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Ward ML, Crossman DJ. Mechanisms underlying the impaired contractility of diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:577-584. [PMID: 25068018 PMCID: PMC4110606 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i7.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a well-known consequence of diabetes, with sustained hyperglycaemia leading to the development of a cardiomyopathy that is independent of cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Animal models of diabetes are commonly used to study the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, with the hope that increased knowledge will lead ultimately to better therapeutic strategies being developed. At physiological temperature, left ventricular trabeculae isolated from the streptozotocin rat model of type 1 diabetes showed decreased stress and prolonged relaxation, but with no evidence that decreased contractility was a result of altered myocardial Ca2+ handling. Although sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ reuptake appeared slower in diabetic trabeculae, it was offset by an increase in action-potential duration, thereby maintaining SR Ca2+ content and favouring increased contraction force. Frequency analysis of t-tubule distribution by confocal imaging of ventricular tissue labeled with wheat germ agglutinin or ryanodine receptor antibodies showed a reduced T-power for diabetic tissue, but the differences were minor in comparison to other models of heart failure. The contractile dysfunction appeared to be the result of disrupted F-actin in conjunction with the increased type I collagen, with decreased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity contributing to the slowed relaxation.
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202
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Liu J, Wang D, Chen Y, Sun H, He S, Wang C, Yang G, Shi M, Zhang J, Ren Y, Wang L, Lu Y, Cheng J. 1H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of serum and urine in a nonhuman primate model of diabetic nephropathy. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 9:2645-52. [PMID: 24228270 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious metabolic disease, and comprehensive understanding of its complex mechanism will help in preventing the onset and progression of DN. To reveal the systemic metabolic changes associated with renal injury, we performed 1H NMR-based metabonomic and multivariate analyses to analyze serum and urine obtained from a nonhuman primate model of DN. Our results indicated that DN monkeys exhibited a distinct metabolic profile, including higher levels of VLDL/LDL, lipids, unsaturated lipids, uric acid, allantoin, fumarate and hippurate, as well as lower levels of HDL, alanine, glutamate, pyruvate, formate, tyrosine, histidine and NAD+. The disturbed metabolic pathways were further identified, including NAD+ metabolism, purine metabolism, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and renal tubular reabsorption. This study highlights that NMR-based metabonomics provides insight into the underlying pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of DN at the metabolic level.
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203
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Suna G, Mayr M. Tracing the proteomic fingerprint of the diabetic aorta? CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:100-1. [PMID: 24736850 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Suna
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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204
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Kömürcü E, Özkan ÖF, Kemik AS, Nusran G, Aşık M, Arslan E. Effect of systemic carnitine therapy on serum fibronectin level in diabetic rats. J Surg Res 2014; 187:712-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.11.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cox EJ, Marsh SA. A systematic review of fetal genes as biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy in rodent models of diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92903. [PMID: 24663494 PMCID: PMC3963983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy activates a suite of genes called the fetal gene program (FGP). Pathological hypertrophy occurs in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM); therefore, the FGP is widely used as a biomarker of DCM in animal studies. However, it is unknown whether the FGP is a consistent marker of hypertrophy in rodent models of diabetes. Therefore, we analyzed this relationship in 94 systematically selected studies. Results showed that diabetes induced with cytotoxic glucose analogs such as streptozotocin was associated with decreased cardiac weight, but genetic or diet-induced models of diabetes were significantly more likely to show cardiac hypertrophy (P<0.05). Animal strain, sex, age, and duration of diabetes did not moderate this effect. There were no correlations between the heart weight:body weight index and mRNA or protein levels of the fetal genes α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) or β-MHC, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), or brain natriuretic peptide. The only correlates of non-indexed heart weight were the protein levels of α-MHC (Spearman's ρ = 1, P<0.05) and ANP (ρ = −0.73, P<0.05). These results indicate that most commonly measured genes in the FGP are confounded by diabetogenic methods, and are not associated with cardiac hypertrophy in rodent models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Cox
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Marsh
- Department of Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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206
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Impact of the adipokine adiponectin and the hepatokine fetuin-A on the development of type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort- and cross-sectional phenotyping studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92238. [PMID: 24643166 PMCID: PMC3958485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among adipokines and hepatokines, adiponectin and fetuin-A were consistently found to predict the incidence of type 2 diabetes, both by regulating insulin sensitivity. Objective To determine to what extent circulating adiponectin and fetuin-A are independently associated with incident type 2 diabetes in humans, and the major mechanisms involved. Methods Relationships with incident diabetes were tested in two cohort studies: within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study (628 cases) and the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 470 cases). Relationships with body fat compartments, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were studied in the Tübingen Lifestyle Intervention Program (TULIP; N = 358). Results Circulating adiponectin and fetuin-A, independently of several confounders and of each other, associated with risk of diabetes in EPIC-Potsdam (RR for 1 SD: adiponectin: 0.45 [95% CI 0.37–0.54], fetuin-A: 1.18 [1.05–1.32]) and the NHS (0.51 [0.42–0.62], 1.35 [1.16–1.58]). Obesity measures considerably attenuated the association of adiponectin, but not of fetuin-A. Subjects with low adiponectin and concomitantly high fetuin-A had the highest risk. Whereas both proteins were independently (both p<1.8×10−7) associated with insulin sensitivity, circulating fetuin-A (r = −0.37, p = 0.0004), but not adiponectin, associated with insulin secretion in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Conclusions We provide novel information that adiponectin and fetuin-A independently of each other associate with the diabetes risk. Furthermore, we suggest that they are involved in the development of type 2 diabetes via different mechanisms, possibly by mediating effects of their source tissues, expanded adipose tissue and nonalcoholic fatty liver.
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207
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Hayer MK, Farrugia D, Begaj I, Ray D, Sharif A. Infection-related mortality is higher for kidney allograft recipients with pretransplant diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2014; 57:554-61. [PMID: 24305965 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The risk of infection-related mortality in kidney allograft recipients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus is unknown. We determined the risk of infection-related mortality after kidney transplantation in a population-based cohort stratified by diagnosis of pre-existing diabetes mellitus. METHODS We linked data between two national registries (Hospital Episode Statistics and the Office for National Statistics) to select all mortality events after kidney transplantation in England between April 2001 and March 2012. The primary outcome measure was infection-related mortality after transplantation comparing diabetic with non-diabetic recipients. RESULTS A total of 19,103 kidney allograft recipients were analysed; 2,968 (15.5%) were known to have diabetes before kidney transplantation. After transplantation, 2,085 deaths (10.9%) occurred (median follow-up 4.4 years [interquartile range 2.2-7.3]), with 434 classified as secondary to infection (20.8% of all deaths). Risk of overall (16.0% vs 10.0%, p < 0.001) and infection-related (3.3% vs 2.1%, p < 0.001) mortality after kidney transplantation was higher for diabetic than non-diabetic recipients, respectively. No cytomegalovirus-related deaths occurred in diabetic recipients compared with 5.7% in non-diabetic recipients (p < 0.007), with a trend towards more unspecified sepsis in diabetic recipients (30.6% vs 22.6%, respectively, p = 0.070). Diabetes at the time of transplantation was an independent risk factor predicting infection-related mortality in kidney allograft recipients after transplantation (HR 1.71 [95% CI 1.36, 2.15], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Infection-related mortality is more common in kidney allograft recipients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus. Further work is required to determine whether attenuated immunosuppression is beneficial for diabetic kidney allograft recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvir K Hayer
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Renal Institute of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
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208
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The diabetic vasculature: physiological mechanisms of dysfunction and influence of aerobic exercise training in animal models. Life Sci 2014; 102:1-9. [PMID: 24583313 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a number of complications of which chronic vascular complications are undoubtedly the most complex and significant consequence. With a significant impact on health care, 50-80% of people with diabetes die of cardiovascular disease (including coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and other vascular disease), making it the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. A healthy lifestyle is essential in the management of DM, especially the inclusion of aerobic exercise, which has been shown effective in reducing the deleterious effects in vasculature. Interest in exercise studies has increased significantly with promising results that demonstrate a future for investigation. Considering the importance of this emerging field, the aim of this mini-review is to summarize and integrate animal studies investigating physiological mechanisms of vascular dysfunction and remodeling in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and how these are influenced by chronic aerobic exercise training.
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209
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Fazal L, Azibani F, Bihry N, Coutance G, Polidano E, Merval R, Vodovar N, Launay J, Delcayre C, Samuel J. Akt‐mediated cardioprotective effects of aldosterone in type 2 diabetic mice. FASEB J 2014; 28:2430-40. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-239822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loubina Fazal
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
- Paris Diderot UniversityParisFrance
| | - Feriel Azibani
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Bihry
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
| | - Guillaume Coutance
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
- Paris Diderot UniversityParisFrance
| | - Evelyne Polidano
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
| | - Régine Merval
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Vodovar
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Marie Launay
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
- Paris Descartes UniversityParisFrance
| | - Claude Delcayre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
- Paris Diderot UniversityParisFrance
| | - Jane‐Lise Samuel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR‐S) 942Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP)Biochemistry DepartmentLariboisiere HospitalParisFrance
- Paris Diderot UniversityParisFrance
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210
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Transplantation of Mesenchymal Cells Improves Peripheral Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Rats. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:438-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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211
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Choucair-Jaafar N, Salvat E, Freund-Mercier MJ, Barrot M. The antiallodynic action of nortriptyline and terbutaline is mediated by β2 adrenoceptors and δ opioid receptors in the ob/ob model of diabetic polyneuropathy. Brain Res 2014; 1546:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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212
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Lee-Kubli CA, Mixcoatl-Zecuatl T, Jolivalt CG, Calcutt NA. Animal models of diabetes-induced neuropathic pain. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 20:147-70. [PMID: 24510303 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathy will afflict over half of the approximately 350 million people worldwide who currently suffer from diabetes and around one-third of diabetic patients with neuropathy will suffer from painful symptoms that may be spontaneous or stimulus evoked. Diabetes can be induced in rats or mice by genetic, dietary, or chemical means, and there are a variety of well-characterized models of diabetic neuropathy that replicate either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetic rodents display aspects of sensorimotor dysfunction such as stimulus-evoked allodynia and hyperalgesia that are widely used to model painful neuropathy. This allows investigation of pathogenic mechanisms and development of potential therapeutic interventions that may alleviate established pain or prevent onset of pain.
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213
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Zhu H, Yu L, He Y, Wang B. Nonhuman primate models of type 1 diabetes mellitus for islet transplantation. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:785948. [PMID: 25389531 PMCID: PMC4217338 DOI: 10.1155/2014/785948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is an attractive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM) contribute a lot to the experimental studies of islet transplantation and to evaluations of isolated islet grafts for future clinical applications. Diabetic nonhuman primates (NHPs) represent the suitable models of DMs to better evaluate the effectiveness of islet transplantation, to assess new strategies for controlling blood glucose (BG), relieving immune rejection, or prolonging islet survival, and eventually to translate the preclinical data into tangible clinical practice. This review introduces some NHP models of DM, clarifies why and how the models should be used, and elucidates the usefulness and limitations of the models in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- *Bo Wang:
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214
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Quondamatteo F. Skin and diabetes mellitus: what do we know? Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:1-21. [PMID: 24318789 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Although major complications of this condition involve kidney, retina and peripheral nerves, the skin of diabetic patients is also frequently injured. Hence, interest is mounting in the definition of the structural and molecular profile of non-complicated diabetic skin, i.e., before injuries occur. Most of the available knowledge in this area has been obtained relatively recently and, in part, derives from various diabetic animal models. These include both insulin-dependent and insulin-resistant models. Structural work in human diabetic skin has also been carried out by means of tissue samples or of non-invasive methods. Indications have indeed been found for molecular/structural changes in diabetic skin. However, the overall picture that emerges is heterogeneous, incomplete and often contradictory and many questions remain unanswered. This review aims to detail, as much as possible, the various pieces of current knowledge in a systematic and synoptic manner. This should aid the identification of areas in which key questions are still open and more research is needed. A comprehensive understanding of this field could help in determining molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of skin injuries in DM and markers for the monitoring of cutaneous and systemic aspects of the disease. Additionally, with the increasing development of non-invasive optics-based deep-tissue-imaging diagnostic technologies, precise knowledge of cutaneous texture and molecular structure becomes an important pre-requisite for the use of such methods in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Quondamatteo
- Skin and ECM Research Group-Anatomy, NUI Galway, Anatomy Building, University Road, Galway, Ireland,
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215
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Changes in cardiac innervation during maturation in long-term diabetes. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1473-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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216
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Polysaccharides-Rich Extract of Ganoderma lucidum (M.A. Curtis:Fr.) P. Karst Accelerates Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:671252. [PMID: 24348715 PMCID: PMC3857811 DOI: 10.1155/2013/671252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (M.A. Curtis:Fr.) P. Karst is a popular medicinal mushroom. Scientific reports had shown that the wound healing effects of G. lucidum were partly attributed to its rich polysaccharides. However, little attention has been paid to its potential effects on wounds associated with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we evaluated the wound healing activity of the hot aqueous extract of G. lucidum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The extract of G. lucidum was standardised based on chemical contents (w/w) of total polysaccharides (25.1%), ganoderic acid A (0.45%), and adenosine (0.069%). Six groups of six rats were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck region. Intrasite gel was used as a positive control and aqueous cream as the placebo. Topical application with 10% (w/w) of mushroom extract-incorporated aqueous cream was more effective than that with Intrasite gel in terms of wound closure. The antioxidant activity in serum of rats treated with aqueous extract of G. lucidum was significantly higher; whereas the oxidative protein products and lipid damage were lower when compared to those of the controls. These findings strongly support the beneficial effects of standardised aqueous extract of G. lucidum in accelerating wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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217
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da Rosa LC, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Colavite PM, Balbino B, Tavares LCB, Silva CL, Marques C, Ikoma MRV, Sartori A. Bacille Calmette-Guérin/DNAhsp65 prime-boost is protective against diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice but not in the streptozotocin model of type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:430-7. [PMID: 23692306 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes is a disease caused by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas that leads to a deficiency in insulin production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic potential of a prime-boost strategy involving bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and the pVAXhsp65 vaccine (BCG/DNAhsp65) in diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL/6 mice and also in spontaneous type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. BCG/DNAhsp65 vaccination in NOD mice determined weight gain, protection against hyperglycaemia, decreased islet inflammation, higher levels of cytokine production by the spleen and a reduced number of regulatory T cells in the spleen compared with non-immunized NOD mice. In the STZ model, however, there was no significant difference in the clinical parameters. Although this vaccination strategy did not protect mice in the STZ model, it was very effective in NOD mice. This is the first report demonstrating that a prime-boost strategy could be explored as an immunomodulatory procedure in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C da Rosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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218
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Li P, Pan F, Hao Y, Feng W, Song H, Zhu D. SGK1 is regulated by metabolic-related factors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and overexpressed in the adipose tissue of subjects with obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 102:35-42. [PMID: 24035040 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological role of SGK1 in the development of metabolic syndrome by investigating the expression and regulation of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) in adipose tissues in obesity and diabetes. METHODS SGK1 expression in adipose tissue was investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. SGK1 regulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by metabolic-related factors was assessed using Northern blot analysis. Humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes and KKAy and db/db mice were used to evaluate SGK1 expression in the adipose tissue of subjects with obesity and diabetes using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS SGK1 was expressed in white adipose tissue as shown by mRNA and protein levels. Aldosterone and glucocorticoids stimulated SGK1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas PPAR-γ agonists inhibited SGK1 expression in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, SGK1 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in the adipose tissue of mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Aldosterone, glucocorticoids and other factors contribute to excessive SGK1 expression in adipose tissue. This excessive SGK1 expression may be related to adipose tissue dysfunction, which may contribute to the development of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, PR China
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219
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Piaulino CA, Carvalho FCB, Almeida BC, Chaves MH, Almeida FRC, Brito SMRC. The stem bark extracts of Cenostigma macrophyllum attenuates tactile allodynia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1243-1248. [PMID: 23844576 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.786096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CONTEXT. Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae) is popularly known as "caneleiro". Previous studies showed antioxidant action and analgesic effects of the ethanol extract from the leaves of C. macrophyllum. The phytochemical evaluation of the stem bark revealed the presence of antinociceptive compounds. OBJECTIVE To investigate the antinociceptive actions of the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from C. macrophyllum stem bark in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the involvement of opioid and nitrergic mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS STZ-rats received the ethanol extract (E.EtOH 200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) during 5 weeks. In acute experiments, untreated diabetic rats were treated with the ethyl acetate fraction (F.EtOAc 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.), on the 28th day of diabetes induction when the opioid and nitrergic mechanisms were investigated. The mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) was determined by application of von Frey filaments. RESULTS Data show that STZ-induced diabetic rats developed a significant tactile allodynia during 5 weeks. Diabetic rats that received E.EtOH (200 and 300 mg/kg) and F.EtOAc (250 and 500 mg/kg) had a pain threshold higher than those in the STZ-vehicle group. F.EtOAc effects were inhibited by pretreatment with naloxone and were not influenced by .-arginine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results suggest that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of C. macrophyllum presented antinociceptive activity. Thus, F.EtOAc may be exerting its effect by affecting the opioid system, but nitrergic mechanisms are not detectable. The observed activity may be due to its gallic acid, lupeol and bergenin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celyane Alves Piaulino
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina-PI, Brazil
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220
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Martínez-Santamaría L, Conti CJ, Llames S, García E, Retamosa L, Holguín A, Illera N, Duarte B, Camblor L, Llaneza JM, Jorcano JL, Larcher F, Meana Á, Escámez MJ, Del Río M. The regenerative potential of fibroblasts in a new diabetes-induced delayed humanised wound healing model. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:195-201. [PMID: 23489422 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous diabetic wounds greatly affect the quality of life of patients, causing a substantial economic impact on the healthcare system. The limited clinical success of conventional treatments is mainly attributed to the lack of knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms related to chronic ulceration. Therefore, management of diabetic ulcers remains a challenging clinical issue. Within this context, reliable animal models that recapitulate situations of impaired wound healing have become essential. In this study, we established a new in vivo humanised model of delayed wound healing in a diabetic context that reproduces the main features of the human disease. Diabetes was induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin in bioengineered human-skin-engrafted immunodeficient mice. The significant delay in wound closure exhibited in diabetic wounds was mainly attributed to alterations in the granulation tissue formation and resolution, involving defects in wound bed maturation, vascularisation, inflammatory response and collagen deposition. In the new model, a cell-based wound therapy consisting of the application of plasma-derived fibrin dermal scaffolds containing fibroblasts consistently improved the healing response by triggering granulation tissue maturation and further providing a suitable matrix for migrating keratinocytes during wound re-epithelialisation. The present preclinical wound healing model was able to shed light on the biological processes responsible for the improvement achieved, and these findings can be extended for designing new therapeutic approaches with clinical relevance.
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221
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Antihyperglycemic effect of fermented Gastrodia elata blume in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Abstract
The pancreas is an organ with a central role in nutrient breakdown, nutrient sensing and release of hormones regulating whole body nutrient homeostasis. In diabetes mellitus, the balance is broken-cells can be starving in the midst of plenty. There are indications that the incidence of diabetes type 1 and 2, and possibly pancreatogenic diabetes, is rising globally. Events leading to insulin secretion and action are complex, but there is emerging evidence that intracellular nucleotides and nucleotides are not only important as intracellular energy molecules but also as extracellular signalling molecules in purinergic signalling cascades. This signalling takes place at the level of the pancreas, where the close apposition of various cells-endocrine, exocrine, stromal and immune cells-contributes to the integrated function. Following an introduction to diabetes, the pancreas and purinergic signalling, we will focus on the role of purinergic signalling and its changes associated with diabetes in the pancreas and selected tissues/organ systems affected by hyperglycaemia and other stress molecules of diabetes. Since this is the first review of this kind, a comprehensive historical angle is taken, and common and divergent roles of receptors for nucleotides and nucleosides in different organ systems will be given. This integrated picture will aid our understanding of the challenges of the potential and currently used drugs targeted to specific organ/cells or disorders associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ivana Novak
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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223
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Lehtoranta L, Vuolteenaho O, Laine VJ, Koskinen A, Soukka H, Kytö V, Määttä J, Haapsamo M, Ekholm E, Räsänen J. Maternal hyperglycemia leads to fetal cardiac hyperplasia and dysfunction in a rat model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E611-9. [PMID: 23839525 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated fetal myocardial growth with altered cardiac function is a well-documented complication of human diabetic pregnancy, but its pathophysiology is still largely unknown. Our aim was to explore the mechanisms of fetal cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular hemodynamics in a rat model of maternal pregestational streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemic group comprised 107 fetuses (10 dams) and the control group 219 fetuses (20 dams). Fetal cardiac function was assessed serially by Doppler ultrasonography. Fetal cardiac to thoracic area ratio, newborn heart weight, myocardial cell proliferative and apoptotic activities, and cardiac gene expression patterns were determined. Maternal hyperglycemia was associated with increased cardiac size, proliferative, apoptotic and mitotic activities, upregulation of genes encoding A- and B-type natriuretic peptides, myosin heavy chain types 2 and 3, uncoupling proteins 2 and 3, and the angiogenetic tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A. The genes encoding Kv channel-interacting protein 2, a regulator of electrical cardiac phenotype, and the insulin-regulated glucose transporter 4 were downregulated. The heart rate was lower in fetuses of hyperglycemic dams. At 13-14 gestational days, 98% of fetuses of hyperglycemic dams had holosystolic atrioventricular valve regurgitation and decreased outflow mean velocity, indicating diminished cardiac output. Maternal hyperglycemia may lead to accelerated fetal myocardial growth by cardiomyocyte hyperplasia. In fetuses of hyperglycemic dams, expression of key genes that control and regulate cardiomyocyte electrophysiological properties, contractility, and metabolism are altered and may lead to major functional and clinical implications on the fetal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lehtoranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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224
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Götz J, Lim YA, Eckert A. Lessons from two prevalent amyloidoses-what amylin and Aβ have in common. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:38. [PMID: 23964237 PMCID: PMC3737661 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloidogenic peptide Aβ plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) forming insoluble aggregates in the brain. The peptide shares its amyloidogenic properties with amylin that forms aggregates in the pancreas of patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While epidemiological studies establish a link between these two diseases, it is becoming increasingly clear that they also share biochemical features suggesting common pathogenic mechanisms. We discuss commonalities as to how Aβ and amylin deregulate the cellular proteome, how they impair mitochondrial functions, to which receptors they bind, aspects of their clearance and how therapeutic strategies exploit the commonalities between Aβ and amylin. We conclude that research into these two molecules is mutually beneficial for the treatment of AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Götz
- Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia ; Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney Sydney, Australia
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225
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Acharjee S, Ghosh B, Al-Dhubiab BE, Nair AB. Understanding type 1 diabetes: etiology and models. Can J Diabetes 2013; 37:269-276. [PMID: 24070892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a complex disease involving a combination of factors, such as genetic susceptibility, immunologic dysregulation and exposure to environmental triggers. Animal models serve an important function both in elucidating the pathophysiology and preliminary screening of antidiabetic molecules. Hence, the development of models for type 1 diabetes can be broadly divided into 3 categories, namely: identification of spontaneously developing type 1 diabetes mellitus strains, creating diabetes-prone species through gene transfer techniques and forced destruction of islet cells through chemical or surgical means. This review discusses the models used to study type 1 diabetes with special emphasis on genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Acharjee
- NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijaya Ghosh
- NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bandar E Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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226
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Nakahara K, Bannai M, Maruyama K, Suzuki Y, Okame R, Murakami N. Characterization of a novel genetically obese mouse model demonstrating early onset hyperphagia and hyperleptinemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E451-63. [PMID: 23736543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00540.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, and many obese animal models are used to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the appearance of symptoms. To establish a new obese mouse model, we screened ∼13,000 ICR mice and discovered a mouse demonstrating spontaneous obesity. We named this mouse "Daruma" after a traditional Japanese ornament. Following the fixation of the genotype, these animals exhibited obese phenotypes according to Mendel's law of inheritance. In the Daruma mouse, the leptin receptor gene sequence carried two base mutations that are good candidates for the variation(s) responsible for the obese phenotype. The Daruma mice developed characteristic visceral fat accumulation at 4 wk of age, and the white adipose and liver tissues exhibited increases in cell size and lipid droplets, respectively. No histological abnormalities were observed in other tissues of the Daruma mice, even after the mice reached 25 wk of age. Moreover, the onset of impaired leptin signaling was early and manifested as hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinemia. Pair feeding completely inhibited obesity, although these mice rapidly developed hyperphagia and obesity followed by hyperleptinemia when pair feeding ceased and free-access feeding was permitted. Therefore, the Daruma mice exhibited unique characteristics and may be a good model for studying human metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nakahara
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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227
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The angiopoietin:Tie 2 interaction: a potential target for future therapies in human vascular disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:579-92. [PMID: 23838360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 and -2 are endogenous ligands for the vascular endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2. Signalling by angiopoietin-1 promotes vascular endothelial cell survival and the sprouting and reorganisation of blood vessels, as well as inhibiting activation of the vascular endothelial barrier to reduce leakage and leucocyte migration into tissues. Angiopoietin-2 generally has an opposing action, and is released naturally at times of vascular growth and inflammation. There is a significant body of emerging evidence that promoting the actions of angiopoietin-1 through Tie2 is of benefit in pathologies of vascular activation, such as sepsis, stroke, diabetic retinopathy and asthma. Similarly, methods to inhibit the actions of angiopoietin-2 are emerging and have been demonstrated to be of preclinical and clinical benefit in reducing tumour angiogenesis. Here the author reviews the evidence for potential benefits of modulation of the interaction of angiopoietins with Tie2, and the potential applications. Additionally, methods for delivery of the complex protein angiopoietin-1 are discussed, as well as potentially deleterious consequences of administering angiopoietin-1.
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228
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Becker GJ, Hewitson TD. Animal models of chronic kidney disease: useful but not perfect. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:2432-8. [PMID: 23817139 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of chronic kidney disease (CKD) approximate the human condition and are keys to understanding its pathogenesis and to developing rational treatment strategies. The ethical use of animals requires a detailed understanding of the strengths and limitations of each species and the disease model, and the way in which findings can be translated from animals to humans. While not perfect, the careful use of animal experiments offers the opportunity to examine individual mechanisms in an accelerated time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Becker
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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229
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Shin JH, Seong JK, Yi SS. Sequential alterations of glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus of STZ-treated type 1 diabetic rats. J Vet Sci 2013; 15:19-26. [PMID: 23820217 PMCID: PMC3973762 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a common metabolic disorder accompanied by increased blood glucose levels along with glucocorticoid and cognitive deficits. The disease is also thought to be associated with environmental changes in brain and constantly induces oxidative stress in patients. Therefore, glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback mechanisms involving the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding site are very important to understand the development of this disease. Many researchers have used streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic animals to study changes in GR expression in the brain. However, few scientists have evaluated the hyperglycemic period following STZ exposure. In the present study, we found GR expression in the hippocampus varied based on the period after STZ administration for up to 4 weeks. We performed immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to validate the sequential alterations of GR expression in the hippocampus of STZ-treated type 1 diabetic rats. GR protein expression increased significantly until week 3 but decreased at week 4 following STZ administration. GR expression after 70 mg/kg STZ administration was highest at 3 weeks post-treatment and decreased thereafter. Although STZ-induced increase in GR expression in diabetic animals has been described, our data indicate that researchers should consider the sequential GR expression changes during the hyperglycemic period following STZ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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230
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Lovati AB, Drago L, Monti L, De Vecchi E, Previdi S, Banfi G, Romanò CL. Diabetic mouse model of orthopaedic implant-related Staphylococcus aureus infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67628. [PMID: 23818985 PMCID: PMC3688606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periprosthetic bacterial infections represent one of the most challenging orthopaedic complications that often require implant removal and surgical debridement and carry high social and economical costs. Diabetes is one of the most relevant risk factors of implant-related infection and its clinical occurrence is growing worldwide. The aim of the present study was to test a model of implant-related infection in the diabetic mouse, with a view to allow further investigation on the relative efficacy of prevention and treatment options in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Methodology A cohort of diabetic NOD/ShiLtJ mice was compared with non-diabetic CD1 mice as an in vivo model of S. aureus orthopaedic infection of bone and soft tissues after femur intramedullary pin implantation. We tested control and infected groups with 1×103 colony-forming units of S. aureus ATCC 25923 strain injected in the implant site. At 4 weeks post-inoculation, host response to infection, microbial biofilm formation, and bone damage were assessed by traditional diagnostic parameters (bacterial culture, C-reactive protein and white blood cell count), histological analysis and imaging techniques (micro computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy). Results Unlike the controls and the CD1 mice, all the diabetic mice challenged with a single inoculum of S. aureus displayed severe osteomyelitic changes around the implant. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the diabetic mouse can be successfully used in a model of orthopaedic implant-related infection. Furthermore, the same bacteria inoculum induced periprosthetic infection in all the diabetic mice but not in the controls. This animal model of implant-related infection in diabetes may be a useful tool to test in vivo treatments in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna B Lovati
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milan, Italy.
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231
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Ding GL, Huang HF. Paternal transgenerational glucose intolerance with epigenetic alterations in second generation offspring of GDM. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:451-2. [PMID: 23749000 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Lian Ding
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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232
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Whittington HJ, Harding I, Stephenson CIM, Bell R, Hausenloy DJ, Mocanu MM, Yellon DM. Cardioprotection in the aging, diabetic heart: the loss of protective Akt signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:694-704. [PMID: 23723063 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Old age and diabetes are risk factors that often coexist increasing the vulnerability of the heart to the lethal effects of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, to our knowledge, no investigations have examined IRI and cardioprotective signalling in animal models bearing these co-morbidities concomitantly. The ability of the heart to recover following IRI is greatly dependent on its innate cardioprotective potential, in which a central role is played by Akt. We aimed to investigate in an aging diabetic rat model, the susceptibility of the heart to IRI, the achievability of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) against this lethal event, and the changes in Akt signalling, as the main prosurvival intracellular pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Our data showed that the isolated hearts of aged, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats were more susceptible to sub-lethal injury and not amenable to cardioprotection via IPC, compared with younger diabetic rat hearts. Western blot analysis of the heart tissue suggested a chronic up-regulation of Akt phosphorylation, and reduced expression of the mitochondrial regulator PGC-1α and of the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase, potentially due to the Akt up-regulation. Moreover, no further activation of Akt could be achieved following IPC. CONCLUSION An increased susceptibility to IRI in the aged, diabetic heart could be a consequence of impaired Akt signalling due to chronic Akt phosphorylation. Additional Akt phosphorylation required for IPC protection may therefore not be possible in the aged, diabetic rat heart and may explain why this cardioprotective manoeuvre cannot be achieved in these hearts.
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233
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Bartelik A, Ciesla M, Kotlinowski J, Bartelik S, Czaplicki D, Grochot-Przeczek A, Kurowski K, Koteja P, Dulak J, Józkowicz A. Development of hyperglycemia and diabetes in captive Polish bank voles. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 183:69-78. [PMID: 23291363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has been detected in Danish and Swedish bank voles (Myodes glareolus). There are no data, however, concerning the prevalence of diabetes in populations from other geographic regions. We investigated the frequency and physiological effects of glucose metabolism disorders in captive bank voles from Poland. Single measurement of fasting blood glucose concentration performed in the 3-4month old captive-born bank Polish voles without any disease symptoms showed that 8% of individuals (22/284) displayed an impaired fasting glucose (IFG, blood glucose (BG) ≥100mg/dL) and 1% (4/284) showed hyperglycemia (BG ≥126mg/dL) which could suggest diabetes. Next, we analyzed blood glucose in samples taken once a month from an additional cohort of bank voles with (FHD), or without (H), a family history of diabetes. The prevalence of IFG at age six months was 26% (16/62) among bank voles from the H group. In the FHD group the prevalence increased to 49% (43/88), and additional 12% (11/88) became diabetic (DB, BG ≥126mg/dL at two time points). Postnatal stress (three maternal deprivations before weaning) did not affect the risk of developing IFG or DB in H voles, but significantly reduced the frequency of glucose metabolism disorders (IFG and DB combined) in FHD voles. IFG was associated with hyperinsulinemia, but not with other biochemical disturbances. Diabetic animals displayed a progressive malformation and vacuolization of β-cells in the pancreas, without visible leukocytic infiltrations. In summary, our results indicate that Polish captive bank voles can develop diabetes, which shows features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in humans. Risk of diabetes is higher in animal with FHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bartelik
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Yaochite JNU, Caliari-Oliveira C, Davanso MR, Carlos D, Ribeiro Malmegrim KC, Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso C, Ramalho LNZ, Palma PVB, Santana da Silva J, Cunha FQ, Covas DT, Voltarelli JC. Dynamic changes of the Th17/Tc17 and regulatory T cell populations interfere in the experimental autoimmune diabetes pathogenesis. Immunobiology 2013; 218:338-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dragneva G, Korpisalo P, Ylä-Herttuala S. Promoting blood vessel growth in ischemic diseases: challenges in translating preclinical potential into clinical success. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:312-22. [PMID: 23471910 PMCID: PMC3597014 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic therapy, which involves the use of an exogenous stimulus to promote blood vessel growth, is an attractive approach for the treatment of ischemic diseases. It has been shown in animal models that the stimulation of blood vessel growth leads to the growth of the whole vascular tree, improvement of ischemic tissue perfusion and improved muscle aerobic energy metabolism. However, very few positive results have been gained from Phase 2 and 3 clinical angiogenesis trials. Many reasons have been given for the failures of clinical trials, including poor transgene expression (in gene-therapy trials) and instability of the vessels induced by therapy. In this Review, we discuss the selection of preclinical models as one of the main reasons why clinical translation has been unsuccessful thus far. This issue has received little attention, but could have had dramatic implications on the expectations of clinical trials. We highlight crucial differences between human patients and animal models with regards to blood flow and pressure, as well as issues concerning the chronic nature of ischemic diseases in humans. We use these as examples to demonstrate why the results from preclinical trials might have overestimated the efficacy of angiogenic therapies developed to date. We also suggest ways in which currently available animal models of ischemic disease could be improved to better mimic human disease conditions, and offer advice on how to work with existing models to avoid overestimating the efficacy of new angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Dragneva
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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237
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Dietary fibre fermentability but not viscosity elicited the ‘second-meal effect’ in healthy adult dogs. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:960-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of fibre fermentability and viscosity in a morning meal on glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses to a glucose challenge later in the day in six healthy female dogs. For this purpose, two Latin square design experiments were performed. In Expt 1, dogs were fed a low-fibre (LF; 1 % Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corporation) and 1 % soya hulls) diet, a low-fermentable fibre (LFF; 5 % Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corporation) and 3 % soya hulls) diet or a high-fermentable fibre (HFF; 5 % pectin and 3 % short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides) diet. In Expt 2, dogs were fed a low-viscosity fibre (5 % Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corporation) and 3 % soya hulls) diet, a moderate-viscosity fibre (MVF; 2 % Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corporation), 2 % soya hulls, 2 % psyllium and 2 % pectin) diet or a high-viscosity fibre (HVF; 4 % psyllium and 4 % pectin) diet. Dogs were fed at 08.00, 12.00 and 16.00 hours on days 1–6 of each period. On day 7, dogs were fed at 08.00 hours and then dosed with maltodextrin at 12.00 hours. Data were analysed to identify baseline and incremental AUC (IAUC) changes among the treatments. In Expt 1, glucose IAUC0–180min was lower (P< 0·05) in dogs fed the HFF v. LF and LFF diets. Insulin and GLP-1 IAUC0–180min were not affected. In Expt 2, baseline GLP-1 was greater (P< 0·005) and baseline insulin was lower (P< 0·05) in dogs fed the HVF v. MVF diet, but glucose, insulin and GLP-1 IAUC0–180min were not affected. In summary, HFF in a morning meal has the potential to decrease blood glucose response in a consequent meal.
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Turner RC, Lucke-Wold B, Lucke-Wold N, Elliott AS, Logsdon AF, Rosen CL, Huber JD. Neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: moving past shortcomings and identifying promising directions. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1890-917. [PMID: 23344061 PMCID: PMC3565354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The translation of neuroprotective agents for ischemic stroke from bench-to-bedside has largely failed to produce improved treatments since the development of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). One possible reason for lack of translation is the failure to acknowledge the greatest risk factor for stroke, age, and other common comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes that are associated with stroke. In this review, we highlight both mechanisms of studying these factors and results of those that have been addressed. We also discuss the potential role of other lifestyle factors associated with an increased stroke risk such as sleep fragmentation and/or deprivation. Furthermore, many proposed therapeutic agents have targeted molecular mechanisms occurring soon after the onset of ischemia despite data indicating delayed patient presentation following ischemic stroke. Modulating inflammation has been identified as a promising therapeutic avenue consistent with preliminary success of ongoing clinical trials for anti-inflammatory compounds such as minocycline. We review the role of inflammation in stroke and in particular, the role of inflammatory cell recruitment and macrophage phenotype in the inflammatory process. Emerging evidence indicates an increasing role of neuro-immune crosstalk, which has led to increased interest in identification of peripheral biomarkers indicative of neural injury. It is our hope that identification and investigation of factors influencing stroke pathophysiology may lead to improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, One Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 9183, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (R.C.T.); (B.L.-W.); (A.S.E.)
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (N.L.-W.); (A.F.L.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, One Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 9183, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (R.C.T.); (B.L.-W.); (A.S.E.)
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (N.L.-W.); (A.F.L.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Noelle Lucke-Wold
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (N.L.-W.); (A.F.L.); (J.D.H.)
- Department of Health Restoration, West Virginia University School of Nursing, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Alisa S. Elliott
- Department of Neurosurgery, One Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 9183, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (R.C.T.); (B.L.-W.); (A.S.E.)
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (N.L.-W.); (A.F.L.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (N.L.-W.); (A.F.L.); (J.D.H.)
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Charles L. Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, One Medical Center Drive, West Virginia University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 9183, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (R.C.T.); (B.L.-W.); (A.S.E.)
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (N.L.-W.); (A.F.L.); (J.D.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-304-293-5041; Fax: +1-304-293-4819
| | - Jason D. Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; E-Mails: (N.L.-W.); (A.F.L.); (J.D.H.)
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Nagashima H, Matsunari H, Nakano K, Watanabe M, Umeyama K, Nagaya M. Advancing pig cloning technologies towards application in regenerative medicine. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 47 Suppl 4:120-6. [PMID: 22827360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is expected to make a significant contribution by development of novel therapeutic treatments for intractable diseases and for improving the quality of life of patients. Many advances in regenerative medicine, including basic and translational research, have been developed and tested in experimental animals; pigs have played an important role in various aspects of this work. The value of pigs as a model species is being enhanced by the generation of specially designed animals through cloning and genetic modifications, enabling more sophisticated research to be performed and thus accelerating the clinical application of regenerative medicine. This article reviews the significant aspects of the creation and application of cloned and genetically modified pigs in regenerative medicine research and considers the possible future directions of the technology. We also discuss the importance of reproductive biology as an interface between basic science and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagashima
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.
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240
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Wang S, Li Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Huang Y. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate podocyte injury and proteinuria in a type 1 diabetic nephropathy rat model. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:538-46. [PMID: 23295166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) attenuate albuminuria and preserve normal renal histology in diabetic mice. However, the effects of MSC on glomerular podocyte injury remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MSC on podocyte injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty days after diabetes induction by STZ injection (65 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in Sprague-Dawley rats, the diabetic rats received medium or 2 × 10(6) enhanced green fluorescent protein-labeled MSC via the renal artery. In vivo tracking of MSC was followed by immunofluorescence analysis. Diabetes-related physical and biochemical parameters were measured on day 60 after the MSC infusion. The expression of podocyte markers (nephrin and podocin), podocyte survival factors (VEGF and BMP-7), and the ultrastructural pathology of podocytes were also assessed. MSC were only detected in the glomeruli from the left kidney receiving MSC infusion. Compared with medium-treated diabetic rats, rats treated with MSC showed a suppressed increase in kidney weight, kidney to body weight index, creatinine clearance rate, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; however, the treatment had no effect on blood glucose or body weight levels. Furthermore, the MSC treatment reduced the loss of podocytes, effacement of foot processes, widening of foot processes, thickening of glomerular basal membrane (GBM), and loss of glomerular nephrin and podocin. Most important, MSC-injected kidneys expressed higher levels of BMP-7 but not of VEGF. Our results clearly demonstrated that intra-arterial administration of MSC prevented the development of albuminuria as well as any damage to or loss of podocytes, though there was no improvement in blood sugar levels. The protective effects of MSC may be mediated in part by increasing BMP-7 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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241
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Does rosiglitazone affect adiposity and cardiac function in genetic diabetic mice? Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 700:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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242
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Francés DE, Ingaramo PI, Ronco MT, Carnovale CE. Diabetes, an inflammatory process: Oxidative Stress and TNF-alpha involved in hepatic complication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2013.66079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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243
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Animal models of diabetes mellitus for islet transplantation. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:256707. [PMID: 23346100 PMCID: PMC3546491 DOI: 10.1155/2012/256707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to current improvements in techniques for islet isolation and transplantation and protocols for immunosuppressants, islet transplantation has become an effective treatment for severe diabetes patients. Many diabetic animal models have contributed to such improvements. In this paper, we focus on 3 types of models with different mechanisms for inducing diabetes mellitus (DM): models induced by drugs including streptozotocin (STZ), pancreatomized models, and spontaneous models due to autoimmunity. STZ-induced diabetes is one of the most commonly used experimental diabetic models and is employed using many specimens including rodents, pigs or monkeys. The management of STZ models is well established for islet studies. Pancreatomized models reveal different aspects compared to STZ-induced models in terms of loss of function in the increase and decrease of blood glucose and therefore are useful for evaluating the condition in total pancreatomized patients. Spontaneous models are useful for preclinical studies including the assessment of immunosuppressants because such models involve the same mechanisms as type 1 DM in the clinical setting. In conclusion, islet researchers should select suitable diabetic animal models according to the aim of the study.
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244
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Whittington HJ, Hall AR, McLaughlin CP, Hausenloy DJ, Yellon DM, Mocanu MM. Chronic Metformin Associated Cardioprotection Against Infarction: Not Just a Glucose Lowering Phenomenon. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-012-6425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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245
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Hanna-Mitchell AT, Ruiz GW, Daneshgari F, Liu G, Apodaca G, Birder LA. Impact of diabetes mellitus on bladder uroepithelial cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 304:R84-93. [PMID: 23174855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00129.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD), a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms including urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence. As DBD is commonly diagnosed late, it is important to understand the chronic impact of DM on bladder tissues. While changes in bladder smooth muscle and innervation have been reported in diabetic patients, the impact of DM on the specialized epithelial lining of the urinary bladder, the urothelium (UT), is largely unknown. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and electron microscopy were used to evaluate UT gene expression and cell morphology 3, 9, and 20 wk following streptozotocin (STZ) induction of DM in female Sprague-Dawley rats compared with age-matched control tissue. Desquamation of superficial (umbrella) cells was noted at 9 wk DM, indicating a possible breach in barrier function. One causative factor may be metabolic burden due to chronic hyperglycemia, suggested by upregulation of the polyol pathway and glucose transport genes in DM UT. While superficial UT repopulation occurred by 20 wk DM, the phenotype was different, with significant upregulation of receptors associated with UT mechanosensation (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1; TRPV1) and UT autocrine/paracrine signaling (acetylcholine receptors AChR-M2 and -M3, purinergic receptors P2X(2) and P2X(3)). Compromised barrier function and alterations in UT mechanosensitivity and cell signaling could contribute to bladder instability, hyperactivity, and altered bladder sensation by modulating activity of afferent nerve endings, which appose the urothelium. Our results show that DM impacts urothelial homeostasis and may contribute to the underlying mechanisms of DBD.
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246
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Xiao C, Wu QP, Cai W, Tan JB, Yang XB, Zhang JM. Hypoglycemic effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in type 2 diabetic mice. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1793-801. [PMID: 23139131 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our aims were to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms of action of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) administered for 7 days in type 2 diabetic mice. The mice were randomly divided into four groups (8 mice/group): normal control group, diabetic control group, low-dose GLP-treated diabetic group (50 mg/kg/d), and high-dose GLP-treated diabetic group (100 mg/kg/d). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection and high-fat dietary feeding. At the end of the study, fasting serum glucose, insulin, body weight (BW) and epididymal white adipose tissue weight were measured. The hepatic mRNA levels of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both doses of GLPs significantly decreased fasting serum glucose, insulin and epididymal fat/BW ratio compared with the diabetic control group (p < 0.05). The hepatic mRNA levels of GP, FBPase, PEPCK and G6Pase were significantly lower in both GLP-treated groups compared with the diabetic control group. Taken together, GLPs significantly decrease fasting serum glucose levels in type 2 diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner. The decreases in fasting serum glucose levels may be associated with decreased mRNA expression levels of several key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis and/or glycogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Ministry of Guangdong Province Joint Breeding Base, South China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.
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247
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Chow JP, Simionescu DT, Warner H, Wang B, Patnaik SS, Liao J, Simionescu A. Mitigation of diabetes-related complications in implanted collagen and elastin scaffolds using matrix-binding polyphenol. Biomaterials 2012; 34:685-95. [PMID: 23103157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a major need for scaffold-based tissue engineered vascular grafts and heart valves with long-term patency and durability to be used in diabetic cardiovascular patients. We hypothesized that diabetes, by virtue of glycoxidation reactions, can directly crosslink implanted scaffolds, drastically altering their properties. In order to investigate the fate of tissue engineered scaffolds in diabetic conditions, we prepared valvular collagen scaffolds and arterial elastin scaffolds by decellularization and implanted them subdermally in diabetic rats. Both types of scaffolds exhibited significant levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), chemical crosslinking and stiffening -alterations which are not favorable for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Pre-implantation treatment of collagen and elastin scaffolds with penta-galloyl glucose (PGG), an antioxidant and matrix-binding polyphenol, chemically stabilized the scaffolds, reduced their enzymatic degradation, and protected them from diabetes-related complications by reduction of scaffold-bound AGE levels. PGG-treated scaffolds resisted diabetes-induced crosslinking and stiffening, were protected from calcification, and exhibited controlled remodeling in vivo, thereby supporting future use of diabetes-resistant scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Chow
- Biocompatibility and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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248
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Vascular disease in diabetic women: Why do they miss the female protection? EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:570598. [PMID: 22973304 PMCID: PMC3438753 DOI: 10.1155/2012/570598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gender plays a pivotal role in the onset as well as in the progression of the cardiovascular disease with a higher morbidity and mortality being detected in men with respect to women. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may reduce gender-related differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease by fading the vascular protective effects afforded by estrogen in females. This article will discuss the role of sex and sex hormones on the incidence and mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction associated to T2DM, which might explain why women with T2DM lack the vascular protection.
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249
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Bnouham M, Benalla W, Bellahcen S, Hakkou Z, Ziyyat A, Mekhfi H, Aziz M, Legssyer A. Antidiabetic and antihypertensive effect of a polyphenol-rich fraction of Thymelaea hirsuta L. in a model of neonatal streptozotocin-diabetic and N(G) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-hypertensive rats. J Diabetes 2012; 4:307-13. [PMID: 22519949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the effect of the polyphenol-rich fraction from Thymelaea hirsuta (PRF-Th) in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes and nitric oxide (NO)-deficient hypertension. METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (90 mg/kg, i.p.). To induce NO-deficient hypertension, rats were treated with the NO synthase inhibitor N(G) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; l-NAME; 30 mg/kg per day, p.o. for 3 weeks. The effects of 21 days treatment with 80 mg/kg per day PRF-Th in the drinking water were evaluated in diabetic-hypertensive (DH) rats. In all groups (n = 6 in each), glycemia and systolic blood pressure were determined weekly. At the end of the experiment, hepatic glycogen was determined. RESULTS Blood glucose levels decreased gradually from baseline until the end of the experiment in untreated DH rats (from 1.92 ± 0.09 to 1.3 ± 0.1 g/L; P < 0.05). Administration of PRF-Th concomitantly with l-NAME prevented the blood pressure increase in rats. After 21 days, blood pressure in PRF-Th + l-NAME- and l-NAME-treated rats was 132 ± 1 and 157 ± 1 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001). Administration of 2 mL/kg per day PRF-Th to DH rats significantly increased hepatic glycogen levels compared with levels in untreated DH rats (13.65 ± 1.84 vs 6.34 ± 0.75 mg/g tissue, respectively; P < 0.01). Moreover, PRF-Th significantly reduced the amount of glucose absorbed in in situ perfused jejunum segments compared with control (by 33.6%; P <0.001). This effect of PRF-Th was comparable with that of acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that T. hirsuta has antidiabetic and antihypertensive activity in STZ-diabetic, NO-deficient hypertensive rats. This effect seems to be due to its rich polyphenol content. Therefore, T. hirsuta may be useful as a food supplement for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bnouham
- Department of Biology, University Mohamed Ist, Oujda, Morocco.
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250
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Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Snyder M, Hardison R, Ren B, Gingeras T, Gilbert DM, Groudine M, Bender M, Kaul R, Canfield T, Giste E, Johnson A, Zhang M, Balasundaram G, Byron R, Roach V, Sabo PJ, Sandstrom R, Stehling AS, Thurman RE, Weissman SM, Cayting P, Hariharan M, Lian J, Cheng Y, Landt SG, Ma Z, Wold BJ, Dekker J, Crawford GE, Keller CA, Wu W, Morrissey C, Kumar SA, Mishra T, Jain D, Byrska-Bishop M, Blankenberg D, Lajoie1 BR, Jain G, Sanyal A, Chen KB, Denas O, Taylor J, Blobel GA, Weiss MJ, Pimkin M, Deng W, Marinov GK, Williams BA, Fisher-Aylor KI, Desalvo G, Kiralusha A, Trout D, Amrhein H, Mortazavi A, Edsall L, McCleary D, Kuan S, Shen Y, Yue F, Ye Z, Davis CA, Zaleski C, Jha S, Xue C, Dobin A, Lin W, Fastuca M, Wang H, Guigo R, Djebali S, Lagarde J, Ryba T, Sasaki T, Malladi VS, Cline MS, Kirkup VM, Learned K, Rosenbloom KR, Kent WJ, Feingold EA, Good PJ, Pazin M, Lowdon RF, Adams LB. An encyclopedia of mouse DNA elements (Mouse ENCODE). Genome Biol 2012; 13:418. [PMID: 22889292 PMCID: PMC3491367 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-8-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To complement the human Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project and to enable a broad range of mouse genomics efforts, the Mouse ENCODE Consortium is applying the same experimental pipelines developed for human ENCODE to annotate the mouse genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ross Hardison
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thomas Gingeras
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - David M Gilbert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Mark Groudine
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Bender
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rajinder Kaul
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theresa Canfield
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erica Giste
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Audra Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mia Zhang
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gayathri Balasundaram
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Byron
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vaughan Roach
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter J Sabo
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard Sandstrom
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Sandra Stehling
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert E Thurman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Philip Cayting
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Manoj Hariharan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jin Lian
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephen G Landt
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhihai Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Barbara J Wold
- Div. of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Job Dekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cheryl A Keller
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Morrissey
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Swathi A Kumar
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tejaswini Mishra
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marta Byrska-Bishop
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Blankenberg
- Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bryan R Lajoie1
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Amartya Sanyal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Kaun-Bei Chen
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olgert Denas
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Taylor
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gerd A Blobel
- Div. of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Div. of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Max Pimkin
- Div. of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wulan Deng
- Div. of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- Div. of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brian A Williams
- Div. of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | - Gilberto Desalvo
- Div. of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Anthony Kiralusha
- Div. of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Diane Trout
- Div. of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Henry Amrhein
- Div. of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Dept. of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine California, USA
| | - Lee Edsall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David McCleary
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samantha Kuan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carrie A Davis
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Chris Zaleski
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Sonali Jha
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Chenghai Xue
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Alex Dobin
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Wei Lin
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Meagan Fastuca
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Huaien Wang
- Dept. of Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Roderic Guigo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sarah Djebali
- Division of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Division of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Tyrone Ryba
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Takayo Sasaki
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Venkat S Malladi
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Melissa S Cline
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Vanessa M Kirkup
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Katrina Learned
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Kate R Rosenbloom
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - W James Kent
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Elise A Feingold
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter J Good
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Pazin
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca F Lowdon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie B Adams
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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