201
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Xiong X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xie J, Bian Y, Yin Q, Tong R, Yu D, Pan L. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA)-mediated ER stress crosstalk with autophagy is involved in tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate stress-induced cardiac fibrosis. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111972. [PMID: 36087434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) use in consumer products has been reported to increase human disease susceptibility. However, the adverse effects of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (a chlorinated alkyl OPFR) on the heart remain unknown. In this study, we tested whether cardiac fibrosis occurred in animal models of TCEP (10 mg/kg b.w./day) administered continuously by gavage for 30 days and evaluated the specific role of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). First, we confirmed that TCEP could trigger cardiac fibrosis by histopathological observation and cardiac fibrosis markers. We further verified that cardiac fibrosis occurred in animal models of TCEP exposure accompanied by SERCA2a, SERCA2b and SERCA2c downregulation. Notably, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis revealed that the cardiac concentrations of Ca2+ increased by 45.3% after TCEP exposure. Using 4-Isopropoxy-N-(2-methylquinolin-8-yl)benzamide (CDN1163, a small molecule SERCA activator), we observed that Ca2+ overload and subsequent cardiac fibrosis caused by TCEP were both alleviated. Simultaneously, the protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) markers (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α)) were upregulated by TCEP, which could be abrogated by CDN1163 pretreatment. Furthermore, we observed that CDN1163 supplementation prevented overactive autophagy induced by TCEP in the heart. Mechanistically, TCEP could lead to Ca2+ overload by inhibiting the expression of SERCA, thereby triggering ER stress and overactive autophagy, eventually resulting in cardiac fibrosis. Together, our results suggest that the Ca2+ overload/ER stress/autophagy axis can act as a driver of cardiotoxicity induced by TCEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Lingai Pan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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202
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Pantelaki I, Voutsa D. Occurrence and removal of organophosphate esters in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Thessaloniki, Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113908. [PMID: 35843273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An integrate study regarding the occurrence and fate of eleven organophosphate esters (OPEs) was conducted at two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the area of Thessaloniki, Greece. Both plants employed conventional activated sludge process whereas as last treatment step the first unit use chlorination and the second one ozonation. OPEs were determined in dissolved fraction, total suspended solids and sludge from various treatment stages of WWTPs. Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TClPP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) were the most abundant compounds in influent and treated effluent. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was also abundant in suspended solids and sludge. Total concentrations of ∑11OPEs ranged from 2144 to 9743 ng L-1 in influents, 1237-2909 ng L-1 in effluents and 3332-14294 ng g-1 dw in sludge. Removal rates from 55% to 80% were observed for most OPEs, whereas chlorinated OPEs, especially for tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) exhibited low removal efficiency. Mass balance analysis showed that biodegradation was the dominant removal mechanism contributing up to 85%. Sorption onto sludge was also relevant removal pathway for most compounds. Emissions of OPEs through effluents and sludge did not pose considerable risk to the aquatic and terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pantelaki
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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203
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Sánchez-Piñero J, Novo-Quiza N, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Turnes-Carou I, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P. Multi-class organic pollutants in atmospheric particulate matter (PM 2.5) from a Southwestern Europe industrial area: Levels, sources and human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114195. [PMID: 36030919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 50 multi-class pollutants comprising 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), 12 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 6 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) and 2 bisphenols was studied in atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected at an industrial area focused on automotive manufacturing located at the Southwestern Atlantic European region (Vigo city, Spain) during 1-year period. Among all quantitated pollutants in PM2.5 samples, bisphenol A (BPA) was the most predominant with an average concentration of 6180 pg m-3, followed by PAHs comprising benzo(b+j)fluoranthene (BbF + BjF) and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BghiP), accounting for 546 pg m-3 and 413 pg m-3 respectively. In addition, two OPFRs concerning tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and triphenyl phosphine oxide (TPPO) were the next following the concentration order, accounting for 411 pg m-3 and 367 pg m-3 respectively; being butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) the most profuse PAE (56.1 pg m-3 by average). High relative standard deviations (RSDs) were observed during the whole sampling period, while statistically significant differences were only observed for PAHs concentrations during cold and warm seasons. Furthermore, some water-soluble ions and metal(oid)s were analysed in PM2.5 samples to be used as PM source tracers, whose concentrations were quite below the target levels set in the current legislation. Data obtained from principal component analysis (PCA) and PAHs molecular indices suggested a pyrogenic and petrogenic origin for PAHs, whereas occurrence of the remaining compounds seems to be attributed to resources used in the automotive industrial activity settled in the sampling area. Moreover, although a substantial anthropogenic source to PM2.5 in the area was observed, marine and soil resuspension contributions were also accounted. Finally, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks posed by PM2.5-bound pollutants inhalation were assessed, being both averages within the safe level considering the whole period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Natalia Novo-Quiza
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isabel Turnes-Carou
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Department of Chemistry. Faculty of Sciences. Campus de A Coruña, s/n. 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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204
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Kou J, Li X, Zhang M, Wang L, Hu L, Liu X, Mei S, Xu G. Accumulative levels, temporal and spatial distribution of common chemical pollutants in the blood of Chinese adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119980. [PMID: 35985432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China has been in a rapid development period in recent decades, the mass production and use of chemical industrial products and pesticides have resulted in a large amount of pollutants in the environment. These pollutants enter the human body through environmental exposure and dietary intake, causing adverse health effects. Although many of them have been banned and restricted in the production and use in China, these pollutants still remain in the human body due to their high persistence and strong bioaccumulation. In this review, we aim to reveal the accumulation levels and profiles, as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of common chemical pollutants including chlorinated paraffins (CPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), new halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalic acid esters, perfluorinated compounds, bisphenols, organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroid insecticides in the blood (including whole blood, serum and plasma) of Chinese adults by extracting 93 related studies published from 1990 to 2021. Results have shown that CPs, OCPs and PAHs were the main pollutants in China, the levels of short-chain chlorinated paraffin, p,p'-DDE and phenanthrene in blood even reached 11,060.58, 740.41 and 498.28 ng/g lipid respectively. Under the strict control of pollutants in China, the levels of most pollutants have been on a downward trend except for perfluoro octanoate and perfluoro nonanoate. Besides, OPFRs, NHFRs and PAHs may have a potential upward trend, requiring further research and observation. As for spatial distribution, East China (Bohai Bay and Yangtze River Delta) and South China (Pearl River Delta) were the major polluted regions due to their fast development of industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Mingye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
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205
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Han B, Chen L, Li Y, Yu L, Zhang J, Tao S, Liu W. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of 11 organophosphate flame retardants in soils from different regions of agricultural farmlands in mainland China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156806. [PMID: 35738380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in nationwide farmland soils of mainland China are rarely measured. The current study was the first to collect 325 farmland soil samples from 109 cities throughout mainland China. Ten organophosphate esters (OPEs), including alkyl-OPEs, Cl-OPEs, and aryl-OPEs, together with an organophosphate intermediates (TPPO), were determined. The results indicated that ΣOPFRs ranged from 2.41 ng/g to 35.8 ng/g dry weight (dw), and ΣOPFRs in northeastern and southern China were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in northwestern and central China. Alkyl-OPEs and Cl-OPEs served as the main components of OPEs, and the novel aryl-OPEs showed the highest detection frequency (> 92 %). Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the different sources of OPEs, in which atmospheric deposition, irrigation, or direct release of plastic mulch acted as the main input routes in farmland soils. The potential risks of OPFRs were assessed through soil ingestion exposure and ecotoxicological impacts. Our results showed that direct exposure to farmland soils had no high risks to the human body and ecological environments. This study provides new evidence for further understanding the spatial distributions and contamination status of OPFRs in farmland soils throughout mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingJun Han
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - LiYuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - YuJun Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - JiaoDi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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206
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Yan Z, Feng C, Jin X, Wang F, Liu C, Li N, Qiao Y, Bai Y, Wu F, Giesy JP. Organophosphate esters cause thyroid dysfunction via multiple signaling pathways in zebrafish brain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 12:100198. [PMID: 36157343 PMCID: PMC9500371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widespread in various environmental media, and can disrupt thyroid endocrine signaling pathways. Mechanisms by which OPEs disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) signal transduction are not fully understood. Here, we present in vivo-in vitro-in silico evidence establishing OPEs as environmental THs competitively entering the brain to inhibit growth of zebrafish via multiple signaling pathways. OPEs can bind to transthyretin (TTR) and thyroxine-binding globulin, thereby affecting the transport of TH in the blood, and to the brain by TTR through the blood-brain barrier. When GH3 cells were exposed to OPEs, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited given that OPEs are competitive inhibitors of TH. Cresyl diphenyl phosphate was shown to be an effective antagonist of TH. Chronic exposure to OPEs significantly inhibited the growth of zebrafish by interfering with thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin to inhibit TH synthesis. Based on comparisons of modulations of gene expression with the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, signaling pathways related to thyroid endocrine functions, such as receptor-ligand binding and regulation of hormone levels, were identified as being affected by exposure to OPEs. Effects were also associated with the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipids, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which OPEs disrupt thyroid pathways in zebrafish.
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Key Words
- AChE, acetylcholinesterase
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BCF, bioconcentration factor
- BFR, brominated flame retardant
- CD-FBS, charcoal-dextran-treated fetal bovine serum
- CDP, cresyl diphenyl phosphate
- Competitive inhibition assay
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DKA, β-diketone antibiotic
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EAS, estrogen
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GO, Gene Ontology
- HPLC-MS/MS, high-performance liquid chromatograph interfaced with a mass spectrometer
- HPT, hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid
- HS, horse serum
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- Molecular docking simulation
- NIS, Na+/I− symporter
- OD490, optical density
- OPE, organophosphate ester
- OPFR, organophosphate flame retardant
- Organophosphate ester
- P/S, penicillin–streptomycin
- PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RIC20/50, concentration inhibiting 20%/50%
- T4, thyroxin
- TBG, thyroxine-binding globulin
- TCIPP, tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate
- TDCIPP, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)
- TDCIPP-d15, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate-D15
- TG, thyroglobulin
- TH, thyroid hormone
- THR, thyroid hormone receptor
- TIPP, tris(isopropyl) phosphate
- TPHP, triphenyl phosphate
- TPO, thyroperoxidase
- TRβ, thyroid hormone receptor β
- TTR, transthyretin
- Thyroid endocrine function
- Transcriptome sequencing
- androgen, and steroidogenesis
- cga, glycoprotein hormone
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
- tshβa, thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit a
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiaowei Jin
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - John P. Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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207
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Huang J, Gao Z, Hu G, Su G. Non-target screening and risk assessment of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in drinking water resource water, surface water, groundwater, and seawater. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107443. [PMID: 35961270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By use of an integrated target, suspect, and non-target screening strategy, we investigated occurrence and spatial distribution of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in four types of water (drinking water resource water, surface water, groundwater, and seawater) collected from Jiangsu Province (China) in 2021 (n = 111). Eighteen out of 23 target OPEs were detectable at least once in these analyzed samples, and the total concentrations (Σ18OPEs) of OPEs in various water samples exhibited a descending order following as: groundwater (67026 ng/L) > surface water (35803 ng/L) > drinking water resource water (21055 ng/L) > seawater (17820 ng/L). The highest concentration detected in groundwater may be ascribed to pollution from surrounding factories. Among the target OPEs, triethyl phosphate (TEP), tris(chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) were the most abundant congeners with the average concentrations of 407 ng/L, 143 ng/L, and 475 ng/L, respectively. Besides of 18 target OPEs, we further identified 17 suspect OPEs (3 of them were fully identified by authentic standards) on the basis of in-house suspect screening OPE database, and 2 non-target organophosphates (OPs) on the basis of feature fragments. One of these 2 non-target OPs was fully identified as bis(2-chloroethyl) 2-chloroethylphosphonate (B2CE2CEPP) by matching the retention time and MS/MS data with authentic standard, and the other one was preliminarily identified as 2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-6-methoxydibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one (TTBMDBDOPPO). We also observed that B2CE2CEPP shared a similar structure with TCEP, suggesting that they may have similar toxicological characteristics and commercial sources. The ecological and human health risk assessments indicated that all OPEs posed a low or negligible ecological risk to aquatic organisms (algae, crustacean, and fish), and negligible risk to human health except for trimethyl phosphate (TMP) in drinking water resource water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Zhanqi Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210019, PR China
| | - Guanjiu Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210019, PR China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
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208
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Lin J, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang H, Guo C, Feng S, Xu J. Distribution, sources, and ecological risk of organophosphate esters in the urbanized Jiaozhou Bay, East China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70167-70178. [PMID: 35583752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), substitutes of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, have been found in a variety of marine environmental matrices, whereas little is known about the feature and sources of seawater OPEs from the environments simultaneously affected by multiple anthropogenic activities. Jiaozhou Bay is one typical bay heavily disturbed by human activities, which was semi-enclosed and surrounded by large amounts of discharged rivers and catchments, various types of ports, and aquaculture farms. This study found that concentrations of Σ13OPEs ranged from 23.90 to 366.40 ng/L (median: 37.76 ng/L) in the seawater and from 90.15 to 1183.14 ng/L (median: 940.61 ng/L) in the inflowing river water. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate were the predominant congener, with the percentage of 43.76%, 22.80%, and 14.01%, respectively, in the bay water and 52.47%, 11.31%, and 23.66% in the river water. The overall spatial distribution was characterized by a higher concentration of Σ13OPEs and halogenated-OPEs in the nearshore sites and in the inflowing rivers, which were surrounded by urbanized areas with dense anthropogenic activities, especially along the eastern coast. Effluent discharge and vehicular and marine traffic emissions were distinguished as two main plausible sources of OPEs to Jiaozhou Bay, based on the principal component analysis and Spearman correlations. Ecological risk analysis indicated that Σ13OPEs posed a low risk to aquatic organisms in the bay and low-to-medium risks in the inflowing rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Lin
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Humanities and Social Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Lutao Zhang
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Institute of Humanities and Social Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
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209
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Chupeau Z, Mercier F, Rouxel E, Le Bot B, Chauvet G, Siméon T, Bonvallot N, Zaros C, Chevrier C, Glorennec P. Pre- and post-natal exposure of children to organophosphate flame retardants: A nationwide survey in France. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107435. [PMID: 35994798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) has been on the rise ever since many brominated flame retardants were banned, back in the 2000 s. The objectives of this study are to describe the pre- and post-natal exposure of children to OPFRs, and to explore their possible determinants. A total of 259 children aged 3.5 years and 388 mothers from the French ELFE mother-child cohort were included. Both pre- and post-natal exposure to OPFRs were assessed, using OPFR concentrations in the hair of pregnant women (in 2011) and their 3.5-year-old children (in 2014-2015) for 15 OPFRs, of which 9 were detected in > 20 % hair samples. The highest geometric means for pre-natal exposure were 272 ng/g for tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), 69.7 ng/g for ng/g for triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and 54.4 ng/g for tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP). The highest geometric means for post-natal exposure were 249.6 ng/g for TCPP, 85.3 ng/g for TDCPP and 83.8 ng/g for 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP). Correlations were found between both pre-natal exposures, and between pre-and post-natal exposures. No correlation was however found between pre-and post-natal exposures for any given OPFR. Pre-natal exposure to the 9 OPFRs was associated with pre-natal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers 209 (BDE209), and 47 (BDE47). Maternal BMI was associated with pre-natal exposure to OPFRs other than TBEP. Home renovation work prior to birth was also associated with pre-natal exposure to OPFRs, with the exception of EHDPP, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP). Determinants of post-natal exposure appeared more disparate across OPFRs; although both the type of flooring in children's rooms and pre-natal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers seem to be associated with post-natal exposure. Lastly, higher socioeconomic status appeared to be associated with lower exposure for several (though not all) OPFRs. The high prevalence of exposure to OPFRs suggests the need for studies to assess the health effects of OPFRs exposure, particularly on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chupeau
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - F Mercier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - E Rouxel
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - B Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - G Chauvet
- Ensai (Irmar), Campus de Ker Lann, Bruz, France
| | | | - N Bonvallot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - C Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - P Glorennec
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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210
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Liu Q, Gao H, Yi X, Tian S, Liu X. Root Uptake Pathways and Cell Wall Accumulation Mechanisms of Organophosphate Esters in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11892-11900. [PMID: 36121742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in plants has drawn considerable attention because of their adverse effects to biota. However, the root uptake pathways and cell wall accumulation mechanisms of OPEs in plants are still unclear. In this study, the uptake pathways, subcellular distribution, and accumulation mechanisms of OPEs in wheat roots were elucidated. The results demonstrated that the symplast is the major pathway for uptake of both tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) in wheat roots. Inhibitor experiments showed that the transmembrane transport of OPEs is a passive uptake process, and aquaporins and carrier proteins contribute to the uptake of OPEs. More than 69% of TCEP was accumulated in cell sap due to its high hydrophilicity, while the hydrophobic TPHP was mainly stored in the root cell wall. The sorption affinity of TPHP decreased gradually following the sequential fractionation of wheat roots, which confirmed the significant contribution to TPHP sorption on wheat roots. A significant positive correlation between the sorption affinity values and the percentage of aromatic carbon was observed (r2 = 0.856, p < 0.01), indicating that the accumulation of hydrophobic OPEs in roots does not just depend on lipids alone, but the aromatic moieties of lignin in the cell wall also contribute to OPE accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Huixian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyue Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shengyan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xianbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology (TUST), Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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211
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Thakur K, Goud ESK, Jawa Y, Keswani C, Onteru S, Singh D, Singh SP, Roy P, Tyagi RK. Detection of endocrine and metabolism disrupting xenobiotics in milk-derived fat samples by fluorescent protein-tagged nuclear receptors and live cell imaging. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 33:293-306. [PMID: 36154553 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2128704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-modulated transcription factors that regulate multiple physiological functions in our body. Many NRs in their unliganded state are localized in cytoplasm. The ligand-inducible nuclear translocation of NRs provides a valuable tool for studying the NR-ligand interactions and their downstream effects. The translocation response of NRs can be studied irrespective of the nature of the interacting ligand (agonist, antagonist, or a small molecule modulator). These nuclear translocation studies offer an advantage over promoter-reporter-based transcription assays where transcription response is observed only with the activating hormones or agonistic ligands. Globally, milk serves as a major dietary source. However, suspected presence of endocrine/metabolism disrupting chemicals like bisphenols, parabens, organochlorine pesticides, carbamates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chloramphenicol, brominated flame retardants, etc. has been reported. Considering that these chemicals may impart serious developmental and metabolism-related health concerns, it is essential to develop assays suitable for the detection of xenobiotics present at differing levels in milk. Since milk samples cannot be used directly on cultured cells or for microscopy, a combination of screening strategies has been developed herein based on the revelation that i) lipophilic NR ligands can be successfully retrieved in milk-fat; ii) milk-fat treatment of cells is compatible with live-cell imaging studies; and finally, iii) treatment of cells with xenobiotics-spiked and normal milk derived fat provides a visual and quantifiable response of NR translocation in living cells. Utilizing a milk-fat extraction method and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) tagged NRs expressed in cultured mammalian cells, followed by an assessment of NR response proved to be an effective approach for screening xenobiotics present in milk samples.HighlightsDiverse endocrine and metabolism disrupting chemicals are suspected to contaminate milk.Nuclear receptors serve as 'xenosensors' for assessing the presence of xenobiotics in milk.Nuclear import of steroid receptors with (ant)agonist can be examined in live cells.Lipophilic xenobiotics are extracted and observed enriched in milk-fat fraction.A comprehensive cell-based protocol aids in the detection of xenobiotics in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Thakur
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | | | - Yashika Jawa
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suneel Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Surya P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
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212
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Li M, Liu G, Yuan LX, Yang J, Liu J, Li Z, Yang C, Wang J. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) promotes hepatocyte toxicity via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of autophagy flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156461. [PMID: 35660595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a commonly used organophosphate flame retardant, is frequently found in environmental and biota samples, indicating widespread human exposure. Recent studies have shown that TPP causes hepatotoxicity, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, by using normal hepatocyte AML12 cells as a model, we showed that TPP induced apoptotic cell death. RNA sequencing analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes induced by TPP were related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Immunostaining and western blot results further confirmed that TPP activated ER stress. Interestingly, though TPP increased LC3-II, a canonical marker for autophagy, TPP inhibited autophagy flux rather than induced autophagy. Interestingly, TPP-induced ER stress facilitated autophagy flux inhibition and apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy aggravated, and activation of autophagy attenuated apoptosis induced by TPP. Collectively, these results uncovered that ER stress and autophagy flux inhibition were responsible for TPP-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes. Thus, our foundlings provided novel insight into the potential mechanisms of TPP-induced hepatocyte toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoran Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li-Xia Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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213
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Characterization of the phosphotriesterase capable of hydrolyzing aryl-organophosphate flame retardants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6493-6504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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214
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Hong J, Lu X, Wang J, Jiang M, Liu Q, Lin J, Sun W, Zhang J, Shi Y, Liu X. Triphenyl phosphate disturbs placental tryptophan metabolism and induces neurobehavior abnormal in male offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113978. [PMID: 36007322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that prenatal triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) exposure is related to abnormal neurobehavior in children. However, the neurodevelopmental toxicity of TPhP in mammals is limited. To study the neurodevelopmental toxicity of TPhP in mammals and investigate the underlying mechanism, we used a mouse intrauterine TPhP exposure model. We measured the inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNFα) and NFκB levels, and tryptophan metabolism in placentae, detected the fetal brain transcriptome, hippocampal neuron development and neurobehavioral in the male offspring. The results showed that the protein level of IL-6, TNFα and NFκB in the placenta of the TPhP treatment group (1, 5 mg/kg) were significantly increased. Change of the protein level of these pro-inflammatory factors in maternal serum or fetal brain was not observed. Expression of genes along tryptophan-serotonin metabolism pathway were significantly decreased. While, the concentration of 5-HT levels in the placenta or fetal brain were significantly increased. Consistent with the increased 5-HT, the Nissl body was reduced in the hippocampus of treatment group. The expression of serotonergic neuron gene markers including Tph2, Htr1A, Htr2A, Pet1 and Lmx1b in the hippocampus of treatment group was significantly decreased. The neurobehavioral test showed that TPhP decreased center time that represent anxiety-like behavior, and reduced learning and memory in male offspring. Meanwhile, expression of genes along tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism pathway were significantly increased. The result of the transcriptome analysis of fetal brain showed that the differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in the transcription regulation of DNA as a template in the nucleus, and the enriched pathways are mainly signal pathways regulated by axon guidance and neurotrophic factors, dopaminergic and cholinergic synapses, suggest that not only serotonergic neuronal was affected. Overall, this study demonstrates that TPhP has the potential to induce placental inflammatory response in the placenta, disturb placental tryptophan metabolism, compromise the neuronal development and synaptic transmission, and cause abnormal neurobehavior in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Hong
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Xiaoxun Lu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Juntong Lin
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Yanwei Shi
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China.
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215
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Lao JY, Wu R, Cui Y, Zhou S, Ruan Y, Leung KMY, Wu J, Zeng EY, Lam PKS. Significant input of organophosphate esters through particle-mediated transport into the Pearl River Estuary, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129486. [PMID: 35809364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most organophosphate esters (OPEs) enter the marine environment through atmospheric deposition and surface runoff, yet the role of particle-mediated transport in their inputs and loss processes remains poorly understood. To fill this knowledge gap, samples of size-segregated atmospheric particles, suspended particulate matter (SPM) in seawater, and sediments in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) were collected and analyzed for OPEs. Total concentrations of atmospheric particulate OPEs showed a decreasing trend with increasing offshore distance in the PRE. The spatial and vertical distribution patterns of OPEs in SPM were diverse, which could be largely affected by physicochemical properties of SPM, marine microbial activities, hydrodynamic conditions, and environmental factors. Sediment in the region close to Modaomen outlet was subject to relatively high OPE concentrations. Approximately 24,100 and 65,100 g d-1 of particulate OPEs were imported into the PRE through atmospheric deposition and surface runoff, respectively; 83,200 g d-1 of which were exported to the open sea. The input and environmental fate of particulate OPEs were found to be dependent on sources, particulate media, and chemical species. The present study provides insights into the influence of OPEs in the PRE through particle-mediated transport and calls for more concern on anthropogenic impact on the estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yong Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongsheng Cui
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.
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216
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Lei M, Ge F, Wu T, Duan X, Shi Z, Zheng H. A stable Cd-MOF as a dual-responsive luminescent biosensor for the determination of urinary diphenyl phosphate and hippuric acid as biomarkers for human triphenyl phosphate and toluene poisoning. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14924-14929. [PMID: 36106946 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate determination of biomarkers of human poisoning in real urine is of great significance for the assessment of health status. Herein, a luminescent urea-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF), {[Cd(L)0.5(bpbix)]·x(solv)}n (1) (H4L = 5,5'-(((naphthalene-1,5-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(azanediyl))diisophthalic acid; bpbix = 4,4'-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)biphenyl), has been successfully synthesized, and exhibits good stability in aqueous solutions in the normal urinary pH range and real urine. Complex 1 can serve as a dual-responsive luminescent biosensor for the detection of diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and hippuric acid (HA) as biomarkers of flame retardant triphenyl phosphate and toluene poisoning, and shows the advantages of high sensitivity, rapid response, good anti-interference capability, and reversibility. More significantly, complex 1 is successfully applied to the sensitive and accurate detection of DPP and HA in real urine with satisfactory recoveries. This work presents a dual-responsive luminescent MOF-based biosensor for simple, rapid, accurate, and reversible determination of urinary DPP and HA, which has promising application potential for the diagnosis of diseases related to triphenyl phosphate and toluene poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Fayuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xinde Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, PR China
| | - Hegen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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217
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Zou X, Hou S, Wu S, Liu K, Huang R, Zhang W, Yu J, Zhan Z, Pang H. The first detection of organophosphate esters (OPEs) of a high altitude fresh snowfall in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155615. [PMID: 35508230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the gradual phase-out of brominated flame retardants, the consumption of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as suitable alternatives has increased in recent years. These compounds could be trapped and accumulate in the widely developed glaciers such as Laohugou Glacier No. 12 in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), as snow is an effective scavenger of organic pollutants in the atmosphere. However, large gaps in knowledge still exist regarding the occurrence, distribution, and source analysis of OPEs in TP glaciers. In this study, eight surface snow samples collected at different altitudes on Laohugou Glacier No. 12 on the northeastern edge of the TP in order to investigate sources and distribution of OPEs. The results showed that the concentrations of ∑7OPEs varied from 54.53 ng/L to 169.15 ng/L, with a mean of 99.84 ng/L. ∑Chlorinated-OPEs (Cl-OPEs) were dominant in these samples, accounting for 83% of the total OPE concentrations. ∑OPEs concentration increases with altitude on Laohugou Glacier No. 12, implying an altitudinal magnification effect on OPEs deposition. Principal component analysis suggests that OPEs primarily originated from traffic emissions and their variations were largely driven by dust transport. Analyses of backward trajectories of air masses and the wind field indicate that these OPEs might have come from urban emissions northwest of Laohugou Glacier No. 12. This study provides the first valuable insight into the environmental behavior of OPEs in Tibetan glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shugui Hou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Shuangye Wu
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renhui Huang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wangbin Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhan
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongxi Pang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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218
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Zhang X, Zhao J, Gan T, Jin C, Li X, Cao Z, Jiang K, Zou W. Aging relieves the promotion effects of polyamide microplastics on parental transfer and developmental toxicity of TDCIPP to zebrafish offspring. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129409. [PMID: 35752050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of microplastics (MPs) in the biological fate and toxicity of organic pollutants in food webs is vital for its risk assessment. However, contradictory results and the neglect of MP aging as a factor have led to a research gap, which needs to be filled. Our study discovered that polyamide (PA, a ubiquitous MP in water) MPs clearly facilitated bioaccumulation of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) in the F0 zebrafish gonads and parental transfer of TDCIPP to the F1 offspring. Rapid TDCIPP desorption in the gut and intestine barrier dysfunction triggered by MPs were the causes for the phenomenon. In contrast to the pristine forms, aged PA with higher hydrophilcity exhibited stronger binding and polar interactions with TDCIPP, and the intestine damage was neglectable, resulting in increased intestinal immobilization and prevented parental transfer of TDCIPP. Additionally, the aggravated body weight loss and decreased length of TDCIPP offspring were relieved after PA aging. The recovery of subintestinal venous plexus angiogenesis, yolk lipid utilization, and ATP synthesis were responsible for the mitigated transgenerational toxicity. Our results highlight the significance of aging on the role of MPs with respect to coexisting pollutants and have great implications for understanding MP-associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Tiantian Gan
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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219
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Dou W, Zhang Z, Huang W, Wang X, Zhang R, Wu Y, Sun A, Shi X, Chen J. Contaminant occurrence, spatiotemporal variation, and ecological risk of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in Hangzhou Bay and east China sea ecosystem. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135032. [PMID: 35605734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence, spatiotemporal variation, sources, and ecological risks of 20 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in water and sediments from Hangzhou Bay (HZB) and its adjacent East China Sea (ECS) were investigated in this study. The concentrations of OPFRs (∑OPFR) in water ranged from 0.51 ng/L to 885 ng/L, with chlorinated OPFRs having the highest value. For sediments, ∑OPFR ranged from 2.93 ng/g, dry weight (dw) to 37.8 ng/g, dw. The ∑OPFR in the water and sediments of HZB in summer was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in autumn. Additionally, the pollution of OPFRs in HZB was higher than that in ECS, and the high-concentration areas appeared in the north and south banks of HZB and near the coast of ECS. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression showed that the OPFRs in this region were mainly from industrial products (e.g., polyurethane foam/paint/coating/textiles/product processing). In terms of aquatic environments, ecological risks were in a low (∑RQs<0.1) to moderate (0.1<∑RQs<1) level, with regard to median exposure levels, a moderate risk (0.1<∑RQs<1) was found in the sediments during autumn. This study can provide new insights into the OPFR pollution characteristic and ecological risk in a specific eco-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Dou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yuyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Aili Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
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220
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Zhou M, Wang J, Yang H, Ji X, Qian M, Li Z. Organophosphate ester concentrations in infant food and dietary risk assessment for the infant population in China. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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221
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Fan S, Lu X, Li H, Du X, Huang X, Ma Y, Wang J, Tao X, Dang Z, Lu G. Efficient removal of organophosphate esters by ligand functionalized MIL-101 (Fe): Modulated adsorption and DFT calculations. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134881. [PMID: 35561783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a new class of flame retardants present in diverse waters. The study focused on the removal of aqueous OPEs using functionalized MIL-101(Fe), which was a representative of the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Adsorption kinetics of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tributyl phosphate (TnBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) were investigated. Additionally, TCEP was selected as the model contaminant to study the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and effect of solution matrix properties. Adsorption mechanisms obtained from the experiments were confirmed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Adsorption kinetics indicated that functionalized MOFs provided a significant enhancement to the removal of TCEP. The maximum adsorption capacities qm of MIL-101(Fe), MIL-101(Fe)-NH2, MIL-101(Fe)-OH, and MIL-101(Fe)-CH3 at 298 K for TCEP were 76.040, 282.940, 119.680, and 181.274 μmol/g, respectively. By comparing the adsorption behavior of functionalized MOFs, MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 was proved to be most efficient for TCEP removal. Based on the adsorption experiments and DFT calculations, TCEP removal was dominated by physical adsorption. The van der Waals (vdW) interactions and hydrogen bonding were assumed to be involved in the adsorption. This work proves that appropriate ligand functionalization is promising for the removal of aqueous OPEs, which also provides a new insight for the control of OPEs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinru Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Haoliang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yao Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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222
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Yu X, Zhang J, Ren Y, Liu X, Qu H. A facile strategy to fabricate phosphorus-free and halogen-free flame retardant polyacrylonitrile fiber based on amidoximation and Fe (III) ion chelation. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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223
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Zhu K, Sarvajayakesavalu S, Han Y, Zhang H, Gao J, Li X, Ma M. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in water sources from Northeast to Southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119461. [PMID: 35577264 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the wide utilization of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in recent years, OPEs have been detected more frequently in the aquatic environment. However, the distribution of OPEs in drinking source water has rarely been investigated across a large region. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 13 OPEs were investigated in 23 source water sites from Northeast to Southeast (spacing greater than 3320 km) with a direct injection ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Total OPEs ranged from 218.8 to 636.6 ng/L, with a mean of 380.8 ng/L. The average detected concentration of OPEs in southern cities was higher than that in northern cities. Chlorinated OPEs accounted for 64.74% of the total concentration. Triethyl phosphate (TEP), tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and tri (chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) were detected in all water samples. Rainfall is a significant factor that affects the OPE concentration (less rainfall, higher concentration). China's OPE concentrations have rapidly reached a median level when compared to those of other countries. Ecological risk assessment showed that most OPEs have no or low risk to organisms (fish, crustacea, algae), except tricresyl phosphate (TCP), which is medium risk. The risk of OPEs in less-rain regions needs to be of greater concern, especially TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongrui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Suriyanarayanan Sarvajayakesavalu
- Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Arts and Science College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to Be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yingnan Han
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Junmin Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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224
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Sánchez-Piñero J, Novo-Quiza N, Pernas-Castaño C, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P. Inhalation bioaccessibility of multi-class organic pollutants associated to atmospheric PM 2.5: Correlation with PM 2.5 properties and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119577. [PMID: 35688393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents a global concern due to the adverse effects in human health. In the last years, scientific community has been adopted the assessment of the PM2.5-bound pollutant fraction that could be released (bioaccessible fraction) in simulated lung fluids (SLFs) to achieve a better understanding of PM risk assessment and toxicological studies. Thus, bioaccessibility of 49 organic pollutants, including 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 phthalate esters (PAEs), 11 organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), 6 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) and 2 bisphenols in PM2.5 samples was evaluated. The proposed method consists of a physiologically based extraction test (PBET) by using artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) to obtain bioaccessible fractions, followed by a vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) and a final analysis by programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-MS/MS). The highest inhalation bioaccessibility ratio was found for bisphenol A (BPA) with an average of 83%, followed by OPFRs, PAEs and PAHs (with average bioaccessibilities of 68%, 41% and 34%, respectively). Correlations between PM2.5 composition (major ions, trace metals, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and UV-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM)) and bioaccessibility ratios were also assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suggested that PAHs, PAES and OPFRs bioaccessibility ratios could be positively correlated with PM2.5 carbonaceous content. Furthermore, both inverse and positive correlations on PAHs, PAEs and OPFRs bioaccessibilites could be accounted for some major ions and metal (oid)s associated to PM2.5, whereas no correlations comprising considered PM2.5 major ions and metal (oid)s contents and BPA bioaccessibility was observed. In addition, health risk assessment of target PM2.5-associated PAHs via inhalation was assessed in the study area considering both total and bioaccessible concentrations, being averaged human health risks within the safe carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Natalia Novo-Quiza
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Pernas-Castaño
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- University of A Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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225
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Wu JY, Zhu T, Chen ZM, Guo JS, Hou XY, Wang DR, Zhang LX, Gao JM. Occurrence, seasonal variation, potential sources, and risks of organophosphate esters in a cold rural area in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155361. [PMID: 35460793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the environment have been the focus of increasing attention due to their ubiquity and potential toxicity. However, there is little information on the occurrence and characteristics of OPEs in rural areas, especially those with cold year-round temperatures and frozen soil in winter. In this study, environmental samples were collected, in summer and winter, from villages and towns in Northeast China differing in the types and intensities of their anthropogenic activities. The samples were analyzed for 12 OPEs. The results showed the widespread presence of alkyl-OPEs, Cl-OPEs, and aryl-OPEs in the water, soil, snow, and ice of the study sites. In summer, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were the primary compounds in water and soil, respectively. The ∑12OPE concentration in three villages varied from 46.26 to 257.37 ng/L in water, and from 6.62 to 19.46 ng/g in soils. The ∑12OPE concentrations in water were lower in winter than summer, but conversely, ∑12OPE concentrations in frozen soils in winter were higher than those in soils in summer. In winter, there was a shift in the predominant OPEs in water and frozen soils, with dominance of TCEP and complex compounds, respectively. Obvious seasonal characteristics of the potential sources and ecological risks of OPEs in these areas were also determined, with more complex sources of OPEs seen in summer than winter. In summer, only 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) in water posed a potential risk, while in summer and, especially, in winter, EHDPP and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate posed potential risks in soils. The high ∑12OPE concentration in snow (56.77 ng/L) implied that wet deposition can amplify OPEs in other environmental compartments. This is the first systematic report on OPEs in a cold rural area. Our findings highlight the need for seasonal monitoring of OPEs in similar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Zhu-Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xian-Yu Hou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - De-Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jun-Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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226
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Liu F, Wei C, Zhang R, Zeng W, Han M, Kang Y, Zhang Z, Wang R, Yu K, Wang Y. Occurrence, distribution, source identification, and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in the coastal waters of Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: Impacts of riverine discharge and fishery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129214. [PMID: 35739736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As emerging pollutants, the environmental geochemistry of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the coastal zone with multiple functional areas are still less recognized. This study investigated spatiotemporal distribution, sources and risks of 11 widely used OPEs in surface waters from seagoing rivers and multiple coastal functional areas of the Beibu Gulf. The results indicated that significantly higher ∑11OPEs (total concentrations of 11 OPEs, ng/L) occurred in summer (34.2-1227) than in winter (20.6-840), as a result of the high emission caused by climate reasons. In general, higher ∑11OPEs occurred in rivers (41.2-1227) than in the coast (34.2-809) in summer, especially in the urban rivers, while in winter, higher ∑11OPEs occurred in the coast (23.4-840 vs 20.6-319 in rivers) because of obviously higher ∑11OPEs in marine fishery areas (99-840). Source identification revealed that fishery activity, especially fishing vessels, and urban rivers were the main sources of OPEs in the Beibu Gulf. For the individual OPE, only tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) may have ecological risks to aquatic organisms in a few sites, but if considering the additive effects, the OPEs mixtures would pose a high risk to algae and low to medium threats to crustaceans and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chaoshuai Wei
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China.
| | - Weibin Zeng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minwei Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yaru Kang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zheng'en Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea; Coral Reef Research Center of China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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227
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Gong S, Ren K, Ye L, Deng Y, Su G. Suspect and nontarget screening of known and unknown organophosphate esters (OPEs) in soil samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129273. [PMID: 35739788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-five soil samples (n = 95) were analyzed using an integrated suspect and non-target organophosphate ester (OPE) screening strategy. This suspect and non-target screening strategy allowed us to fully or tentatively identify 26 OPEs or OPE-like substances. Among these 26 newly identified contaminants, bisphenol A bis(diphenylphosphate) (BPABDP) exhibited the highest detection frequency of 83.2 %, with a concentration range of ND - 385 ng/g dry weight (dw). We also observed that BPABDP was significantly correlated with all other OPEs (p < 0.001 in all pairs), suggesting that BPABDP is widely used as a plasticizer and flame retardant in various commercial products. Another interesting finding was the discovery of four novel OPE structures with tentatively proposed chemical structures. Among these four non-target OPEs, (tert-butyl) phenyl bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (TBPBDTBPP) shared a backbone structure very similar to that of the well-known OPE, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (TDTBPP). Detection frequency of this newly discovered OPE was high, up to 69.5 %, and it was significantly correlated with isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (IDDP), BPABDP, diphenyl 2-isopropylphenyl phosphate (2IPPDPP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCrP, p < 0.05 in all pairs), respectively. This study reported the most comprehensive suite of OPEs in soil samples, and 16 out of them were recognized in soil for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kefan Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Langjie Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yirong Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sites Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangzhou 510045, China.
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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228
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Abstract
Anthropogenic organophosphorus compounds (AOPCs), such as phosphotriesters, are used extensively as plasticizers, flame retardants, nerve agents, and pesticides. To date, only a handful of soil bacteria bearing a phosphotriesterase (PTE), the key enzyme in the AOPC degradation pathway, have been identified. Therefore, the extent to which bacteria are capable of utilizing AOPCs as a phosphorus source, and how widespread this adaptation may be, remains unclear. Marine environments with phosphorus limitation and increasing levels of pollution by AOPCs may drive the emergence of PTE activity. Here, we report the utilization of diverse AOPCs by four model marine bacteria and 17 bacterial isolates from the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. To unravel the details of AOPC utilization, two PTEs from marine bacteria were isolated and characterized, with one of the enzymes belonging to a protein family that, to our knowledge, has never before been associated with PTE activity. When expressed in Escherichia coli with a phosphodiesterase, a PTE isolated from a marine bacterium enabled growth on a pesticide analog as the sole phosphorus source. Utilization of AOPCs may provide bacteria a source of phosphorus in depleted environments and offers a prospect for the bioremediation of a pervasive class of anthropogenic pollutants.
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229
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Li X, Yao Y, Chen H, Zhang Q, Li C, Zhao L, Guo S, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Sun H. Identification of Novel Organophosphate Esters in Hydroponic Lettuces ( Lactuca sativa L.): Biotransformation and Acropetal Translocation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10699-10709. [PMID: 35849551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The absorption, translocation, and biotransformation behaviors of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and diesters (OPdEs) in a hydroponic system were investigated. The lateral root was found as the main accumulation and biotransformation place of OPEs and OPdEs in lettuce. The nontarget analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed five hydroxylated metabolites and five conjugating metabolites in the OPE exposure group, among which methylation, acetylation, and palmitoyl conjugating OPEs were reported as metabolites for the first time. Particularly, methylation on phosphate can be a significant process for plant metabolism, and methyl diphenyl phosphate (MDPP) accounted for the majority of metabolites. The translocation factor values of most identified OPE metabolites are negatively associated with their predicted logarithmic octanol-water partitioning coefficient (log Kow) values (0.75-2.45), indicating that hydrophilicity is a dominant factor in the translocation of OPE metabolites in lettuce. In contrast, palmitoyl conjugation may lead to an enhanced acropetal translocation and those with log Kow values < 0 may have limited translocation potential. Additionally, OPE diesters produced from the biotransformation of OPEs in lettuce showed a higher acropetal translocation potential than those exposed directly. These results further emphasize the necessity to consider biotransformation as an utmost important factor in the accumulation and acropetal translocation potential of OPEs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- School of Environmental and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sai Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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230
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Sun Z, Ma W, Tang X, Zhang X, Yang Y, Zhang X. Toxicity of triphenyl phosphate toward the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis: Changes in key life-history traits, rotifer-algae population dynamics and the metabolomic response. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113731. [PMID: 35688001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is used as a flame retardant that gradually leaks from products into the marine environment and thus may threaten low-trophic-level marine organisms, such as zooplankton. To assess the effect of TPhP on these taxa, we treated the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as a target and examined the changes in key life history parameters and the metabolome after exposure to TPhP at 0.02, 1 and 5 mg/L. Additionally, the rotifer-Phaeocystis population dynamics (a simulation of the prey-predator relationship) were studied under TPhP stress. Our results showed that TPhP at 1 and 5 mg/L reduced the average lifespan and the total offspring number and prolonged the prereproductive time, suggesting damage to survival and fecundity. In the 0.02 mg/L group, no obvious damage occurred in the overall condition of rotifers, but the volume of parental rotifers after the first brood decreased. This implied that rotifers sacrificed somatic growth to reproduction in the initial period of TPhP exposure at the low concentration. All the tested TPhP concentrations altered the rotifer-Phaeocystis population dynamic changes, especially that 1 mg/L TPhP reduced the ability of rotifers to remove this harmful alga, as evidenced by the decrease in the maximum population density of rotifers and the extended time to P. globosa extinction. At the molecular level, metabolomics identified 84 and 206 differentially expressed metabolites, most of which were enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. Nile red staining showed a decrease in neutral lipids in rotifers, further indicating a disorder of lipid metabolism induced by TPhP. Moreover, the balance between ROS production and the defense system was disrupted by TPhP, which contributed to its toxicity. This finding will promote the understanding of the ecological risk and mode of action of TPhP in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Sun
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenqian Ma
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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231
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Li J, Wang S, Zhang G, Li H, Sun J, Gu X, Zhang S. Burning behavior analysis of polypropylene composite containing poly-siloxane encapsulated expandable graphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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232
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Zhang X, Ai S, Wei J, Yang X, Huang Y, Hu J, Wang Q, Wang H. Biphasic effects of typical chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants on Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113813. [PMID: 36068742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential accumulation of chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants (Cl-OPFRs) in aquatic environments sparked interest in studying the effects of Cl-OPFRs on cyanobacterial blooms. In this work, two common Cl-OPFRs, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), induced dose-dependent biphasic effect on bloom-forming M. aeruginosa. The hormetic response to low-dose Cl-OPFRs was associated with the upregulation of the type I NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-1) complex and its mediated cyclic electron transfer (CET) pathway, as reflected by a transient post-illumination increase in chlorophyll fluorescence, the dark reduction of P700+ and the change of NDH-1-related gene expression. The increased CET activity and carotenoid content jointly reduced the intracellular ROS production, facilitating cyanobacterial growth. Conversely, a higher concentration of both Cl-OPFRs induced severe inhibition of growth and photosynthetic oxygen-evolving activity through an imbalance between PSII and PSI. Toxic-dose Cl-OPFRs inhibited state transition and fixed cells into the State I with a higher PSII/PSI ratio, as indicated by chlorophyll fluorescence induction, 77 K fluorescence emission spectra and photosystem stoichiometry. The elevated PSII/PSI ratio created an imbalance between the two photosystems and eventually lead to ROS overproduction, which generate adverse effects on cell growth. This work provides important insights into the hormetic mechanism of Cl-OPFRs on Microcystis aeruginosa and their potential roles in harmful cyanobacteria blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sijie Ai
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jialu Wei
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jinlu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
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233
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Siddique S, Farhat I, Kubwabo C, Chan P, Goodyer CG, Robaire B, Chevrier J, Hales BF. Exposure of men living in the greater Montreal area to organophosphate esters: Association with hormonal balance and semen quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107402. [PMID: 35839669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) is extensive, yet few studies have investigated their association with hormone levels or semen quality. Here, we studied the association between urinary concentrations of OPEs and their metabolites with hormone levels and semen parameters in men (n = 117) predominantly in the 20-29 years age range who were recruited from the greater Montreal area between 2009 and 2012. Urine, serum, and semen samples were analyzed for OPEs, hormones, and semen quality, respectively. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP), bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate (B2,4DtBPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and di-cresyl phosphate (DCPs) were detected in urine at a frequency ≥ 95%. The highest geometric mean concentration was observed for DPHP (18.54 ng/mL) and the second highest was B2,4DtBPP (6.23 ng/mL). Associations between a doubling in analyte concentrations in urine and hormone levels and semen quality parameters were estimated using multivariable linear regression. B2,4DtBPP levels were positively associated with total T3 (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.17). DPHP was inversely associated with estradiol (β = -2.56; 95% CI: -5.00, -0.17), and TCIPP was inversely associated with testosterone (β = -0.78; 95% CI: -1.40, -0.17). Concentrations of BCIPP were inversely associated with sperm concentrations (β = -7.76; 95% CI: -14.40, -0.61), progressive motility (β = - 4.98; 95% CI: -8.71, -1.09), and the sperm motility index (β = -9.72; 95% CI: -17.71, -0.96). In contrast, urinary DPHP concentrations were positively associated with the sperm motility (β = 4.37; 95% CI: 0.76, 8.12) and fertility indices (β = 6.64; 95% CI: 1.96, 11.53). Thus, OPE detection rates were high and exposure to several OPEs was associated with altered hormone levels and semen parameters. The possibility that OPEs affect male reproduction warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Siddique
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Imen Farhat
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cariton Kubwabo
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Chan
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Goodyer
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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234
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Liu W, Zhang H, Ding J, He W, Zhu L, Feng J. Waterborne and Dietary Bioaccumulation of Organophosphate Esters in Zooplankton Daphnia magna. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159382. [PMID: 35954739 PMCID: PMC9367849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as an additive in flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricants, consumer chemicals, and foaming agents. They can accumulate in aquatic organisms from water (waterborne exposure) and food (dietary exposure). However, the bioaccumulation characteristics and relative importance of different exposure routes to the bioaccumulation of OPEs are relatively poorly understood. In this study, Daphnia magna were exposed to fo typical OPEs (tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP)), and their toxicokinetics under waterborne and dietary exposure routes were analyzed. For the waterborne exposure route, the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) increased in the order of TBOEP, TCEP, TDCPP, and TPHP, which were consistent with their uptake rate constants. TPHP might have the most substantial accumulation potential while TBOEP may have the smallest potential. In dietary exposure, the depuration rate constants of four OPEs were different from those in the waterborne experiment, which may indicate other depuration mechanisms in two exposure routes. The biomagnification factors (BMFs) of fur OPEs were all below 1, suggesting trophic dilution in the transfer of four OPEs from Scenedesmus obliquus to D. magna. Except for TBOEP, the contributions of dietary exposure were generally lower than waterborne exposure in D. magna under two exposure concentrations. This study provides information on the bioaccumulation and contribution of OPEs in D. magna via different exposure routes and highlights the importance of considering different exposure routes in assessing the risk of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin Zhu
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (J.F.)
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235
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Li Y, Xiong S, Hao Y, Yang R, Zhang Q, Wania F, Jiang G. Organophosphate esters in Arctic air from 2011 to 2019: Concentrations, temporal trends, and potential sources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128872. [PMID: 35429759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of seven organophosphate ethers (OPEs) were quantified in passive air samples deployed for eight consecutive one-year periods from August 2011 to August 2019 at seven sampling sites in the area of Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Arctic. Non-chlorinated and chlorinated OPEs were approximately equally abundant and the mean atmospheric concentration for the sum of OPEs was around 300 pg/m3. Levels of OPEs were two orders of magnitude higher than those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the sampling regions, likely a result of efficient long-range transport and higher environmental release rates. For the two most abundant compounds, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tris-n-butyl phosphate, increasing temporal trends in atmospheric concentrations were observed, with estimated doubling times of 2.9 and 4.2 years, respectively. Slightly elevated OPE levels at two sampling sites in the vicinity of a research station and the local airport suggest the possible influence of local contamination sources. Re-volatilization from glaciers may also influence levels of OPE in the Arctic atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siyuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Frank Wania
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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236
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Development of magnetic molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for rapid and selective determination of urinary diphenyl phosphate of college students. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463344. [PMID: 35872539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), known as novel alternative flame retardants, are a class of environmental endocrine disruptors. Long-term exposure to OPEs may bring a non-negligible health risk to human. Urinary OPE metabolites (mOPEs) are generally used as biomarkers to evaluate the internal exposure to OPEs. Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), the main metabolite of aryl-OPEs, exhibited high detection rates and concentrations in urine samples. To establish a selective and simple analytical method for biomonitoring urinary DPHP, a specific magnetic molecular imprinted polymer (MMIP) was fabricated via a sol-gel method. Under optimum magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) conditions, the resultant MMIP exhibited selective recognition ability, ideal adsorption capacity and good reusability on urinary DPHP enrichment. The developed MSPE method coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-MS/MS) exhibited good precision and accuracy (spiked recoveries of 85.8%-109% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 5.1%-13%), low detection limit of 0.035 ng/mL, and negligible matrix inhibition. Then we used this proposed method to detect urinary DPHP levels of recruited 30 college students and investigate the time variability and potential determinants. All urine samples revealed the presence of DPHP at a median concentration of 0.56 μg/g Creatinine (Cr). Moderate reproducibility of DPHP level was observed in first morning urine samples (ICC>0.40). Significant correlations were found between urinary DPHP levels and gender (β=0.72; 95% CI: 0.48∼0.96), sampling time (β=0.36; 95% CI: 0.08∼0.65) as well as the frequency for take-out food (β=0.45; 95% CI: 0.07∼0.74) (p< 0.05). Hence, a fast and sensitive MSPE-U-HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully built to quantify urinary DPHP.
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237
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Lian M, Lin C, Li Y, Hao X, Wang A, He M, Liu X, Ouyang W. Distribution, partitioning, and health risk assessment of organophosphate esters in a major tributary of middle Yangtze River using Monte Carlo simulation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118559. [PMID: 35576759 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally, organophosphate esters (OPEs) have attracted substantial attention because of their ubiquity in the environment, toxicity, and potential ecological and health risks. This study comprehensively investigated the occurrence, partitioning, and spatial distribution of nine ordinary monomeric OPEs (m-OPEs) and three emerging oligomeric OPEs (o-OPEs) in a major tributary of the middle Yangtze River, which is the Zijiang River (ZR), and their associated potential health risks. Total OPE concentrations ranged from 18.8 to 439 ng L-1, 1.40 to 19.1 ng L-1, and 3.71 to 77.3 ng g-1 dw in the surface water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment, respectively. Tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) dominated the water (61.3%) and sediment (60.1%) samples, whereas tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) was present in the SPM (59.0%) samples. The proportion of o-OPEs was low in all three media, ranging from 0.60% to 1.90%. Field-based log Koc values of the frequently detected OPEs were higher than those predicted by EPI Suite and were negatively correlated with temperature. The spatial distribution of OPEs in the water and hierarchical cluster analysis suggested that sewage treatment plant effluents and the mining industry were the main sources of OPEs in the ZR. The total noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OPEs in the water were low at the detected concentrations, even in the high-exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshan Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
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238
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Kamjunke N, Beckers LM, Herzsprung P, von Tümpling W, Lechtenfeld O, Tittel J, Risse-Buhl U, Rode M, Wachholz A, Kallies R, Schulze T, Krauss M, Brack W, Comero S, Gawlik BM, Skejo H, Tavazzi S, Mariani G, Borchardt D, Weitere M. Lagrangian profiles of riverine autotrophy, organic matter transformation, and micropollutants at extreme drought. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154243. [PMID: 35245548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On their way from inland to the ocean, flowing water bodies, their constituents and their biotic communities are exposed to complex transport and transformation processes. However, detailed process knowledge as revealed by Lagrangian measurements adjusted to travel time is rare in large rivers, in particular at hydrological extremes. To fill this gap, we investigated autotrophic processes, heterotrophic carbon utilization, and micropollutant concentrations applying a Lagrangian sampling design in a 600 km section of the River Elbe (Germany) at historically low discharge. Under base flow conditions, we expect the maximum intensity of instream processes and of point source impacts. Phytoplankton biomass and photosynthesis increased from upstream to downstream sites but maximum chlorophyll concentration was lower than at mean discharge. Concentrations of dissolved macronutrients decreased to almost complete phosphate depletion and low nitrate values. The longitudinal increase of bacterial abundance and production was less pronounced than in wetter years and bacterial community composition changed downstream. Molecular analyses revealed a longitudinal increase of many DOM components due to microbial production, whereas saturated lipid-like DOM, unsaturated aromatics and polyphenols, and some CHOS surfactants declined. In decomposition experiments, DOM components with high O/C ratios and high masses decreased whereas those with low O/C ratios, low masses, and high nitrogen content increased at all sites. Radiocarbon age analyses showed that DOC was relatively old (890-1870 years B.P.), whereas the mineralized fraction was much younger suggesting predominant oxidation of algal lysis products and exudates particularly at downstream sites. Micropollutants determining toxicity for algae (terbuthylazine, terbutryn, isoproturon and lenacil), hexachlorocyclohexanes and DDTs showed higher concentrations from the middle towards the downstream part but calculated toxicity was not negatively correlated to phytoplankton. Overall, autotrophic and heterotrophic process rates and micropollutant concentrations increased from up- to downstream reaches, but their magnitudes were not distinctly different to conditions at medium discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kamjunke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Liza-Marie Beckers
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Lake Research, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolf von Tümpling
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Lechtenfeld
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Analytics, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Tittel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Lake Research, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ute Risse-Buhl
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rode
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Wachholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rene Kallies
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse, 13 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sara Comero
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Bernd Manfred Gawlik
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Hello Skejo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Simona Tavazzi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Giulio Mariani
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via E. Fermi 2749, T.P. 120, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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239
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High production volume chemicals in seafood: A review of analytical methods, occurrence and population risk. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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240
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Wang L, Jia Y, Hu J. Nine alkyl organophosphate triesters newly identified in house dust. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107333. [PMID: 35687946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to increasing concerns about the toxicity of alkyl organophosphate triesters (OPTEs), it is necessary to comprehensively profile alkyl OPTEs in the environment. In this study, we conducted a nontarget analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry to newly identify alkyl OPTEs in house dust samples collected in North China. Data-independent acquisition mode directed by the characteristic phosphate fragment was used. Nine alkyl OPTEs were newly identified, namely tridecyl phosphate (TDeP), dioctyl tetradecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate (TDoP), dioctyl butoxyethoxyethyl phosphate (DOBEEP), dioctyl (oxo)butoxypropyl phosphate (DOOBPP), dioctyl hydroxyethoxyethoxyethyl phosphate (DOHEEEP), didodecyl hydroxyethoxyethyl phosphate (DDoHEEP), tetradecyl dodecyl hydroxyethoxyethyl phosphate (TDoHEEP), and bis(2-butoxyethyl) hydroxyethyl phosphate (BBOEHEP). BBOEHEP was fully identified by comparison to an authentic standard, and the others were tentative structures (level 3). Eight of them (not DOHEEEP) exhibited detection frequencies between 89% and 100% in the 45 samples, and (semi-)quantitation revealed that their median concentrations and ranges were: TDoP (35.1 ng/g, 8.21-111 ng/g), DOBEEP (29.3 ng/g, 2.56-5191 ng/g), DOOBPP (13.6 ng/g, 1.38-2128 ng/g), BBOEHEP (5.79 ng/g, not detected (ND)-861 ng/g), TDeP (4.10 ng/g, 1.34-39.2 ng/g), DDoHEEP (3.26 ng/g, ND-41.5 ng/g), TDoHEEP (2.09 ng/g, ND-29.5 ng/g), and DOTP (0.93 ng/g, ND-169 ng/g). Moreover, TDeP, TDoP, DOBEEP, DOOBPP, and BBOEHEP were found in SRM2585 (standard house dust). These data revealed the widespread occurrence of alkyl OPTEs with high concentrations in the indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingting Jia
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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241
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Kitamura H, Otake Y, Sugisawa N, Sugisawa H, Ida T, Nakamura H, Fuse S. Sequential Nucleophilic Substitution of Phosphorus Trichloride with Alcohols in a Continuous‐Flow Reactor and Consideration of a Mechanism for Reduced Over‐reaction through the Addition of Imidazole. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200932. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitamura
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Yuma Otake
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Naoto Sugisawa
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugisawa
- Division of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tomonori Ida
- Division of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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242
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Liang Y, Zhou X, Wu Y, Wu Y, Gao S, Zeng X, Yu Z. Rhizobiales as the Key Member in the Synergistic Tris (2-chloroethyl) Phosphate (TCEP) Degradation by Two Bacterial Consortia. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118464. [PMID: 35461102 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is of growing concern because of its ubiquitous occurrence, potential toxicity, and persistence in the environment. In this study, two efficient TCEP degradation consortia (AT1 and AT3) were developed and were able to completely hydrolyze TCEP within 20-25 h. Rhizobiales was identified as the key degrader in both consortia, because Rhizobiales-related phosphoesterase genes were enriched by one to two orders of magnitude when the carbon source was changed from acetate to TCEP. In addition, the increase in Rhizobiales abundance was related to the development of TCEP degradation. The isolation of Xanthobacter strains confirmed the efficient TCEP and bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) degradation of Rhizobiales. The higher abundances of phosphoesterase genes affiliated with Rhizobiales genera (Bradyrhizobium and Ancylobacter), Cytophagales genus (Spirosoma), Sphingobacteriales genus (Pedobacter), and Burkholderia genus (Methylibium), may be related to the faster TCEP degradation in AT3, while the higher abundance of Rhizobiales genus (Hyphomicrobium)-related phosphodiesterase (PDE) genes may contribute to the faster BCEP degradation in AT1. The stepwise hydrolysis of TCEP was likely catalyzed by different bacterial guilds, which was confirmed by the coculture of TCEP- and BCEP-degrading isolates and highlighted the importance of synergistic interactions during TCEP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiding Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shutao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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243
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A single-cell survey unveils cellular heterogeneity and sensitive responses in mouse cortices induced by oral exposure to triphenyl phosphate. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2545-2557. [PMID: 35752650 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is a non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardant, and there is a higher exposure risk in children. TPhP has been found to be neurotoxic upon developmental exposure, yet the specific mechanism remains unclear. To characterize the cellular responses underlying TPhP-induced developmental neurotoxicity, we administered TPhP (0.5, 5 or 50 mg/kg/day) to neonatal mice from postnatal day 10 (P10)-P70. A total of 17,229 cells and 26,338 genes were identified in cortical samples from control and low-dose (the internal doses of metabolite DPhP comparable to human exposure level) groups using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). TPhP exposure led to heterogeneous transcriptional alterations and intercellular crosstalk among neurons, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), endothelial cells, and immunocytes. Deprivation of NSPCs, loss of mature neurons, and concomitant neuroinflammation mediated by extrinsic and intrinsic immunocytes were found in TPhP-exposed cortices. In addition, we observed blood-brain barrier destruction prior to the anxiety/depression-like neurobehavioral changes. These results reveal the distinctive cellular processes in TPhP's neurodevelopmental toxicity and uncover that the impeded neurogenesis, disrupted vascular barrier, and concomitant neuroinflammation are the sensitive responses to TPhP exposure. Our study paves the way for the application of scRNA-seq in toxicity assessments for emerging neurotoxic pollutants.
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244
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Chen N, Fan S, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Yao S, Chen X, Liu X, Shi Z. Organophosphate esters and their diester metabolites in infant formulas and baby supplementary foods collected in Beijing, China: Occurrence and the implications for infant exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154272. [PMID: 35247416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been extensively used as flame retardants and/or plasticizers and they found to be ubiquitous in various environmental matrices along with the gradual phase-out of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Moreover, their main metabolites, organophosphate di-esters (di-OPEs), were also frequently detected. However, few studies focused on the occurrence of OPEs and di-OPEs in foods. In this study, fourteen OPEs and five di-OPEs were measured in infant formula and baby supplementary food (BSF) collected in Beijing, China. Most OPEs and di-OPEs presented high detection frequencies, which indicated their ubiquity in baby foods. The concentrations of ∑14OPEs in the 75 infant formula samples ranged from 0.79 to 159 ng/g, with a median of 23.2 ng/g, and in which triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) was the most abundant compound. The concentrations of ∑14OPEs in the 32 BSF samples were 4.42-115 ng/g (median: 19.5 ng/g), and tri(3-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was predominant. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between OPE levels in infant formula and BSF. The median concentrations of Σ5di-OPEs in infant formula and BSF were 3.39 and 5.43 ng/g, respectively. However, no significantly correlation was observed between concentrations of di-OPEs and their parent compounds, which indicated they have different sources. The median estimated dietary intakes (EDIs) of the ∑14OPEs were from 165 to 383 ng/kg bodyweight (bw)/day for infants via infant formula feeding, and were from 429 to 470 ng/kg bw/day via BSF feeding. A comparison to corresponding reference dose (RfD) suggested that dietary intakes of OPEs to Beijing infants via formula/BSF consumption were still unable to cause significant health concerns. However, EDIs of OPEs for infants were found to be significantly higher than that for Chinese adults, and dietary intake might be the predominant OPE intake pathway for infants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate OPEs and their metabolites in baby foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sai Fan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Shunying Yao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuelei Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100013, China.
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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245
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Zhang W, Giesy JP, Wang P. Organophosphate esters in agro-foods: Occurrence, sources and emerging challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154271. [PMID: 35245542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Safety and sustainable agro-food production is important for food and nutrition security. Agro-foods safety is challenged by various emerging environmental contaminants. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been reported to occur in various agro-food items worldwide, which has resulted in increasing concerns for effects on health of humans and wildlife, including through agriculture. However, information on presence, sources and transfer routes of OPEs in agro-foods, and consequent health risks remains scant. This review critically evaluates available information on concentrations of OPEs in various agro-foods, and discusses potential sources of OPEs in agro-foods, which are closely related to the ambient agri-environment, agricultural inputs, and agro-foods processing. Some directions for future research are suggested. First, since food is an important exposure pathway to OPEs, systematic monitoring of concentrations of OPEs in various categories of agro-foods is recommended. Second, surveillance of concentrations and characteristics of OPEs in agro-foods and ambient agri-environments, agricultural inputs or processing in the agro-food chain is needed to obtain a more complete description of exposure and transmission behavior of OPEs in agro-foods. Third, future comprehensive studies of transmission, metabolism and accumulation of OPEs in animals or plants, are required. Finally, measures to control emissions of OPEs as sources to agriculture should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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246
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Hou M, Zhang B, Fu S, Cai Y, Shi Y. Penetration of Organophosphate Triesters and Diesters across the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier: Efficiencies, Impact Factors, and Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8221-8230. [PMID: 35658413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The penetration of organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs) and diesters (di-OPEs) across the blood-brain barrier and their influencing factors remain unclear in humans. In this study, 21 tri-OPEs and 8 di-OPEs were measured in 288 paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected in Jinan, China. Six tri-OPEs were frequently detected in both serum and CSF, with median concentrations ranging from 0.062 to 1.62 and 0.042-1.11 ng/mL, respectively. Their penetration efficiencies across the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) (RCSF/serum, CCSF/Cserum) were calculated at 0.667-2.80, and these efficiencies first increased and then decreased with their log Kow values. The reduced penetration efficiencies of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) may be attributed to their strong binding affinities for human serum albumin and p-glycoprotein due to their high hydrophobicity and aryl structure, as indicated by molecular docking. This suggests that active efflux transport may be involved in the penetration of TPHP and EHDPP in addition to passive diffusion similar to the other four tri-OPEs. Di-OPEs were found in few serum samples and even fewer CSF samples, indicating their limited BCSFB permeability. This may be due to their high polarity, low hydrophobicity, and ionic state in blood. This study has important implications for understanding the neurotoxicity of tri-OPEs and di-OPEs and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bona Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shanji Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
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247
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Lv J, Guo C, Luo Y, Liu Y, Deng Y, Sun S, Xu J. Spatial distribution, receptor modelling and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface water from the largest freshwater lake in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113618. [PMID: 35551044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) has become a global concern in recent years. This study investigated the occurrence, spatial distribution, and potential sources of thirteen OPEs and their associated ecological and human health risks in water samples from the largest freshwater lake, Poyang Lake, together with its five major inflow rivers and the water channel to Yangtze River. The total OPEs concentrations ranged from 38.44 ng/L to 428.94 ng/L, and the largest tributary Ganjiang River was much more polluted than other rivers. Chlorinated OPEs, such as tris (1-chloro‑2-propyl) phosphate and tri (2-chloroethyl) phosphate occupied the dominant composition of OPEs in the research area. Principal component analysis with multiple linear regression, positive matrix factorization, and correlation analysis were used to apportion the potential sources of OPEs in surface water. The combined contribution of polyvinyl chloride, polyester resins, and polyurethane foam (68.64%), antifoam agent and hydraulic fluids (21.50%), and the release of decorative materials and electric equipment from indoor (9.86%) were identified as the OPEs sources in the study region. The risk quotients (RQs) showed the ecological risk was negligible, but 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate exposures posed medium ecological risk to aquatic organisms. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the target OPEs were below the theoretical risk threshold values, however, toddlers were much more sensitive to the OPEs exposure in surface water than teenagers and adults. Oral ingestion was the principal exposure pathway, and the health risk via oral ingestion was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than dermal contact exposure route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changsheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanghui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shanwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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248
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Comparison of the extractability of organophosphorus flame retardants in landfill media using organic and green solvents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9529. [PMID: 35680955 PMCID: PMC9184578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solvents are mainly used in the extraction of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) because of their availability and having been tested as good extracting solvents for most environmental pollutants. However, organic solvents are toxic, flammable, and costly. Hence, there is an ongoing quest for less hazardous chemicals such as green deep eutectic solvents (DES) that are cheap, recyclable, non-toxic and degradable in the environment, which can be used to extract organic pollutants such as OPFRs in environmental samples. This study assessed the extractability of OPFRs in municipal landfill leachate and sediment, using organic solvents and DES. Of the fourteen targeted OPFRs, 11 (80%) and 7 (50%) were detected in the leachate and sediment samples, using hexane; whereas 14 (100%) and 13 (90%) OPFRs were detected in the same order of samples using DES. The concentrations of OPFRs obtained for the leachate using optimum organic and DES ranged from below the limit of quantification (< LOQ)—516 ± 8.10 ng/L and < LOQ—453 ± 8.10 ng/L respectively. Correspondingly, the concentrations of OPFRs in sediment samples ranged from < LOQ—135 ± 2.89 ng/g dw and < LOQ—395 ± 2.24 ng/g dw, respectively. The results from this study, therefore, highlight the potential of DES to extract more OPFR from complex matrices such as landfill leachate and sediment. This finding infers that green hydrophilic DES can serve as good replacement for organic solvents such as hexane in liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid–liquid extraction (SLE) techniques for landfill leachate and sediment.
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249
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Fu Z, Xie HB, Elm J, Liu Y, Fu Z, Chen J. Atmospheric Autoxidation of Organophosphate Esters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6944-6955. [PMID: 34793133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have frequently been identified in the atmosphere. However, their atmospheric fate and toxicity associated with atmospheric transformations are unclear. Here, we performed quantum chemical calculations and computational toxicology to investigate the reaction mechanism of peroxy radicals of OPEs (OPEs-RO2•), key intermediates in determining the atmospheric chemistry of OPEs, and the toxicity of the reaction products. TMP-RO2• (R1) and TCPP-RO2• (R2) derived from trimethyl phosphate and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, respectively, are selected as model systems. The results indicate that R1 and R2 can follow an H-shift-driven autoxidation mechanism under low NO concentration ([NO]) conditions, clarifying that RO2• from esters can follow an autoxidation mechanism. The unexpected autoxidation mechanism can be attributed to the distinct role of the ─(O)3P(═O) phosphate-ester group in facilitating the H-shift of OPEs-RO2• from commonly encountered ─OC(═O)─ and ─ONO2 ester groups in the atmosphere. Under high [NO] conditions, NO can mediate the autoxidation mechanism to form organonitrates and alkoxy radical-related products. The products from the autoxidation mechanism have low volatility and aquatic toxicity compared to their corresponding parent compounds. The proposed autoxidation mechanism advances our current understanding of the atmospheric RO2• chemistry and the environmental risk of OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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250
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Yu M, Li X, Liu B, Li Y, Liu L, Wang L, Song L, Wang Y, Hu L, Mei S. Organophosphate esters in children and adolescents in Liuzhou city, China: concentrations, exposure assessment, and predictors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39310-39322. [PMID: 35098472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dermal contact with dust is commonly considered an important pathway of exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs), but the importance of OPE uptake from diet is unclear. Herein, we used hand wipes to estimate OPE exposure from indoor dust and examined whether urinary OPE metabolite concentrations were influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, OPE amount in hand wipes, and dietary factors. OPEs were measured in urine and hand wipes from 6 to 18-year-old children and adolescents (n=929) in Liuzhou, China. Sociodemographic and dietary factors were obtained from questionnaire. Six OPE metabolites were detected in >70% of the urine samples, and seven OPEs were detected in >50% of the hand wipes. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated using urinary OPE metabolites to investigate the total daily intake of OPEs, in which 0.36-10.1% of the total intake was attributed to the exposure from dermal absorption. In multivariate linear regression models, sex, age, and maternal education were significant predictors of urinary OPE metabolite concentrations. Urinary diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) is positively associated with its parent compounds 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) in hand wipes. High versus low vegetable intake was associated with a 23.7% higher DPHP (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51%, 52.1%). Barreled water drinking was associated with a 30.4% (95% CI: 11.8%, 52.0%) increase in bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) 1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate (BCIPHIPP) compared to tap water drinking. Our results suggested the widespread exposure to OPEs in children and adolescents. In addition to dermal absorption, dietary intake may be an important exposure source of certain OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bingqing Liu
- Department of Women's Healthcare, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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