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Nagata C, Miwa C, Tanaka N, Kato M, Suito M, Tsuchihira A, Sato Y, Segami S, Maeshima M. A novel-type phosphatidylinositol phosphate-interactive, Ca-binding protein PCaP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana: stable association with plasma membrane and partial involvement in stomata closure. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:539-50. [PMID: 26979064 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-binding protein-1 (PCaP1) of Arabidopsis thaliana is a new type protein that binds to phosphatidylinositol phosphates and Ca(2+)-calmodulin complex as well as free Ca(2+). Although biochemical properties, such as binding to ligands and N-myristoylation, have been revealed, the intracellular localization, tissue and cell specificity, integrity of membrane association and physiological roles of PCaP1 are unknown. We investigated the tissue and intracellular distribution of PCaP1 by using transgenic lines expressing PCaP1 linked with a green fluorescence protein (GFP) at the carboxyl terminus of PCaP1. GFP fluorescence was obviously detected in most tissues including root, stem, leaf and flower. In these tissues, PCaP1-GFP signal was observed predominantly in the plasma membrane even under physiological stress conditions but not in other organelles. The fluorescence was detected in the cytosol when the 25-residue N-terminal sequence was deleted from PCaP1 indicating essential contribution of N-myristoylation to the plasma membrane anchoring. Fluorescence intensity of PCaP1-GFP in roots was slightly decreased in seedlings grown in medium supplemented with high concentrations of iron for 1 week and increased in those grown with copper. In stomatal guard cells, PCaP1-GFP was strictly, specifically localized to the plasma membrane at the epidermal-cell side but not at the pore side. A T-DNA insertion mutant line of PCaP1 did not show marked phenotype in a life cycle except for well growth under high CO2 conditions. However, stomata of the mutant line did not close entirely even in high osmolarity, which usually induces stomata closure. These results suggest that PCaP1 is involved in the stomatal movement, especially closure process, in leaves and response to excessive copper in root and leaf as a mineral nutrient as a physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisako Nagata
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chika Miwa
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mariko Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Momoe Suito
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ayako Tsuchihira
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yori Sato
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shoji Segami
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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202
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Nguyen CT, Agorio A, Jossier M, Depré S, Thomine S, Filleur S. Characterization of the Chloride Channel-Like, AtCLCg, Involved in Chloride Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:764-75. [PMID: 26556649 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, anion channels and transporters are essential for key functions such as nutrition, ion homeostasis and resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses. We characterized AtCLCg, a member of the chloride channel (CLC) family in Arabidopsis localized in the vacuolar membrane. When grown on NaCl or KCl, atclcg knock-out mutants showed a decrease in biomass. In the presence of NaCl, these mutants overaccumulate chloride in shoots. No difference in growth was detected in response to osmotic stress by mannitol. These results suggest a physiological function of AtCLCg in the chloride homeostasis during NaCl stress. AtCLCg shares a high degree of identity (62%) with AtCLCc, another vacuolar CLC essential for NaCl tolerance. However, the atclcc atclccg double mutant is not more sensitive to NaCl than single mutants. As the effects of both mutations are not additive, gene expression analyses were performed and revealed that: (i)AtCLCg is expressed in mesophyll cells, hydathodes and phloem while AtCLCc is expressed in stomata; and (ii)AtCLCg is repressed in the atclcc mutant background, and vice versa. Altogether these results demonstrate that both AtCLCc and AtCLCg are important for tolerance to excess chloride but not redundant, and form part of a regulatory network controlling chloride sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Tam Nguyen
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Astrid Agorio
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylvain Depré
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Filleur
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, UFR Sciences du Vivant, 35 rue Hélène Brion, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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203
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GOLDEN 2-LIKE transcription factors for chloroplast development affect ozone tolerance through the regulation of stomatal movement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4218-23. [PMID: 27035938 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513093113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomatal movements regulate gas exchange, thus directly affecting the efficiency of photosynthesis and the sensitivity of plants to air pollutants such as ozone. The GARP family transcription factors GOLDEN 2-LIKE1 (GLK1) and GLK2 have known functions in chloroplast development. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) plants expressing the chimeric repressors for GLK1 and -2 (GLK1/2-SRDX) exhibited a closed-stomata phenotype and strong tolerance to ozone. By contrast, plants that overexpress GLK1/2 exhibited an open-stomata phenotype and higher sensitivity to ozone. The plants expressing GLK1-SRDX had reduced expression of the genes for inwardly rectifying K(+) (K(+) in) channels and reduced K(+) in channel activity. Abscisic acid treatment did not affect the stomatal phenotype of 35S:GLK1/2-SRDX plants or the transcriptional activity for K(+) in channel gene, indicating that GLK1/2 act independently of abscisic acid signaling. Our results indicate that GLK1/2 positively regulate the expression of genes for K(+) in channels and promote stomatal opening. Because the chimeric GLK1-SRDX repressor driven by a guard cell-specific promoter induced a closed-stomata phenotype without affecting chloroplast development in mesophyll cells, modulating GLK1/2 activity may provide an effective tool to control stomatal movements and thus to confer resistance to air pollutants.
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204
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Monda K, Araki H, Kuhara S, Ishigaki G, Akashi R, Negi J, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Takahashi S, Hashimoto-Sugimoto M, Goto N, Iba K. Enhanced Stomatal Conductance by a Spontaneous Arabidopsis Tetraploid, Me-0, Results from Increased Stomatal Size and Greater Stomatal Aperture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1435-44. [PMID: 26754665 PMCID: PMC4775119 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rate of gas exchange in plants is regulated mainly by stomatal size and density. Generally, higher densities of smaller stomata are advantageous for gas exchange; however, it is unclear what the effect of an extraordinary change in stomatal size might have on a plant's gas-exchange capacity. We investigated the stomatal responses to CO2 concentration changes among 374 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes and discovered that Mechtshausen (Me-0), a natural tetraploid ecotype, has significantly larger stomata and can achieve a high stomatal conductance. We surmised that the cause of the increased stomatal conductance is tetraploidization; however, the stomatal conductance of another tetraploid accession, tetraploid Columbia (Col), was not as high as that in Me-0. One difference between these two accessions was the size of their stomatal apertures. Analyses of abscisic acid sensitivity, ion balance, and gene expression profiles suggested that physiological or genetic factors restrict the stomatal opening in tetraploid Col but not in Me-0. Our results show that Me-0 overcomes the handicap of stomatal opening that is typical for tetraploids and achieves higher stomatal conductance compared with the closely related tetraploid Col on account of larger stomatal apertures. This study provides evidence for whether larger stomatal size in tetraploids of higher plants can improve stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keina Monda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Hiromitsu Araki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Satoru Kuhara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Genki Ishigaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Ryo Akashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Mimi Hashimoto-Sugimoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Nobuharu Goto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan (K.M., J.N., S.T., M.H.-S., K.I.);Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan (H.A., S.K);Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan (G.I., R.A.);RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan (M.K., H.S.); andRIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan (N.G.)
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205
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Sun SJ, Qi GN, Gao QF, Wang HQ, Yao FY, Hussain J, Wang YF. Protein kinase OsSAPK8 functions as an essential activator of S-type anion channel OsSLAC1, which is nitrate-selective in rice. PLANTA 2016; 243:489-500. [PMID: 26481009 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OsSAPK8 is an essential activator of OsSLAC1 by phosphorylation, and OsSLAC1 is a nitrate-selective anion channel. S-type anion channel AtSLAC1 and protein kinase AtOST1 have been well-characterized as two core components of ABA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis guard cells, and AtOST1 functions as a main upstream activator of AtSLAC1 for drought stress- and ABA-induced stomata closure. However, the identity of the ortholog of AtOST1 in rice, the main activator of OsSLAC1, is still unknown. Here, we report that protein kinase OsSAPK8 interacts with and activates OsSLAC1 mainly by phosphorylating serine 129 (S129) of OsSLAC1, and this phosphorylating site corresponds to the specific phosphorylating site serine 120 (S120) of AtSLAC1 for AtOST1. Additionally, we found that OsSLAC1 is a nitrate-selective anion channel without obvious permeability to chloride, malate, and sulfate, and the expression of OsSLAC1 in Arabidopsis slac1-3 (atslac1-3) mutant successfully rescued the hypersensitive phenotype of this mutant to drought stress. Together, this research suggests that OsSAPK8 is a counterpart of AtOST1 for the activation of OsSLAC1, which is a nitrate-selective anion channel.
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206
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Franco-Navarro JD, Brumós J, Rosales MA, Cubero-Font P, Talón M, Colmenero-Flores JM. Chloride regulates leaf cell size and water relations in tobacco plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:873-91. [PMID: 26602947 PMCID: PMC4737079 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl(-)) is a micronutrient that accumulates to macronutrient levels since it is normally available in nature and actively taken up by higher plants. Besides a role as an unspecific cell osmoticum, no clear biological roles have been explicitly associated with Cl(-) when accumulated to macronutrient concentrations. To address this question, the glycophyte tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Habana) has been treated with a basal nutrient solution supplemented with one of three salt combinations containing the same cationic balance: Cl(-)-based (CL), nitrate-based (N), and sulphate+phosphate-based (SP) treatments. Under non-saline conditions (up to 5 mM Cl(-)) and no water limitation, Cl(-) specifically stimulated higher leaf cell size and led to a moderate increase of plant fresh and dry biomass mainly due to higher shoot expansion. When applied in the 1-5 mM range, Cl(-) played specific roles in regulating leaf osmotic potential and turgor, allowing plants to improve leaf water balance parameters. In addition, Cl(-) also altered water relations at the whole-plant level through reduction of plant transpiration. This was a consequence of a lower stomatal conductance, which resulted in lower water loss and greater photosynthetic and integrated water-use efficiency. In contrast to Cl(-), these effects were not observed for essential anionic macronutrients such as nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate. We propose that the abundant uptake and accumulation of Cl(-) responds to adaptive functions improving water homeostasis in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Franco-Navarro
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Brumós
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Genómica, Ctra Moncada-Náquera Km 4.6, 46113-Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rosales
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paloma Cubero-Font
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Talón
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro de Genómica, Ctra Moncada-Náquera Km 4.6, 46113-Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Colmenero-Flores
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
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207
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Damiani I, Drain A, Guichard M, Balzergue S, Boscari A, Boyer JC, Brunaud V, Cottaz S, Rancurel C, Da Rocha M, Fizames C, Fort S, Gaillard I, Maillol V, Danchin EGJ, Rouached H, Samain E, Su YH, Thouin J, Touraine B, Puppo A, Frachisse JM, Pauly N, Sentenac H. Nod Factor Effects on Root Hair-Specific Transcriptome of Medicago truncatula: Focus on Plasma Membrane Transport Systems and Reactive Oxygen Species Networks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:794. [PMID: 27375649 PMCID: PMC4894911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are involved in water and nutrient uptake, and thereby in plant autotrophy. In legumes, they also play a crucial role in establishment of rhizobial symbiosis. To obtain a holistic view of Medicago truncatula genes expressed in root hairs and of their regulation during the first hours of the engagement in rhizobial symbiotic interaction, a high throughput RNA sequencing on isolated root hairs from roots challenged or not with lipochitooligosaccharides Nod factors (NF) for 4 or 20 h was carried out. This provided a repertoire of genes displaying expression in root hairs, responding or not to NF, and specific or not to legumes. In analyzing the transcriptome dataset, special attention was paid to pumps, transporters, or channels active at the plasma membrane, to other proteins likely to play a role in nutrient ion uptake, NF electrical and calcium signaling, control of the redox status or the dynamic reprogramming of root hair transcriptome induced by NF treatment, and to the identification of papilionoid legume-specific genes expressed in root hairs. About 10% of the root hair expressed genes were significantly up- or down-regulated by NF treatment, suggesting their involvement in remodeling plant functions to allow establishment of the symbiotic relationship. For instance, NF-induced changes in expression of genes encoding plasma membrane transport systems or disease response proteins indicate that root hairs reduce their involvement in nutrient ion absorption and adapt their immune system in order to engage in the symbiotic interaction. It also appears that the redox status of root hair cells is tuned in response to NF perception. In addition, 1176 genes that could be considered as "papilionoid legume-specific" were identified in the M. truncatula root hair transcriptome, from which 141 were found to possess an ortholog in every of the six legume genomes that we considered, suggesting their involvement in essential functions specific to legumes. This transcriptome provides a valuable resource to investigate root hair biology in legumes and the roles that these cells play in rhizobial symbiosis establishment. These results could also contribute to the long-term objective of transferring this symbiotic capacity to non-legume plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Damiani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Alice Drain
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Marjorie Guichard
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-SaclayGif sur Yvette, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France
- POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Paris DiderotOrsay, France
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Boyer
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-SaclayOrsay, France
- POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Paris DiderotOrsay, France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAVGrenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CERMAVGrenoble, France
| | - Corinne Rancurel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Martine Da Rocha
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Cécile Fizames
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAVGrenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CERMAVGrenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Vincent Maillol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAVGrenoble, France
- Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier and Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Etienne G. J. Danchin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Eric Samain
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CERMAVGrenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CERMAVGrenoble, France
| | - Yan-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Julien Thouin
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Bruno Touraine
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueMontpellier, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-Marie Frachisse
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-SaclayGif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Pauly
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Nice Sophia AntipolisSophia Antipolis, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Pauly
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/386 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/SupAgro Montpellier/Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueMontpellier, France
- Hervé Sentenac
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208
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Ye W, Murata Y. Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern Signaling in Guard Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:583. [PMID: 27200056 PMCID: PMC4855242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, formed by pairs of guard cells in the epidermis of terrestrial plants, regulate gas exchange, thus playing a critical role in plant growth and stress responses. As natural openings, stomata are exploited by microbes as an entry route. Recent studies reveal that plants close stomata upon guard cell perception of molecular signatures from microbes, microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), to prevent microbe invasion. The perception of MAMPs induces signal transduction including recruitment of second messengers, such as Ca(2+) and H2O2, phosphorylation events, and change of transporter activity, leading to stomatal movement. In the present review, we summarize recent findings in signaling underlying MAMP-induced stomatal movement by comparing with other signalings.
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209
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Engineer CB, Hashimoto-Sugimoto M, Negi J, Israelsson-Nordström M, Azoulay-Shemer T, Rappel WJ, Iba K, Schroeder JI. CO2 Sensing and CO2 Regulation of Stomatal Conductance: Advances and Open Questions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:16-30. [PMID: 26482956 PMCID: PMC4707055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells form epidermal stomatal gas-exchange valves in plants and regulate the aperture of stomatal pores in response to changes in the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration ([CO2]) in leaves. Moreover, the development of stomata is repressed by elevated CO2 in diverse plant species. Evidence suggests that plants can sense [CO2] changes via guard cells and via mesophyll tissues in mediating stomatal movements. We review new discoveries and open questions on mechanisms mediating CO2-regulated stomatal movements and CO2 modulation of stomatal development, which together function in the CO2 regulation of stomatal conductance and gas exchange in plants. Research in this area is timely in light of the necessity of selecting and developing crop cultivars that perform better in a shifting climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cawas B Engineer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Food & Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Mimi Hashimoto-Sugimoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Maria Israelsson-Nordström
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Food & Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Food & Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Food & Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
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210
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Noguero M, Lacombe B. Transporters Involved in Root Nitrate Uptake and Sensing by Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1391. [PMID: 27708653 PMCID: PMC5030233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most plants use nitrate (NO3-) as their major nitrogen (N) source. The NO3- uptake capacity of a plant is determined by three interdependent factors that are sensitive to NO3- availability: (i) the functional properties of the transporters in roots that contribute to the acquisition of NO3- from the external medium, (ii) the density of functional transporters at the plasma membrane of root cells, and (iii) the surface and architecture of the root system. The identification of factors that regulate the NO3--sensing systems is important for both fundamental and applied science, because these factors control the capacity of plants to use the available NO3-, a process known as the "nitrate use efficiency." The molecular component of the transporters involved in uptake and sensing mechanism in Arabidopsis roots are presented and their relative contribution discussed.
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211
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Xu Z, Jiang Y, Jia B, Zhou G. Elevated-CO2 Response of Stomata and Its Dependence on Environmental Factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016. [PMID: 27242858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.20116.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stomata control the flow of gases between plants and the atmosphere. This review is centered on stomatal responses to elevated CO2 concentration and considers other key environmental factors and underlying mechanisms at multiple levels. First, an outline of general responses in stomatal conductance under elevated CO2 is presented. Second, stomatal density response, its development, and the trade-off with leaf growth under elevated CO2 conditions are depicted. Third, the molecular mechanism regulating guard cell movement at elevated CO2 is suggested. Finally, the interactive effects of elevated CO2 with other factors critical to stomatal behavior are reviewed. It may be useful to better understand how stomata respond to elevated CO2 levels while considering other key environmental factors and mechanisms, including molecular mechanism, biochemical processes, and ecophysiological regulation. This understanding may provide profound new insights into how plants cope with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Bingrui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing, China
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212
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Fan X, Wu J, Chen T, Tie W, Chen H, Zhou F, Lin Y. Loss-of-function mutation of rice SLAC7 decreases chloroplast stability and induces a photoprotection mechanism in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:1063-77. [PMID: 25739330 PMCID: PMC5029597 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants absorb sunlight to power the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis, which can potentially damage the photosynthetic machinery. However, the mechanism that protects chloroplasts from the damage remains unclear. In this work, we demonstrated that rice (Oryza sativa L.) SLAC7 is a generally expressed membrane protein. Loss-of-function of SLAC7 caused continuous damage to the chloroplasts of mutant leaves under normal light conditions. Ion leakage indicators related to leaf damage such as H2 O2 and abscisic acid levels were significantly higher in slac7-1 than in the wild type. Consistently, the photosynthesis efficiency and Fv/Fm ratio of slac7-1 were significantly decreased (similar to photoinhibition). In response to chloroplast damage, slac7-1 altered its leaf morphology (curled or fused leaf) by the synergy between plant hormones and transcriptional factors to decrease the absorption of light, suggesting that a photoprotection mechanism for chloroplast damage was activated in slac7-1. When grown in dark conditions, slac7-1 displayed a normal phenotype. SLAC7 under the control of the AtSLAC1 promoter could partially complement the phenotypes of Arabidopsis slac1 mutants, indicating a partial conservation of SLAC protein functions. These results suggest that SLAC7 is essential for maintaining the chloroplast stability in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiemin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taiyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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213
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Munemasa S, Hauser F, Park J, Waadt R, Brandt B, Schroeder JI. Mechanisms of abscisic acid-mediated control of stomatal aperture. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 28:154-62. [PMID: 26599955 PMCID: PMC4679528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress triggers an increase in the level of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), which initiates a signaling cascade to close stomata and reduce water loss. Recent studies have revealed that guard cells control cytosolic ABA concentration through the concerted actions of biosynthesis, catabolism as well as transport across membranes. Substantial progress has been made at understanding the molecular mechanisms of how the ABA signaling core module controls the activity of anion channels and thereby stomatal aperture. In this review, we focus on our current mechanistic understanding of ABA signaling in guard cells including the role of the second messenger Ca(2+) as well as crosstalk with biotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan
| | - Felix Hauser
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Rainer Waadt
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brandt
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department for Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.
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214
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Daloso DM, Antunes WC, Pinheiro DP, Waquim JP, Araújo WL, Loureiro ME, Fernie AR, Williams TCR. Tobacco guard cells fix CO2 by both Rubisco and PEPcase while sucrose acts as a substrate during light-induced stomatal opening. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2353-71. [PMID: 25871738 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic and proteomic studies have improved our knowledge of guard cell function; however, metabolic changes in guard cells remain relatively poorly understood. Here we analysed metabolic changes in guard cell-enriched epidermal fragments from tobacco during light-induced stomatal opening. Increases in sucrose, glucose and fructose were observed during light-induced stomatal opening in the presence of sucrose in the medium while no changes in starch were observed, suggesting that the elevated fructose and glucose levels were a consequence of sucrose rather than starch breakdown. Conversely, reduction in sucrose was observed during light- plus potassium-induced stomatal opening. Concomitant with the decrease in sucrose, we observed an increase in the level as well as in the (13) C enrichment in metabolites of, or associated with, the tricarboxylic acid cycle following incubation of the guard cell-enriched preparations in (13) C-labelled bicarbonate. Collectively, the results obtained support the hypothesis that sucrose is catabolized within guard cells in order to provide carbon skeletons for organic acid production. Furthermore, they provide a qualitative demonstration that CO2 fixation occurs both via ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPcase). The combined data are discussed with respect to current models of guard cell metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M Daloso
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Werner C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Pinheiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jardel P Waquim
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Thomas C R Williams
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
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215
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Chater C, Peng K, Movahedi M, Dunn JA, Walker HJ, Liang YK, McLachlan DH, Casson S, Isner JC, Wilson I, Neill SJ, Hedrich R, Gray JE, Hetherington AM. Elevated CO2-Induced Responses in Stomata Require ABA and ABA Signaling. Curr Biol 2015. [PMID: 26455301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.013,10.1016/j.fcr.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An integral part of global environment change is an increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) [1]. Increased [CO2] reduces leaf stomatal apertures and density of stomata that plays out as reductions in evapotranspiration [2-4]. Surprisingly, given the importance of transpiration to the control of terrestrial water fluxes [5] and plant nutrient acquisition [6], we know comparatively little about the molecular components involved in the intracellular signaling pathways by which [CO2] controls stomatal development and function [7]. Here, we report that elevated [CO2]-induced closure and reductions in stomatal density require the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby adding a new common element to these signaling pathways. We also show that the PYR/RCAR family of ABA receptors [8, 9] and ABA itself are required in both responses. Using genetic approaches, we show that ABA in guard cells or their precursors is sufficient to mediate the [CO2]-induced stomatal density response. Taken together, our results suggest that stomatal responses to increased [CO2] operate through the intermediacy of ABA. In the case of [CO2]-induced reductions in stomatal aperture, this occurs by accessing the guard cell ABA signaling pathway. In both [CO2]-mediated responses, our data are consistent with a mechanism in which ABA increases the sensitivity of the system to [CO2] but could also be explained by requirement for a CO2-induced increase in ABA biosynthesis specifically in the guard cell lineage. Furthermore, the dependency of stomatal [CO2] signaling on ABA suggests that the ABA pathway is, in evolutionary terms, likely to be ancestral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Chater
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kai Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mahsa Movahedi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jessica A Dunn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Heather J Walker
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Deirdre H McLachlan
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Stuart Casson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jean Charles Isner
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Steven J Neill
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julie E Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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216
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Chater C, Peng K, Movahedi M, Dunn JA, Walker HJ, Liang YK, McLachlan DH, Casson S, Isner JC, Wilson I, Neill SJ, Hedrich R, Gray JE, Hetherington AM. Elevated CO2-Induced Responses in Stomata Require ABA and ABA Signaling. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2709-16. [PMID: 26455301 PMCID: PMC4612465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
An integral part of global environment change is an increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2 ([CO2]) [1]. Increased [CO2] reduces leaf stomatal apertures and density of stomata that plays out as reductions in evapotranspiration [2–4]. Surprisingly, given the importance of transpiration to the control of terrestrial water fluxes [5] and plant nutrient acquisition [6], we know comparatively little about the molecular components involved in the intracellular signaling pathways by which [CO2] controls stomatal development and function [7]. Here, we report that elevated [CO2]-induced closure and reductions in stomatal density require the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby adding a new common element to these signaling pathways. We also show that the PYR/RCAR family of ABA receptors [8, 9] and ABA itself are required in both responses. Using genetic approaches, we show that ABA in guard cells or their precursors is sufficient to mediate the [CO2]-induced stomatal density response. Taken together, our results suggest that stomatal responses to increased [CO2] operate through the intermediacy of ABA. In the case of [CO2]-induced reductions in stomatal aperture, this occurs by accessing the guard cell ABA signaling pathway. In both [CO2]-mediated responses, our data are consistent with a mechanism in which ABA increases the sensitivity of the system to [CO2] but could also be explained by requirement for a CO2-induced increase in ABA biosynthesis specifically in the guard cell lineage. Furthermore, the dependency of stomatal [CO2] signaling on ABA suggests that the ABA pathway is, in evolutionary terms, likely to be ancestral. CO2-induced stomatal closure and density reduction require reactive oxygen species CO2-induced stomatal closure and density reduction require ABA and ABA receptors Guard cell/precursor ABA is sufficient to mediate closure and density reduction Stomatal CO2 responses operating via ABA explains overlap between these pathways
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Chater
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kai Peng
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mahsa Movahedi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jessica A Dunn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Heather J Walker
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Deirdre H McLachlan
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Stuart Casson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jean Charles Isner
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Steven J Neill
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julie E Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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217
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Córdoba J, Molina-Cano JL, Pérez P, Morcuende R, Moralejo M, Savé R, Martínez-Carrasco R. Photosynthesis-dependent/independent control of stomatal responses to CO2 in mutant barley with surplus electron transport capacity and reduced SLAH3 anion channel transcript. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:15-25. [PMID: 26398787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of stomatal sensitivity to CO2 are yet to be fully understood. The role of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic factors in stomatal responses to CO2 was investigated in wild-type barley (Hordeum vulgare var. Graphic) and in a mutant (G132) with decreased photochemical and Rubisco capacities. The CO2 and DCMU responses of stomatal conductance (gs), gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and levels of ATP, with a putative transcript for stomatal opening were analysed. G132 had greater gs than the wild-type, despite lower photosynthesis rates and higher intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci). The mutant had Rubisco-limited photosynthesis at very high CO2 levels, and higher ATP contents than the wild-type. Stomatal sensitivity to CO2 under red light was lower in G132 than in the wild-type, both in photosynthesizing and DCMU-inhibited leaves. Under constant Ci and red light, stomatal sensitivity to DCMU inhibition was higher in G132. The levels of a SLAH3-like slow anion channel transcript, involved in stomatal closure, decreased sharply in G132. The results suggest that stomatal responses to CO2 depend partly on the balance of photosynthetic electron transport to carbon assimilation capacities, but are partially regulated by the CO2 signalling network. High gs can improve the adaptation to climate change in well-watered conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Córdoba
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas, 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology), Field Crops, Av. Alcalde Rovira i Roure, 191, E-25198 Lérida, Spain
| | - José-Luis Molina-Cano
- IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology), Field Crops, Av. Alcalde Rovira i Roure, 191, E-25198 Lérida, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas, 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas, 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marian Moralejo
- Universidad de Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira i Roure, 191, E-25198 Lérida, Spain
| | - Robert Savé
- IRTA, Environmental Horticulture, Torre Marimon, E-08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas, 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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218
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Shi K, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang G, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Xia X, Chen Z, Yu J. Guard cell hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide mediate elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:342-53. [PMID: 26308648 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change as a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 influences plant photosynthesis and transpiration. Although the involvement of stomata in plant responses to elevated CO2 has been well established, the underlying mechanism of elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement remains largely unknown. We used diverse techniques, including laser scanning confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, biochemical methodologies and gene silencing to investigate the signaling pathway for elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Elevated CO2 -induced stomatal closure was dependent on the production of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE 1 (RBOH1)-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells in an abscisic acid (ABA)-independent manner. Silencing of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) compromised the elevated CO2 -induced accumulation of H2 O2 and NO, upregulation of SLOW ANION CHANNEL ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) gene expression and reduction of stomatal aperture, whereas silencing of RBOH1 or NR had no effects on the expression of OST1. Our results demonstrate that as critical signaling molecules, RBOH1-dependent H2 O2 and NR-dependent NO act downstream of OST1 that regulate SLAC1 expression and elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement. This information is crucial to deepen the understanding of CO2 signaling pathway in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guanqun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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219
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Guzel Deger A, Scherzer S, Nuhkat M, Kedzierska J, Kollist H, Brosché M, Unyayar S, Boudsocq M, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Guard cell SLAC1-type anion channels mediate flagellin-induced stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:162-73. [PMID: 25932909 PMCID: PMC4949714 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During infection plants recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), and this leads to stomatal closure. This study analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying this MAMP response and its interrelation with ABA signaling. Stomata in intact Arabidopsis thaliana plants were stimulated with the bacterial MAMP flg22, or the stress hormone ABA, by using the noninvasive nanoinfusion technique. Intracellular double-barreled microelectrodes were applied to measure the activity of plasma membrane ion channels. Flg22 induced rapid stomatal closure and stimulated the SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels in guard cells. Loss of both channels resulted in cells that lacked flg22-induced anion channel activity and stomata that did not close in response to flg22 or ABA. Rapid flg22-dependent stomatal closure was impaired in plants that were flagellin receptor (FLS2)-deficient, as well as in the ost1-2 (Open Stomata 1) mutant, which lacks a key ABA-signaling protein kinase. By contrast, stomata of the ABA protein phosphatase mutant abi1-1 (ABscisic acid Insensitive 1) remained flg22-responsive. These data suggest that the initial steps in flg22 and ABA signaling are different, but that the pathways merge at the level of OST1 and lead to activation of SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysin Guzel Deger
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082WürzburgGermany
- Faculty of Science and LettersDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Mersin33343MersinTurkey
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082WürzburgGermany
| | - Maris Nuhkat
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
| | - Justyna Kedzierska
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082WürzburgGermany
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
- Division of Plant BiologyDepartment of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO box 65FI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Serpil Unyayar
- Faculty of Science and LettersDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Mersin33343MersinTurkey
| | - Marie Boudsocq
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐SaclayUMR9213/UMR1403 CNRS‐INRA‐Université Paris Sud‐Université Evry Val d'Essonne‐Université Paris DiderotSaclay Plant SciencesBat 630, rue Noetzlin91405OrsayFrance
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082WürzburgGermany
| | - M. Rob G. Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082WürzburgGermany
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220
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Maurino VG, Engqvist MKM. 2-Hydroxy Acids in Plant Metabolism. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2015; 13:e0182. [PMID: 26380567 PMCID: PMC4568905 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycolate, malate, lactate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate are important 2-hydroxy acids (2HA) in plant metabolism. Most of them can be found as D- and L-stereoisomers. These 2HA play an integral role in plant primary metabolism, where they are involved in fundamental pathways such as photorespiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, methylglyoxal pathway, and lysine catabolism. Recent molecular studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have helped elucidate the participation of these 2HA in in plant metabolism and physiology. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about the metabolic pathways and cellular processes in which they are involved, focusing on the proteins that participate in their metabolism and cellular/intracellular transport in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica G. Maurino
- institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin K. M. Engqvist
- institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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221
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Khokon MAR, Salam MA, Jammes F, Ye W, Hossain MA, Uraji M, Nakamura Y, Mori IC, Kwak JM, Murata Y. Two guard cell mitogen-activated protein kinases, MPK9 and MPK12, function in methyl jasmonate-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:946-52. [PMID: 25703019 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling cascades share several signalling components in guard cells. We previously showed that two guard cell-preferential mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), MPK9 and MPK12, positively regulate ABA signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we examined whether these two MAP kinases function in MeJA signalling using genetic mutants for MPK9 and MPK12 combined with a pharmacological approach. MeJA induced stomatal closure in mpk9-1 and mpk12-1 single mutants as well as wild-type plants, but not in mpk9-1 mpk12-1 double mutants. Consistently, the MAPKK inhibitor PD98059 inhibited the MeJA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type plants. MeJA elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytosolic alkalisation in guard cells of the mpk9-1, mpk12-1 and mpk9-1 mpk12-1 mutants, as well in wild-type plants. Furthermore, MeJA triggered elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt ) in the mpk9-1 mpk12-1 double mutant as well as wild-type plants. Activation of S-type anion channels by MeJA was impaired in mpk9-1 mpk12-1. Together, these results indicate that MPK9 and MPK12 function upstream of S-type anion channel activation and downstream of ROS production, cytosolic alkalisation and [Ca(2+)]cyt elevation in guard cell MeJA signalling, suggesting that MPK9 and MPK12 are key regulators mediating both ABA and MeJA signalling in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md A R Khokon
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - M A Salam
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - F Jammes
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - W Ye
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - M A Hossain
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Uraji
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - I C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - J M Kwak
- Department of New Biology, Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Kyungbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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222
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Azoulay-Shemer T, Palomares A, Bagheri A, Israelsson-Nordstrom M, Engineer CB, Bargmann BO, Stephan AB, Schroeder JI. Guard cell photosynthesis is critical for stomatal turgor production, yet does not directly mediate CO2 - and ABA-induced stomatal closing. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:567-81. [PMID: 26096271 PMCID: PMC4532624 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stomata mediate gas exchange between the inter-cellular spaces of leaves and the atmosphere. CO2 levels in leaves (Ci) are determined by respiration, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and atmospheric [CO2 ]. [CO2 ] in leaves mediates stomatal movements. The role of guard cell photosynthesis in stomatal conductance responses is a matter of debate, and genetic approaches are needed. We have generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants that are chlorophyll-deficient in guard cells only, expressing a constitutively active chlorophyllase in a guard cell specific enhancer trap line. Our data show that more than 90% of guard cells were chlorophyll-deficient. Interestingly, approximately 45% of stomata had an unusual, previously not-described, morphology of thin-shaped chlorophyll-less stomata. Nevertheless, stomatal size, stomatal index, plant morphology, and whole-leaf photosynthetic parameters (PSII, qP, qN, FV '/FM' ) were comparable with wild-type plants. Time-resolved intact leaf gas-exchange analyses showed a reduction in stomatal conductance and CO2 -assimilation rates of the transgenic plants. Normalization of CO2 responses showed that stomata of transgenic plants respond to [CO2 ] shifts. Detailed stomatal aperture measurements of normal kidney-shaped stomata, which lack chlorophyll, showed stomatal closing responses to [CO2 ] elevation and abscisic acid (ABA), while thin-shaped stomata were continuously closed. Our present findings show that stomatal movement responses to [CO2 ] and ABA are functional in guard cells that lack chlorophyll. These data suggest that guard cell CO2 and ABA signal transduction are not directly modulated by guard cell photosynthesis/electron transport. Moreover, the finding that chlorophyll-less stomata cause a 'deflated' thin-shaped phenotype, suggests that photosynthesis in guard cells is critical for energization and guard cell turgor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Axxell Palomares
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Andish Bagheri
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Maria Israelsson-Nordstrom
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cawas B. Engineer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Bastiaan O.R. Bargmann
- Biology Department, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Aaron B. Stephan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
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223
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Brandt B, Munemasa S, Wang C, Nguyen D, Yong T, Yang PG, Poretsky E, Belknap TF, Waadt R, Alemán F, Schroeder JI. Calcium specificity signaling mechanisms in abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis guard cells. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26192964 PMCID: PMC4507714 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A central question is how specificity in cellular responses to the eukaryotic second messenger Ca(2+) is achieved. Plant guard cells, that form stomatal pores for gas exchange, provide a powerful system for in depth investigation of Ca(2+)-signaling specificity in plants. In intact guard cells, abscisic acid (ABA) enhances (primes) the Ca(2+)-sensitivity of downstream signaling events that result in activation of S-type anion channels during stomatal closure, providing a specificity mechanism in Ca(2+)-signaling. However, the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show impairment of ABA signal transduction in stomata of calcium-dependent protein kinase quadruple mutant plants. Interestingly, protein phosphatase 2Cs prevent non-specific Ca(2+)-signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate an unexpected interdependence of the Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent ABA-signaling branches and the in planta requirement of simultaneous phosphorylation at two key phosphorylation sites in SLAC1. We identify novel mechanisms ensuring specificity and robustness within stomatal Ca(2+)-signaling on a cellular, genetic, and biochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brandt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Cun Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Desiree Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Taiming Yong
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Paul G Yang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Elly Poretsky
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Thomas F Belknap
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Fernando Alemán
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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224
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Lim CW, Baek W, Jung J, Kim JH, Lee SC. Function of ABA in Stomatal Defense against Biotic and Drought Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15251-70. [PMID: 26154766 PMCID: PMC4519898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants synthesize ABA in various organs and initiate defense mechanisms, such as the regulation of stomatal aperture and expression of defense-related genes conferring resistance to environmental stresses. The regulation of stomatal opening and closure is important to pathogen defense and control of transpirational water loss. Recent studies using a combination of approaches, including genetics, physiology, and molecular biology, have contributed considerably to our understanding of ABA signal transduction. A number of proteins associated with ABA signaling and responses—especially ABA receptors—have been identified. ABA signal transduction initiates signal perception by ABA receptors and transfer via downstream proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases. In the present review, we focus on the function of ABA in stomatal defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, through analysis of each ABA signal component and the relationships of these components in the complex network of interactions. In particular, two ABA signal pathway models in response to biotic and abiotic stress were proposed, from stress signaling to stomatal closure, involving the pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL) or regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR) family proteins, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2-type protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jangho Jung
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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225
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Lim CW, Baek W, Jung J, Kim JH, Lee SC. Function of ABA in Stomatal Defense against Biotic and Drought Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15251-15270. [PMID: 26154766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16071525111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants synthesize ABA in various organs and initiate defense mechanisms, such as the regulation of stomatal aperture and expression of defense-related genes conferring resistance to environmental stresses. The regulation of stomatal opening and closure is important to pathogen defense and control of transpirational water loss. Recent studies using a combination of approaches, including genetics, physiology, and molecular biology, have contributed considerably to our understanding of ABA signal transduction. A number of proteins associated with ABA signaling and responses--especially ABA receptors--have been identified. ABA signal transduction initiates signal perception by ABA receptors and transfer via downstream proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases. In the present review, we focus on the function of ABA in stomatal defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, through analysis of each ABA signal component and the relationships of these components in the complex network of interactions. In particular, two ABA signal pathway models in response to biotic and abiotic stress were proposed, from stress signaling to stomatal closure, involving the pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL) or regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR) family proteins, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2-type protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jangho Jung
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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226
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Vilela B, Nájar E, Lumbreras V, Leung J, Pagès M. Casein Kinase 2 Negatively Regulates Abscisic Acid-Activated SnRK2s in the Core Abscisic Acid-Signaling Module. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:709-21. [PMID: 25744360 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
SnRK2 kinases, PP2C phosphatases and the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors constitute the core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling module that is thought to contain all of the intrinsic properties to self-regulate the hormone signal output. Here we identify Casein Kinase (CK)2 as a novel negative regulator of SnRK2. CK2 phosphorylates a cluster of conserved serines at the ABA box of SnRK2, increasing its binding to PP2C and triggering protein degradation. Consequently, CK2 action has implications on SnRK2 protein levels, as well as kinase activity and its response to abiotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belmiro Vilela
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Nájar
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Lumbreras
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeffrey Leung
- ISV - Institut de Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, bat 23, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Montserrat Pagès
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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227
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Zheng X, He K, Kleist T, Chen F, Luan S. Anion channel SLAH3 functions in nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:474-86. [PMID: 24944085 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Slow anion channels (SLAC/SLAH) are efflux channels previously shown to be critical for stomatal regulation. However, detailed analysis using the β-glucuronidase reporter gene showed that members of the SLAC/SLAH gene family are predominantly expressed in roots, in addition to stomatal guard cells, implicating distinct function(s) of SLAC/SLAH in the roots. Comprehensive mutant analyses of all slac/slah mutants indicated that slah3 plants showed a greater growth defect than wild-type plants when ammonium was supplied as the sole nitrogen source. Ammonium toxicity was mimicked by acidic pH in nitrogen-free external medium, suggesting that medium acidification by ammonium-fed plants may underlie ammonium toxicity. Interestingly, such toxicity was more severe in slah3 mutants and, particularly in wild-type plants, was alleviated by supplementing the media with micromolar levels of nitrate. These data thus provide evidence that SLAH3, a nitrate efflux channel, plays a role in nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 73072, USA; NJU-NJFU Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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228
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Takahashi S, Monda K, Negi J, Konishi F, Ishikawa S, Hashimoto-Sugimoto M, Goto N, Iba K. Natural variation in stomatal responses to environmental changes among Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117449. [PMID: 25706630 PMCID: PMC4338149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomata are small pores surrounded by guard cells that regulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Guard cells integrate multiple environmental signals and control the aperture width to ensure appropriate stomatal function for plant survival. Leaf temperature can be used as an indirect indicator of stomatal conductance to environmental signals. In this study, leaf thermal imaging of 374 Arabidopsis ecotypes was performed to assess their stomatal responses to changes in environmental CO2 concentrations. We identified three ecotypes, Köln (Kl-4), Gabelstein (Ga-0), and Chisdra (Chi-1), that have particularly low responsiveness to changes in CO2 concentrations. We next investigated stomatal responses to other environmental signals in these selected ecotypes, with Col-0 as the reference. The stomatal responses to light were also reduced in the three selected ecotypes when compared with Col-0. In contrast, their stomatal responses to changes in humidity were similar to those of Col-0. Of note, the responses to abscisic acid, a plant hormone involved in the adaptation of plants to reduced water availability, were not entirely consistent with the responses to humidity. This study demonstrates that the stomatal responses to CO2 and light share closely associated signaling mechanisms that are not generally correlated with humidity signaling pathways in these ecotypes. The results might reflect differences between ecotypes in intrinsic response mechanisms to environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keina Monda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Konishi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ishikawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Nobuharu Goto
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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229
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Vainonen JP, Kangasjärvi J. Plant signalling in acute ozone exposure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:240-52. [PMID: 24417414 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of plants to high ozone concentrations causes lesion formation in sensitive plants. Plant responses to ozone involve fast and massive changes in protein activities, gene expression and metabolism even before any tissue damage can be detected. Degradation of ozone and subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the extracellular space activates several signalling cascades, which are integrated inside the cell into a fine-balanced network of ROS signalling. Reversible protein phosphorylation and degradation plays an important role in the regulation of signalling mechanisms in a complex crosstalk with plant hormones and calcium, an essential second messenger. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of ozone uptake, perception and signalling pathways activated during the early steps of ozone response, and discuss the use of ozone as a tool to study the function of apoplastic ROS in signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Vainonen
- Plant Biology Division, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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230
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Costa JM, Monnet F, Jannaud D, Leonhardt N, Ksas B, Reiter IM, Pantin F, Genty B. Open All Night Long: the dark side of stomatal control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:289-94. [PMID: 25527716 PMCID: PMC4326751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.253369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of Arabidopsis mutants that maintain stomata open all night long credits the existence of dedicated regulators for stomatal closure in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miguel Costa
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.),Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), andUniversité Aix-Marseille (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.); andCentro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (J.M.C.)
| | - Fabien Monnet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.),Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), andUniversité Aix-Marseille (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.); andCentro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (J.M.C.)
| | - Dorothée Jannaud
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.),Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), andUniversité Aix-Marseille (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.); andCentro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (J.M.C.)
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.),Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), andUniversité Aix-Marseille (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.); andCentro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (J.M.C.)
| | - Brigitte Ksas
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.),Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), andUniversité Aix-Marseille (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.); andCentro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (J.M.C.)
| | - Ilja M Reiter
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.),Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), andUniversité Aix-Marseille (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.); andCentro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (J.M.C.)
| | - Florent Pantin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.),Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), andUniversité Aix-Marseille (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.); andCentro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (J.M.C.)
| | - Bernard Genty
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.),Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), andUniversité Aix-Marseille (J.M.C., F.M., D.J., N.L., B.K., I.M.R., F.P., B.G.), Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.); andCentro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal (J.M.C.)
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231
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Tian W, Hou C, Ren Z, Pan Y, Jia J, Zhang H, Bai F, Zhang P, Zhu H, He Y, Luo S, Li L, Luan S. A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6057. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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232
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Murata Y, Mori IC, Munemasa S. Diverse stomatal signaling and the signal integration mechanism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:369-92. [PMID: 25665132 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells perceive a variety of chemicals produced metabolically in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, integrate the signals into reactive oxygen species and calcium signatures, and convert these signatures into stomatal movements by regulating turgor pressure. Guard cell behaviors in response to such complex signals are critical for plant growth and sustenance in stressful, ever-changing environments. The key open question is how guard cells achieve the signal integration to optimize stomatal aperture. Abscisic acid is responsible for stomatal closure in plants in response to drought, and its signal transduction has been well studied. Other plant hormones and low-molecular-weight compounds function as inducers of stomatal closure and mediators of signaling in guard cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the diverse stomatal signaling pathways, with specific emphasis on signal integration and signal interaction in guard cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; ,
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233
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Xu M, Gruber BD, Delhaize E, White RG, James RA, You J, Yang Z, Ryan PR. The barley anion channel, HvALMT1, has multiple roles in guard cell physiology and grain metabolism. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:183-93. [PMID: 24853664 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The barley (Hordeum vulgare) gene HvALMT1 encodes an anion channel in guard cells and in certain root tissues indicating that it may perform multiple roles. The protein localizes to the plasma membrane and facilitates malate efflux from cells when constitutively expressed in barley plants and Xenopus oocytes. This study investigated the function of HvALMT1 further by identifying its tissue-specific expression and by generating and characterizing RNAi lines with reduced HvALMT1 expression. We show that transgenic plants with 18-30% of wild-type HvALMT1 expression had impaired guard cell function. They maintained higher stomatal conductance in low light intensity and lost water more rapidly from excised leaves than the null segregant control plants. Tissue-specific expression of HvALMT1 was investigated in developing grain and during germination using transgenic barley lines expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the HvALMT1 promoter. We found that HvALMT1 is expressed in the nucellar projection, the aleurone layer and the scutellum of developing barley grain. Malate release measured from isolated aleurone layers prepared from imbibed grain was significantly lower in the RNAi barley plants compared with control plants. These data provide molecular and physiological evidence that HvALMT1 functions in guard cells, in grain development and during germination. We propose that HvALMT1 releases malate and perhaps other anions from guard cells to promote stomatal closure. The likely roles of HvALMT1 during seed development and grain germination are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyun Xu
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
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234
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Cotelle V, Leonhardt N. 14-3-3 Proteins in Guard Cell Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1210. [PMID: 26858725 PMCID: PMC4729941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are specialized cells located at the leaf surface delimiting pores which control gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. To optimize the CO2 uptake necessary for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss, guard cells integrate environmental signals to adjust stomatal aperture. The size of the stomatal pore is regulated by movements of the guard cells driven by variations in their volume and turgor. As guard cells perceive and transduce a wide array of environmental cues, they provide an ideal system to elucidate early events of plant signaling. Reversible protein phosphorylation events are known to play a crucial role in the regulation of stomatal movements. However, in some cases, phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to achieve complete protein regulation, but is necessary to mediate the binding of interactors that modulate protein function. Among the phosphopeptide-binding proteins, the 14-3-3 proteins are the best characterized in plants. The 14-3-3s are found as multiple isoforms in eukaryotes and have been shown to be involved in the regulation of stomatal movements. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about 14-3-3 roles in the regulation of their binding partners in guard cells: receptors, ion pumps, channels, protein kinases, and some of their substrates. Regulation of these targets by 14-3-3 proteins is discussed and related to their function in guard cells during stomatal movements in response to abiotic or biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSCastanet-Tolosan, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie Cotelle,
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CNRS–CEA–Université Aix-MarseilleSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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235
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Li X, Sun Z, Shao S, Zhang S, Ahammed GJ, Zhang G, Jiang Y, Zhou J, Xia X, Zhou Y, Yu J, Shi K. Tomato-Pseudomonas syringae interactions under elevated CO₂ concentration: the role of stomata. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:307-16. [PMID: 25336683 PMCID: PMC4265165 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations ([CO₂]) in agricultural and natural ecosystems is known to reduce plant stomatal opening, but it is unclear whether these CO₂-induced stomatal alterations are associated with foliar pathogen infections. In this study, tomato plants were grown under ambient and elevated [CO₂] and inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000, a strain that is virulent on tomato plants. We found that elevated [CO₂] enhanced tomato defence against P. syringae. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that stomatal aperture of elevated [CO₂] plants was considerably smaller than their ambient counterparts, which affected the behaviour of P. syringae bacteria on the upper surface of epidermal peels. Pharmacological experiments revealed that nitric oxide (NO) played a role in elevated [CO₂]-induced stomatal closure. Silencing key genes involved in NO generation and stomatal closing, nitrate reductase (NR) and guard cell slow-type anion channel 1 (SLAC1), blocked elevated [CO₂]-induced stomatal closure and resulted in significant increases in P. syringae infection. However, the SLAC1-silenced plants, but not the NR-silenced plants, still had significantly higher defence under elevated [CO₂] compared with plants treated with ambient [CO₂]. Similar results were obtained when the stomata-limiting factor for P. syringae entry was excluded by syringe infiltration inoculation. These results indicate that elevated [CO₂] induces defence against P. syringae in tomato plants, not only by reducing the stomata-mediated entry of P. syringae but also by invoking a stomata-independent pathway to counteract P. syringae. This information is valuable for designing proper strategies against bacterial pathogens under changing agricultural and natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China Tea Research Insititute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zenghui Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujun Shao
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guanqun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuping Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China Zhuanghang Experimental Station, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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236
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Kostopoulou Z, Therios I, Roumeliotis E, Kanellis AK, Molassiotis A. Melatonin combined with ascorbic acid provides salt adaptation in Citrus aurantium L. seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 86:155-165. [PMID: 25500452 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) and melatonin (Mel) are known molecules participating in stress resistance, however, their combined role in counteracting the impact of salinity in plants is still unknown. In this work the effect of exogenous application of 0.50 mΜ AsA, 1 μΜ Mel and their combination (AsA + Mel) on various stress responses in leaves and roots of Citrus aurantium L. seedlings grown under 100 mΜ NaCl for 30 days was investigated. Application of AsA, Mel or AsA + Mel to saline solution decreased NaCl-induced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation and prevented NaCl-associated toxicity symptoms and pigments degradation. Also, leaves exposed to combined AsA + Mel treatment displayed lower Cl(-) accumulation. Treatments with AsA and/or Mel modulated differently carbohydrates, proline, phenols, glutathione and the total antioxidant power of tissues as well as the activities of SOD, APX, POD, GR and PPO compared to NaCl alone treatment. Exposure of leaves and roots to chemical treatments and especially to combined AsA and Mel application was able to regulate CaMIPS, CaSLAH1 and CaMYB73 expression, indicating that sugar metabolism, ion homeostasis and transcription regulation were triggered by AsA and Mel. These results provide evidence that the activation of the metabolic pathways associated with combined AsA and Mel application are linked with salt adaptation in citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharoula Kostopoulou
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Therios
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstathios Roumeliotis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos K Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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237
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Zhang XL, Jiang L, Xin Q, Liu Y, Tan JX, Chen ZZ. Structural basis and functions of abscisic acid receptors PYLs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:88. [PMID: 25745428 PMCID: PMC4333806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in many developmental processes and responses to adaptive stresses in plants. Recently, a new family of nucleocytoplasmic PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) has been identified as bona fide ABA receptors. PYLs together with protein phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs), Snf1 (Sucrose-non-fermentation 1)-related kinases subfamily 2 (SnRK2s) and downstream substrates constitute the core ABA signaling network. Generally, PP2Cs inactivate SnRK2s kinases by physical interaction and direct dephosphorylation. Upon ABA binding, PYLs change their conformations and then contact and inhibit PP2Cs, thus activating SnRK2s. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in research regarding the structures of the core signaling pathways of ABA, including the (+)-ABA, (-)-ABA and ABA analogs pyrabactin as well as 6AS perception by PYLs, SnRK2s mimicking PYLs in binding PP2Cs. PYLs inhibited PP2Cs in both the presence and absence of ABA and activated SnRK2s. The present review elucidates multiple ABA signal perception and transduction by PYLs, which might shed light on how to design small chemical compounds for improving plant performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing L. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xing L. Zhang, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China e-mail:
| | - Lun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qi Xin
- National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jian X. Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeZhanjiang, China
| | - Zhong Z. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Zhong Z. Chen, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China e-mail:
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238
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Reddy MM, Ulaganathan K. Nitrogen Nutrition, Its Regulation and Biotechnological Approaches to Improve Crop Productivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.618275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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239
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Cotelle V, Leonhardt N. 14-3-3 Proteins in Guard Cell Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 26858725 DOI: 10.3389/fpis.2015.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are specialized cells located at the leaf surface delimiting pores which control gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. To optimize the CO2 uptake necessary for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss, guard cells integrate environmental signals to adjust stomatal aperture. The size of the stomatal pore is regulated by movements of the guard cells driven by variations in their volume and turgor. As guard cells perceive and transduce a wide array of environmental cues, they provide an ideal system to elucidate early events of plant signaling. Reversible protein phosphorylation events are known to play a crucial role in the regulation of stomatal movements. However, in some cases, phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to achieve complete protein regulation, but is necessary to mediate the binding of interactors that modulate protein function. Among the phosphopeptide-binding proteins, the 14-3-3 proteins are the best characterized in plants. The 14-3-3s are found as multiple isoforms in eukaryotes and have been shown to be involved in the regulation of stomatal movements. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about 14-3-3 roles in the regulation of their binding partners in guard cells: receptors, ion pumps, channels, protein kinases, and some of their substrates. Regulation of these targets by 14-3-3 proteins is discussed and related to their function in guard cells during stomatal movements in response to abiotic or biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CNRS-CEA-Université Aix-Marseille Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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240
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Imai H, Noda Y, Tamaoki M. Alteration of Arabidopsis SLAC1 promoter and its association with natural variation in drought tolerance. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e989761. [PMID: 25695335 PMCID: PMC4623007 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.989761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural variation for drought tolerance is a major issue in adaptation and geographic distribution of terrestrial plants. Despite the importance, little is known about the genes and molecular mechanisms that determine its naturally occurring diversity. We analyzed the intraspecific drought tolerance variation between 2 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia (Col)-0 and Wassilewskija (Ws)-2. Measurement of weight loss in detached seedlings demonstrated a clear difference between drought-tolerant Col-0 and drought-sensitive Ws-2. They also differed in their stomatal response under drought condition. Using a quantitative genetic approach, we found a significant quantitative locus on chromosome 1. Surveying in the locus, we extrapolated that the SLAC1 gene, which is associated with stomatal closure, was likely responsible for the difference of drought tolerance. Comparison of their nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that there were few differences in regions encoding SLAC1 protein but was a large deletion in SLAC1 promoter of Ws-2. Histochemical GUS staining showed that the SLAC1 expressed dominantly in guard cells of Col-0, but did less in guard cells of Ws-2. Quantitative PCR analysis also showed that transcript level of SLAC1 in guard cells was higher in Col-0 than in Ws-2. The SLAC1 transcription analyses indicate low accumulation of SLAC1 in guard cells of Ws-2. When taken together, our results suggest that the low drought tolerance of Ws-2 was associated with the deletion of the promoter region of Ws-2 SLAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Imai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennohdai; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusaku Noda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennohdai; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanori Tamaoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tennohdai; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Onogawa; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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241
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Liu X, Mak M, Babla M, Wang F, Chen G, Veljanoski F, Wang G, Shabala S, Zhou M, Chen ZH. Linking stomatal traits and expression of slow anion channel genes HvSLAH1 and HvSLAC1 with grain yield for increasing salinity tolerance in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:634. [PMID: 25505473 PMCID: PMC4243495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an environmental and agricultural problem in many parts of the world. One of the keys to breeding barley for adaptation to salinity lies in a better understanding of the genetic control of stomatal regulation. We have employed a range of physiological (stomata assay, gas exchange, phylogenetic analysis, QTL analysis), and molecular techniques (RT-PCR and qPCR) to investigate stomatal behavior and genotypic variation in barley cultivars and a genetic population in four experimental trials. A set of relatively efficient and reliable methods were developed for the characterization of stomatal behavior of a large number of varieties and genetic lines. Furthermore, we found a large genetic variation of gas exchange and stomatal traits in barley in response to salinity stress. Salt-tolerant cultivar CM72 showed significantly larger stomatal aperture under 200 mM NaCl treatment than that of salt-sensitive cultivar Gairdner. Stomatal traits such as aperture width/length were found to significantly correlate with grain yield under salt treatment. Phenotypic characterization and QTL analysis of a segregating double haploid population of the CM72/Gairdner resulted in the identification of significant stomatal traits-related QTLs for salt tolerance. Moreover, expression analysis of the slow anion channel genes HvSLAH1 and HvSLAC1 demonstrated that their up-regulation is linked to higher barley grain yield in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Science and Health, University of Western SydneyPenrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science and Health, University of Western SydneyPenrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Babla
- School of Science and Health, University of Western SydneyPenrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Filip Veljanoski
- School of Science and Health, University of Western SydneyPenrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, University of Western SydneyPenrith, NSW, Australia
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242
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Henderson SW, Baumann U, Blackmore DH, Walker AR, Walker RR, Gilliham M. Shoot chloride exclusion and salt tolerance in grapevine is associated with differential ion transporter expression in roots. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:273. [PMID: 25344057 PMCID: PMC4220414 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt tolerance in grapevine is associated with chloride (Cl-) exclusion from shoots; the rate-limiting step being the passage of Cl- between the root symplast and xylem apoplast. Despite an understanding of the physiological mechanism of Cl- exclusion in grapevine, the molecular identity of membrane proteins that control this process have remained elusive. To elucidate candidate genes likely to control Cl- exclusion, we compared the root transcriptomes of three Vitis spp. with contrasting shoot Cl- exclusion capacities using a custom microarray. RESULTS When challenged with 50 mM Cl-, transcriptional changes of genotypes 140 Ruggeri (shoot Cl- excluding rootstock), K51-40 (shoot Cl- including rootstock) and Cabernet Sauvignon (intermediate shoot Cl- excluder) differed. The magnitude of salt-induced transcriptional changes in roots correlated with the amount of Cl- accumulated in shoots. Abiotic-stress responsive transcripts (e.g. heat shock proteins) were induced in 140 Ruggeri, respiratory transcripts were repressed in Cabernet Sauvignon, and the expression of hypersensitive response and ROS scavenging transcripts was altered in K51-40. Despite these differences, no obvious Cl- transporters were identified. However, under control conditions where differences in shoot Cl- exclusion between rootstocks were still significant, genes encoding putative ion channels SLAH3, ALMT1 and putative kinases SnRK2.6 and CPKs were differentially expressed between rootstocks, as were members of the NRT1 (NAXT1 and NRT1.4), and CLC families. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that transcriptional events contributing to the Cl- exclusion mechanism in grapevine are not stress-inducible, but constitutively different between contrasting varieties. We have identified individual genes from large families known to have members with roles in anion transport in other plants, as likely candidates for controlling anion homeostasis and Cl- exclusion in Vitis species. We propose these genes as priority candidates for functional characterisation to determine their role in chloride transport in grapevine and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam W Henderson
- />Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064 Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- />Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, South Australia, 5064 Australia
| | - Deidre H Blackmore
- />CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 350, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Amanda R Walker
- />CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 350, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Rob R Walker
- />CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 350, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- />Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064 Australia
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243
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McLachlan DH, Kopischke M, Robatzek S. Gate control: guard cell regulation by microbial stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:1049-1063. [PMID: 25040778 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants rely on stomata, small pores in the leaf surface, for photosynthetic gas exchange and transpiration of water. The stomata, formed by a pair of guard cells, dynamically increase and decrease their volume to control the pore size in response to environmental cues. Stresses can trigger similar or opposing movements: for example, drought induces closure of stomata, whereas many pathogens exploit stomata and cause them to open to facilitate entry into plant tissues. The latter is an active process as stomatal closure is part of the plant's immune response. Stomatal research has contributed much to clarify the signalling pathways of abiotic stress, but guard cell signalling in response to microbes is a relatively new area of research. In this article, we discuss present knowledge of stomatal regulation in response to microbes and highlight common points of convergence, and differences, compared to stomatal regulation by abiotic stresses. We also expand on the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate these processes to promote disease, for example by delivering effectors to inhibit closure or trigger opening of stomata. The study of pathogen effectors in stomatal manipulation will aid our understanding of guard cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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244
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Khanna R, Li J, Tseng TS, Schroeder JI, Ehrhardt DW, Briggs WR. COP1 jointly modulates cytoskeletal processes and electrophysiological responses required for stomatal closure. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1441-1454. [PMID: 25151660 PMCID: PMC4153439 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reorganization of the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for guard cell function. Here, we investigate how environmental and hormonal signals cause these rearrangements and find that COP1, a RING-finger-type ubiquitin E3 ligase, is required for degradation of tubulin, likely by the 26S proteasome. This degradation is required for stomatal closing. In addition to regulating the cytoskeleton, we show that cop1 mutation impaired the activity of S-type anion channels, which are critical for stomatal closure. Thus, COP1 is revealed as a potential coordinator of cytoskeletal and electrophysiological activities required for guard cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Khanna
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Junlin Li
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA; Present address: College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tong-Seung Tseng
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - David W Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Winslow R Briggs
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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245
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Wege S, De Angeli A, Droillard MJ, Kroniewicz L, Merlot S, Cornu D, Gambale F, Martinoia E, Barbier-Brygoo H, Thomine S, Leonhardt N, Filleur S. Phosphorylation of the vacuolar anion exchanger AtCLCa is required for the stomatal response to abscisic acid. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra65. [PMID: 25005229 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic anion/proton exchangers of the CLC (chloride channel) family mediate anion fluxes across intracellular membranes. The Arabidopsis thaliana anion/proton exchanger AtCLCa is involved in vacuolar accumulation of nitrate. We investigated the role of AtCLCa in leaf guard cells, a specialized plant epidermal cell that controls gas exchange and water loss through pores called stomata. We showed that AtCLCa not only fulfilled the expected role of accumulating anions in the vacuole during stomatal opening but also mediated anion release during stomatal closure in response to the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). We found that this dual role resulted from a phosphorylation-dependent change in the activity of AtCLCa. The protein kinase OST1 (also known as SnRK2.6) is a key signaling player and central regulator in guard cells in response to ABA. Phosphorylation of Thr(38) in the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of AtCLCa by OST1 increased the outward anion fluxes across the vacuolar membrane, which are essential for stomatal closure. We provide evidence that bidirectional activities of an intracellular CLC exchanger are physiologically relevant and that phosphorylation regulates the transport mode of this exchanger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wege
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alexis De Angeli
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France. Istituto di Biofisica, C.N.R., Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy. Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Jo Droillard
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Laetitia Kroniewicz
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bât. 156, 13108 St Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sylvain Merlot
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - David Cornu
- CNRS-FRC5115, Centre de Recherche de Gif, Imagif, Bât. 21, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Franco Gambale
- Istituto di Biofisica, C.N.R., Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Barbier-Brygoo
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille II, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Cadarache Bât. 156, 13108 St Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sophie Filleur
- CNRS-UPR 2355, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Saclay Plant Sciences Labex, Bât. 22, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France. Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, U.F.R. Sciences du Vivant, 35 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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246
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Tomiyama M, Inoue SI, Tsuzuki T, Soda M, Morimoto S, Okigaki Y, Ohishi T, Mochizuki N, Takahashi K, Kinoshita T. Mg-chelatase I subunit 1 and Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase affect the stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:553-63. [PMID: 24840863 PMCID: PMC4683165 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of stomatal opening and closure, we performed a genetic screen using infrared thermography to isolate stomatal aperture mutants. We identified a mutant designated low temperature with open-stomata 1 (lost1), which exhibited reduced leaf temperature, wider stomatal aperture, and a pale green phenotype. Map-based analysis of the LOST1 locus revealed that the lost1 mutant resulted from a missense mutation in the Mg-chelatase I subunit 1 (CHLI1) gene, which encodes a subunit of the Mg-chelatase complex involved in chlorophyll synthesis. Transformation of the wild-type CHLI1 gene into lost1 complemented all lost1 phenotypes. Stomata in lost1 exhibited a partial ABA-insensitive phenotype similar to that of rtl1, a Mg-chelatase H subunit missense mutant. The Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (CHLM) gene encodes a subsequent enzyme in the chlorophyll synthesis pathway. We examined stomatal movement in a CHLM knockdown mutant, chlm, and found that it also exhibited an ABA-insensitive phenotype. However, lost1 and chlm seedlings all showed normal expression of ABA-induced genes, such as RAB18 and RD29B, in response to ABA. These results suggest that the chlorophyll synthesis enzymes, Mg-chelatase complex and CHLM, specifically affect ABA signaling in the control of stomatal aperture and have no effect on ABA-induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Tomiyama
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Inoue
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tomo Tsuzuki
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Midori Soda
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Sayuri Morimoto
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yukiko Okigaki
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takaya Ohishi
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mochizuki
- />Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- />Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- />Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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247
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Kollist H, Nuhkat M, Roelfsema MRG. Closing gaps: linking elements that control stomatal movement. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:44-62. [PMID: 24800691 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are an attractive experimental system in plant biology, because the responses of guard cells to environmental signals can be directly linked to changes in the aperture of stomatal pores. In this review, the mechanics of stomatal movement are discussed in relation to ion transport in guard cells. Emphasis is placed on the ion pumps, transporters, and channels in the plasma membrane, as well as in the vacuolar membrane. The biophysical properties of transport proteins for H(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and anions are discussed and related to their function in guard cells during stomatal movements. Guard cell signaling pathways for ABA, CO2, ozone, microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and blue light are presented. Special attention is given to the regulation of the slow anion channel (SLAC) and SLAC homolog (SLAH)-type anion channels by the ABA signalosome. Over the last decade, several knowledge gaps in the regulation of ion transport in guard cells have been closed. The current state of knowledge is an excellent starting point for tackling important open questions concerning stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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248
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Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are ubiquitous metabolites in all aerobic organisms. Traditionally ROS have been considered as harmful, accidental byproducts of cellular functions involving electron transport chains or electron transfer. However, it is now recognized that controlled production of ROS has significant signaling functions, for example, in pathogen defense, in the regulation of stomatal closure, or in cell-to-cell signaling. ROS formation in subcellular compartments is critical to act as “alarm” signal in the response to stress, and the concept of ROS as primarily signaling substances has emerged. The involvement of ROS in several developmental and inducible processes implies that there must be coordinated function of signaling network(s) that govern ROS responses and subsequent processes. The air pollutant ozone can be used as a useful tool to elucidate the function of apoplastic ROS: O3 degrades in cell wall into various ROS which are interpreted as ROS with signaling function inducing downstream responses. We have used ozone as a tool in mutant screens and transcript profiling-reverse genetics to identify genes involved in processes related to the signaling function of ROS. We review here our recent findings in the elucidation of apoplastic ROS sensing, signaling, and interaction with various symplastic components.
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249
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Blatt MR, Wang Y, Leonhardt N, Hills A. Exploring emergent properties in cellular homeostasis using OnGuard to model K+ and other ion transport in guard cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:770-8. [PMID: 24268743 PMCID: PMC4030602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that the nature and characteristics of transport across eukaryotic membranes are so complex as to defy intuitive understanding. In these circumstances, quantitative mathematical modeling is an essential tool, both to integrate detailed knowledge of individual transporters and to extract the properties emergent from their interactions. As the first, fully integrated and quantitative modeling environment for the study of ion transport dynamics in a plant cell, OnGuard offers a unique tool for exploring homeostatic properties emerging from the interactions of ion transport, both at the plasma membrane and tonoplast in the guard cell. OnGuard has already yielded detail sufficient to guide phenotypic and mutational studies, and it represents a key step toward 'reverse engineering' of stomatal guard cell physiology, based on rational design and testing in simulation, to improve water use efficiency and carbon assimilation. Its construction from the HoTSig libraries enables translation of the software to other cell types, including growing root hairs and pollen. The problems inherent to transport are nonetheless challenging, and are compounded for those unfamiliar with conceptual 'mindset' of the modeler. Here we set out guidelines for the use of OnGuard and outline a standardized approach that will enable users to advance quickly to its application both in the classroom and laboratory. We also highlight the uncanny and emergent property of OnGuard models to reproduce the 'communication' evident between the plasma membrane and tonoplast of the guard cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 7265, CNRS/CEA/Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Anschütz U, Becker D, Shabala S. Going beyond nutrition: regulation of potassium homoeostasis as a common denominator of plant adaptive responses to environment. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:670-87. [PMID: 24635902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Partially and fully completed plant genome sequencing projects in both lower and higher plants allow drawing a comprehensive picture of the molecular and structural diversities of plant potassium transporter genes and their encoded proteins. While the early focus of the research in this field was aimed on the structure-function studies and understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying K(+) transport, availability of Arabidopsis thaliana mutant collections in combination with micro-array techniques have significantly advanced our understanding of K(+) channel physiology, providing novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of potassium homeostasis in plants. More recently, posttranslational regulation of potassium transport systems has moved into the center stage of potassium transport research. The current review is focused on the most exciting developments in this field. By summarizing recent work on potassium transporter regulation we show that potassium transport in general, and potassium channels in particular, represent important targets and are mediators of the cellular responses during different developmental stages in a plant's life cycle. We show that regulation of intracellular K(+) homeostasis is essential to mediate plant adaptive responses to a broad range of abiotic and biotic stresses including drought, salinity, and oxidative stress. We further link post-translational regulation of K(+) channels with programmed cell death and show that K(+) plays a critical role in controlling the latter process. Thus, is appears that K(+) is not just the essential nutrient required to support optimal plant growth and yield but is also an important signaling agent mediating a wide range of plant adaptive responses to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Anschütz
- University of Wuerzburg, Plant Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Becker
- University of Wuerzburg, Plant Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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