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Mao X, Tan Y, Wang H, Li S, Zhou Y. Substrate Stiffness Regulates Cholesterol Efflux in Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648715. [PMID: 34084769 PMCID: PMC8168435 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The infiltration and deposition of cholesterol in the arterial wall play an important role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major cell type in the intima. Upon exposure to cholesterol, SMCs may undergo a phenotype switching into foam cells. Meanwhile, the pathological processes of the blood vessel such as cholesterol deposition and calcification induce the changes in the substrate stiffness around SMCs. However, whether substrate stiffness affects the cholesterol accumulation in SMCs and the formation of foam cells is not well-understood. In this study, SMCs were cultured on the substrates with different stiffnesses ranging from 1 to 100 kPa and treated with cholesterol. We found that cholesterol accumulation in SMCs was higher on 1 and 100 kPa substrates than that on intermediate stiffness at 40 kPa; consistently, total cholesterol (TC) content on 1 and 100 kPa substrates was also higher. As a result, the accumulation of cholesterol increased the expression of macrophage marker CD68 and downregulated SMC contractile marker smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression level of cholesterol efflux gene ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was much higher on 40 kPa substrate. With the treatment of a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965, the expression of ABCA1 increased and cholesterol loading decreased, showing an additive effect with substrate stiffness. In contrast, inhibition of LXR decreased ABCA1 gene expression and increased cholesterol accumulation in SMCs. Consistently, when ABCA1 gene was knockdown, the cholesterol accumulation was increased in SMCs on all substrates with different stiffness. These results revealed that substrate stiffness played an important role on SMCs cholesterol accumulation by regulating the ABCA1 expression. Our findings on the effects of substrate stiffness on cholesterol efflux unravel a new mechanism of biophysical regulation of cholesterol metabolism and SMC phenotype, and provide a rational basis for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Mao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Tan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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202
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Jain M, Dhanesha N, Doddapattar P, Nayak MK, Guo L, Cornelissen A, Lentz SR, Finn AV, Chauhan AK. Smooth Muscle Cell-Specific PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase Muscle 2) Promotes Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching and Neointimal Hyperplasia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1724-1737. [PMID: 33691477 PMCID: PMC8062279 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Carotid Artery Injuries/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Glycolysis
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenotype
- Pyruvate Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Kinase/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Hormones/genetics
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Thyroid Hormone-Binding Proteins
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Prakash Doddapattar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Manasa K. Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute Inc., Gaithersburg, MD
| | | | - Steven R. Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Anil K. Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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203
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Walther BK, Rajeeva Pandian NK, Gold KA, Kiliç ES, Sama V, Gu J, Gaharwar AK, Guiseppi-Elie A, Cooke JP, Jain A. Mechanotransduction-on-chip: vessel-chip model of endothelial YAP mechanobiology reveals matrix stiffness impedes shear response. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1738-1751. [PMID: 33949409 PMCID: PMC9761985 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial mechanobiology is a key consideration in the progression of vascular dysfunction, including atherosclerosis. However mechanistic connections between the clinically associated physical stimuli, vessel stiffness and shear stress, and how they interact to modulate plaque progression remain incompletely characterized. Vessel-chip systems are excellent candidates for modeling vascular mechanobiology as they may be engineered from the ground up, guided by the mechanical parameters present in human arteries and veins, to recapitulate key features of the vasculature. Here, we report extensive validation of a vessel-chip model of endothelial yes-associated protein (YAP) mechanobiology, a protein sensitive to both matrix stiffness and shearing forces and, importantly, implicated in atherosclerotic progression. Our model captures the established endothelial mechanoresponse, with endothelial alignment, elongation, reduction of adhesion molecules, and YAP cytoplasmic retention under high laminar shear. Conversely, we observed disturbed morphology, inflammation, and nuclear partitioning under low, high, and high oscillatory shear. Examining targets of YAP transcriptional co-activation, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is strongly downregulated by high laminar shear, whereas it is strongly upregulated by low shear or oscillatory flow. Ankyrin repeat domain 1 (ANKRD1) is only upregulated by high oscillatory shear. Verteporfin inhibition of YAP reduced the expression of CTGF but did not affect ANKRD1. Lastly, substrate stiffness modulated the endothelial shear mechanoresponse. Under high shear, softer substrates showed the lowest nuclear localization of YAP whereas stiffer substrates increased nuclear localization. Low shear strongly increased nuclear localization of YAP across stiffnesses. Together, we have validated a model of endothelial mechanobiology and describe a clinically relevant biological connection between matrix stiffness, shear stress, and endothelial activation via YAP mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon K Walther
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA. and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | | | - Karli A Gold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Ecem S Kiliç
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Vineeth Sama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA. and Department of Materials Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA. and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, Texas 77030, USA. and ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anderson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29621, USA.
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA. and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, Texas 77030, USA. and Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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204
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Negro Silva LF, Makhani K, Lemaire M, Lemarié CA, Plourde D, Bolt AM, Chiavatti C, Bohle DS, Lehoux S, Goldberg MS, Mann KK. Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal and Early Life Inorganic and Methylated Arsenic Exposure on Atherosclerotic Plaque Development and Composition in Adult ApoE-/- Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57008. [PMID: 34014776 PMCID: PMC8136521 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies indicate that early life arsenic exposures are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Different oxidation and methylation states of arsenic exist in the environment and are formed in vivo via the action of arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3MT). Methylated arsenicals are pro-atherogenic postnatally, but pre- and perinatal effects are unclear. This is particularly important because methylated arsenicals are known to cross the placenta. OBJECTIVES We tested the effects of early life exposure to inorganic and methylated arsenicals on atherosclerotic plaque formation and its composition in apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE-/-) mice and evaluated whether apoE-/- mice lacking As3MT expression were susceptible to this effect. METHODS We exposed apoE-/- or apoE-/-/As3MT-/- mice to 200 ppb inorganic or methylated arsenic in the drinking water from conception to weaning and assessed atherosclerotic plaques in the offspring at 18 wk of age. Mixed regression models were used to estimate the mean difference in each outcome relative to controls, adjusting for sex and including a random effects term to account for within-litter clustering. RESULTS Early life exposure to inorganic arsenic, and more profoundly methylated arsenicals, resulted in significantly larger plaques in the aortic arch and sinus in both sexes. Lipid levels in these plaques were higher without a substantial difference in macrophage numbers. Smooth muscle cell content was not altered, but collagen content was lower. Importantly, there were sex-specific differences in these observations, where males had higher lipids and lower collagen in the plaque, but females did not. In mice lacking As3MT, arsenic did not alter the plaque size, although the size was highly variable. In addition, control apoE-/-/As3MT-/- mice had significantly larger plaque size compared with control apoE-/-. CONCLUSION This study shows that early life exposure to inorganic and methylated arsenicals is pro-atherogenic with sex-specific differences in plaque composition and a potential role for As3MT in mice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8171.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Makhani
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryse Lemaire
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine A. Lemarié
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- EA3878, European University of Occidental Brittany, Brest, France
- UMR 1078, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale, Brest, France
| | - Dany Plourde
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alicia M. Bolt
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Chiavatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Scott Bohle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lehoux
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Koren K. Mann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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205
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Shi X, Zhang Y, Han J, Peng W, Fang Z, Qin Y, Xu X, Lin J, Xiao F, Zhao L, Lin Y. Tryptanthrin Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switching in Atherosclerosis by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Signaling Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:642-649. [PMID: 33951699 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most severe cardiovascular diseases involved in the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Tryptanthrin is a natural product with broad biological activities. However, the effect of tryptanthrin on atherosclerotic progression is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of tryptanthrin in AS and explore the potential mechanism. In vitro, primary VSMCs were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) to induce cell dedifferentiation. Treatment with tryptanthrin (5 μM or 10 μM) suppressed the proliferation and recovered the contractility of VSMCs in the presence of PDGF. The contractile proteins (α-smooth muscle actin, calponin, and SM22α) were increased, and the synthetic protein vimentin was decreased by tryptanthrin in PDGF-induced VSMCs. ApoE-/- mice fed with high-fat diet were used as an in vivo model of AS. Similarly, gavage administration of tryptanthrin (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) attenuated VSMC phenotypic changes from a contractile to a synthetic state in aortic tissues of AS mice. The serum lipid level, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and arterial intimal hyperplasia were attenuated by tryptanthrin. Furthermore, tryptanthrin increased the expression levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) both in vitro and in vivo. Administration of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, reversed the inhibitory effect of tryptanthrin on VSMC dedifferentiation in vitro. Thus, we demonstrate that tryptanthrin protects against AS progression through the inhibition of VSMC switching from a contractile to a pathological synthetic phenotype by the activation of AMPK/ACC pathway. It provides novel insights into AS prevention and treatment.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/metabolism
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin/pharmacology
- Cell Plasticity/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Lin
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; and
| | - Fucheng Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Atherosclerosis, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China; and
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206
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Gallina AL, Rykaczewska U, Wirka RC, Caravaca AS, Shavva VS, Youness M, Karadimou G, Lengquist M, Razuvaev A, Paulsson-Berne G, Quertermous T, Gisterå A, Malin SG, Tarnawski L, Matic L, Olofsson PS. AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors Associated With Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Subpopulations in Atherosclerosis and Vascular Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:655869. [PMID: 33959644 PMCID: PMC8093397 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.655869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Aims: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key constituents of both normal arteries and atherosclerotic plaques. They have an ability to adapt to changes in the local environment by undergoing phenotypic modulation. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that regulate VSMC phenotypic changes may provide insights that suggest new therapeutic targets in treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The amino-acid glutamate has been associated with CVD risk and VSMCs metabolism in experimental models, and glutamate receptors regulate VSMC biology and promote pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, glutamate-signaling in human atherosclerosis has not been explored. Methods and Results: We identified glutamate receptors and glutamate metabolism-related enzymes in VSMCs from human atherosclerotic lesions, as determined by single cell RNA sequencing and microarray analysis. Expression of the receptor subunits glutamate receptor, ionotropic, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic (AMPA)-type subunit 1 (GRIA1) and 2 (GRIA2) was restricted to cells of mesenchymal origin, primarily VSMCs, as confirmed by immunostaining. In a rat model of arterial injury and repair, changes of GRIA1 and GRIA2 mRNA level were most pronounced at time points associated with VSMC proliferation, migration, and phenotypic modulation. In vitro, human carotid artery SMCs expressed GRIA1, and selective AMPA-type receptor blocking inhibited expression of typical contractile markers and promoted pathways associated with VSMC phenotypic modulation. In our biobank of human carotid endarterectomies, low expression of AMPA-type receptor subunits was associated with higher content of inflammatory cells and a higher frequency of adverse clinical events such as stroke. Conclusion: AMPA-type glutamate receptors are expressed in VSMCs and are associated with phenotypic modulation. Patients suffering from adverse clinical events showed significantly lower mRNA level of GRIA1 and GRIA2 in their atherosclerotic lesions compared to asymptomatic patients. These results warrant further mapping of neurotransmitter signaling in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro L Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urszula Rykaczewska
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert C Wirka
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - April S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir S Shavva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohamad Youness
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glykeria Karadimou
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, CA, United States
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen G Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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207
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Jeong K, Murphy JM, Erin Ahn EY, Steve Lim ST. FAK in the nucleus prevents VSMC proliferation by promoting p27 and p21 expression via Skp2 degradation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1150-1163. [PMID: 33839758 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) normally exhibit a very low proliferative rate. Vessel injury triggers VSMC proliferation, in part, through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, which increases transcription of cyclin D1, a key activator for cell cycle-dependent kinases (CDKs). At the same time, we also observe that FAK regulates the expression of the CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) p27 and p21. However, the mechanism of how FAK controls CDKIs in cell cycle progression is not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that pharmacological and genetic FAK inhibition increased p27 and p21 by reducing stability of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), which targets the CDKIs for degradation. FAK N-terminal domain interacts with Skp2 and an APC/C E3 ligase activator, fizzy-related 1 (Fzr1) in the nucleus, which promotes ubiquitination and degradation of both Skp2 and Fzr1. Notably, overexpression of cyclin D1 alone failed to promote proliferation of genetic FAK kinase-dead (KD) VSMCs, suggesting that the FAK-Skp2-CDKI signaling axis is distinct from the FAK-cyclin D1 pathway. However, overexpression of both cyclin D1 and Skp2 enables proliferation of FAK-KD VSMCs, implicating that FAK ought to control both activating and inhibitory switches for CDKs. In vivo, wire injury activates FAK in the cytosol and increased Skp2 and decreased p27 and p21 levels. CONCLUSIONS Both pharmacological FAK and genetic FAK inhibition reduced Skp2 expression in VSMCs upon injury, which significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia through elevated expression of p27 and p21. This study revealed that nuclear FAK-Skp2-CDKI signaling negatively regulates CDK activity in VSMC proliferation. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Increased VSMC proliferation contributes to pathological vessel narrowing in atherosclerosisand following vascular interventions. Blocking VSMC proliferation will reduce atherosclerosisprogression and increase patency of vascular interventions. We found that forced nuclear FAKlocalization by FAK inhibition reduced VSMC proliferation upon vessel injury. Nuclear FAKdecreased Skp2 protein expression by proteasomal degradation, thereby increasing theexpression of cell cycle inhibitors p27 and p21 and blocking cell cycle progression. This studyhas demonstrated the potential for FAK inhibitors in blocking VSMC proliferation to treat vessel narrowing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
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208
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Zhang YF, Zhang Y, Jia DD, Yang HY, Cheng MD, Zhu WX, Xin H, Li PF, Zhang YF. Insights into the regulatory role of Plexin D1 signalling in cardiovascular development and diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4183-4194. [PMID: 33837646 PMCID: PMC8093976 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plexin D1 (PLXND1), which was previously thought to mediate semaphorin signalling, belongs to the Plexin family of transmembrane proteins. PLXND1 cooperates mostly with the coreceptor neuropilin and participates in many aspects of axonal guidance. PLXND1 can also act as both a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor. Emerging evidence suggests that mutations in PLXND1 or Semaphorin 3E, the canonical ligand of PLXND1, can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases, such as congenital heart defects, CHARGE syndrome and systemic sclerosis. Upon ligand binding, PLXND1 can act as a GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) and modulate integrin‐mediated cell adhesion, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration. These effects may play regulatory roles in the development of the cardiovascular system and disease. The cardiovascular effects of PLXND1 signalling have gradually been elucidated. PLXND1 was recently shown to detect physical forces and translate them into intracellular biochemical signals in the context of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the role of PLXND1 in cardiovascular development and diseases is gaining research interest because of its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. In this review, we describe the cardiac effects, vascular effects and possible molecular mechanisms of PLXND1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong-Dong Jia
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Yu Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Die Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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209
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Promyelocytic leukemia protein promotes the phenotypic switch of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques of human coronary arteries. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:887-905. [PMID: 33764440 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a constitutive component of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which function as stress-regulated SUMOylation factories. Since PML can also act as a regulator of the inflammatory and fibroproliferative responses characteristic of atherosclerosis, we investigated whether PML is implicated in this disease. Immunoblotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry showed a stronger expression of PML in segments of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and sections compared with non-atherosclerotic ones. In particular, PML was concentrated in PML-NBs from α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-immunoreactive cells in plaque areas. To identify possible functional consequences of PML-accumulation in this cell type, differentiated human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (dHCASMCs) were transfected with a vector containing the intact PML-gene. These PML-transfected dHCASMCs showed higher levels of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1-dependent SUMOylated proteins, but lower levels of markers for smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and revealed more proliferation and migration activities than dHCASMCs transfected with the vector lacking a specific gene insert or with the vector containing a mutated PML-gene coding for a PML-form without SUMOylation activity. When dHCASMCs were incubated with different cytokines, higher PML-levels were observed only after interferon γ (IFN-γ) stimulation, while the expression of differentiation markers was lower. However, these phenotypic changes were not observed in dHCASMCs treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressing PML-expression prior to IFN-γ stimulation. Taken together, our results imply that PML is a previously unknown functional factor in the molecular cascades associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is positioned in vascular SMCs (VSMCs) between upstream IFN-γ activation and downstream SUMOylation.
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210
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Lu W, Zhou Y, Zeng S, Zhong L, Zhou S, Song H, Ding R, Zhong G, Li Q, Hu Y, Wen Z, Liao Q, Wang Y, Lyu L, Zhong Y, Hu G, Liao Y, Xie D, Xie J. Loss of FoxO3a prevents aortic aneurysm formation through maintenance of VSMC homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:378. [PMID: 33828087 PMCID: PMC8027644 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching plays a critical role in the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). FoxO3a is a key suppressor of VSMC homeostasis. We found that in human and animal AAA tissues, FoxO3a was upregulated, SM22α and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) proteins were downregulated and synthetic phenotypic markers were upregulated, indicating that VSMC phenotypic switching occurred in these diseased tissues. In addition, in cultured VSMCs, significant enhancement of FoxO3a expression was found during angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced VSMC phenotypic switching. In vivo, FoxO3a overexpression in C57BL/6J mice treated with Ang II increased the formation of AAAs, whereas FoxO3a knockdown exerted an inhibitory effect on AAA formation in ApoE−/− mice infused with Ang II. Mechanistically, FoxO3a overexpression significantly inhibited the expression of differentiated smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, activated autophagy, the essential repressor of VSMC homeostasis, and promoted AAA formation. Our study revealed that FoxO3a promotes VSMC phenotypic switching to accelerate AAA formation through the P62/LC3BII autophagy signaling pathway and that therapeutic approaches that decrease FoxO3a expression may prevent AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, 49th, Grand Highway, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Division of Vascular Surgery, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Vascular Disease Treatment, Engineering and Technology Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lintao Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), 519000, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shiju Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Song
- Wards of Cadres, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), 519000, Zhuhai, China
| | - Rongming Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qingrui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lianglliang Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Gonghua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China. .,Jiangxi Branch Center of National Geriatric Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Gannan Medical University, University Town, 341000, Ganzhou Development District, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Jiahe Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, University Town, Ganzhou Development District, 341000, Ganzhou, China. .,Jiangxi Branch Center of National Geriatric Disease Clinical Medical Research Center, Gannan Medical University, University Town, 341000, Ganzhou Development District, Jiangxi Province, China.
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211
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Wei X, Su Y, Li Q, Zheng Z, Hou P. Analysis of crucial genes, pathways and construction of the molecular regulatory networks in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:589. [PMID: 33850561 PMCID: PMC8027762 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) accompanies the trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteo/chondrocyte-like cells and resembles physiological bone mineralization. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying VC initiation and progression have remained largely elusive. The aim of the present study was to identify the genes and pathways common to VSMC and osteoblast calcification and construct a regulatory network of non-coding RNAs and transcription factors (TFs). To this end, the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE37558 including mRNA microarray data of calcifying VSMCs (CVSMCs) and calcifying osteoblasts (COs) was analyzed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and functionally annotated and the microRNA (miRNA/mRNA)-mRNA, TF-miRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-TF regulatory networks were constructed. A total of 318 DEGs were identified in the CVSMCs relative to the non-calcified VSMCs, of which 43 were shared with the COs. The CVSMC-related DEGs were mainly enriched in the functional terms cell cycle, extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation and chemotaxis-mediated signaling pathways, of which ECM was enriched by the DEGs for the COs as well. The protein-protein interaction network of CVSMCs consisted of 281 genes and 3,650 edges. There were 30 hub genes in this network, including maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), which potentially regulates the differentially expressed TF (DETF) forkhead box (FOX)M1 and is a potential target gene of Homo sapiens miR-485-3p and miR-181d. The TF-miRNA network included 251 TFs and 60 miRNAs, including 10 DETFs such as FOXO1 and snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2). Furthermore, the lncRNAs H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19) and differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR) were predicted as the upstream regulators of FOXO1 and SNAI2 in the lncRNA-TF regulatory network. DANCR, MELK and FOXM1 were downregulated, and H19, FOXO1 and SNAI2 were upregulated in the CVSMCs. Taken together, the CVSMCs and COs exhibited similar molecular changes in the ECM. In addition, the MELK-FOXM1, H19/DANCR-FOXO1 and SNAI2 regulatory pathways likely mediate VSMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Su
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Qiyi Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
| | - Peiyong Hou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, P.R. China
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212
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Circ_GRN Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Inflammation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Through miR-214-3p/FOXO1 Axis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:470-479. [PMID: 33818550 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) assumes a fundamental part in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Circular RNA granulin precursor (circ_GRN) was identified to promote the proliferation and invasion of human VSMCs (HVSMCs) in an in vitro AS model. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Levels of circ_GRN, microRNA (miR)-214-3p, and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. The proliferation, migration, and inflammatory response of HVSMCs were evaluated by using flow cytometry, colony formation, Cell Counting Kit-8, Western blot, transwell assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The binding interaction between miR-214-3p and circ_GRN or FOXO1 was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In this study, we found that circ_GRN was elevated in the serum of AS and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced HVSMCs. The in vitro AS model was established by exposing HVSMCs to ox-LDL, and we found circ_GRN knockdown reversed ox-LDL-evoked cell proliferation, migration, and inflammation. In a mechanical study, miR-214-3p directly bound to circ_GRN or FOXO1, and circ_GRN could regulate FOXO1 expression by competitively binding to miR-214-3p. Importantly, we demonstrated that miR-214-3p inhibition attenuated the protective effects of circ_GRN knockdown on ox-LDL-induced HVSMCs; besides that, miR-214-3p overexpression abolished ox-LDL-triggered HVSMC proliferation, migration, and inflammation, which were counteracted by FOXO1 upregulation. In conclusion, circ_GRN promoted the proliferation, migration, and inflammation of HVSMCs through miR-214-3p/FOXO1 axis in ox-LDL-induced AS model in vitro, suggesting the potential involvement in an AS process, which provided a potential candidate for future clinic intervention in AS.
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213
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Xia XD, Yu XH, Chen LY, Xie SL, Feng YG, Yang RZ, Zhao ZW, Li H, Wang G, Tang CK. Myocardin suppression increases lipid retention and atherosclerosis via downregulation of ABCA1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158824. [PMID: 33035679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardin (MYOCD) plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. However, its underlying impact on atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a key membrane-associated lipid transporter which maintains intracellular lipid homeostasis, has a protective function in atherosclerosis progress. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how the effect of MYOCD on atherosclerosis is associated with ABCA1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We found both MYOCD and ABCA1 expression were dramatically decreased in atherosclerotic patient aortas compared to control. MYOCD knockdown inhibited ABCA1 expression in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs), leading to reduced cholesterol efflux and increased intracellular cholesterol contents. MYOCD overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, MYOCD regulates ABCA1 expression in an SRF-dependent manner. Consistently, apolipoprotein E-deficient mice treated with MYOCD shRNA developed more plaques in the aortic sinus, which is associated with reduced ABCA1 expression, increased cholesterol retention in the aorta, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the plasma. Our data suggest that MYOCD deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis by downregulating ABCA1 dependent cholesterol efflux from VSMCs, thereby providing a novel strategy for the therapeutic treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, Qingyuan 511518, China; Department of Microsurgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Song-Lin Xie
- Department of Microsurgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yao-Guang Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rui-Zhe Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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214
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Flouda K, Mercer J, Davies MJ, Hawkins CL. Role of myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants in the induction of vascular smooth muscle cell damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:165-177. [PMID: 33631301 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released by activated immune cells and forms the oxidants hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) from the competing substrates chloride and thiocyanate. MPO and the overproduction of HOCl are strongly linked with vascular cell dysfunction and inflammation in atherosclerosis. HOCl is highly reactive and causes marked cell dysfunction and death, whereas data with HOSCN are conflicting, and highly dependent on the nature of the cell type. In this study we have examined the reactivity of HOCl and HOSCN with human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC), given the key role of this cell type in maintaining vascular function. HOCl reacts rapidly with the cells, resulting in extensive cell death by both necrosis and apoptosis, and increased levels of intracellular calcium. In contrast, HOSCN reacts more slowly, with cell death occurring only after prolonged incubation, and in the absence of the accumulation of intracellular calcium. Exposure of HCASMC to HOCl also influences mitochondrial respiration, decreases glycolysis, lactate release, the production of ATP, cellular thiols and glutathione levels. These changes occurred to varying extents on exposure of the cells to HOSCN, where evidence was also obtained for the reversible modification of cellular thiols. HOCl also induced alterations in the mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory and phenotypic genes. Interestingly, the extent and nature of these changes was highly dependent on the specific cell donor used, with more marked effects observed in cells isolated from diseased compared to healthy vessels. Overall, these data provide new insight into pathways promoting vascular dysfunction during chronic inflammation, support the use of thiocyanate as a means to modulate MPO-induced cellular damage in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Flouda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - John Mercer
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark.
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215
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Pan J, Cai Y, Wang L, Maehara A, Mintz GS, Tang D, Li Z. A prediction tool for plaque progression based on patient-specific multi-physical modeling. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008344. [PMID: 33780445 PMCID: PMC8057612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is responsible for a majority of acute vascular syndromes and this study aims to develop a prediction tool for plaque progression and rupture. Based on the follow-up coronary intravascular ultrasound imaging data, we performed patient-specific multi-physical modeling study on four patients to obtain the evolutional processes of the microenvironment during plaque progression. Four main pathophysiological processes, i.e., lipid deposition, inflammatory response, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and neovascularization were coupled based on the interactions demonstrated by experimental and clinical observations. A scoring table integrating the dynamic microenvironmental indicators with the classical risk index was proposed to differentiate their progression to stable and unstable plaques. The heterogeneity of plaque microenvironment for each patient was demonstrated by the growth curves of the main microenvironmental factors. The possible plaque developments were predicted by incorporating the systematic index with microenvironmental indicators. Five microenvironmental factors (LDL, ox-LDL, MCP-1, SMC, and foam cell) showed significant differences between stable and unstable group (p < 0.01). The inflammatory microenvironments (monocyte and macrophage) had negative correlations with the necrotic core (NC) expansion in the stable group, while very strong positive correlations in unstable group. The inflammatory microenvironment is strongly correlated to the NC expansion in unstable plaques, suggesting that the inflammatory factors may play an important role in the formation of a vulnerable plaque. This prediction tool will improve our understanding of the mechanism of plaque progression and provide a new strategy for early detection and prediction of high-risk plaques. Besides the traditional systematic factors, the influences of the local microenvironmental factors on atherosclerotic plaque progression have been demonstrated. Mathematical and computational modeling is an important tool to investigate the complex interplay between plaque progression and the microenvironment, and provides a potential way toward the prediction of plaque vulnerability according to the comprehensive evaluation of both morphological and/or biochemical factors in tissue level with microenvironmental factors in cellular level. We performed patient-specific multi-physical modeling study on four patients to obtain the evolutional processes of the microenvironment during plaque progression and predicted the possible plaque developments. A scoring table integrating the dynamic microenvironmental indicators with the classical risk index was proposed to differentiate their progression to stable and unstable plaques. Based on patient-specific imaging data, the mathematical model will provide a novel method to predict the changes of plaque microenvironment and improve ability to access the personal therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Pan
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Cai
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
| | - Akiko Maehara
- The Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary S Mintz
- The Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dalin Tang
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
- Mathematical Sciences Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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216
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Bonetti J, Corti A, Lerouge L, Pompella A, Gaucher C. Phenotypic Modulation of Macrophages and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis-Nitro-Redox Interconnections. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040516. [PMID: 33810295 PMCID: PMC8066740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) are the main cell types implicated in atherosclerosis development, and unlike other mature cell types, both retain a remarkable plasticity. In mature vessels, differentiated vSMCs control the vascular tone and the blood pressure. In response to vascular injury and modifications of the local environment (inflammation, oxidative stress), vSMCs switch from a contractile to a secretory phenotype and also display macrophagic markers expression and a macrophagic behaviour. Endothelial dysfunction promotes adhesion to the endothelium of monocytes, which infiltrate the sub-endothelium and differentiate into macrophages. The latter become polarised into M1 (pro-inflammatory), M2 (anti-inflammatory) or Mox macrophages (oxidative stress phenotype). Both monocyte-derived macrophages and macrophage-like vSMCs are able to internalise and accumulate oxLDL, leading to formation of “foam cells” within atherosclerotic plaques. Variations in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) can affect several of the molecular pathways implicated in the described phenomena. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms could help to identify novel specific therapeutic targets, but to date much remains to be explored. The present article is an overview of the different factors and signalling pathways implicated in plaque formation and of the effects of NO on the molecular steps of the phenotypic switch of macrophages and vSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bonetti
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lucie Lerouge
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2218-537
| | - Caroline Gaucher
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
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217
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Interaction between the apelinergic system and ACE2 in the cardiovascular system: therapeutic implications. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2319-2336. [PMID: 32901821 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The apelinergic system is widely expressed and acts through autocrine and paracrine signaling to exert protective effects, including vasodilatory, metabolic, and inotropic effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. The apelin pathway's dominant physiological role has delineated therapeutic implications for coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), aortic aneurysm, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and transplant vasculopathy. Apelin peptides interact with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by promoting angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transcription leading to increased ACE2 protein and activity while also antagonizing the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II). Apelin modulation of the RAS by increasing ACE2 action is limited due to its rapid degradation by proteases, including ACE2, neprilysin (NEP), and kallikrein. Apelin peptides are hence tightly regulated in a negative feedback manner by ACE2. Plasma apelin levels are suppressed in pathological conditions, but its diagnostic and prognostic utility requires further clinical exploration. Enhancing the beneficial actions of apelin peptides and ACE2 axes while complementing existing pharmacological blockade of detrimental pathways is an exciting pathway for developing new therapies. In this review, we highlight the interaction between the apelin and ACE2 systems, discuss their pathophysiological roles and potential for treating a wide array of CV diseases (CVDs).
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218
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Application of genetic cell-lineage tracing technology to study cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:57-68. [PMID: 33745891 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes that threaten people's life. To investigate cells that are involved in disease development and tissue repair, various technologies have been introduced. Among these technologies, lineage tracing is a powerful tool to track the fate of cells in vivo, providing deep insights into cellular behavior and plasticity. In cardiac diseases, newly formed cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells are found from proliferation of local cells, while fibroblasts and macrophages are originated from diverse cell sources. Similarly, in response to vascular injury, various sources of cells including media smooth muscle cells, endothelium, resident progenitors and bone marrow cells are involved in lesion formation and/or vessel regeneration. In summary, current review summarizes the development of lineage tracing techniques and their utilizations in investigating roles of different cell types in cardiovascular diseases.
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Osman I, Dong K, Kang X, Yu L, Xu F, Ahmed ASI, He X, Shen J, Hu G, Zhang W, Zhou J. YAP1/TEAD1 upregulate platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta to promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:20-32. [PMID: 33753119 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the transcription co-factor yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) de-differentiation. Yet, the role and underlying mechanisms of YAP1 in neointima formation in vivo remain unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of VSMC-expressed YAP1 in vascular injury-induced VSMC proliferation and delineate the mechanisms underlying its action. Experiments employing gain- or loss-of-function of YAP1 demonstrated that YAP1 promotes human VSMC proliferation. Mechanistically, we identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) as a novel YAP1 target gene that confers the YAP1-dependent hyper-proliferative effects in VSMCs. Furthermore, we identified TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) as a key transcription factor that mediates YAP1-dependent PDGFRβ expression. ChIP assays demonstrated that TEAD1 is enriched at a PDGFRB gene enhancer. Luciferase reporter assays further demonstrated that YAP1 and TEAD1 co-operatively activate the PDGFRB enhancer. Consistent with these observations, we found that YAP1 expression is upregulated after arterial injury and correlates with PDGFRβ expression and VSMC proliferation in vivo. Using a novel inducible SM-specific Yap1 knockout mouse model, we found that the specific deletion of Yap1 in adult VSMCs is sufficient to attenuate arterial injury-induced neointima formation, largely due to inhibited PDGFRβ expression and VSMC proliferation. Our study unravels a novel mechanism by which YAP1/TEAD1 promote VSMC proliferation via transcriptional induction of PDGFRβ, thereby enhancing PDGF-BB downstream signaling and promoting neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Osman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Xiuhua Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Luyi Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Abu Shufian Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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Wang L, Zhou J, Guo F, Yao T, Zhang L. MicroRNA-665 Regulates Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Targeting TGFBR1. Int Heart J 2021; 62:371-380. [PMID: 33731513 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the heavy health burdens worldwide. Aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the occurrence and development of CAD. This study aimed at exploring differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory mechanisms in the development of CAD.The miRNA expression profile of GSE28858 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between CAD and healthy control samples were analyzed using limma package in R. Target genes of DEmiRNAs were predicted, and a miRNA-target gene network was constructed. The relationship between miR-665 and transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) was selected for further analysis. The interaction between miR-665 and TGFBR1 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. Effects of miR-665 on cell viability and apoptosis of VSMCs were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Besides, western blot assays for BCL2L11 and caspase 3 were also conducted.A total of 38 upregulated miRNAs and 28 downregulated miRNAs were identified. The expression level of miR-665 was significantly downregulated in patients with CAD. TGFBR1 was proved to be a target gene of miR-665. Besides, ectopic expression of miR-665 obviously inhibited VSMC growth and promoted VSMC apoptosis. TGFBR1 overexpression in VSMCs transfected with miR-665 mimic could restore the effect of miR-665 on the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs.MiR-665 might participate in the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs by targeting TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fifth Hospital
| | - Tan Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Luotian Wanmizhai Hospital
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Luotian Wanmizhai Hospital
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Zhang CY, Hu YC, Zhang Y, Ma WD, Song YF, Quan XH, Guo X, Wang CX. Glutamine switches vascular smooth muscle cells to synthetic phenotype through inhibiting miR-143 expression and upregulating THY1 expression. Life Sci 2021; 277:119365. [PMID: 33741416 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many human cardiovascular diseases. They modulate their phenotype from "contractile" to "synthetic" in response to changes in local environmental cues. How glutamine regulates the differentiation of VSMCs and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. MAIN METHODS Here, we explored the effects of various doses of glutamine (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 4 mM) on the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switch of human VSMCs in vitro. Glutamine dose-dependently enhanced VSMC proliferation, and markedly increased VSMC migration. KEY FINDINGS Notably, glutamine promoted the phenotypic switch of VSMCs towards a synthetic phenotype, as evidenced by significantly decreased expression of contractile markers myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) and calponin while increased expression of synthetic markers collagen I and vimentin. Importantly, these changes upon glutamine treatments were attenuated after additional treatments with glutamine metabolism inhibitor BPTES. Additionally, glutamine downregulated miR-143 expression, and miR-143 inactivation alone resulted in enhanced proliferation, migration, and promoted the synthetic phenotype of VSMCs. Moreover, Thy-1 cell surface antigen (THY1) was validated as a downstream target of miR-143, and THY1 expression was upregulated by glutamine in VSMCs. Furthermore, either miR-143 overexpression or THY1 silencing abolished the effect of glutamine on proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switch of VSMCs, supporting a novel glutamine-miR-143-THY1 pathway in modulating VSMC functions. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated a novel mechanism of glutamine in modulation of VSMC phenotypic switch by targeting miR-143 and THY1, and provides significant insight on targeted therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Chao Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Dong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Fan Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, 30 Fen Xiang, South Street, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, 30 Fen Xiang, South Street, 710004 Xi'an, China
| | - Cong-Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, 710004 Xi'an, China.
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Henderson JM, Weber C, Santovito D. Beyond Self-Recycling: Cell-Specific Role of Autophagy in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030625. [PMID: 33799835 PMCID: PMC7998923 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall and underlies the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. As such, atherosclerosis stands as the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and intensive scientific efforts are made to investigate its complex pathophysiology, which involves the deregulation of crucial intracellular pathways and intricate interactions between diverse cell types. A growing body of evidence, including in vitro and in vivo studies involving cell-specific deletion of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), has unveiled the mechanistic relevance of cell-specific (endothelial, smooth-muscle, and myeloid cells) defective autophagy in the processes of atherogenesis. In this review, we underscore the recent insights on autophagy's cell-type-dependent role in atherosclerosis development and progression, featuring the relevance of canonical catabolic functions and emerging noncanonical mechanisms, and highlighting the potential therapeutic implications for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Henderson
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (D.S.)
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU), D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS of Milan, National Research Council, I-09042 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (D.S.)
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223
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Roldán Gallardo FF, Quintar AA. The pathological growth of the prostate gland in atherogenic contexts. Exp Gerontol 2021; 148:111304. [PMID: 33676974 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human prostate is an androgen-dependent gland where an imbalance in cell proliferation can lead to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which results in voiding lower urinary tract symptoms in the elderly. In the last decades, novel evidence has suggested that BPH might represent an element into the wide spectrum of disorders conforming the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The dyslipidemic state and the other atherogenic factors of the MS have been shown to induce, maintain and/or aggravate the pathological growth of different organs, with data regarding the prostate being still limited. We here review the available epidemiological and experimental studies about the association of BPH with dyslipidemias. In particular, we have focused on Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins (OxLDL) as a potential trigger for vascular disease and cellular proliferation in atherogenic contexts, analyzing their putative molecular mechanisms, including the induction of specific extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived miRNAs. In addition to the epidemiological evidence, OxLDL is proposed to play a fundamental role in the upregulation of prostatic cell proliferation by activating the Rho/Akt/p27Kip1 pathway in atherogenic contexts. miR-21, miR-141, miR-143, miR-145, miR-155, and miR-221 would be involved in the transcription of genes related to the proliferative process. Although much remains to be investigated regarding the impact of OxLDL, its receptors, and molecular mechanisms on the prostate, it is clear that EVs and miRNAs represent a promising target for proliferative pathologies of the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco F Roldán Gallardo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Amado A Quintar
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Role of inflammatory cytokines in genesis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Looking at foam cells through a different lens. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:143-145. [PMID: 33675959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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225
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Cx43 phosphorylation sites regulate pancreatic cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2021; 40:1909-1920. [PMID: 33603164 PMCID: PMC8191514 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is aggressive, highly metastatic and characterized by a robust desmoplasia. Connexin proteins that form gap junctions have been implicated in tumor suppression for over 30 years. Cx43, the most widely expressed connexin, regulates cell behaviors, including migration and proliferation. Thus, we hypothesized that Cx43 could regulate PDA progression. Phosphorylation of Cx43 by Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) regulates gap junction assembly. We interbred the well-established KrasLSL-G12D/+;p48Cre/+ (KC) mouse model of PDA with homozygous "knock-in" mutant Cx43 mice bearing amino acid substitution at CK1 sites (Cx43CK1A) and found profound and surprising effects on cancer progression. Crossing the Cx43CK1A mouse onto the KC background (termed KC;CxCK1A) led to significant extension of lifespan, from a median of 370 to 486 days (p = 0.03) and a decreased incidence of metastasis (p = 0.045). However, when we examined early stages of disease, we found more rapid onset of tissue remodeling in the KC;CxCK1A mouse followed by divergence to a cystic phenotype. During tumorigenesis, gap junctions are increasingly present in stromal cells of the KC mice but are absent from the KC;Cx43CK1A mice. Tail vein metastasis assays with cells derived from KC or KC;CxCK1A tumors showed that KC;CxCK1A cells could efficiently colonize the lung and downregulate Cx43 expression, arguing that inhibition of metastasis was not occurring at the distal site. Instead, stromal gap junctions, their associated signaling events or other unknown Cx43-dependent events facilitate metastatic capacity in the primary tumor.
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226
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Bi X, Du C, Wang X, Wang X, Han W, Wang Y, Qiao Y, Zhu Y, Ran L, Liu Y, Xiong J, Huang Y, Liu M, Liu C, Zeng C, Wang J, Yang K, Zhao J. Mitochondrial Damage-Induced Innate Immune Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Promotes Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Plaque Vulnerability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002738. [PMID: 33717842 PMCID: PMC7927614 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis progression and high incidence of cardiovascular events, hinting that atherosclerotic plaques in CKD may be vulnerable. However, its cause and mechanism remain obscure. Here, it is shown that apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse with CKD (CKD/ApoE-/- mouse) is a useful model for investigating the pathogenesis of plaque vulnerability, and premature senescence and phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to CKD-associated plaque vulnerability. Subsequently, VSMC phenotypes in patients with CKD and CKD/ApoE-/- mice are comprehensively investigated. Using multi-omics analysis and targeted and VSMC-specific gene knockout mice, VSMCs are identified as both type-I-interferon (IFN-I)-responsive and IFN-I-productive cells. Mechanistically, mitochondrial damage resulting from CKD-induced oxidative stress primes the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway to trigger IFN-I response in VSMCs. Enhanced IFN-I response then induces VSMC premature senescence and phenotypic switching in an autocrine/paracrine manner, resulting in the loss of fibrous cap VSMCs and fibrous cap thinning. Conversely, blocking IFN-I response remarkably attenuates CKD-associated plaque vulnerability. These findings reveal that IFN-I response in VSMCs through immune sensing of mitochondrial damage is essential for the pathogenesis of CKD-associated plaque vulnerability. Mitigating IFN-I response may hold promise for the treatment of CKD-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryInstitute of Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryInstitute of Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Xue‐Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Developmental BiologyDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Wenhao Han
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Li Ran
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Mingying Liu
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of CardiologyDaping HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400042China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurns and Combined InjuryInstitute of Combined InjuryChongqing Engineering Research Center for NanomedicineCollege of Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrologythe Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of ChongqingKidney Center of PLAXinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400037China
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Vacante F, Rodor J, Lalwani MK, Mahmoud AD, Bennett M, De Pace AL, Miller E, Van Kuijk K, de Bruijn J, Gijbels M, Williams TC, Clark MB, Scanlon JP, Doran AC, Montgomery R, Newby DE, Giacca M, O'Carroll D, Hadoke PWF, Denby L, Sluimer JC, Baker AH. CARMN Loss Regulates Smooth Muscle Cells and Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Mice. Circ Res 2021; 128:1258-1275. [PMID: 33622045 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vacante
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Julie Rodor
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Mukesh K Lalwani
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Amira D Mahmoud
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Matthew Bennett
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Azzurra L De Pace
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Regenerative Medicine (A.D.P., D.O.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Eileen Miller
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kim Van Kuijk
- Pathology, Maastricht Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.V.K., J.d., J.C.S., A.H.B.)
| | - Jenny de Bruijn
- Pathology, Maastricht Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.V.K., J.d., J.C.S., A.H.B.)
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Pathology CARIM, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (M. Gijbels)
| | - Thomas C Williams
- Insitute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.C.W.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Michael B Clark
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Australia (M.B.C.)
| | - Jessica P Scanlon
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (A.C.D)
| | | | - David E Newby
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (M. Gijbels).,King's College London, England (M. Giacca)
| | - Dónal O'Carroll
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Regenerative Medicine (A.D.P., D.O.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Laura Denby
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland.,Pathology, Maastricht Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.V.K., J.d., J.C.S., A.H.B.)
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Queens Medical Research Institute, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (F.V., J.R., M.K.L., A.D.M., M.B., E.M., J.P.S., D.E.N., P.W.F.H., L.D., J.C.S., A.H.B.), University of Edinburgh, Scotland.,Pathology, Maastricht Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.V.K., J.d., J.C.S., A.H.B.)
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228
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Han JH, Park HS, Lee DH, Jo JH, Heo KS, Myung CS. Regulation of autophagy by controlling Erk1/2 and mTOR for platelet-derived growth factor-BB-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype shift. Life Sci 2021; 267:118978. [PMID: 33412209 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype shift is involved in the pathophysiology of vascular injury or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs. We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism involved in PDGF-mediated signaling pathways and autophagy regulation followed by VSMC phenotype shift. MAIN METHODS The proliferation, migration and apoptosis of cultured rat aortic VSMCs were measured, and cells undergoing phenotype shift and autophagy were examined. Specific inhibitors for target proteins in signaling pathways were applied to clarify their roles in regulating cell functions. KEY FINDINGS PDGF-BB stimulation initiated autophagy activation and synthetic phenotype transition by decreasing α-smooth muscle-actin (SMA), calponin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) and increasing osteopontin (OPN) expression. However, U0126, a potent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) inhibitor, decreased PDGF-BB-induced LC3 expression, while rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), increased it. Furthermore, U0126 decreased the expresseion of autophagy-related genes (Atgs) such as beclin-1, Atg7, Atg5, and Atg12-Atg5 complex, indicating that Erk1/2 is a regulator of PDGF-BB-induced VSMC autophagy. Regardless of autophagy inhibition by U0126 or activation by rapamycin, the PDGF-BB-induced decrease in SMA, calponin and MHC and increase in OPN expression were inhibited. Furthermore, PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC proliferation, migration and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression were inhibited by U0126 and rapamycin. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that PDGF-BB-induced autophagy is strongly regulated by Erk1/2, an mTOR-independent pathway, and any approach for targeting autophagy modulation is a potential therapeutic strategy for addressing abnormal VSMC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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229
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Wang C, Li Z, Liu Y, Yuan L. Exosomes in atherosclerosis: performers, bystanders, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3996-4010. [PMID: 33664877 PMCID: PMC7914371 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized lipid vesicles originating from the endosomal system that carry many macromolecules from their parental cells and play important roles in intercellular communication. The functions and underlying mechanisms of exosomes in atherosclerosis have recently been intensively studied. In this review, we briefly introduce exosome biology and then focus on advances in the roles of exosomes in atherosclerosis, specifically exosomal changes associated with atherosclerosis, their cellular origins and potential functional cargos, and their detailed impacts on recipient cells. We also discuss the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and drug carriers for managing atherosclerosis.
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230
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Horie K, Nanashima N, Maeda H, Tomisawa T, Oey I. Blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum L.) Extract Exerts Potential Vasculoprotective Effects in Ovariectomized Rats, Including Prevention of Elastin Degradation and Pathological Vascular Remodeling. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020560. [PMID: 33567796 PMCID: PMC7915542 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen exerts cardioprotective effects in menopausal women. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived substances exhibiting estrogenic activity that could beneficially affect vascular health. We previously demonstrated that blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) extract (BCE) treatment exerted beneficial effects on vascular health via phytoestrogenic activity in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, which are widely used as menopausal animal models. Here, we examined whether BCE treatment reduced elastin degradation and prevented pathological vascular remodeling in OVX rats fed a regular diet (OVX Control) or a 3% BCE-supplemented diet (OVX BCE), compared with sham surgery rats fed a regular diet (Sham) for 3 months. The results indicated a lower staining intensity of elastic fibers, greater elastin fragmentation, and higher α-smooth muscle actin protein expression in OVX Control rats than in OVX BCE and Sham rats. Pathological vascular remodeling was only observed in OVX Control rats. Additionally, we investigated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 mRNA expression levels to elucidate the mechanism underlying elastin degradation, revealing significantly upregulated MMP-12 mRNA expression in OVX Control rats compared with that in Sham and OVX BCE rats. Together, we identify BCE as exerting a vascular protective effect through reduced MMP-12 expression and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that BCE might protect against elastin degradation and pathological vascular remodeling during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Horie
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-172-39-5527
| | - Naoki Nanashima
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan;
| | - Toshiko Tomisawa
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan;
| | - Indrawati Oey
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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231
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Jung Y, Lee HS, Ha JM, Jin SY, Kum HJ, Vafaeinik F, Ha HK, Song SH, Kim CD, Bae SS. Modulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype by High Mobility Group AT-Hook 1. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:99-110. [PMID: 33537257 PMCID: PMC7838509 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) on the phenotyptic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods Gene silencing and overexpression of HMGA1 were introduced to evaluate the effect of HMGA1 expression on the phenotypic change of VSMCs. Marker gene expression of VSMCs was measured by promoter assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Common left carotid artery ligation model was used to establish in vivo neointima formation. Results HMGA1 was expressed strongly in the synthetic type of VSMCs and significantly downregulated during the differentiation of VSMCs. Silencing of HMGA1 in the synthetic type of VSMCs enhanced the expression of contractile marker genes thereby enhanced angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent contraction, however, significantly suppressed proliferation and migration. Stimulation of contractile VSMCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhanced HMGA1 expression concomitant with the downregulation of marker gene expression which was blocked significantly by the silencing of HMGA1. Silencing of HMGA1 retained the Ang II-dependent contractile function, which was curtailed by PDGF stimulation, however, overexpression of HMGA1 in the contractile type of VSMCs suppressed marker gene expression. Proliferation and migration were enhanced significantly by the overexpression of HMGA1. Furthermore, the Ang II-dependent contraction was reduced significantly by the overexpression of HMGA1. Finally, the expression of HMGA1 was enhanced significantly in the ligated artery, especially in the neointima area. Conclusion HMGA1 plays an essential role in the phenotypic modulation of VSMCs. Therefore, paracrine factors such as PDGF may affect vascular remodeling through the regulation of HMGA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Jung
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hae Sun Lee
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kum
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Farzaneh Vafaeinik
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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232
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Zhou Y, Wang X, Guo L, Chen L, Zhang M, Chen X, Li J, Zhang L. TRPV1 activation inhibits phenotypic switching and oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells by upregulating PPARα. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:157-163. [PMID: 33550097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is one of main reasons of vascular remodeling and is the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is the specific receptor of capsaicin. TRPV1 has been previously reported to inhibit proliferation, migration and phenotypic switching, but the regulatory mechanisms and relevant signalling pathways are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of capsaicin-activated TRPV1 on VSMC phenotypic switching. In this study, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to induce the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Our data showed that the VSMC proliferation induced by ox-LDL was dependent on the concentration of ox-LDL. Nevertheless, the data showed that capsaicin activated TRPV1 significantly decreased ox-LDL-induced superoxide anion generation. Phenotypic switching of VSMCs was inhibited by the activation of TRPV1. Furthermore, capsaicin decreased ox-LDL-induced superoxide anion generation by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα). TRPV1 inhibited VSMC phenotypic switching via upregulated expression of PPARα. It may be considered a useful target for the treatment of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces, 398 ZhongShan Xi Road, QiaoXi District, ShiJiaZhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Neurology, 980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces, 398 ZhongShan Xi Road, QiaoXi District, ShiJiaZhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Army Medical University Daping Hospital, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Army Medical University Daping Hospital, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, 270 Tianhuan Road, Rongdu Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ya 'an People's Hospital, 358 Chenghou Road, Ya 'an City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingcheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Army Medical University Daping Hospital, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Army Medical University Daping Hospital, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, PR China.
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233
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Nguyen DND, Chilian WM, Zain SM, Daud MF, Pung YF. MicroRNA regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells and its significance in cardiovascular diseases. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:827-838. [PMID: 33529092 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the leading causes of death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), regulatory molecules that repress protein expression, have attracted considerable attention in CVD research. The vasculature plays a big role in CVD development and progression and dysregulation of vascular cells underlies the root of many vascular diseases. This review provides a brief introduction of the biogenesis of miRNAs and exosomes, followed by overview of the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) intracellular signaling during phenotypic switching, senescence, calcification, and neointimal hyperplasia. Evidence of extracellular signaling of VSMCs and other cells via exosomal and circulating miRNAs is also presented. Lastly, current drawbacks and limitations of miRNA studies in CVD research and potential ways to overcome these disadvantages are discussed in detail. In-depth understanding of VSMC regulation via miRNAs will add substantial knowledge and advance research in diagnosis, disease progression, and (or) miRNA-derived therapeutic approaches in CVD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Ngoc Diem Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St. Rt. 44, P.O. Box 95, Rootstown, OH P.O. Box 95, USA
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fauzi Daud
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia
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234
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Newman AAC, Serbulea V, Baylis RA, Shankman LS, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Owsiany K, Deaton RA, Karnewar S, Shamsuzzaman S, Salamon A, Reddy MS, Guo L, Finn A, Virmani R, Cherepanova OA, Owens GK. Multiple cell types contribute to the atherosclerotic lesion fibrous cap by PDGFRβ and bioenergetic mechanisms. Nat Metab 2021; 3:166-181. [PMID: 33619382 PMCID: PMC7905710 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stable atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by a thick, extracellular matrix-rich fibrous cap populated by protective ACTA2+ myofibroblast (MF)-like cells, assumed to be almost exclusively derived from smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Herein, we show that in murine and human lesions, 20% to 40% of ACTA2+ fibrous cap cells, respectively, are derived from non-SMC sources, including endothelial cells (ECs) or macrophages that have undergone an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) or a macrophage-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT). In addition, we show that SMC-specific knockout of the Pdgfrb gene, which encodes platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), in Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 18 weeks resulted in brachiocephalic artery lesions nearly devoid of SMCs but with no changes in lesion size, remodelling or indices of stability, including the percentage of ACTA2+ fibrous cap cells. However, prolonged Western diet feeding of SMC Pdgfrb-knockout mice resulted in reduced indices of stability, indicating that EndoMT- and MMT-derived MFs cannot compensate indefinitely for loss of SMC-derived MFs. Using single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing analyses of the brachiocephalic artery region and in vitro models, we provide evidence that SMC-to-MF transitions are induced by PDGF and transforming growth factor-β and dependent on aerobic glycolysis, while EndoMT is induced by interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β. Together, we provide evidence that the ACTA2+ fibrous cap originates from a tapestry of cell types, which transition to an MF-like state through distinct signalling pathways that are either dependent on or associated with extensive metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A C Newman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Laura S Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katherine Owsiany
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anita Salamon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mahima S Reddy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Wang ZY, Cheng J, Liu B, Xie F, Li CL, Qiao W, Lu QH, Wang Y, Zhang MX. Protein deglycase DJ-1 deficiency induces phenotypic switching in vascular smooth muscle cells and exacerbates atherosclerotic plaque instability. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2816-2827. [PMID: 33501750 PMCID: PMC7957272 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein deglycase DJ‐1 (DJ‐1) is a multifunctional protein involved in various biological processes. However, it is unclear whether DJ‐1 influences atherosclerosis development and plaque stability. Accordingly, we evaluated the influence of DJ‐1 deletion on the progression of atherosclerosis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We examine the expression of DJ‐1 in atherosclerotic plaques of human and mouse models which showed that DJ‐1 expression was significantly decreased in human plaques compared with that in healthy vessels. Consistent with this, the DJ‐1 levels were persistently reduced in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE−/− mice with the increasing time fed by western diet. Furthermore, exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to oxidized low‐density lipoprotein down‐regulated DJ‐1 in vitro. The canonical markers of plaque stability and VSMC phenotypes were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. DJ‐1 deficiency in Apoe−/− mice promoted the progression of atherosclerosis and exaggerated plaque instability. Moreover, isolated VSMCs from Apoe−/−DJ‐1−/− mice showed lower expression of contractile markers (α‐smooth muscle actin and calponin) and higher expression of synthetic indicators (osteopontin, vimentin and tropoelastin) and Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) by comparison with Apoe−/−DJ‐1+/+ mice. Furthermore, genetic inhibition of KLF4 counteracted the adverse effects of DJ‐1 deletion. Therefore, our results showed that DJ‐1 deletion caused phenotype switching of VSMCs and exacerbated atherosclerotic plaque instability in a KLF4‐dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang-Ling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wang W, Wang Y, Piao H, Li B, Zhu Z, Li D, Wang T, Liu K. Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals MicroRNA-193a-3p Regulates ACTG2 to Control Phenotype Switch in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Genet 2021; 11:572707. [PMID: 33510768 PMCID: PMC7835941 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.572707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is among the most fatal cardiovascular diseases. However, the pathogenesis of AD remains poorly understood. This study aims to integrate the microRNAs (miRNA) and mRNA profiles and use bioinformatics analyses with techniques in molecular biology to delineate the potential mechanisms involved in the development of AD. We used the human miRNA and mRNA microarray datasets GSE98770, GSE52093, and GEO2R, Venn diagram analysis, gene ontology, and protein–protein interaction networks to identify target miRNAs and mRNAs involved in AD. RNA interference, western blotting, and luciferase reporter assays were performed to validate the candidate miRNAs and mRNAs in AD tissues and human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, we studied vascular smooth muscle contraction in AD. In silico analyses revealed that miR-193a-3p and ACTG2 were key players in the pathogenesis of AD. miR-193a-3p was upregulated in the AD tissues. We also found that biomarkers for the contractile phenotype in VSMCs were downregulated in AD tissues. Overexpression and depletion of miR-193a-3p enhanced and suppressed VSMC proliferation and migration, respectively. Dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ACTG2 was a target of miR-193a-3p. ACTG2 was also downregulated in human AD tissues and VMSCs overexpressing miR-193a-3p. Taken together, miR-193a-3p may be a novel regulator of phenotypic switching in VSMCs and the miR-193a-3p/ACTG2 axis may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hulin Piao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiance Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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237
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Watson SR, Cooper KM, Liu P, Gharraee N, Du L, Han SM, Peña EA, Sutton MA, Eberth JF, Lessner SM. Diet alters age-related remodeling of aortic collagen in mice susceptible to atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H52-H65. [PMID: 33373275 PMCID: PMC7847077 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00420.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cells restructure extracellular matrix in response to aging or changes in mechanical loading. Here, we characterized collagen architecture during age-related aortic remodeling in atherosclerosis-prone mice. We hypothesized that changes in collagen fiber orientation reflect an altered balance between passive and active forces acting on the arterial wall. We examined two factors that can alter this balance, endothelial dysfunction and reduced smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility. Collagen fiber organization was visualized by second-harmonic generation microscopy in aortic adventitia of apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout (KO) mice at 6 wk and 6 mo of age on a chow diet and at 7.5 mo of age on a Western diet (WD), using image analysis to yield mean fiber orientation. Adventitial collagen fibers became significantly more longitudinally oriented with aging in apoE knockout mice on chow diet. Conversely, fibers became more circumferentially oriented with aging in mice on WD. Total collagen content increased significantly with age in mice fed WD. We compared expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholine-mediated nitric oxide release but found no evidence of endothelial dysfunction in older mice. Time-averaged volumetric blood flow in all groups showed no significant changes. Wire myography of aortic rings revealed decreases in active stress generation with age that were significantly exacerbated in WD mice. We conclude that the aorta displays a distinct remodeling response to atherogenic stimuli, indicated by altered collagen organization. Collagen reorganization can occur in the absence of altered hemodynamics and may represent an adaptive response to reduced active stress generation by vascular SMCs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The following major observations were made in this study: 1) aortic adventitial collagen fibers become more longitudinally oriented with aging in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a chow diet; 2) conversely, adventitial collagen fibers become more circumferentially oriented with aging in apoE knockout mice fed a high-fat diet; 3) adventitial collagen content increases significantly with age in mice on a high-fat diet; 4) these alterations in collagen organization occur largely in the absence of hemodynamic changes; and 5) circumferential reorientation of collagen is associated with decreased active force generation (contractility) in aged mice on a high-fat diet.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/physiopathology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Diet, Western
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibrillar Collagens/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Vascular Remodeling
- Vasoconstriction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana R Watson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kara M Cooper
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Piaomu Liu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Nazli Gharraee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Liya Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Savannah M Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edsel A Peña
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Michael A Sutton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - John F Eberth
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Susan M Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
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238
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Liu X, Pan Z. Store-Operated Calcium Entry in the Cardiovascular System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:303-333. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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239
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Cao F, Wu K, Zhu YZ, Bao ZW. Roles and Mechanisms of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Vascular Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:731273. [PMID: 34489872 PMCID: PMC8416540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.731273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is characterized by alterations in the constitutive properties and biological functions of the blood vessel wall. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are indispensability elements in the inner layer and the medial layer of the blood vessel wall, respectively. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, as a hypoglycemic agent, play a protective role in reversing vascular aging regardless of their effects in meliorating glycemic control in humans and animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through complex cellular mechanisms, including improving EC dysfunction, promoting EC proliferation and migration, alleviating EC senescence, obstructing EC apoptosis, suppressing the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels, and preventing the infiltration of mononuclear macrophages. All of these showed that DPP4 inhibitors may exert a positive effect against vascular aging, thereby preventing vascular aging-related diseases. In the current review, we will summarize the cellular mechanism of DPP4 inhibitors regulating vascular aging; moreover, we also intend to compile the roles and the promising therapeutic application of DPP4 inhibitors in vascular aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihua First People’s Hospital, Huaihua, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huaihua First People’s Hospital, Huaihua, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihua First People’s Hospital, Huaihua, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihua First People’s Hospital, Huaihua, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-Wu Bao,
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240
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Li W, Deng P, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang H. MiR-17 Knockdown Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation Through Upregulated Interferon Regulator Factor 9 Expression. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:1119-1126. [PMID: 32484213 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiR-17 is a small noncoding RNA that plays an important role in the development of tumorgenesis, which recently has emerged to be involved in regulation of inflammatory responses and angiogenesis. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of miR-17 on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation have not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS In the current study, we observed that miR-17 expression tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was downregulated in VSMCs administrated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB stimulation and carotid arteries subjected to wire injury, which were accompanied with decreased VSMC differentiation markers. Loss-of-function strategy demonstrated that miR-17 knockdown promoted VSMC phenotypic modulation characterized as decreased VSMC differentiation marker genes, increased proliferated and migrated capability of VSMC examined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Mechanistically, the bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-17 directly targeted Interferon Regulator Factor 9 (IRF9) and the upregulated IRF9 expression was responsible for the promoted effect miR-17 knockdown on VSMC phenotypic modulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-17 knockdown accelerated VSMC phenotypic modulation partially through directly targeting to IRF9, which suggested that miR-17 may act as a novel therapeutic target for intimal hyperplasia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital of Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Huming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
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241
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Wang L, Chennupati R, Jin YJ, Li R, Wang S, Günther S, Offermanns S. YAP/TAZ Are Required to Suppress Osteogenic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101860. [PMID: 33319178 PMCID: PMC7726335 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) represent the prevailing cell type of arterial vessels and are essential for blood vessel structure and homeostasis. They have substantial potential for phenotypic plasticity when exposed to various stimuli in their local microenvironment. How VSMCs maintain their differentiated contractile phenotype is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ play a critical role in maintaining the differentiated contractile phenotype of VSMCs. In the absence of YAP/TAZ, VSMCs lose their differentiated phenotype and undergo osteogenic differentiation, which results in vascular calcification. Osteogenic transdifferentiation was accompanied by the upregulation of Wnt target genes. The absence of YAP/TAZ in VSMCs led to Disheveled 3 (DVL3) nuclear translocation and upregulation of osteogenesis-associated genes independent of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Our data indicate that cytoplasmic YAP/TAZ interact with DVL3 to avoid its nuclear translocation and osteogenic differentiation, thereby maintaining the differentiated phenotype of VSMCs. YAP/TAZ play an important role in maintaining vascular SMCs contractile phenotype Loss of YAP/TAZ in vSMCs leads to reduced expression of smooth muscle marker genes Loss of YAP/TAZ in vSMCs results in reduced artery contractility Deficiency of YAP/TAZ in vSMCs leads to osteogenic transdifferentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Ramesh Chennupati
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Young-June Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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242
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Chen DB, Magness RR. Vascular smooth muscle cells during spiral artery remodeling in early human pregnancy†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:252-254. [PMID: 33300560 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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243
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Lim YH, Ryu J, Kook H, Kim YK. Identification of Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Differentiation and Survival of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:209-221. [PMID: 33230428 PMCID: PMC7515970 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been implicated in many pathophysiological cardiovascular processes, including vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis. However, the functional role of lncRNAs in the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is largely unknown. In this study, differentially expressed lncRNAs in synthetic and contractile human VSMCs were screened using RNA sequencing. Among the seven selected lncRNAs, the expression of MSC-AS1, MBNL1-AS1, and GAS6-AS2 was upregulated, whereas the expression of NR2F1-AS1, FUT8-AS1, FOXC2-AS1, and CTD-2207P18.2 was reduced upon VSMC differentiation. We focused on the NR2F1-AS1 and FOXC2-AS1 lncRNAs and showed that their knockdown significantly reduced the expression of smooth muscle contractile marker genes (ACTA2, CNN1, and TAGLN). Furthermore, FOXC2-AS1 was found to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis through Akt/mTOR signaling, and affect Notch signaling, which is a key regulator of the contractile phenotype of VSMCs. Taken together, we identified novel lncRNAs involved in VSMC proliferation and differentiation and FOXC2-AS1 as a multifunctional regulator for vascular homeostasis and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hwan Lim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Basic Research Laboratory for Vascular Remodeling Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
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244
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Ni YQ, Zhan JK, Liu YS. Roles and mechanisms of MFG-E8 in vascular aging-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101176. [PMID: 32971257 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the vasculature plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of various vascular aging-related diseases. As endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential parts in the inner and medial layers of vessel wall, respectively, the structural and functional alterations of ECs and VSMCs are the major causes of vascular aging. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a multifunctional glycoprotein which exerts a regulatory role in the intercellular interactions involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that MFG-E8 is a novel and outstanding modulator for vascular aging via targeting at ECs and VSMCs. In this review, we will summarise the cumulative roles and mechanisms of MFG-E8 in vascular aging and vascular aging-related diseases with special emphasis on the functions of ECs and VSMCs. In addition, we also aim to focus on the promising diagnostic function as a biomarker and the potential therapeutic application of MFG-E8 in vascular aging and the clinical evaluation of vascular aging-related diseases.
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245
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Bruijn LE, van den Akker BEWM, van Rhijn CM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017094. [PMID: 33190596 PMCID: PMC7763765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal cells are culprit factors in vascular (patho)physiology and are hallmarked by phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. At present, they are subdivided by classic umbrella terms, such as "fibroblasts," "myofibroblasts," "smooth muscle cells," "fibrocytes," "mesangial cells," and "pericytes." However, a discriminative marker-based subclassification has to date not been established. Methods and Results As a first effort toward a classification scheme, a systematic literature search was performed to identify the most commonly used phenotypical and functional protein markers for characterizing and classifying vascular mesenchymal cell subpopulation(s). We next applied immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to inventory the expression pattern of identified markers on human aorta specimens representing early, intermediate, and end stages of human atherosclerotic disease. Included markers comprise markers for mesenchymal lineage (vimentin, FSP-1 [fibroblast-specific protein-1]/S100A4, cluster of differentiation (CD) 90/thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and FAP [fibroblast activation protein]), contractile/non-contractile phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), and auxiliary contractile markers (h1-Calponin, h-Caldesmon, Desmin, SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22α], non-muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, Smoothelin-B, α-Tropomyosin, and Telokin) or adhesion proteins (Paxillin and Vinculin). Vimentin classified as the most inclusive lineage marker. Subset markers did not separate along classic lines of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast, or fibroblast, but showed clear temporal and spatial diversity. Strong indications were found for presence of stem cells/Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal cell Transition and fibrocytes in specific aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. Conclusions This systematic evaluation shows a highly diverse and dynamic landscape for the human vascular mesenchymal cell population that is not captured by the classic nomenclature. Our observations stress the need for a consensus multiparameter subclass designation along the lines of the cluster of differentiation classification for leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Bruijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Connie M. van Rhijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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246
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Lipophagy in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:208-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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247
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Li W, Yu J, Xiao X, Zang L, Yang Y, Yu J, Huang Q, Niu X, Li W. Imperatorin reduces the inflammatory response of atherosclerosis by regulating MAPKs signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107170. [PMID: 33218940 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis (AS). Inhibition of inflammation is an effective way to prevent AS. Imperatorin (IMP) is a kind of furan coumarin with various activities. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of IMP was explored in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced VSMCs and high fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE-/- mice. The results showed that IMP attenuated the elevation of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and NO induced by ox-LDL in supernatant of VSMCs. IMP has normalized the levels of serum lipids (TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C) and attenuated inflammatory cytokines in serum. IMP also improved pathological changes and lipid accumulation in aorta. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in aorta was down-regulated by IMP. IMP could inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPKs pathway in the aorta and VSMCs, resulting in a significant decrease in the contents of p-ERK 1/2, p-JNK and p-P38. Overall, IMP could exert anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro to interfere with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Lulu Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; Key Laboratory of Material Basis Analysis of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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248
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Ma Y, Yu X, Zhang L, Liu J, Shao X, Li YX, Wang YL. Uterine decidual niche modulates the progressive dedifferentiation of spiral artery vascular smooth muscle cells during human pregnancy†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:624-637. [PMID: 33336235 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine spiral artery (SPA) remodeling is a crucial event during pregnancy to provide enough blood supply to maternal-fetal interface and meet the demands of the growing fetus. Along this process, the dynamic change and the fate of spiral artery vascular smooth muscle cells (SPA-VSMCs) have long been debatable. In the present study, we analyzed the cell features of SPA-VSMCs at different stages of vascular remodeling in human early pregnancy, and we demonstrated the progressively morphological change of SPA-VSMCs at un-remodeled (Un-Rem), remodeling, and fully remodeled (Fully-Rem) stages, indicating the extravillous trophoblast (EVT)-independent and EVT-dependent phases of SPA-VSMC dedifferentiation. In vitro experiments in VSMC cell line revealed the efficient roles of decidual stromal cells, decidual natural killer cells (dNK), decidual macrophages, and EVTs in inducing VSMCs dedifferentiation. Importantly, the potential transformation of VSMC toward CD56+ dNKs was displayed by immunofluorescence-DNA in-situ hybridization-proximity ligation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays for H3K4dime modification in the myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) promoter region. The findings clearly illustrate a cascade regulation of the progressive dedifferentiation of SPA-VSMCs by multiple cell types in uterine decidual niche and provide new evidences to reveal the destination of SPA-VSMCs during vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hulsmans M, Nahrendorf M. Proliferative, degradative smooth muscle cells promote aortic disease. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1096-1098. [PMID: 32039919 DOI: 10.1172/jci134019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysms are common in the abdominal and thoracic regions of the aorta and can cause death due to dissection or rupture. Traditionally, thoracic aortic aneurysms have been labeled as a degenerative disease, characterized by alterations in extracellular matrix and loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the medial layer of the aortic wall. In this issue of the JCI, Li and colleagues introduce an unconventional concept by demonstrating that mTOR-dependent proliferative SMCs render the aortic wall vulnerable to dilatation and dissection rather than prevent disease progression. These vascular SMCs, termed degradative SMCs, compromise the medial properties and function of the aortic wall by enhanced proteolytic and phagocytic activity; however, the cells do not transdifferentiate into macrophages. The degradative SMC phenotype also worsens atherosclerotic disease and could thus be considered as a therapeutic target for diverse aortic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, and.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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250
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Liu Y, Dai C, Lei Y, Wu W, Liu W. Inhibition of EZH2 attenuates coronary heart disease by interacting with microRNA-22 to regulate the TXNIP/nuclear factor-κB pathway. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2038-2050. [PMID: 33026112 DOI: 10.1113/ep088881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The relevance of microRNA-22 (miR-22) has been indicated in coronary heart disease (CHD). How does it exert a protective role in CHD? What is the main finding and its importance? EZH2 inhibited transcription of the miR-22 promoter, thus modulating cell proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to induce CHD. ABSTRACT MicroRNA-22 (miR-22) was indicated to modulate cell proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under exposure to environmental toxicants. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of miR-22 in the mediation of HUVEC and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function, hence in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). miR-22 expression was reduced in serum of CHD patients. Restoration of miR-22 decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs and increased apoptotic cells and inflammatory factors. In contrast, upregulation of miR-22 led to opposite trends in HUVECs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays validated that enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) inhibited transcription of miR-22 promoter. EZH2, overexpressed in serum from CHD patients, diminished VSMC apoptosis, but facilitated HUVEC apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was a new direct target of miR-22. Overexpression of TXNIP blocked the function of miR-22 in HUVECs and VSMCs. Taken together, these findings will shed light on the role and mechanism of EZH2 in viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis via the miR-22/TXNIP axis in VSMCs and HUVECs, which might provide new insights into the treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shangdong, PR China
| | - Chuanzhong Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shangdong, PR China
| | - Yuping Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shangdong, PR China
| | - Wenzhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shangdong, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shangdong, PR China
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