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Caballero-García A, Noriega DC, Bello HJ, Roche E, Córdova-Martínez A. The Immunomodulatory Function of Vitamin D, with Particular Reference to SARS-CoV-2. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1321. [PMID: 34946266 PMCID: PMC8706376 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are the only way to reduce the morbidity associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The appearance of new mutations urges us to increase the effectiveness of vaccines as a complementary alternative. In this context, the use of adjuvant strategies has improved the effectiveness of different vaccines against virus infections such as dengue, influenza, and common cold. Recent reports on patients infected by COVID-19 reveal that low levels of circulating vitamin D correlate with a severe respiratory insufficiency. The immunomodulatory activity of this micronutrient attenuates the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and at the same time, increases antibody production. Therefore, the present review proposes the use of vitamin D as adjuvant micronutrient to increase the efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - David C. Noriega
- Spine Department, Valladolid University Hospital, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Hugo J. Bello
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry Industry and Agronomic Engineering and Bioenergy, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, Valladolid University, 42004 Soria, Spain
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202
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Zhang Q, Li S, Huang Q. Pratensein glycoside attenuates respiratory syncytial virus infection-induced oxidative and inflammatory injury via TGF-β signaling pathway. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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203
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Sanjeewa KKA, Herath KHINM, Yang HW, Choi CS, Jeon YJ. Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Fucoidans to Treat Inflammatory Diseases: A Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:678. [PMID: 34940677 PMCID: PMC8703547 DOI: 10.3390/md19120678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated heteropolysaccharides found in the cell walls of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) and in some marine invertebrates. Generally, fucoidans are composed of significant amounts of L-fucose and sulfate groups, and lesser amounts of arabinose, galactose, glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose. In recent years, fucoidans isolated from brown seaweeds have gained considerable attention owing to their promising bioactive properties such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Inflammation is a complex immune response that protects the organs from infection and tissue injury. While controlled inflammatory responses are beneficial to the host, leading to the removal of immunostimulants from the host tissues and restoration of structural and physiological functions in the host tissues, chronic inflammatory responses are often associated with the pathogenesis of tumor development, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the authors mainly discuss the studies since 2016 that have reported anti-inflammatory properties of fucoidans isolated from various brown seaweeds, and their potential as a novel functional material for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Pittpana, Homagoma 10200, Sri Lanka;
| | - Kalahe H. I. N. M. Herath
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila 60170, Sri Lanka;
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
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204
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de Azevedo Queiroz ÍO, Machado T, Alves CC, Brito VGB, de Vasconcelos BC, Gomes-Filho JE, Ervolino E, de Oliveira SHP, Duarte MAH. Biological and antimicrobial properties of the association Ambroxol and a water-soluble viscous liquid as a vehicle for a tricalcium silicate-based sealer. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:140. [PMID: 34817700 PMCID: PMC8613135 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and biological properties of Ambroxol associated with glycerin (GLI), propylene glycol (PG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a possible vehicle for an experimental tricalcium silicate sealer, with the intention of developing a new biomaterial. Mouse undifferentiated dental pulp cells (OD-21) were cultured, and the effects of different association on cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production were investigated. Antimicrobial adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to setting sealers at 2 h was evaluated. Polyethylene tubes containing experimental sealers and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissues of 12 male 3- to 4-months-old Wistar rats (250-280 g). After 7 and 30 days, the tubes were removed and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction and ANOVA followed by Tukey test was used for parametric data and Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn for nonparametric (p < 0.05). Cell proliferation was dose-dependent, since all association were cytotoxic at higher concentrations; however, Ambroxol-PEG showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than other association (p < 0.05). In addition, irrespective of the association, no cytokine production was observed in vitro. Ambroxol-GLI reduced bacterial viability, whereas Ambroxol-PEG increased (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed no significant difference in the inflammatory response (p > 0.05) and mineralization ability in all association. Additionally, IL-1β and TNF-α were upregulated on Ambroxol-PEG in relation to Control at 07 days (p < 0.05). Ambroxol-GLI was the best vehicle for experimental tricalcium silicate sealer, as it promoted an increase in antimicrobial activity without altering the inflammatory response or mineralization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Índia Olinta de Azevedo Queiroz
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 9-75, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Machado
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, 1193, Brazil
| | - Camila Carneiro Alves
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, Brazil
| | - Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, Brazil
| | - Bruno Carvalho de Vasconcelos
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Sobral, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Coronel Estanislau Frota, Sobral, CE, 563, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira
- Department of Basic Science, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru School of Dentistry, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 9-75, Brazil
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Lee SM, Kim HK, Lee HB, Kwon OD, Lee EB, Bok JD, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio, lipid mediator profile, proinflammatory cytokines and stress indices in laying hens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Dae Kwon
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Duck Bok
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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206
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Anti-inflammatory activities of the mixture of strawberry and rice powder as materials of fermented rice cake on RAW264.7 macrophage cells and mouse models. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1409-1416. [PMID: 34790424 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice cake is a traditional food in Korea, and is made by rice alone, or with other grain powder. To improve the health benefits of fermented rice cake, the rice powder was supplemented with strawberry powder. Anti-inflammatory activities of the mixture of strawberry and rice powder were evaluated. Treatment with the mixture significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO). The mixture of strawberry and rice powder in the ratio 10: 90 effectively and dose-dependently reduced the immune-associated genes iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α. Furthermore, carrageenan-injected mice were used to study the anti-inflammatory effect of the mixture. Pre-oral administration of the mixture of strawberry and rice powder at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW significantly reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan. These results suggest that for fermented rice cake production and processing, the strawberry and rice powder mixture may be a potential source of anti-inflammatory activity.
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207
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Deng L, Song C, Niu Y, Li Q, Wang M, Wu YF, Ye XS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of bergenin derivatives as new immunosuppressants. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1968-1976. [PMID: 34825192 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bergenin, which is isolated from Bergenia species, exhibits various pharmacological properties. In the search for new types of immunosuppressants, a series of bergenin derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their immunosuppressive effects were evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The experimental data demonstrated that compounds 7 and 13 showed the strongest inhibition effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation (IC50 = 3.52 and 5.39 μM, respectively). Further studies revealed that the inhibitory effect may come from the suppression of both IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines. Alkylated derivatives of bergenin with n-hexyl and n-heptyl on the two phenolic hydroxyl groups showed better inhibitory activities. The hydrophobicity of bergenin derivatives, the configuration of the 4-OH in bergenin, and the ability to form hydrogen bonds of the substituents on the C-4 position are important to the immunosuppressive activity. This work proved that the modifications of bergenin may represent a new route to the discovery of a new class of immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chengcheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China .,Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Youhong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yan-Fen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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208
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Yamaguchi M, Koizumi T, Sugano M. Impact of short-term storage of plasma samples on quantitation of ultra-low levels of interleukin-6. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211056846. [PMID: 34772314 PMCID: PMC8593303 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211056846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To quantitate plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in healthy individuals and to clarify how these levels are affected by blood sample handling procedures during short-term storage. Methods Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-treated plasma samples were simultaneously collected from 14 healthy individuals and stored on ice prior to analysis of the IL-6 levels. White blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells, and platelets were counted immediately after blood collection. IL-6 levels were analyzed every 30 minutes using a commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results Correlation coefficients between plasma IL-6 levels and WBC counts ranged between 0.605 and 0.554, higher than those for other cell types. The lowest IL-6 value in healthy individuals was estimated at 0.04 pg/mL and the mean values remained under 2 pg/mL over time. Conclusion Analysis of IL-6 levels in EDTA-treated plasma samples centrifuged within 1 hour and stored on ice can be performed within 90 minutes of short-term storage if the analytical method has a sensitivity in the range of 10 fg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science & Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Robotics, Shinshu University, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Koizumi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Sugano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 118108Shinshu University Hospital, Shinshu University Hospital, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Yuceli S, Suleyman B, Yazici GN, Mammadov R, Cankaya M, Kunak CS, Bulut S, Suleyman H, Altuner D. Effect of Taxifolin on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Injury of Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:3087-3092. [PMID: 34772492 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow to tissues is decreased or entirely stopped for various reasons. The reperfusion process exacerbates damage caused by ischemia in the organs and tissues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly responsible for ischemia-reperfusion (IR) damage. ROS increase results in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative stress. In the literature, taxifolin reportedly suppresses ROS production. This study aimed to determine the effect of taxifolin, which is a flavonoid, on IR injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. METHODS This study divided 30 albino Wistar rats into 3 groups: IR without medication (IR) group, taxifolin applied IR (TAX+IR) group, and only dissection made to the sciatic nerve sham group (SHAM). Sciatic nerve injury was induced by applying 2 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion to the abdominal aorta and iliolumbar arteries. Biochemical and histopathologic investigations then were performed on sciatic nerve tissues. Malondialdehyde, total glutathione, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase were analyzed as oxidative stress markers, and tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels were evaluated as inflammatory stress markers in biochemical tests. RESULTS The IR group has statistically significantly high oxidant and cytokine levels and low antioxidant levels compared with the TAX+IR group. Taxifolin treatment was also shown to cause significant histopathologic improvement. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that taxifolin may be effective in preventing IR injury of the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Yuceli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neon Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Gulce Naz Yazici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Murat Cankaya
- Department of Biology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University School of Art and Science, Erzincan, Turkey
| | | | - Seval Bulut
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Durdu Altuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
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210
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Amevor FK, Cui Z, Ning Z, Du X, Jin N, Shu G, Deng X, Zhu Q, Tian Y, Li D, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao X. Synergistic effects of quercetin and vitamin E on egg production, egg quality, and immunity in aging breeder hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101481. [PMID: 34717121 PMCID: PMC8564671 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laying hens experience a rapid decline in egg production, egg quality, and immunity, usually at the end of the peak laying period. Quercetin, a known flavonoid, exerts biological activities, including phytoestrogenic, immunity, antibiotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Vitamin E also shows egg production and immunoregulatory potential in animals. This study evaluated the capacity of dietary quercetin, vitamin E, and the combination of both, to promote egg production and egg quality, and to improve the immunity of aging breeder hens. We also elucidated how quercetin and vitamin E combination could synergistically affect egg production, egg quality, and immunity in aging breeder hens. A total of 400 Tianfu broiler breeders at the age of 52 wk were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 4 replicates, 100 hens per treatment and 25 hens per replicate. They were fed diets containing quercetin at 0.4 g/kg, Vitamin E (200 mg/kg), quercetin and vitamin E (0.4 g/kg and 200 mg/kg), and a basal diet (control) for a period 10 wk. Daily feed intake and egg production rate were recorded, and weekly records were recorded on egg quality tests. At the end of the 10-wk experimental period, blood samples and immune organ (spleen) were collected from 2 birds per replicate, totaling 32 birds. Feed intake, immune organ index, serum cytokines, and immunoglobulins were evaluated, and the mRNA expression of genes related to immunity was determined from the spleen tissue. Generally, the results showed that separately or as a combination, supplemental quercetin and vitamin E significantly improved performance and egg quality (P < 0.05), and significantly increased serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) concentrations, as well as promoted immune organ development and index, and promoted the expression of splenic immune-related genes (IL-2 and INF-γ) (P < 0.05), compared with the control. It was confirmed in this study that the combination of quercetin and vitamin E exert synergistic effects on egg production, egg quality, and immune function in aging hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zifan Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaxia Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ningning Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xun Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Arndt S, Unger P, Bosserhoff AK, Berneburg M, Karrer S. The Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Localized Scleroderma In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111545. [PMID: 34829774 PMCID: PMC8615017 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has shown promising results in the treatment of various skin diseases. The therapeutic effect of CAP on localized scleroderma (LS), however, has not yet been evaluated. We investigated the effects of CAP on LS by comparing human normal fibroblasts (hNF), human TGF-β-activated fibroblasts (hAF), and human localized scleroderma-derived fibroblasts (hLSF) after direct CAP treatment, co-cultured with plasma-treated human epidermal keratinocytes (hEK) and with an experimental murine model of scleroderma. In hAF and hLSF, 2 min CAP treatment with the MicroPlaSterβ® plasma torch did not affect pro-fibrotic gene expression of alpha smooth muscle actin, fibroblast activating protein, and collagen type I, however, it promoted re-expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1. Functionally, CAP treatment reduced cell migration and stress fiber formation in hAF and hLSF. The relevance of CAP treatment was confirmed in an in vivo model of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis. In this model, CAP-treated mice showed significantly reduced dermal thickness and collagen deposition as well as a decrease in both alpha smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and CD68-positive macrophages in the affected skin in comparison to untreated fibrotic tissue. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence for the successful use of CAP for treating LS and may be the basis for clinical trials including patients with LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Arndt
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.U.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-9650
| | - Petra Unger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.U.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.U.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sigrid Karrer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (P.U.); (M.B.); (S.K.)
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R Chavan V, Ahir S, Kerkar S, Ansari Z, Samant-Mavani P, Nanavati R, Mehta P, Mania-Pramanik J. Th1 cytokine gene polymorphism and the corresponding plasma cytokine levels: A comparative study in HIV-1 positive and exposed uninfected infants. J Med Virol 2021; 94:625-633. [PMID: 34698402 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory (Th1) cytokines namely interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are vital in the clearance of HIV infection. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the polymorphisms of Th1 cytokine genes and their corresponding plasma cytokine levels in HIV-1 positive and exposed uninfected (EU) infants born to HIV-1 positive mothers. CD4 count, viral load of HIV-1 positive mothers was done using commercially available reagents. Cytokine genotyping analysis and levels were done in 20 HIV-1 positive and 54 EU infants. The polymorphisms of Th1 cytokines were done using the PCR-SSP method. Plasma cytokine levels were estimated using Bio-Plex-Pro cytokine assay (BIO-RAD; USA). Results revealed treatment status of the mothers and viral load were the two confounding factors having a significant effect on HIV status of the infant. TNF-α GG genotype is significantly higher in EU infants as compared with HIV-1 positive infants. GG genotype was associated with high TNF- α levels in HIV-1 positive infants but the difference was not statistically significant. HIV-1 positive infants with -IFN-γ (+874) TT genotype was significantly associated with high IFN-γ levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the role of Th1 cytokine gene polymorphisms and their corresponding plasma cytokine levels in HIV-1 positive and EU infants from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay R Chavan
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati Ahir
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Kerkar
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zakia Ansari
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padmaja Samant-Mavani
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seth G.S. Medical College & K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchi Nanavati
- Departments of Obstetrics and Neonatology, Seth G.S. Medical College & K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti Mehta
- Departments of Obstetrics and Microbiology, Seth G.S. Medical College & K.E.M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayanti Mania-Pramanik
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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213
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Calystegia soldanella Extract Exerts Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects via the Regulation of the NF-κB/Nrf-2 Pathways in Mouse Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101639. [PMID: 34679773 PMCID: PMC8533082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are widely used to treat various inflammatory diseases, owing to their ability to suppress reactive oxygen species production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Herein, we investigated phenolic compounds from Calystegia soldanella using UPLC Q-TOF MS/MS and their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities were analyzed. The C. soldanella ethyl acetate fraction (CsEF) had the strongest antioxidative activity, given its high polyphenol compound content. It also exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages. CsEF activated the nuclear transcription factor Nrf-2, thereby upregulating antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1 and NQO-1 and inhibiting NF-κB expression, which in turn, suppressed the expression of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines, ultimately exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Further, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the polyphenol compound contents in CsEF. The quercetin glycosides isoquercitrin and quercitrin were the primary flavonoid compounds, while the caffeic acid derivatives, chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid, were the primary phenolic acids. Thus, C. soldanella, which had only a limited use thus far as a medicinal plant, may serve as a natural medicinal resource for treating inflammatory diseases.
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214
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Takuathung MN, Potikanond S, Sookkhee S, Mungkornasawakul P, Jearanaikulvanich T, Chinda K, Wikan N, Nimlamool W. Anti-psoriatic and anti-inflammatory effects of Kaempferia parviflora in keratinocytes and macrophage cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112229. [PMID: 34649355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferia parviflora (KP) has been used as folk medicine for curing various conditions, including anti-inflammatory diseases. However, anti-psoriatic effects in an aspect of suppression of NF-κB activation have not been explored. Therefore, our current study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammation of KP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells and anti-psoriatic effects of KP in cytokine-induced human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. We discovered that KP extract significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammation at both gene expression and protein production. Specifically, dramatic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) was explored by using Griess method. Consistently, data from RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blot analysis confirmed that crucial inflammatory and psoriatic markers including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 were significantly decreased by the action of KP. These events were associated with the results from immunofluorescence study and western blot analysis where the activation of NF-κB upon LPS stimulation was clearly inhibited by KP through its ability to suppress IκB-α degradation resulting in inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Furthermore, KP extract significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 in a dose-dependent manner, along with inhibition of ERK1/2 activation in both TNF-α- and EGF-induced HaCaT cells. Interestingly, HaCaT cells exposed to 15 μg/mL of KP also exhibited significant decrease of cell migration and proliferation. Our results revealed that KP extract has a potential to be developed as a promising agent for treating inflammation and psoriasis, in part through targeting the proliferation and the NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriwoot Sookkhee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pitchaya Mungkornasawakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Kittinan Chinda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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215
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Zhou JM, Qiu K, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Wu SG. Effect of dietary serine supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum indices, and ileal mucosal immunity in laying hens fed a low crude protein diet. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101465. [PMID: 34634711 PMCID: PMC8517201 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary Ser on performance, egg quality, serum indices, and ileal mucosal immunity in laying hens fed low crude protein (LCP), essential amino acids (EAA) balanced diets. A total of 480 Hy-Line Brown layers at 24 wk of age were randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments with 8 replicates of 12 birds each. Treatments included a control diet (16.49% CP), and 4 LCP, EAA balanced diets (14.05% CP) supplemented with 0, 0.114%, 0.306%, 0.498% L-Ser, respectively. Dietary Ser supplementation linearly increased hen-day egg production (HDEP; P < 0.05) and decreased feed-to-egg ratio (P < 0.05) among LCP groups from wk 6 to 10, and the optimal HDEP of layers occurred at Ser level of 0.498%. At the end of wk 10, birds in the control had higher albumen height and thick white proportion than those fed the LCP diet without Ser addition (P < 0.05), and presented a lower yolk color score than all LCP groups (P < 0.05). Among LCP groups, serum total protein and globulin contents were significantly increased by dietary Ser addition at the levels of 0.306% and 0.498% (P < 0.05), and had a linear response to the supplemental Ser levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary 0.498% Ser supplementation significantly increased serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M contents (P < 0.05) and up-regulated the expression of mucin 2, secretory immunoglobulin A, and relevant glycosyltransferases of O-glycosylation in ileal mucosa (P < 0.05). The increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-1β induced by LCP diets (P < 0.05) was reversed following 0.498% Ser addition (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary CP reduction by 2.44% could maintain the productive performance of layers when it was fortified with certain EAA, though poor albumen quality, and ileal inflammation were occurred. The addition of Ser to LCP diets improved performance probably through enhancing humoral and ileal mucosal immunity and attenuating the ileal inflammation of layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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216
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Xiong W, Sun KY, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhou YH, Zou X. Metformin alleviates inflammation through suppressing FASN-dependent palmitoylation of Akt. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:934. [PMID: 34642298 PMCID: PMC8511025 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, traditionally regarded as a hypoglycemic drug, has been studied in other various fields including inflammation. The specific mechanism of metformin’s effect on immune cells remains unclear. Herein, it is verified that LPS-induced macrophages are characterized by enhanced endogenous fatty acid synthesis and the inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) downregulates proinflammatory responses. We further show that metformin could suppress such elevation of FASN as well as proinflammatory activation in macrophages. In vivo, metformin treatment ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis through impairing proinflammatory activation of colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs). The reduction of FASN by metformin hinders Akt palmitoylation, which further disturbs Akt membrane attachment and its phosphorylation. Metformin-mediated suppression of FASN/Akt pathway and its downstream MAPK signaling contributes to its anti-inflammatory role in macrophages. From the perspective of immunometabolism, our work points towards metformin utilization as an effective and potential intervention against macrophages-involved inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kuo-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
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217
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Refsnes M, Skuland T, Øvrevik J, Låg M. Role of scavenger receptors in silica nanoparticle-induced cytokine responses in bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 353:100-106. [PMID: 34653535 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in nanoparticle (NP) research is to elucidate how NPs activate initial targets in cells, leading to cytotoxicity and inflammation. We have previously shown that silica (Si)NPs induce pro-inflammatory responses in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) via mechanisms involving transforming growth factor (TGF)-α release, and activation of MAP-kinase p38 and JNK besides NF-κB (p65). In the present study, the roles of scavenger receptors (SRs) in SiNP-induced cytokine responses in BEAS-2B cells were examined by siRNA silencing. Cells exposed to Si10 and Si50 (nominal sizes 10 and 50 nm) showed marked interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL8, IL-1α, IL-1β responses. Transient knockdown of SR-B1, LOX-1 and CXCL16 reduced the Si10- and Si50-induced cytokine responses, to a different magnitude dependent on the particle size, SR and cytokine. Si10-induced TGF-α responses were also markedly reduced by knockdown of SR-B1 and CXCL16. Furthermore, the role of SR-B1 in Si10-induced phosphorylations of p65 and MAP-kinases p38 and JNK were examined, and no significant reductions were observed upon knockdown of SR-B1. In conclusion, LOX-1 and CXCL16 and especially SR-B1 seem to have important roles in mediating cytokine responses and TGF-α release due to SiNP exposure in BEAS-2B cells, without a down-stream role of MAP-kinase and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne Refsnes
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Section of Air Quality and Noise, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
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218
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Mugwanya M, Dawood MAO, Kimera F, Sewilam H. Updating the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for Tilapia Aquaculture as Leading Candidates for Food Sustainability: a Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:130-157. [PMID: 34601712 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia production has significantly increased over the past few years due to the adoption of semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture technologies. However, these farming systems have subjected the fish to stressful conditions that suppress their immunity, hence exposing them to various pathogens. The application of antibiotics and therapeutics to enhance disease resistance, survival, and growth performance in aquaculture has been recently banned due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose a serious threat to the environment and consumers of aquatic organisms. Hence, the need for an alternative approach based on sustainable farming practices is warranted. Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic use in tilapia production is considered a viable, safe, and environmentally friendly alternative that enhances growth performance, feed utilization, immunity, disease resistance, and fish survival against pathogens and environmental stress. Their inclusion in fish diets and or rearing water improves the general wellbeing of fish. Hence, this review aims at presenting research findings from the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and their effect on survival, growth, growth performance, gut morphology, microbial abundance, enzyme production, immunity, and disease resistance in tilapia aquaculture, while highlighting several hematological, blood biochemical parameters, and omics techniques that have been used to assess fish health. Furthermore, gaps in existing knowledge are addressed and future research studies have been recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muziri Mugwanya
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Fahad Kimera
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Department of Engineering Hydrology, the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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219
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Meredith LR, Burnette EM, Grodin EN, Irwin MR, Ray LA. Immune treatments for alcohol use disorder: A translational framework. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:349-364. [PMID: 34343618 PMCID: PMC9044974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the immune system is essential for survival, an excessive or prolonged inflammatory response, such as that resulting from sustained heavy alcohol use, can damage the host and contribute to psychiatric disorders. A growing body of literature indicates that the immune system plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). As such, there is enthusiasm for treatments that can restore healthy levels of inflammation as a mechanism to reduce drinking and promote recovery. In this qualitative literature review, we provide a conceptual rationale for immune therapies and discuss progress in medications development for AUD focused on the immune system as a treatment target. This review is organized into sections based on primary signaling pathways targeted by the candidate therapies, namely: (a) toll-like receptors, (b) phosphodiesterase inhibitors, (c) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, (d) microglia and astrocytes, (e) other immune pharmacotherapies, and (f) behavioral therapies. As relevant within each section, we examine the basic biological mechanisms of each class of therapy and evaluate preclinical research testing the role of the therapy on mitigating alcohol-related behaviors in animal models. To the extent available, translational findings are reviewed with discussion of completed and ongoing randomized clinical trials and their findings to date. An applied and clinically focused approach is taken to identify the potential clinical applications of the various treatments reviewed. We conclude by delineating the most promising candidate treatments and discussing future directions by considering opportunities for immune treatment development and personalized medicine for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Burnette
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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220
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Reis ICD, Fierro-Castro C, Gonçalves GS, Moromizato BS, Tort L, Biller JD. β-glucan mimics tissue damage signaling and generates a trade-off between head kidney and spleen to activate acquired immunity in vaccinated tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:179-187. [PMID: 34391940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The association of vaccines with immunostimulants such as β-glucan, promote the production of cytokines, competent immune cells and antibodies. However, differences between β-glucan types and trials make it difficult to understand β-glucan's mechanism of action. In this study, three trials were carried out with control and fish fed β-glucan, the first trial occurred at 15 days; the second trial occurred at 30 days when we associated β-glucan and vaccine; and the third trial occurred at 15 days post-challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia (O. niloticus) in order to investigate immune-related gene expression in the head kidney and spleen using real-time qPCR. We found increases in HSP70, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, Lys and C3 predominantly in the head kidney, except for IgM expression, which prevailed in the spleen, under vaccinated + β-glucan action. This demonstrates the trade-off presented by the head kidney and spleen after immunostimulation in order to produce acquired immunity, as well as an increase in HSP70 expression in vaccinated + β-glucan fish. The results suggest that β-glucan stimulates the immune response through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognition. Therefore, these dynamics of the immune response promote a more robust defense against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Camargo Dos Reis
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Camino Fierro-Castro
- Universitat of León. Facultad de C.C. Biológicas y Ambientales. Departamento de Molecular Biologia y Genetica. Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Giovanni Sampaio Gonçalves
- SAA/APTA/Instituto de Pesca - Centro Avançado de Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio do Pescado Continental, São José do Rio Preto /SP, 15025-970, Brazil
| | - Basia Schlichting Moromizato
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Lluis Tort
- Departamento de Biología celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Fac. Biociences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaqueline Dalbello Biller
- Departamento de Produção Animal. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena, Rod Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651- Dracena/SP, 17900-000, Brazil.
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221
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Megha KB, Joseph X, Akhil V, Mohanan PV. Cascade of immune mechanism and consequences of inflammatory disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153712. [PMID: 34511264 PMCID: PMC8373857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses arise as an outcome of tissues or organs exposure towards harmful stimuli like injury, toxic chemicals or pathogenic microorganism. It is a complex cascade of immune mechanism to overcome from tissue injury and to initiate the healing process by recruiting various immune cells, chemical mediators such as the vasoactive peptides and amines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids and acute-phase proteins to prevent tissue damage and ultimately complete restoration of the tissue function. The cytokines exhibits a central function in communication between the cells, inflammatory response initiation, amplification and their regulation. This review covers the importance of inflammatory responses; the significance of cytokines in inflammation and numerous inflammatory disorders/ailments due to the abrupt expression of cytokines and the hyper-inflammatory response or cytokine storm associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 pandemic. Also highlighting the importance of naturally derived anti-inflammatory metabolites to overcome the side-effects of currently prevailing anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - X Joseph
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - V Akhil
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India.
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Kupczyk D, Bilski R, Przewięźlikowski A, Studziñska R, Woźniak A. Concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with ulcers as a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:767-772. [PMID: 34849122 PMCID: PMC8610058 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.96702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Difficult healing of chronic wounds is a serious problem for modern medicine. It leads to ulceration, especially in conditions such as diabetic foot syndrome or chronic venous insufficiency. This may be a result of chemical, physical, thermal or biological factors, among others. Analysis of mediators and molecular factors released by the abovementioned structure helps to better understand the mechanism of healing of chronic wounds and the formation of ulcers. AIM To assess excretion of selected cytokines in patients with ulcerations as a complication of diabetes mellitus type 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventeen patients aged 68-87 took part in the assessment of wound healing in patients with ulceration in the course of diabetes mellitus type 2. The control group consisted of 21 healthy patients aged 32-62. In the blood serum bFGF, TNF-α, IL-4, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 were determined. RESULTS A significant difference was found in bFGF, IL-4, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 levels. Concentration of bFGF was 12% lower in patients with ulcers than in the non-ulcerated control group (p = 0.013). IL-4 concentration was 46% lower in patients with ulcers than in the non-ulcerated control group (p = 0.002). TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 concentrations were also lower in the group of patients with ulcers compared to those in the non-ulcerated control group. CONCLUSIONS Reduced concentrations of selected cytokines and growth factors may indicate abnormal activity of the cells that secrete them and affect the healing process of chronic wounds, hindering and delaying the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kupczyk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Rafał Bilski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | | | - Renata Studziñska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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Colombino E, Biasato I, Ferrocino I, Bellezza Oddon S, Caimi C, Gariglio M, Dabbou S, Caramori M, Battisti E, Zanet S, Ferroglio E, Cocolin L, Gasco L, Schiavone A, Capucchio MT. Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2819. [PMID: 34679839 PMCID: PMC8532707 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae as environmental enrichment on the mucin composition, local immune response and microbiota of broilers. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (six replicates/treatment; ten animals/replicate): (i) control (C); (ii) C+HI; (iii) C+TM. Live larvae were distributed based on 5% of the expected daily feed intake. At slaughter (39 days of age), samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (twelve animals/diet) were submitted to mucin histochemical evaluation. Expression of MUC-2 and cytokines was evaluated by rt-qPCR in jejunum. Mucin staining intensity was not influenced by diet (p > 0.05); however, this varied depending on the intestinal segment (p < 0.001). No significant differences were recorded for IL-4, IL-6 TNF-α, MUC-2 and INF-γ gene expression in jejunum, while IL-2 was lower in the TM group compared to HI and C (p = 0.044). Caecal microbiota showed higher abundance of Clostridium, Saccharibacteria and Victivallaceae in the HI group, while Collinsella was higher in the TM group. The results suggested that live insect larvae did not impair mucin composition or local immune response, and can slightly improve caecal microbiota by enhancing a minor fraction of short chain fatty acid-producing taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Christian Caimi
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;
| | - Marta Caramori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Elena Battisti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Stefania Zanet
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Ezio Ferroglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (I.B.); (I.F.); (S.B.O.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (E.B.); (S.Z.); (E.F.); (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Milinkovic I, Djinic Krasavcevic A, Nikolic N, Aleksic Z, Carkic J, Jezdic M, Jankovic S, Milasin J. Notch down-regulation and inflammatory cytokines and RANKL overexpression involvement in peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: A cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2021; 32:1496-1505. [PMID: 34546593 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Notch signaling pathway, known to influence bone resorption in several oral diseases, has not been analyzed in peri-implantitis yet. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to determine the levels of Notch cascade, bone remodeling mediators, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, in conjunction with clinical parameters, in subjects with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical parameters: peri-implant probing depth, bleeding on probing, suppuration on probing, and plaque index (PI) were recorded. Samples were collected from 130 participants, divided into peri-implantitis (PI), peri-implant mucositis (PM), and healthy implants (HI) group. Relative expression levels (REL) of Notch 1, Notch 2, Jagged 1, Hes 1, Hey 1, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, RANKL, and OPG mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-real-time polymerase chain reaction. Quantitation of Notch 1, Il-17, and IL-6 proteins was performed using ELISA assays. RESULTS All clinical parameters were significantly higher in PI compared to HI. Significant decrease of Notch 1, and higher REL of Hey 1, IL-1β, IL-6, and RANKL were found in PI compared to HI. PM showed significant increase of IL-1β REL in comparison with HI. In PI versus PM, significantly higher REL was found for Hey 1, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and RANKL. Additionally, higher protein concentrations of IL-6 and IL-17 were detected in PI versus PM and versus HI group. CONCLUSION The combined effect of Notch 1 down-regulation and elevated expression of some key inflammation modulators might result in osteoclast activity increase and subsequent osteolysis in peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Milinkovic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djinic Krasavcevic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Aleksic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Carkic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Jezdic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasha Jankovic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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225
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Lee HS, Kim YS, Lee KS, Seo HS, Lee CY, Kim KK. Detoxification of Bee Venom Increases Its Anti-inflammatory Activity and Decreases Its Cytotoxicity and Allergenic Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:4068-4082. [PMID: 34542820 PMCID: PMC8450311 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bee venom is a medicinal product that is widely used in traditional therapies owing to its excellent anti-inflammatory activity. However, the use of bee venom has shown adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need for research that can remove the cytotoxicity of bee venom and enhance its efficacy. In this study, we hydrolyzed melittin, the main component of bee venom, and removed the other components to eliminate the toxicity of bee venom. To compare the efficacy of bee venom and detoxified bee venom, we examined their antioxidant effects using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. In addition, cytotoxicity was confirmed in MCF 10A and RAW 264.7 cells, using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay. Detoxified bee venom showed a strong antioxidant activity and decreased a cytotoxicity in MCF 10A and RAW 264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of detoxified bee venom and bee venom were assessed by comparison of the expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA and phosphorylation of IκBα in RAW 264.7 cells. Degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells was analyzed through β-hexosaminidase release assay to confirm the allergenic activity of bee venom and detoxified bee venom. Treatment of the detoxified bee venom inhibited inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, IκBα phosphorylation, and β-hexosaminidase release. Taken together, the results indicated that compared to bee venom, detoxified bee venom exhibited decreased cytotoxicity and allergenicity and increased anti-inflammatory activity. In conclusion, detoxification of bee venom efficiently decreases the adverse effects, making it suitable for medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kim
- Dong Seo Medical Research Institute, 12048, 15, Yangji-ro, Onam-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seob Lee
- Dong Seo Medical Research Institute, 12048, 15, Yangji-ro, Onam-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Suk Seo
- Dong Seo Medical Research Institute, 12048, 15, Yangji-ro, Onam-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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226
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Wang B, Luo H. Effects of mulberry leaf silage on antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity and rumen bacterial community of lambs. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:250. [PMID: 34544373 PMCID: PMC8454139 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rumen is a natural fermentation system and the microorganisms inside can effectively utilize plant bioresource and interact with host metabolism. Here, analysis of rumen microbiome, together with animal performance and serum metabolism in a lamb model were performed to identify the potential use of mulberry leaf silage (MS) to replace alfalfa silage (AS) as a new functional feed resource and to mining the novel specific mulberry leaf associated rumen bacteria interact with host metabolism. Results The lambs fed with MS diet showed improved antioxidant capacity and immune function compared to those fed AS diet. The MS diet significantly altered rumen microbiota α- and β-diversity and taxonomic composition. Microbial analysis revealed that Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Schwartzia were enhanced, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group were down-regulated in the rumen of MS group. A strong association was also found between these rumen microbial taxa and host antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacity. Conclusion These findings indicated that mulberry leaf silage can be a high-quality feed source or bioactive pharmaceutical that is responsible for ruminant’s health benefits. The modified rumen microbial community by mulberry leaf silage were associated with the enhanced antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory of lambs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02311-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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227
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Abdelhafiz AS, Fouad MA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Kamel MM, Ali A, Fouda M, Khalil MA, Abdel-Moneim AS, Kamal LM. Upregulation of FOXP3 is associated with severity of hypoxia and poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Virology 2021; 563:74-81. [PMID: 34478955 PMCID: PMC8397927 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription of FOXP3, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6 and COX-2 from both COVID-19 infected and control subjects were evaluated using SYBRTM green real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Severe/critical cases showed significantly lower lymphocyte counts and higher neutrophil counts than the mild or moderate cases. There were significantly lower levels of mRNA expressions of IFN-γ, TNFα and FOXP3 in COVID-19 patients than in the control group. On the other hand, IL-6 and COX-2 expressions were significantly higher in patients suffering from severe disease. FOXP3 expressions were correlated with the severities of hypoxia and were excellent in predicting the disease severity. This was followed by the IL-6, COX-2 and TNFα expressions. FOXP3 expression was the only biomarker to show a significant correlation with patient mortality. It was concluded that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the downregulation of FOXP3 and upregulations of IL-6 and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdelhafiz
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ali
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Abbassia Chest Hospital, MOH, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Merhan Fouda
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Khalil
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Imbaba Fever Hospital, MOH, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 1109, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lamyaa M Kamal
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Elsahel Teaching Hospital, MOH, Cairo, Egypt
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Kihara T, Toriuchi K, Aoki H, Kakita H, Yamada Y, Aoyama M. Interleukin-1β enhances cell adhesion in human endothelial cells via microRNA-1914-5p suppression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101046. [PMID: 34179516 PMCID: PMC8214032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases. Interleukin (IL)-1β facilitates early atherogenic lesion formation by increasing monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via upregulation of adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be associated with inflammatory conditions in the vascular system. The expression of circulating miR-1914-5p is reportedly downregulated in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of miR-1914-5p downregulation in IL-1β-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and the effect of miR-1914-5p on lesion formation remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether miR-1914-5p is associated with monocyte adhesion in human endothelial cells. IL-1β decreased miR-1914-5p expression in EA.hy926 cells. In addition, miR-1914-5p depletion enhanced ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion in EA.hy926 cells. Moreover, miR-1914-5p mimic suppressed monocyte adhesion and ICAM-1 expression induced by IL-1β in endothelial cells. These results suggest that suppression of miR-1914-5p expression by IL-1β may be an important regulator in mediating monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells. Further investigation of miR-1914-5p may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Kihara
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizoho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kohki Toriuchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizoho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizoho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakita
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizoho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Yamada
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizoho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
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Razeghian E, Margiana R, Chupradit S, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Marofi F, Shariatzadeh S, Tosan F, Jarahian M. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells as a Vehicle for Cytokine Delivery: An Emerging Approach for Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:721174. [PMID: 34513882 PMCID: PMC8430327 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.721174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines can effectively be used for tumor immunotherapy, affecting every step of the tumor immunity cycle. Thereby, they can restore antigen priming, improve the effector immune cell frequencies in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and eventually strengthen their cytolytic function. A renewed interest in the anticancer competencies of cytokines has resulted in a substantial promotion in the number of trials to address the safety and efficacy of cytokine-based therapeutic options. However, low response rate along with the high toxicity associated with high-dose cytokine for reaching desired therapeutic outcomes negatively affect their clinical utility. Recently, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) due to their pronounced tropism to tumors and also lower immunogenicity have become a promising vehicle for cytokine delivery for human malignancies. MSC-based delivery of the cytokine can lead to the more effective immune cell-induced antitumor response and provide sustained release of target cytokines, as widely evidenced in a myriad of xenograft models. In the current review, we offer a summary of the novel trends in cytokine immunotherapy using MSCs as a potent and encouraging carrier for antitumor cytokines, focusing on the last two decades' animal reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razeghian
- Human Genetics Division, Medical Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, The National Referral Hospital, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dmitry O. Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foad Tosan
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yeung CY, Chiang Chiau JS, Cheng ML, Chan WT, Jiang CB, Chang SW, Liu CY, Chang CW, Lee HC. Effects of Vitamin D-Deficient Diet on Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Zonulin Expression in a C57BL/6 Mouse Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649818. [PMID: 34414198 PMCID: PMC8369235 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Vitamin D (VD) plays an important role not only in mineral balance and skeletal maintenance but also in immune modulation. VD status was found correlated with the pathophysiology and severity of inflammatory bowel diseases and other autoimmune disorders. Epithelial barrier function is primarily regulated by the tight-junction (TJ) proteins. In this study, we try to establish an animal model by raising mice fed VD-deficient diet and to investigate the effects of VD-deficient diet on gut integrity and zonulin expression. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were administered either VD-deficient [VDD group, 25(OH)2D3 0 IU/per mouse] or VD-sufficient [VDS group, 25(OH)2D3 37.8 IU/per mouse] special diets for 7 weeks. Body weight and diet intake were recorded weekly. Serum VD levels were detected. After sacrifice, jejunum and colon specimens were collected. The villus length and crypt depth of the jejunum as well as mucosa thickness of the colon were measured. Various serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and intestinal TJ proteins were assessed. The serum level of zonulin and the mRNA expression of jejunum zonulin were also investigated. Results: We found that mice fed a VDD diet had a lower serum level of VD after 7 weeks (p < 0.001). VDD mice gained significant less weight (p = 0.022) and took a similar amount of diet (p = 0.398) when compared to mice raised on a VDS diet. Significantly decreased colon mucosa thickness was found in VDD mice compared with the VDS group (p = 0.022). A marked increase in serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels was demonstrated in VDD mice. All relative levels of claudin (CLD)-1 (p = 0.007), CLD-3 (p < 0.001), CLD-7 (p < 0.001), and zonulin-1 (ZO-1, p = 0.038) protein expressions were significantly decreased in the VDD group when compared to the VDS group. A significant upregulation of mRNA expression of jejunum zonulin (p = 0.043) and elevated serum zonulin (p = 0.001) were found in the VDD group. Conclusions: We successfully demonstrated that VDD could lead to impaired barrier properties. We assume that sufficient VD could maintain intestinal epithelial integrity and prevent mucosal barrier dysfunction. VD supplementation may serve as part of a therapeutic strategy for human autoimmune and infectious diseases with intestinal barrier dysfunction (leaky gut) in the future. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that VDD could lead to a significant upregulation in mRNA expression of the jejunum zonulin level and also a marked elevation of serum zonulin in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Yeung
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei-Lein Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wai-Tao Chan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wen Chang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Chang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Weusmann J, Deschner J, Imber JC, Damanaki A, Leguizamón NDP, Nogueira AVB. Cellular effects of glycine and trehalose air-polishing powders on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1569-1578. [PMID: 34405311 PMCID: PMC8816749 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Air-polishing has been used in the treatment of periodontitis and gingivitis for years. The introduction of low-abrasive powders has enabled the use of air-polishing devices for subgingival therapy. Within the last decade, a wide range of different low-abrasive powders for subgingival use has been established. In this study, the effects of a glycine powder and a trehalose powder on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were investigated. Methods HGF were derived from three systemically and periodontally healthy donors. After 24 h and 48 h of incubation time, mRNA levels, and after 48 h, protein levels of TNFα, IL-8, CCL2, and VEGF were determined. In addition, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and in vitro wound healing were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.05). Results Glycine powder significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory genes and showed exploitation of the NF-κB pathway, albeit trehalose powder hardly interfered with cell function and did not trigger the NF-κB pathway. In contrast to trehalose, glycine showed a significant inhibitory effect on the in vitro wound healing rate. Conclusion Subgingivally applicable powders for air-polishing devices can regulate cell viability and proliferation as well as cytokine expression. Our in vitro study suggests that the above powders may influence HGF via direct cell effects. Trehalose appears to be relatively inert compared to glycine powder. Clinical relevance With the limitations of an in vitro design, our study suggests that in terms of cell response, trehalose-based air-polishing powders show a reduced effect on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weusmann
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Imber
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natalia D P Leguizamón
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry At Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa V B Nogueira
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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232
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Liu C, Chu D, Kalantar‐Zadeh K, George J, Young HA, Liu G. Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004433. [PMID: 34114369 PMCID: PMC8336501 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification of cytokines has significant value in both clinical medicine and biology as the levels provide insights into physiological and pathological processes and can be used to aid diagnosis and treatment. Cytokines and their clinical significance are introduced from the perspective of their pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Factors affecting cytokines quantification in biological fluids, native levels in different body fluids, sample processing and storage conditions, sensitivity to freeze-thaw, and soluble cytokine receptors are discussed. In addition, recent advances in in vitro and in vivo assays, biosensors based on different signal outputs and intracellular to extracellular protein expression are summarized. Various quantification platforms for high-sensitivity and reliable measurement of cytokines in different scenarios are discussed, and commercially available cytokine assays are compared. A discussion of challenges in the development and advancement of technologies for cytokine quantification that aim to achieve real-time multiplex cytokine analysis for point-of-care situations applicable for both biomedical research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | | | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver CentreWestmead Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Sydney and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNSW2145Australia
| | - Howard A. Young
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMD21702USA
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172P. R. China
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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233
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Insights into health-promoting effects of Jew's ear (Auricularia auricula-judae). Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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234
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Al-Gabri NA, Saghir SAM, Al-Hashedi SA, El-Far AH, Khafaga AF, Swelum AA, Al-Wajeeh AS, Mousa SA, Abd El-Hack ME, Naiel MAE, El-Tarabily KA. Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone and Its Nanoformulations in Pulmonary Injury: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5117-5131. [PMID: 34349511 PMCID: PMC8326280 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a crucial organ, the lung is exposed to various harmful agents that may induce inflammation and oxidative stress, which may cause chronic or acute lung injury. Nigella sativa, also known as black seed, has been widely used to treat various diseases and is one of the most extensively researched medicinal plants. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main component of black seed volatile oil and has been proven to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. The potential therapeutic properties of TQ against various pulmonary disorders have been studied in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnology may increase drug solubility, cellular absorption, drug release (sustained or control), and drug delivery to lung tissue target sites. As a result, fabricating TQ as nanoparticles (NPs) is a potential therapeutic approach against a variety of lung diseases. In this current review, we summarize recent findings on the efficacy of TQ and its nanotypes in lung disorders caused by immunocompromised conditions such as cancer, diabetes, gastric ulcers, and other neurodegenerative diseases. It is concluded that TQ nanoparticles with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiasthma, and antitumor activity may be safely applied to treat lung disorders. However, more research is required before TQ nanoparticles can be used as pharmaceutical preparations in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A Al-Gabri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen.,Laboratory of Regional Djibouti Livestock Quarantine, Abu Yasar international Est. 1999, Arta, Djibouti
| | - Sultan A M Saghir
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, AlHussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, 71111, Jordan
| | | | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Shaker A Mousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.,Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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235
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Obaroakpo JU, Nan W, Hao L, Liu L, Zhang S, Lu J, Pang X, Lv J. The hyperglycemic regulatory effect of sprouted quinoa yoghurt in high-fat-diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice via glucose and lipid homeostasis. Food Funct 2021; 11:8354-8368. [PMID: 32930693 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have proposed that quinoa yoghurt (QY) has the anti-diabetic properties based on an in vitro study. Here, its antidiabetic activity was further validated by investigating its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic influence in high fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. The results showed that QY increased the body weights of and reduced the fasting blood glucose levels in T2DM mice. QY significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-C, while it increased the HDL-C level. In addition, the hepatic glycogen content, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while lipid peroxidation was remarkably reduced. Sprouted QY had the highest influence on serum oxidation when compared with non-germinated QY. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, while the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. Histopathological studies showed that QY protected the tissue structure of the liver of T2DM mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that QY increased AKT-2 and AMPK-α2 expressions, while it suppressed p85. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that QY exerted its hypoglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects through the AKT/AMPK/PI3K signaling pathway. Germination significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the glucose and lipid homeostasis in T2DM mice in such a way that sprouted QY showed the highest hypoglycemic and cholesterol-lowering effects when compared with non-germinated QY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ujiroghene Obaroakpo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Wenlong Nan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Liyu Hao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Beijing Nutrition Resources Institute, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
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236
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Principe S, Zapater-Latorre E, Arribas L, Garcia-Miragall E, Bagan J. Salivary IL-8 as a putative predictive biomarker of radiotherapy response in head and neck cancer patients. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:437-448. [PMID: 34251535 PMCID: PMC8791883 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Ionizing radiation increases the expression of a number of salivary proteins involved in immunoregulatory networks related to infection, injury, inflammation, and cancer. Our main objective was to analyze whether there are significant differences in salivary cytokines before and after radiotherapy and whether any of them are associated to better outcomes after radiotherapy serving as a potential predictive biomarker of response to the treatment. Materials and methods We analyzed a panel of eight salivary markers (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10; MCP-1; TNF-α; VEGF; and EGF) in a group of HNC patients (N = 30), before and after irradiation treatment pre- and post-RT. We also compared these results with a group of healthy controls (N = 37). In both groups, we used stimulated saliva and we performed immunoassays based on multi-analyte profiling technology (Luminex xMAP). Results In our group of 30 HNC patients, 24 of them showed a good clinical response after radiotherapy treatment while 6 cases did not respond to radiotherapy. The data revealed a post-treatment increase in multiple cytokines in the stimulated saliva of HNC patients; the increases in IL-8 and MCP-1 were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.0001, respectively). Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves indicated the strong potential of IL-8 as a predictive biomarker of RT good outcomes (area under the curve = 0.84; p = 0.018). Conclusions After analyzing the panel of salivary cytokines, IL-8 showed the best association to the response to radiotherapy; in this sense, low IL-8 levels in the saliva of HNC patients before receiving irradiation therapy are associated with positive RT outcomes. Clinical relevance Salivary IL-8 expression in HNC patients undergoing RT may serve as a potential predictive biomarker of response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Principe
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitari (FiHgU) de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Leo Arribas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jose Bagan
- Oral Medicine, Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, PI19/00790 Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, ISCIII, Hospital General Universitari de Valencia, Avda Tres Cruces, 2, 46014, Valencia, Spain.
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237
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Caballero-García A, Córdova-Martínez A, Vicente-Salar N, Roche E, Pérez-Valdecantos D. Vitamin D, Its Role in Recovery after Muscular Damage Following Exercise. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072336. [PMID: 34371846 PMCID: PMC8308579 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from its role in bone metabolism, vitamin D is a key immunomodulatory micronutrient. The active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)D) seems to modulate the innate immune system through different mechanisms. The vitamin is involved in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, increasing the phagocytic and chemotactic functions of these cells. At the same time, vitamin D enables efferocytosis and prevents immunopathology. In addition, vitamin D is involved in other processes related to immune function, such as inflammation. Regarding muscle tissue, vitamin D plays an active role in muscle inflammatory response, protein synthesis, and regulation of skeletal muscle function. Two mechanisms have been proposed: A direct role of 1,25(OH)D binding to vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in muscle cells and the modulation of calcium transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This second mechanism needs additional investigation. In conclusion, vitamin D seems to be effective in cases of deficiency and/or if there is a great muscular commitment, such as in high intensity exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-649-827-663
| | - Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (D.P.-V.)
| | - Néstor Vicente-Salar
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.V.-S.); (E.R.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.V.-S.); (E.R.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Valdecantos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR: “Physical Exercise and Aging”, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (D.P.-V.)
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Каландия ММ, Токмакова АЮ, Галстян ГР. [The role of glycation end products in the development and progression of diabetic neuroarthropathy]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2021; 67:4-9. [PMID: 34297497 PMCID: PMC9112848 DOI: 10.14341/probl12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuroarthropathy (DNOAP, Charcot's foot) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, the genesis of which is not fully understood. In most cases, this pathology is diagnosed late, which leads to the development of severe deformities of the foot, up to the loss of support ability of the limb. There is no single hypothesis for the formation of Charcot's foot, but there are factors predisposing to its development, as well as a few likely provoking events. Excessive formation and accumulation of end products of glycation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this complication of diabetes. End products of glycation (AGE) are a variety of compounds formed as a result of a non-enzymatic reaction between carbohydrates and free amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. There are various factors that lead to the accumulation of AGE in the human body. Allocate endogenous and exogenous factors. The former include certain diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, renal failure, which accelerate glycation processes. Exogenous factors leading to the formation of lipo-oxidation and glyco-oxidation products include tobacco smoke and prolonged heat treatment of food.This review provides information on the role of glycation end products in the development and progression of complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. М. Каландия
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - А. Ю. Токмакова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Г. Р. Галстян
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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239
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Wang W, Fu R, Dong T, Cao Q, Ye H, Zhang C, Dong Z, Feng D, Zuo J. Guar gum-derived galactomannan induces inflammatory responses and increased energy expenditure in the intestine. Food Funct 2021; 12:7480-7489. [PMID: 34212169 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guar gum-derived galactomannan (GGGM) has been widely used in the food industry for a long time and its adverse impacts have been scarcely reported. Galactomannan is considered to have a structure similar to the surface components of certain pathogens, and the present study was thus conducted to investigate if oral administration of GGGM could cause physiological effects that were hypothesized to be related to intestinal inflammatory responses. The results showed that oral administration of GGGM resulted in compromises on growth performance, an increase of the relative weight of spleen and epididymal fat, and an elevation of the α1-acid glycoprotein content in both serum and livers of mice. With regard to energy metabolism-related indices, the activities of intestinal lactic dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase were all increased by the GGGM treatment in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, the latter of which also showed an elevation in the consumption of reducing sugar by intestinal epithelial cells along with a reduced viability of these cells in response to the GGGM treatment. Notably, the GGGM treatment triggered intestinal inflammatory responses that were evidenced by the increased expression of intestinal inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 both in vivo and in vitro, which were at least partially responsible for the increased energy expenditure in the intestine and the retardation of growth. The results of this study could expand our knowledge of GGGM administration and provide integrated insights into the consumption of GGGM-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Karki R, Kanneganti TD. The 'cytokine storm': molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:681-705. [PMID: 34217595 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has generally been described as a collection of clinical manifestations resulting from an overactivated immune system. Cytokine storms (CSs) are associated with various pathologies, as observed in infectious diseases, certain acquired or inherited immunodeficiencies and autoinflammatory diseases, or following therapeutic interventions. Despite the role of CS in tissue damage and multiorgan failure, a systematic understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms is lacking. Recent studies demonstrate a positive feedback loop between cytokine release and cell death pathways; certain cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), can activate inflammatory cell death, leading to further cytokine secretion. Here, we discuss recent progress in innate immunity and inflammatory cell death, providing insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CSs and therapeutics that might quell ensuing life-threatening effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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241
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Chang SF, Liu HL, Ho Y, Yang LM, Tsai YE, Chou BH, Wang SH, Lin SJ. Transformation of 15-ene steviol by Aspergillus niger, Cunninghamella bainieri, and Mortierella isabellina. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112776. [PMID: 33933828 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of 15-ene steviol (ent-13-hydroxy-kaur-15-en-19-oic acid) by growth cultures of Aspergillus niger BCRC 32720, Cunninghamella bainieri ATCC 9244, and Mortierella isabellina ATCC 38063 was conducted to generate various derivatives for the development of bioactive compounds. Four previously undescribed compounds along with six known compounds were obtained. The newly identified isolates were characterized using 1D and 2D NMR, IR, and HRESIMS, and three compounds were further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses. Subsequently, the effects of 15-ene steviol and its derivatives on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production by THP-1 cells were examined, with dexamethasone used as a positive control. Results indicated that most of the tested compounds showed lower inhibitory effects than those detected in the dexamethasone-treated group, except that 15-ene steviol showed better effects than dexamethasone on the reduction of LPS-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, -2, and -3 release. Three specialized products similarly showed better effects than dexamethasone on the inhibition of LPS-induced secretion of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). Moreover, none of the tested compounds showed any cytotoxicity or triggered cell apoptosis, and none affected the protein integrity of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or MyD88, suggesting that these compounds may exert the anti-inflammatory activity downstream of membrane-associated TLR4 and MyD88 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Fen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Liang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-En Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hon Chou
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Huey Wang
- Core Facility Center, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Jiuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Al-Hamed FS, Rodan R, Ramirez-Garcialuna JL, Elkashty O, Al-Shahrani N, Tran SD, Lordkipanidzé M, Kaartinen M, Badran Z, Tamimi F. The effect of aging on the bone healing properties of blood plasma. Injury 2021; 52:1697-1708. [PMID: 34049703 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age-related changes in blood composition have been found to affect overall health. Thus, this study aimed to understand the effect of these changes on bone healing by assessing how plasma derived from young and old rats affect bone healing using a rat model. METHODS . Blood plasma was collected from 6-month and 24-month old rats. Differences in elemental composition and metabolome were assessed using optical emission spectrometry and liquid mass spectrometry, respectively. Bilateral tibial bone defects were created in eight rats. Young plasma was randomly applied to one defect, while aged plasma was applied to the contralateral one. Rats were euthanized after two weeks, and their tibiae were analyzed using micro-CT and histology. The proteome of bone marrow was analyzed in an additional group of three rats. RESULTS Bone-defects treated with aged-plasma were significantly bigger in size and presented lower bone volume/tissue volume compared to defects treated with young-plasma. Histomorphometric analysis showed fewer mast cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes in defects treated with old versus young plasma. The proteome analysis showed that young plasma upregulated pathways required for bone healing (e.g. RUNX2, platelet signaling, and crosslinking of collagen fibrils) whereas old plasma upregulated pathways, involved in disease and inflammation (e.g. IL-7, IL-15, IL-20, and GM-CSF signaling). Plasma derived from old rats presented higher concentrations of iron, phosphorous, and nucleotide metabolites as well as lower concentrations of platelets, citric acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites compared to plasma derived from young rats. CONCLUSION bone defects treated with plasma-derived from young rats showed better healing compared to defects treated with plasma-derived from old rats. The application of young and old plasmas has different effects on the proteome of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Rodan
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Senior specialist in periodontology, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez-Garcialuna
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; The Bone Engineering Labs, Research Institute McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Osama Elkashty
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mari Kaartinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zahi Badran
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Periodontology (CHU/Rmes Inserm U1229/UIC11), Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France; College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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243
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Pyeon S, Kim OK, Yoon HG, Kim S, Choi KC, Lee YH, Lee J, Park J, Jun W. Water Extract of Rubus coreanus Prevents Inflammatory Skin Diseases In Vitro Models. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061230. [PMID: 34204204 PMCID: PMC8235380 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by immune hypersensitivity reaction. The cause of AD is unclear, but its symptoms have a negative effect on quality of life; various treatment methods to alleviate these symptoms are underway. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Rubus coreanus water extract (RCW) on AD. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid content of RCW were 4242.40 ± 54.84 mg GAE/g RCE and 1010.99 ± 14.75 mg CE/g RCW, respectively. RCW reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species level and increased the action of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated HaCaT cells. Moreover, mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, was downregulated by RCW in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated cells. The levels of inflammatory chemokines (thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine; eotaxin; macrophage-derived chemokine; regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were decreased in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells after RCW treatment. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of filaggrin and involucrin, proteins that form the skin, were increased by RCW. Furthermore, RCW inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of the activated B cells pathway in the TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. Collectively, the present investigation indicates that RCW is a potent substance that inhibits AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Pyeon
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (O.-K.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (O.-K.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Shintae Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (O.-K.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung 18323, Korea;
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Jeongjin Park
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (O.-K.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (W.J.); Tel.: +82-62-530-0344 (J.P.); +82-62-530-1337 (W.J.)
| | - Woojin Jun
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (S.P.); (O.-K.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (W.J.); Tel.: +82-62-530-0344 (J.P.); +82-62-530-1337 (W.J.)
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244
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He Z, Li X, Han S, Ren B, Hu X, Li N, Du X, Ni J, Yang X, Liu Q. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium (IV) attenuates amyloid-beta-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. Metallomics 2021; 13:6298233. [PMID: 34124763 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. During brain neuroinflammation, activated microglial cells resulting from amyloid-beta (Aβ) overload trigger toxic proinflammatory responses. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium (BEOV) (IV), an important vanadium compound, has been reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects, but its anti-inflammatory property has rarely been investigated. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of BEOV on neuroinflammation were revealed in both Aβ-stimulated BV2 microglial cell line and APPswe/PS1E9 transgenic mouse brain. BEOV administration significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 both in the hippocampus of APPswe/PS1E9 mice and in the Aβ-stimulated BV2 microglia. Furthermore, BEOV suppressed the Aβ-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and upregulated the protein expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in a dose-dependent manner. PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 could eliminate the effect of BEOV on Aβ-induced NF-κB activation and proinflammatory mediator production. Taken altogether, these findings suggested that BEOV ameliorates Aβ-stimulated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shuangxue Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Bingyu Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaogai Yang
- State Key Laboratories of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Wang B, Zhou Y, Tang L, Zeng Z, Gong L, Wu Y, Li WF. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Instead of Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Intestinal Microbiota of Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:679368. [PMID: 34150896 PMCID: PMC8212984 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.679368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 (SC06) instead of antibiotics on the growth performance, intestinal health, and intestinal microbiota of broilers. A total of 360 30-day-old Lingnan yellow broilers were randomly allocated into two groups with six replicates per group (30 birds per replicate). The broilers were fed either a non-supplemented diet or a diet supplemented with 108 colony-forming units lyophilized SC06 per kilogram feed for 30 days. Results showed that SC06 supplementation had no effect on the growth performance compared with that of the control group. SC06 treatment significantly (P <0.05) increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the liver, and the activities of trypsin, α-amylase (AMS), and Na+K+-ATPase in the ileum, whereas it decreased (P < 0.05) lipase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), and maltase activities in the ileum. Meanwhile, SC06 treatment also improved the immune function indicated by the significantly (P < 0.05) increased anti-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin (IL)-10] level and the decreased (P < 0.05) pro-inflammatory cytokine [IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] levels in the ileum. Furthermore, we also found that SC06 enhanced the intestinal epithelial intercellular integrity (tight junction and adhesion belt) in the ileum. Microbial analysis showed that SC06 mainly increased the alpha diversity indices in the jejunum, ileum, and cecum. SC06 treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidales, Bacteroides, Fusobacteria, Clostridiaceae, and Veillonellaceae in the cecum and simultaneously decreased the abundances of Planococcaceae in the duodenum, Microbacteriaceae in the jejunum, and Lachnospiraceae, [Ruminococcus] and Ruminococcus in cecum. In conclusion, these results suggested that B. amyloliquefaciens instead of antibiotics showed a potential beneficial effect on the intestinal health of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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246
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Bartneck M. Lipid nanoparticle formulations for targeting leukocytes with therapeutic RNA in liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:70-88. [PMID: 33774114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and low-grade inflammation are promoters of a multitude of diseases including liver fibrosis. Activation of the mobile leukocytes has a major impact on the outcome of inflammatory disease and can hence foster or mitigate liver fibrosis. This renders immunological targets valuable for directed interventions using nanomedicines. Particularly, RNA-based drugs formulated as lipid nanoparticles (LNP) can open new avenues for the personalized treatment of liver fibrosis both through specific interference and via the induction of the expression of functional and therapeutic proteins. Using microfluidics technology, all components, including lipid-anchored targeting ligands, are assembled in a single-step mixing process. A highlight is set to immunologically relevant liver cell types that are most vulnerable for being reached by LNP. A selection of LNP from other therapeutic fields applicable for reaching these cells in liver fbrosis is summarized. Furthermore, recent proceedings and major obstacles in the field of these targeted LNP are presented.
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247
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Annamalay AA, Abbott S, Khoo SK, Hibbert J, Bizzintino J, Zhang G, Laing I, Currie A, Le Souëf PN, Green RJ. The impact of cytokine levels in young South African children with and without HIV-associated acute lower respiratory infections. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3647-3655. [PMID: 33314189 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Altered host immune responses are considered to play a key role in the pathogenesis of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI). The existing literature on cytokine responses in ALRI is largely focussed on adults from developed countries and there are few reports describing the role of cytokines in childhood ALRI, particularly in African or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations. To measure systemic cytokine levels in blood plasma from young South African children with and without ALRI and with and without HIV to determine associations between cytokine responses and disease status and respiratory viral identification. Blood plasma samples were collected from 106 hospitalized ALRI cases and 54 non-ALRI controls less than 2 years of age. HIV status was determined. Blood plasma concentrations of 19 cytokines, 7 chemokines, and 4 growth factors (epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-basic, hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial) were measured using The Human Cytokine 30-Plex Panel. Common respiratory viruses were identified by PCR. Mean cytokine concentrations for G-CSF, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-5, and MCP-1 were significantly higher in ALRI cases than in nonrespiratory controls. Within the ALRI cases, several cytokines were higher in children with a virus compared with children without a virus. Mean cytokine concentrations for IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor-α, and MIP-1α were significantly lower in HIV-infected cases than in HIV-uninfected cases, while IP-10 and monokine induced by interferon-γ were significantly higher in HIV-infected cases than in HIV-uninfected cases. Certain cytokines are likely to play an important role in the host immune response to ALRI. HIV-infected children have impaired inflammatory responses to respiratory infections compared with HIV-uninfected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Annamalay
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Salome Abbott
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Siew-Kim Khoo
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Hibbert
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joelene Bizzintino
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ingrid Laing
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Currie
- Medical, Molecular, and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter N Le Souëf
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robin J Green
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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248
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El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Alhumam N, Elsohaby I, Quadri SA, Mkrtchyan H. The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11511. [PMID: 34131523 PMCID: PMC8174151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows with SM under field conditions. In addition, we also evaluated the role of examined biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease in dairy cows. Fifty-three dairy cows with SM, including those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 42) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 11) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy dairy cows were enrolled as a control group. Higher serum levels of PCT, NP, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, HP and SAA and a state of OS was detected in SM group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the levels of all examined biomarkers in mastitic cows with S. aureus when compared with those infected with MRSA was not significantly different. All examined biomarkers demonstrated a significant degree of discrimination between SM cows and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 83.6 for SAA to 100 for PCT). Our study showed that SM in dairy cows was associated with substantial changes in serum PCT, NPT, Acute phase proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and OS levels. This study demonstrates that clinical examination in tandem with quantification of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines, OS biomarkers could be a useful assessment tool for SM in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naser Alhumam
- Department of Microbiology and parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Sayed A. Quadri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermine Mkrtchyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
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249
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Zádor F, Joca S, Nagy-Grócz G, Dvorácskó S, Szűcs E, Tömböly C, Benyhe S, Vécsei L. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Links between the Endocannabinoid System and the Kynurenine Pathway in Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115903. [PMID: 34072767 PMCID: PMC8199129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use/abuse is one of the main causes of depressive symptoms. Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids in particular gained significant popularity in the past years. There is an increasing amount of clinical data associating such compounds with the inflammatory component of depression, indicated by the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are also well-known to regulate the enzymes of the kynurenine pathway (KP), which is responsible for metabolizing tryptophan, a precursor in serotonin synthesis. Enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels may over-activate the KP, leading to tryptophan depletion and reduced serotonin levels, which can subsequently precipitate depressive symptoms. Therefore, such mechanism might represent a possible link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the KP in depression, via the inflammatory and dysregulated serotonergic component of the disorder. This review will summarize the data regarding those natural and synthetic cannabinoids that increase pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the data on such cytokines associated with KP activation will be further reviewed accordingly. The interaction of the ECS and the KP has been postulated and demonstrated in some studies previously. This review will further contribute to this yet less explored connection and propose the KP to be the missing link between cannabinoid-induced inflammation and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (F.Z.); (S.D.); (E.S.); (C.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Sâmia Joca
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Gábor Nagy-Grócz
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (F.Z.); (S.D.); (E.S.); (C.T.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Szűcs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (F.Z.); (S.D.); (E.S.); (C.T.); (S.B.)
- Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (F.Z.); (S.D.); (E.S.); (C.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (F.Z.); (S.D.); (E.S.); (C.T.); (S.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-351
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Agwa SHA, Kamel MM, Elghazaly H, Abd Elsamee AM, Hafez H, Girgis SA, Ezz Elarab H, Ebeid FSE, Sayed SM, Sherif L, Matboli M. Association between Interferon-Lambda-3 rs12979860, TLL1 rs17047200 and DDR1 rs4618569 Variant Polymorphisms with the Course and Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:830. [PMID: 34071309 PMCID: PMC8230293 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provides a critical host-immunological challenge. AIM We explore the effect of host-genetic variation in interferon-lambda-3 rs12979860, Tolloid Like-1 (TLL1) rs17047200 and Discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1) rs4618569 on host response to respiratory viral infections and disease severity that may probe the mechanistic approach of allelic variation in virus-induced inflammatory responses. METHODS 141 COVID-19 positive patients and 100 healthy controls were tested for interferon-lambda-3 rs12979860, TLL1 rs17047200 and DDR1 rs4618569 polymorphism by TaqMan probe-based genotyping. Different genotypes were assessed regarding the COVID-19 severity and prognosis. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the studied cases and control group with regard to the presence of comorbidities, total leucocytic count, lymphocytic count, CRP, serum LDH, ferritin and D-dimer (p < 0.01). The CC genotype of rs12979860 cytokine, the AA genotype of TLL1 rs17047200 and the AA genotype of the rs4618569 variant of DDR1 showed a higher incidence of COVID-19 compared to the others. There were significant differences between the rs4618569 variant of DDR and the outcome of the disease, with the highest mortality in AG genotype 29 (60.4%) in comparison to 16 (33.3%) and 3 (6.2%) in the AA and GG genotypes, respectively (p = 0.007*), suggesting that the A allele is associated with a poor outcome in the disease. CONCLUSION Among people who carry C and A alleles of SNPs IFN-λ rs12979860 and TLL1 rs17047200, respectively, the AG genotype of the DDR1 rs4618569 variant is correlated with a COVID-19 poor outcome. In those patients, the use of anti-IFN-λ 3, TLL1 and DDR1 therapy may be promising for personalized translational clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. A. Agwa
- Molecular Genomics Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mostafa Kamel
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Hesham Elghazaly
- Oncology Department, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Aya M. Abd Elsamee
- Molecular Genomics Unit, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Hala Hafez
- Infection Control Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (H.H.); (S.A.G.); (H.E.E.)
| | - Samia Abdo Girgis
- Infection Control Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (H.H.); (S.A.G.); (H.E.E.)
| | - Hoda Ezz Elarab
- Infection Control Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (H.H.); (S.A.G.); (H.E.E.)
| | - Fatma S. E. Ebeid
- Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.S.E.E.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Safa Matbouly Sayed
- Pediatric Department, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (F.S.E.E.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Lina Sherif
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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