201
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Poli A. The PURE study and the enigmatic aspects of the diet: is it possible that an high saturated fat consumption would not be harmful? Eur Heart J Suppl 2020; 22:E113-E115. [PMID: 32523453 PMCID: PMC7270973 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
According to the results of a recent observational epidemiologic study, the PURE study, an elevated consumption of saturated fats in the diet would not be detrimental for the cardiovascular risk, and would not increase all-causes-mortality. A part for the criticism the study received, for being conducted in eastern countries and mainly in rural settings, its results are substantially in agreement with the most recent epidemiological literature, which gradually redefined the pro-atherogenic role of the saturated fats. It is possible that this type of fats, in this instance, would have a limited and restricted effect, and rather represent the overall effect of the foodstuff in which they abound, in the prevalent dietetic habits of the population studied. The results of the PURE study can be integrated with little difficulties, with the recent revision of the role of the alimentary fats in determining cardiovascular risk and all-causes-mortality. The revision doesn’t support (assuming adequate calories and weight control) a limitation of the total dietary fats, saturated fats in particular. An excessive reduction of saturated fats, particularly in Europe, could lead to an unnecessary and unsolicited limitation of certain foods (most commonly cheese), whose final impact on overall health is favourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Milano, Italy
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202
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Owen AJ, Abramson MJ, Ikin JF, McCaffrey TA, Pomeroy S, Borg BM, Gao CX, Brown D, Liew D. Recommended Intake of Key Food Groups and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Australian Older, Rural-Dwelling Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030860. [PMID: 32210180 PMCID: PMC7146596 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between diet quality scores and cardiometabolic risk factors in regionally-dwelling older Australian adults with increased cardiovascular risk. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of demographic, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic risk factor data from 458 participants of the Cardiovascular Stream of the Hazelwood Health Study. Participants completed a 120 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, education, diabetes, and body mass index was used to examine the relationship between diet and cardiometabolic risk factors. Mean (SD) age of participants was 71 (8) years, and 55% were male. More than half of men and women did not meet recommended intakes of fibre, while 60% of men and 42% of women exceeded recommended dietary sodium intakes. Higher diet quality in terms of intake of vegetables, grains, and non-processed meat, as well as intake of non-fried fish, was associated with more favourable cardiometabolic risk profiles, while sugar-sweetened soft drink intake was strongly associated with adverse cardiometabolic risk factor levels. In older, regionally-dwelling adults, dietary public health strategies that address whole grain products, vegetable and fish consumption, and sugar-sweetened soft-drink intake may be of benefit in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9903-0045
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Jill F. Ikin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Tracy A. McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Sylvia Pomeroy
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Brigitte M. Borg
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
- Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Caroline X. Gao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - David Brown
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.J.A.); (J.F.I.); (S.P.); (B.M.B.); (C.X.G.); (D.B.); (D.L.)
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203
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Hirahatake KM, Bruno RS, Bolling BW, Blesso C, Alexander LM, Adams SH. Dairy Foods and Dairy Fats: New Perspectives on Pathways Implicated in Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:266-279. [PMID: 31555799 PMCID: PMC7442361 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-fat and nonfat dairy products have been promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern by both US dietary guidelines and professional organizations for several decades. The basis for this recommendation stems in part from the putative negative cardiometabolic effects associated with saturated fat consumption. However, as nutrition research has shifted from a single nutrient to a whole-food/dietary pattern approach, the role of dairy foods and dairy fat in the diet-disease relationship is being reexamined. Most observational and experimental evidence does not support a detrimental relationship between full-fat dairy intake and cardiometabolic health, including risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, an expanded understanding of the dairy food matrix and the bioactive properties of dairy fats and other constituents suggests a neutral or potentially beneficial role in cardiometabolic health. To consider how consuming dairy foods, including full-fat dairy, is associated with cardiometabolic health, this review provides an innovative perspective on mechanisms that link dairy consumption to 3 main biological systems at the core of metabolic health, the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hirahatake
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Address correspondence to SHA (e-mail: )
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204
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Bays HE. Ten things to know about ten cardiovascular disease risk factors ("ASPC Top Ten - 2020"). Am J Prev Cardiol 2020; 1:100003. [PMID: 34327447 PMCID: PMC8315360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventive cardiology involves understanding and managing multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Given the rapid advancements in medical science, it may be challenging for the busy clinician to remain up-to-date on the multifaceted and fundamental aspects of CVD prevention, and maintain awareness of the newest applicable guidelines. The "American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) Top Ten 2020" summarizes ten essential things to know about ten important CVD risk factors, listed in tabular formats. The ten CVD risk factors include unhealthful nutrition, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, obesity, considerations of select populations (older age, race/ethnicity, and gender), thrombosis/smoking, kidney dysfunction and genetics/familial hypercholesterolemia. For the individual patient, other CVD risk factors may be relevant, beyond the CVD risk factors discussed here. However, it is the intent of the "ASPC Top Ten 2020" to provide a succinct overview of things to know about ten common CVD risk factors applicable to preventive cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288, Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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205
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Jeffrey MP, Jones Taggart H, Strap JL, Edun G, Green-Johnson JM. Milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 induces a regulatory cytokine profile in LPS-challenged U937 and THP-1 macrophages. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 3:51-58. [PMID: 32914120 PMCID: PMC7473351 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy products have become attractive functional foods for the delivery of probiotics and their biologically active metabolites. The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory activity of milk fermented with the probiotic lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (LrF) on macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent pro-inflammatory stimulus. To this end, human THP-1 or U937 monocytes were differentiated into resting macrophages then stimulated with LPS and co-incubated with the LrF or with milk controls. Levels of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Culturing of LPS-stimulated U937 macrophages with either the whole or filtered LrF resulted in an increase in Interleukin (IL)-1Ra production relative to the negative control. THP-1 macrophages cultured with the LrF demonstrated an increase in LPS-induced IL-10 and IL-1β production, while production of LPS-induced IL-6, sCD54, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) was unaffected. Further, the LrF induced the expression of DC-SIGN and CD206, markers of immunoregulatory M2 macrophage polarization, in LPS-challenged THP-1 macrophages. Taken together, milk fermented with L. rhamnosus R0011 increased regulatory cytokine production from LPS-challenged U937 and THP-1 macrophages, while simultaneously up-regulating the production of IL-1β and expression of DC-SIGN and CD206, a profile characteristic of polarization into the immunoregulatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 (Lrf) induces a regulatory macrophage phenotype. Modulation of cytokine profiles induced by lipopolysaccharide challenge consistent with an alternatively activated (M2) macrophage phenotype. Fermented milk conditioning induced macrophage expression of genes characteristic of M2 macrophage polarization (DC-SIGN and CD206).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Jeffrey
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Jones Taggart
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Janice L. Strap
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Gibran Edun
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Julia M. Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Science, Ontario Technical University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, Canada.
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206
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Mulet-Cabero AI, Mackie AR, Brodkorb A, Wilde PJ. Dairy structures and physiological responses: a matter of gastric digestion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3737-3752. [PMID: 32056441 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1707159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Digestion and health properties of food do not solely rely on the sum of nutrients but are also influenced by food structure. Dairy products present an array of structures due to differences in the origin of milk components and the changes induced by processing. Some dairy structures have been observed to induce specific effects on digestion rates and physiological responses. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Gastric digestion plays a key role in controlling digestion kinetics. The main objective of this review is to expose the relevance of gastric phase as the link between dairy structures and physiological responses. The focus is on human and animal studies, and physiological relevant in vitro digestion models. Data collected showed that the structure of dairy products have a profound impact on rate of nutrient bioavailability, absorption and physiological responses, suggesting gastric digestion as the main driver. Control of gastric digestion can be a tool for delivering specific rates of nutrient digestion. Therefore, the design of food structure targeting specific gastric behavior could be of great interest for particular population needs e.g. rapid nutrient digestion will benefit elderly, and slow nutrient digestion could help to enhance satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan R Mackie
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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207
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter C Willett
- From the Departments of Nutrition (W.C.W., D.S.L.) and Epidemiology (W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (W.C.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School (D.S.L.); and the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital (D.S.L.) - all in Boston
| | - David S Ludwig
- From the Departments of Nutrition (W.C.W., D.S.L.) and Epidemiology (W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (W.C.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School (D.S.L.); and the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital (D.S.L.) - all in Boston
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208
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Karageorgou D, Magriplis E, Bakogianni I, Mitsopoulou AV, Dimakopoulos I, Micha R, Michas G, Ntouroupi T, Tsaniklidou SM, Argyri K, Chourdakis M, Panagiotakos DB, Zampelas A. Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease in Greek adults: The Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:201-213. [PMID: 31761547 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Empirically-derived dietary patterns have been shown to have both positive and adverse associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, such associations remain unclear in the Greek population. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between empirically-derived dietary patterns and the presence of CVD and CVD-related medical conditions in a nationally representative sample of Greek adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult participants (≥20 years old) of the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS) were included (N = 3552; 41.2% men; 43.7 years, SD: 18.1). Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis using 24-h recall data. The presence of dyslipidemia (elevated cholesterol and/or triglycerides), hypertension, coronary heart disease, and total CVD, was defined according to the International Clinical Diagnosis (ICD)-10 codes. Odds ratios of CVD outcomes were estimated across dietary patterns using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Three dietary patterns -Traditional (proxy Mediterranean), Western, and Prudent-were identified explaining 16.5% of the total variance in consumption. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, total caloric intake, sociodemographic characteristics, and other CVD risk factors, showed an inverse association between the Traditional dietary pattern and CVD presence (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30-0.95), and a positive association between the Western pattern and dyslipidemia (1.52; 1.02-2.26). No association was found between the Prudent pattern and CVD outcomes. CONCLUSION The variability of food intake combinations in the Greek population seem to be associated with the presence of CVD and CVD related conditions. Such findings are imperative for national monitoring and informed priority setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Karageorgou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouella Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Bakogianni
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia V Mitsopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dimakopoulos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Renata Micha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - George Michas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllia Ntouroupi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia M Tsaniklidou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Argyri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, 176 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece.
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209
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Machado-Fragua MD, Struijk EA, Caballero FF, Ortolá R, Lana A, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E. Dairy consumption and risk of falls in 2 European cohorts of older adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3140-3146. [PMID: 32075745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Some previous evidence have linked dairy products with greater muscle mass, bone mineral density and lower risk of osteoporosis. However, there is also evidence of a detrimental effect of milk on the risk of hip fracture. The aim of this study was to assess the prospective association between dairy consumption and risk of falls in older adults. METHODS We used data from 2 cohorts of community-dwellers aged ≥60y: the Seniors-ENRICA cohort with 2981 individuals, and the UK Biobank cohort with 8927 participants. In the Seniors-ENRICA, dairy consumption was assessed with a validated diet history in 2008-10, and falls were ascertained up to 2015. In the UK Biobank study, dairy consumption was obtained with 3-5 multiple-pass 24-h food records in 2006-10, and falls were assessed up to 2016. RESULTS A total of 801 individuals in the Seniors-ENRICA and 201 in the UK Biobank experienced ≥1 fall. After adjustment for potential confounders, dairy products were not associated with risk of falls in the Seniors-ENRICA [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) per 1-serving increment in total dairy consumption: 1.02 (0.93-1.11), milk: 0.93 (0.85-1.01), yogurt: 1.05 (0.96-1.15), and cheese: 0.96 (0.88-1.05)]. Corresponding figures in the UK Biobank were: total dairy: 1.19 (1.00-1.41), milk: 1.53 (1.13-2.08), yogurt: 1.10 (0.90-1.31), and cheese: 1.02 (0.87-1.22). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a null association between habitual dairy consumption and the risk of falling in older adults. Whether milk consumption may increase the risk of falls, as observed in the UK Biobank cohort, merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Machado-Fragua
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz) CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz) CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz) CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz) CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Oviedo / ISPA, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz) CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz) CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz) CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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210
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Yang JJ, Yu D, Xiang YB, Blot W, White E, Robien K, Sinha R, Park Y, Takata Y, Lazovich D, Gao YT, Zhang X, Lan Q, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Johansson I, Tumino R, Riboli E, Tjønneland A, Skeie G, Quirós JR, Johansson M, Smith-Warner SA, Zheng W, Shu XO. Association of Dietary Fiber and Yogurt Consumption With Lung Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis. JAMA Oncol 2020; 6:e194107. [PMID: 31647500 PMCID: PMC6813596 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Dietary fiber (the main source of prebiotics) and yogurt (a probiotic food) confer various health benefits via modulating the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways. However, their associations with lung cancer risk have not been well investigated. Objective To evaluate the individual and joint associations of dietary fiber and yogurt consumption with lung cancer risk and to assess the potential effect modification of the associations by lifestyle and other dietary factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This pooled analysis included 10 prospective cohorts involving 1 445 850 adults from studies that were conducted in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Data analyses were performed between November 2017 and February 2019. Using harmonized individual participant data, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer risk associated with dietary fiber and yogurt intakes were estimated for each cohort by Cox regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Participants who had a history of cancer at enrollment or developed any cancer, died, or were lost to follow-up within 2 years after enrollment were excluded. Exposures Dietary fiber intake and yogurt consumption measured by validated instruments. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident lung cancer, subclassified by histologic type (eg, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma). Results The analytic sample included 627 988 men, with a mean (SD) age of 57.9 (9.0) years, and 817 862 women, with a mean (SD) age of 54.8 (9.7) years. During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, 18 822 incident lung cancer cases were documented. Both fiber and yogurt intakes were inversely associated with lung cancer risk after adjustment for status and pack-years of smoking and other lung cancer risk factors: hazard ratio, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.91) for the highest vs lowest quintile of fiber intake; and hazard ratio, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76-0.87) for high vs no yogurt consumption. The fiber or yogurt associations with lung cancer were significant in never smokers and were consistently observed across sex, race/ethnicity, and tumor histologic type. When considered jointly, high yogurt consumption with the highest quintile of fiber intake showed more than 30% reduced risk of lung cancer than nonyogurt consumption with the lowest quintile of fiber intake (hazard ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.61-0.73] in total study populations; hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.54-0.89] in never smokers), suggesting potential synergism. Conclusions and Relevance Dietary fiber and yogurt consumption was associated with reduced risk of lung cancer after adjusting for known risk factors and among never smokers. Our findings suggest a potential protective role of prebiotics and probiotics against lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jeong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yumie Takata
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Civic-M.P. Arezzo Hospital, American Samoa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Elio Riboli
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Denmark Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UIT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyons, France
| | - Stephanie A. Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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211
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Grout L, Baker MG, French N, Hales S. A Review of Potential Public Health Impacts Associated With the Global Dairy Sector. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2019GH000213. [PMID: 32159049 PMCID: PMC7017588 DOI: 10.1029/2019gh000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong demand for dairy products has led to a global increase in dairy production. In many parts of the world, dairy systems are undergoing rapid intensification. While increased production may contribute to food security, higher dairy stocking rates in some regions have resulted in increased pressure on natural resources with the potential to affect public health and wellbeing. The aim of this review was to identify and describe the potential health harms and benefits associated with dairy production and consumption. Electronic databases Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched for published literature that investigated human health impacts of dairy production and consumption. Occupational hazards, environmental health impacts, ecosystem health impacts, foodborne hazards, and diet-related chronic diseases were identified as potential public health hazards. Some impacts, notably climate change, extend beyond directly exposed populations. Dairy production and consumption are also associated with important health benefits through the provision of nutrients and economic opportunities. As the global dairy sector increases production, exposure to a range of hazards must be weighed with these benefits. The review of impacts presented here can provide an input into decision making about optimal levels of dairy production and consumption, local land use, and identification and management of specific hazards from this sector. Future research should consider multiple exposure routes, socioeconomic implications, and environmental factors, particularly in regions heavily dependent on dairy farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Grout
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Michael G. Baker
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Nigel French
- School of Veterinary Science, Hopkirk Research InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Simon Hales
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle lifelong is capable of significantly reducing the cardiovascular risk by up to 70% and is therefore a key component in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. According to the European and American guidelines lifestyle interventions include not smoking, daily physical activity of ≥150 min/week at moderate intensity or 75 min/week for higher intensity physical activity, a cardioprotective nutrition (high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, low amounts of saturated fatty acids and low salt intake), normal body weight (body mass index 20-25 kg/m2), arterial blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg (optimum <130/80 mm Hg), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol target values depending on the cardiovascular risk and a normal glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus with adjustment of a HbA1c to <7%. Lifestyle measures with weight reduction and intensification of physical activity can improve the cardiometabolic risk factors. In this way reduction of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures by approximately 10-15 mm Hg, reduction of HbA1c by approximately 1 % and reduction of triglycerides by ca. 30-40 % are possible. The LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) levels cannot be easily influenced. Beyond the recommendations for a cardioprotective lifestyle, additional pharmacological therapy may have to be added depending on the cardiovascular risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Heinicke
- Fakultät für Medizin, Lehrstuhl für Präventive Sportmedizin und Sportkardiologie, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, München, Deutschland
| | - Martin Halle
- Fakultät für Medizin, Lehrstuhl für Präventive Sportmedizin und Sportkardiologie, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, München, Deutschland.
- Munich Heart Alliance, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), München, Deutschland.
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213
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Due to inconsistent findings on dairy consumption and CVD and all-cause mortality, we performed a narrative literature review to the current literature on dairy and its association with CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Due to their complex biochemistry, dairy consumption is a rather heterogeneous exposure. Multiple pathways have been proposed from dairy consumption and CVD. Current guidelines advocate for consumption of low-fat dairy products particularly milk, cheese, and yogurt, although the evidence for this is scant. Randomized clinical trials and large prospective studies on lipid-related cardiometabolic disease risk factors are consistent with results from most meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, which suggest null or inverse relationship between CVD risk and mortality with dairy consumption although there is no clear dose response relationship. Most of current evidence suggests that dairy products are neutral or positive effect on human cardiovascular diseases.
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Yogurt Intake Reduces All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Eight Prospective Cohort Studies. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:462-468. [PMID: 31970674 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between yogurt intake and mortality risk from prospective cohort studies. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for all records related to yogurt intake and mortality risk [all-cause or cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer mortality] before October 1, 2018. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale was used to estimate the quality of all eligible articles. The results of the highest and lowest categories of yogurt intake in each study were collected and the effect size was pooled using a random effects model. The dose-response analysis was calculated using the generalized least squares trend estimation model. RESULTS Eight eligible cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. There were 235,676 participants in the 8 studies, and the number of deaths was 14,831. Compared with the lowest category, the highest category of yogurt intake was not significantly related with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR)=0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85, 1.01], CVD mortality (HR=0.92; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.03) and cancer mortality (HR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.12). These studies were homogenous, since the homogeneity test showed that I2 was 28.7%, 15.1% and 11.8%, respectively. However, yogurt intake ⩾200 g/d was significantly associated with a lower all-cause mortality (HR=0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.96) and CVD mortality (HR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.99) in the subgroup analysis. The dose-response analysis showed that yogurt intake of 200 g/d was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (P=0.041, HR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) and CVD mortality (P=0.009, HR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98), and all of which were linear relationship (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS This review provided the evidence regarding yogurt intake can reduce all-cause and CVD mortality. Although some positive findings were identified, more high-quality cohort studies and randomized controlled trials are warranted on a possible protective effect of yoghurt on health.
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215
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van der Gaag E, Brandsema R, Nobbenhuis R, van der Palen J, Hummel T. Influence of Dietary Advice Including Green Vegetables, Beef, and Whole Dairy Products on Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010272. [PMID: 31968697 PMCID: PMC7019298 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since no treatment exists for children suffering from upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) without immunological disorders, we searched for a possible tool to improve the health of these children. Aim: We evaluated whether dietary advice (based on food matrix and food synergy), including standard supportive care, can decrease the number and duration of URTIs in children with recurrent URTIs. Design and Setting: This study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial in two pediatric outpatient clinics in the Netherlands, with 118 children aged one to four years with recurrent URTIs. The dietary advice group received dietary advice plus standard supportive care, while the control group received standard supportive care alone for six months. The dietary advice consisted of green vegetables five times per week, beef three times per week, 300 mL whole milk per day, and whole dairy butter on bread every day. Portion sizes were age-appropriate. Results and Conclusion: Children in the dietary advice group had 4.8 (1.6–9.5) days per month with symptoms of an URTI in the last three months of the study, compared to 7.7 (4.0–12.3) in the control group (p = 0.028). The total number of URTIs during the six-month study period was 5.7 (±0.55) versus 6.8 (±0.49), respectively (p = 0.068). The use of antibiotics was significantly reduced in the dietary advice group, as well as visits to a general practitioner, thereby possibly reducing healthcare costs. The results show a reduced number of days with symptoms of a URTI following dietary advice. The number of infections was not significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen van der Gaag
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Group Twente, 17609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands;
- Department of BMS, University Twente, 57522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (J.v.d.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruben Brandsema
- Department of BMS, University Twente, 57522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (J.v.d.P.)
| | - Rosan Nobbenhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Group Twente, 17609 PP Almelo, The Netherlands;
| | - Job van der Palen
- Department of BMS, University Twente, 57522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.B.); (J.v.d.P.)
| | - Thalia Hummel
- Medical Spectrum Twente, 17512 KZ Enschede, The Netherlands;
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216
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Soedamah-Muthu SS, Guo J. Dairy consumption and cardiometabolic diseases: Evidence from prospective studies. MILK AND DAIRY FOODS 2020:1-28. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815603-2.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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217
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Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, Chapman MJ, De Backer GG, Delgado V, Ference BA, Graham IM, Halliday A, Landmesser U, Mihaylova B, Pedersen TR, Riccardi G, Richter DJ, Sabatine MS, Taskinen MR, Tokgozoglu L, Wiklund O. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2020; 290:140-205. [PMID: 31504418 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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218
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Fontes AS, Pallottini AC, Vieira DADS, Fontanelli MDM, Marchioni DM, Cesar CLG, Alves MCGP, Goldbaum M, Fisberg RM. Demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake: a population-based study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2020; 23:e200003. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) varies according to the characteristics of the population. Objective: To investigate the SSB intake and demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with its consumption in adolescents, adults, and older adults in São Paulo. Methods: Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,662 individuals aged 12 years or more. SSB were classified into six groups: sugar-sweetened sodas, sweetened coffee and tea, sweetened milk and dairy products, sweetened fruit juice, sweetened fruit drink, and total SSB. The association of each group with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables was assessed using linear regression models. Results: The mean SSB intake was 668.4 mL in adolescents, 502.6 mL in adults, and 358.2 mL in elderly adults. Sodas and sweetened coffee and tea represented had the greatest contribution to energy intake. SSB consumption was lower among female sex and higher among overweight adolescents, among sufficiently active adults, and among lower household per capita income older adults. Consumption of SSB was high, particularly among adolescents. Public policies are required in order to decrease the consumption of these beverages. Conclusion: Age group, sex, household per capita income, and body mass index status were associated with SSB intake.
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219
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Clay N, Garnett T, Lorimer J. Dairy intensification: Drivers, impacts and alternatives. AMBIO 2020; 49:35-48. [PMID: 31055793 PMCID: PMC6888798 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dairy production systems have rapidly intensified over the past several decades. Dairy farms in many world regions are larger and concentrated in fewer hands. Higher productivity can increase overall economic gains but also incurs site-specific social and environmental costs. In this paper, we review the drivers and impacts of dairy intensification. We identify in the literature four prominent concerns about dairy intensification: the environment, animal welfare, socioeconomic well-being, and human health. We then critically assess three frameworks-sustainable intensification, multifunctionality, and agroecology-which promise win-win solutions to these concerns. We call for research and policy approaches that can better account for synergies and trade-offs among the multiple dimensions of dairy impacts. Specifically, we suggest the need to (1) consider dairy system transitions within broader processes of social-environmental change and (2) investigate how certain framings and metrics may lead to uneven social-environmental outcomes. Such work can help visualize transformations towards more equitable, ethical, and sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Clay
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
| | - Tara Garnett
- Food Climate Research Network, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
| | - Jamie Lorimer
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
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220
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Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, Chapman MJ, De Backer GG, Delgado V, Ference BA, Graham IM, Halliday A, Landmesser U, Mihaylova B, Pedersen TR, Riccardi G, Richter DJ, Sabatine MS, Taskinen MR, Tokgozoglu L, Wiklund O. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:111-188. [PMID: 31504418 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4573] [Impact Index Per Article: 1143.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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221
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Yang HG, Li HY, Li P, Bao XY, Huang GX, Xing L, Zheng N, Wang JQ. Modulation activity of heat-treated and untreated lactoferrin on the TLR-4 pathway in anoxia cell model and cerebral ischemia reperfusion mouse model. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1151-1163. [PMID: 31837800 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the modulation activity of heated and nonheated lactoferrins in an inflammatory pathway in anoxia and reoxygenation cell and cerebral ischemic reperfusion mouse models. Rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC-12) cells were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation in vitro to construct an anoxia and reoxygenation cell model, and Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice were given carotid artery "ligation-relaxation" in vivo to construct a cerebral ischemic reperfusion mouse model. The protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and downstream inflammatory proteins including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β were detected. Meanwhile, metabonomic detection of overall metabolites of PC-12 cells was performed to screen out the specific changed metabolite affected by lactoferrin at the condition of anoxia and reoxygenation. The results showed that lactoferrin could inhibit the TLR-4-related pathway triggered by anoxia and reoxygenation and ischemic reperfusion. A total of 41 significantly changed metabolites were identified by metabonomic analysis, and glutathione was seen as a metabolite of interest in suppressing TLR-4-related pathway in anoxia and reoxygenation cell models. However, heated lactoferrin lost the ability of attenuating the TLR-4-related pathway. The loss of modulation activity of heated lactoferrin might be due to its protein aggregation, which was evidenced by larger average particle diameter than the unheated lactoferrin. This study is the first to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the modulation activity of lactoferrin in the TLR-4-related pathway in anoxia and reoxygenation cell and cerebral ischemic reperfusion mouse models, and indicate that lactoferrin may serve as a dietary intervention for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Gu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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Abstract
The human genome has been proposed to contribute to interpersonal variability in the way we respond to nutritional intake. However, personalized diets solely based on gene-nutrient interactions have not lived up to their expectations to date. Advances in microbiome research have indicated that a science-based generation of a personalized diet based on a combination of clinical and microbial features may constitute a promising new approach enabling accurate prediction of dietary responses. In addition, scientific advances in our understanding of defined dietary components and their effects on human physiology led to the incorporation and testing of defined diets as preventive and treatment approaches for diseases, such as epilepsy, ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, exciting new studies show that tailored diet regiments have the potential to modulate pharmaceutical treatment efficacy in cancer treatment. Overall, the true therapeutic potential of nutritional interventions is coming to light but is also facing substantial challenges in understanding mechanisms of activity, optimization of dietary interventions for specific human subpopulations, and elucidation of adverse effects potentially stemming from some dietary components in a number of individuals.
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223
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O'Neill B, Raggi P. The ketogenic diet: Pros and cons. Atherosclerosis 2019; 292:119-126. [PMID: 31805451 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diets have been at the center of animated debates for decades and many claims have been made in one direction or the other by supporters of opposite camps, often with limited evidence. At times emphasis has been put on a single new aspect that the previous diets had overlooked and the new one was to embrace in order to improve weight loss and well-being. Unfortunately, very few randomized clinical trials involving diets have addressed the combined question of weight loss and cardiovascular outcomes. The recently introduced ketogenic diet requires a rigorous limitation of carbohydrates while allowing a liberal ingestion of fats (including saturated fats) and has generated a flurry of interest with many taking the pro position and as many taking the cons position. The ketogenic diet causes a rapid and sensible weight loss along with favourable biomarker changes, such as a reduction in serum hemoglobin A1c in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. However, it also causes a substantial rise in low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and many physicians are therefore hesitant to endorse it. In view of the popular uptake of the keto diet even among subjects not in need of weight loss, there is some preoccupation with the potential long-term consequences of a wide embrace of this diet by large segments of the population. On the contrary, numerous lines of evidence show that plant-based diets are associated with reduction in oncological and cardiovascular diseases and a prolonged life span. The debate reproduced in this article took place during a continuous medical education program between two cardiologists with largely differing views on the matter of effectiveness, sustainability, and safety of the ketogenic diet compared to alternative options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair O'Neill
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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224
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Ding M, Li J, Qi L, Ellervik C, Zhang X, Manson JE, Stampfer M, Chavarro JE, Rexrode KM, Kraft P, Chasman D, Willett WC, Hu FB. Associations of dairy intake with risk of mortality in women and men: three prospective cohort studies. BMJ 2019; 367:l6204. [PMID: 31776125 PMCID: PMC6880246 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of consumption of dairy foods with risk of total and cause specific mortality in women and men. DESIGN Three prospective cohort studies with repeated measures of diet and lifestyle factors. SETTING Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, in the United States. PARTICIPANTS 168 153 women and 49 602 men without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Death confirmed by state vital records, the national death index, or reported by families and the postal system. During up to 32 years of follow-up, 51 438 deaths were documented, including 12 143 cardiovascular deaths and 15 120 cancer deaths. Multivariable analysis further adjusted for family history of cardiovascular disease and cancer, physical activity, overall dietary pattern (alternate healthy eating index 2010), total energy intake, smoking status, alcohol consumption, menopausal status (women only), and postmenopausal hormone use (women only). RESULTS Compared to the lowest category of total dairy consumption (average 0.8 servings/day), the multivariate pooled hazard ratio for total mortality was 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.01) for the second category of dairy consumption (average 1.5 servings/day), 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) for the third (average 2.0 servings/day), 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) for the fourth (average 2.8 servings/day), and 1.07 (1.04 to 1.10) for highest category (average 4.2 servings/day; P for trend <0.001). For the highest compared to the lowest category of total dairy consumption, the hazard ratio was 1.02 (0.95 to 1.08) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) for cancer mortality. For subtypes of dairy products, whole milk intake was significantly associated with higher risks of total mortality (hazard ratio per 0.5 additional serving/day 1.11, 1.09 to 1.14), cardiovascular mortality (1.09, 1.03 to 1.15), and cancer mortality (1.11, 1.06 to 1.17). In food substitution analyses, consumption of nuts, legumes, or whole grains instead of dairy foods was associated with a lower mortality, whereas consumption of red and processed meat instead of dairy foods was associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSION These data from large cohorts do not support an inverse association between high amount of total dairy consumption and risk of mortality. The health effects of dairy could depend on the comparison foods used to replace dairy. Slightly higher cancer mortality was non-significantly associated with dairy consumption, but warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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225
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Turgeon SL, Brisson G. Symposium review: The dairy matrix-Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of nutrients and physiological effects. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:6727-6736. [PMID: 31785885 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have linked food structure and texture to different kinetics of nutrients delivery. Changes in some nutrients' release rate, such as proteins and lipids, could induce different physiological effects (e.g., satiety effect, reduction of postprandial lipemia). Recently, experts are proposing to consider the food as a whole instead of looking at specific nutrients, as the combination of food components and the way they are structured could change their physiological effects. This review highlights recent knowledge linking the different levels of structure of dairy products to their digestion, absorption, and physiological effects. Two examples, yogurt and cheese, will be presented to showcase the contributions of dairy food structure to nutrient release rates. One study aimed to validate whether changes in the casein:whey protein ratio or addition of fiber could influence the digestion kinetics of protein and, subsequently, satiety. A static in vitro digestion model has been used on experimental yogurts differing by their casein:whey protein ratio or dietary fiber content. A human trial with healthy men (n = 20) consuming 5 isocaloric and isoproteinemic yogurt snacks before monitoring lunch intake revealed that the yogurt formulation with increased whey protein content significantly reduced subsequent energy intake compared with its control. This result was linked to slower in vitro disintegration rate and soluble protein release for yogurts with increased whey protein, whereas no difference was observed for yogurts with fiber. A second study allowed discrimination between the effects of cheese attributes on lipid release and absorption. Nine commercial cheeses were digested in vitro, and 2 were selected for the in vivo study, in which plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TAG) were followed before and after meal consumption. The in vivo study revealed that cream cheese, but not cheddar, induced a greater increase in TAG concentrations at 2 h than did butter; this difference was linked to their in vitro disintegration. These studies demonstrate that the dairy food matrix per se modulates foods' nutritional properties. Other studies recently published on this topic will also be included, to put in perspective the important role of the dairy food matrix on release of nutrients and their physiological effects, and how this can be compared with other foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie L Turgeon
- Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), University Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), University Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Brisson
- Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA), University Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), University Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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226
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Liu B, Chen R, Zhao M, Zhang X, Wang J, Gao L, Xu J, Wu Q, Ning N. Vaccine confidence in China after the Changsheng vaccine incident: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1564. [PMID: 31771543 PMCID: PMC6880575 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China's achievements in immunization are being threatened by a vaccine crisis. This paper aims to investigate vaccine confidence in China after the Changsheng vaccine incident and attempts to identify the factors contributing to it. METHODS An online cross-sectional investigation was conducted from 1 to 25 September 2018. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed to examine the associations between socio-demographic factors, cognition and attitudes towards the Changsheng vaccine incident and vaccine confidence. RESULTS We included 1115 respondents in the final analysis, and found that approximately 70% (783) of the respondents did not have vaccine confidence. More than half of the respondents (54.53%) were dissatisfied with the government's response measures to the Changsheng vaccine incident. The logistic regression model indicated that vaccine confidence was positively associated with the degree of satisfaction with the government's response measures (OR = 1.621, 95% CI = 1.215-2.163), attitudes towards the risks and benefits of vaccination (OR = 1.501, 95% CI = 1.119-2.013), concerns about vaccine safety (OR = 0.480, 95% CI = 0.317-0.726), and vaccine efficacy (OR = 0.594, 95% CI = 0.394-0.895). CONCLUSIONS A majority of the respondents held negative attitudes towards vaccines after the Changsheng vaccine incident. A coordinated effort is required to restore public confidence in vaccines, especially in China, where a nationwide mandatory immunization policy is implemented. To end dissent towards inoculation, a series of actions is crucial and multiple parties should work together to advance efforts and explore the possibility of establishing an open and transparent regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Managment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Harbin Center for disease control and prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruohui Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Managment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Managment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Managment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Managment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Managment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Managment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ning Ning
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Managment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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227
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Pala V, Sieri S, Chiodini P, Masala G, Palli D, Mattiello A, Panico S, Tumino R, Frasca G, Fasanelli F, Ricceri F, Agnoli C, Grioni S, Krogh V. Associations of dairy product consumption with mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Italy cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1220-1230. [PMID: 31435641 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation of dairy product consumption to health and mortality is controversial. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations of consumption of various dairy products with mortality in the Italian cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Italy study. METHODS Dairy product consumption was assessed by validated semiquantitative FFQs. Multivariable Cox models stratified by center, age, and sex and adjusted for confounders estimated associations of milk (total, full fat, and reduced fat), yogurt, cheese, butter, and dairy calcium consumption with mortality for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all causes. Nonlinearity was tested by restricted cubic spline regression. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 14.9 y, 2468 deaths were identified in 45,009 participants: 59% from cancer and 19% from cardiovascular disease. No significant association of consumption of any dairy product with mortality was found in the fully adjusted models. A 25% reduction in risk of all-cause mortality was found for milk intake from 160 to 120 g/d (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.91) but not for the highest (>200 g/d) category of intake (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.08) compared with nonconsumption. Associations of full-fat and reduced-fat milk consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality were similar to those for milk as a whole. CONCLUSIONS In this Italian cohort characterized by low to average milk consumption, we found no evidence of a dose-response association between milk consumption and mortality and also no association of consumption of other dairy products investigated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Fasanelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CeRMS, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit TO3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy
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228
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Hidayat K, Du X, Shi BM. Milk in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: The potential role of milk proteins. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3187. [PMID: 31111646 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, diabetes mellitus is not only considered a leading cause of mortality and morbidities but has also created a substantial economic burden. There is growing evidence that foods and their components can be implemented in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increased dairy consumption has been linked to a lower risk of T2DM. The protective role of dairy foods in the development of T2DM is thought to be largely attributable to dairy nutrients, one of them being dairy protein. There is considerable evidence that milk proteins increase the postprandial insulin response and lower the postprandial blood glucose response in both healthy subjects and patients with T2DM. The exact mechanisms by which milk proteins lower postprandial glucose levels are yet to established; however, the amino acids and bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins are thought to modify a physiological milieu, which includes delayed gastric emptying and the enhancement of incretin and insulin responses, consequently leading to lower postprandial glucose levels. The present review will focus on providing a clear presentation of the potential implementation of milk proteins as a dietary supplement in the prevention and management of T2DM by summarizing the relevant supporting evidence for this particular topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khemayanto Hidayat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bi-Min Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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229
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Moosmang S, Siltari A, Bolzer MT, Kiechl S, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Development, validation, and application of a fast, simple, and robust SPE-based LC-MS/MS method for quantification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibiting tripeptides Val-Pro-Pro, Ile-Pro-Pro, and Leu-Pro-Pro in yoghurt and other fermented dairy products. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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230
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Jakobsson J. Commentary: Greek Yogurt and 12 Weeks of Exercise Training on Strength, Muscle Thickness and Body Composition in Lean, Untrained, University-Aged Males. Front Nutr 2019; 6:137. [PMID: 31552258 PMCID: PMC6746973 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jakobsson
- Sports Medicine Unit, Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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231
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Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, Himmelfarb CD, Khera A, Lloyd-Jones D, McEvoy JW, Michos ED, Miedema MD, Muñoz D, Smith SC, Virani SS, Williams KA, Yeboah J, Ziaeian B. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:e177-e232. [PMID: 30894318 PMCID: PMC7685565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 981] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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232
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Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, Himmelfarb CD, Khera A, Lloyd-Jones D, McEvoy JW, Michos ED, Miedema MD, Muñoz D, Smith SC, Virani SS, Williams KA, Yeboah J, Ziaeian B. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2019; 140:e596-e646. [PMID: 30879355 PMCID: PMC7734661 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1451] [Impact Index Per Article: 290.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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233
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Pallazola VA, Davis DM, Whelton SP, Cardoso R, Latina JM, Michos ED, Sarkar S, Blumenthal RS, Arnett DK, Stone NJ, Welty FK. A Clinician's Guide to Healthy Eating for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2019; 3:251-267. [PMID: 31485563 PMCID: PMC6713921 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continued advances in health care, the cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rate has plateaued in recent years and appears to be trending upward. Poor diet is a leading cause of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are leading contributors to CVD morbidity and mortality. Although dietary modification is a cornerstone of CVD prevention, implementation in clinical practice is limited by inadequate formal training in nutrition science. In this report, we review the individual components of a heart-healthy diet, evidence-based dietary recommendations, and the impact of diet on CVD risk factor prevention and management. Furthermore, we examine the unique difficulties of dietary counseling in low-socioeconomic-status environments and provide an evidence-based approach to better serve these populations. We utilized PubMed searches in adults with no date restriction with the following search terms: "carbohydrate," "fat," protein," "DASH," "Mediterranean," "plant-based," "vegetarian," "cardiovascular disease," "obesity," "weight loss," "diabetes," "socioeconomic status," and "race." In this review, we demonstrate that patients should focus on implementing a general diet plan that is high in fruits, whole grains, legumes, and nonstarchy vegetables while low in trans-fats, saturated fats, sodium, red meat, refined carbohydrates, and sugar-sweetened beverages. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Mediterranean, and vegetarian diets have the most evidence for CVD prevention. Clinicians should understand the barriers that patients may face in terms of access to healthy dietary choices. Further research is needed to determine the dietary changes that are most economically, socioculturally, and logistically feasible to reduce these barriers. Improvement in diet is a public health priority that can lead to a significant population-level reduction in CVD morbidity and mortality. It is imperative that clinicians understand current dietary practice guidelines and implement evidence-based dietary counseling in those at high risk for CVD.
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Key Words
- ACC, American College of Cardiology
- AHA, American Heart Association
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LCHF, low-carbohydrate high-protein/fat
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MI, myocardial infarction
- PURE, Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology
- RCT, randomized control trial
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SES, socioeconomic status
- SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage
- USDA, US Department of Agriculture
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A. Pallazola
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dorothy M. Davis
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Seamus P. Whelton
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rhanderson Cardoso
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jacqueline M. Latina
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sudipa Sarkar
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Neil J. Stone
- Cardiology Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Francine K. Welty
- Cardiology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Correspondence: Address to Francine K. Welty, MD, PhD, Harvard Medical School, Specialized Center of Clinically Oriented Research in Vascular Injury, Repair, and Remodeling, Preventive Cardiology, Women's Health, Cardiovascular Division, 330 Brookline Ave, SL 423, Boston, MA 02215.
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234
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Astrup A, Geiker NRW, Magkos F. Effects of Full-Fat and Fermented Dairy Products on Cardiometabolic Disease: Food Is More Than the Sum of Its Parts. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:924S-930S. [PMID: 31518411 PMCID: PMC6743821 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current dietary recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fat are largely based on early nutrition studies demonstrating a direct link between dietary saturated fat, elevated blood cholesterol levels, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. As full-fat dairy products are rich in saturated fat, these dietary guidelines recommend consumption of fat-free or low-fat dairy products in place of full-fat dairy. However, dairy products vary greatly in both their nutrient content and their bioactive ingredients, and research increasingly highlights the importance of focusing on whole foods (i.e., the food matrix) as opposed to single nutrients, such as saturated fat. In fact, the weight of evidence from recent large and well-controlled studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of both observational studies and randomized controlled trials indicates that full-fat dairy products, particularly yogurt and cheese, do not exert the detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profile, and blood pressure as previously predicted on the basis of their sodium and saturated fat contents; they do not increase cardiometabolic disease risk and may in fact protect against cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Although more research is warranted to adjust for possible confounding factors and to better understand the mechanisms of action of dairy products on health outcomes, it becomes increasingly clear that the recommendation to restrict dietary saturated fat to reduce risk of cardiometabolic disease is getting outdated. Therefore, the suggestion to restrict or eliminate full-fat dairy from the diet may not be the optimal strategy for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk and should be re-evaluated in light of recent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Campus, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Rica Wium Geiker
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Campus, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg Campus, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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235
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Trans-11 vaccenic acid improves glucose homeostasis in a model of type 2 diabetes by promoting insulin secretion via GPR40. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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236
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Julibert A, Bibiloni MDM, Tur JA. Dietary fat intake and metabolic syndrome in adults: A systematic review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:887-905. [PMID: 31377181 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of coexisting cardiovascular risk factors. The role of specific dietary fats was reemphasized by dietary recommendations. This systematic review aims to assess evidence for the effect of dietary fat intake on MetS occurrence and reversion in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The MEDLINE database was used to search the existing literature. We included observational studies that analyzed dietary fat intake in adults with MetS and clinical trials that compared the effects of different dietary fat diets on MetS and/or its components. Thirty articles were selected (14 observational and 16 clinical trials), and we included information of dietary fat and fatty acids as well as MetS, body mass index, cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes in adults. SFA intake was found to be positively associated with MetS components. Most of the observational reviewed studies found beneficial associations between MUFA and PUFA (including n-3 and n-6 subtypes) intake and MetS components. Clinical trials also supported the benefits of MUFA- or PUFA-enriched diets (including low-fat diets) in reducing MetS. CONCLUSIONS The effects of dietary SFAs on MetS will be influenced by other specific nutrients. Replacement of SFA by MUFA and PUFA has been associated with a decrease in MetS. Dietary recommendations should emphasize on different qualities of fat intake, not only to reduce total fat intake, to obtain health benefits in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Julibert
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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237
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Burgos SA, LaForce S, Zhao X. The role of dairy fat on cardiometabolic health: what is the current state of knowledge? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Burgos
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications Research Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Stefanie LaForce
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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238
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Alothman M, Hogan SA, Hennessy D, Dillon P, Kilcawley KN, O'Donovan M, Tobin J, Fenelon MA, O'Callaghan TF. The "Grass-Fed" Milk Story: Understanding the Impact of Pasture Feeding on the Composition and Quality of Bovine Milk. Foods 2019; 8:E350. [PMID: 31426489 PMCID: PMC6723057 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a highly nutritious food that contains an array of macro and micro components, scientifically proven to be beneficial to human health. While the composition of milk is influenced by a variety of factors, such as genetics, health, lactation stage etc., the animal's diet remains a key mechanism by which its nutrition and processing characteristics can be altered. Pasture feeding has been demonstrated to have a positive impact on the nutrient profile of milk, increasing the content of some beneficial nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vaccenic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), while reducing the levels of Omega-6 fatty acids and palmitic acid. These resultant alterations to the nutritional profile of "Grass-Fed" milk resonate with consumers that desire healthy, "natural", and sustainable dairy products. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of the impact that pasture and non-pasture feeding systems have on bovine milk composition from a nutritional and functional (processability) perspective, highlighting factors that will be of interest to dairy farmers, processors, and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alothman
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sean A Hogan
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Hennessy
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Pat Dillon
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran N Kilcawley
- Department of Food Quality & Sensory Science, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - John Tobin
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark A Fenelon
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom F O'Callaghan
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Center, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
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Chin EL, Huang L, Bouzid YY, Kirschke CP, Durbin-Johnson B, Baldiviez LM, Bonnel EL, Keim NL, Korf I, Stephensen CB, Lemay DG. Association of Lactase Persistence Genotypes (rs4988235) and Ethnicity with Dairy Intake in a Healthy U.S. Population. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1860. [PMID: 31405126 PMCID: PMC6723957 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactase persistence (LP) is a trait in which lactose can be digested throughout adulthood, while lactase non-persistence (LNP) can cause lactose intolerance and influence dairy consumption. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP ID: rs4988235) is often used as a predictor for dairy intake, since it is responsible for LP in people in European descent, and can occur in other ethnic groups. The objective of this study was to determine whether rs4988235 genotypes and ethnicity influence reported dairy consumption in the United States (U.S.). A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and multiple Automated Self-Administered 24-h recalls (ASA24®) were used to measure habitual and recent intake, respectively, of total dairy, cheese, cow's milk, plant-based alternative milk, and yogurt in a multi-ethnic U.S. cohort genotyped for rs4988235. Within Caucasian subjects, LP individuals reported consuming more recent total dairy and habitual total cow's milk intake. For subjects of all ethnicities, LP individuals consumed more cheese (FFQ p = 0.043, ASA24 p = 0.012) and recent total dairy (ASA24 p = 0.005). For both dietary assessments, Caucasians consumed more cheese than all non-Caucasians (FFQ p = 0.036, ASA24 p = 0.002) independent of genotype, as well as more recent intake of yogurt (ASA24 p = 0.042). LP subjects consumed more total cow's milk than LNP, but only when accounting for whether subjects were Caucasian or not (FFQ p = 0.015). Fluid milk and alternative plant-based milk consumption were not associated with genotypes or ethnicity. Our results show that both LP genotype and ethnicity influence the intake of some dairy products in a multi-ethnic U.S. cohort, but the ability of rs4988235 genotypes to predict intake may depend on ethnic background, the specific dairy product, and whether intake is reported on a habitual or recent basis. Therefore, ethnicity and the dietary assessment method should also be considered when determining the suitability of rs4988235 as a proxy for dairy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Chin
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition and Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Liping Huang
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition and Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yasmine Y Bouzid
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition and Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Lacey M Baldiviez
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition and Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ellen L Bonnel
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition and Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition and Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ian Korf
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition and Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition and Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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240
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Rehm CD, Drewnowski A. Replacing Dairy Fat With Polyunsaturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: A Food-Level Modeling Study of Dietary Nutrient Density and Diet Quality Using the 2013-16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Front Nutr 2019; 6:113. [PMID: 31448278 PMCID: PMC6691138 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent dietary guidelines have become more food-based, as opposed to purely nutrient-based. By contrast, assessing the impact of dietary changes on chronic disease risk continues to rely on single-nutrient substitutions. To assess the real-world implications of a nutrient-for-nutrient swap, this study examined dietary nutrient density and healthy diet scores following removal of food sources of dairy fat from diets of 15,260 individuals age ≥4 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013–2016). Those foods were then replaced with foods containing a comparable amount of non-dairy polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The present food-level substitution model was based on 576 diverse eating patterns of US population subgroups. Diet quality measures were the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF 9.3) Index and the 2015-Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015). Removing 5% of dietary energy from dairy fat led to lower levels of multiple micronutrients and to lower NRF 9.3 scores. These deficits were not remedied by the modeled replacements. Although swapping dairy fat for foods containing non-dairy MUFA/PUFA did alter the fatty acid ratios, the resulting food patterns were still significantly lower in some key micronutrients. Nutrient-based dietary guidance is prone to ignore the complexity of food patterns and the recommended dietary change may have unintended nutritional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Rehm
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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The Effects of Dairy Consumption on Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension. Am J Med 2019; 132:e669. [PMID: 31109629 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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242
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Advances in tissue engineering of nanocellulose-based scaffolds: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115144. [PMID: 31472870 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds based on nanocellulose (NC) have crucial applications in tissue engineering (TE) owing to the biocompatibility, water absorption, water retention, optical transparency, and chemo-mechanical properties. In this review, we summarize the scaffolds based on nanocellulose, including nanocrystalline cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose. We compare four representative methods to prepare NC-based scaffolds, containing electrospinning, freeze-drying, 3D printing, and solvent casting. We outline the characteristics of scaffolds obtained by different methods. Our focus is on the applications of NC-based scaffolds to repair, improve or replace damaged tissues and organs, including skin, blood vessel, nerve, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and ophthalmology. NC-based scaffolds are attractive materials for regeneration of different tissues and organs due to the remarkable features. Finally, we propose the challenges and potentials of NC-based TE scaffolds.
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243
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Key TJ, Appleby PN, Bradbury KE, Sweeting M, Wood A, Johansson I, Kühn T, Steur M, Weiderpass E, Wennberg M, Lund Würtz AM, Agudo A, Andersson J, Arriola L, Boeing H, Boer JM, Bonnet F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Cross AJ, Ericson U, Fagherazzi G, Ferrari P, Gunter M, Huerta JM, Katzke V, Khaw KT, Krogh V, La Vecchia C, Matullo G, Moreno-Iribas C, Naska A, Nilsson LM, Olsen A, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Molina-Portillo E, Quirós JR, Skeie G, Sluijs I, Sonestedt E, Stepien M, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Tumino R, Tzoulaki I, van der Schouw YT, Verschuren WM, di Angelantonio E, Langenberg C, Forouhi N, Wareham N, Butterworth A, Riboli E, Danesh J. Consumption of Meat, Fish, Dairy Products, and Eggs and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease. Circulation 2019; 139:2835-2845. [PMID: 31006335 PMCID: PMC6629175 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the relevance of animal foods to the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We examined meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs and risk for IHD in the pan-European EPIC cohort (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition). METHODS In this prospective study of 409 885 men and women in 9 European countries, diet was assessed with validated questionnaires and calibrated with 24-hour recalls. Lipids and blood pressure were measured in a subsample. During a mean of 12.6 years of follow-up, 7198 participants had a myocardial infarction or died of IHD. The relationships of animal foods with risk were examined with Cox regression with adjustment for other animal foods and relevant covariates. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR) for IHD was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.06-1.33) for a 100-g/d increment in intake of red and processed meat, and this remained significant after exclusion of the first 4 years of follow-up (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.09-1.42]). Risk was inversely associated with intakes of yogurt (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89-0.98] per 100-g/d increment), cheese (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.86-0.98] per 30-g/d increment), and eggs (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99] per 20-g/d increment); the associations with yogurt and eggs were attenuated and nonsignificant after exclusion of the first 4 years of follow-up. Risk was not significantly associated with intakes of poultry, fish, or milk. In analyses modeling dietary substitutions, replacement of 100 kcal/d from red and processed meat with 100 kcal/d from fatty fish, yogurt, cheese, or eggs was associated with ≈20% lower risk of IHD. Consumption of red and processed meat was positively associated with serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and systolic blood pressure, and consumption of cheese was inversely associated with serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Risk for IHD was positively associated with consumption of red and processed meat and inversely associated with consumption of yogurt, cheese, and eggs, although the associations with yogurt and eggs may be influenced by reverse causation bias. It is not clear whether the associations with red and processed meat and cheese reflect causality, but they were consistent with the associations of these foods with plasma non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and for red and processed meat with systolic blood pressure, which could mediate such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Key
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (T.J.K., P.N.A., K.E.B.)
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (T.J.K., P.N.A., K.E.B.)
| | - Kathryn E. Bradbury
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (T.J.K., P.N.A., K.E.B.)
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand (K.E.B.)
| | - Michael Sweeting
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| | - Angela Wood
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| | | | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg (T.K., V. Katzke)
| | - Marinka Steur
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom (M. Steur, C.L., N.F., N.W.)
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitetet i Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.W., G.S.)
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo (E.W.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.W.)
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Sweden (M.W.)
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark (A.M.L.W., K.O.)
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology–Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (A.A.)
| | - Jonas Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit Skellefteå, Umeå University, Sweden (J.A.)
| | - Larraitz Arriola
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Instituto BIO–Donostia, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain (L.A.)
- CIBER (Biomedical Research Networking Centres) de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (L.A., J.M.H.)
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke (H.B.)
| | - Jolanda M.A. Boer
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands (J.M.A.B.)
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- CESP, INSERM (Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, Paris, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Rennes University Hospital (CHU), France (F.B.)
- Rennes 1 University, France (F.B.)
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, INSERM (Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, Paris, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C., E.R.)
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (U.E., E.S.)
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- CESP, INSERM (Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, Paris, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (P.F., M.G., M. Stepien)
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (P.F., M.G., M. Stepien)
| | - José María Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria)-Arrixaca, Spain (J.M.H.)
| | - Verena Katzke
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg (T.K., V. Katzke)
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.-T.K.)
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS (Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (V. Krogh)
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (C.L.V., A. Trichopoulou)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (C.L.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin (G.M.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy (G.M.)
| | - Conchi Moreno-Iribas
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA–Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (C.M.-I.)
| | - Androniki Naska
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A.N., A. Trichopoulou)
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.O., A.Tjønneland)
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark (A.M.L.W., K.O.)
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network–ISPRO, Florence, Italy (D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (S.P.)
| | - Elena Molina-Portillo
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Universidad de Granada, Spain (E.M.-P.)
| | - J. Ramón Quirós
- Public Health Directorate of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (J.R.Q.)
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitetet i Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.W., G.S.)
| | - Ivonne Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (I.S., Y.T.v.d.S., W.M.M.V.)
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (U.E., E.S.)
| | - Magdalena Stepien
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (P.F., M.G., M. Stepien)
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.O., A.Tjønneland)
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (C.L.V., A. Trichopoulou)
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A.N., A. Trichopoulou)
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civic-M.p.Arezzo” Hospital, ASP (Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale) Ragusa, Italy (R.T.)
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (I.T.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment (I.T.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece (I.T.)
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (I.S., Y.T.v.d.S., W.M.M.V.)
| | - W.M. Monique Verschuren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (I.S., Y.T.v.d.S., W.M.M.V.)
| | - Emanuele di Angelantonio
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom (M. Steur, C.L., N.F., N.W.)
| | - Nita Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom (M. Steur, C.L., N.F., N.W.)
| | - Nick Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom (M. Steur, C.L., N.F., N.W.)
| | - Adam Butterworth
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C., E.R.)
| | - John Danesh
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
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Kandel S. An Evidence-based Look at the Effects of Diet on Health. Cureus 2019; 11:e4715. [PMID: 31355075 PMCID: PMC6650179 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is a daily activity that has a dramatic impact on health. There is much confusion in society, including among medical professionals, about what constitutes a healthy diet. Many reviews focus on one aspect of healthy dietary practices, but few synthesize this data to form more comprehensive recommendations. This article will critically review and holistically synthesize the data on diet with firm morbidity and mortality endpoints derived from three key, high quality studies, which are further supported with several additional articles. Specific recommendations of types and quantities of food to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke will be provided. The effect of these diets on cancer and mood disorders as covered in the articles reviewed will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Kandel
- Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut, New Britain, USA
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245
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Paul GA, Asher E, Stanton SL, Lev E. A call for academic medicine to remain politically neutral. Lancet 2019; 393:1806. [PMID: 31057169 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon A Paul
- Cardiology Department, Assuta Medical Centre, Ashdod 7747629, Israel.
| | - Elad Asher
- Cardiology Department, Assuta Medical Centre, Ashdod 7747629, Israel
| | | | - Eli Lev
- Cardiology Department, Assuta Medical Centre, Ashdod 7747629, Israel
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Tabung FK, Satija A, Fung TT, Clinton SK, Giovannucci EL. Long-Term Change in both Dietary Insulinemic and Inflammatory Potential Is Associated with Weight Gain in Adult Women and Men. J Nutr 2019; 149:804-815. [PMID: 31004153 PMCID: PMC6499102 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of long-term dietary patterns on weight gain and the underlying potential biological mechanisms are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We prospectively examined the association of changes in 2 empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns (insulinemic and inflammatory) and weight gain over 24 y at 4-y intervals. METHODS We followed 54,397 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 33,043 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010), and computed the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) scores from food frequency questionnaires administered every 4 y. Both scores are weighted sums of 18 food groups, which characterize dietary insulinemic or inflammatory potential based on plasma levels of insulin response or inflammatory biomarkers. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression to examine 4-y changes in the dietary scores and weight change within the same period. RESULTS The mean baseline body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) was 25.4. Compared with participants who made minimal dietary changes (quintile 3) over 6 4-y periods; participants who changed their diets toward lower insulinemic or inflammatory potential (quintile 1) gained significantly less weight (in kilograms per 4 y) independent of total energy intake, BMI, physical activity, and smoking status: EDIH: -0.65 (95% CI: -0.73, -0.57), EDIP: -0.29 (-0.37, -0.21) among women; and EDIH: -0.60 (-0.71, -0.49), EDIP: -0.19 (-0.27, -0.07) among men. In contrast, those who changed their diets toward higher insulinemic or inflammatory potential (quintile 5) gained significantly more weight: EDIH: 0.43 (0.36, 0.51), EDIP: 0.15 (0.07, 0.23) among women; and EDIH: 0.49 (0.38, 0.59), EDIP: 0.22 (0.11, 0.33) among men (P-trend < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Associations were stronger among individuals who were overweight or obese, younger, less physically active, and had never smoked. CONCLUSIONS High dietary insulinemic and inflammatory potential is associated with substantial long-term weight gain in adult men and women independent of total energy intake. Dietary patterns with low insulinemic and inflammatory potential may aid in weight gain prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred K Tabung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to FKT (e-mail: )
| | - Ambika Satija
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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247
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Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Juarez M, Gil A, Martínez-Vizcaino V. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S164-S189. [PMID: 31089735 PMCID: PMC6518146 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products containing milk fat are major food sources of saturated fatty acids, which have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular-related clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Therefore, current recommendations by health authorities advise consumption of low-fat or fat-free milk. Today, these recommendations are seriously questioned by meta-analyses of both prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting inconsistent results. The present study includes an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of follow-up studies, an overview of meta-analyses involving RCTs, and an update on meta-analyses of RCTs (2013-2018) aiming to synthesize the evidence regarding the influence of dairy product consumption on the risk of major cardiovascular-related outcomes and how various doses of different dairy products affect the responses, as well as on selected biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, i.e., blood pressure and blood lipids. The search strategies for both designs were conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases from their inception to April 2018. From the 31 full-text articles retrieved for cohort studies, 17 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled risk ratio estimated for the association between the consumption of different dairy products at different dose-responses and cardiovascular outcomes (CVD, CHD, and stroke) showed a statistically significant negative association with RR values <1, or did not find evidence of significant association. The overview of 12 meta-analyses involving RCTs as well as the updated meta-analyses of RCTs did not result in significant changes on risk biomarkers such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Therefore, the present study states that the consumption of total dairy products, with either regular or low fat content, does not adversely affect the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fontecha
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to JF (e-mail: )
| | - Maria Visitación Calvo
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Juarez
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain,CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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248
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Gil Á, Ortega RM. Introduction and Executive Summary of the Supplement, Role of Milk and Dairy Products in Health and Prevention of Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases: A Series of Systematic Reviews. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S67-S73. [PMID: 31089742 PMCID: PMC6518123 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products contain multiple nutrients and contribute significantly to meet the nutritional requirements for protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, and pantothenic acid. However, consumption of dairy is decreasing and moving away from the advised level in many countries and the potential benefits of milk and dairy products for health have come under question. This, in spite that numerous studies report health benefits associated with dairy consumption. The present supplement aims to assess and summarize scientific evidence regarding the impact of dairy intake on health and all-cause mortality, and on the prevention of diverse chronic diseases, mainly from meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There seem to positive associations between moderate maternal milk intake during pregnancy and infant birth weight, length and bone mineral content during childhood. Moreover, consumption of dairy products in older subjects may reduce the risk of frailty and decrease the risk for sarcopenia. The highest consumption of dairy products did not show a clear association with total osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture risk; however, a diminished risk of vertebral fracture was found. Analysis of the differences between high and low dairy consumption and for dose-response found no association between dairy product consumption and risk of all-cause mortality. Total and low-fat dairy consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing metabolic syndrome and current evidence supports that consumption of dairy does not adversely affect the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and may even have a subtle protective effect. Moreover, evidence has been provided of an inverse association between the consumption of dairy products and ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. Also, the evidence suggests that dairy consumption, particularly low-fat dairy and yogurt is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Likewise, moderate compared with medium consumption of dairy is associated lower risk for colorectal and bladder cancer and has no association with prostate cancer. Finally, consumption of milk or dairy products did not show a proinflammatory effect on healthy subjects, overweight/obese individuals, or individuals with other metabolic abnormalities, and fortification of dairy products with phytosterols and ω-3 fatty acids seems to be a good approach to improve cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. In conclusion, the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the present supplement support adequate milk consumption at various stages of life and in the prevention/control of various noncommunicable chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy; Universtiy of Granada
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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249
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Bridge A, Brown J, Snider H, Nasato M, Ward WE, Roy BD, Josse AR. Greek Yogurt and 12 Weeks of Exercise Training on Strength, Muscle Thickness and Body Composition in Lean, Untrained, University-Aged Males. Front Nutr 2019; 6:55. [PMID: 31114790 PMCID: PMC6503736 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and/or whey protein plus resistance exercise (RT) increase strength and muscle size, and optimize body composition in adult males and females. Greek yogurt (GY) contains similar muscle-supporting nutrients as milk yet it is different in several ways including being a semi-solid food, containing bacterial cultures and having a higher protein content (mostly casein) per serving. GY has yet to be investigated in the context of a RT program. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of GY consumption plus RT on strength, muscle thickness and body composition in lean, untrained, university-aged males. Thirty untrained, university-aged (20.6 ± 2.2 years) males were randomized to 2 groups (n = 15/group): fat-free, plain GY or a Placebo Pudding (PP; isoenergetic carbohydrate-based pudding) and underwent a combined RT/plyometric training program 3 days/week for 12 weeks. They consumed either GY (20 g protein/dose) or PP (0 g protein/dose) daily, 3 times on training days and 2 times on non-training days. After 12 weeks, both groups significantly increased strength, muscle thickness and fat-free mass (FFM) (p < 0.05). The GY group gained more total strength (GY; 98 ± 37 kg, PP; 57 ± 15 kg), more biceps brachii muscular thickness (GY; 0.46 ± 0.3 cm, PP; 0.12 ± 0.2 cm), more FFM (GY; 2.4 ± 1.5 kg, PP; 1.3 ± 1.3 kg), and reduced % body fat (GY; −1.1 ± 2.2%, PP; 0.1 ± 2.6%) than PP group (p < 0.05 expressed as absolute change). Thus, consumption of GY during a training program resulted in improved strength, muscle thickness and body composition over a carbohydrate-based placebo. Given the results of our study, the general benefits of consuming GY and its distinctiveness from milk, GY can be a plausible, post-exercise, nutrient-rich alternative for positive strength, muscle, and body composition adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bridge
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Hayden Snider
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Nasato
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Brian D Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea R Josse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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250
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Abstract
Statin drugs reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular risk. Ezetimibe may be used to supplement statin therapy, or used alone in cases of statin intolerance. Statin-associated side effects do occur, especially muscle symptoms and new onset diabetes, but they do not detract from the benefits of statin therapy. Inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce LDL-C and cardiovascular risk. Evolocumab is subsidised in Australia for patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia when LDL-C is not adequately controlled with maximum doses of statin or ezetimibe or when statin therapy is contraindicated. Fenofibrate reduces triglycerides and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes when triglycerides are elevated and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is low. A role for dietary omega-3 fatty acids and esters in reducing cardiovascular risk remains controversial. All cases of secondary cardiovascular disease prevention merit intensive lipid therapy, unless a contraindication exists. Lipid therapy is justified in cases of primary prevention when absolute risk is high, especially when lipids are highly elevated or when multiple risk factors are present. Clinical management requires a focus on the predominant lipid disorder present, namely hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia or combined hyperlipidaemia. There is an ongoing problem of poor long term persistence on lipid therapy, as well as reduced awareness by practitioners of poor risk factor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Simons
- UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW.,St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW
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