201
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Zhang X, Borg EGF, Liaci AM, Vos HR, Stoorvogel W. A novel three step protocol to isolate extracellular vesicles from plasma or cell culture medium with both high yield and purity. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1791450. [PMID: 32944179 PMCID: PMC7480457 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1791450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane encapsulated nanoparticles that can function in intercellular communication, and their presence in biofluids can be indicative for (patho)physiological conditions. Studies aiming to resolve functionalities of EV or to discover EV-associated biomarkers for disease in liquid biopsies are hampered by limitations of current protocols to isolate EV from biofluids or cell culture medium. EV isolation is complicated by the >105-fold numerical excess of other types of particles, including lipoproteins and protein complexes. In addition to persisting contaminants, currently available EV isolation methods may suffer from inefficient EV recovery, bias for EV subtypes, interference with the integrity of EV membranes, and loss of EV functionality. In this study, we established a novel three-step non-selective method to isolate EV from blood or cell culture media with both high yield and purity, resulting in 71% recovery and near to complete elimination of unrelated (lipo)proteins. This EV isolation procedure is independent of ill-defined commercial kits, and apart from an ultracentrifuge, does not require specialised expensive equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen G. F. Borg
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Manuel Liaci
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R. Vos
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Stoorvogel
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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202
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Kim SS, Baek GO, Ahn HR, Sung S, Seo CW, Cho HJ, Nam SW, Cheong JY, Eun JW. Serum small extracellular vesicle-derived LINC00853 as a novel diagnostic marker for early hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2646-2659. [PMID: 32525601 PMCID: PMC7530776 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using publicly available tissue genomic datasets and validate their diagnostic utility for early-stage HCC. Differentially expressed lncRNAs between 371 HCC and 50 nontumor tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas liver hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA_LIHC) project. Subsequently, the expression of the serum- and extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived lncRNA was assessed in 10 patients with HCC and 10 healthy controls using RT-qPCR. The candidate lncRNAs were validated in 90 HCC and 92 non-HCC (29 healthy control, 28 chronic hepatitis, 35 liver cirrhosis) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for the candidate lncRNAs and the current HCC biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). SFTA1P, HOTTIP, HAGLROS, LINC01419, HAGLR, CRNDE, and LINC00853 were markedly upregulated in HCC in TCGA_LIHC dataset. Among them, LINC00853 has not been reported in relation to HCC before. In patients with HCC, only expression of small EV-derived LINC00853 (EV-LINC00853) was increased. EV-LINC00853 showed excellent discriminatory ability in the diagnosis of all-stage HCC (AUC = 0.934, 95% confidence interval = 0.887-0.966). Moreover, using a 14-fold increase and 20 ng·mL-1 as cutoffs for EV-LINC00853 expression and AFP level, respectively, EV-LINC00853 was found to have a sensitivity of 93.75% and specificity of 89.77%, while AFP showed only 9.38% sensitivity and 72.73% specificity for the diagnosis of early-stage HCC (mUICC stage I). EV-LINC00853 had a positivity of 97% and 67% in AFP-negative and AFP-positive early HCC, respectively. Serum EV-derived LINC00853 may be a novel potential diagnostic biomarker for early HCC, especially for AFP-negative HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Geum Ok Baek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Ri Ahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Suna Sung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chul Won Seo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Functional RNomics Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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203
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Cintio M, Polacchini G, Scarsella E, Montanari T, Stefanon B, Colitti M. MicroRNA Milk Exosomes: From Cellular Regulator to Genomic Marker. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1126. [PMID: 32630756 PMCID: PMC7401532 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in ruminants' milk-derived exosomes (EXO) have indicated a role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cell-to-cell communication in dairy ruminants. The miRNAs EXO retain peculiar mechanisms of uptake from recipient cells, which enables the selective delivery of cargos, with a specific regulation of target genes. Although many studies have been published on the miRNAs contained in milk, less information is available on the role of miRNAs EXO, which are considered stable over time and resistant to digestion and milk processing. Several miRNAs EXO have been implicated in the cellular signaling pathway, as in the regulation of immune response. Moreover, they exert epigenetic control, as extenuating the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1. However, the study of miRNAs EXO is still challenging due to the difficulty of isolating EXO. In fact, there are not agreed protocols, and different methods, often time-consuming, are used, making it difficult to routinely process a large number of samples. The regulation of cell functions in mammary glands by miRNAs EXO, and their applications as genomic markers in livestock, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Stefanon
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.C.); (G.P.); (E.S.); (T.M.); (M.C.)
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204
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Exosome Purification and Analysis Using a Facile Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Trapping Device. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10733-10742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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205
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Khalyfa A, Castro-Grattoni AL, Gozal D. Cardiovascular morbidities of obstructive sleep apnea and the role of circulating extracellular vesicles. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 13:1753466619895229. [PMID: 31852426 PMCID: PMC6923690 DOI: 10.1177/1753466619895229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse
during sleep resulting in impaired blood gas exchange, namely intermittent
hypoxia (IH) and hypercapnia, fragmented sleep (SF), increased oxidative stress
and systemic inflammation. Among a myriad of potential associated morbidities,
OSA has been particularly implicated as mechanistically contributing to the
prevalence and severity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the benefits
of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which is generally employed in
OSA treatment, to either prevent or improve CVD outcomes remain unconvincing,
suggesting that the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the incremental CVD
risk associated with OSA are not clearly understood. One of the challenges in
development of non-invasive diagnostic assays is the ability to identify
clinically and mechanistically relevant biomarkers. Circulating extracellular
vesicles (EVs) and their cargos reflect underlying changes in cellular
homeostasis and can provide insights into how cells and systems cope with
physiological perturbations by virtue of the identity and abundance of miRNAs,
mRNAs, proteins, and lipids that are packaged in the EVs under normal as well as
diseased states, such as OSA. EVs can not only provide unique insights into
coordinated cellular responses at the organ or systemic level, but can also
serve as reporters of the effects of OSA in CVD, either by their properties
enabling regeneration and repair of injured vascular cells or by damaging them.
Here, we highlight recent progress in the pathological CVD consequences of OSA,
and explore the putative roles of EVs in OSA-associated CVD, along with emerging
diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material
section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anabel L Castro-Grattoni
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and MU Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 400 N. Keene Street, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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206
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Zhang J, Cui X, Guo J, Cao C, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhang L, Shen D, Lim K, Woodfield T, Tang J, Zhang J. Small but significant: Insights and new perspectives of exosomes in cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8291-8303. [PMID: 32578938 PMCID: PMC7412413 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major health problem worldwide, and health professionals are still actively seeking new and effective approaches for CVDs treatment. Presently, extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, have gained its popularity for CVDs treatment because of their function as messengers for inter- and extra-cellular communications to promote cellular functions in cardiovascular system. However, as a newly developed field, researchers are still trying to fully understand the role of exosomes, and their mechanism in mediating cardiac repair process. Therefore, a comprehensive review of this topic can be timely and favourable. In this review, we summarized the basic biogenesis and characterization of exosomes and then further extended the focus on the circulating exosomes in cellular communication and stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiac disease treatment. In addition, we covered interactions between the heart and other organs through exosomes, leading to the diagnostic characteristics of exosomes in CVDs. Future perspectives and limitations of exosomes in CVDs were also discussed with a special focus on exploring the potential delivery routes, targeting the injured tissue and engineering novel exosomes, as well as its potential as one novel target in the metabolism-related puzzle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Medical Technologies Center of Research Excellence, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zenglei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Deliang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Khoon Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Medical Technologies Center of Research Excellence, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Medical Technologies Center of Research Excellence, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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207
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Bansal S, McGilvrey M, Garcia-Mansfield K, Sharma R, Bremner RM, Smith MA, Hachem R, Pirrotte P, Mohanakumar T. Global Proteomics Analysis of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Lung Transplant Recipients. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14360-14369. [PMID: 32596573 PMCID: PMC7315412 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplant recipients (LTxRs) with acute rejection (AR) and chronic rejection (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [BOS]) induce circulating exosomes known to contain donor human leukocyte antigens and lung-associated self-antigens. Here, we sought to identify proteomic signatures in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) that differentiate LTxRs in 4 groups: stable, AR, BOS, or respiratory viral infection (RVI). EVs were isolated from plasma from patients in each group via ultracentrifugation. EV protein cargoes were prepared for shotgun proteomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 2 unique proteins for AR, 4 for RVI, 24 for BOS, and 8 for stable LTxRs. Differential analysis of AR, BOS, RVI, and stable proteins identified significantly deregulated proteins (p < 0.05, log2(fold change) > ±1) in each condition (31, 2, and 2, respectively). EVs from LTxRs with AR contained proteins involved in immunoglobulin, complement regulation, coagulation, and innate and adaptive immune response pathways. EVs from LTxRs with BOS revealed enriched immunoglobulin receptors and a carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain. EVs from LTxRs with RVI had an enriched macrophage-stimulating factor. We found unique signatures in LTxRs with AR, BOS, and RVI, highlighting complex immune mechanisms underlying lung allograft rejection. Proteomic signatures in LTxRs' circulating EVs provided insights into immunological mechanisms of graft rejection and RVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Bansal
- Norton Thoracic
Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Marissa McGilvrey
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry (CCTMS), Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Krystine Garcia-Mansfield
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry (CCTMS), Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry (CCTMS), Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Ross M. Bremner
- Norton Thoracic
Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Michael A. Smith
- Norton Thoracic
Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Ramsey Hachem
- Department of Medicine, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry (CCTMS), Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Thalachallour Mohanakumar
- Norton Thoracic
Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
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208
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Sancho-Albero M, Medel-Martínez A, Martín-Duque P. Use of exosomes as vectors to carry advanced therapies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23975-23987. [PMID: 35517364 PMCID: PMC9055210 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02414g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are microvesicles of nanometric size involved in the communication between cells and tissues. Inside their bilipidic membrane they carry nucleic acids such as cargos (DNA, miRNA, etc.). Some of the advantages that make exosomes very attractive therapeutic vehicles are (i) their tropism through different tissues, (ii) the ability to pass biological barriers and (iii) the protection of the encapsulated material from the immune system and degradation. Viruses are some of the most widely employed gene therapy vehicles; however, they are still facing many problems, such as inefficient tropism to damaged areas and their elimination by the immune system. One of the functions attributed to exosomes is the elimination of substances that could be harmful to the cell, including viruses. Recently it has been investigated whether complete viruses or part of them could be encapsulated in exosomes, for a new viral-exosome gene therapy approach. Moreover, nanotechnology is another type of advanced therapy (together with gene and cell therapies) that can be used, among other utilities, to transfer genetic material. Recently the field of encapsulation of nanomaterials in exosomes, with or without gene transfer, is increasing. In this review we will summarize all of those studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sancho-Albero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), Aragon Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN) 28029 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Medel-Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), Aragon Materials Science Institute (ICMA), University of Zaragoza Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Aragon Health Sciences Institute(IACS)/IIS Aragón, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón Avda San Juan Bosco 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pilar Martín-Duque
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN) 28029 Madrid Spain
- Aragon Health Sciences Institute(IACS)/IIS Aragón, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón Avda San Juan Bosco 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Araid Fund. Av. de Ranillas 1-D, Planta 2a, Oficina B 50018 Zaragoza Spain
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209
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Xie Y, Li J, Li P, Li N, Zhang Y, Binang H, Zhao Y, Duan W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Du L, Wang C. RNA-Seq Profiling of Serum Exosomal Circular RNAs Reveals Circ-PNN as a Potential Biomarker for Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:982. [PMID: 32626660 PMCID: PMC7314951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as cardinal areas of focus in the non-coding RNA field. Growing evidences have revealed exosomal circRNAs as potential biomarkers for detection of various cancers. However, the clinical importance of most serum exosomal circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) have rarely been investigated. In this study, we examined the possible clinical application of serum exosomal circRNAs in the diagnosis of CRC. Firstly, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis using fifty CRC and fifty healthy control serum samples to identify CRC-related circRNAs. The sequencing data showed 122 differentially expressed circRNAs including 100 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated circRNA transcripts in CRC patients. Then, eight most dysregulated circRNAs were selected for validation by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Validation analysis revealed that the serum exosomal circ-PNN (hsa_circ_0101802) levels were significantly up-regulated in CRC cases compared with those in the healthy control groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis suggested that circ-PNN had significant value in CRC diagnosis with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.855 and 0.826 in the training and validation sets, respectively. We also found that the AUC of serum exosomal circ-PNN for early-stage CRC was 0.854. Finally, a network map based on circ-PNN was constructed to determine its potential miRNA-mRNAs binding. We also demonstrated that the expression of hsa-miR-6833-3P, hsa-let-7i-3p and hsa-miR-1301-3P were negatively correlated with circ-PNN in CRC patients. Collectively, our findings indicated that serum exosomal circ-PNN might be a potential non-invasive biomarker for the detection of CRC and may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Helen Binang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weili Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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210
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Serpente M, Fenoglio C, D'Anca M, Arcaro M, Sorrentino F, Visconte C, Arighi A, Fumagalli GG, Porretti L, Cattaneo A, Ciani M, Zanardini R, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Scarpini E, Galimberti D. MiRNA Profiling in Plasma Neural-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061443. [PMID: 32531989 PMCID: PMC7349735 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are able to pass from the central nervous system (CNS) into peripheral blood and contain molecule markers of their parental origin. The aim of our study was to isolate and characterize total and neural-derived small EVs (NDEVs) and their micro RNA (miRNA) cargo in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Small NDEVs were isolated from plasma in a population consisting of 40 AD patients and 40 healthy subjects (CTRLs) using high throughput Advanced TaqMan miRNA OpenArrays®, which enables the simultaneous determination of 754 miRNAs. MiR-23a-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-100-3p and miR-190-5p showed a significant dysregulation in small NDEVs from AD patients as compared with controls (1.16 ± 0.49 versus 7.54 ± 2.5, p = 0.026; 9.32 ± 2.27 versus 0.66 ± 0.18, p <0.0001; 0.069 ± 0.01 versus 0.5 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001 and 2.9 ± 1.2 versus 1.93 ± 0.9, p < 0.05, respectively). A further validation analysis confirmed that miR-23a-3p, miR-223-3p and miR-190a-5p levels in small NDEVs from AD patients were significantly upregulated as compared with controls (p = 0.008; p = 0.016; p = 0.003, respectively) whereas miR-100-3p levels were significantly downregulated (p = 0.008). This is the first study that carries out the comparison between total plasma small EV population and NDEVs, demonstrating the presence of a specific AD NDEV miRNA signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna D'Anca
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Sorrentino
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, CRC Molecular Basis of Neuro-Psycho-Geriatrics Diseases, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Visconte
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio G Fumagalli
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Porretti
- Flow Cytometry Service, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cattaneo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Ciani
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zanardini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, CRC Molecular Basis of Neuro-Psycho-Geriatrics Diseases, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, CRC Molecular Basis of Neuro-Psycho-Geriatrics Diseases, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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211
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Montis C, Salvatore A, Valle F, Paolini L, Carlà F, Bergese P, Berti D. Biogenic supported lipid bilayers as a tool to investigate nano-bio interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:340-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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212
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Serrano-Pertierra E, Oliveira-Rodríguez M, Matos M, Gutiérrez G, Moyano A, Salvador M, Rivas M, Blanco-López MC. Extracellular Vesicles: Current Analytical Techniques for Detection and Quantification. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E824. [PMID: 32481493 PMCID: PMC7357140 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their first observation, understanding the biology of extracellular vesicles (EV) has been an important and challenging field of study. They play a key role in the intercellular communication and are involved in important physiological and pathological functions. Therefore, EV are considered as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring the response to treatment in some diseases. In addition, due to their properties, EV may be used for therapeutic purposes. In the study of EV, three major points have to be addressed: 1. How to isolate EV from cell culture supernatant/biological fluids, 2. how to detect them, and 3. how to characterize and quantify. In this review, we focus on the last two questions and provide the main analytical techniques up-to-date for detection and profiling of EV. We critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each one, aimed to be of relevance for all researchers working on EV biology and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Serrano-Pertierra
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.S.-P.); (M.O.-R.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Myriam Oliveira-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.S.-P.); (M.O.-R.); (A.M.)
| | - María Matos
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Gutiérrez
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda Moyano
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.S.-P.); (M.O.-R.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
| | - María Salvador
- Department of Physics & IUTA, University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, 33204 Gijón, Spain; (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Montserrat Rivas
- Department of Physics & IUTA, University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, 33204 Gijón, Spain; (M.S.); (M.R.)
| | - María Carmen Blanco-López
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (E.S.-P.); (M.O.-R.); (A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
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213
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Horgan CC, Nagelkerke A, Whittaker TE, Nele V, Massi L, Kauscher U, Penders J, Bergholt MS, Hood SR, Stevens MM. Molecular imaging of extracellular vesicles in vitro via Raman metabolic labelling. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4447-4459. [PMID: 32373878 PMCID: PMC7610785 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biologically-derived nanovectors important for intercellular communication and trafficking. As such, EVs show great promise as disease biomarkers and therapeutic drug delivery vehicles. However, despite the rapidly growing interest in EVs, understanding of the biological mechanisms that govern their biogenesis, secretion, and uptake remains poor. Advances in this field have been hampered by both the complex biological origins of EVs, which make them difficult to isolate and identify, and a lack of suitable imaging techniques to properly study their diverse biological roles. Here, we present a new strategy for simultaneous quantitative in vitro imaging and molecular characterisation of EVs in 2D and 3D based on Raman spectroscopy and metabolic labelling. Deuterium, in the form of deuterium oxide (D2O), deuterated choline chloride (d-Chol), or deuterated d-glucose (d-Gluc), is metabolically incorporated into EVs through the growth of parent cells on medium containing one of these compounds. Isolated EVs are thus labelled with deuterium, which acts as a bio-orthogonal Raman-active tag for direct Raman identification of EVs when introduced to unlabelled cell cultures. Metabolic deuterium incorporation demonstrates no apparent adverse effects on EV secretion, marker expression, morphology, or global composition, indicating its capacity for minimally obstructive EV labelling. As such, our metabolic labelling strategy could provide integral insights into EV biocomposition and trafficking. This approach has the potential to enable a deeper understanding of many of the biological mechanisms underpinning EVs, with profound implications for the design of EVs as therapeutic delivery vectors and applications as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor C Horgan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas E Whittaker
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Valeria Nele
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lucia Massi
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ulrike Kauscher
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jelle Penders
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mads S Bergholt
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steve R Hood
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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214
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Sun H, Li D, Yuan M, Li Q, Li N, Wang G. Eutopic stromal cells of endometriosis promote neuroangiogenesis via exosome pathway†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:649-659. [PMID: 30295741 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common multifactorial gynecological disorder defined as the proliferation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Neuroangiogenesis (co-recruitment of nerves and blood vessels) is believed to play an integral part in the establishment and growth of endometriotic lesions. We hypothesized that exosomes derived from abnormal endometrium may serve as the second identifier of endometriosis and play an important role in the development of endometriosis by regulating neuroangiogenesis. Primary human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were isolated from eutopic endometrium (EmESC, n = 22) with endometriosis and normal endometrium (CoESC, n = 6). Exosomes were isolated from ESCs using the "standard" ultracentrifugation method, and the characterization of exosomes was identified through transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blot. The role of exosomes in regulating neuroangiogenesis was determined through in vitro tube formation assay, neurite outgrowth assay, and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron apoptosis analysis. The data showed that EmESCs could secrete exosomes with a diameter of approximately 100 nm and a biconcave morphological feature; they were internalized by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and DRG neurons and enhanced neuroangiogenic effects. We further validated the role of exosomes through blocking experiments. We found that when the exosome secretion was blocked, the pro-neuroangiogenesis effects were decreased. In conclusion, these data suggested that exosomes may play a key role in endometriosis by promoting neuroangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Cryomedicine Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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215
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Driedonks TA, Mol S, de Bruin S, Peters AL, Zhang X, Lindenbergh MF, Beuger BM, van Stalborch AMD, Spaan T, de Jong EC, van der Vries E, Margadant C, van Bruggen R, Vlaar AP, Groot Kormelink T, Nolte-‘T Hoen EN. Y-RNA subtype ratios in plasma extracellular vesicles are cell type- specific and are candidate biomarkers for inflammatory diseases. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1764213. [PMID: 32944168 PMCID: PMC7448942 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1764213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major efforts are made to characterize the presence of microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA in blood plasma to discover novel disease-associated biomarkers. MiRNAs in plasma are associated to several types of macromolecular structures, including extracellular vesicles (EV), lipoprotein particles (LPP) and ribonucleoprotein particles (RNP). RNAs in these complexes are recovered at variable efficiency by commonly used EV- and RNA isolation methods, which causes biases and inconsistencies in miRNA quantitation. Besides miRNAs, various other non-coding RNA species are contained in EV and present within the pool of plasma extracellular RNA. Members of the Y-RNA family have been detected in EV from various cell types and are among the most abundant non-coding RNA types in plasma. We previously showed that shuttling of full-length Y-RNA into EV released by immune cells is modulated by microbial stimulation. This indicated that Y-RNAs could contribute to the functional properties of EV in immune cell communication and that EV-associated Y-RNAs could have biomarker potential in immune-related diseases. Here, we investigated which macromolecular structures in plasma contain full length Y-RNA and whether the levels of three Y-RNA subtypes in plasma (Y1, Y3 and Y4) change during systemic inflammation. Our data indicate that the majority of full length Y-RNA in plasma is stably associated to EV. Moreover, we discovered that EV from different blood-related cell types contain cell-type-specific Y-RNA subtype ratios. Using a human model for systemic inflammation, we show that the neutrophil-specific Y4/Y3 ratios and PBMC-specific Y3/Y1 ratios were significantly altered after induction of inflammation. The plasma Y-RNA ratios strongly correlated with the number and type of immune cells during systemic inflammation. Cell-type-specific "Y-RNA signatures" in plasma EV can be determined without prior enrichment for EV, and may be further explored as simple and fast test for diagnosis of inflammatory responses or other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A.P. Driedonks
- Department Of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Mol
- Department Of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department Of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Bruin
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Linda Peters
- Department Of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department Of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe F.S. Lindenbergh
- Department Of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boukje M. Beuger
- Department Of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marieke D. van Stalborch
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department Of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thom Spaan
- Department Of Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Division of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther C. de Jong
- Department Of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erhard van der Vries
- Department Of Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Division of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coert Margadant
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department Of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department Of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P.J. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Groot Kormelink
- Department Of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther N.M. Nolte-‘T Hoen
- Department Of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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216
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Avagliano A, Fiume G, Pelagalli A, Sanità G, Ruocco MR, Montagnani S, Arcucci A. Metabolic Plasticity of Melanoma Cells and Their Crosstalk With Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:722. [PMID: 32528879 PMCID: PMC7256186 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly aggressive and drug resistant solid tumor, showing an impressive metabolic plasticity modulated by oncogenic activation. In particular, melanoma cells can generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during cancer progression by both cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments, although CM energetic request mostly relies on glycolysis. The upregulation of glycolysis is associated with constitutive activation of BRAF/MAPK signaling sustained by BRAFV600E kinase mutant. In this scenario, the growth and progression of CM are strongly affected by melanoma metabolic changes and interplay with tumor microenvironment (TME) that sustain tumor development and immune escape. Furthermore, CM metabolic plasticity can induce a metabolic adaptive response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi), associated with the shift from glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Therefore, in this review article we survey the metabolic alterations and plasticity of CM, its crosstalk with TME that regulates melanoma progression, drug resistance and immunosurveillance. Finally, we describe hallmarks of melanoma therapeutic strategies targeting the shift from glycolysis toward OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Sanità
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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217
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Niu F, Chen X, Niu X, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Chen T, Yang H. Integrated Immunomagnetic Bead-Based Microfluidic Chip for Exosomes Isolation. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050503. [PMID: 32429185 PMCID: PMC7281766 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are essential early biomarkers for health monitoring and cancer diagnosis. A prerequisite for further investigation of exosomes is the isolation, which is technically challenging due to the complexity of body fluids. This paper presents the development of an integrated microfluidic chip for exosomes isolation, which combines the traditional immunomagnetic bead-based protocol and the recently emerging microfluidic approach, resulting in benefits from both the high-purity of the former and the automated continuous superiority of the latter. The chip was designed based on an S-shaped micromixer with embedded baffle. The excellent mixing efficiency of this micromixer compared with Y-shaped and S-shaped micromixers was verified by simulation and experiments. The photolithography technique was employed to fabricate the integrated microfluidic chip, and the manufacturing process was elucidated. We finally established an experimental platform for exosomes isolation with the fabricated microfluidic chip built in. Exosomes isolation experiments were conducted using this platform. The distribution and morphology of the isolated exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative size analyses based on transmission electron micrographs indicated that most of the obtained particles were between 30 and 150 nm. Western blot analyses of the isolated exosomes and the serum were conducted to verify the platform’s capability of isolating a certain subpopulation of exosomes corresponding to specified protein markers (CD63). The complete time for isolation of 150 μL serum samples was approximately 50 min, which was highly competitive with the reported existing protocols. Experimental results proved the capacity of the established integrated microfluidic chip for exosomes isolation with high purity, high integrity, and excellent efficiency. The platform can be further developed to make it possible for practical use in clinical applications as a universal exosomes isolation and characterization tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Niu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China; (F.N.); (X.C.); (X.N.)
| | - Xifu Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China; (F.N.); (X.C.); (X.N.)
| | - Xuemei Niu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China; (F.N.); (X.C.); (X.N.)
| | - Yifan Cai
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; (Y.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Qingkui Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China; (F.N.); (X.C.); (X.N.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; (Y.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Hao Yang
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; (Y.C.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (H.Y.)
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218
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Sun H, Li D, Yuan M, Li Q, Zhen Q, Li N, Wang G. Macrophages alternatively activated by endometriosis-exosomes contribute to the development of lesions in mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:5-16. [PMID: 30428082 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do exosomes play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis in a murine model? SUMMARY ANSWER Exosomes from endometriosis (EMS) can alternatively activate macrophages and thus contribute to the development of lesions in mice. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The pathogenesis of endometriosis, an inflammatory disease, possibly involves peritoneal macrophages. Exosomes are recognized as a new communicator among cells and a key modulator in several inflammatory diseases. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed in vitr and in vivo experiments to demonstrate the role of exosomes in modulating macrophages. RAW264.7 cells (macrophages) were used to examine the effects of exosomes on macrophages in vitro. An experiment was also conducted in vivo, as follows. Fifty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly allocated to five control and five experimental groups (n = 5/group). The experimental group was injected i.p. with EMS-exosomes derived from eutopic stromal cells, starting on Day-7 then every day for 1 week. The control group received CON-exosomes from mice without endometriosis. Peritoneal macrophages were assessed over the next 6 days. On Day 0, all mice were injected i.p. with endometrium to establish the endometriosis model. On Day 14, all mice were sacrificed, ectopic lesions were counted and measured. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Exosomes were isolated from endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) by ultracentrifugation and characterized through transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. After treatment with exosomes, the polarization and phagocytic ability of the macrophages were detected by flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescent staining and RT-PCR. C57BL/6 mice were utilized to establish an endometriosis model by i.p. injection of endometrial segments. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After treatment with EMS-exosomes, the macrophages were polarized into an M2-like phenotype and their phagocytic ability decreased (P < 0.05 versus treatment with CON-exosomes). The total weight and volume of the lesions in mice treated with EMS-exosomes significantly increased compared with those in mice treated with CON-exosomes (P < 0.05). The infiltration of M2-like macrophages was enhanced in the EMS-exosome group (P < 0.001 versus treatment with CON-exosomes). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Detection of endometriosis following exosome treatment was only performed in a murine endometriosis model. Clinical data and additional mechanism studies must be conducted to understand the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study emphasizes the importance of EMS-exosomes in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Further investigations on the exosome signaling pathways may contribute to the development of effective treatments for endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by grants (Nos. 81571417 and 81771552) from the National Science Foundation of China. The authors report no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Cryomedicine Lab, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuju Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianwei Zhen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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219
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The Course of Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles in Patients Undergoing Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6381396. [PMID: 32382562 PMCID: PMC7193280 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6381396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, increasing efforts have been devoted to investigating the role of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in cardiovascular diseases. These nano-sized particles (30-150 nm), secreted by different cell types, contain signalling molecules that enable participation in intercellular communication processes. In this study, we examined the course of circulating sEVs in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and correlated them with echocardiographic and standard blood parameters. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 135 patients undergoing SAVR preoperatively and at three follow-up points. Circulating sEVs were precipitated using Exoquick™ exosome isolation reagent and analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Our findings indicate that no more than 7 days after SAVR, there was a marked increase of circulating sEVs before returning to initial values after 3 months. Further, shear stress is not a trigger for the formation and release of circulating sEVs. Moreover, we pointed out a correlation between circulating sEVs and erythrocytes as well as LDH and creatinine levels in peripheral blood. Finally, all patients with a moderate prosthesis-patient mismatch as well as with an impaired left ventricular mass regression had lower levels of circulating sEVs 3 months after SAVR compared to their respective status before surgery. We conclude that in patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS), sEVs may play an important part in mediating cell-cell communication and SAVR may have a crucial and lasting impact on their circulating levels. Besides, lower levels of sEVs portend to be associated with inferior recovery after major surgical interventions. The additional use of circulating sEVs beyond echocardiographic and laboratory parameters could have a prognostic value to estimate adverse outcomes in patients undergoing SAVR.
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220
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Koh YQ, Tan CJ, Toh YL, Sze SK, Ho HK, Limoli CL, Chan A. Role of Exosomes in Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082755. [PMID: 32326653 PMCID: PMC7215650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in cognitive function following cancer treatment is one of the most commonly reported post-treatment symptoms among patients with cancer and those in remission, and include memory, processing speed, and executive function. A clear understanding of cognitive impairment as a result of cancer and its therapy can be obtained by delineating structural and functional changes using brain imaging studies and neurocognitive assessments. There is also a need to determine the underlying mechanisms and pathways that impact the brain and affect cognitive functioning in cancer survivors. Exosomes are small cell-derived vesicles formed by the inward budding of multivesicular bodies, and are released into the extracellular environment via an exocytic pathway. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes contribute to various physiological and pathological conditions, including neurological processes such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal stress response, cell-to-cell communication, and neurogenesis. In this review, we summarize the relationship between exosomes and cancer-related cognitive impairment. Unraveling exosomes’ actions and effects on the microenvironment of the brain, which impacts cognitive functioning, is critical for the development of exosome-based therapeutics for cancer-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Chia Jie Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yi Long Toh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Charles L. Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, USA
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-824-8896
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221
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Langevin SM, Kuhnell D, Biesiada J, Zhang X, Medvedovic M, Talaska GG, Burns KA, Kasper S. Comparability of the small RNA secretome across human biofluids concomitantly collected from healthy adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229976. [PMID: 32275679 PMCID: PMC7147728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are nano-sized (40–150 nm), membrane-encapsulated vesicles that are released by essentially all cells into the extracellular space and function as intercellular signaling vectors through the horizontal transfer of biologic molecules, including microRNA (miRNA) and other small non-coding RNA (ncRNA), that can alter the phenotype of recipient cells. sEV are present in essentially all extracellular biofluids, including serum, urine and saliva, and offer a new avenue for discovery and development of novel biomarkers of various disease states and exposures. The objective of this study was to systematically interrogate similarities and differences between sEV ncRNA derived from saliva, serum and urine, as well as cell-free small ncRNA (cf-ncRNA) from serum. Saliva, urine and serum were concomitantly collected from 4 healthy donors to mitigate potential bias that can stem from interpersonal and temporal variability. sEV were isolated from each respective biofluid, along with cf-RNA from serum. sEV were isolated from the respective biofluids via differential ultracentrifugation with a 30% sucrose cushion to minimize protein contamination. Small RNA-sequencing was performed on each sample, and cluster analysis was performed based on ncRNA profiles. While some similarities existed in terms of sEV ncRNA cargo across biofluids, there are also notable differences in ncRNA class and ncRNA secretion, with sEV in each biofluid bearing a unique ncRNA profile, including major differences in composition by ncRNA class. We conclude that sEV ncRNA cargo varies according to biofluid, so thus should be carefully selected and interpreted when designing or contrasting translational or epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.,Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Damaris Kuhnell
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Glenn G Talaska
- Division of Environmental & Industrial Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Katherine A Burns
- Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Susan Kasper
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.,Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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222
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Haque S, Kodidela S, Gerth K, Hatami E, Verma N, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicles in Smoking-Mediated HIV Pathogenesis and their Potential Role in Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040864. [PMID: 32252352 PMCID: PMC7226815 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the mortality rate in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has decreased significantly, resulting in an almost normal longevity in this population. However, a large portion of this population still endures a poor quality of life, mostly due to an increased inclination for substance abuse, including tobacco smoking. The prevalence of smoking in PLWHA is consistently higher than in HIV negative persons. A predisposition to cigarette smoking in the setting of HIV potentially leads to exacerbated HIV replication and a higher risk for developing neurocognitive and other CNS disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been identified as mechanistic pathways in smoking-mediated HIV pathogenesis and HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), packaged with oxidative stress and inflammatory agents, show promise in understanding the underlying mechanisms of smoking-induced HIV pathogenesis via cell-cell interactions. This review focuses on recent advances in the field of EVs with an emphasis on smoking-mediated HIV pathogenesis and HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. This review also provides an overview of the potential applications of EVs in developing novel therapeutic carriers for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals who smoke, and in the discovery of novel biomarkers that are associated with HIV-smoking interactions in the CNS.
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223
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Shukla L, Yuan Y, Shayan R, Greening DW, Karnezis T. Fat Therapeutics: The Clinical Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Exosomes for Human Disease and Tissue Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:158. [PMID: 32194404 PMCID: PMC7062679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat grafting is a well-established surgical technique used in plastic surgery to restore deficient tissue, and more recently, for its putative regenerative properties. Despite more frequent use of fat grafting, however, a scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying either survival or remedial benefits of grafted fat remain lacking. Clinical use of fat grafts for breast reconstruction in tissues damaged by radiotherapy first provided clues regarding the clinical potential of stem cells to drive tissue regeneration. Healthy fat introduced into irradiated tissues appeared to reverse radiation injury (fibrosis, scarring, contracture and pain) clinically; a phenomenon since validated in several animal studies. In the quest to explain and enhance these therapeutic effects, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were suggested as playing a key role and techniques to enrich ADSCs in fat, in turn, followed. Stem cells - the body's rapid response 'road repair crew' - are on standby to combat tissue insults. ADSCs may exert influences either by releasing paracrine-signalling factors alone or as cell-free extracellular vesicles (EVs, exosomes). Alternatively, ADSCs may augment vital immune/inflammatory processes; or themselves differentiate into mature adipose cells to provide the 'building-blocks' for engineered tissue. Regardless, adipose tissue constitutes an ideal source for mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic application, due to ease of harvest and processing; and a relative abundance of adipose tissue in most patients. Here, we review the clinical applications of fat grafting, ADSC-enhanced fat graft, fat stem cell therapy; and the latest evolution of EVs and nanoparticles in healing, cancer and neurodegenerative and multiorgan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipi Shukla
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Plastic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Yinan Yuan
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramin Shayan
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Plastic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Plastic, Hand and Faciomaxillary Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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224
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Rokad D, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Exosomes as Mediators of Chemical-Induced Toxicity. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 6:73-79. [PMID: 31102182 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides information regarding how exosomes may contribute to environmental chemical-induced pathogenesis of chronic diseases. In connecting exosome biology to environmental toxicology and disease pathogenesis, we address vital questions regarding what constitutes exosomal cargo, how toxicants influence exosomal cargo, and how environmental stimuli influence exosomal physiological and pathological functions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in the field demonstrate that exosomal cargo changes depending on external stimuli, which has consequences for the microenvironment of recipient cells. Based on recent findings, it is evident that exosomal cargo comprises various biological molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid molecules. Misfolded proteins and miRNA are examples of exosomal cargo molecules that can be altered by toxicants, ultimately changing the microenvironment of recipient cells in ways that are conducive to pathological processes. It will be crucial to map out the key signaling pathways that toxicants target to modulate exosomal cargo and their release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmin Rokad
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1222 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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225
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Exosomes in triple negative breast cancer: Garbage disposals or Trojan horses? Cancer Lett 2020; 473:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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226
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Rapid and Efficient Isolation of Exosomes by Clustering and Scattering. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030650. [PMID: 32121214 PMCID: PMC7141250 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become important biomarkers of liquid biopsies for precision medicine. However, the clinical application of EVs has been limited due to the lack of EV isolation practical technology applicable to clinical environments. Here, we report an innovative EV isolation method, which is quick and simple, and facilitates high-yield and high-purity EV isolation from blood. Introducing a cationic polymer in plasma resulted in rapid clustering of anionic EVs and a chaotropic agent can separate EVs from these clusters. Isolated EVs were characterized in terms of size distribution, morphology, surface protein markers, and exosomal RNA. Through performance comparison with various methods, including ultracentrifugation (UC), the present method delivered the highest recovery rate (~20 folds that of UC) and purity ratio (3.5 folds that of UC) of EVs in a short period of time (<20 min). The proposed method is expected to be used in basic and applied research on EV isolation and in clinical applications.
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227
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RNA cargos in extracellular vesicles derived from blood serum in pancreas associated conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2800. [PMID: 32071328 PMCID: PMC7028741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles which are released from healthy and tumor cells into blood circulation. Unique biomolecular cargos such as RNA and protein are loaded in these vesicles. These molecules may have biological functions such as signaling, cell communications and have the potential to be analyzed as biomarkers. In this initial study, we describe the analysis of exosomes in the serum of healthy subjects, intraductal papillary mucosal neoplasms and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma including the characterization of their RNA cargos by next generation sequencing (EXO-NGS). Results indicate the presence of a wide variety of RNAs including mRNA, miRNA, lincRNA, tRNA and piRNA in these vesicles. Based on the differential mRNA expression observed upon EXO-NGS analysis, we independently evaluated two protein coding genes, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and transcription factor T-Box 3 (TBX3) by qRT-PCR for selective expression in the serum samples. Results indicate a variable expression pattern of these genes across serum samples between different study groups. Further, qRT-PCR analysis with the same serum exosomes processed for EXO-NGS, we observed two long non-coding RNAs, malat-1 and CRNDE to be variably expressed. Overall, our observations emphasize the potential value of different exosome components in distinguishing between healthy, premalignant and malignant conditions related to the pancreas.
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228
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Moncalvo F, Martinez Espinoza MI, Cellesi F. Nanosized Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Proteins: Clinically Validated Technologies and Advanced Development Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:89. [PMID: 32117952 PMCID: PMC7033645 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of protein therapeutics in healthcare is steadily increasing, due to advancements in the field of biotechnology and a deeper understanding of several pathologies. However, their safety and efficacy are often limited by instability, short half-life and immunogenicity. Nanodelivery systems are currently being investigated for overcoming these limitations and include covalent attachment of biocompatible polymers (PEG and other synthetic or naturally derived macromolecules) as well as protein nanoencapsulation in colloidal systems (liposomes and other lipid or polymeric nanocarriers). Such strategies have the potential to develop next-generation protein therapeutics. Herein, we review recent research progresses on these nanodelivery approaches, as well as future directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Cellesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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229
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Yin Q, Ji X, Lv R, Pei JJ, Du Y, Shen C, Hou X. Targetting Exosomes as a New Biomarker and Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:195-205. [PMID: 32103922 PMCID: PMC7025655 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s240400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly occurs in old age and involves progressive cognitive impairment. AD has become a major global issue for public health, with approximately 24 million people currently affected by the disease. Estimates indicted that this number will quadruple by 2050. Because of the high incidence of AD, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to diagnose and treat AD. Many recent studies have indicated the multiple, yet somewhat controversial, roles of exosomes in AD. Although the underlying mechanisms by which exosomes play a role in AD are still unknown, current evidence suggests that exosomes can carry and spread toxic amyloid-beta, and hyperphosphorylated tau, between cells, and then induce apoptosis, thus contributing to the loss of neurons. In addition, exosomes appear to possess the ability to reduce brain amyloid-beta, and tau hyperphosphorylation, and transfer neuroprotective substances between neural cells. The accumulating data brings hope that the application of exosomes may be helpful for early diagnostics and the identification of new therapeutic targets for AD. Here, we summarized the various roles of exosomes, and how they might relate to the pathogenesis of AD. We also highlight the potential application of exosomes as a therapeutic option in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Ji
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjun Lv
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jing Pei
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunyao Hou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
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230
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Zendrini A, Paolini L, Busatto S, Radeghieri A, Romano M, Wauben MHM, van Herwijnen MJC, Nejsum P, Borup A, Ridolfi A, Montis C, Bergese P. Augmented COlorimetric NANoplasmonic (CONAN) Method for Grading Purity and Determine Concentration of EV Microliter Volume Solutions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:452. [PMID: 32117903 PMCID: PMC7028770 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol paper describes how to assign a purity grade and to subsequently titrate extracellular vesicle (EV) solutions of a few microliters in volume by microplate COlorimetric NANoplasmonic (CONAN) assay. The CONAN assay consists of a solution of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into which the EV preparation is added. The solution turns blue if the EV preparation is pure, whereas it stays red if soluble exogenous single and aggregated proteins (SAPs; often referred to as protein contaminants) are present. The color change is visible by the naked eye or can be quantified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, providing an index of purity (a unique peculiarity to date). The assay specifically targets SAPs, and not the EV-related proteins, with a detection limit <50 ng/μl (an order of magnitude higher resolution than that of the Bradford protein assay). For pure solutions, the assay also allows for determining the EV number, as the color shift is linearly dependent on the AuNP/EV molar ratio. Instead, it automatically reports if the solution bears SAP contaminants, thus avoiding counting artifacts. The CONAN assay proves to be robust and reliable and displays very interesting performances in terms of cost (inexpensive reagents, run by standard microplate readers), working volumes (1–2 μl of sample required), and time (full procedure takes <1 h). The assay is applicable to all classes of natural and artificial lipid microvesicles and nanovesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Busatto
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Miriam Romano
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn J C van Herwijnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Borup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Bologna, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Materiali, Florence, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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231
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Shahir M, Mahmoud Hashemi S, Asadirad A, Varahram M, Kazempour-Dizaji M, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Adcock I, Mortaz E. Effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on the induction of mouse tolerogenic dendritic cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7043-7055. [PMID: 32043593 PMCID: PMC7496360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate innate inflammatory responses and adaptive immunity through T‐cell activation via direct cell–cell interactions and/or cytokine production. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) help maintain immunological tolerance through the induction of T‐cell unresponsiveness or apoptosis, and generation of regulatory T cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells located within the stroma of bone marrow (BM), but they can be isolated from virtually all organs. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes are released from inflammatory cells and act as messengers enabling communication between cells. To investigate the effects of MSC‐derived exosomes on the induction of mouse tolDCs, murine adipose‐derived MSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and exosomes isolated by ExoQuick‐TC kits. BM‐derived DCs (BMDCs) were prepared and cocultured with MSCs‐derived exosomes (100 μg/ml) for 72 hr. Mature BMDCs were derived by adding lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1μg/ml) at Day 8 for 24 hr. The study groups were divided into (a) immature DC (iDC, Ctrl), (b) iDC + exosome (Exo), (c) iDC + LPS (LPS), and (d) iDC + exosome + LPS (EXO + LPS). Expression of CD11c, CD83, CD86, CD40, and MHCII on DCs was analyzed at Day 9. DC proliferation was assessed by coculture with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester‐labeled BALB/C‐derived splenocytes p. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10, and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) release were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. MSC‐derived exosomes decrease DC surface marker expression in cells treated with LPS, compared with control cells ( ≤ .05). MSC‐derived exosomes decrease IL‐6 release but augment IL‐10 and TGF‐β release (p ≤ .05). Lymphocyte proliferation was decreased (p ≤ .05) in the presence of DCs treated with MSC‐derived exosomes. CMSC‐derived exosomes suppress the maturation of BMDCs, suggesting that they may be important modulators of DC‐induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Shahir
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asadirad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kazempour-Dizaji
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Immunology Platform for Specialized Nutrition, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Adcock
- Experimental Studies and Cell and Molecular Biology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Detection of Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 and Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Candidate in Non-DRE Urine Improves Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Chinese Population. Prostate Cancer 2020; 2020:3964615. [PMID: 32099679 PMCID: PMC7013283 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3964615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prostate biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, it also leads to high incidence of negative biopsies and the diagnosis of clinically low-risk prostate cancer and the subsequent overtreatment. It remains an unmet need to discover new biomarkers in order to defer the unnecessary biopsies in clinical practice. In this study, we described a new method, LBXexo score, to measure the urine exosomal PCA3/PRAC expression from non-DRE urine as a noninvasive diagnosis to improve the detection rate in Chinese population with a low serum PSA level. First-voided urine samples were collected to isolate exosomes, and exosomal RNAs of PCA3 and PRAC were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. A significant increase in exoPCA3/PRAC was observed in both any-grade and high-grade prostate cancer groups when compared with the biopsy-negative group. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the LBXexo score significantly improved diagnostic performance in predicting biopsy results, with AUCs of 0.723 (p=0.017) and 0.736 (p=0.038) for any-grade and high-grade (GS ≥ 7) prostate cancer, respectively. For high-grade cancer, LBXexo had the negative and positive predictive values of 100% and 27.59%, respectively, and could potentially avoid unnecessary biopsy. This is the first report in Chinese population that demonstrates the predictive value of the exosomal expression of PCA3 and PRAC derived from non-DRE urine in predicting prostate biopsy outcomes. It could be used in clinical practice to make a better informed biopsy decision and avoid unnecessary biopsies in Chinese population.
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233
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Chen Z, Yamaguchi H, Kameoka J. Development of size-selective microfluidic platform. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:5661-5664. [PMID: 31947137 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles that play a significant role in cell-cell communication. Recently, there is significant interest in exosome-related fundamental research, especially subgroups of exosomes as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this paper, we report a new size selective isolation method via elastic lift force and nanomembrane filtration and demonstrated the liposome recovery rate of 92.5% from a mixture solution of 1 μm polystyrene beads, 100 nm liposomes and proteins as a proof of concept for exosome isolation. This single microfluidic platform offers an improved approach with short processing time (<; 2 hours) and low cost, and shows potential broad applicability to cancer biomarker studies.
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234
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Apoptotic cell-derived exosomes: messages from dying cells. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1-6. [PMID: 31915368 PMCID: PMC7000698 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death that plays a key role in both healthy and pathological conditions, releases extracellular vesicles such as apoptotic bodies and microvesicles, but exosome release due to apoptosis is not yet commonly accepted. Here, the reports demonstrating the presence of apoptotic exosomes and their roles in inflammation and immune responses are summarized, together with a general summary of apoptosis and extracellular vesicles. In conclusion, apoptosis is not just a 'silent' type of cell death but an active form of communication from dying cells to live cells through exosomes.
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235
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Martínez-Rojas PP, Quiroz-García E, Monroy-Martínez V, Agredano-Moreno LT, Jiménez-García LF, Ruiz-Ordaz BH. Participation of Extracellular Vesicles from Zika-Virus-Infected Mosquito Cells in the Modification of Naïve Cells' Behavior by Mediating Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Viral Elements. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010123. [PMID: 31947958 PMCID: PMC7016930 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no safe vaccine or antivirals for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have been found. The pathogenesis of severe Zika, where host and viral factors participate, remains unclear. For the control of Zika, it is important to understand how ZIKV interacts with different host cells. Knowledge of the targeted cellular pathways which allow ZIKV to productively replicate and/or establish prolonged viral persistence contributes to novel vaccines and therapies. Monocytes and endothelial vascular cells are the main ZIKV targets. During the infection process, cells are capable of releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are mediators of intercellular communication. We found that mosquito EVs released from ZIKV-infected (C6/36) cells carry viral RNA and ZIKV-E protein and are able to infect and activate naïve mosquito and mammalian cells. ZIKV C6/36 EVs promote the differentiation of naïve monocytes and induce a pro-inflammatory state with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression. ZIKV C6/36 EVs participate in endothelial vascular cell damage by inducing coagulation (TF) and inflammation (PAR-1) receptors at the endothelial surface of the cell membranes and promote a pro-inflammatory state with increased endothelial permeability. These data suggest that ZIKV C6/36 EVs may contribute to the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection in human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pablo Martínez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Elizabeth Quiroz-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Verónica Monroy-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Lourdes Teresa Agredano-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Blanca H. Ruiz-Ordaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +521-55-56228931
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236
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Sen K, Sheppe AEF, Singh I, Hui WW, Edelmann MJ, Rinaldi C. Exosomes released by breast cancer cells under mild hyperthermic stress possess immunogenic potential and modulate polarization in vitro in macrophages. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 37:696-710. [PMID: 32568583 PMCID: PMC8694666 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1778800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a dual role in tumor initiation and progression, with both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive effects; hence, it is essential to understand the distinct responses of macrophages to tumor progression and therapy. Mild hyperthermia has gained importance as a therapeutic regimen against cancer due to its immunogenic nature, efficacy, and potential synergy with other therapies, yet the response of macrophages to molecular signals from hyperthermic cancer cells has not yet been clearly defined. Due to limited response rate of breast cancer to conventional therapeutics the development, and understanding of alternative therapies like hyperthermia is pertinent. In order to determine conditions corresponding to mild thermal dose, cytotoxicity of different hyperthermic temperatures and treatment durations were tested in normal murine macrophages and breast cancer cell lines. Examination of exosome release in hyperthermia-treated cancer cells revealed enhanced efflux and a larger size of exosomes released under hyperthermic stress. Exposure of naïve murine macrophages to exosomes released from 4T1 and EMT-6 cells posthyperthermia treatment, led to an increased expression of specific macrophage activation markers. Further, exosomes released by hyperthermia-treated cancer cells had increased content of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Together, these results suggest a potential immunogenic role for exosomes released from cancer cells treated with mild hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacoli Sen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Austin E. F. Sheppe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Ishita Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Winnie W. Hui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Mariola J. Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Carlos Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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237
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Wang H, Wan K, Zhou Y, He X, He D, Cheng H, Huang J, Jia R, Wang K. A three-dimensional multipedal DNA walker for the ultrasensitive detection of tumor exosomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12949-12952. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04360e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) multipedal DNA walker based on aptamer-binding for ultrasensitive exosome sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Kejing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Yue Zhou
- Hunan Branch Center
- National Tissue Engineering Center of China
- Translational Medical Center
- Central Laboratory
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Dinggeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Ruichen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
| | - Kemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Biology
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province
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238
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Chang YT, Peng HY, Hu CM, Huang SC, Tien SC, Jeng YM. Pancreatic cancer-derived small extracellular vesical Ezrin regulates macrophage polarization and promotes metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:12-37. [PMID: 32064151 PMCID: PMC7017748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate the interaction between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This study aims to demonstrate that the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-derived sEV Ezrin (sEV-EZR) could modulate macrophage polarization and promote PDAC metastasis. We isolated PDAC-derived sEVs and plasma sEVs from PDAC patients. Human blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages were treated with PDAC-derived sEVs or the counterpart depleted Ezrin (EZR) with shRNA-mediated knockdown. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry to monitor macrophages polarization. NOD/SCID/IL2Rγnull mice were treated with sEVs to study PDAC liver metastasis. The plasma sEV-EZR levels of 165 PDAC patients and 151 high-risk controls were analyzed. The EZR levels are higher in sEVs derived from PDAC cells and PDAC-patient plasma than that of the normal controls. PDAC-derived sEVs modulate the polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype, while PDAC-shEZR-derived sEVs polarize macrophages into M1 phenotype. We found an increase in M1 TAMs and a decrease in M2 TAMs in orthotropic tumors treated with PDAC-shEZR-derived sEVs. The amount of liver metastasis in PDAC-shEZR-derived sEVs-treated mice was observed to be smaller than that of controls. The mean plasma sEV-EZR levels from PDAC patients were significantly higher than those from the controls (32.43±20.78 vs. 21.88±11.43 pg/ml; P<0.0001). The overall survival in the high-plasma sEV-EZR patients was significantly shorter than that in the low-EZR group (6.94±15.25 vs. 9.63±15.11 months; P=0.0418). sEV-EZR could modulate macrophage polarization and promote metastasis in PDAC. Targeting sEV-EZR can be considered a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit PDAC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Sui-Chi Tien
- Genomics Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
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239
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Jiménez-Alesanco A, Marcuello M, Pastor-Jiménez M, López-Puerto L, Bonjoch L, Gironella M, Carrascal M, Abian J, de-Madaria E, Closa D. Acute pancreatitis promotes the generation of two different exosome populations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19887. [PMID: 31882721 PMCID: PMC6934470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that act as intercellular messengers. Previous studies revealed that, during acute pancreatitis, circulating exosomes could reach the alveolar compartment and activate macrophages. However, proteomic analysis suggested that the most likely origin of these exosomes could be the liver instead of the pancreas. The present study aimed to characterize the exosomes released by pancreas to pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid (PAAF) as well as those circulating in plasma in an experimental model of taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. We provide evidence that during acute pancreatitis two different populations of exosomes are generated with relevant differences in cell distribution, protein and microRNA content as well as different implications in their physiological effects. During pancreatitis plasma exosomes, but not PAAF exosomes, are enriched in the inflammatory miR-155 and show low levels of miR-21 and miR-122. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis showed that PAAF exosomes contains 10–30 fold higher loading of histones and ribosomal proteins compared to plasma exosomes. Finally, plasma exosomes have higher pro-inflammatory activity on macrophages than PAAF exosomes. These results confirm the generation of two different populations of exosomes during acute pancreatitis. Deep understanding of their specific functions will be necessary to use them as therapeutic targets at different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jiménez-Alesanco
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Marcuello
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)-IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pastor-Jiménez
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L López-Puerto
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Bonjoch
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gironella
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)-IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carrascal
- Proteomics Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CSIC/UAB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Abian
- Proteomics Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (CSIC/UAB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E de-Madaria
- Pancreatic Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL - Fundación FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - D Closa
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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240
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Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Microglial-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Composition. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040297. [PMID: 31847332 PMCID: PMC6963293 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The packaging of molecular constituents inside extracellular vesicles (EVs) allows them to participate in intercellular communication and the transfer of biological molecules, however the role of EVs during bacterial infection is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection on the biogenesis and composition of EVs derived from the mouse microglia cell line, BV-2. BV-2 cells were cultured in exosome-free media and infected with 0, 1.3 × 104, or 2.6 × 104 colony forming units per milliliter P. aeruginosa for 72 h. The results indicated that compared with the control group, BV-2 cell viability significantly decreased after P. aeruginosa infection and BV-2-derived EVs concentration decreased significantly in the P. aeruginosa-infected group. P. aeruginosa infection significantly decreased chemokine ligand 4 messenger RNA in BV-2-derived infected EVs, compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). This study also revealed that heat shock protein 70 (p ≤ 0.05) and heat shock protein 90β (p ≤ 0.001) levels of expression within EVs increased after P. aeruginosa infection. EV treatment with EVs derived from P. aeruginosa infection reduced cell viability of BV-2 cells. P. aeruginosa infection alters the expression of specific proteins and mRNA in EVs. Our study suggests that P. aeruginosa infection modulates EV biogenesis and composition, which may influence bacterial pathogenesis and infection.
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241
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Containing Xenobiotic Metabolizing CYP Enzymes and Their Potential Roles in Extrahepatic Cells Via Cell-Cell Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246178. [PMID: 31817878 PMCID: PMC6940889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes is known to metabolize the majority of xenobiotics. Hepatocytes, powerhouses of CYP enzymes, are where most drugs are metabolized into non-toxic metabolites. Additional tissues/cells such as gut, kidneys, lungs, blood, and brain cells express selective CYP enzymes. Extrahepatic CYP enzymes, especially in kidneys, also metabolize drugs into excretable forms. However, extrahepatic cells express a much lower level of CYPs than hepatocytes. It is possible that the liver secretes CYP enzymes, which circulate via plasma and are eventually delivered to extrahepatic cells (e.g., brain cells). CYP circulation likely occurs via extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry important biomolecules for delivery to distant cells. Recent studies have revealed an abundance of several CYPs in plasma EVs and other cell-derived EVs, and have demonstrated the role of CYP-containing EVs in xenobiotic-induced toxicity via cell–cell interactions. Thus, it is important to study the mechanism for packaging CYP into EVs, their circulation via plasma, and their role in extrahepatic cells. Future studies could help to find novel EV biomarkers and help to utilize EVs in novel interventions via CYP-containing EV drug delivery. This review mainly covers the abundance of CYPs in plasma EVs and EVs derived from CYP-expressing cells, as well as the potential role of EV CYPs in cell–cell communication and their application with respect to novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
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242
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Chen SL, Chen CY, Hsieh JCH, Yu ZY, Cheng SJ, Hsieh KY, Yang JW, Kumar PV, Lin SF, Chen GY. Graphene Oxide-Based Biosensors for Liquid Biopsies in Cancer Diagnosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1725. [PMID: 31816919 PMCID: PMC6956293 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies use blood or urine as test samples, which are able to be continuously collected in a non-invasive manner. The analysis of cancer-related biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNA, and exosomes provides important information in early cancer diagnosis, tumor metastasis detection, and postoperative recurrence monitoring assist with clinical diagnosis. However, low concentrations of some tumor markers, such as CTCs, ctDNA, and microRNA, in the blood limit its applications in clinical detection and analysis. Nanomaterials based on graphene oxide have good physicochemical properties and are now widely used in biomedical detection technologies. These materials have properties including good hydrophilicity, mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and optical performance. Moreover, utilizing graphene oxide as a biosensor interface has effectively improved the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors for cancer detection. In this review, we discuss various cancer detection technologies regarding graphene oxide and discuss the prospects and challenges of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiue-Luen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chong-You Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Linkou), Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Zih-Yu Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
| | - Sheng-Jen Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Yu Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Shien-Fong Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (S.-L.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Z.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (K.Y.H.); (J.-W.Y.); (S.-F.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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243
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Lennon KM, Wakefield DL, Maddox AL, Brehove MS, Willner AN, Garcia-Mansfield K, Meechoovet B, Reiman R, Hutchins E, Miller MM, Goel A, Pirrotte P, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Jovanovic-Talisman T. Single molecule characterization of individual extracellular vesicles from pancreatic cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1685634. [PMID: 31741725 PMCID: PMC6844376 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1685634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofluid-accessible extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a new means to improve the sensitivity and specificity of detecting disease. However, current methods to isolate EVs encounter challenges when they are used to select specific populations. Moreover, it has been difficult to comprehensively characterize heterogeneous EV populations at the single vesicle level. Here, we robustly assessed heterogeneous EV populations from cultured cell lines via nanoparticle tracking analysis, proteomics, transcriptomics, transmission electron microscopy, and quantitative single molecule localization microscopy (qSMLM). Using qSMLM, we quantified the size and biomarker content of individual EVs. We applied qSMLM to patient plasma samples and identified a pancreatic cancer-enriched EV population. Our goal is to advance single molecule characterization of EVs for early disease detection. Abbreviations: EV: Extracellular Vesicle; qSMLM: quantitative Single Molecule Localization Microscopy; PDAC: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor 1; CA19-9: carbohydrate antigen 19-9; SEC: size exclusion chromatography; WGA: wheat germ agglutinin; AF647: Alexa Fluor 647; Ab: antibody; HPDEC: Healthy Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cell; TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Devin L Wakefield
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Brehove
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ari N Willner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Krystine Garcia-Mansfield
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bessie Meechoovet
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hutchins
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marcia M Miller
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Noninvasive Diagnostics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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244
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Medhat D, Rodríguez CI, Infante A. Immunomodulatory Effects of MSCs in Bone Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215467. [PMID: 31684035 PMCID: PMC6862454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into multilineage cells, thus making them a significant prospect as a cell source for regenerative therapy; however, the differentiation capacity of MSCs into osteoblasts seems to not be the main mechanism responsible for the benefits associated with human mesenchymal stem cells hMSCs when used in cell therapy approaches. The process of bone fracture restoration starts with an instant inflammatory reaction, as the innate immune system responds with cytokines that enhance and activate many cell types, including MSCs, at the site of the injury. In this review, we address the influence of MSCs on the immune system in fracture repair and osteogenesis. This paradigm offers a means of distinguishing target bone diseases to be treated with MSC therapy to enhance bone repair by targeting the crosstalk between MSCs and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Medhat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Clara I Rodríguez
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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245
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Fan Z, Xiao K, Lin J, Liao Y, Huang X. Functionalized DNA Enables Programming Exosomes/Vesicles for Tumor Imaging and Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903761. [PMID: 31614072 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes serve as significant information carriers that regulate important physiological and pathological processes. Herein, functionalized DNA is engineered to be a hinge that anchors quantum dots (QDs) onto the surface of exosomes, realizing a moderate and biocompatible labeling strategy. The QDs-labeled exosomes (exosome-DNA-QDs complex) can be swiftly engulfed by tumor cells, indicating that exosome-DNA-QDs can be applied as a specific agent for tumor labeling. Furthermore, the engineered artificial vesicles of M1 macrophages (M1mv) are constructed via a pneumatic liposome extruder. The results reveal that the individual M1mv can kill tumor cells and realize desirable biological treatment. To reinforce the antitumor efficacy of M1mv and the specificity of drug release, a target-triggered drug delivery system is constructed to realize a specific microRNA-responded delivery system for visual therapy of tumors. These strategies facilitate moderate labeling and functionalization of exosomes/vesicles and construct artificial drug-delivery vesicles that simultaneously possess biological treatment and chemotherapy functions, and thus have the potential to serve as a new paradigm for tumor labeling and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Fan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Keng Xiao
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jingyan Lin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
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246
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Arya R, Dabral D, Faruquee HM, Mazumdar H, Patgiri SJ, Deka T, Basumatary R, Kupa RU, Semy C, Kapfo W, Liegise K, Kaur I, Choedon T, Kumar P, Behera RK, Deori P, Nath R, Khalo K, Saikia L, Khamo V, Nanda RK. Serum Small Extracellular Vesicles Proteome of Tuberculosis Patients Demonstrated Deregulated Immune Response. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 14:e1900062. [PMID: 31532894 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Detailed understanding of host pathogen interaction in tuberculosis is an important avenue for identifying novel therapeutic targets. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes that are rich in proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, act as messengers and may show altered composition in disease conditions. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this case control study, small EVs are isolated from serum of 58 subjects (all male, 33 (15-70) in years) including drug naïve active tuberculosis (ATB: n = 22), non-tuberculosis (NTB: n = 18), and healthy subjects (n = 18). Serum small EVs proteome analysis is carried out using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) experiments and an independent sample (n = 36) is used for validation. RESULTS A set of 132 and 68 proteins are identified in iTRAQ-I (ATB/Healthy) and iTRAQ-II (ATB/NTB) experiments, respectively. Four proteins (KYAT3, SERPINA1, HP, and APOC3) show deregulation (log2 -fold change > ±0.48, p < 0.05) in ATB with respect to healthy controls and Western blot data corroborated mass spectrometry findings. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These important proteins, involved in neutrophil degranulation, plasma heme scavenging, kynurenine, and lipid metabolism, show deregulation in ATB patients. Identification of such a protein panel in circulating small EVs besides providing novel insights into their role in tuberculosis may prove to be useful targets to develop host-directed therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Arya
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.,School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, 768019, India
| | - Deepti Dabral
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Molecular Physiology, and Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Hossain Md Faruquee
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Himangshu Mazumdar
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (ICMR), Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India
| | - Saurav Jyoti Patgiri
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (ICMR), Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India.,Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (ICMR), Post Box No.105, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786 001, India
| | - Trinayan Deka
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India
| | - Rumi Basumatary
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India
| | - Rukuwe-U Kupa
- Healthcare Laboratory and Research Centre, Nagaland Hospital Authority Kohima, Kohima, Nagaland, 797001, India
| | - Chayale Semy
- Healthcare Laboratory and Research Centre, Nagaland Hospital Authority Kohima, Kohima, Nagaland, 797001, India
| | - Wetetsho Kapfo
- Healthcare Laboratory and Research Centre, Nagaland Hospital Authority Kohima, Kohima, Nagaland, 797001, India
| | - Kevideme Liegise
- Healthcare Laboratory and Research Centre, Nagaland Hospital Authority Kohima, Kohima, Nagaland, 797001, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Malaria Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Tenzin Choedon
- Transcriptional Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Purnima Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Pranjal Deori
- Department of TB and Chest Disease, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India
| | - Reema Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India
| | - Kerekha Khalo
- Department of Microbiology, Nagaland Hospital Authority Kohima, Kohima, Nagaland, 797001, India
| | - Lahari Saikia
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (ICMR), Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India.,Department of Microbiology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786002, India.,Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Vinotsole Khamo
- Healthcare Laboratory and Research Centre, Nagaland Hospital Authority Kohima, Kohima, Nagaland, 797001, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
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247
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Takeno T, Hasegawa T, Hasegawa H, Ueno Y, Hamataka R, Nakajima A, Okubo J, Sato K, Sakamaki T. MicroRNA-205-5p inhibits three-dimensional spheroid proliferation of ErbB2-overexpressing breast epithelial cells through direct targeting of CLCN3. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7799. [PMID: 31608175 PMCID: PMC6788438 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that microRNA-205-5p (miR-205-5p) is significantly decreased in the ErbB2-overexpressing breast epithelial cell line MCF10A-ErbB2 compared with control cells. In this study, we identified a direct target of miR-205-5p, chloride voltage-gated channel 3 (CLCN3). CLCN3 expression was induced by ErbB2 overexpression; this induced expression was then reduced to control levels by the transfection of the miR-205-5p precursor. In RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation with Ago1/2/3 antibody, CLCN3 was significantly enriched in 293T embryonic kidney cells with miR-205-5p mimic transfection compared with negative control mimic transfection. In luciferase reporter assays using CLCN3 3'-UTR constructs, the miR-205-5p mimic significantly decreased reporter activity of both wild-type and partial mutant constructs in MCF10A-ErbB2 cells. In contrast, no inhibitory effects of the miR-205-5p mimic were detected using the complete mutant constructs. Since miR-205-5p expression in exosomes derived from MCF10A-neo cells was substantially higher than in exosomes derived from MCF10A-ErbB2 cells, we next investigated whether an exosome-mediated miR-205-5p transfer could control CLCN3 expression. To this end, exosomal miR-205-5p derived from MCF10A-neo cells was functionally transferred to MCF10A-ErbB2 cells, which served to decrease the expression of CLCN3. To assess the roles of CLCN3 in breast cancer, we next performed three-dimensional (3D) spheroid proliferation analyses using MCF10A-ErbB2 cells treated with MCF10A-neo-derived exosomes or CLCN3 shRNA stably expressing SKBR3 and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. Our results showed that both treatment with MCF10A-neo-derived exosome and CLCN3 shRNA expression suppressed 3D spheroid proliferation. Collectively, these novel findings suggest that CLCN3 may be a novel direct target of miR-205-5p and this CLCN3/miR-205-5p interaction may serve a pivotal role in regulating breast cancer cellular proliferation under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Takeno
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takuya Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ueno
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamataka
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Aya Nakajima
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Junji Okubo
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakamaki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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248
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Jones LB, Kumar S, Curry AJ, Price JS, Krendelchtchikov A, Crenshaw BJ, Bell CR, Williams SD, Tolliver TA, Saldanha SN, Sims B, Matthews QL. Alcohol Exposure Impacts the Composition of HeLa-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7040078. [PMID: 31574936 PMCID: PMC6966524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nanosized vesicles that are under intense investigation for their role in intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles have begun to be examined for their role in disease protection and their role as disease biomarkers and/or vaccine agents. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol exposure on the biogenesis and composition of extracellular vesicles derived from the cervical cancer line, HeLa. The HeLa cells were cultured in exosome-free media and were either mock-treated (control) or treated with 50 mM or 100 mM of alcohol for 24 h and 48 h. Our results demonstrated that alcohol significantly impacts HeLa cell viability and exosome biogenesis/composition. Importantly, our studies demonstrate the critical role of alcohol on HeLa cells, as well as HeLa-derived extracellular vesicle biogenesis and composition. Specifically, these results indicate that alcohol alters extracellular vesicles’ packaging of heat shock proteins and apoptotic proteins. Extracellular vesicles serve as communicators for HeLa cells, as well as biomarkers for the initiation and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra B Jones
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Aliyah J Curry
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Jayde S Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Alexandre Krendelchtchikov
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Brennetta J Crenshaw
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Courtnee' R Bell
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Sparkle D Williams
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Tambre A Tolliver
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Sabita N Saldanha
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Brian Sims
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Qiana L Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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249
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Khalaj K, Miller JE, Lingegowda H, Fazleabas AT, Young SL, Lessey BA, Koti M, Tayade C. Extracellular vesicles from endometriosis patients are characterized by a unique miRNA-lncRNA signature. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128846. [PMID: 31534048 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With multifactorial etiologies, combined with disease heterogeneity and a lack of suitable diagnostic markers and therapy, endometriosis remains a major reproductive health challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as major contributors of disease progression in several conditions, including a variety of cancers; however, their role in endometriosis pathophysiology has remained elusive. Using next-generation sequencing of EVs obtained from endometriosis patient tissues and plasma samples compared with controls, we have documented that patient EVs carry unique signatures of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) reflecting their contribution to disease pathophysiology. Mass spectrophotometry-based proteomic analysis of EVs from patient plasma and peritoneal fluid further revealed enrichment of specific pathways, as well as altered immune and metabolic processes. Functional studies in endometriotic epithelial and endothelial cell lines using EVs from patient plasma and controls clearly indicate autocrine uptake and paracrine cell proliferative roles, suggestive of their involvement in endometriosis. Multiplex cytokine analysis of cell supernatants in response to patient and control plasma-derived EVs indicate robust signatures of important inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines known to be involved in disease progression. Collectively, these findings suggest that endometriosis-associated EVs carry unique cargo and contribute to disease pathophysiology by influencing inflammation, angiogenesis, and proliferation within the endometriotic lesion microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Khalaj
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica E Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce A Lessey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health Systems, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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250
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Li C, He H, Wang J, Xia X, Zhang M, Wu Q. Possible roles of exosomal miRNAs in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5313-5323. [PMID: 31632512 PMCID: PMC6789246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of oral lichen planus have not achieved a consensus yet. This study aimed to explore the possible roles of exosomal miRNAs in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Bioactive components from exosomes regulate intercellular communications that may be closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases, including oral lichen planus. Further, exosomes are expected to be a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of oral lichen planus. In this study, new advanced views about the biological characteristics, clinical significance, and involvement of exosomes in oral lichen planus were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University395 Yanan Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong He
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University395 Yanan Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaqin Wang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University395 Yanan Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinyu Xia
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University395 Yanan Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengyun Zhang
- Zhenjiang Stomatology HospitalZhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingzhu Wu
- Haishu Stomatology HospitalNingbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
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