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Vilsmaier T, Amann N, Löb S, Schmoeckel E, Kuhn C, Zati Zehni A, Meister S, Beyer S, Kolben TM, Becker J, Mumm JN, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Kolben T. The decidual expression of Interleukin-7 is upregulated in early pregnancy loss. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13437. [PMID: 33934432 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal immunological rejection of the semi-allogenic fetus is discussed as one of the significant factors involved in early pregnancy loss. An array of cytokines secreted by both maternal and fetal cells is involved in generating a delicate maternal immune tolerance. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is discussed to play a key role in pro-inflammatory processes, but there is still limited insight into the pathophysiological input on placentation and embryonic development in early pregnancy loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cytokine level differences were identified with quantitative real-time PCR in placental tissue from spontaneous abortions (SA) (n = 18), recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) (n = 15), and healthy pregnancies (n = 15) at gestational weeks 7 to 14. Protein expression of IL-7 in the decidua was investigated by immunohistochemistry. IL-7-expressing cells were identified with double-immunofluorescence. RESULTS Decidua of women with RSA expressed almost 51-times higher values of IL-7 in gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemistry identified a significant upregulation of IL-7 in the decidua of RSA specimens (p = .013) and in the decidua of women with SA (p = .004). Double-immunofluorescence confirmed decidual stroma cells as IL-7-expressing cells. CONCLUSION Significantly elevated IL-7 values in the decidua of spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages imply a crucial role of the cytokine in the signaling at the feto-maternal interface of the placenta. An overexpression of IL-7 could result in early pregnancy loss by inducing a pro-inflammatory environment. Proven to be valuable in other autoimmune diseases, targeting IL-7 signaling therapeutically may prove to be a very beneficial treatment option for RSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas Amann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Sanja Löb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Alaleh Zati Zehni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Meister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa M Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Becker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Niclas Mumm
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
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202
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Zolfaghari MA, Arefnezhad R, Parhizkar F, Hejazi MS, Motavalli Khiavi F, Mahmoodpoor A, Yousefi M. T lymphocytes and preeclampsia: The potential role of T-cell subsets and related MicroRNAs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13475. [PMID: 34043850 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune systems have a crucial role in initiating and progressing some pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia (PE), which is one of the pregnancy-specific disorders that could result in neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The dysregulation of the spiral artery and inadequate trophoblast invasion lead to PE symptoms through producing various inflammatory cytokines and anti-angiogenic factors from the placenta. T lymphocytes play a special role in the epithelium and stroma of the human endometrium. CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, Th1/Th2, and Th17/T regulatory (Treg) balance mainly contribute to the establishment of a pregnancy-favorable environment. This review examined the dysregulation of some cytokines produced from T cells, the dysregulation of the transcription factors of Th cells, the expression of chemokine receptors on T cells, as well as the effects of some factors including vitamin D on the activity of T cells, and finally, the dysregulation of various miRNAs related to T cells, which could cause PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zolfaghari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Arefnezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Parhizkar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Motavalli Khiavi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Virology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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203
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Andrade CBV, Monteiro VRDS, Coelho SVA, Gomes HR, Sousa RPC, Nascimento VMDO, Bloise FF, Matthews SG, Bloise E, Arruda LB, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. ZIKV Disrupts Placental Ultrastructure and Drug Transporter Expression in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680246. [PMID: 34093581 PMCID: PMC8176859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can induce fetal brain abnormalities. Here, we investigated whether maternal ZIKV infection affects placental physiology and metabolic transport potential and impacts the fetal outcome, regardless of viral presence in the fetus at term. Low (103 PFU-ZIKVPE243; low ZIKV) and high (5x107 PFU-ZIKVPE243; high ZIKV) virus titers were injected into immunocompetent (ICompetent C57BL/6) and immunocompromised (ICompromised A129) mice at gestational day (GD) 12.5 for tissue collection at GD18.5 (term). High ZIKV elicited fetal death rates of 66% and 100%, whereas low ZIKV induced fetal death rates of 0% and 60% in C57BL/6 and A129 dams, respectively. All surviving fetuses exhibited intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and decreased placental efficiency. High-ZIKV infection in C57BL/6 and A129 mice resulted in virus detection in maternal spleens and placenta, but only A129 fetuses presented virus RNA in the brain. Nevertheless, pregnancies in both strains produced fetuses with decreased head sizes (p<0.05). Low-ZIKV-A129 dams had higher IL-6 and CXCL1 levels (p<0.05), and their placentas showed increased CCL-2 and CXCL-1 contents (p<0.05). In contrast, low-ZIKV-C57BL/6 dams had an elevated CCL2 serum level and increased type I and II IFN expression in the placenta. Notably, less abundant microvilli and mitochondrial degeneration were evidenced in the placental labyrinth zone (Lz) of ICompromised and high-ZIKV-ICompetent mice but not in low-ZIKV-C57BL/6 mice. In addition, decreased placental expression of the drug transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) and the lipid transporter Abca1 was detected in all ZIKV-infected groups, but Bcrp and Abca1 were only reduced in ICompromised and high-ZIKV ICompetent mice. Our data indicate that gestational ZIKV infection triggers specific proinflammatory responses and affects placental turnover and transporter expression in a manner dependent on virus concentration and maternal immune status. Placental damage may impair proper fetal-maternal exchange function and fetal growth/survival, likely contributing to congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanailly Ribeiro Gomes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronny Paiva Campos Sousa
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Fonseca Bloise
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephen Giles Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros Arruda
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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204
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Sawyer L. β-Lactoglobulin and Glycodelin: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Front Physiol 2021; 12:678080. [PMID: 34093238 PMCID: PMC8173191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The two lipocalins, β-lactoglobulin (βLg) and glycodelin (Gd), are possibly the most closely related members of the large and widely distributed lipocalin family, yet their functions appear to be substantially different. Indeed, the function of β-lactoglobulin, a major component of ruminant milk, is still unclear although neonatal nutrition is clearly important. On the other hand, glycodelin has several specific functions in reproduction conferred through distinct, tissue specific glycosylation of the polypeptide backbone. It is also associated with some cancer outcomes. The glycodelin gene, PAEP, reflecting one of its names, progestagen-associated endometrial protein, is expressed in many though not all primates, but the name has now also been adopted for the β-lactoglobulin gene (HGNC, www.genenames.org). After a general overview of the two proteins in the context of the lipocalin family, this review considers the properties of each in the light of their physiological functional significance, supplementing earlier reviews to include studies from the past decade. While the biological function of glycodelin is reasonably well defined, that of β-lactoglobulin remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sawyer
- School of Biological Sciences, IQB3, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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205
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Lee DK, Nevo O. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression is increased in maternal microvascular endothelial cells in preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2021; 40:193-201. [PMID: 33979559 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2021.1921794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the expression and effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in maternal endothelial cells in preeclampsia (PE).Methods: Expression levels in primary microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) isolated from patients with severe preeclampsia (PE) and normal pregnancies were determined by RT-qPCR with or without treatment of TNFα and inhibitors for downstream signaling.Results: PE MVEC exhibited increased basal TNFα expression. TNFα treatment increased TNFα, VCAM, and endocan expression in MVEC.Conclusion: TNFα expression is increased in PE MVEC and the treatment of these cells with exogenous TNFα modifies their gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori Nevo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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206
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Bai K, Li X, Zhong J, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Lee CL, Chiu PCN. Placenta-Derived Exosomes as a Modulator in Maternal Immune Tolerance During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671093. [PMID: 34046039 PMCID: PMC8144714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles with an average diameter of ~100nm. Exosomes are released by all cells through an endosome-dependent pathway and carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, cytokines and metabolites, mirroring the state of the originating cells. The function of exosomes has been implicated in various reproduction processes, such as embryo development, implantation, decidualization and placentation. Placenta-derived exosomes (pEXO) can be detected in the maternal blood as early as 6 weeks after conception and their levels increase with gestational age. Importantly, alternations in the molecular signatures of pEXO are observed in pregnancy-related complications. Thus, these differentially expressed molecules could be the potential biomarkers for diagnosis of the pregnancy-associated diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that pEXO play a key role in the establishment of maternal immune tolerance, which is critical for a successful pregnancy. To gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism, we highlighted the advanced studies of pEXO on immune cells in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangming Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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207
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Kim MA, Kim YH, Chun J, Lee HS, Park SJ, Cheon JH, Kim TI, Kim WH, Park JJ. The Influence of Disease Activity on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:719-732. [PMID: 33175122 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Robust evidence regarding the impact of disease activity on pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is crucial for both clinicians and patients in preparing a birth plan. We sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the pooled influences of disease activity on pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the COCHRANE library to identify articles comparing pregnancy outcomes between active and inactive IBD at the time of conception or during pregnancy. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to pool estimates and report odds ratios [ORs]. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. In women with active IBD, the pooled ORs for low birth weight [LBW], preterm birth, small for gestational age [SGA], spontaneous abortion and stillbirths were respectively 3.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81-8.02), 2.42 [95% CI 1.74-3.35], 1.48 [95% CI 1.19-1.85], 1.87 [95% CI 1.17-3.0] and 2.27 [95% CI 1.03-5.04] compared to women with inactive IBD. In the subgroup analysis based on disease type, women with active ulcerative colitis had an increased risk of LBW, preterm birth and spontaneous abortion. Women with active Crohn's disease had a higher risk of preterm birth, SGA and spontaneous abortion. CONCLUSIONS Active IBD during the periconception period and pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our data suggest that pregnancy should be planned when the disease is quiescent, and continuous disease control is important even during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-A Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Han Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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208
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Anand P, Stahel VP. Review the safety of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines: a review. Patient Saf Surg 2021; 15:20. [PMID: 33933145 PMCID: PMC8087878 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-021-00291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 100 million people globally within the first year of the pandemic. With a death toll surpassing 500,000 in the United States alone, containing the pandemic is predicated on achieving herd immunity on a global scale. This implies that at least 70-80 % of the population must achieve active immunity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), either as a result of a previous COVID-19 infection or by vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In December 2020, the first two vaccines were approved by the FDA through emergency use authorization in the United States. These vaccines are based on the mRNA vaccine platform and were developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. Published safety and efficacy trials reported high efficacy rates of 94-95 % after two interval doses, in conjunction with limited side effects and a low rate of adverse reactions. The rapid pace of vaccine development and the uncertainty of potential long-term adverse effects raised some level of hesitation against mRNA vaccines in the global community. A successful vaccination campaign is contingent on widespread access to the vaccine under appropriate storage conditions, deployment of a sufficient number of vaccinators, and the willingness of the population to be vaccinated. Thus, it is important to clarify the objective data related to vaccine safety, including known side effects and potential adverse reactions. The present review was designed to provide an update on the current state of science related to the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Anand
- University of Colorado (CU) School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Vincent P Stahel
- University of Colorado (CU) Boulder Undergraduate Program, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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209
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Hu X, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Mor G, Liao A. Newly characterized decidual Tim-3+ Treg cells are abundant during early pregnancy and driven by IL-27 coordinately with Gal-9 from trophoblasts. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2454-2466. [PMID: 33107565 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the mechanism of Tim-3+ regulatory T (Treg)-cell accumulation in the decidua during early pregnancy and is its disruption associated with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)? SUMMARY ANSWER IL-27 and Gal-9 secreted by trophoblasts activate the Tim-3 signaling pathway in CD4+ T cells and Treg cells and so promote accumulation of Tim-3+ Treg cells, the abnormal expression of IL-27 and Gal-9 is associated with impaired immunologic tolerance in RPL patients. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Tim-3+ Treg cells are better suppressors of Teff cell proliferation, and display higher proliferative activity than Tim-3- Treg cells. Tim-3+ Treg cells are tissue-specific promoters of T-cell dysfunction in many tumors. These cells express a unique factor that influences and shapes the tumor microenvironment. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The animal study included 80 normal pregnant mice. In human study, decidua tissues in the first trimester for flow cytometry analysis were collected from 32 normal pregnant women and 23 RPL patients. Placenta tissues for immunohistochemistry analysis were collected from 15 normal pregnant women. Placenta tissues for western blot analysis were collected from 5 normal pregnant women, 5 RPL patients and 5 women who have experienced one miscarriage. Blood samples for in vitro experiments were collected from 30 normal pregnant women. This study was performed between January 2017 and March 2019. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS In this study, we investigated the kinetics of Tim-3+ CD4+ T-cell accumulation, and the proportions of Tim-3+ Treg cells throughout murine pregnancies using flow cytometry. We compared Tim-3 expression on decidual CD4+ T cells and Treg cells during normal pregnancies with expression on the same cell populations in women suffering from RPL. IL-27 and Gal-9 transcription and protein expression in the placenta were determined by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. An in vitro co-culture model consisting of peripheral CD4+ T cells and primary trophoblasts from early pregnancy was used to mimic the maternal-fetal environment. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The percentage of Tim-3+ Treg cells present in mouse uteri fluctuates as gestation proceeds but does not change in the spleen. Levels of Tim3+ Treg cells in uteri peaked at pregnancy Day 6.5 (E 6.5), then progressively diminished, and fell to non-pregnant levels by E18.5. In pregnant mice, Tim-3+ Treg cells constituted 40-70% of Treg cells in uteri but were present at much lower abundance in spleens. About 60% of decidual Treg cells were Tim-3 positive at E6.5. Of these decidual Tim3+ Treg cells, nearly 90% were PD-1 positive. However, only about 16% of Tim3- Treg cells expressed PD-1. Blocking the Tim-3 signaling pathway decreased the proportion of Treg cells and led to embryo resorption. Moreover, much lower Tim-3 expression was observed on CD4+ T cells and Treg cells in women who had suffered from RPL at 6-9 gestational weeks compared with those who had normal pregnancies at matched gestations. In a normal pregnancy, Tim-3 expression on decidual CD4+ T cells is induced initially by IL-27. Then Gal-9-Tim-3 interaction promotes differentiation of decidual Tim-3+ CD4+ T cells into Treg cells. IL-27 and Gal-9 cooperatively induced Tim-3+ Treg cells in vitro. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We did not investigate the kinetics of human decidual Tim-3+ CD4+ T and Tim-3+ Treg cell populations throughout pregnancy due to limited availability of second and third trimester decidua. In addition, functional suppressive data on the decidual Tim-3+ Treg cells are lacking due to limited and low quantities of these cells in decidua. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings might have therapeutic clinical implications in RPL. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81871186) and National Key Research & Developmental Program of China (2018YFC1003900, 2018YFC1003904). The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liling Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gil Mor
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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210
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Nam JH, Lee JH, Choi SY, Jung NC, Song JY, Seo HG, Lim DS. Functional Ambivalence of Dendritic Cells: Tolerogenicity and Immunogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094430. [PMID: 33922658 PMCID: PMC8122871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and inducers of T cell-mediated immunity. Although DCs play a central role in promoting adaptive immune responses against growing tumors, they also establish and maintain peripheral tolerance. DC activity depends on the method of induction and/or the presence of immunosuppressive agents. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) induce immune tolerance by activating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and/or by producing cytokines that inhibit T cell activation. These findings suggest that tDCs may be an effective treatment for autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea; (J.-H.N.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Pharos Vaccine Inc., 14 Galmachiro 288 bun-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13201, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (N.-C.J.)
| | - So-Yeon Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea; (J.-H.N.); (S.-Y.C.)
| | - Nam-Chul Jung
- Pharos Vaccine Inc., 14 Galmachiro 288 bun-gil, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13201, Korea; (J.-H.L.); (N.-C.J.)
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Department of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Han-Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea; (J.-H.N.); (S.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-2770-4777
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Kamrani A, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Shiri S, Yousefzadeh Y, Pourakbari R, Aghebati-Maleki L, Mehdizadeh A, Danaii S, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi B, Kafil HS, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Motavalli R, Zolfaghari M, Haji-Fatahaliha M, Mahmoodpoor A, Ahmadian Heris J, Emdadi A, Yousefi M. TIGIT and CD155 as Immune-Modulator Receptor and Ligand on CD4 + T cells in Preeclampsia Patients. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1023-1038. [PMID: 33855917 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1904976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the main characteristics of preeclampsia (PE) is systemic inflammation. CD4+ FoxP3+ cells play a critical role in both fetomaternal tolerance and successful pregnancy. T-cell immunoglobulin, as well as immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT)/CD155 pathway, possesses critical parts in the development of normal pregnancy by promoting regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, in PE, the relationship between TIGIT/CD155 and Treg differentiation has not been entirely clarified. In the current report, we aimed to assess the frequency of TIGIT and CD155 expressing TCD4+ cells in both PE and healthy pregnant women, as well as evaluating the amount of inflammatory and inhibitory cytokines at both mRNA and protein levels before and after blocking TIGIT and CD155. In the present report, 59 healthy, and 52 PE patients were designated to obtain their venous blood. The isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was performed from the blood samples, and PBMCs were then cultured in the RPMI1640 medium. The percentage of CD155+ and TIGIT+ CD4+ cells was assessed by flow cytometry in PBMCs. Cell culture supernatants were utilized to evaluate the secretory levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1 β, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique in pregnant women with or without PE both before and after blocking TIGIT and CD155. The mRNA expression of Foxp3, TIGIT, CD155, SHP-1, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β was also assessed by qRT-PCR in PBMCs before and after blocking TIGIT and CD155 in both populations. The data showed a significant decrease in the frequency of TIGIT+ CD4+ and CD155+ CD4+ T cells in PE women, compared to the control group. Our results showed decreased protein and mRNA levels of TIGIT, CD155, IL-10, FOXP3, and SHP-1 in PE patients. In addition, significant improvements in the levels of IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-1β were observed in PE patients, as compared with the controls. However, blocking TIGIT and CD155 could increase these inflammatory cytokines and decrease anti-inflammatory cytokines. The data obtained in this report illustrated that there existed an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profiles, with an inflammatory status polarization, in PE patients. Additionally, TIGIT/CD155 showed a positive effect on immune regulation by activating ITIM, demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of the TIGIT/CD155 pathway in PE treatment. Also, using some proteins or materials that increased TIGIT/CD155 pathways activity and can be a therapeutic approach in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kamrani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadaf Shiri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Yousefzadeh
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Pourakbari
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center. Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Haji-Fatahaliha
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asma Emdadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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212
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Yousefzadeh Y, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Hemmatzadeh M, Shomali N, Mahmoodpoor A, Ahmadian Heris J, Yousefi M. Fetomaternal Immune Tolerance: Crucial Mechanisms of Tolerance for Successful Pregnancy in Humans. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1108-1125. [PMID: 33830854 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1909061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, the question of how the maternal immune system tolerates the foreign fetus has remained unanswered, and numerous studies have considerably attempted to elucidate underlying mechanisms for fetomaternal tolerance. This review aimed at discussing various significant mechanisms in fetomaternal compatibility. At the fetomaternal interface, in addition to having efficient control against infections, innate and adaptive maternal immune systems selectively prevent fetal rejection. In general, understanding the complex mechanisms of fetomaternal tolerance is critical for immunologic tolerance induction and spontaneous abortion prevention in high-risk populations. Different cells and molecules, such as regulatory T-cells, dendritic cells, decidua cells, IDO, Class I HLA molecules, TGF-β, and IL-10, induce maternal immune tolerance in the fetus in numerous ways. The findings on fetomaternal immune tolerance have remained controversial and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Yousefzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Committee Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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213
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Arranz-Solís D, Mukhopadhyay D, Saeij JJP. Toxoplasma Effectors that Affect Pregnancy Outcome. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:283-295. [PMID: 33234405 PMCID: PMC7954850 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As an immune-privileged organ, the placenta can tolerate the introduction of antigens without inducing a strong inflammatory response that would lead to abortion. However, for the control of intracellular pathogens, a strong Th1 response characterized by the production of interferon-γ is needed. Thus, invasion of the placenta by intracellular parasites puts the maternal immune system in a quandary: The proinflammatory response needed to eliminate the pathogen can also lead to abortion. Toxoplasma is a highly successful parasite that causes lifelong chronic infections and is a major cause of abortions in humans and livestock. Here, we discuss how Toxoplasma strain type and parasite effectors influence host cell signaling pathways, and we speculate about how this might affect the outcome of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arranz-Solís
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Debanjan Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen J P Saeij
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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214
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Garcia-Flores V, Romero R, Xu Y, Theis K, Arenas-Hernandez M, Miller D, Peyvandipour A, Galaz J, Levenson D, Bhatti G, Gershater M, Pusod E, Kracht D, Florova V, Leng Y, Tao L, Faucett M, Para R, Hsu CD, Zhang G, Tarca A, Pique-Regi R, Gomez-Lopez N. Maternal-Fetal Immune Responses in Pregnant Women Infected with SARS-CoV-2. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021. [PMID: 33821263 PMCID: PMC8020997 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-362886/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women are a high-risk population for severe/critical COVID-19 and mortality. However, the maternal-fetal immune responses initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and whether this virus is detectable in the placenta, are still under investigation. Herein, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy primarily induced specific maternal inflammatory responses in the circulation and at the maternal-fetal interface, the latter being governed by T cells and macrophages. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was also associated with a cytokine response in the fetal circulation (i.e. umbilical cord blood) without compromising the cellular immune repertoire. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection neither altered fetal cellular immune responses in the placenta nor induced elevated cord blood levels of IgM. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in the placental tissues, nor was the sterility of the placenta compromised by maternal viral infection. This study provides insight into the maternal-fetal immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 and further emphasizes the rarity of placental infection.
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215
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Zolfaghari MA, Motavalli R, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Parhizkar F, Danaii S, Aghebati-Maleki L, Noori M, Dolati S, Ahmadi M, Samadi Kafil H, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Ahmadian Heris J, Mahmoodpoor A, Hejazi MS, Yousefi M. A new approach to the preeclampsia puzzle; MicroRNA-326 in CD4 + lymphocytes might be as a potential suspect. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103317. [PMID: 33813342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alongside many complications in understanding the etiology of Preeclampsia (PE), several determinants, such as the imbalanced proportion of anti-angiogenic/proangiogenic T-cell subsets, especially CD4+ (Th17/Treg), as well as alterations in the expression profile of related cytokines, miRNAs, and transcription factors might have been implicated in PE pathogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHOD After sample collection and preparation, CD4+ cells were isolated from PE and non-PE pregnant woman and were cultured. Furthermore, analysis such as flow cytometry, real-time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were performed to assess determinants related to PE manifestation, including sFlt-1, sEng, STAT-3, RORγt, SMAD-7, Foxp3, IL-17, IL-22, Ets-1, and miRNA-326. RESULTS Our results showed that the miRNA-326 expression level increased in CD4+ Cells and Th17 in PE patients which downregulated Ets-1 expression that acts as a negative control for Th17 development. Furthermore, we showed that the number and expression level of Th17 s and transcription factor RORγt escalated, respectively. While Treg and its related transcription factor (Foxp3) demonstrated a decrease. Flow cytometry analysis illustrated that the Th17/Treg ratio increased in PE. Additionally, we demonstrated that expression and concentration levels of cytokines (IL-17 and IL22) and anti-angiogenic molecules (sEng and sFlt-1) soared in isolated CD4+ cells from PE patients, which could be correlated with PE pathogenicity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we comprehensively evaluated immunological factors and molecules involved in PE manifestation. Interestingly, the CD4+ T-cell subset could be an extra source of antiangiogenic factors for the maintenance of this hypertension disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zolfaghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Forough Parhizkar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Noori
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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216
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Keestra SM, Male V, Salali GD. Out of balance: the role of evolutionary mismatches in the sex disparity in autoimmune disease. Med Hypotheses 2021; 151:110558. [PMID: 33964604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past century autoimmune disease incidence has increased rapidly in (post-) industrialised, affluent societies, suggesting that changes in ecology and lifestyle are driving this development. Epidemiological studies show that (i) 80% of autoimmune disease patients are female, (ii) autoimmune diseases co-occur more often in women, and (iii) the incidence of some autoimmune diseases is increasing faster in women than in men. The female preponderance in autoimmunity is most pronounced between puberty and menopause, suggesting that diverging sex hormone levels during the reproductive years are implicated in autoimmune disease development. Using an evolutionary perspective, we build on the hypotheses that female immunity is cyclical in menstruating species and that natural selection shaped the female immune system to optimise the implantation and gestation of a semi-allogeneic foetus. We propose that cyclical immunomodulation and female immune tolerance mechanisms are currently out of balance because of a mismatch between the conditions under which they evolved and (post-)industrialised, affluent lifestyles. We suggest that current changes in autoimmune disease prevalence may be caused by increases in lifetime exposure to cyclical immunomodulation and ovarian hormone exposure, reduced immune challenges, increased reproductive lifespan, changed reproductive patterns, and enhanced positive energy balance associated with (post-)industrialised, affluent lifestyles. We discuss proximate mechanisms by which oestrogen and progesterone influence tolerance induction and immunomodulation, and review the effect of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and contraceptive use on autoimmune disease incidence and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai M Keestra
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Global Health & Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
| | - Victoria Male
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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217
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Magatti M, Masserdotti A, Cargnoni A, Papait A, Stefani FR, Silini AR, Parolini O. The Role of B Cells in PE Pathophysiology: A Potential Target for Perinatal Cell-Based Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3405. [PMID: 33810280 PMCID: PMC8037408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) is poorly understood; however, there is a large body of evidence that suggests a role of immune cells in the development of PE. Amongst these, B cells are a dominant element in the pathogenesis of PE, and they have been shown to play an important role in various immune-mediated diseases, both as pro-inflammatory and regulatory cells. Perinatal cells are defined as cells from birth-associated tissues isolated from term placentas and fetal annexes and more specifically from the amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, chorionic villi, umbilical cord (including Wharton's jelly), the basal plate, and the amniotic fluid. They have drawn particular attention in recent years due to their ability to modulate several aspects of immunity, making them promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of various immune-mediated diseases. In this review we describe main findings regarding the multifaceted in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of perinatal cells, with a focus on B lymphocytes. Indeed, we discuss evidence on the ability of perinatal cells to inhibit B cell proliferation, impair B cell differentiation, and promote regulatory B cell formation. Therefore, the findings discussed herein unveil the possibility to modulate B cell activation and function by exploiting perinatal immunomodulatory properties, thus possibly representing a novel therapeutic strategy in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Alice Masserdotti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Andrea Papait
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Francesca Romana Stefani
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (F.R.S.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
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218
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Gao J, Guo H, Zhu L, Yang B, Zhang J, Xu K, Hao C. Analysis of blocking antibodies and lymphocyte subsets in patients with recurrent reproductive failure. HUM FERTIL 2021; 25:569-574. [PMID: 33752548 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1903099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between recurrent reproductive failure (RRF) and blocking antibody (BA) and lymphocytes, to explore the difference of immune status between recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients. We undertook a retrospective analysis of BA and lymphocyte subsets detected by flow cytometry in 720 RRF patients (411 RSA and 309 RIF patients) who were treated at Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from April 2015 to October 2019. The BA negative rate of RRF patients was 81.80%, which was significantly higher than that of normal women (23.46%) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BA negative rates between RSA and RIF patients. Compared with the normal value, the percentage of CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes in RRF patients were 71.1% (65.9-76.0) and 36.8% (32.5-41.9) respectively, which were significantly lower than the normal value (p < 0.05). The percentage of B cells in RSA patients [11.0 (8.8-13.9)] was significantly lower than that in RIF patients [11.9 (9.4-14.8)]. The occurrence of RRF is related to the lack of BA and the change of lymphoid subsets. There are some differences in immune status between RSA and RIF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Gao
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chaoqun Hao
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
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219
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Venter C, Palumbo MP, Sauder KA, Glueck DH, Starling AP, Ringham BM, O'Mahony L, Moore BF, Yang IV, Dabelea D. Examining Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index in Pregnancy, Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Levels at Birth, and Offspring Asthma and/or Wheeze by Age 4 Years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:2003-2012.e3. [PMID: 33744233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have demonstrated associations between maternal dietary inflammatory index (DII) during pregnancy and offspring asthma and/or wheeze. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess associations between maternal DII during pregnancy and 1) offspring cord sera pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α) and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) at birth and 2) offspring asthma and/or wheeze at age 4 years. DESIGN The Healthy Start study is a prospective prebirth longitudinal study that recruited pregnant women in Denver, Colorado and tracked their offspring. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study used data from 1228 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Healthy Start study. Pregnant women were recruited in Denver, Colorado, between 2009 and 2014, and offspring tracked until age 4 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cord sera cytokines and chemokines were analyzed with multiplex panel immunoassays. Offspring diagnosis of asthma and/or wheeze by age 4 years was extracted from electronic medical records. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations. Covariates included factors such as nulliparity, race/ethnicity, gestational smoking, and maternal history of asthma. RESULTS Unadjusted analysis showed that increasing maternal DII scores were associated with increased odds of child asthma and/or wheeze by 4 years (odds ratio = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.27), but the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant in the adjusted model (odds ratio = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.99-1.33). There were no significant associations between DII scores and cord sera cytokine or chemokine levels. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that the inflammatory profile of the maternal diet was not associated with cytokines and chemokine levels at birth. The results suggested that a more inflammatory maternal diet was associated with increased odds of offspring asthma and/or wheeze by age 4 years, which could be considered of clinical relevance but the finding was not statistically significant at the .05 level.
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220
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Tarrah A, Dos Santos Cruz BC, Sousa Dias R, da Silva Duarte V, Pakroo S, Licursi de Oliveira L, Gouveia Peluzio MC, Corich V, Giacomini A, Oliveira de Paula S. Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81, a cholesterol-lowering strain having immunomodulatory activity, reveals gut microbiota regulation capability in BALB/c mice receiving high-fat diet. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1942-1957. [PMID: 33709536 PMCID: PMC8518695 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims In‐vitro/In‐vivo evaluation of cholesterol‐lowering probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 and the possible connection with the gut microbiota modulation. Methods and Results In the present study, strain DTA81 has been evaluated for the possible influence on blood lipid and glucose concentrations, modulation of the immune system, gastrointestinal survivability and modulation of gut microbiota in BALB/c mice receiving a high‐fat diet. After 6 weeks of treatment, a significant reduction of total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar (FBS) among animals treated with L. paracasei DTA81 has been recorded. Comparison of colon tissue levels of different cytokines revealed a significant reduction of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6. The comparison of gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA approach indicated that the treatment with L. paracasei DTA81 significantly increased the taxa Bacteroidetes and Coprococcus. Moreover, the genome of DTA81 was sequenced for the in‐silico assessment, and the analysis indicated the presence of cholesterol assimilation‐related genes as well as the absence of negative traits such as transmissible antibiotic resistance genes, plasmids and prophage regions. Conclusion The outcome of this study revealed the in‐vitro and in‐vivo properties of L. paracasei DTA81 and the possible mechanism between consumption of this strain, the abundance of Bacteriodetes/Coprococcus taxa, immunomodulatory activity and the subsequent reduction of cholesterol/FBS in BALB/c mice. Significance and Impact of the Study Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 as a non‐pharmacological potential probiotic supplement can influence metabolic homeostasis in individuals, particularly those adopting high‐fat diets, and it can contribute to reduce coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tarrah
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - B C Dos Santos Cruz
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Sousa Dias
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V da Silva Duarte
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - S Pakroo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - L Licursi de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M C Gouveia Peluzio
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - A Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Universitá, Italy
| | - S Oliveira de Paula
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Kotronis G, Gialamprinou D, Soteriades ES, Kyriakopoulos A, Chatzimichael E, Kafafyllidou K, Liatsos C, Chatzistefanou I, Anagnostis P, Semenin V, Ntona S, Gkolia I, Papazoglou DD, Tsinonis N, Papamichos S, Kirbas H, Zikos P, Niafas D, Kountouras J. Does COVID-19 Vaccination Warrant the Classical Principle " ofelein i mi vlaptin"? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:253. [PMID: 33803295 PMCID: PMC7999356 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic warrants an imperative necessity for effective and safe vaccination, to restrain Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including transmissibility, morbidity, and mortality. In this regard, intensive medical and biological research leading to the development of an arsenal of vaccines, albeit incomplete preconditioned evaluation, due to emergency. The subsequent scientific gap raises some concerns in the medical community and the general public. More specifically, the accelerated vaccine development downgraded the value of necessary pre-clinical studies to elicit medium- and long-term beneficial or harmful consequences. Previous experience and pathophysiological background of coronaviruses' infections and vaccine technologies, combined with the global vaccines' application, underlined the obligation of a cautious and qualitative approach, to illuminate potential vaccination-related adverse events. Moreover, the high SARS-CoV-2 mutation potential and the already aggregated genetical alterations provoke a rational vagueness and uncertainty concerning vaccines' efficacy against dominant strains and the respective clinical immunity. This review critically summarizes existing evidence and queries regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, to motivate scientists' and clinicians' interest for an optimal, individualized, and holistic management of this unprecedented pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54652 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54652 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, Mezourlo, 41110 Larisa, Greece
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Aghios Pavlos of Thessaloniki, 55134 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Second Neonatal Department and NICU, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2252, Cyprus;
- Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anthony Kyriakopoulos
- Nasco AD Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Research and Development, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios Chatzimichael
- Center for Integrative Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Kyriaki Kafafyllidou
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Army General Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Chatzistefanou
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, 424 General Military Hospital, Ring Road Efkarpia, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Paul Anagnostis
- ORL and Psychiatry Private Practice, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Vitalii Semenin
- Neurology and Psychiatry Private Practice, 2502 Biel, Switzerland;
| | - Smaragda Ntona
- Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ioanna Gkolia
- Psychiatric Hospital of Thessaloniki, Stavroupolis, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios David Papazoglou
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Bürgerspital Solothurn, 4500 Solothurn, Switzerland;
| | | | - Spyros Papamichos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54652 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Hristos Kirbas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, “Thegeneio” Cancer Hospital, 54007 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Petros Zikos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54652 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (S.P.)
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Klein SL, Creisher PS, Burd I. COVID-19 vaccine testing in pregnant females is necessary. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:147553. [PMID: 33444286 DOI: 10.1172/jci147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick S Creisher
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Feng X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Zheng Q, Li N, Tang J, Xu Z. New views on endothelial dysfunction in gestational hypertension and potential therapy targets. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1420-1436. [PMID: 33677145 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The placenta has vital roles in metabolite exchange, fetal growth, and pre-eclampsia (PE). In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of hypertension in pregnancy, focusing on four major theories to explain PE, discussing endothelial roles in those theories. We focus in particular on the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in placental endothelium, and propose new hypotheses for the influence and mechanisms of endothelial NO and PGI2 signaling pathways in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Feng
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Li
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiutong Zheng
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Li
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhice Xu
- First Hospital of Soochow University & Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Li C, Zhang N, Zhou J, Leung W, Gober HJ, Huang Z, Pan X, Chen L, Guan L, Wang L. Variations in the Antithyroid Antibody Titre During Pregnancy and After Delivery. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:847-859. [PMID: 33688281 PMCID: PMC7935493 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s279975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunosuppression occurs during pregnancy, and the antithyroid antibody titre drops, rebounding after delivery. We aimed to determine variations in antithyroid antibody titres during pregnancy and after delivery. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in a single centre. Antibody titres of 142 patients were measured to assess variations in the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAbs), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), and thyroid globulin antibodies (TgAbs). We compared the titres of each antibody between adjacent time periods (eg, first trimester (T1) vs second trimester (T2), T2 vs third trimester (T3), T3 vs the postpartum period (PP)) by paired t-test or the Wilcoxon test. Then, we analysed data from patients with complete laboratory examination results in all four periods with the Friedman test, performing comparisons among groups. Results In the TgAb group, significant differences existed between T1 and T2 and between T2 and T3 in the LT4 subgroup and between T1 and T2 in the no-medication subgroup. In the TRAb group, significant differences existed between T1 and T2 in the LT4 subgroup. In the TPOAb group, significant differences existed among each group in the LT4 subgroup, and there were significant differences between T1 and T2 and between T2 and T3 in the no-medication subgroup. The Friedman test showed that the P-values were 0.013 and 0.004 in the LT4 and no-medication subgroups of the TgAb group, respectively; 0.122 in the LT4 subgroup of the TRAb group; and <0.001 and 0.272 in the LT4 and no-medication subgroups of the TPOAb group, respectively. In the LT4 subgroup of the TgAb group, the P-values for comparisons of time periods were 0.602 between T1 and T2, 0.602 between T2 and T3, 0.006 between T1 and T3, and 0.602 between T3 and PP. In the no-medication subgroup of the TgAb group, the P-values were 0.078 between T1 and T2, 1.000 between T2 and T3, 0.011 between T1 and T3, and 0.078 between T3 and PP. In the LT4 subgroup of the TPOAb group, the P-values were 0.09 between T1 and T2, 0.014 between T2 and T3, <0.001 between T1 and T3, and 0.772 between T3 and PP. Conclusion We can conclude that the TgAb and TPOAb titres dropped during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wingting Leung
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gober
- Department of Pharmacy, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Zengshu Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Pan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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The role of decidual regulatory T cells in the induction and maintenance of fetal antigen-specific tolerance: Imbalance between regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in pregnancy complications. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:346-352. [PMID: 33642099 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal antigen-specific tolerance is important for maintaining allogeneic pregnancies. Maternal conventional T cells recognize fetal antigens; however, regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress immune reactions against the fetus. Fetal antigen-specific Treg cells are induced in the decidua upon contact with antigen-presenting cells and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Functional alteration of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in the decidua also contributes to maintaining the pregnancy. Reduced, dysfunctional, and imbalanced Treg cell distribution likely contributes to the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage and preeclampsia. Recent studies have revealed differences in Treg cell characteristics during preeclampsia and miscarriage. Treg cell reduction in the decidua is likely associated with miscarriage. Insufficient expansion of fetal antigen-specific Treg cells in the decidua probably plays a role in preeclampsia pathogenesis. In addition, the balance between Treg cell-mediated tolerance and functional alteration of CTLs is important. Further investigations of functional molecules in Treg cells will contribute to the development of immunotherapy for pregnancy complications.
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226
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Xu L, Li Y, Sang Y, Li DJ, Du M. Crosstalk Between Trophoblasts and Decidual Immune Cells: The Cornerstone of Maternal-Fetal Immunotolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642392. [PMID: 33717198 PMCID: PMC7947923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of pregnancy relies on the fine adjustment of the maternal immune system to tolerate the allogeneic fetus. Trophoblasts carrying paternal antigens are the only fetal-derived cells that come into direct contact with the maternal immune cells at the maternal–fetal interface. The crosstalk between trophoblasts and decidual immune cells (DICs) via cell–cell direct interaction and soluble factors such as chemokines and cytokines is a core event contributing to the unique immunotolerant microenvironment. Abnormal trophoblasts–DICs crosstalk can lead to dysregulated immune situations, which is well known to be a potential cause of a series of pregnancy complications including recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), which is the most common one. Immunotherapy has been applied to RSA. However, its development has been far less rapid or mature than that of cancer immunotherapy. Elucidating the mechanism of maternal–fetal immune tolerance, the theoretical basis for RSA immunotherapy, not only helps to understand the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy but also provides new therapeutic strategies and promotes the progress of immunotherapy against pregnancy-related diseases caused by disrupted immunotolerance. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the maternal–fetal immune tolerance mediated by trophoblasts–DICs crosstalk and clinical application of immunotherapy in RSA. Advancement in this area will further accelerate the basic research and clinical transformation of reproductive immunity and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Sang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Saito-Abe M, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Pak K, Sato M, Irahara M, Mezawa H, Sasaki H, Nishizato M, Ishitsuka K, Konishi M, Yang L, Ohya Y, Suzuki K. Association of Maternal History of Allergic Features with Preterm Pregnancy Outcomes in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:650-662. [PMID: 33601376 DOI: 10.1159/000513749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have reported that maternal asthma increases the risk of preterm birth. We hypothesized that inflammatory reactions caused by allergic diseases might affect the uterine environment and, subsequently, perinatal outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between allergic features among mothers and preterm pregnancy outcomes in a nationwide birth cohort. METHODS We analyzed data from pregnant women obtained from the Japanese Environment and Children's Study (JECS), a nationwide general birth cohort study. We used binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to examine the associations between maternal allergic features and preterm birth, threatened preterm labor (TPL), and preterm premature rupture of the membrane (PPROM). RESULTS A total of 97,683 pregnant women were included. Prevalence of preterm birth, TPL, and PPROM was 4.7, 19.6, and 1.2%, respectively. Maternal history of allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, drug allergy, and contact dermatitis) increased the risk of TPL(adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.11 [95% CI: 1.06-1.17], aOR = 1.12 [1.08-1.16], aOR = 1.10 [1.04-1.16], aOR = 1.17 [1.09-1.26], aOR = 1.35 [1.23-1.48], and aOR = 1.34 [1.20-1.49], respectively). Although some maternal allergic features showed a negative association with preterm birth, the variables affecting preterm birth differed according to the gestational age of the fetus (22-33 weeks vs. 34-36 weeks). There were no significant associations between maternal allergic features and PPROM. CONCLUSION Maternal allergic disease, except atopic dermatitis, may increase the risk of TPL. Comorbidity of maternal allergic disorders and perinatal adverse outcomes require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayko Saito-Abe
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan, .,Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan,
| | - Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyongsun Pak
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Management, Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miori Sato
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Irahara
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Mezawa
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hatoko Sasaki
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minaho Nishizato
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazue Ishitsuka
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Konishi
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Limin Yang
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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Fedorka CE, Ball BA, Walker OF, McCormick ME, Scoggin KE, Kennedy LA, Squires EL, Troedsson MHT. Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part I: Cytokines. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 99:103425. [PMID: 33781421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Equine abortions are attributed to both infectious and noninfectious causes. Clinical extrapolations are often made from the experimental model for ascending placentitis towards other causes of fetal compromise, including various markers of inflammation, including the cytokines IL-2, 5, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and TNF. It is unknown if these cytokine changes are noted under field conditions, or if they increase preceding other pregnancy related complications. To assess this, Thoroughbred mares (n = 702) had weekly blood obtained beginning in December 2013 and continuing until parturition. Fetal membranes were submitted to the UKVDL for complete gross and pathologic assessment and classified as either ascending placentitis (n = 6), focal mucoid placentitis (n = 6), idiopathic abortion (n = 6) or control (n = 20). Weekly serum samples were analyzed via immunoassay for concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and TNF. For both focal mucoid placentitis and ascending placentitis, an increase (P < .05) in the concentrations of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and TNF was noted preceding parturition in comparison to controls. Cytokine profiles preceding idiopathic abortion did not differ from controls. In conclusion, serum cytokines may be considered potential biomarkers for the prediction of placental infection, while no changes in cytokine profiles were noted when noninfectious causes of abortion occurred. Additionally, this is the first study to report an increase in cytokines during the disease process of focal mucoid placentitis, the etiology of which includes Nocardioform placentitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Fedorka
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | - B A Ball
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Lexington, KY.
| | - O F Walker
- Lincoln Memorial University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, TN
| | - M E McCormick
- Rhode Island College, College of Nursing. Providence, RI; Rhode Island Department of Health. Providence, RI
| | - K E Scoggin
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | - L A Kennedy
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | - E L Squires
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Lexington, KY
| | - M H T Troedsson
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Lexington, KY
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229
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Chen L, Li M, Sun F, Qian J, Du M, Wang S, Li D. Eomesodermin regulate decidual CD4 +T cell function during human early pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 146:103290. [PMID: 33637323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Decidual CD4+T (dCD4+T) cells play pivotal roles in inducing and maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance. Dysfunctional dCD4+T cells are associated with miscarriage. In the present study, we demonstrated that the T-box transcription factor protein eomesodermin (Eomes) was involved in the functional regulation of dCD4+T cells during early pregnancy. We concluded the higher Eomes expression dCD4+T cells during normal pregnancy, and the Eomes+dCD4+T cells displayed an active status and produced more Th2- and Treg type cytokines. Decreased number and altered function of Eomes+dCD4+T cells were observed in miscarriage. Progesterone, the traditional treatment for miscarriage, had no effect on Eomes expression by dCD4+T cells from normal pregnancy, but increased Eomes expression by dCD4+T cells from miscarriage. We also found the higher frequency of Eomes+dCD4+T cells from miscarriage in response to cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Trophoblasts, and HTR8/SVneo cell line, might provide new strategy for therapy to promote maternal-fetal tolerance and prevent pregnancy loss. These results indicated that Eomes might be promising early warming targets of miscarriage, though further studies are required to determine that the altered number and function of Eomes+dCD4+T cells are the cause or consequence of miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanting Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mengdie Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fengrun Sun
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Qian
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Songcun Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, PR China.
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230
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Todros T, Paulesu L, Cardaropoli S, Rolfo A, Masturzo B, Ermini L, Romagnoli R, Ietta F. Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in the Pathophysiology of Pre-Eclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1823. [PMID: 33673075 PMCID: PMC7917653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are produced in pregnancy in response to the invading pathogens and/or nonmicrobial causes such as damage-associated molecules and embryonic semi-allogenic antigens. While inflammation is essential for a successful pregnancy, an excessive inflammatory response is implicated in several pathologies including pre-eclampsia (PE). This review focuses on the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a critical regulator of the innate immune response and a major player of processes allowing normal placental development. PE is a severe pregnancy-related syndrome characterized by exaggerated inflammatory response and generalized endothelial damage. In some cases, usually of early onset, it originates from a maldevelopment of the placenta, and is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (placental PE). In other cases, usually of late onset, pre-pregnancy maternal diseases represent risk factors for the development of the disease (maternal PE). Available data suggest that low MIF production in early pregnancy could contribute to the abnormal placentation. The resulting placental hypoxia in later pregnancy could produce high release of MIF in maternal serum typical of placental PE. More studies are needed to understand the role of MIF, if any, in maternal PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Todros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Luana Paulesu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (F.I.)
| | - Simona Cardaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.T.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (F.I.)
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (F.I.)
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231
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Fedorka CE, Scoggin KE, El-Sheikh Ali H, Loux SC, Dini P, Troedsson MHT, Ball BA. Interleukin-6 pathobiology in equine placental infection. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13363. [PMID: 33098605 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Ascending placentitis is the leading cause of abortion in the horse. Interleukin (IL)-6 is considered predictive of placental infection in other species, but little is understood regarding its role in the pathophysiology of ascending placentitis. METHOD OF STUDY Sub-acute ascending placentitis was induced via trans-cervical inoculation of S zooepidemicus, and various fluids/serum/tissues collected 8 days later. Concentrations of IL-6 were detected within fetal fluids and serum in inoculated (n = 6) and control (n = 6) mares. RNASeq was performed on the placenta (endometrium and chorioallantois) to assess transcripts relating to IL-6 pathways. IHC was performed for immunolocalization of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) in the placenta. RESULTS IL-6 concentrations increased in allantoic fluid following inoculation, with a trend toward an increase in amniotic fluid. Maternal serum IL-6 was increased in inoculated animals, while no changes were noted in fetal serum. mRNA expression of IL-6-related transcripts within the chorioallantois indicates that IL-6 is activating the classical JAK/STAT pathway, thereby acting as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pro-survival. The IL-6R was expressed within the chorioallantois, indicating a paracrine signaling pathway of maternal IL-6 to fetal IL-6R. CONCLUSION IL-6 plays a crucial role in the placental response to induction of sub-acute equine ascending placentitis, and this could be noted in amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, and maternal serum. Additionally, IL-6 is acting as anti-inflammatory in this disease, potentially altering disease progression, impeding abortion signals, and assisting with the production of a viable neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh E Fedorka
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Theriogenology, University of Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Shavahn C Loux
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pouya Dini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mats H T Troedsson
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barry A Ball
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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232
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Cottrell JN, Witcher AC, Comley K, Cunningham MW, Ibrahim T, Cornelius DC, LaMarca B, Amaral LM. Progesterone-induced blocking factor improves blood pressure, inflammation, and pup weight in response to reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R719-R727. [PMID: 33533305 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00152.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by new-onset hypertension in association with elevated natural killer (NK) cells and inflammatory cytokines, which are likely culprits for decreased fetal weight during PE pregnancies. As progesterone increases during normal pregnancy, it stimulates progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF). PIBF has been shown to decrease inflammation and cytolytic NK cells, both of which are increased during PE. We hypothesized that PIBF reduces inflammation as a mechanism to improve hypertension in the preclinical reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of PE. PIBF (2.0 µg/mL) was administered intraperitoneally on gestational day 15 to either RUPP or normal pregnant (NP) rats. On day 18, carotid catheters were inserted. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and samples were collected on day 19. MAP in NP rats (n = 11) was 100 ± 2 mmHg and 105 ± 3 mmHg in NP + PIBF rats (n = 8) and 122 ± 1 mmHg in RUPP rats (n = 10), which improved to 110 ± 2 mmHg in RUPP + PIBF rats (n = 11), P < 0.05. Pup weight was 2.4 ± 0.1 g in NP, 2.5 ± 0.1 g in NP + PIBF, 1.9 ± 0.1 g in RUPP, and improved to 2.1 ± 0.1 g in RUPP + PIBF rats. Circulating and placental cytolytic NK cells, IL-17, and IL-6 were significantly reduced while IL-4 and T helper (TH) 2 cells were significantly increased in RUPP rats after PIBF administration. Importantly, vasoactive pathways preproendothelin-1, nitric oxide, and soluble fms-Like tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) were normalized in RUPP + PIBF rats compared with RUPP rats, P < 0.05. Our findings suggest that PIBF normalized IL-4/TH2 cells, which was associated with improved inflammation, fetal growth restriction, and blood pressure in the RUPP rat model of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse N Cottrell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alexis C Witcher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kyleigh Comley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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233
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Berishvili E, Kaiser L, Cohen M, Berney T, Scholz H, Floisand Y, Mattsson J. Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia: the Case for Placenta-derived Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:63-70. [PMID: 32696426 PMCID: PMC7372209 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 500'000 fatalities due to COVID-19 have been reported globally and the death toll is still rising. Most deaths are due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as a result of an excessive immune response and a cytokine storm elicited by severe SARS-CoV-2 lung infection, rather than by a direct cytopathic effect of the virus. In the most severe forms of the disease therapies should aim primarily at dampening the uncontrolled inflammatory/immune response responsible for most fatalities. Pharmacological agents - antiviral and anti-inflammatory molecules - have not been able so far to achieve compelling results for the control of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Cells derived from the placenta and/or fetal membranes, in particular amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) and decidual stromal cells (DSC), have established, well-characterized, potent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties that make them attractive candidates for a cell-based therapy of COVID19 pneumonia. Placenta-derived cells are easy to procure from a perennial source and pose minimal ethical issues for their utilization. In view of the existing clinical evidence for the innocuousness and efficiency of systemic administration of DSCs or AECs in similar conditions, we advocate for the initiation of clinical trials using this strategy in the treatment of severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical and Public Health Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1, rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Virology Laboratory and Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Transplantation, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Department of Cellular Therapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvar Floisand
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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234
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Tian Y, Shi P, Zhou Y, Yuan R, Hu Z, Tan Y, Ma G, Yang L, Jiang H. DiR-labeled tolerogenic dendritic cells for targeted imaging in collagen- induced arthritis rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107273. [PMID: 33360828 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are immunosuppressive cells and play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as immunotherapeutic tools. We aimed to investigate whether allogeneic tolDCs (allo-tolDCs) and autologous tolDCs (auto-tolDCs) had long-time tolerogenic potential in vivo and improve arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. TolDCs were induced by NF-κB Decoy ODN, and loaded with Bovine Type II collagen (CII- loaded tolDCs) and identified by flow cytometry, and labeled with DiR and injected into CIA rats. The biodistribution of DiR-labeled tolDCs was monitored by IVIS imaging at different time points. Major organs were harvested and analyzed by ex-in vivo cell imaging. The tolDCs were successfully constructed, along with expressing low levels of CD80 and CD86 compared to DCs. The fluorescent signals of all DiR (+) groups were observed at least 25 days, and as long as 35 days. DiR (+) CII- loaded allo-and auto-tolDCs at post injection mainly distributed in the chest and abdomen and gradually moved to limb joints over time. The allo- and auto-tolDCs decreased the expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 in CIA rats with different severity compared to CIA rats without tolDCs treatment, while significantly increased the expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Additionally, these tolDCs ameliorated the ankle joints injury in CIA rats with different severity. The both allo- and auto-tolDCs showed long-time tolerogenic potential in vivo and ameliorated arthritis in CIA rats with different severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Tian
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Minda Hospital affiliated Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Affiliated Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Guilan Ma
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China.
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235
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Fedorka CE, El-Sheikh Ali H, Walker OF, Scoggin KE, Dini P, Loux SC, Troedsson MHT, Ball BA. The imbalance of the Th17/Treg axis following equine ascending placental infection. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 144:103268. [PMID: 33454392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ascending placentitis is a leading cause of abortion in the horse, but adaptive immune response to this disease is unknown. To evaluate this, sub-acute placentitis was experimentally-induced via trans-cervical inoculation of S. zooepidemicus, and endometrium and chorioallantois was collected 8 days later (n = 6 inoculated/n = 6 control). The expression of transcripts relating to Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg maturation was assessed via RNASeq. IHC of transcription factors relating to each subtype in the same tissues (Th1: TBX21, Th2: GATA3, Th17: IRF4, Treg: FOXp3). An immunoassay was utilized to assess circulating cytokines (Th1: IFNg, IL-2; Th2: IL-4, IL-5; Th17: IL-17, IL-6; Treg: IL-10, GM-CSF). An increase in Th1 and Th17-related transcripts were noted in the chorioallantois, although no alterations were seen in the endometrium. Th2 and Treg-related transcripts altered in a dysregulated manner, as some transcripts increased in expression while others decreased. Immunolocalization of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells was increased in diseased chorioallantois, while no Treg cells were noted in the diseased tissue. Secreted cytokines relating to Th1 (IFNg, IL-2), Th17 (IL-6), Th2 (IL-5), and Treg (IL-10) populations increased in maternal circulation eight days after inoculation. In conclusion, the Th1/Th17 response to ascending placentitis occurs primarily in the chorioallantois, indicating the adaptive immune response to occur in fetal derived placental tissue. Additionally, ascending placentitis leads to an increase in the helper T cell populations (Th1/Th17/Th2) while decreasing the Treg response. This increase in Th17-related responses alongside a diminishing Treg-related response may precede or contribute to fetal demise, abortion, or preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Fedorka
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences. Lexington KY, USA
| | - H El-Sheikh Ali
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences. Lexington KY, USA; University of Mansoura, Department of Theriogenology, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - O F Walker
- Lincoln Memorial University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate TN, USA
| | - K E Scoggin
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences. Lexington KY, USA
| | - P Dini
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences. Lexington KY, USA; University of California, Davis, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Davis, CA, USA
| | - S C Loux
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences. Lexington KY, USA
| | - M H T Troedsson
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences. Lexington KY, USA
| | - B A Ball
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Sciences. Lexington KY, USA.
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236
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Cunningham MW, Amaral LM, Campbell NE, Cornelius DC, Ibrahim T, Vaka VR, LaMarca B. Investigation of interleukin-2-mediated changes in blood pressure, fetal growth restriction, and innate immune activation in normal pregnant rats and in a preclinical rat model of preeclampsia. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33407826 PMCID: PMC7789596 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Two important clinical features of preeclampsia (PE) are hypertension and fetal growth restriction. The reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) preclinical rat model of PE exhibits both of these features. Moreover, RUPP and PE women have elevated vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) and inflammation. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that regulates NK cell activity and is elevated in miscarriage, PE, and RUPP rats. The objective of this study was to examine a role for IL-2 in NK cell activation, fetal growth restriction, and hypertension during pregnancy by either infusion of IL-2 or blockade of IL-2 (basiliximab) in normal pregnant (NP) and RUPP rats. On gestational day 14, NP and RUPP rats received low (LD), middle (MD), or high dose (HD) IL-2 (0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 ng/ml) IP or basiliximab (0.07 mg per rat) by IV infusion. On day 19, blood pressure (MAP), pup weights, and blood were collected. Basiliximab had no effect on blood pressure, however, significantly lowered NK cells and may have worsened overall fetal survival in RUPP rats. However, IL-2 LD (102 ± 4 mmHg) and IL-2 HD (105 ± 6 mmHg) significantly lowered blood pressure, ET-1, and activated NK cells compared to control RUPPs (124 ± 3 mmHg, p < 0.05). Importantly, IL-2 in RUPP rats significantly reduced fetal weight and survival. These data indicate that although maternal benefits may have occurred with low dose IL-2 infusion, negative effects were seen in the fetus. Moreover, inhibition of IL-2 signaling did not have favorable outcome for the mother or fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Excellence in Renal and Cardiovascular Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Lorena M. Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Excellence in Renal and Cardiovascular Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Nathan E. Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Excellence in Renal and Cardiovascular Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Denise C. Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Excellence in Renal and Cardiovascular Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
- Department Of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Excellence in Renal and Cardiovascular Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Venkata Ramana Vaka
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Excellence in Renal and Cardiovascular Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Excellence in Renal and Cardiovascular Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
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237
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Guo C, Cai P, Jin L, Sha Q, Yu Q, Zhang W, Jiang C, Liu Q, Zong D, Li K, Fang J, Lu F, Wang Y, Li D, Lin J, Li L, Zeng Z, Tong X, Wei H, Qu K. Single-cell profiling of the human decidual immune microenvironment in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Cell Discov 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 33390590 PMCID: PMC7779601 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining homeostasis of the decidual immune microenvironment at the maternal–fetal interface is essential for placentation and reproductive success. Although distinct decidual immune cell subpopulations have been identified under normal conditions, systematic understanding of the spectrum and heterogeneity of leukocytes under recurrent miscarriage in human deciduas remains unclear. To address this, we profiled the respective transcriptomes of 18,646 primary human decidual immune cells isolated from patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and healthy controls at single-cell resolution. We discovered dramatic differential distributions of immune cell subsets in RPL patients compared with the normal decidual immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we found a subset of decidual natural killer (NK) cells that support embryo growth were diminished in proportion due to abnormal NK cell development in RPL patients. We also elucidated the altered cellular interactions between the decidual immune cell subsets in the microenvironment and those of the immune cells with stromal cells and extravillous trophoblast under disease state. These results provided deeper insights into the RPL decidual immune microenvironment disorder that are potentially applicable to improve the diagnosis and therapeutics of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Liying Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qing Sha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qiaoni Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dandan Zong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jingwen Fang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.,HanGene Biotech, Xiaoshan Innovation Polis, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Fangting Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Yanshi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Daojing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhutian Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xianhong Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kun Qu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China. .,School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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Recent insights into the impact of immune dysfunction on reproduction in autoimmune thyroiditis. Clin Immunol 2021; 224:108663. [PMID: 33401032 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease with a high incidence among women of childbearing age. Recent studies have reported that women with AIT are more susceptible to infertility, miscarriage and preterm birth. It has been investigated that abnormal changes in maternal immune system and maternal-fetal interface can dampen the immune tolerance between mother and fetus, which underlie the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence, we summarize the immunological changes related to adverse reproductive outcomes in AIT and highlight the respective contributions of both humoral and cellular immune dysfunctions to pregnancy failures. Moreover, the direct impacts of AIT on maternal-fetal immune activation and biological influences to trophoblasts are discussed as well. All these associations require confirmation in larger studies, and the pathogenic mechanisms need to be better understood, which might provide useful information for clinical diagnosis and therapy of AIT.
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239
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Mikhailova VA, Markova KL, Belikova ME, Gzgzyan AM, Selkov SA, Sokolov DI. T-Lymphocyte proliferative activity in early pregnancy and outside pregnancy state. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:21-25. [PMID: 34937514 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.2006477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lymphocytes are present in the endometrium before pregnancy and their number varies depending on menstrual cycle stage. Despite T-lymphocyte population heterogeneity, there is no clear vision of general mechanisms of decidua T-lymphocyte pool formation. One of the assumed variants is T-lymphocyte proliferation in situ. The study objective is to evaluate variations of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte proliferative activity in the presence of trophoblast cells. The peripheral blood was sampled from healthy nonpregnant women in the proliferative (n = 29) and secretory (n = 32) menstrual cycle phases and also from women on 6-7 weeks stage of physiological pregnancy (n = 30). Jeg-3 (ATCC) line cells were applied as trophoblast cells within in vitro model system. T-lymphocyte proliferation was determined by estimating the Ki-67 expression and T-lymphocyte relative number. It was established that trophoblast cells perform inhibiting effect on Ki-67 by T-lymphocytes in all groups of examined women both in course of PBMC cultivation and in case of preliminarily isolated T-lymphocytes. During cultivation in the presence of IL-2 and trophoblasts, PBMC T-lymphocytes in pregnant women are more resistant to trophoblast cells inhibition than in nonpregnant women. In case of isolated T-lymphocytes, decreased T-lymphocyte proliferation during pregnancy was observed as compared to the proliferative cycle phase hence pointing to necessity of T-lymphocyte contact with microenvironment cells for self-support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Mikhailova
- FSBSI 'The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott', St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniia L Markova
- FSBSI 'The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott', St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Madina E Belikova
- FSBSI 'The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott', St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksander M Gzgzyan
- FSBSI 'The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott', St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey A Selkov
- FSBSI 'The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott', St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy I Sokolov
- FSBSI 'The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O.Ott', St. Petersburg, Russia
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240
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Rajgopal S, Raghupathy R. Using the Immune System to Manage Immunologically-Mediated Pregnancy Loss. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPregnancy is not nearly as successful as laypersons might assume, challenged as it is by several complications such as threatened abortion, spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery, among others. The maternal immune system has been shown to contribute to the etiopathogenesis of some of these pregnancy complications. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been studied for their effects on pregnancy because of their powerful and versatile effects on cells and tissues. This review addresses the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and recurrent miscarriage, which is an important complication of pregnancy. References for this review were identified by using PRISMA-IPD (Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data) Guidelines by conducting searches for published articles from January 1, 1990 until March 1, 2020 in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE via OVID by the use of the search terms “recurrent spontaneous miscarriage,” “cytokines,” “progesterone,” “progestogen,” “dydrogesterone,” and “immunomodulation.” This review also presents the proposed mechanisms of action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in pregnancy loss, and then goes on to discuss the modulation of cytokine profiles to a state that is favorable to the success of pregnancy. In addition to its indispensable endocrinologic role of progesterone in pregnancy, it also has some intriguing immunomodulatory capabilities. We then summarize studies that show that progesterone and dydrogesterone, an orally-administered progestogen, suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines before mentioning clinical studies on progestogen supplementation. These studies support the contention that progestogens should be explored for the immunotherapeutic management of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Rajgopal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Learning, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raj Raghupathy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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241
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Pfaller B, José Yepes‐Nuñez J, Agache I, Akdis CA, Alsalamah M, Bavbek S, Bossios A, Boyman O, Chaker A, Chan S, Chatzipetrou A, Toit G, Jutel M, Kauppi P, Kolios A, Li C, Matucci A, Marson A, Bendien S, Palomares O, Rogala B, Szepfalusi Z, Untersmayr E, Vultaggio A, Eiwegger T. Biologicals in atopic disease in pregnancy: An EAACI position paper. Allergy 2021; 76:71-89. [PMID: 32189356 DOI: 10.1111/all.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biologicals have transformed the management of severe disease phenotypes in asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. As a result, the number of approved biologicals for the treatment of atopic diseases is continuously increasing. Although atopic diseases are among the most common diseases in the reproductive age, investigations, and information on half-life, pharmacokinetics defining the neonatal Fc receptors (FcRn) and most important safety of biologicals in pregnancy are lacking. Given the complex sequence of immunological events that regulate conception, fetal development, and the intrauterine and postnatal maturation of the immune system, this information is of utmost importance. We conducted a systematic review on biologicals in pregnancy for indications of atopic diseases. Evidence in this field is scarce and mainly reserved to reports on the usage of omalizumab. This lack of evidence demands the establishment of a multidisciplinary approach for the management of pregnant women who receive biologicals and multicenter registries for long-term follow-up, drug trial designs suitable for women in the reproductive age, and better experimental models that represent the human situation. Due to the very long half-life of biologicals, preconception counseling and healthcare provider education are crucial to offer the best care for mother and fetus. This position paper integrates available data on safety of biologicals during pregnancy in atopic diseases via a systematic review with a detailed review on immunological considerations how inhibition of different pathways may impact pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Pfaller
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Pregnancy and Heart Disease Research Program Mount Sinai and Toronto General Hospitals Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Transylvania University Brasov Brasov Romania
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) Davos Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Alsalamah
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division Pediatrics Department King Abdullah Specialists Children’s Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sevim Bavbek
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Department of Chest Disease School of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Department of Medicine Huddinge Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Allergy Research Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Adam Chaker
- Department of Otolaryngology and Center for Allergy and Environment Technical University of Munich TUM School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Munich Germany
| | - Susan Chan
- Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London UK
- King’s College London School of Life Course Sciences School of Immunology Microbial Sciences King’s Health Partners UK
| | - Alexia Chatzipetrou
- Allergy Unit “D. Kalogeromitros Department of Dermatology and Venereology Medical School Attikon” University Hospital University of Athens Athens Greece
- Paediatric Allergy Group Department of Women and Children's Health King's College London London UK
- Paediatric Allergy Group Peter Gorer Dept of Immunobiology School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College London Guys' Hospital London UK
- Children's Allergy Service Evelina Children's Hospital Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - George Toit
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wrocław Poland
- ALL‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Department of Allergy Skin and Allergy Hospital Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carmen Li
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit Careggi University Hospital Florence Italy
| | - Alanna Marson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sarah Bendien
- Department of respiratory medicine Haga Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Barbara Rogala
- Department of Internal Diseases Allergology & Clinical Immunology Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Zsolt Szepfalusi
- Division of Ped. Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology Dpt. of Pediatrics Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- Department of Allergy Skin and Allergy Hospital Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
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242
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Is there a Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Immunologic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6672865. [PMID: 33426092 PMCID: PMC7781684 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6672865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) commonly refers to three or more miscarriages that occur before 20 weeks of pregnancy. The immunological cause of RPL could be either an auto- or alloimmune-related event or both. Because of the discovery of immunological abnormalities in RPL patients in clinical practice, several immunomodulatory therapies were introduced to maintain the immune balance at the maternal-fetal interface. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is one of the immunomodulators. In recent years, several studies have analyzed the therapeutic effect of IVIg on RPL patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or unexplained RPL. However, their results are controversial. IVIg can be used in RPL patients with APS who have previously failed in other treatments. It is recommended that IVIg infusion could be considered used before conception in RPL patients who have cellular immune abnormalities such as increased natural killer (NK) cell counts, NK cell cytotoxicity, or increased T helper (Th)1/Th2 ratio, depending on the cut-off values of each hospital. The aim of this review was to summarize the mechanisms, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and side effects associated with passive immunization using IVIg in immunologic RPL, according to the literature published in recent years. We hope that more obstetricians will be able to understand the timing and indication of IVIg properly in immunologic RPL patients and effectively enhance pregnancy outcomes for mothers and neonates.
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243
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Dietz S, Schwarz J, Rühle J, Schaller M, Fehrenbacher B, Marmé A, Schmid E, Peter A, Poets CF, Gille C, Köstlin-Gille N. Extracellular vesicles released by myeloid-derived suppressor cells from pregnant women modulate adaptive immune responses. Cell Immunol 2020; 361:104276. [PMID: 33517124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunological pregnancy complications are a main challenge in reproductive medicine. Mechanisms regulating the adaptation of the maternal immune system to pregnancy are incompletely understood and therapeutic options limited. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immune-modulatory cells expanding during healthy pregnancy and seem to play a crucial role for maternal-fetal tolerance. Recent studies showed that exosomes produced by MDSC have immune-modulatory effects corresponding to their parental cells under different pathological conditions. Here, we investigated immunological effects of exosomes of GR-MDSC during pregnancy. Isolated GR-MDSC exosomes from peripheral blood of pregnant women were tested for functionality in different in vitro assays. We show that GR-MDSC exosomes exhibited profound immune-modulatory effects such as suppression of T-cell proliferation, T helper 2 (Th2)-cell polarization, induction of regulatory T-cells and inhibition of lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Our results confirm that MDSC-derived exosomes functionally correspond to their parental cells and identify them as an interesting therapeutic target for immunological pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dietz
- Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schwarz
- Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Rühle
- Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian F Poets
- Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen, Germany.
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244
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Löb S, Vattai A, Kuhn C, Schmoeckel E, Mahner S, Wöckel A, Kolben T, Keil C, Jeschke U, Vilsmaier T. Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) is significantly upregulated in the decidua of recurrent and spontaneous miscarriage and negatively correlated to Glycodelin A (GdA). J Reprod Immunol 2020; 143:103267. [PMID: 33388716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) is an immunosuppressive protein that is expressed by the placenta and has also been identified in immune cells. When PZP and Glycodelin A (GdA) are combined, they act synergistically to inhibit Th-1 immune response. Little is known about its combined expression and role in normal and disturbed first trimester pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the expression of PZP and GdA in placental tissue obtained from spontaneous miscarriage (SM) (n = 19) and recurrent miscarriage (RM) (n = 17) at gestational weeks 6-13 by immunohistochemistry and on mRNA-level by either TaqMan PCR or in situ hybridization. Placental tissue from legal terminations of healthy pregnancies (n = 15) served as control group. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to analyse the combined expression of PZP and GdA in decidual tissue. RESULTS The protein level of PZP was significantly increased in decidual stroma of SM samples compared to the decidua of control specimens and also significantly upregulated in the decidual stroma cells in the RM group. Concerning GdA, the decidual stroma revealed a significantly decreased protein level in the group with spontaneous abortions than in the group with healthy pregnancies. There was also a significant downregulation of GdA in the decidual stroma of RM samples compared to the control group. We observed a significant negative correlation of PZP and GdA in decidual stromal tissue of recurrent abortion. We could confirm the staining results for PZP as well as for GdA on mRNA level. Both proteins are co-localized in decidual stroma as analysed by immunofluorescence double staining. CONCLUSION A balanced expression of GdA and its carrier protein PZP in the decidua seems crucial for a successful ongoing pregnancy. According to our data, these immunosuppressive proteins are co-localized in the decidual tissue and show a negative correlation only in patients suffering from recurrent abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Löb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 27, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Keil
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstrasse 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
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245
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Pokutnaya D, Shirzadi MR, Salari E, Molaei G. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis during Pregnancy, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Death: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 15:608-614. [PMID: 33884019 PMCID: PMC8039480 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i4.4875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an emergent public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Reports of pregnancy complications are scarce; however, as the endemic range of CL expands in Iran, there is concern of possible detrimental effects on fetal development amongst infected mothers through placental transmission of the parasite or enhanced maternal immune responses. We herein describe the first known case of persistent anthroponotic CL, plausibly responsible for pregnancy complications, preterm birth, and neonatal death in a healthy Iranian primigravida woman. Diagnosis was based on physical examinations of the lesions on the back of both calves of the patient and laboratory analyses including direct smear, culture, and PCR. During active CL infection, the patient gave birth to a premature female neonate who passed three days post-delivery due to immature lung development and subsequent respiratory distress syndrome. This report highlights the challenges associated with CL infection during pregnancy, exacerbation of lesions, and subsequent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Pokutnaya
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Salari
- Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Laboratory, University of Applied Science and Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Goudarz Molaei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,The Northeast Center for Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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246
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Aranyosi JK, Deli T, Erdei A, Toth G, Jakab A, Fodor M, Nagy EV, Ujhelyi B. Unusual onset of thyroid associated orbitopathy during pregnancy: case report and review of literature. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:183. [PMID: 33317492 PMCID: PMC7737351 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the most common extrathyroidal complication of Graves' disease. The disease course ranges from mild, where symptomatic therapy is sufficient, to severe, where high dose steroid administration or orbital decompression surgery is required. Women of their reproductive age are more likely to be affected. Although pregnancy is a state of enhanced immune tolerance, TAO may develop or worsen in 0.2-0.4% of pregnant women. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 19-year-old woman who has developed hyperthyroidism and progressive TAO during the second trimester of her third pregnancy, which has improved postpartum. The possible mechanisms and the importance of follow up in pregnancy is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Expectant mothers with Graves' disease require follow up of eye signs throughout pregnancy, preferably in the setting of a thyroid-eye clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos K Aranyosi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Tamas Deli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Erdei
- Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Geza Toth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Szent Lázár Hospital, Salgótarján, Hungary
| | - Attila Jakab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Fodor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Endre V Nagy
- Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Ujhelyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
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247
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Bahrami-Asl Z, Hajipour H, Rastgar Rezaei Y, Novinbahador T, Latifi Z, Nejabati HR, Farzadi L, Fattahi A, Nouri M, Dominguez F. Cytokines in embryonic secretome as potential markers for embryo selection. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13385. [PMID: 33300214 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite performing certain morphological assessments for selecting the best embryo for transfer, the results have not been satisfactory. Given the global tendency for performing quick and noninvasive tests for embryo selection, great efforts have been made to discover the predictive biomarkers of embryo implantation potential. In recent years, many factors have been detected in embryo culture media as a major source of embryo secretions. Previous studies have evaluated cytokines, miRNAs, extracellular vesicles, and other factors such as leukemia inhibitory factor, colony-stimulating factor, reactive oxygen species, soluble human leukocyte antigen G, amino acids, and apolipoproteins in these media. Given the key role of cytokines in embryo implantation, these factors can be considered promising molecules for predicting the implantation success of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The present study was conducted to review embryo-secreted molecules as potential biomarkers for embryo selection in ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrami-Asl
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hajipour
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Rastgar Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tannaz Novinbahador
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laya Farzadi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Francisco Dominguez
- Fundacion Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto Universitario IVI (IUIVI), ISS LaFe, Valencia, Spain
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248
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Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss is a distressing pregnancy disorder experienced by ~2.5% of women trying to conceive. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as the failure of two or more clinically recognized pregnancies before 20-24 weeks of gestation and includes embryonic and fetal losses. The diagnosis of an early pregnancy loss is relatively straightforward, although progress in predicting and preventing recurrent pregnancy loss has been hampered by a lack of standardized definitions, the uncertainties surrounding the pathogenesis and the highly variable clinical presentation. The prognosis for couples with recurrent pregnancy loss is generally good, although the likelihood of a successful pregnancy depends on maternal age and the number of previous losses. Recurrent pregnancy loss can be caused by chromosomal errors, anatomical uterine defects, autoimmune disorders and endometrial dysfunction. Available treatments target the putative risk factors of pregnancy loss, although the effectiveness of many medical interventions is controversial. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, couples require accurate information on their chances of having a baby and appropriate support should be offered to reduce the psychological burden associated with multiple miscarriages. Future research must investigate the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss and evaluate novel diagnostic tests and treatments in adequately powered clinical trials.
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249
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Gómez LA, De Avila J, Castillo DM, Montenegro DA, Trujillo TG, Suárez LJ, Lafaurie GI. Porphyromonas gingivalis Placental Atopobiosis and Inflammatory Responses in Women With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591626. [PMID: 33343532 PMCID: PMC7738622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome modulates inflammation at the fetal maternal interface on both term and preterm labor. Inflammophilic oral bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, as well as urogenital microorganisms (UGM) could translocate to the placenta and activate immune mechanisms in decidual tissue that is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). This study establishes the associations between the presence of microbes in the placenta and placental cytokine patterns in women who presented APO, e.g., low birth weight (LBW), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm birth (PTB) and other clinical signs related to Chorioamnionitis (CA). A total of 40 pregnant women were included in the study and divided into five groups according to placental infection (PI) and APO, as follows: (1) women without PI and without APO (n = 17), (2) women with P. gingivalis-related PI and APO (n = 5), (3) women with P. gingivalis-related PI and without APO (n = 4), (4) women with PI related to UGM and APO (n = 5) and (5) women without PI with APO (n = 9). Obstetric, clinical periodontal status evaluation, and subgingival plaque sampling were performed at the time of delivery. Placental levels of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 α (MCP-1α), granzyme B, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were determined using a multiplex flow cytometry assay. All patients showed a predominant Th-1 cytokine profile related to labor, characterized by IFN-γ overexpression. The analysis by groups suggests that Th-1 profile was trending to maintain cytotoxic cell activity by the expression of IL-15 and granzyme B, except for the group with P. gingivalis-related PI and APO, which exhibited a reduction of IL-10 and IL-17F cytokines (p < 0.05) and a Th-1 profile favoring macrophage activation by MCP-1 production (p < 0.05). This study confirms a pro-inflammatory pattern associated with labor, characterized by a Th-1 profile and the activity of cytotoxic cells, which is enhanced by PI with UGM. However, PI associated with P. gingivalis suggests a switch where the Th-1 profile favors an inflammatory response mediated by MCP-1 and macrophage activity as a mechanistic explanation of its possible relationship with adverse outcomes in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Amparo Gómez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliette De Avila
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Tammy Gorety Trujillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina J Suárez
- Basic Science and Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigations-UIBO, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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250
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Mohammadi S, Abdollahi E, Nezamnia M, Esmaeili SA, Tavasolian F, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Adoptive transfer of Tregs: A novel strategy for cell-based immunotherapy in spontaneous abortion: Lessons from experimental models. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107195. [PMID: 33278746 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since half of the genes are inherited from the paternal side, the maternal immune system has to tolerate the presence of foreign paternal antigens. Regulatory T cells facilitate the development and maintenance of peripheral tissue tolerance of the fetus during pregnancy. Reduction in regulatory T cells is associated with complications of pregnancy, including spontaneous abortion. Recent studies in mouse models have shown that the adoptive transfer of Tregs can prevent spontaneous abortion in mouse models through improving maternal tolerance. Thus, adoptive cell therapy using autologous Tregs could potentially be a novel therapeutic approach for cell-based immunotherapy in women with unexplained spontaneous abortion. Besides, strategies for activating and expanding antigen-specific Tregs ex vivo and in vivo based on pharmacological agents can pave the foundation for an approach incorporating immunotherapy and pharmacotherapy. This review aims to elaborate on the current understanding of the therapeutic potential of the adoptive transfer of Tregs in the treatment of spontaneous abortion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Mohammadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Maria Nezamnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fataneh Tavasolian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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