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Katsirma Z, Dimidi E, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Whelan K. Fruits and their impact on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation. Food Funct 2021; 12:8850-8866. [PMID: 34505614 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are the seed-bearing product of plants and have considerable nutritional importance in the human diet. The consumption of fruits is among the dietary strategies recommended for constipation due to its potential effects on the gut microbiota and gut motility. Dietary fiber from fruits has been the subject of research on the impact on gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation, however, fruits also contain other components that impact the intestinal luminal environment that may impact these outcomes including sorbitol and (poly)phenols. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of fruits and fruit products on the gut microbiota, gut motility and constipation, with a focus on fiber, sorbitol and (poly)phenols. In vitro, animal and human studies investigating the effects of fruits on gut motility and gut microbiota were sought through electronic database searches, hand searching and consulting with experts. Various fruits have been shown to modify the microbiota in human studies including blueberry powder (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria), prunes (bifidobacteria), kiwi fruit (Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and raisins (Ruminococcus, F. prausnitzii). Prunes, raisins and apple fiber isolate have been shown to increase fecal weight in humans, whilst kiwifruit to increase small bowel and fecal water content. Apple fiber isolate, kiwifruit, fig paste, and orange extract have been shown to reduce gut transit time, while prunes have not. There is limited evidence on which fruit components play a predominant role in regulating gut motility and constipation, or whether a synergy of multiple components is responsible for such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Katsirma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
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202
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Condezo-Hoyos L, Gazi C, Pérez-Jiménez J. Design of polyphenol-rich diets in clinical trials: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110655. [PMID: 34600657 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most randomized clinical trials of polyphenols focus on individual foods. Nevertheless, due to their presence in many foods and in order to reflect a real situation, clinical trials based on polyphenol-rich diets are particularly important. This systematic review explores the characteristics of the polyphenol-rich diets used in intervention studies. The bibliography search for English-language scientific papers was performed in the Elsevier Scopus Database and PUBMED in March 2020, and focused on intervention studies with whole polyphenol-rich diets, establishing several exclusion criteria. In studies fulfilling the requirements, information on the design of the polyphenol-rich diet and associated polyphenol intake was extracted and compared. A total of 5 studies were selected. Among them, substantial differences were found in the design of the polyphenol-rich diets, regarding specific instructions and concerning the foods provided. Similarly, although a median daily polyphenol intake of 2,564 mg/day (17,945 mg/week) was obtained from the studies, which corresponds to a nutritional dose, intake values varied widely both for total polyphenols (the difference between studies reached threefold), and for individual polyphenol intake (for hydroxycinnamic acids, a tenfold difference was found between percentile 25 and percentile 75 values). These differences made the comparison of results difficult and may affected the observed health effects. Thus, despite the relevance of studying polyphenol-rich diets as a whole, this systematic review found substantial differences between the studies performed, making direct comparisons difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Condezo-Hoyos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Innovative Technology, Food and Health Research Group, La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Christina Gazi
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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203
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Penicillium expansum Impact and Patulin Accumulation on Conventional and Traditional Apple Cultivars. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100703. [PMID: 34678996 PMCID: PMC8541162 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium expansum is a necrotrophic plant pathogen among the most ubiquitous fungi disseminated worldwide. It causes blue mould rot in apples during storage, transport and sale, threatening human health by secreting patulin, a toxic secondary metabolite that contaminates apples and apple-derived products. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of sufficient data regarding the resistance of different apple cultivars to P. expansum, especially ancient ones, which showed to possess certain resistance to plant diseases. In this work, we investigated the polyphenol profile of 12 traditional and 8 conventional apple cultivar and their resistance to P. expansum CBS 325.48. Eight polyphenolic compounds were detected; the most prominent were catechin, epicatechin and gallic acid. The highest content of catechin was detected in ‘Apistar’—91.26 mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW), epicatechin in ‘Bobovac’—67.00 mg/100 g of FW, and gallic acid in ‘Bobovac’ and ‘Kraljevčica’—8.35 and 7.40 mg/100 g of FW, respectively. The highest content of patulin was detected in ‘Kraljevčica’ followed by ‘Apistar’—1687 and 1435 µg/kg, respectively. In apple cultivars ‘Brčko’, ‘Adamčica’ and ‘Idared’, patulin was not detected. Furthermore, the patulin content was positively correlated with gallic acid (r = 0.4226; p = 0.002), catechin (r = 0.3717; p = 0.008) and epicatechin (r = 0.3305; p = 0.019). This fact indicates that higher contents of gallic acid, catechin and epicatechin negatively affected and boost patulin concentration in examined apple cultivars. This can be related to the prooxidant activity of polyphenolic compounds and sensitivity of P. expansum to the disturbance of oxidative status.
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204
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Azad I, Khan T, Maurya AK, Irfan Azad M, Mishra N, Alanazi AM. Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 inhibitors through in silico structure-based virtual screening and molecular interaction studies. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2918. [PMID: 34132436 PMCID: PMC8420533 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 has caused a worldwide pandemic. The fatal virus has affected the health of human beings as well as the socio-economic situation all over the world. To date, no concrete medicinal solution has been proposed to combat the viral infection, calling for an urgent, strategic, and cost-effective drug development approach that may be achievable by applying targeted computational and virtual screening protocols. Immunity is the body's natural defense against disease-causing pathogens, which can be boosted by consuming plant-based or natural food products. Active constituents derived from natural sources also scavenge the free radicals and have anti-inflammatory activities. Herbs and spices have been used for various medicinal purposes. In this study, 2,96 365 natural and synthetic derivatives (ligands) belonging to 102 classes of compounds were obtained from PubChem and assessed on Lipinski's parameters for their potential bioavailability. Out of all the derivatives, 3254 obeyed Lipinski's rule and were virtually screened. The 115 top derivatives were docked against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-HKV1 main proteases (Mpro s) as receptors using AutoDock Vina, AutoDock, and iGEMDOCK 2.1. The lowest binding energy was exhibited by ligands 2 and 6 against all the four Mpro s. The molecular dynamic simulation was also performed with ligand 6 using the GROMACS package. Good bioactivity scores, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profile and drug-like pharmacokinetic parameters were also obtained. Hydroxychloroquine was used as the control drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Azad
- Department of ChemistryIntegral UniversityLucknowIndia
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of ChemistryIntegral UniversityLucknowIndia
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Applied SciencesIndian Institute of Information Technology AllahabadPrayagrajIndia
| | | | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Applied SciencesIndian Institute of Information Technology AllahabadPrayagrajIndia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryCollege of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
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205
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206
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Behl T, Kumar K, Singh S, Sehgal A, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Buhas C, Teodora Judea-Pusta C, Negrut N, Alexandru Munteanu M, Brisc C, Bungau S. Unveiling the role of polyphenols in diabetic retinopathy. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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207
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Tolmie M, Bester MJ, Apostolides Z. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by herbal compounds for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A validation of in silico reverse docking with in vitro enzyme assays. J Diabetes 2021; 13:779-791. [PMID: 33550683 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Amylase and α-glucosidase are important therapeutic targets for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The inhibition of these enzymes decreases postprandial hyperglycemia. In the present study, compounds found in commercially available herbs and spices were tested for their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase. These compounds were acetyleugenol, apigenin, cinnamic acid, eriodictyol, myrcene, piperine, and rosmarinic acid. METHODS The enzyme inhibitory nature of the compounds was evaluated using in silico docking analysis with Maestro software and was further confirmed by in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase biochemical assays. RESULTS The relationships between the in silico and in vitro results were well correlated; a more negative docking score was associated with a higher in vitro inhibitory activity. There was no significant (P > .05) difference between the inhibition constant (Ki ) value of acarbose, a widely prescribed α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor, and those of apigenin, eriodictyol, and piperine. For α-amylase, there was no significant (P > .05) difference between the Ki value of acarbose and those of apigenin, cinnamic acid, and rosmarinic acid. The effect of the herbal compounds on cell viability was assessed with the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in C2C12 and HepG2 cells. Acetyleugenol, cinnamic acid, myrcene, piperine, and rosmarinic acid had similar (P > .05) IC50 values to acarbose. CONCLUSIONS Several of the herbal compounds studied could regulate postprandial hyperglycemia. Using herbal plants has several advantages including low cost, natural origin, and easy cultivation. These compounds can easily be consumed as teas or as herbs and spices to flavor food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morné Tolmie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Megan Jean Bester
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Zeno Apostolides
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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208
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Wu Y, Pegan SD, Crich D, Desrochers E, Starling EB, Hansen MC, Booth C, Nicole Mullininx L, Lou L, Chang KY, Xie ZR. Polyphenols as alternative treatments of COVID-19. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5371-5380. [PMID: 34567475 PMCID: PMC8452152 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although scientists around the world have put lots of effort into the development of new treatments for COVID-19 since the outbreak, no drugs except Veklury (remdesivir) have been approved by FDA. There is an urgent need to discover some alternative antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Because polyphenols have been shown to possess antiviral activities, here we conducted a large-scale virtual screening for more than 400 polyphenols. Several lead compounds such as Petunidin 3-O-(6″-p-coumaroyl-glucoside) were identified to have promising binding affinities and convincing binding mechanisms. Analyzing the docking results and ADME properties sheds light on the potential efficacy of the top-ranked drug candidates and pinpoints the key residues on the target proteins for the future of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Scott D Pegan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences., School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Ellison Desrochers
- Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Edward B Starling
- Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Madelyn C Hansen
- Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Carson Booth
- Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | | | - Lei Lou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Kuan Y Chang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhong-Ru Xie
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
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209
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Nuts: Natural Pleiotropic Nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093269. [PMID: 34579146 PMCID: PMC8468443 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Common nuts (tree nuts and peanuts) are energy-dense foods that nature has gifted with a complex matrix of beneficial nutrients and bioactives, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, high-quality protein, fiber, non-sodium minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and antioxidant phenolics. These nut components synergize to favorably influence metabolic and vascular physiology pathways, ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors and improve cardiovascular prognosis. There is increasing evidence that nuts positively impact myriad other health outcomes as well. Nut consumption is correlated with lower cancer incidence and cancer mortality, and decreased all-cause mortality. Favorable effects on cognitive function and depression have also been reported. Randomized controlled trials consistently show nuts have a cholesterol-lowering effect. Nut consumption also confers modest improvements on glycemic control, blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, and inflammation. Although nuts are energy-dense foods, they do not predispose to obesity, and in fact may even help in weight loss. Tree nuts and peanuts, but not peanut butter, generally produce similar positive effects on outcomes. First level evidence from the PREDIMED trial shows that, in the context of a Mediterranean diet, consumption of 30 g/d of nuts (walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts) significantly lowered the risk of a composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease) by ≈30% after intervention for 5 y. Impressively, the nut-supplemented diet reduced stroke risk by 45%. As they are rich in salutary bioactive compounds and beneficially impact various health outcomes, nuts can be considered natural pleiotropic nutraceuticals.
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210
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The Role of Polyphenols in Regulation of Heat Shock Proteins and Gut Microbiota in Weaning Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6676444. [PMID: 34531940 PMCID: PMC8440081 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6676444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is the natural residents of the intestinal ecosystem which display multiple functions that provide beneficial effects on host physiology. Disturbances in gut microbiota in weaning stress are regulated by the immune system and oxidative stress-related protein pathways. Weaning stress also alters gut microbiota response, limits digestibility, and influences animal productive performance through the production of inflammatory molecules. Heat shock proteins are the molecular chaperones that perform array functions from physiological to pathological point of view and remodeling cellular stress response. As it is involved in the defense mechanism, polyphenols ensure cellular tolerance against enormous stimuli. Polyphenols are nature-blessed compounds that show their existence in plenty of amounts. Due to their wider availability and popularity, they can exert strong immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Their promising health-promoting effects have been demonstrated in different cellular and animal studies. Dietary interventions with polyphenols may alter the gut microbiome response and attenuate the weaning stress related to inflammation. Further, polyphenols elicit health-favored effects through ameliorating inflammatory processes to improve digestibility and thereby exert a protective effect on animal production. Here, in this article, we will expand the role of dietary polyphenol intervention strategies in weaning stress which perturbs gut microbiota function and also paid emphasis to heat shock proteins in gut health. This review article gives new direction to the feed industry to formulate diet containing polyphenols which would have a significant impact on animal health.
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211
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Sterneder S, Stoeger V, Dugulin CA, Liszt KI, Di Pizio A, Korntheuer K, Dunkel A, Eder R, Ley JP, Somoza V. Astringent Gallic Acid in Red Wine Regulates Mechanisms of Gastric Acid Secretion via Activation of Bitter Taste Sensing Receptor TAS2R4. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10550-10561. [PMID: 34460245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Red wine is rich in phenolic compounds, which chiefly determine its characteristic taste. One of its major phenolic acid constituents for which an astringency, yet no clear contribution to bitter taste has been reported, is gallic acid (GA). In previous studies, we have demonstrated bitter-tasting constituents to regulate cellular proton secretion (PS) as a key mechanism of gastric acid secretion via activation of bitter taste sensing receptors (TAS2Rs). Here, we hypothesized a contributing role of GA to the red wine-stimulated effect on PS in human gastric tumor cells (HGT-1 cells). Sensory analyses revealed that 10 μM GA as the lowest concentration tested more bitter than tap water, with increasing bitter ratings up to 1000 μM. In HGT-1 cells, the concentration of 10 μM GA evoked the most pronounced effect on PS secretion, either when added to cells as in-water solution or when spiked to a red wine matrix. GA-spiking of Zweigelt and Blaufränkisch red wine samples up to a concentration of 10 μM resulted in an equally stimulated PS, whereas the non-GA-spiked wine samples demonstrated contrary effects on PS, indicating a functional role of GA on PS. Involvement of TAS2R4 in the GA-induced PS was verified by means of an HGT-1 homozygote CRISPR-Cas9 TAS2R4 knockout approach. Moreover, gene expression analyses revealed GA to increase TAS2R4. These results demonstrate a functional role of TAS2R4 in GA-evoked PS as a key mechanism of gastric acid secretion aiding digestion. Moreover, our data provide mechanistic insights, which will help to produce stomach-friendly red wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sterneder
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Verena Stoeger
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Celina Angela Dugulin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Kathrin Ingrid Liszt
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karin Korntheuer
- Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Reinhard Eder
- Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Jakob Peter Ley
- Research & Technology Flavors Division, Symrise AG, 37603 Holzminden, Germany
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), Vienna 1090, Austria
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Nutritional Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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212
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Prunus avium L. (Sweet Cherry) By-Products: A Source of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Properties—A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prunus avium L. (sweet cherry) is one of the most appreciated fruit due to its organoleptic and nutritional value. Interestingly, cherry leaves, stems, and flowers are agri-food by-products rich in bioactive compounds that are mostly still unexploited. Stems and leaves have been used in folk medicine since ancient times. Recently, cherry flowers have also proved to be an interesting source of compounds with therapeutic properties. Phenolic compounds, namely hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, are the most present phytochemicals in P. avium fruits and their by-products. These compounds have shown a good antioxidant potential to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases and glycemic control, fundamental in preventing and controlling diabetes mellitus. The present review summarizes the main phenolics found in P. avium stems, leaves, and flowers as compared to their fruits and describes their antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Thus, these by-products are an accessible and low-cost source of bioactive constituents with interesting health-promoting properties, making their use promising in diabetes therapy.
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213
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Gut Microbiome, Functional Food, Atherosclerosis, and Vascular Calcifications-Is There a Missing Link? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091913. [PMID: 34576810 PMCID: PMC8472650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is represented by the genome of all microorganisms (symbiotic, potential pathogens, or pathogens) residing in the intestine. These ecological communities are involved in almost all metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases are not excluded. Atherosclerosis, with a continuously increasing incidence in recent years, is the leading cause of coronary heart disease and stroke by plaque rupture and intraplaque hemorrhage. Vascular calcification, a process very much alike with osteogenesis, is considered to be a marker of advanced atherosclerosis. New evidence, suggesting the role of dietary intake influence on the diversity of the gut microbiome in the development of vascular calcifications, is highly debated. Gut microbiota can metabolize choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine and produce vasculotoxic metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a proatherogenic metabolite. This review article aims to discuss the latest research about how probiotics and the correction of diet is impacting the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the atherosclerotic process and vascular calcification. Further studies could create the premises for interventions in the microbiome as future primary tools in the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque and vascular calcifications.
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214
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Pop TD, Diaconeasa Z. Recent Advances in Phenolic Metabolites and Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9707. [PMID: 34575899 PMCID: PMC8471058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer represents any tumor development from the cutaneous structures within the epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous tissue, and is considered to be the most prevalent type of cancer. Compared to other types of cancer, skin cancer is proven to have a positive growth rate of prevalence and mortality. There are available various treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, but because of the multidrug resistance development, a low success has been registered. By this, the importance of studying naturally occurring compounds that are both safe and effective in the chemoprevention of skin cancer is emphasized. This review focuses on melanoma because it is the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a significantly increasing incidence in the last decades. As chemopreventive agents, we present polyphenols and their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, their ability to balance the cell cycle and to induce apoptosis and their various other effects on skin melanoma. Besides chemoprevention, studies suggest that polyphenols can have treating abilities in some conditions. The limitations of using polyphenols are also pointed out, which are related to their poor bioavailability and stability, but as the technology is well developed, it is possible to augment the efficacy of polyphenols in the case of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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215
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Hofer SJ, Davinelli S, Bergmann M, Scapagnini G, Madeo F. Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Nutrition and Clinical Trials. Front Nutr 2021; 8:717343. [PMID: 34552954 PMCID: PMC8450594 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.717343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human diet and dietary patterns are closely linked to the health status. High-calorie Western-style diets have increasingly come under scrutiny as their caloric load and composition contribute to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. On the other hand, calorie-reduced and health-promoting diets have shown promising results in maintaining health and reducing disease burden throughout aging. More recently, pharmacological Caloric Restriction Mimetics (CRMs) have gained interest of the public and scientific community as promising candidates that mimic some of the myriad of effects induced by caloric restriction. Importantly, many of the CRM candidates activate autophagy, prolong life- and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorate diverse disease symptoms without the need to cut calories. Among others, glycolytic inhibitors (e.g., D-allulose, D-glucosamine), hydroxycitric acid, NAD+ precursors, polyamines (e.g., spermidine), polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, dimethoxychalcones, curcumin, EGCG, quercetin) and salicylic acid qualify as CRM candidates, which are naturally available via foods and beverages. However, it is yet unclear how these bioactive substances contribute to the benefits of healthy diets. In this review, we thus discuss dietary sources, availability and intake levels of dietary CRMs. Finally, since translational research on CRMs has entered the clinical stage, we provide a summary of their effects in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J. Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Effects of Dietary Red Raspberry Consumption on Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Parameters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179364. [PMID: 34501954 PMCID: PMC8431376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by glucose clearance abnormalities and insufficient insulin response. Left uncontrolled, T2DM can result in serious complications and death. With no cure available currently and the prevalence of major risk factors such as pre-diabetes and the metabolic syndrome continuously increasing, there is an urgent need for effective treatments with limited or no side effects. Red raspberries (RR) contain various phytonutrients with potential for modulating insulin function, glucose, and lipid metabolism. The objective of this literature review was to investigate the potential metabolic benefits of dietary RR in individuals with T2DM and pre-diabetes. A search of major scientific databases was employed to identify peer-reviewed, in vivo, or human studies that utilized whole RR or its functional constituents as treatment. The studies examined provide evidence that RR may offer clinically beneficial effects for the prevention and management of chronic diseases through improvements in glucose handling and insulin sensitivity, adiposity, lipid profiles, ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac health. More human trials and in vivo studies are needed to confirm the benefits of dietary RR in T2DM and pre-diabetes and to explore the dose-dependent relationships, optimal duration, and treatment modality.
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217
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Ziyatdinova G, Yakupova E, Davletshin R. Voltammetric Determination of Hesperidin on the Electrode Modified with SnO
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Nanoparticles and Surfactants. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guzel Ziyatdinova
- Analytical Chemistry Department, A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyevskaya, 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Elvira Yakupova
- Analytical Chemistry Department, A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyevskaya, 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Rustam Davletshin
- Department of High Molecular and Organoelement Compounds, A.M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyevskaya, 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
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218
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Magaña AA, Kamimura N, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1299-1319. [PMID: 34171156 PMCID: PMC9084498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are specialized plant metabolites we encounter in our daily life. Humans consume CQAs in mg-to-gram quantities through dietary consumption of plant products. CQAs are considered beneficial for human health, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, new biosynthetic pathways via a peroxidase-type p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase enzyme were discovered. More recently, a new GDSL lipase-like enzyme able to transform monoCQAs into diCQA was identified in Ipomoea batatas. CQAs were recently linked to memory improvement; they seem to be strong indirect antioxidants via Nrf2 activation. However, there is a prevalent confusion in the designation and nomenclature of different CQA isomers. Such inconsistencies are critical and complicate bioactivity assessment since different isomers differ in bioactivity and potency. A detailed explanation regarding the origin of such confusion is provided, and a recommendation to unify nomenclature is suggested. Furthermore, for studies on CQA bioactivity, plant-based laboratory animal diets contain CQAs, which makes it difficult to include proper control groups for comparison. Therefore, a synthetic diet free of CQAs is advised to avoid interferences since some CQAs may produce bioactivity even at nanomolar levels. Biotransformation of CQAs by gut microbiota, the discovery of new enzymatic biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, dietary assessment, and assessment of biological properties with potential for drug development are areas of active, ongoing research. This review is focused on the chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity recently reported for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraCQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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219
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Knezevic S, Ghafoor A, Mehri S, Barazi A, Dziura M, Trant JF, Dieni CA. Catechin and other catechol-containing secondary metabolites: Bacterial biotransformation and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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220
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Sefrina LR, Briawan D, Sinaga T, Permaesih D. Flavonoid Database Based on Indonesian Foods. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:S251-S255. [PMID: 33612606 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.s251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prevalence of NCDs (Non-communicable Diseases) was increasing in Indonesia. The antioxidants have been known as a potential nutrient that prevent and reduce the risk of the NCDs. Flavonoid is the most abundant antioxidant in plant-source diet and commonly consumed in Indonesia. In other side, there was not a flavonoid database based on various Indonesian foods. The aim of this study was to build a flavonoid database based on Indonesian foods. METHODS The selected food items used food items of Indonesian Total Diet Survey 2014 (SDT 2014). We did not determine the flavonoids contents in the laboratories, we compiled its content by using the United States Department of Agriculture Database and related refferences. The estimation for calculating flavonoid content used USDA Database technique. The total flavonoid content for each food items were summarized into six flavonoid subclasses (anthocyanidine, flavan-3-ols, flavanone, flavone, flavonols, dan isoflavone). The total flavonoid content was presented by mg/100 gram of each food items. RESULTS There were 13 food groups and 1,203 food items in this database. There were 654 food items had flavonoid content. The highest mean of flavonoid content was legumes (45.36 mg/100 g). The vegetables and products were the food group with the most foods containing flavonoid (120 food items). CONCLUSION There were 654 food items in Indonesian foods contained flavonoid. The highest mean of flavonoid content were legumes. This findings can provide valuable information for Indonesian people to increase dietary flavonoid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dodik Briawan
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University
| | - Tiurma Sinaga
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University
| | - Dewi Permaesih
- National Institute of Health Research and Development, Health Ministry
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221
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Consumption of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract Improves Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Non-Resistance Trained Men and Women: A Double-Blind Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082875. [PMID: 34445035 PMCID: PMC8399782 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blackcurrant is rich in anthocyanins that may protect against exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and facilitate a faster recovery of muscle function. We examined the effects of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on indices of muscle damage and recovery following a bout of strenuous isokinetic resistance exercise. Methods: Using a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, parallel design, twenty-seven healthy participants received either a 3 g·day−1 NZBC extract (n = 14) or the placebo (PLA) (n = 13) for 8 days prior to and 4 days following 60 strenuous concentric and eccentric contractions of the biceps brachii muscle on an isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle soreness (using a visual analogue scale), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), range of motion (ROM) and blood creatine kinase (CK) were assessed before (0 h) and after (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) exercise. Results: Consumption of NZBC extract resulted in faster recovery of baseline MVC (p = 0.04), attenuated muscle soreness at 24 h (NZBC: 21 ± 10 mm vs. PLA: 40 ± 23 mm, p = 0.02) and 48 h (NZBC: 22 ± 17 vs. PLA: 44 ± 26 mm, p = 0.03) and serum CK concentration at 96 h (NZBC: 635 ± 921 UL vs. PLA: 4021 ± 4319 UL, p = 0.04) following EIMD. Conclusions: Consumption of NZBC extract prior to and following a bout of eccentric exercise attenuates muscle damage and improves functional recovery. These findings are of practical importance in recreationally active and potentially athletic populations, who may benefit from accelerated recovery following EIMD.
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between polyphenol intake and the risk of chronic diseases. However, the lack of comprehensive data on population-level intakes, especially in Latin American countries, has limited research on this topic. We aimed to estimate total and individual polyphenol intakes and determine the major dietary contributors in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey, a cross-sectional survey which included data on individual food intake of 34 003 subjects aged 10 years and over collected using two 24-h dietary records. Polyphenol content of foods was identified using the Phenol-Explorer database and Brazilian Food Composition Database. Total and individual polyphenol intake was calculated, as well as the intake distribution by socio-demographic factors. The median and 25-75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 364·3 and 200·9-1008 mg/d, respectively. After energy adjustment, the median and 25-75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 204 and 111·4-542·1 mg/1000 kcal/d (4184 kJ/d), respectively. Non-alcoholic beverages and fruits were the major polyphenol suppliers, and coffee and orange juice the main individual food contributors to polyphenol intake. The individual compounds most consumed were isomers of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid), naringenin and hesperetin. The present study provides, for the first time, data on dietary intake of total and individual polyphenols by the Brazilian population and illustrates the low quality of their diet. These results will facilitate the study of associations between polyphenol class intake and health outcomes, and will also be useful for future dietary intake recommendations.
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223
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Boronat A, Rodriguez-Morató J, Serreli G, Fitó M, Tyndale RF, Deiana M, de la Torre R. Contribution of Biotransformations Carried Out by the Microbiota, Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, and Transport Proteins to the Biological Activities of Phytochemicals Found in the Diet. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2172-2189. [PMID: 34388248 PMCID: PMC8634308 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of dietary phytochemicals has been associated with several health benefits and relevant biological activities. It is postulated that biotransformations of these compounds regulated by the microbiota, Phase I/II reactions, transport proteins, and deconjugating enzymes contribute not only to their metabolic clearance but also, in some cases, to their bioactivation. A number of factors (age, genetics, sex, physiopathological conditions, and the interplay with other dietary phytochemicals) modulating metabolic activities are important sources and contributors to the interindividual variability observed in clinical studies evaluating the biological activities of phytochemicals. In this review, we discuss all the processes that can affect the bioaccessibility and beneficial effects of these bioactive compounds. Herein, we argue that the role of these factors must be further studied to correctly understand and predict the effects observed following the intake of phytochemicals. This is, in particular, with regard to in vitro investigations, which have shown great inconsistency with preclinical and clinical studies. The complexity of in vivo metabolic activity and biotransformation should therefore be considered in the interpretation of results in vitro and their translation to human physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain,Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (UPF-CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Pathology Section, Experimental Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Montserrato, Italy
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (CAMH), Toronto, Canada,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Science, Pathology Section, Experimental Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Montserrato, Italy
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224
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Theofylaktou D, Takan I, Karakülah G, Biz GM, Zanni V, Pavlopoulou A, Georgakilas AG. Mining Natural Products with Anticancer Biological Activity through a Systems Biology Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9993518. [PMID: 34422220 PMCID: PMC8376429 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9993518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural products, like turmeric, are considered powerful antioxidants which exhibit tumor-inhibiting activity and chemoradioprotective properties. Nowadays, there is a great demand for developing novel, affordable, efficacious, and effective anticancer drugs from natural resources. In the present study, we have employed a stringent in silico methodology to mine and finally propose a number of natural products, retrieved from the biomedical literature. Our main target was the systematic search of anticancer products as anticancer agents compatible to the human organism for future use. In this case and due to the great plethora of such products, we have followed stringent bioinformatics methodologies. Our results taken together suggest that natural products of a great diverse may exert cytotoxic effects in a maximum of the studied cancer cell lines. These natural compounds and active ingredients could possibly be combined to exert potential chemopreventive effects. Furthermore, in order to substantiate our findings and their application potency at a systems biology level, we have developed a representative, user-friendly, publicly accessible biodatabase, NaturaProDB, containing the retrieved natural resources, their active ingredients/fractional mixtures, the types of cancers that they affect, and the corresponding experimentally verified target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysia Theofylaktou
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökay Mehmet Biz
- Department of Technical Programs, Izmir Vocational School, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vaso Zanni
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece
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225
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Blasco T, Pérez-Burillo S, Balzerani F, Hinojosa-Nogueira D, Lerma-Aguilera A, Pastoriza S, Cendoya X, Rubio Á, Gosalbes MJ, Jiménez-Hernández N, Pilar Francino M, Apaolaza I, Rufián-Henares JÁ, Planes FJ. An extended reconstruction of human gut microbiota metabolism of dietary compounds. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4728. [PMID: 34354065 PMCID: PMC8342455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how diet and gut microbiota interact in the context of human health is a key question in personalized nutrition. Genome-scale metabolic networks and constraint-based modeling approaches are promising to systematically address this complex problem. However, when applied to nutritional questions, a major issue in existing reconstructions is the limited information about compounds in the diet that are metabolized by the gut microbiota. Here, we present AGREDA, an extended reconstruction of diet metabolism in the human gut microbiota. AGREDA adds the degradation pathways of 209 compounds present in the human diet, mainly phenolic compounds, a family of metabolites highly relevant for human health and nutrition. We show that AGREDA outperforms existing reconstructions in predicting diet-specific output metabolites from the gut microbiota. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data of faecal samples from Spanish children representing different clinical conditions, we illustrate the potential of AGREDA to establish relevant metabolic interactions between diet and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telmo Blasco
- Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sergio Pérez-Burillo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesco Balzerani
- Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Lerma-Aguilera
- Área de Genòmica i Salut, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Pastoriza
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Xabier Cendoya
- Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ángel Rubio
- Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Área de Genòmica i Salut, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Jiménez-Hernández
- Área de Genòmica i Salut, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Francino
- Área de Genòmica i Salut, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana-Salud Pública, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iñigo Apaolaza
- Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - José Ángel Rufián-Henares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Planes
- Tecnun, University of Navarra, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
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226
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Londoño C, Cayssials V, de Villasante I, Crous-Bou M, Scalbert A, Weiderpass E, Agudo A, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Katzke V, Schulze M, Palli D, Krogh V, Santucci de Magistris M, Tumino R, Ricceri F, Gram IT, Rylander C, Skeie G, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Sartor H, Sonestedt E, Esberg A, Idahl A, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Laouali N, Kvaskoff M, Turzanski-Fortner R, Zamora-Ros R. Polyphenol Intake and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1249. [PMID: 34439497 PMCID: PMC8389235 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite some epidemiological evidence on the protective effects of polyphenol intake on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk from case-control studies, the evidence is scarce from prospective studies and non-existent for several polyphenol classes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between the intake of total, classes and subclasses of polyphenols and EOC risk in a large prospective study. The study was conducted in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, which included 309,129 adult women recruited mostly from the general population. Polyphenol intake was assessed through validated country-specific dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 1469 first incident EOC cases (including 806 serous, 129 endometrioid, 102 mucinous, and 67 clear cell tumours) were identified. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, the hazard ratio in the highest quartile of total polyphenol intake compared with the lowest quartile (HRQ4vsQ1) was 1.14 (95% CI 0.94-1.39; p-trend = 0.11). Similarly, the intake of most classes and subclasses of polyphenols were not related to either overall EOC risk or any EOC subtype. A borderline statistically significant positive association was observed between phenolic acid intake (HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.43; p-trend = 0.02) and EOC risk, especially for the serous subtype and in women with obesity, although these associations did not exceed the Bonferroni correction threshold. The current results do not support any association between polyphenol intake and EOC in our large European prospective study. Results regarding phenolic acid intake need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Londoño
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (V.C.); (I.d.V.); (M.C.-B.); (A.A.)
| | - Valerie Cayssials
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (V.C.); (I.d.V.); (M.C.-B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
- Department of Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Izar de Villasante
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (V.C.); (I.d.V.); (M.C.-B.); (A.A.)
| | - Marta Crous-Bou
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (V.C.); (I.d.V.); (M.C.-B.); (A.A.)
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (A.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France; (A.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (V.C.); (I.d.V.); (M.C.-B.); (A.A.)
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Anja Olsen
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.K.); (R.T.-F.)
| | - Matthias Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network-ISPRO, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civic M.P. Arezzo” Hospital ASP, 97100 Ragusa, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Inger T. Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (I.T.G.); (C.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (I.T.G.); (C.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (I.T.G.); (C.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (J.M.H.); (A.B.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (J.M.H.); (A.B.)
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (J.M.H.); (A.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (J.M.H.); (A.B.)
- Navarra Public Health Institute, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hanna Sartor
- Diagnostic Radiology Unit, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (Y.M.-S.); (N.L.); (M.K.)
- Exposome and Heredity Team, CESP, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, INSERM, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nasser Laouali
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (Y.M.-S.); (N.L.); (M.K.)
- Exposome and Heredity Team, CESP, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, INSERM, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (Y.M.-S.); (N.L.); (M.K.)
- Exposome and Heredity Team, CESP, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, INSERM, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Renée Turzanski-Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (V.K.); (R.T.-F.)
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (C.L.); (V.C.); (I.d.V.); (M.C.-B.); (A.A.)
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227
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Hinojosa-Nogueira D, Pérez-Burillo S, García-Rincón I, Rufián-Henares JA, Pastoriza S. A useful and simple tool to evaluate and compare the intake of total dietary polyphenols in different populations. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3818-3824. [PMID: 33902787 PMCID: PMC8369462 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002100183x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyphenols are antioxidant compounds with an impact on different health factors. Thus, it is important to have precise tools to estimate the intake of polyphenols. This study focuses on the development of an intuitive tool to estimating the intake of dietary total polyphenols. DESIGN The tool was developed in a spreadsheet to improve accessibility and use. It is divided into six different meals for each of the 7 d with a similar format to 24-h diet recalls. The total polyphenol values of 302 foods were included and the possibility of own values. SETTING Framework of the European project Stance4Health, Granada, Spain. PARTICIPANTS This tool was tested on 90 participants in different stages of life (girls, women and pregnant women). Ages ranged from 10 to 35 years. RESULTS The total polyphenol intake obtained was of 1790 ± 629 mg polyphenols/d. The highest consumption of polyphenols was observed in pregnant women (2064 mg/d). Polyphenols intake during the weekend was lower for the three groups compared to the days of the week. The results were comparable with those of other studies. CONCLUSIONS The current tool allows the estimation of the total intake of polyphenols in the diet in a fast and easy way. The tool will be used as a basis for a future mobile application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Pérez-Burillo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inés García-Rincón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José A Rufián-Henares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Silvia Pastoriza
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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228
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Milenkovic D, Ruskovska T, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Heiss C. Polyphenols Could Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Modulating the Expression of miRNAs in the Host Cells. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1169-1182. [PMID: 34341700 PMCID: PMC8279534 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses which following virus attachment and entry into the host cell, particularly type 2 pneumocytes but also endothelial cells, release RNA into cytosol where it serves as a matrix for the host translation machinery to produce viral proteins. The viral RNA in cytoplasm can interact with host cell microRNAs which can degrade viral RNA and/or prevent viral replication. As such host cellular miRNAs represent key cellular mediators of antiviral defense. Polyphenols, plant food bioactives, exert antiviral properties, which is partially due to their capacity to modulate the expression of miRNAs. The objective of this work was to assess if polyphenols can play a role in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 associated complications by modulating the expression of host miRNAs. To test this hypothesis, we performed literature search to identify miRNAs that could bind SARS-CoV-2 RNA as well as miRNAs which expression can be modulated by polyphenols in lung, type 2 pneumocytes or endothelial cells. We identified over 600 miRNAs that have capacity to bind viral RNA and 125 miRNAs which expression can be modulated by polyphenols in the cells of interest. We identified that there are 17 miRNAs with both the capacity to bind viral RNA and which expression can be modulated by polyphenols. Some of these miRNAs have been identified as having antiviral properties or can target genes involved in regulation of processes of viral replication, apoptosis or viral infection. Taken together this analysis suggests that polyphenols could modulate expression of miRNAs in alveolar and endothelial cells and exert antiviral capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia.
| | | | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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229
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Wu X, Pehrsson PR. Current Knowledge and Challenges on the Development of a Dietary Glucosinolate Database in the United States. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab102. [PMID: 34458665 PMCID: PMC8386921 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a group of cancer chemopreventive sulfur-containing compounds found primarily in Brassica vegetables. The goals of this study were to summarize the current knowledge and discuss the challenges of developing a dietary GSL database for US foods. A systematic literature search was conducted for the period 1980-2020. Thirty articles were found to meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria; 27 GSLs were reported in 16 different vegetables. GSLs identified and quantified ranged from 3 for winter cress to 16 for cabbage. In general, the experimental designs of these 30 studies did not fully consider the factors related to the data quality. Enormous variations of GSLs are observed between different vegetables and in the same vegetables. In conclusion, the studies on GSLs in commonly consumed vegetables are still limited, and some data may be outdated. Currently available data are not sufficient to develop a valid GSL database in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
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230
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Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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231
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Rubín-García M, Vitelli-Storelli F, Toledo E, Castro-Barquero S, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Hernáez Á, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Bernal-López MR, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Álvarez-Álvarez L, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Gea A, Manzanares JM, Sorlí JV, Schröder H, Abete I, Tojal-Sierra L, Crespo-Oliva E, González-Botella A, Rayó E, García-Rios A, Gómez-Pérez AM, Santos-Lozano JM, Bartolomé Resano R, Murphy MM, Ortega-Azorin C, Medrano C, Zulet MÁ, Sorto-Sanchez C, Babio N, Fitó M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Martín-Sánchez V. Polyphenol intake and cardiovascular risk in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A comparison of different risk equations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:401-411. [PMID: 34340911 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Quantification of cardiovascular risk has been based on scores such as Framingham, Framingham-REGICOR, SCORE or Life's Simple 7 (LS7). In vitro, animal, and randomized clinical studies have shown that polyphenols may provide benefits to the vascular system and reduce the inflammatory response. However, some clinical-epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results. Our aim was to assess the possible association between intake of the various polyphenol classes and established cardiovascular scores. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis involved 6633 PREDIMED-Plus study participants. Food polyphenol content was estimated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, adjusted for total energy intake according to the residual method. The association between polyphenol intake and cardiovascular risk was tested using linear regression analyses. RESULTS Total polyphenol and flavonoid intake were directly and significantly associated only with the LS7 scale. Intake of lignans was directly and significantly associated with SCORE and LS7 scales, stilbene intake with SCORE, and phenolic acid intake with Framingham and Framingham-REGICOR scores. Other polyphenol classes were associated in a protective and significant manner in Framingham, SCORE and LS7 scores. In women, intake of all the polyphenol classes, except phenolic acids, showed a protective trend in the results of the Framingham, Framingham-REGICOR scores and LS7 scale. CONCLUSIONS An inverse association was found between consumption of the 'other polyphenols' class and, especially among women, with estimated cardiovascular risk. The results were similar to those of Framingham, Framingham-REGICOR and LS7 (after eliminating the diet component) and differed from those of SCORE, but the predictors included were limited in the latter case.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rubín-García
- Grupo de investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS), Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Facundo Vitelli-Storelli
- Grupo de investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS), Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació i XaRTA, Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Equip d'Atenció Primària (EAP) Clot, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Programa de Nutrición de Precisión, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación, Campus Excelencia Internacional Universidad Autónoma de Madrid + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Bioaraba, Área Cardiovascular, Respiratoria y Metabólica; Osakidetza Servicio Vasco de Salud, Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/ EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de las Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Maimónides de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Bernal-López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Familiar, Unidad de Investigación, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Luís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria y Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Servicio Canario de Salud, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de las Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición Comunitaria y Estrés Oxidativo, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Laura Álvarez-Álvarez
- Grupo de investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS), Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Vascular, Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Universidad de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José J Gaforio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD. Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación, Campus Excelencia Internacional Universidad Autónoma de Madrid + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emili Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Clínica de Lípids, Departament d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - José María Manzanares
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorlí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Equip d'Atenció Primària (EAP) Clot, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Bioaraba, Área Cardiovascular, Respiratoria y Metabólica; Osakidetza Servicio Vasco de Salud, Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/ EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edelys Crespo-Oliva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Elena Rayó
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de las Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Rios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Maimónides de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana María Gómez-Pérez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Familiar, Unidad de Investigación, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Michelle M Murphy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Unitat de Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Casimira Medrano
- Equip d'Atenció Primària (EAP) Clot, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Zulet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Carolina Sorto-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Bioaraba, Área Cardiovascular, Respiratoria y Metabólica; Osakidetza Servicio Vasco de Salud, Hospital Universitario Araba, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/ EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Equip d'Atenció Primària (EAP) Clot, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació i XaRTA, Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- Grupo de investigación en Interacciones Gen-Ambiente y Salud (GIIGAS), Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Azevedo J, Jesus M, Brandão E, Soares S, Oliveira J, Lopes P, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Interaction between salivary proteins and cork phenolic compounds able to migrate to wine model solutions. Food Chem 2021; 367:130607. [PMID: 34388630 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the study of the interaction of human salivary proteins (SP) with phenolic compounds that migrate from cork stoppers to wine. This study yields valuable data to understand the influence that these compounds may have on the sensory perception of wine from an astringency perspective. For that, three cork fractions containing the phenolic compounds that migrate in greater amounts from cork to model wine solutions were selected. Fraction M1 contains gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillin and protocatechuic aldehyde; fraction M2 comprises essentially gallic acid and ellagic acid, as well as castalagin and dehydrocastalagin; and fraction M3 contains the two isomeric ellagitannins castalagin and vescalagin. The reactivity of each fraction towards SP was M3 > M2 > M1. Within M3 fraction, castalagin showed a higher ability to precipitate SP (mainly aPRPs, statherin and P-B peptide) comparatively to vescalagin. In M1 fraction, caffeic and sinapic acids were the compounds with the highest interaction with SP, mainly cystatins. In addition, there also seems to be a matrix effect (presence of other compounds) that could be affecting these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Azevedo
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Jesus
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Brandão
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Oliveira
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Lopes
- Amorim Cork S.A. Rua dos Corticeiros 830, 4536-904 Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Ruskovska T, Budić-Leto I, Corral-Jara KF, Ajdžanović V, Arola-Arnal A, Bravo FI, Deligiannidou GE, Havlik J, Janeva M, Kistanova E, Kontogiorgis C, Krga I, Massaro M, Miler M, Milosevic V, Morand C, Scoditti E, Suárez M, Vauzour D, Milenkovic D. Systematic Bioinformatic Analyses of Nutrigenomic Modifications by Polyphenols Associated with Cardiometabolic Health in Humans-Evidence from Targeted Nutrigenomic Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072326. [PMID: 34371836 PMCID: PMC8308901 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders are among the leading causes of mortality in the human population. Dietary polyphenols exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health in humans. Molecular mechanisms, however, are not completely understood. Aiming to conduct in-depth integrative bioinformatic analyses to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of polyphenols on cardiometabolic health, we first conducted a systematic literature search to identify human intervention studies with polyphenols that demonstrate improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors in parallel with significant nutrigenomic effects. Applying the predefined inclusion criteria, we identified 58 differentially expressed genes at mRNA level and 5 miRNAs, analyzed in peripheral blood cells with RT-PCR methods. Subsequent integrative bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that polyphenols modulate genes that are mainly involved in the processes such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and endothelial function. We also identified 37 transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of polyphenol modulated genes, including RELA/NFKB1, STAT1, JUN, or SIRT1. Integrative bioinformatic analysis of mRNA and miRNA-target pathways demonstrated several common enriched pathways that include MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, or PPAR signaling pathway. These bioinformatic analyses represent a valuable source of information for the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial health effects of polyphenols and potential target genes for future nutrigenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Irena Budić-Leto
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Karla Fabiola Corral-Jara
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (I.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.A.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.A.-A.); (F.I.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.A.-A.); (F.I.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Havlik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Milkica Janeva
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.-E.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Irena Krga
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (I.K.); (C.M.)
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Marko Miler
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.A.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Verica Milosevic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.A.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Christine Morand
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (I.K.); (C.M.)
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.A.-A.); (F.I.B.); (M.S.)
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (I.K.); (C.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bulotta S, Capriglione F, Celano M, Pecce V, Russo D, Maggisano V. Phytochemicals in thyroid cancer: analysis of the preclinical studies. Endocrine 2021; 73:8-15. [PMID: 33587255 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the search for novel effective compounds to use in thyroid cancer (TC) unresponsive to current treatment, attention has recently focused on plant-derived compounds with anticancer activity. In this review, we discuss the preclinical studies demonstrating phytochemical activity against thyroid cancer cells. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS In particular, we describe their antiproliferative properties or ability to re-induce iodine retention, thus supporting their potential use as single agents or adjuvants in radioiodine-resistant thyroid cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Capriglione
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Pecce
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Parmenter BH, Dalgaard F, Murray K, Cassidy A, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Croft KD, Kyrø C, Gislason G, Scalbert A, Tjønneland A, Hodgson JM, Bondonno NP. Habitual flavonoid intake and ischemic stroke incidence in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:348-357. [PMID: 33963737 PMCID: PMC8246625 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid-rich foods have antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, and antithrombotic properties that may contribute to a lower risk of ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the relationship between habitual flavonoid consumption and incidence of ischemic stroke in participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study. DESIGN In this prospective cohort study, 55,169 Danish residents without a prior ischemic stroke [median (IQR) age at enrolment of 56 y (52-60)], were followed for 21 y (20-22). We used Phenol-Explorer to estimate flavonoid intake from food frequency questionnaires obtained at study entry. Incident cases of ischemic stroke were identified from Danish nationwide registries and restricted cubic splines in Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate relationships with flavonoid intake. RESULTS During follow-up, 4237 individuals experienced an ischemic stroke. Compared with participants in Q1 and after multivariable adjustment for demographics and lifestyle factors, those in Q5-for intake of total flavonoids, flavonols, and flavanol oligo + polymers-had a 12% [HR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.81, 0.96)], 10% [0.90 (0.82, 0.98)], and 18% [0.82 (0.75, 0.89)] lower risk of ischemic stroke incidence, respectively. Multivariable (demographic and lifestyle) adjusted associations for anthocyanins and flavones with risk of ischemic stroke were not linear, with moderate but not higher intakes associated with lower risk [anthocyanins Q3 vs. Q1 HR (95% CI): 0.85 (0.79, 0.93); flavones: 0.90 (0.84, 0.97)]. Following additional adjustment for dietary confounders, similar point estimates were observed; however, significance was only retained for anthocyanins and flavanol oligo + polymers [anthocyanins Q3 vs. Q1 HR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.79, 0.94); flavanol oligo + polymers Q5 vs. Q1 0.86 (0.78, 0.94)]. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that moderate habitual consumption of healthy flavonoid-rich foods is associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke and further investigation is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Parmenter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Frederik Dalgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev & Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133816. [PMID: 34206687 PMCID: PMC8270342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of the main bioactive compounds—phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid and rutin—in apple tree bark, leaves, flower buds and twigs. The variety in the phenolic profiles of four apple tree cultivars was monitored during the vegetation period from March to September using chromatography analysis. Phloridzin, the major glycoside of interest, reached the highest values in the bark of all the tested cultivars in May (up to 91.7 ± 4.4 mg g−1 of the dried weight (DW), cv. ‘Opal’). In the leaves, the highest levels of phloridzin were found in cv. ‘Opal’ in May (82.5 ± 22.0 mg g−1 of DW); in twigs, the highest levels were found in cv. ‘Rozela’ in September (52.4 ± 12.1 mg g−1 of DW). In the flower buds, the content of phloridzin was similar to that in the twigs. Aglycone phloretin was found only in the leaves in relatively low concentrations (max. value 2.8 ± 1.4 mg g−1 of DW). The highest values of rutin were found in the leaves of all the tested cultivars (10.5 ± 2.9 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Opal’ in September); the concentrations in the bark and twigs were much lower. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was found in flower buds (3.3 ± 1.0 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Rozela’). Whole apple fruits harvested in September were rich in chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. The statistical evaluation by Scheffe’s test confirmed the significant difference of cv. ‘Rozela’ from the other tested cultivars. In conclusion, apple tree bark, twigs, and leaves were found to be important renewable resources of bioactive phenolics, especially phloridzin and rutin. The simple availability of waste plant material can therefore be used as a rich source of phenolic compounds for cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food supplement preparation.
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Individual Diet Modification Reduces the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Before Pharmacological Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062102. [PMID: 34205362 PMCID: PMC8234117 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of lifestyle, including healthy nutrition, is the primary approach for metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate how individual nutrition intervention affects the reduction of MetS components. Subjects diagnosed with MetS were recruited in the Lomza Medical Centre. The study group consisted of 90 participants and was divided into one intervention group (individual nutrition education group (INEG)) and one control group (CG). The research was conducted over 3 months. The following measurements were obtained during the first visit and after completion of the 3 months intervention: body mass, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and blood lipids. Dietary assessments were performed before and post-intervention using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary knowledge was evaluated with the KomPAN questionnaire. The total polyphenol content of the diet was calculated. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected from a self-reported questionnaire. The physical activity was assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). It was found that the individual nutrition education was an effective method to improve the knowledge, dietary habits, and physical activity of the study participants. The modification of the diet in terms of higher intake of polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins), fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA n-3, and lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) had a significant impact on the improvement of some MetS risk factors (waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL-cholesterol).
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Rojasawasthien T, Shirakawa T, Washio A, Tsujisawa T, Matsubara T, Inoue A, Takahama U, Nakashima K, Kokabu S. Vignacyanidin Polyphenols Isolated from Vigna Angularis Bean Promote Osteoblast Differentiation. In Vivo 2021; 35:883-888. [PMID: 33622880 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM An effective bone regenerative method needs to be established for the dental field. To identify a novel osteogenic factor for bone regeneration, we examined the effect of vignacyanidin (VIG) on osteoblastogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS W20-17 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells, and primary cultured murine calvarial osteoblasts were used. Osteoblast differentiation was stimulated by β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4. Adipogenesis was induced using dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, insulin, and rosiglitazone. Differentiation or proliferation markers were determined using western blotting and/or the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Adipogenic cells were visualized by Oil Red O staining. RESULTS VIG treatment increased the expression of osteoblastic markers and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblast-lineage cells in a concentration-dependent manner. However, adipogenesis and cell proliferation were not affected by VIG. CONCLUSION VIG treatment promoted osteoblast differentiation in osteoblast-lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thira Rojasawasthien
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Shirakawa
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ayako Washio
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Asako Inoue
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Umeo Takahama
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan;
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Cao L, Guler M, Tagirdzhanov A, Lee YY, Gurevich A, Mohimani H. MolDiscovery: learning mass spectrometry fragmentation of small molecules. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3718. [PMID: 34140479 PMCID: PMC8211649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of small molecules is a critical task in various areas of life science. Recent advances in mass spectrometry have enabled the collection of tandem mass spectra of small molecules from hundreds of thousands of environments. To identify which molecules are present in a sample, one can search mass spectra collected from the sample against millions of molecular structures in small molecule databases. The existing approaches are based on chemistry domain knowledge, and they fail to explain many of the peaks in mass spectra of small molecules. Here, we present molDiscovery, a mass spectral database search method that improves both efficiency and accuracy of small molecule identification by learning a probabilistic model to match small molecules with their mass spectra. A search of over 8 million spectra from the Global Natural Product Social molecular networking infrastructure shows that molDiscovery correctly identify six times more unique small molecules than previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Cao
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Azat Tagirdzhanov
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yi-Yuan Lee
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
The acceptance of beer among consumers is most influenced by the taste and aroma. Polyphenols are widely responsible for both. Whereas polyphenols do not always result in a positive flavor and taste, they can surely impart certain off-flavors, which will be mentioned in this paper. However, the aftertaste is an important component of the beer-tasting experience and acceptance. The aftertaste, including astringency, may largely influence consumers’ consumption preference and behavior. Bitterness is one of the main, desirable characteristics of beer, but to an untrained consumer, it can often be mistaken with astringency. This review aims to describe the differences between these two properties. Both attributes derive from the same beer components, polyphenols from barley and hop, but there is a distinctive difference between them. To understand the complexity of bitterness and astringency, polyphenols behavior, characteristics, and stability during the brewing process are also described in this review.
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242
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Assessment of dietary intake of bioactive food compounds according to income level in the Brazilian population. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1232-1239. [PMID: 34100352 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an inverse association between bioactive compounds intake and disease risk. The knowledge of its consumption according to socio-economic strata is important, which allows identification of potential intervention targets. Thus, we aimed to investigate bioactive compounds intake according to income level in Brazilian population. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey, a cross-sectional survey which included data on individual food intake of 34,003 subjects aged 10 years and over collected using two 24-h dietary records. Polyphenol and carotenoid content of foods was identified using published databases. Total polyphenol and carotenoid intake were determined according to per capita income, as well as main food sources. Total polyphenols and flavonoids intake increased with income level, and subjects with lower income showed higher phenolic acids intake than individuals in highest income (p = 0.0001). Total carotenoids and classes intake (with exception to β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin) were higher among subjects in highest income quartile, compared to the lowest quartile (p = 0.0001). Coffee was major source to total polyphenols and phenolic acids intake, and orange juice was main flavonoid provider in individuals from all income levels. In the upper income quartile, total carotenoid was supplied mainly by tomato and kale, and fruits had important contribution to carotenoid intake in the lowest income quartile. There is important influence of income level on diet quality regarding intake of foods with bioactive compounds, and individuals with lower income may experience lower quality diets due to less availability of foods with bioactive compounds.
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243
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Eremina NV, Zhanataev AK, Durnev AD. Induced Cell Death as a Possible Pathway of Antimutagenic Action. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:1-14. [PMID: 34050413 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The existing concepts of antimutagenesis are briefly reviewed. Published reports on antimutagenic and proapoptotic properties of some polyphenols and compounds of other chemical groups obtained in representative in vitro and in vivo experiments on eukaryotic test systems are discussed. The relationships between the antimutagenic and proapoptotic properties of the analyzed compounds (naringin, apigenin, resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine, etc.) are considered in favor of the hypothesis on induced cell death as an antimutagenic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Eremina
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Zhanataev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Durnev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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244
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Ruskovska T, Massaro M, Carluccio MA, Arola-Arnal A, Muguerza B, Vanden Berghe W, Declerck K, Bravo FI, Calabriso N, Combet E, Gibney ER, Gomes A, Gonthier MP, Kistanova E, Krga I, Mena P, Morand C, Nunes Dos Santos C, de Pascual-Teresa S, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Scoditti E, Suárez M, Milenkovic D. Systematic bioinformatic analysis of nutrigenomic data of flavanols in cell models of cardiometabolic disease. Food Funct 2021; 11:5040-5064. [PMID: 32537624 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00701c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavanol intake positively influences several cardiometabolic risk factors in humans. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of action of flavanols, in terms of gene regulation, in the cell types relevant to cardiometabolic disease have never been systematically addressed. On this basis, we conducted a systematic literature review and a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of genes whose expression is affected by flavanols in cells defining cardiometabolic health: hepatocytes, adipocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and immune cells. A systematic literature search was performed using the following pre-defined criteria: treatment with pure compounds and metabolites (no extracts) at low concentrations that are close to their plasma concentrations. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using bioinformatics tools to identify gene ontologies, networks, cellular pathways and interactions, as well as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators. The systematic literature search identified 54 differentially expressed genes at the mRNA level in in vitro models of cardiometabolic disease exposed to flavanols and their metabolites. Global bioinformatic analysis revealed that these genes are predominantly involved in inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration, and lipid metabolism. We observed that, although the investigated cells responded differentially to flavanol exposure, the involvement of anti-inflammatory responses is a common mechanism of flavanol action. We also identified potential transcriptional regulators of gene expression: transcriptional factors, such as GATA2, NFKB1, FOXC1 or PPARG, and post-transcriptional regulators: miRNAs, such as mir-335-5p, let-7b-5p, mir-26b-5p or mir-16-5p. In parallel, we analyzed the nutrigenomic effects of flavanols in intestinal cells and demonstrated their predominant involvement in the metabolism of circulating lipoproteins. In conclusion, the results of this systematic analysis of the nutrigenomic effects of flavanols provide a more comprehensive picture of their molecular mechanisms of action and will support the future setup of genetic studies to pave the way for individualized dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ken Declerck
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreia Gomes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal and Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Elena Kistanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irena Krga
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia and Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Pedro Mena
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Claudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal and Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal and CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Evolving Interplay Between Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota-An Emerging Importance in Healthcare. Front Nutr 2021; 8:634944. [PMID: 34109202 PMCID: PMC8180580 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.634944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural plant compounds and are the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet. As the gastrointestinal tract is the primary organ provided to diet sections, the diet may be regarded as one of the essential factors in the functionality, integrity, and composition of intestinal microbiota. In the gastrointestinal tract, many polyphenols remain unabsorbed and may accumulate in the large intestine, where the intestinal microbiota are most widely metabolized. When assuming primary roles for promoting host well-being, this intestinal health environment is presented to the effect of external influences, including dietary patterns. A few different methodologies have been developed to increase solvency and transport across the gastrointestinal tract and move it to targeted intestinal regions to resolve dietary polyphenols at the low bioavailability. Polyphenols form a fascinating community among the different nutritional substances, as some of them have been found to have critical biological activities that include antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anticarcinogenic activities. Besides, it affects metabolism and immunity of the intestines and has anti-inflammatory properties. The well-being status of subjects can also benefit from the development of bioactive polyphenol-determined metabolites, although the mechanisms have not been identified. Even though the incredible variety of health-advancing activities of dietary polyphenols has been widely studied, their effect on intestinal biology adaptation, and two-way relationship between polyphenols and microbiota is still poorly understood. We focused on results of polyphenols in diet with biological activities, gut ecology, and the influence of their proportional links on human well-being and disease in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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246
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Vioque M, de la Cruz-Ares S, Gómez R. Preliminary Investigation on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Commercial Salmorejo Found in Spanish Supermarkets. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051146. [PMID: 34065433 PMCID: PMC8161287 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmorejo is a traditional Spanish food made of raw tomatoes, bread, garlic, and virgin olive oil. The food industry aims to satisfy consumer demand for ready-to-eat salmorejo while trying to maintain characteristics of the homemade product. In this work, we have assessed physical-chemical and color parameters, radical scavenging activity, and total polyphenol, lycopene, and β-carotene contents of raw and pasteurized commercial salmorejo, as well as homemade (raw) salmorejo samples. Our results showed that heat treatment had a significant influence on color parameters of salmorejo, with pasteurized samples being less red and exhibiting an increase in the degree of browning. Pasteurized samples also showed the highest radical scavenging activity when expressing the results per dry weight. However, when water content was considered, radical scavenging activity was superior in homemade samples when analyzing non-polar molecules extracted with acetone. Results were similar for polyphenol content. It was also observed that heat treatment affected lycopene but not β-carotene content. When acquiring commercial salmorejo at the supermarket, consumers have the option to choose between already prepared pasteurized or raw salmorejo. According to the results obtained in this work, physicochemical and functional properties of commercial raw salmorejo were comparable to a larger extent than pasteurized salmorejo compared to those exhibited by homemade salmorejo samples.
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247
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Tadros FJ, Andrade JM. Impact of hesperidin in 100% orange juice on chronic disease biomarkers: A narrative systematic review and gap analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8335-8354. [PMID: 34014143 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1927976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin in orange juice may affect chronic disease biomarkers. This narrative systematic review aimed to determine appropriate recommendations toward the dose and frequency of hesperidin consumption from 100% orange juice and conduct a gap analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis was conducted to identify articles through September 2020, utilizing four databases: Pub-Med Central, Agricola, Embase, and MEDLINE. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that overall effect sizes from the studies were considerably weak. Although higher frequencies, doses, and concentration of hesperidin in 100% orange juice had an impact on global cognitive function, cardiac, insulin, inflammatory, antioxidant/phenolic, and oxidative stress outcomes compared to lower frequencies, doses, and concentration of hesperidin. A gap analysis demonstrated there was a variability in dose and frequency of OJ and hesperidin, diet, genetics, and evaluation measures, which made the role of hesperidin in 100% OJ on chronic diseases unclear. This review revealed a trend toward improving chronic disease biomarkers following consumption of hesperidin in 100% orange juice. Steps can be taken in future research to improve the consistency of clinical study designs, methodology and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah J Tadros
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeanette Mary Andrade
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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248
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Ramírez‐Bolaños S, Pérez‐Jiménez J, Díaz S, Robaina L. A potential of banana flower and pseudo‐stem as novel ingredients rich in phenolic compounds. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramírez‐Bolaños
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA) IU‐ECOAQUA Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Crta. Taliarte s/n Telde 35214 Spain
| | - Jara Pérez‐Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN‐CSIC) José Antonio Novais 10 Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Sara Díaz
- Fabricación Integrada y Avanzada Research Group Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35017 Spain
| | - Lidia Robaina
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA) IU‐ECOAQUA Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Crta. Taliarte s/n Telde 35214 Spain
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Francisco T, Pérez-Gregorio R, Soares S, Mateus N, Centeno F, de Fátima Teixeira M, de Freitas V. Understanding the molecular interactions between a yeast protein extract and phenolic compounds. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110261. [PMID: 33992362 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are partially removed during fining, which may influence the organoleptic properties of beverages. Among phenolic compounds, tannins have been widely associated to the taste of beverages (namely astringency and bitterness). Furthermore, phenolic acids and anthocyanins may also influence bitterness and the latter are also responsible for beverages' color. Thus, it is necessary to perform molecular studies to better understand the effect of fining agents in the overall phenolic composition of beverages and the resulting organoleptic changes. The molecular interactions between these three classes of phenolic compounds and a yeast protein extract (YPE), designed as a new fining agent, was studied. The binding affinities were assessed by fluorescence quenching at two temperatures (21 °C and 37 °C) and in two reaction media (water and wine model solution). The size of aggregates formed was characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering and the selectivity of protein interaction was analyzed by electrophoresis. Overall, pentagalloylglucoside (tannin) showed the highest binding affinity for YPE, followed by malvidin 3-glucoside (anthocyanin), p-coumaric acid (phenolic acid) and gallic acid (phenolic acid). The studied temperatures and solvents affected the interaction affinities as well as the aggregates' size. Binding selectivity of proteins from YPE was not found. These results open new perspectives to control the fining process by using the YPE as a fining agent taking into account the further effect in the organoleptic properties of beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telmo Francisco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Soares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Centeno
- Proenol, Industria Biotecnologica S.A. Travessa das Lages 267, 4410-308 Canelas, VN Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Fátima Teixeira
- Proenol, Industria Biotecnologica S.A. Travessa das Lages 267, 4410-308 Canelas, VN Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Bondonno CP, Bondonno NP, Dalgaard F, Murray K, Gardener SL, Martins RN, Rainey‐Smith SR, Cassidy A, Lewis JR, Croft KD, Kyrø C, Gislason G, Scalbert A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Hodgson JM. Flavonoid intake and incident dementia in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12175. [PMID: 34027025 PMCID: PMC8118115 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prospective studies investigating flavonoid intake and dementia risk are scarce. The aims of this study were to examine associations between flavonoid intake and the risk of incident dementia and to investigate whether this association differs in the presence of lifestyle risk factors for dementia. METHODS We examined associations in 55,985 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study followed for 23 years. The Phenol-Explorer database was used to estimate flavonoid intakes. Information on incident dementia and dementia subtypes was obtained using Danish patient and prescription registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using restricted cubic splines in multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS For incident dementia, moderate compared to low intakes of flavonols (HR: 0.90 [0.82, 0.99]), flavanol oligo+polymers (HR: 0.87 [0.79, 0.96]), anthocyanins (HR: 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]), flavanones (HR: 0.89 [0.80, 0.99]), and flavones (HR: 0.85 [0.77, 0.95]) were associated with a lower risk. For vascular dementia, moderate intakes of flavonols (HR: 0.69 [0.53, 0.89]) and flavanol oligo + polymers (HR: 0.65 [0.51, 0.83]) were associated with lower risk. Flavonoid intakes were not significantly associated with Alzheimer's disease or unspecified dementia. The inverse association between total flavonoid intake and incident dementia was stronger in "ever" smokers than in "never" smokers and in those without hypercholesterolemia versus those with hypercholesteremia. Furthermore, the inverse association of vascular dementia with a moderate total flavonoid intake was stronger in "ever" smokers and those who were "normal" to "overweight" versus "never" smokers or those who were "obese," respectively. CONCLUSION A moderate intake of flavonoid-rich foods may help to reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P. Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Nicola P. Bondonno
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
- Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | - Frederik Dalgaard
- Department of CardiologyHerlev & Gentofte University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Samantha L. Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research FoundationPerthAustralia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research FoundationPerthAustralia
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey‐Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & CareSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research FoundationPerthAustralia
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University BelfastBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | - Joshua R. Lewis
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- The Danish Cancer Society Research CentreCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of CardiologyHerlev & Gentofte University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- The National Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- The Danish Heart FoundationCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- The Danish Cancer Society Research CentreCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Aalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Jonathan M. Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesRoyal Perth HospitalUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
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