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van Woerden G, Gorter TM, Westenbrink BD, Willems TP, van Veldhuisen DJ, Rienstra M. Epicardial fat in heart failure patients with mid-range and preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1559-1566. [PMID: 30070041 PMCID: PMC6607508 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Adipose tissue and inflammation may play a role in the pathophysiology of patients with heart failure (HF) with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. We therefore investigated epicardial fat in patients with HF with preserved (HFpEF) and mid‐range ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and related this to co‐morbidities, plasma biomarkers and cardiac structure. Methods and results A total of 64 HF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction >40% and 20 controls underwent routine cardiac magnetic resonance examination. Epicardial fat volume was quantified on short‐axis cine stacks covering the entire epicardium and was related to clinical correlates, biomarkers associated with inflammation and myocardial injury, and cardiac function and contractility on cardiac magnetic resonance. HF patients and controls were of comparable age, sex and body mass index. Total epicardial fat volume was significantly higher in HF patients compared to controls (107 mL/m2 vs. 77 mL/m2, P <0.0001). HF patients with atrial fibrillation and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus had more epicardial fat than HF patients without these co‐morbidities (116 vs. 100 mL/m2, P =0.03, and 120 vs. 97 mL/m2, P =0.001, respectively). Creatine kinase‐MB, troponin T and glycated haemoglobin in patients with HF were positively correlated with epicardial fat volume (R =0.37, P =0.006; R =0.35, P =0.01; and R =0.42, P =0.002, respectively). Conclusion Heart failure patients had more epicardial fat compared to controls, despite similar body mass index. Epicardial fat volume was associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus and with biomarkers related to myocardial injury. The clinical implications of these findings are unclear, but warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van Woerden
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M Gorter
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke P Willems
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hammoudi N, Jeong D, Singh R, Farhat A, Komajda M, Mayoux E, Hajjar R, Lebeche D. Empagliflozin Improves Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in a Genetic Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018. [PMID: 28643218 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular (CV) diseases in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) represent an enormous burden with high mortality and morbidity. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have recently emerged as a new antidiabetic class that improves glucose control, as well as body weight and blood pressure with no increased risk of hypoglycemia. The first CV outcome study terminated with empagliflozin, a specific SGLT2 inhibitor, has shown a reduction in CV mortality and in heart failure hospitalization, suggesting a beneficial impact on cardiac function which remains to be demonstrated. This study was designed to examine the chronic effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions in a genetic model of T2DM, ob/ob mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac phenotype was characterized by echocardiography, in vivo hemodynamics, histology, and molecular profiling. Our results demonstrate that empagliflozin significantly lowered HbA1c and slightly reduced body weight compared to vehicle treatment with no obvious changes in insulin levels. Empagliflozin also improved LV maximum pressure and in vivo indices of diastolic function. While systolic function was grossly not affected in both groups at steady state, response to dobutamine stimulation was significantly improved in the empagliflozin-treated group, suggesting amelioration of contractile reserve. This was paralleled by an increase in phospholamban (PLN) phosphorylation and increased SERCA2a/PLN ratio, indicative of enhanced SERCA2a function, further supporting improved cardiac relaxation and diastolic function. In addition, empagliflozin reconciled diabetes-associated increase in MAPKs and dysregulated phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt, leading to improvement in myocardial insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization. CONCLUSION The data show that chronic treatment with empagliflozin improves diastolic function, preserves calcium handling and growth signaling pathways and attenuates myocardial insulin resistance in ob/ob mice, findings suggestive of a potential clinical utility for empagliflozin in the treatment of diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjib Hammoudi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM UMRS 1166, Paris, France
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ahmed Farhat
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michel Komajda
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Cardiologie (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM UMRS 1166, Paris, France
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Cardio-metabolic Diseases, Binger Straße 173, 55216, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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203
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Clerico A, Passino C, Emdin M. The paradox of low B-type natriuretic peptide levels in obesity revisited: does sex matter? Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:1215-1216. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Clerico
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana G.; Monasterio, Pisa Italy
| | - Claudio Passino
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana G.; Monasterio, Pisa Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Fondazione CNR Regione Toscana G.; Monasterio, Pisa Italy
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204
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Shiga T, Kohro T, Yamasaki H, Aonuma K, Suzuki A, Ogawa H, Hagiwara N, Yamazaki T, Nagai R, Kasanuki H. Body Mass Index and Sudden Cardiac Death in Japanese Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Data From the JCAD Study and HIJAMI-II Registry. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.008633. [PMID: 29982233 PMCID: PMC6064840 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Although an “obesity paradox” exists in patients after myocardial infarction, the association between obesity and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is limited. The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity is associated with an increased risk of SCD in Japanese survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results Pooled data from 2 cohort studies in Japan, JCAD (Japanese Coronary Artery Disease) study and the Heart Institute of Japan Acute Myocardial Infarction‐II (HIJAMI‐II) registry, comprising of 6216 patients (mean age 65±11 years, 75.2% male) with acute myocardial infarction who were discharged alive, were studied. The patients were categorized into the following body mass index (BMI) groups at baseline according to the World Health Organization classification for Asian populations: BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (n=335), 18.5 to 23 kg/m2 (n=2371), 23 to 27.5 kg/m2 (n=2823), and ≥27.5 kg/m2 (n=687). The main outcomes were all‐cause mortality and SCD. During an average follow‐up period of 3.6±1.4 years, all‐cause mortality was 10.1%, and SCD was 1.2%. Patients with BMI <18.5 kg/m2 had the highest rate of all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–2.16), but high BMI (≥27.5 kg/m2) was not associated with mortality compared with patients in the group with BMI ≥18.5 and <23 kg/m2. However, the long‐term risk of SCD was increased in the group with BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–7.15). Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 was associated with an increased risk of SCD (hazard ratio, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–5.74). Conclusions Obesity (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2) was associated with the risk of SCD in Japanese patients after myocardial infarction, although an obesity paradox was found for all‐cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiro Yamasaki
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hagiwara
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yamazaki
- Clinical Research Support Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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205
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Alpert MA, Karthikeyan K, Abdullah O, Ghadban R. Obesity and Cardiac Remodeling in Adults: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:114-123. [PMID: 29990533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Alpert
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Kamalesh Karthikeyan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Obai Abdullah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rugheed Ghadban
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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206
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Shiou YL, Huang IC, Lin HT, Lee HC. High fat diet aggravates atrial and ventricular remodeling of hypertensive heart disease in aging rats. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:621-631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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207
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Coromilas EJ, Bello NA. Gender Differences in Obesity-Associated Cardiac Remodeling. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/gg.2016.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie J. Coromilas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Natalie A. Bello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Vasan SK, Roy A, Samuel VT, Antonisamy B, Bhargava SK, Alex AG, Singh B, Osmond C, Geethanjali FS, Karpe F, Sachdev H, Agrawal K, Ramakrishnan L, Tandon N, Thomas N, Premkumar PS, Asaithambi P, Princy SFX, Sinha S, Paul TV, Prabhakaran D, Fall CHD. IndEcho study: cohort study investigating birth size, childhood growth and young adult cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of midlife myocardial structure and function in South Asians. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019675. [PMID: 29643156 PMCID: PMC5898335 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION South Asians have high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and central obesity). Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and dysfunction are features of these disorders and important predictors of CVD mortality. Lower birth and infant weight and greater childhood weight gain are associated with increased adult CVD mortality, but there are few data on their relationship to LV function. The IndEcho study will examine associations of birth size, growth during infancy, childhood and adolescence and CVD risk factors in young adulthood with midlife cardiac structure and function in South Asian Indians. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We propose to study approximately 3000 men and women aged 43-50 years from two birth cohorts established in 1969-1973: the New Delhi Birth Cohort (n=1508) and Vellore Birth Cohort (n=2156). They had serial measurements of weight and height from birth to early adulthood. CVD risk markers (body composition, blood pressure, glucose tolerance and lipids) and lifestyle characteristics (tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, socioeconomic status) were assessed at age ~30 years. Clinical measurements in IndEcho will include anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemistry (glucose, fasting insulin and lipids, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio) and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance. Outcomes are LV mass and indices of LV systolic and diastolic function assessed by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, carotid intimal-media thickness and ECG indicators of ischaemia. Regression and conditional growth models, adjusted for potential confounders, will be used to study associations of childhood and young adult exposures with these cardiovascular outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Health Ministry Steering Committee, Government of India and institutional ethics committees of participating centres in India and the University of Southampton, UK. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings and peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN13432279; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil K Vasan
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Department of Cardiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Viji Thomson Samuel
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Belavendra Antonisamy
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Anoop George Alex
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhaskar Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Finney S Geethanjali
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Harshpal Sachdev
- Department of Paediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanhaiya Agrawal
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Cardiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nihal Thomas
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanna S Premkumar
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prrathepa Asaithambi
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha F X Princy
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sikha Sinha
- Department of Paediatrics, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Thomas Vizhalil Paul
- Departments of Cardiology, Biostatistics, Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Wang H, Sun Y, Li Z, Guo X, Chen S, Ye N, Tian Y, Zhang L. Gender-specific contribution of cardiometabolic index and lipid accumulation product to left ventricular geometry change in general population of rural China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:62. [PMID: 29631555 PMCID: PMC5891949 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite current interest in the unfavorable impact of cardiometabolic index (CMI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) on diabetes and cardiovascular risk, information regarding the relation of CMI and LAP to left ventricular (LV) geometry has not been specifically addressed. We aimed to examine the hypothesis: (1) CMI and LAP represent an independent determinant of LV remodeling in general population of rural China; (2) there are gender differences in obesity-related alterations in terms of LV morphology. Methods The sample for this cross-sectional analysis included 11,258 participants (mean age 53.9 years; 54.0% females) who underwent assessment of basic metabolic and anthropometric parameters in rural areas of northeast China. Comprehensive echocardiography-defined LV geometric pattern was determined according to left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness. Results The prevalence rate of eccentric and concentric LV hypertrophy (LVH) presented a proportional increase with elevated quartiles of CMI and LAP in a dose-response manner (all P < 0.005). When CMI and LAP were entered as a continuous variable in multivariable adjusted model, we observed the independent effect of 1 SD increment in CMI and LAP with the probability of eccentric and concentric LVH, while this relationship was more pronounced in females than in males. Likewise, the odds ratio comparing the top versus bottom quartiles of CMI were 2.105 (95%CI:1.600–2.768) for eccentric LVH and 2.236 (95%CI:1.419–3.522) for concentric LVH in females. Males in the highest CMI quartile exhibited a nearly doubled (OR:1.724, 95%CI:1.287–2.311) and 1.523-fold (95%CI:1.003–2.313) greater risk of eccentric and concentric LVH, respectively. Increasing LAP entailed a higher possibility of eccentric LVH by a factor of 3.552 and 1.768 in females and males, respectively. In contrast to females, where LAP fourth quartile and concentric LVH were positively associated (OR:2.544, 95%CI:1.537–4.209), higher LAP did not correlate with concentric LVH in males (OR:1.234, 95%CI:0.824–1.849). Conclusions CMI and LAP give rise to a new paradigm of accounting for gender difference in obesity-related abnormal LV geometry, an effect that was substantially greater in females. These two indices, acting in concert, may also be advantageous prognostically for refining cardiovascular risk stratification in individuals with LV remodeling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0798-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Recovery of Cardiac Remodeling and Dysmetabolism by Pancreatic Islet Injury Improvement in Diabetic Rats after Yacon Leaf Extract Treatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1821359. [PMID: 30057670 PMCID: PMC6051012 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1821359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a native Andean plant rich in phenolic compounds, and its effects on dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats was evaluated. The rats (10/group) were allocated as follows: C, controls; C + Y, controls treated with Yacon leaf extract (YLE); DM, diabetic controls; and DM + Y, diabetic rats treated with YLE. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg−1/kg body weight, single dose, i.p.), and treated groups received 100 mg/kg body weight YLE daily via gavage for 30 d. The YLE group shows an improvement in dysmetabolism and cardiomyopathy in the diabetic condition (DM versus DM + Y) promoting a significant reduction of glycemia by 63.39%, an increase in insulin concentration by 49.30%, and a decrease in serum triacylglycerol and fatty acid contents by 0.39- and 0.43-fold, respectively, by ameliorating the pancreatic islet injury, as well as increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) and decreasing the fibrosis and cellular disorganization in cardiac tissue. The apparent benefits of YLE seem to be mediated by ameliorating dysmetabolism and oxidative stress in pancreatic and cardiac tissues.
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211
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Schafer C, Young ZT, Makarewich CA, Elnwasany A, Kinter C, Kinter M, Szweda LI. Coenzyme A-mediated degradation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 promotes cardiac metabolic flexibility after high-fat feeding in mice. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29540486 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac energy is produced primarily by oxidation of fatty acids and glucose, with the relative contributions of each nutrient being sensitive to changes in substrate availability and energetic demand. A major contributor to cardiac metabolic flexibility is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts glucose-derived pyruvate to acetyl-CoA within the mitochondria. PDH is inhibited by phosphorylation dependent on the competing activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1-4) and phosphatases (PDP1-2). A single high-fat meal increases cardiac PDK4 content and subsequently inhibits PDH activity, reducing pyruvate utilization when abundant fatty acids are available. In this study, we demonstrate that diet-induced increases in PDK4 are reversible and characterize a novel pathway that regulates PDK4 degradation in response to the cardiac metabolic environment. We found that PDK4 degradation is promoted by CoA (CoASH), the levels of which declined in mice fed a high-fat diet and normalized following transition to a control diet. We conclude that CoASH functions as a metabolic sensor linking the rate of PDK4 degradation to fatty acid availability in the heart. However, prolonged high-fat feeding followed by return to a low-fat diet resulted in persistent in vitro sensitivity of PDH to fatty acid-induced inhibition despite reductions in PDK4 content. Moreover, increases in the levels of proteins responsible for β-oxidation and rates of palmitate oxidation by isolated cardiac mitochondria following long-term consumption of high dietary fat persisted after transition to the control diet. We propose that these changes prime PDH for inhibition upon reintroduction of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schafer
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Zachary T Young
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | - Abdallah Elnwasany
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Caroline Kinter
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Michael Kinter
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Luke I Szweda
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, .,the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
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Parsons TJ, Sartini C, Welsh P, Sattar N, Ash S, Lennon LT, Wannamethee SG, Lee IM, Whincup PH, Jefferis BJ. Objectively measured physical activity and cardiac biomarkers: A cross sectional population based study in older men. Int J Cardiol 2018; 254:322-327. [PMID: 29407114 PMCID: PMC5958950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high sensitivity Troponin T (hsTnT) are markers of cardiac injury used in diagnosis of heart failure and myocardial infarction respectively, and associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Since physical activity is protective against cardiovascular disease and heart failure, we investigated whether higher levels of physical activity, and less sedentary behaviour were associated with lower NT-proBNP and hsTnT. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross sectional study of 1130 men, age 70-91years, from the British Regional Heart Study, measured in 2010-2012. Fasting blood samples were analysed for NT-proBNP and hsTnT. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured using ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers. Relationships between activity and NT-proBNP or hsTnT were non-linear; biomarker levels were lower with higher total activity, steps, moderate/vigorous activity and light activity only at low to moderate levels of activity. For example, for each additional 10min of moderate/vigorous activity, NT-proBNP was lower by 35.7% (95% CI -47.9, -23.6) and hsTnT by 8.4% (95% CI -11.1, -5.6), in men who undertook <25 or 50min of moderate/vigorous activity per day respectively. Biomarker levels increased linearly with increasing sedentary behaviour, but not independently of moderate/vigorous activity. CONCLUSION Associations between biomarkers and moderate/vigorous activity (and between hsTnT and light activity) were independent of sedentary behaviour, suggesting activity is driving the relationships. In these older men with concomitantly low levels of physical activity, activity may be more important in protecting against cardiac health deterioration in less active individuals, although reverse causality might be operating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Parsons
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, United Kingdom.
| | - Claudio Sartini
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Welsh
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Ash
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy T Lennon
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, United Kingdom
| | | | - I-Min Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, United Kingdom
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No Obesity Paradox in Pediatric Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2018; 6:222-230. [PMID: 29428438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the role of nutrition in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). BACKGROUND In adults with DCM, malnutrition is associated with mortality, whereas obesity is associated with survival. METHODS The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry was used to identify patients with DCM and categorized by anthropometric measurements: malnourished (MN) (body mass index [BMI] <5% for age ≥2 years or weight-for-length <5% for <2 years), obesity (BMI >95% for age ≥2 years or weight-for-length >95% for <2 years), or normal bodyweight (NB). Of 904 patients with DCM, 23.7% (n = 214) were MN, 13.3% (n=120) were obese, and 63.1% (n=570) were NB. RESULTS Obese patients were older (9.0 vs. 5.7 years for NB; p < 0.001) and more likely to have a family history of DCM (36.1% vs. 23.5% for NB; p = 0.023). MN patients were younger (2.7 years vs. 5.7 years for NB; p < 0.001) and more likely to have heart failure (79.9% vs. 69.7% for NB; p = 0.012), cardiac dimension z-scores >2, and higher ventricular mass compared with NB. In multivariable analysis, MN was associated with increased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66 to 3.65; p < 0.001); whereas obesity was not (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.72 to 3.08). Competing outcomes analysis demonstrated increased risk of mortality for MN compared with NB (p = 0.03), but no difference in transplant rate (p = 0.159). CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition is associated with increased mortality and other unfavorable echocardiographic and clinical outcomes compared with those of NB. The same effect of obesity on survival was not observed. Further studies are needed investigating the long-term impact of abnormal anthropometric measurements on outcomes in pediatric DCM. (Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry; NCT00005391).
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Huemer M, Becker AK, Wutzler A, Attanasio P, Parwani AS, Lacour P, Boldt LH, Pieske B, Haverkamp W, Blaschke F. Implantable loop recorders in patients with unexplained syncope: Clinical predictors of pacemaker implantation. Cardiol J 2018; 26:36-46. [PMID: 29399750 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are a valuable tool for the investigation of unexplainedsyncopal episodes. The aim of this retrospective single center study was to identify predictive factors for pacemaker implantation in patients with unexplained syncope who underwent ILR insertion. METHODS One hundred six patients were retrospectively analyzed (mean age 59.1 years; 47.2% male) with unexplained syncope and negative conventional testing who underwent ILR implantation. The pri- mary study endpoint was detection of symptomatic or asymptomatic bradycardia requiring pacemaker implantation. RESULTS The average follow-up period after ILR implantation was 20 ± 15 months. Pacemaker im- plantation according to current guidelines was necessary in 22 (20.8%) patients, mean duration until index bradycardia was 81 ± 88 (2-350) days. Ten (45.5%) patients received a pacemaker due to sinus arrest, 7 (31.8%) patients due to third-degree atrioventricular block, 2 (9.1%) patients due to second- degree atrioventricular block and 1 (4.5%) patient due to atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular rate. Three factors remained significant in multivariate analysis: obesity, which defined by a body mass index above 30 kg/m2 (OR: 7.39, p = 0.014), a right bundle branch block (OR: 9.40, p = 0.023) and chronic renal failure as defined by a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min (OR: 6.42, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Bradycardia is a frequent finding in patients undergoing ILR implantation due to un- explained syncope. Obesity, right bundle branch block and chronic renal failure are independent clinical predictors of pacemaker implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Huemer
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Becker
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Wutzler
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Attanasio
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdul S Parwani
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Lacour
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif-Hendrik Boldt
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Haverkamp
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
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G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as an integrative signalling node in the regulation of cardiovascular function and metabolic homeostasis. Cell Signal 2018; 41:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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216
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Ndumele CE, Cobb L, Lazo M, Bello NA, Shah A, Nambi V, Blumenthal RS, Gerstenblith G, Solomon SD, Ballantyne CM, Selvin E, Coresh J. Weight History and Subclinical Myocardial Damage. Clin Chem 2018; 64:201-209. [PMID: 29158254 PMCID: PMC6219376 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.282798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight is associated with subclinical myocardial damage, as reflected by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations, which portends high heart failure risk. However, the association between weight history and myocardial damage is unknown. METHODS We evaluated 9062 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) visit 4 (1996-1999) participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 and no previous cardiovascular disease. We cross-tabulated visit 4 ("current") BMI categories of normal weight, overweight, and obese with those at visit 1 (1987-1989) and with BMI categories calculated from self-reported weight at age 25 years. Duration of obesity was calculated in years. A cumulative weight measure of "excess BMI-years" was also calculated [product of mean BMI (centered at 25 kg/m2) over all ARIC time points × follow-up duration]. We used logistic regression to estimate associations of weight history metrics with increased hs-cTnT (≥14 ng/L) at visit 4. RESULTS Overall, 623 individuals (7%) had increased hs-cTnT at visit 4. Within each current BMI category, previous excess weight was associated with increased hs-cTnT, with the strongest associations for those with past and current obesity [odds ratio (OR), 3.85; 95% CI, 2.51-5.90 for obesity at age 25 years and visit 4]. Each 10-year longer obesity duration was associated with increased hs-cTnT (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.35). Each 100 higher excess BMI-years was also progressively associated with increased hs-cTnT (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14-1.27). CONCLUSIONS Previous obesity and greater cumulative weight from young adulthood increase the likelihood of myocardial damage, indicating long-term toxic effects of adiposity on the myocardium and the need for weight maintenance strategies targeting the entire life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiadi E Ndumele
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Natalie A Bello
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Amil Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston, TX
- Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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217
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Csige I, Ujvárosy D, Szabó Z, Lőrincz I, Paragh G, Harangi M, Somodi S. The Impact of Obesity on the Cardiovascular System. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:3407306. [PMID: 30525052 PMCID: PMC6247580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3407306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide. It is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk on the one hand of obesity itself and on the other hand of associated medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, and sleep apnoea syndrome). Obesity has an important role in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Obesity leads to structural and functional changes of the heart, which causes heart failure. The altered myocardial structure increases the risk of atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. However, obesity also has a protective effect on the clinical outcome of underlying cardiovascular disease, the phenomenon called obesity paradox. The improved cardiac imaging techniques allow the early detection of altered structure and function of the heart in obese patients. In this review, we attempt to summarize the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular diseases and outline the underlying mechanisms. The demonstrated new techniques of cardiac diagnostic procedures allow for the early detection and treatment of subclinical medical conditions and, therefore, the prevention of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Csige
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Ujvárosy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Lőrincz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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218
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Ghnenis AB, Odhiambo JF, McCormick RJ, Nathanielsz PW, Ford SP. Maternal obesity in the ewe increases cardiac ventricular expression of glucocorticoid receptors, proinflammatory cytokines and fibrosis in adult male offspring. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189977. [PMID: 29267325 PMCID: PMC5739430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity during human pregnancy predisposes offspring to obesity and cardiovascular disease in postnatal life. In a sheep model of maternal overnutrition/obesity we have previously reported myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, as well as cardiac dysfunction in late term fetuses, in association with chronically elevated blood cortisol. Significant research has suggested a link between elevated glucocorticoid exposure in utero and hypertension and cardiovascular disease postnatally. Here we examined the effects of maternal obesity on myocardial inflammation and fibrosis of their adult offspring. Adult male offspring from control (CON) mothers fed 100% of National Research Council (NRC) recommendations (n = 6) and male offspring from obese mothers (MO) fed 150% NRC (n = 6), were put on a 12-week ad libitum feeding challenge then necropsied. At necropsy, plasma cortisol and left and right ventricular thickness were markedly increased (P<0.05) in adult male MO offspring. Myocardial collagen content and collagen-crosslinking were greater (P<0.05) in MO offspring compared to CON offspring in association with increased mRNA and protein expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR). No group difference was found in myocardial mineralocorticoids receptor (MR) protein expression. Further, mRNA expression for the proinflammatory cytokines: cluster of differentiation (CD)-68, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased (P < 0.05), and protein expression of CD-68, TGF-β1, and TNF-α tended to increase (P<0.10) in MO vs. CON offspring. These data provide evidence for MO-induced programming of elevated plasma cortisol and myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in adult offspring potentially through increased GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel B. Ghnenis
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - John F. Odhiambo
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Richard J. McCormick
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Ford
- Center for the Study of Fetal Programming, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
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Joyce E, Lala A, Stevens SR, Cooper LB, AbouEzzeddine OF, Groarke JD, Grodin JL, Braunwald E, Anstrom KJ, Redfield MM, Stevenson LW. Prevalence, Profile, and Prognosis of Severe Obesity in Contemporary Hospitalized Heart Failure Trial Populations. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2017; 4:923-931. [PMID: 27908391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the prevalence, profile, and prognosis of severe obesity in a large contemporary acute heart failure (AHF) population. BACKGROUND Better prognosis has been reported for obese heart failure (HF) patients than nonobese HF patients, but in other cardiovascular populations, this effect has not been demonstrated for severely obese patients. METHODS A cohort of 795 participants with body mass index (BMI) measured at time of admission and complete follow-up were identified from enrollment in 3 contemporary AHF trials (DOSE [Diuretic Strategies Optimization Evaluation], CARRESS-HF [Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure], and ROSE [Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation in Acute Heart Failure]). Patients were divided into 4 BMI categories according to standard World Health Organization criteria, as follows: normal weight: 18.5 to 25 kg/m2 [n = 128]; overweight: 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 [n = 209]; mild-to-moderate obese: 30 to 39.9 kg/m2 [n = 301]; and severely obese: ≥40 kg/m2 [n = 157]). The relationship between BMI and 60-day composite outcome (death, rehospitalization, or unscheduled provider visit) was investigated. RESULTS Patients with severe obesity (19.7%) were younger, more often female, hypertensive, diabetic, and more likely to have higher blood pressures and left ventricular ejection fraction, and lower N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin I levels than other BMI category patients. Following admission for AHF, patients with normal weight showed the highest risk of 60-day composite outcome, followed by patients who were severely obese. Overweight and mild-moderately obese patients showed lowest risk. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one-fifth of AHF patients enrolled in contemporary randomized clinical trials are severely obese. A U-shaped curve for short-term prognosis according to BMI is seen in AHF. These findings may help to better inform both HF clinical care and future clinical trial planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Joyce
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Anuradha Lala
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | | | - Lauren B Cooper
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Omar F AbouEzzeddine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John D Groarke
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin L Grodin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eugene Braunwald
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lynne W Stevenson
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Bounihi A, Bitam A, Bouazza A, Yargui L, Koceir EA. Fruit vinegars attenuate cardiac injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-adiposity actions in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:43-52. [PMID: 27595296 PMCID: PMC7011948 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1226369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fruit vinegars (FVs) are used in Mediterranean folk medicine for their hypolipidemic and weight-reducing properties. OBJECTIVE To investigate the preventive effects of three types of FV, commonly available in Algeria, namely prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill (Cectaceae)], pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)], and apple [Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae)], against obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two male Wistar rats were equally divided into 12 groups. The first group served as normal control (distilled water, 7 mL/kg bw), and the remaining groups were respectively treated with distilled water (7 mL/kg bw), acetic acid (0.5% w/v, 7 mL/kg bw) and vinegars of pomegranate, apple or prickly pear (at doses of 3.5, 7 and 14 mL/kg bw, acetic acid content as mentioned above) along with a high-fat diet (HFD). The effects of the oral administration of FV for 18 weeks on the body and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) weights, plasma inflammatory and cardiac enzymes biomarkers, and in heart tissue were evaluated. RESULTS Vinegars treatments significantly (p < .05) attenuated the HFD-induced increase in bw (0.2-0.5-fold) and VAT mass (0.7-1.8-fold), as well as increase in plasma levels of CRP (0.1-0.3-fold), fibrinogen (0.2-0.3-fold), leptin (1.7-3.7-fold), TNF-α (0.1-0.6-fold), AST (0.9-1.4-fold), CK-MB (0.3-1.4-fold) and LDH (2.7-6.7-fold). Moreover, vinegar treatments preserved myocardial architecture and attenuated cardiac fibrosis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that pomegranate, apple and prickly pear vinegars may prevent HFD-induced obesity and obesity-related cardiac complications, and that this prevention may result from the potent anti-inflammatory and anti-adiposity properties of these vinegars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdenour Bounihi
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Arezki Bitam
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Asma Bouazza
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Lyece Yargui
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Central Biochemistry Laboratory, Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Elhadj Ahmed Koceir
- Department of Biology and Physiology of Organisms, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Team, FSB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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Valero-Muñoz M, Backman W, Sam F. Murine Models of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: a "Fishing Expedition". JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:770-789. [PMID: 29333506 PMCID: PMC5764178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by signs and symptoms of HF in the presence of a normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). Despite accounting for up to 50% of all clinical presentations of HF, the mechanisms implicated in HFpEF are poorly understood, thus precluding effective therapy. The pathophysiological heterogeneity in the HFpEF phenotype also contributes to this disease and likely to the absence of evidence-based therapies. Limited access to human samples and imperfect animal models that completely recapitulate the human HFpEF phenotype have impeded our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings that exist in this disease. Aging and comorbidities such as atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes and obesity, pulmonary hypertension and renal dysfunction are highly associated with HFpEF. Yet, the relationship and contribution between them remains ill-defined. This review discusses some of the distinctive clinical features of HFpEF in association with these comorbidities and highlights the advantages and disadvantage of commonly used murine models, used to study the HFpEF phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valero-Muñoz
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Warren Backman
- Evans Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Flora Sam
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Evans Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Colasante C, Chen J, Ahlemeyer B, Baumgart-Vogt E. Peroxisomes in cardiomyocytes and the peroxisome / peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-loop. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:452-63. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-06-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SummaryIt is well established that the heart is strongly dependent on fatty acid metabolism. In cardiomyocytes there are two distinct sites for the β-oxidisation of fatty acids: the mitochondrion and the peroxisome. Although the metabolism of these two organelles is believed to be tightly coupled, the nature of this relationship has not been fully investigated. Recent research has established the significant contribution of mitochondrial function to cardiac ATP production under normal and pathological conditions. In contrast, limited information is available on peroxisomal function in the heart. This is despite these organelles harbouring metabolic pathways that are potentially cardioprotective, and findings that patients with peroxisomal diseases, such as adult Refsum’s disease, can develop heart failure. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current knowledge of peroxisomes and the regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARs in cardiomyocytes. We also present new experimental evidence on the differential expression of peroxisome-related genes in the heart chambers and demonstrate that even a mild peroxisomal biogenesis defect (Pex11α-/- ) can induce profound alterations in the cardiomyocyte’s peroxisomal compartment and related gene expression, including the concomitant deregulation of specific PPARs. The possible impact of peroxisomal dysfunction in the heart is discussed and a model for the modulation of myocardial metabolism via a peroxisome/PPAR-loop is proposed.
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Xu W, Wang C, Liang M, Chen L, Fu Q, Zhang F, Wang Y, Huang D, Huang K. A20 prevents obesity-induced development of cardiac dysfunction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 96:159-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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224
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Li W, Tang R, Ouyang S, Ma F, Liu Z, Wu J. Folic acid prevents cardiac dysfunction and reduces myocardial fibrosis in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:68. [PMID: 29118818 PMCID: PMC5668988 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folic acid (FA) is an antioxidant that can reduce reactive oxygen species generation and can blunt cardiac dysfunction during ischemia. We hypothesized that FA supplementation prevents cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction induced by obesity. Methods Six-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), normal diet (ND), or an HFD supplemented with folic acid (FAD) for 14 weeks. Cardiac function was measured using a transthoracic echocardiographic exam. Phenotypic analysis included measurements of body and heart weight, blood glucose and tissue homocysteine (Hcy) content, and heart oxidative stress status. Results HFD consumption elevated fasting blood glucose levels and caused obesity and heart enlargement. FA supplementation in HFD-fed mice resulted in reduced fasting blood glucose, heart weight, and heart tissue Hcy content. We also observed a significant cardiac systolic dysfunction when mice were subjected to HFD feeding as indicated by a reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening. However, FAD treatment improved cardiac function. FA supplementation protected against cardiac fibrosis induced by HFD. In addition, HFD increased malondialdehyde concentration of the heart tissue and reduced the levels of antioxidant enzyme, glutathione, and catalase. HFD consumption induced myocardial oxidant stress with amelioration by FA treatment. Conclusion FA supplementation significantly lowers blood glucose levels and heart tissue Hcy content and reverses cardiac dysfunction induced by HFD in mice. These functional improvements of the heart may be mediated by the alleviation of oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, NO. 9, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Department of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Renqiao Tang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, NO. 9, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Department of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Shengrong Ouyang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, NO. 9, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, NO. 9, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, NO. 9, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, NO. 9, Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China.,Department of Biochemistry, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020 China
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225
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Jacobsen BB, Leopoldo APL, Cordeiro JP, Campos DHSD, Nascimento AFD, Sugizaki MM, Cicogna AC, Padovani CR, Leopoldo AS. Cardiac, Metabolic and Molecular Profiles of Sedentary Rats in the Initial Moment of Obesity. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 109:432-439. [PMID: 29069204 PMCID: PMC5729779 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different types of high-fat and/or high-energy diets have been used to induce obesity in rodents. However, few studies have reported on the effects observed at the initial stage of obesity induced by high-fat feeding on cardiac functional and structural remodelling. OBJECTIVE To characterize the initial moment of obesity and investigate both metabolic and cardiac parameters. In addition, the role of Ca2+ handling in short-term exposure to obesity was verified. METHODS Thirty-day-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups (n = 19 each): control (C; standard diet) and high-fat diet (HF, unsaturated high-fat diet). The initial moment of obesity was defined by weekly measurement of body weight (BW) complemented by adiposity index (AI). Cardiac remodelling was assessed by morphological, histological, echocardiographic and papillary muscle analysis. Ca2+ handling proteins were determined by Western Blot. RESULTS The initial moment of obesity occurred at the 3rd week. Compared with C rats, the HF rats had higher final BW (4%), body fat (20%), AI (14.5%), insulin levels (39.7%), leptin (62.4%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (15.5%) but did not exhibit alterations in systolic blood pressure. Echocardiographic evaluation did not show alterations in cardiac parameters. In the HF group, muscles were observed to increase their +dT/dt (C: 52.6 ± 9.0 g/mm2/s and HF: 68.0 ± 17.0 g/mm2/s; p < 0.05). In addition, there was no changes in the cardiac expression of Ca2+ handling proteins. CONCLUSION The initial moment of obesity promotes alterations to hormonal and lipid profiles without cardiac damage or changes in Ca2+ handling.
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Vileigas DF, de Deus AF, da Silva DCT, de Tomasi LC, de Campos DHS, Adorni CS, de Oliveira SM, Sant'Ana PG, Okoshi K, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Saturated high-fat diet-induced obesity increases adenylate cyclase of myocardial β-adrenergic system and does not compromise cardiac function. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/17/e12914. [PMID: 27582064 PMCID: PMC5027348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic associated with high incidence of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms by which the obesity leads cardiac dysfunction are not fully elucidated and few studies have evaluated the relationship between obesity and proteins involved in myocardial β‐adrenergic (βA) system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiac function and βA pathway components in myocardium of obese rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (n = 17; standard diet) and obese (n = 17; saturated high‐fat diet) fed for 33 weeks. Nutritional profile and comorbidities were assessed. Cardiac structure and function was evaluated by macroscopic postmortem, echocardiographic and isolated papillary muscle analyzes. Myocardial protein expression of β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors, Gαs protein, adenylate cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A (PKA) was performed by Western blot. Cardiac cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and PKA activity were assessed by ELISA. Obese rats showed increased adiposity index (P < 0.001) and several comorbidities as hypertension, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia compared with control rats. Echocardiographic assessment revealed increased left atrium diameter (C: 4.98 ± 0.38 vs. Ob: 5.47 ± 0.53, P = 0.024) and posterior wall shortening velocity (C: 37.1 ± 3.6 vs. Ob: 41.8 ± 3.8, P = 0.007) in obese group. Papillary muscle evaluation indicated that baseline data and myocardial responsiveness to isoproterenol stimulation were similar between the groups. Protein expression of myocardial AC was higher in obese group than in the control (C: 1.00 ± 0.21 vs. Ob: 1.25 ± 0.10, P = 0.025), whereas the other components were unchanged. These results suggest that saturated high‐fat diet‐induced obesity was not effective in triggering cardiac dysfunction and impair the beta‐adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana F de Deus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle C T da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Loreta C de Tomasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dijon H S de Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Adorni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Scarlet M de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula G Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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227
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Roselle is cardioprotective in diet-induced obesity rat model with myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2017; 191:157-165. [PMID: 29066253 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity increase the risks of hypertension and myocardial infarction (MI) mediated by oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the actions of roselle aqueous extract (R) on cardiotoxicity in obese (OB) rats and thereon OB rats subjected to MI. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet for 8weeks. Firstly, OB rats were divided into (1) OB and (2) OB+R (100mg/kg, p.o, 28days). Then, OB rats were subjected to MI (ISO, 85mg/kg, s.c, 2days) and divided into three groups: (1) OB+MI, (2) OB+MI+R and (3) OB+MI+enalapril for another 4weeks. KEY FINDINGS Roselle ameliorated OB and OB+MI's cardiac systolic dysfunction and reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. The increased oxidative markers and decreased antioxidant enzymes in OB and OB+MI groups were all attenuated by roselle. SIGNIFICANCE These observations indicate the protective effect of roselle on cardiac dysfunction in OB and OB+MI rats, which suggest its potential to be developed as a nutraceutical product for obese and obese patients with MI in the future.
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228
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Myocardial metabolic alterations in mice with diet-induced atherosclerosis: linking sulfur amino acid and lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13597. [PMID: 29051579 PMCID: PMC5648757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the effect of diet on the atherosclerotic heart’s metabolism is unclear. We used an integrated metabolomics and lipidomics approach to evaluate metabolic perturbations in heart and serum from mice fed an atherogenic diet (AD) for 8, 16, and 25 weeks. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics revealed significant changes in sulfur amino acid (SAA) and lipid metabolism in heart from AD mice compared with heart from normal diet mice. Higher SAA levels in AD mice were quantitatively verified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Lipidomic profiling revealed that fatty acid and triglyceride (TG) levels in the AD group were altered depending on the degree of unsaturation. Additionally, levels of SCD1, SREBP-1, and PPARγ were reduced in AD mice after 25 weeks, while levels of reactive oxygen species were elevated. The results suggest that a long-term AD leads to SAA metabolism dysregulation and increased oxidative stress in the heart, causing SCD1 activity suppression and accumulation of toxic TGs with a low degree of unsaturation. These findings demonstrate that the SAA metabolic pathway is a promising therapeutic target for CVD treatment and that metabolomics can be used to investigate the metabolic signature of atherosclerosis.
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229
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Abstract
Obesity is a major global epidemic that sets the stage for diverse multiple pathologies, including cardiovascular disease. The obesity-related low-grade chronic inflamed milieu is more pronounced in aging and responsive to cardiac dysfunction in heart failure pathology. Metabolic dysregulation of obesity integrates with immune reservoir in spleen and kidney network. Therefore, an integrative systems biology approach is necessary to delay progressive cardiac alternations. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to largely discuss the impact of obesity on the cardiovascular pathobiology in the context of problems and challenges, with major emphasis on the diversified models, and to study cardiac remodeling in obesity. The information in this article is immensely helpful in teaching advanced undergraduate, graduate, and medical students about the advancement and impact of obesity on cardiovascular health. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1463-1477, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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230
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Drane AL, Shave R, Routh A, Barbon A. An exploratory investigation of echocardiographic parameters and the effects of posture on cardiac structure and function in the Livingstone's fruit bat (Pteropus livingstonii
). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 59:89-97. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L. Drane
- School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cyncoed Campus; Cardiff CF23 6XD UK
| | - Robert Shave
- School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cyncoed Campus; Cardiff CF23 6XD UK
| | - Andrew Routh
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor; La Profonde Rue; Trinity Jersey JE3 5BP Channel Islands
| | - Alberto Barbon
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor; La Profonde Rue; Trinity Jersey JE3 5BP Channel Islands
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231
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McGinnis GR, Tang Y, Brewer RA, Brahma MK, Stanley HL, Shanmugam G, Rajasekaran NS, Rowe GC, Frank SJ, Wende AR, Abel ED, Taegtmeyer H, Litovsky S, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J, Chatham JC, Young ME. Genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock differentially influences insulin-mediated processes in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:80-95. [PMID: 28736261 PMCID: PMC5586500 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular physiology exhibits time-of-day-dependent oscillations, which are mediated by both extrinsic (e.g., environment/behavior) and intrinsic (e.g., circadian clock) factors. Disruption of circadian rhythms negatively affects multiple cardiometabolic parameters. Recent studies suggest that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock directly modulates responsiveness of the heart to metabolic stimuli (e.g., fatty acids) and stresses (e.g., ischemia/reperfusion). The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock impacts insulin-regulated pathways in the heart. Genetic disruption of the circadian clock in cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK) and cardiomyocyte-specific Clock mutant (CCM) mice altered expression (gene and protein) of multiple insulin signaling components in the heart, including p85α and Akt. Both baseline and insulin-mediated Akt activation was augmented in CBK and CCM hearts (relative to littermate controls). However, insulin-mediated glucose utilization (both oxidative and non-oxidative) and AS160 phosphorylation were attenuated in CBK hearts, potentially secondary to decreased Inhibitor-1. Consistent with increased Akt activation in CBK hearts, mTOR signaling was persistently increased, which was associated with attenuation of autophagy, augmented rates of protein synthesis, and hypertrophy. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR (rapamycin; 10days) normalized cardiac size in CBK mice. These data suggest that disruption of cardiomyocyte circadian clock differentially influences insulin-regulated processes, and provide new insights into potential pathologic mediators following circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R McGinnis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rachel A Brewer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Manoja K Brahma
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Haley L Stanley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gobinath Shanmugam
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namakkal Soorappan Rajasekaran
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stuart J Frank
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School UT Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silvio Litovsky
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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232
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Shirpoor A, Zerehpoosh M, Ansari MHK, Kheradmand F, Rasmi Y. Ginger extract mitigates ethanol-induced changes of alpha and beta - myosin heavy chain isoforms gene expression and oxidative stress in the heart of male wistar rats. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 57:45-49. [PMID: 28654806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The association between ethanol consumption and heart abnormalities, such as chamber dilation, myocyte damage, ventricular hypertrophy, and hypertension is well known. However, underlying molecular mediators involved in ethanol-induced heart abnormalities remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on alpha and beta - myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms gene expression transition and oxidative stress in rats' heart. It was also planned to find out whether ginger extract mitigated the abnormalities induced by ethanol in rats' heart. Male wistar rats were divided into three groups of eight animals as follows: Control, ethanol, and ginger extract treated ethanolic (GETE) groups. After six weeks of treatment, the results revealed a significant increase in the β-MHC gene expression, 8- OHdG amount, and NADPH oxidase level. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the ratio of α-MHC/β-MHC gene expression to the amount of paraoxonase enzyme in the ethanol group compared to the control group was found. The consumption of Ginger extract along with ethanol ameliorated the changes in MHC isoforms gene expression and reduced the elevated amount of 8-OHdG and NADPH oxidase. Moreover, compared to the consumption of ethanol alone, it increased the paraoxonase level significantly. These findings indicate that ethanol-induced heart abnormalities may in part be associated with MHC isoforms changes mediated by oxidative stress, and that these effects can be alleviated by using ginger extract as an antioxidant molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shirpoor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mitra Zerehpoosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Kheradmand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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233
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Exercise Training Restores Cardiac MicroRNA-1 and MicroRNA-29c to Nonpathological Levels in Obese Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1549014. [PMID: 29138674 PMCID: PMC5613694 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1549014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that aerobic exercise training (AET) consisted of 10 weeks of 60-min swimming sessions, and 5 days/week AET counteracts CH in obesity. Here, we evaluated the role of microRNAs and their target genes that are involved in heart collagen deposition and calcium signaling, as well as the cardiac remodeling induced by AET in obese Zucker rats. Among the four experimental Zucker groups: control lean rats (LZR), control obese rats (OZR), trained lean rats (LZR + TR), and trained obese rats (OZR + TR), heart weight was greater in the OZR than in the LZR group due to increased cardiac intramuscular fat and collagen. AET seems to exert a protective role in normalizing the heart weight in the OZR + TR group. Cardiac microRNA-29c expression was decreased in OZR compared with the LZR group, paralleled by an increase in the collagen volumetric fraction (CVF). MicroRNA-1 expression was upregulated while the expression of its target gene NCX1 was decreased in OZR compared with the LZR group. Interestingly, AET restored cardiac microRNA-1 to nonpathological levels in the OZR-TR group. Our findings suggest that AET could be used as a nonpharmacological therapy for the reversal of pathological cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in obesity.
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234
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Daltro PS, Barreto BC, Silva PG, Neto PC, Sousa Filho PHF, Santana Neta D, Carvalho GB, Silva DN, Paredes BD, de Alcantara AC, Freitas LAR, Couto RD, Santos RR, Souza BSF, Soares MBP, Macambira SG. Therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells or conditioned medium reverse cardiac alterations in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1176-1188. [PMID: 28801055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with numerous cardiac complications, including arrhythmias, cardiac fibrosis, remodeling and heart failure. Here we evaluated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) to treat cardiac complications in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. METHODS After obesity induction and HFD withdrawal, obese mice were treated with MSCs, CM or vehicle. Cardiac function was assessed using electrocardiography, echocardiography and treadmill test. Body weight and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Cardiac tissue was used for real time (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathologic analysis. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Characterization of CM by protein array showed the presence of different cytokines and growth factors, including chemokines, osteopontin, cystatin C, Serpin E1 and Gas 6. HFD-fed mice presented cardiac arrhythmias, altered cardiac gene expression and fibrosis reflected in physical exercise incapacity associated with obesity and diabetes. Administration of MSCs or CM improved arrhythmias and exercise capacity. This functional improvement correlated with normalization of GATA4 gene expression in the hearts of MSC- or CM-treated mice. The gene expression of connexin 43, troponin I, adiponectin, transforming growth factor (TGF) β, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) were significantly reduced in MSCs, but not in CM-treated mice. Moreover, MSC or CM administration reduced the intensity of cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MSCs and CM have a recovery effect on cardiac disturbances due to obesity and corroborate to the paracrine action of MSCs in heart disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Daltro
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Multicentric Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - B C Barreto
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Faculty of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - P G Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - P Chenaud Neto
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - P H F Sousa Filho
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - D Santana Neta
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - G B Carvalho
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - D N Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - B D Paredes
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - L A R Freitas
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - R D Couto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - R R Santos
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - B S F Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M B P Soares
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - S G Macambira
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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235
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Azilsartan ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in young db/db mice through the modulation of ACE-2/ANG 1-7/Mas receptor cascade. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 144:90-99. [PMID: 28789938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia up-regulates intracellular angiotensin II (ANG-II) production in cardiac myocytes. This study investigated the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of azilsartan (AZL) treatment in a mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy and whether the cardioprotective effects of AZL are mediated by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2/ANG 1-7/Mas receptor (R) cascade. Control db/+ and db/db mice (n=5 per group) were treated with vehicle or AZL (1 or 3mg/kg/d oral gavage) from the age of 8 to 16weeks. Echocardiography was then performed and myocardial protein levels of ACE-2, Mas R, AT1R, AT2R, osteopontin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and nitrotyrosine were measured by Western blotting. Oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory markers were assessed by immunofluorescence of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Compared with db/+ mice, the vehicle-treated db/db mice developed obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and diastolic dysfunction along with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. AZL treatment lowered blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and reduced peak plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test. AZL-3 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of cytokines, oxidative DNA damage and cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, AZL-3 treatment significantly abrogated the downregulation of ACE-2 and Mas R protein levels in db/db mice. Furthermore, AZL treatment significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy and their marker molecules (osteopontin, CTGF, TGF-β1 and ANP). Short-term treatment with AZL-3 reversed abnormal cardiac structural remodeling and partially improved glucose metabolism in db/db mice by modulating the ACE-2/ANG 1-7/Mas R pathway.
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236
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Zhong P, Quan D, Peng J, Xiong X, Liu Y, Kong B, Huang H. Role of CaMKII in free fatty acid/hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac remodeling both in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 109:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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237
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Joyce E, Hoogslag GE, Kamperidis V, Debonnaire P, Katsanos S, Mertens B, Marsan NA, Bax JJ, Delgado V. Relationship Between Myocardial Function, Body Mass Index, and Outcome After ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:CIRCIMAGING.116.005670. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.005670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emer Joyce
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Georgette E. Hoogslag
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Philippe Debonnaire
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Spyridon Katsanos
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Bart Mertens
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Victoria Delgado
- From Departments of Cardiology (E.J., G.E.H., V.K., P.D., S.K., A.M., J.J.B., V.D.) and Medical Statistics (B.M.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.J.); Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (V.K.); and Department of Cardiology, Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium (P.D.)
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238
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Song E, Jahng JWS, Chong LP, Sung HK, Han M, Luo C, Wu D, Boo S, Hinz B, Cooper MA, Robertson AAB, Berger T, Mak TW, George I, Schulze PC, Wang Y, Xu A, Sweeney G. Lipocalin-2 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation via HMGB1 induced TLR4 signaling in heart tissue of mice under pressure overload challenge. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2723-2735. [PMID: 28670364 PMCID: PMC5489876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (also known as NGAL) levels are elevated in obesity and diabetes yet relatively little is known regarding effects on the heart. We induced pressure overload (PO) in mice and found that lipocalin-2 knockout (LKO) mice exhibited less PO-induced autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation than Wt. PO-induced mitochondrial damage was reduced and autophagic flux greater in LKO mice, which correlated with less cardiac dysfunction. All of these observations were negated upon adenoviral-mediated restoration of normal lipocalin-2 levels in LKO. Studies in primary cardiac fibroblasts indicated that lipocalin-2 enhanced priming and activation of NLRP3-inflammasome, detected by increased IL-1β, IL-18 and Caspase-1 activation. This was attenuated in cells isolated from NLRP3-deficient mice or upon pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3. Furthermore, lipocalin-2 induced release of HMGB1 from cells and NLRP3-inflammasome activation was attenuated by TLR4 inhibition. We also found evidence of increased inflammasome activation and reduced autophagy in cardiac biopsy samples from heart failure patients. Overall, this study provides new mechanistic insight on the detrimental role of lipocalin-2 in the development of cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfei Song
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
| | | | - Lisa P Chong
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
| | - Hye K Sung
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
| | - Cuiting Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Donghai Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine & HealthChina
| | - Stellar Boo
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, Canada
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandAustralia
| | - Avril AB Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandAustralia
| | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Canada
| | - Isaac George
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, USA
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
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239
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Tropf M, Nelson OL, Lee PM, Weng HY. Cardiac and Metabolic Variables in Obese Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1000-1007. [PMID: 28608635 PMCID: PMC5508341 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of obesity‐related cardiac dysfunction (ORCD) is linked to metabolic syndrome in people. Studies have indicated that obese dogs have components of metabolic syndrome, warranting evaluation for ORCD in obese dogs. Objectives To evaluate cardiac structure and function and metabolic variables in obese dogs compared to ideal weight dogs. Animals Forty‐six healthy, small‐breed (<25 pounds), obese dogs (n = 29) compared to ideal weight dogs (n = 17). Methods A cross‐sectional study of cardiac structure and function by standard and strain echocardiographic measurements and quantification of serum metabolic variables (insulin:glucose ratios, lipid analysis, adiponectin, inflammatory markers). Results Compared to the ideal weight controls, obese dogs had cardiac changes characterized by an increased interventricular septal width in diastole to left ventricular internal dimension in diastole ratio, decreased ratios of peak early to peak late left ventricular inflow velocities, and ratios of peak early to peak late mitral annular tissue velocities, and increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction percentages. The left ventricular posterior wall width in diastole to left ventricular internal dimension in diastole ratios were not significantly different between groups. Systolic blood pressure was not significantly different between groups. Obese dogs had metabolic derangements characterized by increased insulin:glucose ratios, dyslipidemias with increased cholesterol, triglyceride, and high‐density lipoprotein concentrations, decreased adiponectin concentrations, and increased concentrations of interleukin 8 and keratinocyte‐derived chemokine‐like inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Compared to ideal weight controls, obese dogs have alterations in cardiac structure and function as well as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia, and increased concentrations of inflammatory markers. These findings warrant additional studies to investigate inflammation, dyslipidemia, and possibly systemic hypertension as potential contributing factors for altered cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tropf
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - O L Nelson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - P M Lee
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - H Y Weng
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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240
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Garcia LR, Polegato BF, Zornoff LAM. Challenges of Translational Science. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:388-389. [PMID: 28591317 PMCID: PMC5444883 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Garcia
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Bertha F Polegato
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Leonardo A M Zornoff
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
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241
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The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on the Cardiovascular System. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-017-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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242
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Kain V, Halade GV. Metabolic and Biochemical Stressors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:31. [PMID: 28620607 PMCID: PMC5449449 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) or diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction is a direct consequence of uncontrolled metabolic syndrome and is widespread in US population and worldwide. Despite of the heterogeneous and distinct features of DCM, the clinical relevance of DCM is now becoming established. DCM progresses to pathological cardiac remodeling with the higher risk of heart attack and subsequent heart failure in diabetic patients. In this review, we emphasize lipid substrate quality and the phenotypic, metabolic, and biochemical stressors of DCM in the rodent and human pathophysiology. We discuss lipoxygenase signaling in the inflammatory pathway with multiple contributing and confounding factors leading to DCM. Additionally, emerging biochemical pathways are emphasized to make progress toward therapeutic advancement to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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243
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Gómez-Hurtado N, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Mateo P, Fernández-Velasco M, Val-Blasco A, Aizpún R, Sabourin J, Gómez AM, Benitah JP, Delgado C. Beneficial effects of leptin treatment in a setting of cardiac dysfunction induced by transverse aortic constriction in mouse. J Physiol 2017; 595:4227-4243. [PMID: 28374413 DOI: 10.1113/jp274030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Leptin, is a 16 kDa pleiotropic peptide not only primarily secreted by adipocytes, but also produced by other tissues, including the heart. Controversy exists regarding the adverse and beneficial effects of leptin on the heart We analysed the effect of a non-hypertensive dose of leptin on cardiac function, [Ca2+ ]i handling and cellular electrophysiology, which participate in the genesis of pump failure and related arrhythmias, both in control mice and in mice subjected to chronic pressure-overload by transverse aorta constriction. We find that leptin activates mechanisms that contribute to cardiac dysfunction under physiological conditions. However, after the establishment of pressure overload, an increase in leptin levels has protective cardiac effects with respect to rescuing the cellular heart failure phenotype. These beneficial effects of leptin involve restoration of action potential duration via normalization of transient outward potassium current and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content via rescue of control sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase levels and ryanodine receptor function modulation, leading to normalization of Ca2+ handling parameters. ABSTRACT Leptin, is a 16 kDa pleiotropic peptide not only primary secreted by adipocytes, but also produced by other tissues, including the heart. Evidence indicates that leptin may have either adverse or beneficial effects on the heart. To obtain further insights, in the present study, we analysed the effect of leptin treatment on cardiac function, [Ca2+ ]i handling and cellular electrophysiology, which participate in the genesis of pump failure and related arrhythmias, both in control mice and in mice subjected to chronic pressure-overload by transverse aorta constriction (TAC). Three weeks after surgery, animals received either leptin (0.36 mg kg-1 day-1 ) or vehicle via osmotic minipumps for 3 weeks. Echocardiographic measurements showed that, although leptin treatment was deleterious on cardiac function in sham, leptin had a cardioprotective effect following TAC. [Ca2+ ]i transient in cardiomyocytes followed similar pattern. Patch clamp experiments showed prolongation of action potential duration (APD) in TAC and leptin-treated sham animals, whereas, following TAC, leptin reduced the APD towards control values. APD variations were associated with decreased transient outward potassium current and Kv4.2 and KChIP2 protein expression. TAC myocytes showed a higher incidence of triggered activities and spontaneous Ca2+ waves. These proarrhythmic manifestations, related to Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and ryanodine receptor phosphorylation, were reduced by leptin. The results of the present study demonstrate that, although leptin treatment was deleterious on cardiac function in control animals, leptin had a cardioprotective effect following TAC, normalizing cardiac function and reducing arrhythmogeneity at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Gómez-Hurtado
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alejandro Domínguez-Rodríguez
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville/CIBER-CV, Seville, Spain
| | - Philippe Mateo
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | | | - Rafael Aizpún
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Sabourin
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ana María Gómez
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Alberto Sols/CIBER-CV, Madrid, Spain
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244
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Seravalle G, Grassi G. Obesity and hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2017; 122:1-7. [PMID: 28532816 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and in particular the excessive visceral fat distribution is accompanied by several alterations at hormonal, inflammatory and endothelial level. These alterations induce a stimulation of several other mechanisms that contribute to the hypertensive state and on the other side to increase the cardiovascular morbidity. In these chapter we will examine the main mechanisms of obesity and obesity-related hypertension and in particular the role of sympathetic nervous system, the alterations of the renal function and at the microvascular level. We will also depict the role of insulin resistance as factor stimulating and potentiating the other mechanisms. The second part will be focalized on the major target organ damage linked with obesity and obesity-related hypertension. We will finally describe the management and treatment of obesity and the antihypertensive drug therapies more effective in hypertensive obeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Seravalle
- Cardiology Department, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Guido Grassi
- Medical Clinic, S. Gerardo Hospital, University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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245
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Newman MS, Nguyen T, Watson MJ, Hull RW, Yu HG. Transcriptome profiling reveals novel BMI- and sex-specific gene expression signatures for human cardiac hypertrophy. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:355-367. [PMID: 28500252 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00122.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How obesity or sex may affect the gene expression profiles of human cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. We hypothesized that body-mass index (BMI) and sex can affect gene expression profiles of cardiac hypertrophy. Human heart tissues were grouped according to sex (male, female), BMI (lean<25 kg/m2, obese>30 kg/m2), or left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and non-LVH nonfailed controls (NF). We identified 24 differentially expressed (DE) genes comparing female with male samples. In obese subgroup, there were 236 DE genes comparing LVH with NF; in lean subgroup, there were seven DE genes comparing LVH with NF. In female subgroup, we identified 1,320 significant genes comparing LVH with NF; in male subgroup, there were 1,383 significant genes comparing LVH with NF. There were seven significant genes comparing obese LVH with lean NF; comparing male obese LVH with male lean NF samples we found 106 significant genes; comparing female obese LVH with male lean NF, we found no significant genes. Using absolute value of log2 fold-change > 2 or extremely small P value (10-20) as a criterion, we identified nine significant genes (HBA1, HBB, HIST1H2AC, GSTT1, MYL7, NPPA, NPPB, PDK4, PLA2G2A) in LVH, also found in published data set for ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy in heart failure. We identified a potential gene expression signature that distinguishes between patients with high BMI or between men and women with cardiac hypertrophy. Expression of established biomarkers atrial natriuretic peptide A (NPPA) and B (NPPB) were already significantly increased in hypertrophy compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie S Newman
- Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Tina Nguyen
- Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael J Watson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Robert W Hull
- Department of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Han-Gang Yu
- Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia;
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Hou C, Zheng B, Yang Y, Wang XG, Zhang B, Shi QP, Chen M. Weight reduction via life-style modifications results in reverse remodelling and cardiac functional improvement in a patient with obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:364-369. [PMID: 28285960 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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247
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Tune JD, Goodwill AG, Sassoon DJ, Mather KJ. Cardiovascular consequences of metabolic syndrome. Transl Res 2017; 183:57-70. [PMID: 28130064 PMCID: PMC5393930 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the concurrence of obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL cholesterol, and/or hypertension. Earlier conceptualizations of the MetS focused on insulin resistance as a core feature, and it is clearly coincident with the above list of features. Each component of the MetS is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the combination of these risk factors elevates rates and severity of cardiovascular disease, related to a spectrum of cardiovascular conditions including microvascular dysfunction, coronary atherosclerosis and calcification, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. While advances in understanding the etiology and consequences of this complex disorder have been made, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and it is unclear how these concurrent risk factors conspire to produce the variety of obesity-associated adverse cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight current knowledge regarding the pathophysiological consequences of obesity and the MetS on cardiovascular function and disease, including considerations of potential physiological and molecular mechanisms that may contribute to these adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan D Tune
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Daniel J Sassoon
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Kieren J Mather
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
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248
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Florido R, Ndumele CE, Kwak L, Pang Y, Matsushita K, Schrack JA, Lazo M, Nambi V, Blumenthal RS, Folsom AR, Coresh J, Ballantyne CM, Selvin E. Physical Activity, Obesity, and Subclinical Myocardial Damage. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2017; 5:377-384. [PMID: 28449797 PMCID: PMC5412715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the association of physical activity with chronic myocardial damage, assessed by elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), in individuals with and without obesity. BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of heart failure (HF), particularly among obese people. The role of chronic myocardial damage in this association is uncertain. METHODS We studied 9,427 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study without cardiovascular disease, with body mass index >18.5 kg/m2. Physical activity was categorized per American Heart Association guidelines as recommended, intermediate, or poor. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of physical activity and obesity with elevated hs-cTnT (≥14 ng/l). In prospective analyses, we quantified the association of elevated hs-cTnT with HF risk within cross-categories of baseline physical activity and obesity. RESULTS People with poor physical activity were more likely to have elevated hs-cTnT than those with recommended levels (odds ratio [OR]: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15 to 1.68). In cross-categories of physical activity and obesity, using the non-obese/recommended activity group as the reference, individuals with obesity and poor activity were most likely to have elevated hs-cTnT (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.91 to 3.19), whereas the obese/recommended activity group had a weaker association (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.21; p < 0.001 for interaction between physical activity and obesity). In prospective analyses, elevated hs-cTnT was strongly associated (p < 0.001) with incident HF in all obesity/physical activity cross-categories (p > 0.20 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity is inversely associated with chronic subclinical myocardial damage. Physical activity might lessen the association between obesity and subclinical myocardial damage, which could represent a mechanism by which physical activity reduces HF risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Florido
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lucia Kwak
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston, Texas; Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
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249
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Age-dependent development of left ventricular wall thickness in type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice is associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride serum levels. Heart Vessels 2017; 32:1025-1031. [PMID: 28393273 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-0978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of heart muscle that remains one of the leading causes of death in diabetic individuals. Shifts in substrate preference resulting in aberrant serum lipid content and enlarged left ventricular wall thickness are well-established characteristics associated with the development of DCM. As underlying mechanisms driving the onset of the DCM remain relatively unclear, this study sought to characterize age-dependent development of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness in diabetic (db/db) mice. Such data were compared with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride serum levels to assess whether any correlation exists between the parameters here investigated. For methods, db/db mice together with nondiabetic controls (n = six per group) were monitored from the age of 6-16 weeks. Mice were terminated each week to measure body weights, heart weights, liver weights, tibia length, and fasting plasma glucose levels. Heart tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to measure LV wall and interventricular septum thickness together with an assessment of myocardial remodeling. Serum was collected weekly and used to measure LDL and triglyceride levels. Results showed that db/db mice presented significantly increased body weights, liver/body weight, and fasting plasma glucose levels from the age of 6-16 weeks. They further displayed a marked enlargement of LV wall and interventricular septum thickness from the age of 11 weeks, while increased heart weight/tibia length was recorded only from week 16. From week 11, the LV wall and interventricular septum thickness results corresponded with cardiac remodeling and raised LDL and triglyceride serum levels. In summary, age-dependent development of LV wall thickness in db/db mice is partially associated with increased LDL and triglyceride levels, elucidating a potential pathophysiological mechanism.
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250
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Obokata M, Reddy YNV, Pislaru SV, Melenovsky V, Borlaug BA. Evidence Supporting the Existence of a Distinct Obese Phenotype of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circulation 2017; 136:6-19. [PMID: 28381470 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome. Phenotyping patients into pathophysiologically homogeneous groups may enable better targeting of treatment. Obesity is common in HFpEF and has many cardiovascular effects, suggesting that it may be a viable candidate for phenotyping. We compared cardiovascular structure, function, and reserve capacity in subjects with obese HFpEF, those with nonobese HFpEF, and control subjects. METHODS Subjects with obese HFpEF (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2; n=99), nonobese HFpEF (body mass index <30 kg/m2; n=96), and nonobese control subjects free of HF (n=71) underwent detailed clinical assessment, echocardiography, and invasive hemodynamic exercise testing. RESULTS Compared with both subjects with nonobese HFpEF and control subjects, subjects with obese HFpEF displayed increased plasma volume (3907 mL [3563-4333 mL] versus 2772 mL [2555-3133 mL], and 2680 mL [2380-3006 mL]; P<0.0001), more concentric left ventricular remodeling, greater right ventricular dilatation (base, 34±7 versus 31±6 and 30±6 mm, P=0.0005; length, 66±7 versus 61±7 and 61±7 mm, P<0.0001), more right ventricular dysfunction, increased epicardial fat thickness (10±2 versus 7±2 and 6±2 mm; P<0.0001), and greater total epicardial heart volume (945 mL [831-1105 mL] versus 797 mL [643-979 mL] and 632 mL [517-768 mL]; P<0.0001), despite lower N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was correlated with body mass and plasma volume in obese HFpEF (r=0.22 and 0.27, both P<0.05) but not in nonobese HFpEF (P≥0.3). The increase in heart volumes in obese HFpEF was associated with greater pericardial restraint and heightened ventricular interdependence, reflected by increased ratio of right- to left-sided heart filling pressures (0.64±0.17 versus 0.56±0.19 and 0.53±0.20; P=0.0004), higher pulmonary venous pressure relative to left ventricular transmural pressure, and greater left ventricular eccentricity index (1.10±0.19 versus 0.99±0.06 and 0.97±0.12; P<0.0001). Interdependence was enhanced as pulmonary artery pressure load increased (P for interaction <0.05). Compared with those with nonobese HFpEF and control subjects, obese patients with HFpEF displayed worse exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption, 7.7±2.3 versus 10.0±3.4 and12.9±4.0 mL/min·kg; P<0.0001), higher biventricular filling pressures with exercise, and depressed pulmonary artery vasodilator reserve. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-related HFpEF is a genuine form of cardiac failure and a clinically relevant phenotype that may require specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Obokata
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.O., Y.N.V.R., S.V.P., V.M., B.A.B.); and Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.)
| | - Yogesh N V Reddy
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.O., Y.N.V.R., S.V.P., V.M., B.A.B.); and Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.)
| | - Sorin V Pislaru
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.O., Y.N.V.R., S.V.P., V.M., B.A.B.); and Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.)
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.O., Y.N.V.R., S.V.P., V.M., B.A.B.); and Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.)
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- From Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.O., Y.N.V.R., S.V.P., V.M., B.A.B.); and Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine-IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic (V.M.).
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