset vs adolescent-onset, and low vs high levels of callous-unemotional traits) were investigated. People with lived experience of conduct disorder were not involved in this study. FINDINGS We collated individual participant data from 1185 young people with conduct disorder (339 [28·6%] female and 846 [71·4%] male) and 1253 typically developing young people (446 [35·6%] female and 807 [64·4%] male), with a mean age of 13·5 years (SD 3·0; range 7-21). Information on race and ethnicity was not available. Relative to typically developing young people, the conduct disorder group had lower surface area in 26 cortical regions and lower total surface area (Cohen's d 0·09-0·26). Cortical thickness differed in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex (d 0·16) and the banks of the superior temporal sulcus (d -0·13). The conduct disorder group also had smaller amygdala (d 0·13), nucleus accumbens (d 0·11), thalamus (d 0·14), and hippocampus (d 0·12) volumes. Most differences remained significant after adjusting for ADHD comorbidity or intelligence quotient. No group-by-sex or group-by-age interactions were detected. Few differences were found between DSM-defined conduct disorder subtypes. However, individuals with high callous-unemotional traits showed more widespread differences compared with controls than those with low callous-unemotional traits. INTERPRETATION Our findings provide robust evidence of subtle yet widespread brain structural alterations in conduct disorder across subtypes and sexes, mostly in surface area. These findings provide further evidence that brain alterations might contribute to conduct disorder. Greater consideration of this under-recognised disorder is needed in research and clinical practice. FUNDING Academy of Medical Sciences and Economic and Social Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Gao
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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190
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Molins F, Ben-Hassen Jemni N, Garrote-Petisco D, Serrano MÁ. Highly logical and non-emotional decisions in both risky and social contexts: understanding decision making in autism spectrum disorder through computational modeling. Cogn Process 2024; 25:503-512. [PMID: 38526667 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In risky contexts, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) individuals exhibit more logical consistency and non-emotional decisions than do typical adults (TAs). This way of deciding could be also prevailing in social contexts, leading to maladaptive decisions. This evidence is scarce and inconsistent, and further research is needed. Recent developments in computational modeling allow analysis of decisional subcomponents that could provide valuable information to understand the decision-making and help address inconsistencies. Twenty-seven individuals with ASD and 25 TAs were submitted to a framing-task and the ultimatum game (UG). The Rescorla-Wagner computational model was used to analyze UG decisions. Results showed that in the UG, the ASD group exhibited a higher utilitarianism, characterized by lower aversion to unfairness and higher acceptance of offers. Moreover, this way of deciding was predicted by the higher economic rationality found in the framing task, where people with ASD did not manifest emotional biases such as framing effect. These results could suggest an atypical decision making, highly logical and non-emotional, as a robust feature of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Molins
- Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nour Ben-Hassen Jemni
- Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrote-Petisco
- Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Serrano
- Department of Psychobiology, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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191
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Yeung TS, Greene RK, Dick CC, Duvall SW. Females evaluated for autism: characteristics and co-occurring and differential DSM-5 diagnoses. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:1481-1500. [PMID: 38037328 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2281709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: While sex differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been identified in areas such as neurocognitive functioning, behavior patterns, and diagnostic criteria, less work has focused on differences within females referred for ASD evaluation, including those who did not go on to receive a diagnosis. This study examined psychological and behavioral characteristics and co-occurring and differential DSM-5 diagnoses between pediatric female participants who received an ASD diagnosis (ASD+) and those who did not (ASD-). Method: Data on cognitive functioning, adaptive functioning, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and ADOS-2 scores were analyzed among 137 3- to 20-year-old patients. The sample was divided into two age groups (ages 3-8 and ages 9-20) for analyses of between-group differences (ASD+ vs. ASD-) and predictors of group membership. Results: Females in the ASD+ group were significantly younger, had lower cognitive scores, lower internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and had higher Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) scores than those in the ASD- group. ADOS-2 scores were also the only significant predictor of ASD group membership across age groups. The ASD+ group had a higher percentage of intellectual disability while the ASD- group had higher percentages of anxiety disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and disruptive behavior disorders. Conclusions: Psychological and behavioral presentations among females referred for ASD evaluation varied with age and ASD diagnostic groups. These results highlight potential female differences in ASD referrals and identification of ASD and the need to improve care for females in consideration of demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tat Shing Yeung
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University and Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rachel K Greene
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University and Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Catherine C Dick
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University and Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Susanne W Duvall
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Institute on Development and Disability, Oregon Health & Science University and Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
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192
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Dissanayake AS, Dupuis A, Arnold PD, Burton CL, Crosbie J, Schachar RJ, Levy T. Is irritability multidimensional: Psychometrics of The Irritability and Dysregulation of Emotion Scale (TIDES-13). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2767-2780. [PMID: 38228758 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Irritability is a common, impairing, and potentially multifaceted manifestation of psychopathology. We designed The Irritability and Dysregulation of Emotion Scale (TIDES-13) to determine whether various expressions of irritability in children and youth form multiple subdimensions with distinct correlates. We administered parent-report (n = 3875, mean age = 8.9) and youth self-report (n = 579, mean age = 15.1) versions of TIDES-13 in a population and community-based sample. We conducted exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses and regression analyses to examine the dimensionality of TIDES-13 and the associations of the scale with age, gender, anxiety, depression, ODD, ADHD traits, and the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI). A higher-order model with a global irritability dimension and four subdimensions, including proneness to anger (PA), internalized negative emotional reactivity (iNER), externalized negative emotional reactivity (eNER), and reactive aggression (RA), showed good to excellent fit in both parent-report and self-report. The global irritability dimension showed excellent internal reliability (⍵Total; parent-report = 0.97, ⍵Total; self-report = 0.95), explained a majority of the item variance (⍵Hierarchical; parent-report = 0.94, ⍵Hierarchical; self-report = 0.90), and was moderately correlated with the ARI (rparent = 0.68, rself = 0.77). Subdimensions PA, eNER, and RA were negatively associated with age in males, whereas iNER was positively associated with age in females. Traits of ODD and ADHD were associated primarily with the global irritability dimension, whereas iNER was strongly associated with anxiety and depression traits over and above the global irritability dimension. Our results support a unidimensional interpretation of irritability in a population sample. However, limited evidence of specific behavioral, age, and sex correlates with particular irritability subdimensions may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christie L Burton
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health/Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health/Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Neurosciences and Mental Health/Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Tomer Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Behavior Regulation Service, Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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193
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Liles SM, Crerand CE, Buchanan C, Chan YM, Chen D, Hansen-Moore J, Tishelman AC, Umbaugh H, Nahata L. Healthcare communication satisfaction and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents and young adults with differences of sex development. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 125:108294. [PMID: 38669761 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined: (1) healthcare communication satisfaction and psychosocial outcomes (resilience, QoL, and psychological adjustment) in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with differences of sex development (DSD), (2) differences in psychosocial outcomes between those who were highly satisfied and those who were less satisfied, and (3) group differences between adolescents (ages 12-17) and young adults (ages 18-26) regarding associations with healthcare communication and psychosocial outcomes. METHODS AYA with DSD across four study sites reported on satisfaction with healthcare communication and psychosocial outcomes. Analyses included descriptive statistics (aim 1), independent samples t-tests (aim 2), and Pearson's correlations (aim 3). RESULTS Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with healthcare communication. Higher healthcare communication satisfaction was associated with greater resilience (p = .01), better QoL (p = .02), and fewer internalizing problems (p = .04). For adolescents, higher healthcare communication satisfaction was associated with better psychosocial outcomes (p values ranging from.01-.04). No significant associations were found in the young adult group. CONCLUSIONS Satisfaction with healthcare communication is related to positive psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with DSD. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS These data underscore the importance of optimizing communication with families, engaging AYA in early and ongoing discussions about their care, and including psychosocial providers in DSD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Liles
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Canice E Crerand
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Cindy Buchanan
- Univeristy of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Diane Chen
- Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Jennifer Hansen-Moore
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Amy C Tishelman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, USA
| | - Hailey Umbaugh
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Leena Nahata
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA.
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194
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Wilson K, Batool K, Duan TY, Cameron CA, Lee K. Cheating in childhood: Exploring the link between parental reports of problem behaviors and dishonesty on simulated academic tests. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 244:105948. [PMID: 38754332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between parental reports of children's behavioral problems and their cheating behaviors on simulated academic tests, addressing a significant gap in understanding early childhood academic cheating and its potential links to broader behavioral issues. We hypothesized that children's early problem behaviors would be predictive of their academic cheating. To test these hypotheses, children aged 4 to 12 years took part in six unmonitored academic tests that measured their cheating behaviors while their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire elsewhere. Separate hierarchical linear regressions revealed that children's problem behaviors, as reported by parents, overall significantly predict children's cheating behaviors even after accounting for demographic variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, and parental religiosity. Specifically, the Conduct Problems subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire showed a significant and unique association with children's cheating behaviors above and beyond the common contributions of all predictors. However, the Child Behavior Checklist scores and the scores on the other Strengths and Difficulties subscales were not significantly or uniquely related to cheating. These findings offer new insight into simulated childhood academic cheating and its relation to problem behaviors observed by parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Kanza Batool
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6, Canada.
| | - Tz-Yu Duan
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Catherine Ann Cameron
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Kang Lee
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6, Canada.
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195
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Bogaert L, Hallford D, Loyen E, D'Argembeau A, Raes F. Recalling and anticipating positive events to improve the positive affect and mental health of adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial in secondary schools. Behav Res Ther 2024; 179:104543. [PMID: 38744140 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This cluster randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of Positive Events Training (PET), a combined group training aimed at simultaneously improving positive autobiographical memory (AM) and episodic future thinking (EFT) among adolescents (12-16 years). Delivered as a universal school-based program, PET was compared with an active (creative writing) control group (CREAT). Effects on resilience, wellbeing, positive emotions, emotional response styles towards positive emotions (savoring, dampening), anhedonia, depressive symptoms, and multiple AM and EFT indices were examined. Adolescents (NPET = 95, NCREAT = 93) completed self-report scales at baseline, post-training and two-month follow-up. Multilevel models revealed that PET led to significant improvements in certain AM and EFT skills. Moreover, a decrease in anhedonia was observed at post-training. However, this effect did not withstand correction for multiple testing. Absence of changes in the other outcomes should be interpreted within the context of the universal school-based approach and the potential limited scope for detectable changes. Exploratory analyses suggest the importance of further investigating PET's potential in addressing positive affect dysregulations in indicated samples, and exploring perceived likelihood of generated future events and dampening as potential underlying mechanisms. Study limitations and future directions to maximize the demonstrated potential of PET are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bogaert
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - D Hallford
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Road, Geelong, Australia
| | - E Loyen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - A D'Argembeau
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - F Raes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
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196
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Barnert ES. Childhood Behind Bars: Children and the US Juvenile Legal System. Adv Pediatr 2024; 71:29-40. [PMID: 38944487 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This article examines the epidemiology of the US juvenile legal system, which disproportionately impacts youth with multiple marginalized identities and exacerbates health inequities. Policy changes that can improve the treatment of children who display disruptive behavior are highlighted, so as to lay out a path forward for supporting children and enhancing health equity while bolstering public safety. Finally, this article concludes that the systemic racism pervasive in the juvenile legal system signals an important role for pediatrics to advance racial equity and transform our approach to childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, 10955 LeConte Avenue MDCC 12-476, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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197
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Lennon N, Yard E. Risk and protective factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Black female and male youth with depression symptoms - United States, 2004-2019. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:121-128. [PMID: 38703904 PMCID: PMC11221200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From 2004 to 2019, suicide rates among Black youth increased by 122 % for females and 65 % for males. Guided by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study explored how perceptions of social support and parental involvement may contribute to suicidal behavior among Black youth aged 12-17 years. METHODS Data are from the 2004-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Multivariable logistic regression with backwards elimination was conducted to determine if characteristics associated with outcomes of interest (i.e., suicidal ideation, made a suicide plan, and made a suicide attempt) differed by sex. The characteristics examined included: age, poverty level, health insurance coverage, currently receiving mental health treatment, grades for last completed semester, parental involvement, frequency of arguments or fights with parents, frequency of fights at school or work, parental attitudes, and availability of emotional support. RESULTS Over 400,000 Black youth with depression symptoms reported suicidal thoughts and behaviors (80 % female). Females had increased odds of suicidal ideation and making a plan if they had no one to talk to about serious problems. Males had increased odds of attempting suicide if they reported academic struggles. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study and potential biases may affect generalizability of results. CONCLUSIONS Risk and protective factors identified in this study aligned with the interpersonal theory of suicide. Evidence-based interventions that focus on increasing connectedness and self-esteem may be effective for Black youth struggling with suicidal ideation. Preventing suicide requires a comprehensive approach including prevention strategies for individuals, families, and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Yard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Global Health, Global Health Protection and Security, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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198
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Luo L, Luo Y, Chen X, Xiao M, Bian Z, Leng X, Li W, Wang J, Yang Y, Liu Y, Chen H. Structural and functional neural patterns among sub-threshold bulimia nervosa: Abnormalities in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 342:111825. [PMID: 38833945 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered eating behaviors are prevalent among youngsters and highly associated with dysfunction in neurocognitive systems. We aimed to identify the potential changes in individuals with bulimia symptoms (sub-BN) to generate insights to understand developmental pathophysiology of bulimia nervosa. METHODS We investigated group differences in terms of degree centrality (DC) and gray matter volume (GMV) among 145 undergraduates with bulimia symptoms and 140 matched control undergraduates, with the secondary analysis of the whole brain connectivity in these regions of interest showing differences in static functional connectivity (FC). RESULTS The sub-BN group exhibited abnormalities of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right orbitofrontal cortex in both GMV and DC, and displayed decreased FC between these regions and the precuneus. We also observed that sub-BN presented with reduced FC between the calcarine and superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus. Additionally, brain-behavioral associations suggest a distinct relationship between these FCs and psychopathological symptoms in sub-BN group. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that individuals with bulimia symptoms present with aberrant neural patterns that mainly involved in cognitive control and reward processing, as well as attentional and self-referential processing, which could provide important insights into the pathology of BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ziming Bian
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuechen Leng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China.
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199
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Kornisch M, Gonzalez C, Ikuta T. Functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 342:111848. [PMID: 38896910 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) brain scans of adolescents diagnosed with ASD and a neurotypical control group. The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) consortium was utilized to acquire data from the University of Michigan (145 subjects) and data from the New York University (183 subjects). The posterior cingulate cortex showed reduced connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex for the ASD group compared to the control group. These two brain regions have previously both been linked to ASD symptomology. Specifically, the posterior cingulate cortex has been associated with behavioral control and executive functions, which appear to be responsible for the repetitive and restricted behaviors (RRB) in ASD. Our findings support previous data indicating a neurobiological basis of the disorder, and the specific functional connectivity changes involving the posterior cingulate cortex and anterior cingulate cortex may be a potential neurobiological biomarker for the observed RRBs in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Kornisch
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Claudia Gonzalez
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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200
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Schmidt ME, Kezic I, Popova V, Melkote R, Van Der Ark P, Pemberton DJ, Mareels G, Canuso CM, Fava M, Drevets WC. Efficacy and safety of aticaprant, a kappa receptor antagonist, adjunctive to oral SSRI/SNRI antidepressant in major depressive disorder: results of a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1437-1447. [PMID: 38649428 PMCID: PMC11251157 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This was a double-blind, randomized, phase 2 study of adults (18-64 years) with DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), with moderate-to-severe episode severity (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] ≥25) despite an adequate course with ongoing antidepressant for ≥6 weeks to ≤12 months. Following a double-blind placebo lead-in period (up to 3 weeks), participants were randomized to receive once daily aticaprant 10 mg or continue placebo, added to their ongoing treatment, for 6 weeks. Of 184 participants enrolled, 169 were included in safety analyses (aticaprant n = 85, placebo n = 84) and 166 in full intent-to-treat (fITT) efficacy analyses; 121 placebo lead-in non-responders (<30% reduction in MADRS total score) in fITT were included in enriched ITT (eITT) analyses. Improvement (least squares mean difference [upper limit 1-sided 80% CI] versus placebo) in MADRS total score at week 6 for aticaprant was significant versus placebo (eITT: -2.1 [-1.09], 1-sided p = 0.044; effect size (ES) 0.23; fITT -3.1 [2.21], 1-sided p = 0.002; ES 0.36). The between-group difference was larger among participants with Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) score greater/equal to versus less than baseline median SHAPS. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events reported for aticaprant (versus placebo) were headache (11.8% versus 7.1%), diarrhea (8.2% versus 2.4%), nasopharyngitis (5.9% versus 2.4%), and pruritus (5.9% versus 0%). One participant (1.2%) in each arm discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. In this study of participants with MDD and inadequate response to SSRI/SNRI, adjunctive treatment with aticaprant significantly reduced depressive symptoms versus placebo, without resulting in significant safety signals, supporting further investigation in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Kezic
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Rama Melkote
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Guy Mareels
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Carla M Canuso
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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