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Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Outdoor Exercise Trips During the COVID-19 Lockdown. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROCEDIA 2022. [PMCID: PMC8915787 DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2022.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We employ a state-of-the-art modelling framework to determine the significant factors affecting rates of outdoor exercise trips during Scotland’s COVID-19 lockdown, using data from public surveys conducted by Transport Scotland. The random parameters ordered probit modelling approach is used for its ability to account for the potential effect of unobserved heterogeneity stemming from explanatory variables. The framework is extended further to also allow for detection of heterogeneity among the means of random parameters. We show that various sociodemographic factors (relating mainly to household social grade, employment status and disability) significantly influenced the frequency at which outdoor exercise trips were made during lockdown. Specifically, those who are self-employed, those from a social DE household (the household’s main income earner is employed in a manual occupation or is unemployed) and those with a health problem or disability, were shown to be significantly more likely to complete no outdoor exercise during lockdown, and therefore, these groups are at greater risk of the associated mental and physical illnesses. Model results are linked to issues surrounding transport equity, as personal vehicle ownership was found to significantly affect the rate of outdoor exercise trips made by disabled individuals. Policy implications are discussed with regards to mitigating the effects of the pandemic on the future health state of groups exhibiting low exercise levels.
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252
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Pontes Júnior FL, Villar R, Santos GFD, Zago AS, Beltrame T, Bocalini DS. Efeitos de um programa de exercícios remoto em ambiente domiciliar na capacidade funcional e a percepção da solidão em idosos socialmente isolados durante a covid-19. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562022025.220073.pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Determinar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico remoto realizado em ambiente domiciliar na capacidade funcional e percepção de solidão de idosos socialmente isolados, devido a pandemia da covid-19. Método Vinte e nove (29) idosos foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: (1) grupo controle (GC) e grupo de exercício em ambiente domiciliar (GEAD). A força muscular dos membros inferiores, a capacidade funcional e a percepção de solidão foram avaliadas no início (pré-teste), 4 semanas e 8 semanas (pós-teste). As avaliações consistiram no teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira (TSL), teste de velocidade de marcha (TVM), Timed Up and Go (TUG) e teste de percepção de solidão (TPS). Resultados O número de repetições durante o TSL foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos (GC vs. GEAD, p=0,006 e entre os momentos (Pré vs. 4S vs. 8S, p=0,043.). No teste de TUG, dentro do GC, o momento pré foi estatisticamente menor em relação ao momento de 8 semanas (p<0,021), indicando maior tempo para completar o TUG (pré 12,0±5,9 s vs. 8W 12,7±6,5 s). Essa mesma comparação não foi estatisticamente diferente dentro do GEAD. Não houve diferenças estatísticas no TVM e TPS entre os grupos e entre os momentos. Conclusão O programa de exercício domiciliar melhorou a capacidade funcional após 8 semanas de treinamento, mas a percepção de solidão e o teste de velocidade de marcha não foram afetados pelo programa de exercícios físico remoto em idosos isolados devido à pandemia de covid-19.
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Pontes Júnior FL, Villar R, Santos GFD, Zago AS, Beltrame T, Bocalini DS. Effects of remote home-based exercise program on functional capacity and perceived loneliness in older adults during COVID-19 lockdown. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562022025.220073.en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective to determine the effects of a simple home-based exercise program on functional capacity and perceived loneliness of older adults in lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Twenty-nine volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: (1) control group (CG); and (2) home-based exercise group (HBEG). Lower limb muscle strength, functional capacity, and perceived loneliness were assessed at baseline (pre-test), 4 weeks, and 8 weeks (post-test) using the Chair Standing Test (CST), Gait Speed Test (GST), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and Perceived Loneliness Scale (PLS). Results The number of repetitions on the CST differed statistically between the groups (CG vs. HBEP, p=0.006) and among timepoints (Pre vs. 4W vs. 8W, p=0.043.). In the CG group, TUG test completion time was statistically lower at baseline than at 8 weeks (p=0.021) (pre 12.0±5.9 s vs. 8W 12.7±6.5 s). There was no statistical difference in TUG time in the HBEG. No statistical differences were found on the GST and PSL between groups or among timepoints. Conclusion The home-based exercise program improved general functional capacity after 8 weeks of training, but perceived loneliness and gait speed were unchanged in the older adults experiencing lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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254
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Arena R, Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Lavie CJ. A tale of two pandemics revisited: Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior and poor COVID-19 outcomes reside in the same Syndemic City. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 71:69-71. [PMID: 34826425 PMCID: PMC8616569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL – PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America,Corresponding author at: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor Street (MC 898), Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Grenita Hall
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL – PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Deepika R. Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL – PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shane A. Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America,Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL – PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL – PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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255
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Stratton CSM, Fagher K, Li X, Ottesen TD, Tuakli-Wosornu YA. Blind sports’ blind spot: The global epidemiology of visual impairment against participation trends in elite blind para sport. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2022; 9:20556683221122276. [PMID: 36061585 PMCID: PMC9434663 DOI: 10.1177/20556683221122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It remains unknown whether access to elite blind sports
opportunities is globally balanced or matches the prevalence of blindness/visual
impairment (VI). The primary objective of this study was to determine the rate
of elite blind sports participation in each world region registered in the
International Blind Sports Federation’s (IBSA) and to assess its association
with the global and regional prevalence of blindness/VI. The secondary objective
was to determine the association between other covariates, such as age, vision
class, and sex, with the number of IBSA-registered athletes from each
region. Methods: A baseline estimate of blindness/VI data was established
and used when comparing participation rates to blindness/VI rates. Descriptive
statistics were used to describe sports participation and associated
co-variates. Results: Among 123 member countries registered in IBSA, 31 did not
have any completed registrations in blind sports, of which 22 had a prevalence
of blindness/VI higher than the global average. During the summer season 2019,
738 (29.52%) IBSA athletes were female and 1762 (70.48%) were male. Conclusions: These results suggest elite blind/VI sport
participation is limited independently from blindness/VI prevalence. Increasing
blind-friendly sport resources, especially in low-and-middle-income countries
(LMICs), would improve the rate of elite sport participation among athletes with
blindness/VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S M Stratton
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristina Fagher
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Carey Law School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor D Ottesen
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Harvard Combined Orthopedic Residency Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yetsa A Tuakli-Wosornu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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256
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Gesteiro E, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, García-Centeno MDC, Escobar-Toledo D, Mañas A, Pérez-Gómez J, Gusi N, Gómez-Cabello A, Ara I, Casajús JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G, González-Gross M. Self-Reported Sleeping Time Effects on Physical Performance and Body Composition Among Spanish Older Adults: EXERNET-Elder 3.0 study. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221125359. [PMID: 36157520 PMCID: PMC9490466 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221125359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the link between physical fitness and body composition with nocturnal and nap time in Spanish older adults. Methods: Eight hundred thirty older adults underwent several tests. Sleep was measured using Jenkins Sleep Scale. Nocturnal sleep was categorized (<7, 7-9, and >9 hours), and nap time (no nap, 1-30 minutes, and >30 minutes).Physical fitness was evaluated using validated tests, and body composition by electric bioimpedance. Results: 75.1% of participants were female, mean age 77.7 ± 5.1 years. Mean nocturnal sleep and nap time was 6.7 hours and 23.3 minutes, respectively. Models showed nocturnal sleep >9 hours was significant and positively associated with body shape index (Odds ratio[OR] = 4.07 (p = .011)) and waist circumference OR = 1.04 (p = .024) in females. Males' waist and hip circumference were positively significantly related to nap time between 1 and 30 minutes, OR = 1.08, p = .009 and OR = 1.08, p = .048, respectively. In females, nap time >30 minutes was associated with greater fat mass and body shape index OR = 1.22, p = .032 and OR = 3.95, p = .027, respectively. Physical fitness showed no associations with sleep outcomes. Conclusions: Sleep patterns do not influence physical fitness but body composition, being more related to female body composition as nocturnal and nap sleep were associated with higher fat mass, waist circumference and body shape index, while only short nap times were related to higher waist and hip circumference in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gesteiro
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Asier Mañas
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.,International Institute for Aging, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alba Gómez-Cabello
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Casajús
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud (EXERNET), Spain.,Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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257
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Lin II, Chen YL, Chuang LL. Test-Retest Reliability of Home-Based Fitness Assessments Using a Mobile App (R Plus Health) in Healthy Adults: Prospective Quantitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e28040. [PMID: 34657835 PMCID: PMC8701670 DOI: 10.2196/28040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor physical fitness has a negative impact on overall health status. An increasing number of health-related mobile apps have emerged to reduce the burden of medical care and the inconvenience of long-distance travel. However, few studies have been conducted on home-based fitness tests using apps. Insufficient monitoring of physiological signals during fitness assessments have been noted. Therefore, we developed R Plus Health, a digital health app that incorporates all the components of a fitness assessment with concomitant physiological signal monitoring. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the test-retest reliability of home-based fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app in healthy adults. METHODS A total of 31 healthy young adults self-executed 2 fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app, with a 2- to 3-day interval between assessments. The fitness assessments included cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, flexibility, mobility, and balance tests. The intraclass correlation coefficient was computed as a measure of the relative reliability of the fitness assessments and determined their consistency. The SE of measurement, smallest real difference at a 90% CI, and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess agreement, sensitivity to real change, and systematic bias detection, respectively. RESULTS The relative reliability of the fitness assessments using R Plus Health was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.8-0.99 for raw scores, 0.69-0.99 for converted scores). The SE of measurement and smallest real difference at a 90% CI were 1.44-6.91 and 3.36-16.11, respectively, in all fitness assessments. The 95% CI of the mean difference indicated no significant systematic error between the assessments for the strength and balance tests. The Bland-Altman analyses revealed no significant systematic bias between the assessments for all tests, with a few outliers. The Bland-Altman plots illustrated narrow limits of agreement for upper extremity strength, abdominal strength, and right leg stance tests, indicating good agreement between the 2 assessments. CONCLUSIONS Home-based fitness assessments using the R Plus Health app were reliable and feasible in young, healthy adults. The results of the fitness assessments can offer a comprehensive understanding of general health status and help prescribe safe and suitable exercise training regimens. In future work, the app will be tested in different populations (eg, patients with chronic diseases or users with poor fitness), and the results will be compared with clinical test results. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000030905; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=50229.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-I Lin
- Recovery Plus Inc, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Li-Ling Chuang
- School of Physical Therapy & Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Semple T, Fountas G, Fonzone A. Trips for outdoor exercise at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2021; 23:101280. [PMID: 34692413 PMCID: PMC8526177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2021.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had exceptional effects on travel behaviour in the UK. This paper focuses specifically on the outdoor exercise trips of Scottish residents at several distinct points of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the negative health consequences of limited exercise, this study aims to determine the sociodemographic and behavioural factors affecting frequency of outdoor exercise trips. METHODS Using recent public survey data (n=6000), random parameters ordered probit models (with allowances for heterogeneity in the means of random parameters) are estimated for three points during the pandemic: the most stringent lockdown, modest restriction easing and further easing of restrictions. RESULTS The survey data show frequent outdoor exercise in the early stages of the pandemic, with ∼46% making six or more weekly trips during lockdown, reducing to ∼39% during the first phase of restriction easing, and further to ∼34% during the following phase of easing. The model estimations show that common factors, dominated by socioeconomic and demographic variables, influenced the frequency of outdoor exercise trips across most survey groups. The modelling framework also allowed insights into the impact of unobserved characteristics within several independent variables; for example, the lockdown exercise trip rates of those with a health problem or disability, and those over 65, were both found to be dependent on personal vehicle access. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that those with a health problem or disability, those who live in households' where the main income earner is employed in a semi-skilled/unskilled manual occupation or is unemployed and ethnic minority groups (i.e., any mixed, Asian, or Black background) were significantly more likely to complete no weekly outdoor exercise trips throughout the pandemic. As a result, we suggest that these groups are at higher risk of the negative health consequences associated with limited physical activity. Policy implications are discussed in terms of mitigating this effect, as well as reducing transport inequity related to vehicle access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torran Semple
- Transport Research Institute, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH10 5DT, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Grigorios Fountas
- Transport Research Institute, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH10 5DT, United Kingdom
| | - Achille Fonzone
- Transport Research Institute, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH10 5DT, United Kingdom
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Yang P, Yu Q, Montag C, Becker B, Cheval B, Herold F, Delphine C, Li J, Szabo A, Zou L. Validation of the Chinese Version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R). Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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260
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Abokyi S, Mensah SN, Otchere H, Akoto YO, Ntodie M. Differential effect of maximal incremental treadmill exercise on tear secretion and tear film stability in athletes and non-athletes. Exp Eye Res 2021; 214:108865. [PMID: 34848214 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the differential response to a single bout of maximal incremental treadmill exercise between athletes and non-athletes without dry eyes regarding tear secretion, tear film stability, visual acuity (VA), and stereoacuity. Additionally, the study examined the effect of gender and the duration of exercise on exercise-induced changes. Study participants included young university students aged 18-25 years who were athletes (male/female: 13/13) or non-athletes (male/female: 17/9). Participants underwent an aerobic exercise session using a treadmill and following the laid down Bruce treadmill test protocol till exhaustion. Measurements were taken in the order of distance VA, stereopsis, non-invasive tear break-up time (TBUT), and phenol red thread test, at baseline and after the exercise regimen. Within- and between-subject analyses using multiple t-tests with correction for multiple comparisons were performed to determine differences before and after exercise in athletes and non-athletes. Subsequently, ANCOVA was used to assess the influence of gender and the duration of exercise. The mean age (SD) of the athletes and the non-athletes was 22.4 ± 2.1 years and 21.8 ± 2.1 years, respectively (p = 0.357). Before exercise, the athletes had higher TBUT than non-athletes (14.6 ± 2.9 s vs. 11.9 ± 3.8 s; p = 0.021), but no difference was observed in any other ocular measurements. After exercise, the athletes showed significant improvement in tear secretion with the basal tear secretion increasing from 22.3 ± 2.5 mm to 25.8 ± 1.7 mm (p < 0.001). The non-athletes on the other hand had a borderline increase in tear secretion from 21.42 ± 2.85 mm to 23.73 ± 2.68 mm (p = 0.08). Also, the TBUT was much improved in the athletes after exercise compared to the non-athletes (17.7 ± 2.7 s vs. 14.8 ± 2.9 s, p = 0.004). Additionally, exercise improved the VA indifferently between the groups, while stereoacuity was unchanged after exercise in either group. Gender had no influence on the differences in the tear function measures between athletes and non-athletes after exercise. The duration of exercise, however, showed a borderline effect on the tear film stability (p = 0.068) after exercise. Our findings support the differential effect of maximal incremental treadmill exercise on tear secretion and tear film stability between athletes and non-athletes. Thus, increased physical fitness and the duration of exercise might be crucial in the improvement of tear function through aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abokyi
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Sekyere Nyamaah Mensah
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Heinz Otchere
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaw Osei Akoto
- Our Lady of Grace Hospital, Breman Asikuma, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Michael Ntodie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Togni G, Puccinelli PJ, Costa T, Seffrin A, de Lira CAB, Vancini RL, Santos DDAT, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B, Andrade MS. Factors Associated with Reduction in Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil: An Internet-Based Survey Conducted in June 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11397. [PMID: 34769910 PMCID: PMC8583209 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected physical activity levels. This study investigated the factors associated with the change in physical activity level in Brazilians residing in the city of São Paulo. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire, addressing personal data, restriction level, education level, family income, daily working hours, and physical activity level, was answered by 2140 volunteers, of which 1179 were excluded because the answers were either incomplete or the respondents were not from São Paulo. The total number of participants selected was 961 (581 female and 380 male). RESULTS The physical activity level adopted prior to the pandemic period (p < 0.001) and family income (p = 0.001) correlated significantly with physical activity level reduction during the pandemic. The proportion of people who reduced their physical activity was greater among those who were very active than those who were active (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 0.65 [confidence interval (CI): 0.52-0.80]) or insufficiently active [aPR: 0.39 (0.18-0.82)]. The proportion of people who reduced their physical activity was greater among those who received a salary less than minimum wage (MW) than those who received a salary between three to six times minimum wage [(aPR: 0.50 (CI 0.35-0.70)] or more than 6 MW [(aPR: 0.56 (CI 0.40-0.79)]. CONCLUSIONS A higher prevalence of Brazilians residing in the city of São Paulo reduced their physical activity who had a vigorous level of physical activity prior to the pandemic and who received less than a MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Togni
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (G.T.); (P.J.P.); (T.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Paulo José Puccinelli
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (G.T.); (P.J.P.); (T.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Taline Costa
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (G.T.); (P.J.P.); (T.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Aldo Seffrin
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (G.T.); (P.J.P.); (T.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- Human and Exercise Physiology Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Vancini
- Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Marilia Santos Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil; (G.T.); (P.J.P.); (T.C.); (A.S.); (M.S.A.)
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Youssef M, Ahmed HY, Zongo A, Korin A, Zhan F, Hady E, Umair M, Shahid Riaz Rajoka M, Xiong Y, Li B. Probiotic Supplements: Their Strategies in the Therapeutic and Prophylactic of Human Life-Threatening Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11290. [PMID: 34681948 PMCID: PMC8537706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases and viral infections have threatened human life over the ages and constitute the main reason for increasing death globally. The rising burden of these diseases extends to negatively affecting the economy and trading globally, as well as daily life, which requires inexpensive, novel, and safe therapeutics. Therefore, scientists have paid close attention to probiotics as safe remedies to combat these morbidities owing to their health benefits and biotherapeutic effects. Probiotics have been broadly adopted as functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food supplements to improve human health and prevent some morbidity. Intriguingly, recent research indicates that probiotics are a promising solution for treating and prophylactic against certain dangerous diseases. Probiotics could also be associated with their essential role in animating the immune system to fight COVID-19 infection. This comprehensive review concentrates on the newest literature on probiotics and their metabolism in treating life-threatening diseases, including immune disorders, pathogens, inflammatory and allergic diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, and COVID-19 infection. The recent information in this report will particularly furnish a platform for emerging novel probiotics-based therapeutics as cheap and safe, encouraging researchers and stakeholders to develop innovative treatments based on probiotics to prevent and treat chronic and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Youssef
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y. Ahmed
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt;
| | - Abel Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Ali Korin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Fuchao Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
| | - Essam Hady
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.U.); (M.S.R.R.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (M.U.); (M.S.R.R.)
| | - Yongai Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.Y.); (A.Z.); (A.K.); (F.Z.); (E.H.)
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263
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Rakhshani T, Khiyali Z, Masrurpour F, Khani Jeihooni A. Effect of educational intervention on improvement of physical activities of middle-aged women. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:358. [PMID: 34627218 PMCID: PMC8502320 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity has important health benefits for women. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of theory-based educational interventions on the improvement of physical activities of middle-aged women. METHODS This experimental study was conducted on 160 middle-aged women referred to Ahwaz health centers Iran in 2017 who were selected through the cluster sampling method. They were randomly divided into two groups: intervention (n = 80) and control (n = 80). The educational intervention for the experimental group consisted of 4 consultation and 4 follow-up sessions. The study outcomes included physical activity change, self-efficacy, decision-making balance, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, which were measured before the intervention and 2 months after that. The data were analyzed using the SPSS19 software as well as the Chi-square, independent t-test and paired t-test. RESULTS After the intervention, the mean scores of preparedness for change, decision-making balance, perceived self-efficacy, pre-thinking, thinking, preparation, practice and maintenance were significantly different in both the experimental and control groups (P value < 0.05). The t-test showed that after the educational intervention, the mean score of physical activity was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (726.3 ± 201.6 and 339.8 ± 90.2, respectively) (P value < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that the theory-based educational intervention was effective on the improvement of the middle-aged women's physical activities. Therefore, it is suggested that a theory-based educational program be designed and implemented in order to increase the physical activities of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Rakhshani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khiyali
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Masrurpour
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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264
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Hansmann R, Fritz L, Pagani A, Clément G, Binder CR. Activities, Housing Situation and Other Factors Influencing Psychological Strain Experienced During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Switzerland. Front Psychol 2021; 12:735293. [PMID: 34650493 PMCID: PMC8505957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.735293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis and the corresponding first nationwide lockdown from mid-March to 10 May 2020 engendered considerable psychological strain among people in Switzerland. This study analyzes determinants of changes in subjective levels of psychological strain experienced during the lockdown. Methods: An online survey conducted as part of a larger mixed methods study examined the material and emotional aspects of individual reactions to the lockdown from a socio-ecological perspective. Participants (N = 5932) were asked about their personal and employment status, housing features, changes in various activities (e.g., physical activity, watching TV, social media use) and aspects of mental distress and well-being. Results: A substantial share of participants reported to feel depressed (33%) and anxious (43%) more often during the COVID-19 lockdown than before, whereas significantly (p < 0.001) less persons reported a decrease of these negative feelings (depressed 17%; anxious 14%). Women, single people, students and people who lost their jobs or were temporally unemployed due to the lockdown experienced a particularly strong increase of subjective psychological strain. Important residential factors reducing subjective psychological strain were the general comfort of the housing situation and having a private garden or multiple types of outdoor space. Considering leisure activities, the strongest positive psychological effect resulted from increased physical activities, followed by reading and cooking. However, 45% of the participants reported a decreased frequency of physical activity during the lockdown compared to before, whereas significantly less persons (26%) reported a corresponding increase (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Consistent with other studies, the results indicate a substantial reduction of subjective psychological well-being of the population during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland. The psychological burdens which the participants experienced differ depending on personal characteristics and situational factors. Negative psychological and economic consequences and gender inequalities should accordingly be carefully considered and actively prevented when designing COVID-19 measures. Supportive economic and social, cognitive and behavioral psychological interventions need to be designed and implemented to maintain the well-being of residents during lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Hansmann
- Laboratory for Human Environment Relations in Urban Systems (HERUS), Swiss Mobiliar Chair in Urban Ecology and Sustainable Living, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Transdisciplinarity Lab (TdLab), Department of Environmental Systems Science (D-USYS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Livia Fritz
- Laboratory for Human Environment Relations in Urban Systems (HERUS), Swiss Mobiliar Chair in Urban Ecology and Sustainable Living, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Pagani
- Laboratory for Human Environment Relations in Urban Systems (HERUS), Swiss Mobiliar Chair in Urban Ecology and Sustainable Living, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Garance Clément
- Laboratory of Urban Sociology (LASUR), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia R. Binder
- Laboratory for Human Environment Relations in Urban Systems (HERUS), Swiss Mobiliar Chair in Urban Ecology and Sustainable Living, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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265
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Ribeiro IS, Pereira ÍS, Galantini MPL, Santos DP, Teles MF, Muniz IPR, Santos GS, Silva RAA. Regular physical activity reduces the effects of inflammaging in diabetic and hypertensive men. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111558. [PMID: 34547405 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of physical activity in inflammatory, biochemical and endocrine parameters of middle-aged and elderly men with Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The assessment was comprised by 77 male volunteers aged between 45 and 59 years old (middle-aged men) or 60 to 86 years old (elderly men), diagnosed with SAH and T2DM, assisted by Family Health Units in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. According to age and lifestyle (sedentary or practicing physical activity), these men were classified as middle-aged sedentary men, middle-aged physically active men, elderly sedentary men, or elderly physically active men. It was noticed that active elderly people with SAH and T2DM had a better inflammatory balance than sedentary middle-aged men, through the evaluation of the relationship between the cytokines IL-10/TNF-α, IL-10/IL-17A and IL-10/IFN-γ. Moreover, in the extended correlation analysis, a greater global balance was observed among anthropometric, blood pressure, biochemical and cytokine parameters. Physical activity beneficially modulates aging-related disease risk factors even in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel S Ribeiro
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus - Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street - 17 Block - 58 Lot, Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil; Paulo Freire Campus - Federal University of Southern Bahia, 250 Joana Angélica Square, São José, 45.988-058 Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ítalo S Pereira
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus - Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street - 17 Block - 58 Lot, Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria P L Galantini
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus - Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street - 17 Block - 58 Lot, Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Denisar P Santos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus - Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street - 17 Block - 58 Lot, Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil; FG Universitary Center - UniFG, 459 Barão do Rio Branco Avenue, Zip code: 46430-000 Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mauro F Teles
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus - Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street - 17 Block - 58 Lot, Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Igor P R Muniz
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus - Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street - 17 Block - 58 Lot, Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gilvanéia S Santos
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus - Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street - 17 Block - 58 Lot, Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Robson A A Silva
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Anísio Teixeira Campus - Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street - 17 Block - 58 Lot, Candeias, 45.029-094 Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
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266
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Dimauro I, Grazioli E, Antinozzi C, Duranti G, Arminio A, Mancini A, Greco EA, Caporossi D, Parisi A, Di Luigi L. Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: The Role of Body Composition and Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9834. [PMID: 34574758 PMCID: PMC8467802 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and the most common cause of cancer-related death. To date, it is still a challenge to estimate the magnitude of the clinical impact of physical activity (PA) on those parameters producing significative changes in future BC risk and disease progression. However, studies conducted in recent years highlight the role of PA not only as a protective factor for the development of ER+ breast cancer but, more generally, as a useful tool in the management of BC treatment as an adjuvant to traditional therapies. In this review, we focused our attention on data obtained from human studies analyzing, at each level of disease prevention (i.e., primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary), the positive impact of PA/exercise in ER+ BC, a subtype representing approximately 70% of all BC diagnoses. Moreover, given the importance of estrogen receptors and body composition (i.e., adipose tissue) in this subtype of BC, an overview of their role will also be made throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisa Grazioli
- Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristina Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (A.A.); (E.A.G.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Unit of Biocheminstry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Arminio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (A.A.); (E.A.G.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere (DISMeB), Università Degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via F. Acton, 38, 80133 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela A. Greco
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (A.A.); (E.A.G.); (L.D.L.)
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (A.A.); (E.A.G.); (L.D.L.)
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267
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Dor-Haim H, Katzburg S, Revach P, Levine H, Barak S. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity and weight gain among active adult population in Israel: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1521. [PMID: 34362319 PMCID: PMC8343341 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak holds public health concerns. The stay-at-home increases sedentary behavior, with unintended adverse outcomes. Since organized recreation and sports facilities were closed, we aimed to study how the crisis of closure affected exercise habits and weight gain among the trainee population in Israel. We examined differences in weight gain among individuals with different PA activities and assessed their ability to adapt to digital media as an alternative training structure. METHODS A cross-sectional survey consisted of a multiple-choice questionnaire obtained using a web-based survey application. Trainees (1202) who exercised steadily anonymously answered the questionnaire sent by their coaches regarding their activity and weight gain during lockdown times. RESULTS Results confirmed that 70% of Israelis trained less than their usual routine, 60% used digital media for training, 55% gained weight. Half of the respondents gained more than 2 kg, with an average increase of 1.2 kg. However, those who exhibited a higher physical activity level gained less weight. Using digital media for training was associated with higher physical activity levels. The aged population was less likely to use digital media. CONCLUSIONS Since increased sedentary behavior could increase the risk for potential worsening of health conditions, health agencies should look for strategies, including digital remote media training to promote physical activity and subsequently, preventing the increased burden of future comorbidities worsening by a sedentary lifestyle. Approval: by the Helsinki ethics committee of Sheba Medical Center (6504-19-SMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Horesh Dor-Haim
- O2 Health Promotion and Sports Medicine Department, The Howard and Mary Edith Cosell Association for Physical Education, the Safra sports center, Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Sara Katzburg
- O2 Health Promotion and Sports Medicine Department, The Howard and Mary Edith Cosell Association for Physical Education, the Safra sports center, Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Israel-Canada Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Polla Revach
- O2 Health Promotion and Sports Medicine Department, The Howard and Mary Edith Cosell Association for Physical Education, the Safra sports center, Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Barak
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Kaye Academic College of Education, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- College of Public Health Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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268
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Garai K, Adam Z, Herczeg R, Banfai K, Gyebrovszki A, Gyenesei A, Pongracz JE, Wilhelm M, Kvell K. Physical Activity as a Preventive Lifestyle Intervention Acts Through Specific Exosomal miRNA Species-Evidence From Human Short- and Long-Term Pilot Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:658218. [PMID: 34408656 PMCID: PMC8365358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.658218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise initiates systemic adaptation to promote health and prevent various lifestyle-related chronic diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating exosomes mediate some of the beneficial effects of exercise via the transfer of microRNAs between tissues. Yet to date, a comprehensive profile of the exosomal miRNA (exomiR) content released following short-term (0.5 year in this study) and long-term (25 + years in this study) regular bouts of exercise is still lacking. However, a better understanding of these miRNA species would assist in clarifying the role of regular exercise at the molecular level in the prevention of chronic diseases. In the present pilot studies we analyzed serum exomiR expression in healthy young, sedentary participants (n = 14; age: 23 ± 2 years) at baseline and following a half year-long moderate-intensity regular exercise training. We also analyzed serum exomiR expression in older, healthy trained participants (seniors, n = 11; age: 62 ± 6 years) who engaged in endurance activities for at least 25 years. Following the isolation and enrichment of serum exosomes using Total Exosome Isolation Reagent (TEI) their exomiR levels were determined using the amplification-free Nanostring platform. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the majority of exomiRs overlap for short-term (0.5 year in this study) and long-term (25 + years in this study) regular bouts of exercise. The top 12 significantly altered exomiRs (let-7a-5p; let-7g-5p; miR-130a-3p; miR-142-3p; miR-150-5p; miR-15a-5p; miR-15b-5p; miR-199a-3p; miR-199b-3p; miR-223-3p; miR-23a-3p, and miR-451a-3p) were used for further evaluation. According to KEGG pathway analysis a large portion of the exomiRs target chronic diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and viral infections. Our results provide evidence that exosomal miRNA modulation is the molecular mechanism through which regular exercise prevents various chronic diseases. The possibility of using such exomiRs to target diseases is of great interest. While further validation is needed, our comprehensive exomiR study presents, for the first time, the disease-preventive molecular pattern of both short and long-term regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Adam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Herczeg
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adam Gyebrovszki
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marta Wilhelm
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Wnt-Signaling Research Group, Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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269
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Andersen-Civil AIS, Leppä MM, Thamsborg SM, Salminen JP, Williams AR. Structure-function analysis of purified proanthocyanidins reveals a role for polymer size in suppressing inflammatory responses. Commun Biol 2021; 4:896. [PMID: 34290357 PMCID: PMC8295316 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are dietary compounds that have been extensively studied for beneficial health effects due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, the structure-function relationships of PAC and their mode-of-action remain obscure. Here, we isolated a wide range of diverse PAC polymer mixtures of high purity from plant material. Polymer size was a key factor in determining the ability of PAC to regulate inflammatory cytokine responses in murine macrophages. PAC polymers with a medium (9.1) mean degree of polymerization (mDP) induced substantial transcriptomic changes, whereas PAC with either low (2.6) or high (12.3) mDP were significantly less active. Short-term oral treatment of mice with PAC modulated gene pathways connected to nutrient metabolism and inflammation in ileal tissue in a polymerization-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the bioactive PAC polymers modulated autophagic flux and inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced autophagy in macrophages. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of defined structural features in the health-promoting effects of PAC-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milla Marleena Leppä
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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270
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Bergeron CD, Boolani A, Jansen EC, Smith ML. Practical Solutions to Address COVID-19-Related Mental and Physical Health Challenges Among Low-Income Older Adults. Front Public Health 2021; 9:674847. [PMID: 34322471 PMCID: PMC8311292 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.674847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-income older adults are disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this perspective article, we review the context in which low-income older people experience the pandemic and the mental and physical health consequences they have faced to date. Then, we offer practical solutions to help improve low-income older adults' sleep, physical activity, nutrition, and stress that require no or low financial commitment. We argue that governments, communities, and organizations should make greater efforts to promote healthy living for low-income older adults in times of health emergencies to ensure their ability to be universally adopted, regardless of income and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Bergeron
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Division of Aging, Seniors and Dementia, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ali Boolani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Mahoney G, Martin J, Martin R, Yager C, Smith ML, Grin Z, Vogel-Rosbrook C, Bradley D, Appiah-Kubi KO, Boolani A. Evidence that feelings of energy and fatigue are associated differently with gait characteristics and balance: an exploratory study. FATIGUE: BIOMEDICINE, HEALTH & BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21641846.2021.1950405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mahoney
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Joel Martin
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hanover College, Hanover, IN, USA
| | - Chelsea Yager
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph’s Hospital Health Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Grin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | | | - Dylan Bradley
- Department of Engineering Technology, State University of New York Canton, Canton, NY, USA
| | | | - Ali Boolani
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
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272
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López Fernández J, López-Valenciano A, Mayo X, Horton E, Clavel I, Liguori G, Jiménez A. Comparative analysis of reported physical activity from leisure centres' members versus the general population in Spain. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043963. [PMID: 34187813 PMCID: PMC8245461 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To describe the physical activity (PA) levels of the members of a Spanish leisure centre operator according to age and gender; (2) to describe the differences in the three PA levels between the members of a Spanish leisure centre operator and the general Spanish population considering the PA Eurobarometer data according to their gender and age and (3) to explore the intensity origin of the PA either in Spanish members of leisure centres or the Spanish population considering their gender. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. PARTICIPANTS Data from 16 Spanish leisure centres (n=3627) and from the 2017 Eurobarometer 472 for Spain (n=1002) were used for this research. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES The PA levels were analysed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version, and respondents were grouped into physical inactivity (PIA), moderate-PA and high-PA. Moreover, gender (men or women) and age (18-29 years; 30-44 years; 45-59 years; 60-69 years; ≥70 years) were considered. Total metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week, as well as total MET-min/week for walking intensity, moderate intensity and vigorous intensity were recorded. RESULTS Leisure centres showed a lower prevalence of PIA and a higher prevalence of high-PA than the general population (p<0.05). Women displayed a higher prevalence of PIA and lower prevalence of high-PA than men (p<0.05). The prevalence of PIA increases with age while the prevalence of high-PA decreases. CONCLUSION Leisure centres engage most of their members in regular PA, including women and older adults, and these members also perform a higher number of MET in vigorous PA, than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge López Fernández
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- GO fit LAB, Ingesport-GO fit, Alcobendas, Spain
| | - Alejandro López-Valenciano
- Observatory of Healthy & Active Living of Spain Active Foundation, Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xián Mayo
- Observatory of Healthy & Active Living of Spain Active Foundation, Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Horton
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Ivan Clavel
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of A Coruña, A Coruna, Galicia, Spain
| | - Gary Liguori
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- GO fit LAB, Ingesport-GO fit, Alcobendas, Spain
- Observatory of Healthy & Active Living of Spain Active Foundation, Centre for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, College of Health, Sheffield Hallam University College of Health Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield, UK
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273
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Seo Y, Kim M, Shin H, Won C. Perceived Neighborhood Environment Associated with Sarcopenia in Urban-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6292. [PMID: 34200703 PMCID: PMC8296063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with adverse health outcomes among older individuals. However, little is known about its association with neighborhood environmental factors. We explored the relationship between sarcopenia and perceived neighborhood environmental factors among community-dwelling older adults aged 70-84 years. We analyzed 1778 participants (mean age of 75.9 ± 3.8 years; 54.0% women) who lived in urban areas and underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 definition. Perceived neighborhood environmental factors were assessed using the Environmental Module of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-E). In the multivariate analysis, compared to the fifth quintile of the IPAQ-E score, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sarcopenia in the first, second, third, and fourth quintiles were 2.13 (1.40-3.24), 1.72 (1.12-2.64), 1.75 (1.15-2.66), and 1.62 (1.06-2.47), respectively. These neighborhood environmental characteristics were linked with an increased likelihood of sarcopenia: no public transportation access (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.19-3.48), poor recreational facilities access (OR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.01-1.90), absence of destination (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.06-2.20), many hill hazards (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.03-1.78), and lack of traffic safety (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.02-1.78). Thus, better neighborhood environmental strategies may help prevent sarcopenia among urban-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, East-West Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyungeun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Changwon Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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274
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Esgin T, Hersh D, Rowley KG, Macniven R, Glenister K, Crouch A, Newton RU. Physical Activity and Self-Reported Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in the Aboriginal Population in Perth, Australia, Measured Using an Adaptation of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5969. [PMID: 34199675 PMCID: PMC8199758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Complex, ongoing social factors have led to a context where metabolic syndrome (MetS) is disproportionately high in Aboriginal Australians. MetS is characterised by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, high blood-sugar and low HDL-C. This descriptive study aimed to document physical activity levels, including domains and intensity and sedentary behaviour, and MetS risk factors in the Perth Aboriginal (predominately Noongar) community. Methods: The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), together with a questionnaire on self-reported MetS risk factors, was circulated to community members for completion during 2014 (n = 129). Results: Data were analysed using chi-squared tests. The average (SD) age was 37.8 years (14) and BMI of 31.4 (8.2) kg/m2. Occupational, transport-related and leisure-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary intensities were reported across age categories. The median (interquartile range) daily sedentary time was 200 (78, 435), 240 (120, 420) and 180 (60, 300) minutes for the 18-25, 26-44 and 45+ year-olds, respectively (p = 0.973). Conclusions: An in-depth understanding of the types, frequencies and intensities of PA reported for the Perth Aboriginal community is important to implementing targeted strategies to reduce the prevalence of chronic disease in this context. Future efforts collaborating with community should aim to reduce the risk factors associated with MetS and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuguy Esgin
- Discipline of Exercise, Health and Performance, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia; (D.H.); (R.U.N.)
| | - Deborah Hersh
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia; (D.H.); (R.U.N.)
| | - Kevin G. Rowley
- Onemda VicHealth Koori Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rona Macniven
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kristen Glenister
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC 3630, Australia; (K.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Alan Crouch
- Department of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC 3630, Australia; (K.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Robert U. Newton
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia; (D.H.); (R.U.N.)
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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275
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Beck AM, Gilbert AS, Duncan DD, Wiedenman EM. A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Physical Activity during COVID-19 in a Sample of Rural and Non-Rural Participants in the US. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4991. [PMID: 34066791 PMCID: PMC8125949 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) pre-COVID-19 was lower in rural areas compared to non-rural areas. The purpose of this study was to determine COVID-19's impact on PA in rural and non-rural residents. A cross-sectional study consisting of a convenience sample of 278 participants (50% rural, 50% non-rural) from 25 states completed an online survey describing their PA behaviors and perceptions during COVID-19. The global physical activity questionnaire was used to determine PA in various domains and summed to determine if the participant met the PA guidelines. Rural participants had a significantly higher body mass index, lower income, and a lower educational attainment. Conversely, non-rural participants reported more barriers to PA. There was no difference in the perception of COVID-19's impact on PA, specifically; however, rural participants were significantly less likely to meet cardiorespiratory PA recommendations compared to non-rural participants. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the continued disparity in PA between rural and non-rural residents, despite the supposition of COVID-19 being less impactful in rural areas due to sparse populations. Efforts should be pursued to close the PA gap between rural and non-rural residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Beck
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (A.S.G.); (D.D.D.); (E.M.W.)
| | - Amanda S. Gilbert
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (A.S.G.); (D.D.D.); (E.M.W.)
| | - Dixie D. Duncan
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (A.S.G.); (D.D.D.); (E.M.W.)
| | - Eric M. Wiedenman
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; (A.S.G.); (D.D.D.); (E.M.W.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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276
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Hirooka N, Kusano T, Kinoshita S, Aoyagi R, Hidetomo N. Association between healthy lifestyle practices and life purpose among a highly health-literate cohort: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:820. [PMID: 33926422 PMCID: PMC8082900 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The national health promotion program in the twenty-first century Japan (HJ21) correlates life purpose with disease prevention, facilitating the adoption of healthy lifestyles. However, the influence of clustered healthy lifestyle practices on life purpose, within the context of this national health campaign remains uninvestigated. This study assessed the association between such practices and life purpose, in line with the HJ21. METHODS We performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey on certified specialists in health management. Participants' demographic information, lifestyle, and purpose in life were measured using a validated tool. The cohort was median-split into two groups based on their clustered health-related lifestyle score. The values for health-related lifestyle and purpose were compared between the two groups and the correlation between health-related lifestyle and purpose in life was measured. RESULTS Data from 4820 participants were analyzed. The higher-scoring health-related lifestyle group showed a significantly higher life purpose than the lower group (35.3 vs 31.4; t = 23.6, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between the scores of clustered healthy lifestyle practices and life purpose (r = 0.401, p < 0.001). The higher-scoring health-related lifestyle group achieved a higher life purpose than the lower-scoring group. This association between healthy lifestyle practices and life purpose denotes a positive and linear relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that individuals who have a better health-related lifestyle gain a higher sense of life purpose. In other words, a healthy lifestyle predicts a purpose in life. Our findings posit that examining the causal relationship between healthy lifestyle and purpose in life may be a more efficient approach toward health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Hirooka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Morohongo 38, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
| | - Takeru Kusano
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Morohongo 38, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kinoshita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Morohongo 38, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Aoyagi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Morohongo 38, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Nakamoto Hidetomo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Morohongo 38, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
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277
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Global and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Levels Among People Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Burundi: A Cross-sectional Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2021; 32:674-681. [PMID: 33908406 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The latest recommendations for HIV therapeutic management emphasize the importance of regular physical activity (PA). This cross-sectional study assessed the self-reported level of PA, amount of leisure time PA (LTPA), and the predictors of PA practiced in 257 people living with HIV (PLWH) in Burundi. The World Health Organization recommends 150 min of PA per week. In our study, 80.2% of the participants met this recommendation. Participants were more engaged in PA at work (436.8 ± 682.1 min/week) compared with leisure time (231.7 ± 383.8 min/week) and transportation (235.9 ± 496.5 min/week). Multivariate analysis revealed that men (β = -101.65; p = .01) who were white-collar workers (β = 67.21; p < .03) with higher education level (β = 274.21; p < .001) reported higher levels of LTPA than other groups. Integrating PA counseling into the routine care and implementing community-based exercise programs could enhance participation in PA in PLWH.
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278
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Katewongsa P, Yousomboon C, Haemathulin N, Rasri N, Widyastari DA. Prevalence of sufficient MVPA among Thai adults: pooled panel data analysis from Thailand's surveillance on physical activity 2012-2019. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:665. [PMID: 33827516 PMCID: PMC8028057 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of data in informing decision makers in formulating policy to improve population health is undeniably important. During the past few years, the Thai government has undertaken continuous health promotion campaigns and programs. Nevertheless, evidence of how physical activity (PA) has improved is lacking. This study aims to present PA prevalence and trends from nationally-representative surveillance data collected during 2012-2019. METHODS This study employed 8 rounds of Thailand's Surveillance on Physical Activity (SPA) survey from 2012 to 2019 as a pooled analysis from two-panel data (SPA2012-2016 and SPA2017-2019). Multistage random sampling was applied to select Thai adults aged 18 or over to produce a nationally-representative dataset, by considering the place of residence (urban or rural), gender, and single year of age. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted in 5 regions, 13 provinces, and 36 villages to follow up 5648 individuals in Panel 1 (SPA2012-2016) and 6074 persons in Panel 2 (SPA2017-2019). RESULTS The prevalence (%) of Thai adults who met WHO recommendations on sufficient PA tended to increase over time, from 66.6 (CI 65-68) in SPA2012 to 70.1 (CI 69-71), 69.5 (CI 68-71), 73.1 (CI 72-74), 70.6 (CI 69-72), 73.0 (CI 72-74), 75.6 (CI 74-77), and 74.3 (73-75) in SPA2013-2019, respectively. Thai females are less physically active than males, and the prevalence of sufficient moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) was highest among middle-aged adults (35-64 years), and lowest among older adults (65+ years). Work-related PA dominated the cumulative minutes of MVPA per week, followed by recreational PA. CONCLUSION The prevalence of sufficient MVPA has fluctuated over time with a tendency to increase in the most recent years. Work-related is the most common modes of PA among Thai adults, implying further improvement in recreational physical activity is required. Workplace intervention should also be the focus in improving PA of Thai adults by encouraging their work force to engage in more occupational PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawat Katewongsa
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chutima Yousomboon
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre (TPAK), Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Narumol Haemathulin
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre (TPAK), Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Niramon Rasri
- Thai Health Promotion Foundation, 99/8 Soi Ngamduplee Thungmahamek, Sathorn, Bangkok, 10120, Thailand
| | - Dyah Anantalia Widyastari
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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279
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Hu D, Zhou S, Crowley-McHattan ZJ, Liu Z. Factors That Influence Participation in Physical Activity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review from the Social Ecological Model Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3147. [PMID: 33803733 PMCID: PMC8003258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity in children and adolescents has become a global problem. This systematic review aimed to examine the existing literature regarding the factors that influence participation in physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with reference to the social ecological model (SEM) proposed by McLeroy et al. (1988). The SEM provides a framework under which the influencing factors are categorized into five levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy. A systematic search of relevant literature published before July 2020 was conducted through Ebsco, ProQuest, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected articles were all of high quality as assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). The results indicated that gender, age, ethnicity, and self-concept were the most common influencing factors at the intrapersonal level. At the interpersonal and organization levels, supports from friends, parents, and teachers were positive predictors of students' PA participation. Accessibility of facilities and safe neighborhoods was a crucial factor that influenced children and adolescents' participation in PA at the community level. Future studies on the effective types of policies or practices that could successfully promote facilities' accessibility and improve neighborhood safety are required. The outcomes of this systematic review are expected to inform practice and support the development and implementation of sound policies for the promotion of PA participation in children or adolescents from a comprehensive social ecological viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Hu
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (S.Z.); (Z.J.C.-M.)
- School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (S.Z.); (Z.J.C.-M.)
| | | | - Zhiyun Liu
- School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
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280
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Cole AG, Laxer RE, Patte KA, Leatherdale ST. Can We Reverse this Trend? Exploring Health and Risk Behaviours of Grade 12 Cohorts of Ontario Students from 2013-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3109. [PMID: 33803500 PMCID: PMC8002993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents engage in multiple health risk behaviours that put them at risk of future chronic disease. By the time students graduate from secondary school, they may be engaging in behaviours that set them on a particular health trajectory. It is important to monitor the co-occurrence of health risk behaviours of cohorts of grade 12 students over time to highlight important areas for intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in health and risk behaviours over six waves among subsequent cohorts of grade twelve students from Ontario, Canada. A total of 44,740 grade 12 students participated in the COMPASS study across the six waves (2013/14 to 2018/19), and self-reported movement (physical activity, screen time, sleep), dietary (fruit and vegetables, breakfast), and substance use (smoking, vaping, binge drinking, and cannabis use) behaviours. Over 91.0% of students reported engaging in three or more health risk behaviours, with increases in the number of students reporting inadequate sleep, not eating breakfast on every school day, and vaping over time. Although modest, the wave 6 cohort reported slightly more risk behaviours compared with the wave 1 cohort, highlighting the importance of multidimensional health promotion strategies across multiple settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Cole
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| | | | - Karen A. Patte
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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281
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Association of Self-Reported Frequent Exercise Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Older People in the United States With Self-Reported Pain. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 29:858-865. [PMID: 33706287 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective, cross-sectional database study aimed to identify characteristics associated with self-reported frequent exercise (defined as moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise for ≥30 min five times a week) in older U.S. (≥50 years) adults with pain in the past 4 weeks, using 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data and hierarchical logistic regression models. The variables significantly associated with frequent exercise included being male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.507, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.318, 1.724]); non-Hispanic (AOR = 1.282, 95% CI [1.021, 1.608]); employed (AOR = 1.274, 95% CI [1.040, 1.560]); having no chronic conditions versus ≥5 conditions (AOR = 1.576, 95% CI [1.094, 2.268]); having two chronic conditions versus ≥5 conditions (AOR = 1.547, 95% CI [1.226, 1.952]); having no limitation versus having a limitation (AOR = 1.209, 95% CI [1.015, 1.441]); having little/moderate versus quite/extreme pain (AOR = 1.358, 95% CI [1.137, 1.621]); having excellent/very good versus fair/poor physical health (AOR = 2.408, 95% CI [1.875, 3.093]); and having good versus fair/poor physical health (AOR = 1.337, 95% CI [1.087, 1.646]). These characteristics may be useful to create personalized pain management protocols that include exercise for older adults with pain.
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282
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Simmich J, Mandrusiak A, Russell T, Smith S, Hartley N. Perspectives of older adults with chronic disease on the use of wearable technology and video games for physical activity. Digit Health 2021; 7:20552076211019900. [PMID: 34104468 PMCID: PMC8168030 DOI: 10.1177/20552076211019900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in technology to deliver physical rehabilitation and allow clinicians to monitor progress. Examples include wearable activity trackers and active video games (AVGs), where physical activity is required to play the game. However, few studies have explored what may influence the effectiveness of these as technology-based physical activity interventions in older adults with chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore: 1) perceptions about wearable physical activity trackers; 2) perceptions about using technology to share physical activity information with clinicians; 3) barriers and motivators to playing games, including AVGs for rehabilitation. METHODS Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with older adults (n = 19) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RESULTS Wearable activity trackers were perceived as useful to quantify activity, facilitate goal-setting, visualize long-term improvements and provide reminders. Participants generally wished to share data with their clinicians to gain greater accountability, receive useful feedback and improve the quality of clinical care. Participants were motivated to play games (including AVGs) by seeking fun, social interaction and health benefits. Some felt that AVGs were of no benefit or were too difficult. Competition was both a motivator and a barrier. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study seek to inform the design of technology to encourage physical activity in older adults with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Simmich
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Allison Mandrusiak
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Trevor Russell
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Stuart Smith
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Nicole Hartley
- Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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283
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Zhou K, He S, Zhou Y, Popeska B, Kuan G, Chen L, Chin MK, Mok MMC, Edginton CR, Culpan I, Durstine JL. Implementation of Brain Breaks ® in the Classroom and Its Effects on Attitudes towards Physical Activity in a Chinese School Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E272. [PMID: 33401384 PMCID: PMC7795899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of three-months of classroom-based Brain Breaks Physical Activity Solution (Brain Breaks®) on attitudes toward physical activity levels of primary school children in Henan Province, China. The participants were 704 children enrolled in grades 3-5 who were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group participated in Brain Breaks® video intervention for 3-5 min daily, at low-to-moderate intensity for three consecutive months. The control group resumed their normal routine. The children's attitudes in both groups towards physical activity (PA) were evaluated using the self-reported Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS), before and after the intervention. The effects of the intervention on APAS scores were analyzed using mixed model analysis of variance with Time as within-subject, and Group as between-subject factors. The analysis revealed evidence in support of the positive effect of classroom video interventions such as Brain Break on children's attitudes toward importance, fun, and trying to do their personal best in physical activity. Also revealed was the important role the teacher plays in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhou
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center of Henan University, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sensen He
- Minsheng College, Division of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China;
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center of Henan University, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China; (K.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Biljana Popeska
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip 2000, North Macedonia
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Li Chen
- School of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Ming-Kai Chin
- The Foundation for Global Community Health, 1550 W Horizon Ridge Pkwy Ste R #206, Henderson, NV 89012, USA;
| | - Magdalena Mo Ching Mok
- Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education, 140 Minsheng Road, West District, Taichung City 40306, Taiwan;
- Assessment Research Centre, Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Taipo, N.T., Hong Kong
| | | | - Ian Culpan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - J. Larry Durstine
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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284
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Sustainable Intervention for Health Promotion and Postural Control Improvement: Effects of Home-Based Oculomotor Training. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, it is crucial to propose daily sustainable interventions that elicit healthy lifestyles and the promotion of favorable health outcomes beyond the usual medical prescriptions. Home confinement and pandemic limitations reduced physical activity and augmented sedentary behaviors that potentially also reflect on posture. Health-related quality of life includes an effective postural control which is affected by visual performance. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of a single session of eye exercises and also of a home-based oculomotor training on postural control. Thirty active adults (mean age: 42.9 ± 14.4 years) were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: subjects were evaluated on a stabilometric platform before (T0) and immediately after (T1) a training session consisting in clockwise ocular movements (C1), counterclockwise (C2) and mixed condition (C3). All subjects repeated, at home, the same ocular training and were re-evaluated after 5 weeks (T2). All measured variables tended to improve after 5-week home training, but significative differences were found, especially in acute measurement. C1 and C2 conditions showed better results than C3. Thus, a specific oculomotor training, a cost free and self-administered training, can represent a practical tool to improve postural control and health-related quality of life in active adults.
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285
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Remote Workers During the COVID-19 Lockdown. What Are We Missing and Why Is Important. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:e669-e672. [PMID: 32925524 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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286
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Chen LT, Hsu YW. Socio-Ecological Predictors of Frequent Bike Share Trips: Do Purposes Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7640. [PMID: 33092087 PMCID: PMC7589542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using bike share could increase physical activity and improve health. This study used the social-ecological model to identify predictors of frequent bike share trips for different purposes. Participants residing in the U.S. were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Self-report trip purposes were used to group participants into using bike share for commuting only (n = 260), social/entertainment only (n = 313), exercise only (n = 358), dual or triple-purpose (n = 501), and purposes other than commuting, social/entertainment, and exercise (n = 279). Results showed that at the intrapersonal level, perceived use of bike share to be helpful for increasing physical activity was a significant predictor for all groups, except for the other purpose group. Adjusting outdoor activity based on air quality was a significant predictor for the dual or triple-purpose group. At the interpersonal level, having four or more friends/family using bike share was a significant predictor for the other purpose group. At the community level, distance to the nearest bike share within acceptable range was a significant predictor for social/entertainment and dual or triple-purpose groups. The findings suggest that it is important to consider factors at multiple levels for predicting bike share usage. Moreover, health educators and policy makers should adopt different strategies for promoting bike share usage based on trip purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Chen
- Counseling and Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
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287
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Bovolini A, Garcia J, Andrade MA, Duarte JA. Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Predisposing Factors. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:199-214. [PMID: 33075830 DOI: 10.1055/a-1263-0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors with high prevalence among adult populations and elevated costs for public health systems worldwide. Despite the lack of consensus regarding the syndrome definition and diagnosis criteria, it is characterized by the coexistence of risk factors such as abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, a prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory state, insulin resistance (IR), and higher glucose levels, factors indubitably linked to an increased risk of developing chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The syndrome has a complex and multifaceted origin not fully understood; however, it has been strongly suggested that sedentarism and unbalanced dietary patterns might play a fundamental role in its development. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview from the syndrome epidemiology, costs, and main etiological traits from its relationship with unhealthy diet patterns and sedentary lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Garcia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real
| | | | - José Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto.,University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317 4585-116 Gandra Paredes, Portugal
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288
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Prochnow T, Patterson MS, Sharkey J, Umstattd Meyer MR. Health coalition collaboration network, perceived satisfaction and success. J Health Organ Manag 2020; 34:885-897. [PMID: 33063504 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-04-2020-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The health equity and prosperity of communities is closely linked to the effectiveness and success of local health coalitions. Social network analysis (SNA) is one mechanism to quantify and understand the factors leading to collaboration and effectiveness within these coalitions. This study aims to investigate network characteristics associated with perceived success and satisfaction in a health coalition and determine significant factors related to organizational collaborations. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This study examined the Olympic Peninsula Healthy Community Coalition (OPHCC) which aims to prevent chronic disease in rural Clallam County, Washington. Representatives (n = 21) from member organizations (n = 18) were asked to report on organization characteristics, perceived satisfaction in coalition activities, perceived success toward coalition's mission, and collaborations with other organizations in the coalition. Multilevel modeling used to analyze whether an organization's position within the coalition network was associated with their perceived satisfaction and perceived success. Exponential random graph modeling was used to examine what factors may impact collaboration ties between coalition members. FINDINGS Organization representatives reported a total of 252 collaboration ties. In multilevel models, organization characteristics and network centrality scores accounted for between 61 and 68% of variance displayed in satisfaction scores and 45-61% of variance in perceived success scores. Exponential random graph modeling revealed activity level, for-profit status, and transitivity as significant factors in collaborative tie presence. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Encouraging consistent active participation, a balance of organizational type, and projects which require more than two collaborators may provide an environment for collaborative ties between organizations.
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289
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Moradi G, Mostafavi F, Piroozi B, Zareie B, Mahboobi M, Rasouli MA. The prevalence of physical inactivity in Iranian adolescents and the impact of economic and social inequalities on it: results of a National Study in 2018. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1499. [PMID: 33008338 PMCID: PMC7532599 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity in Iranian adolescents aged 10-12 years and the impact of socioeconomic inequality on it. METHODS In this descriptive study, the study population consisted of 10-12 years old adolescents from an Iranian population from Kurdistan, Fars and Markazi provinces in 2018. The sample size was 1590 individuals. The sampling method was cluster sampling. Data was collected using demographic questionnaire, modifiable activity questionnaire (MAQ) and socioeconomic questionnaire. Cut points on the MAQ for light activity, moderate activity and heavy activity were MET< 3, MET = 3-6 and MET> 6, respectively. Linear and logistic regression were used to estimate the final model and the Oaxaca analysis method was applied. All analyses were performed in Stata/SE 14.0. RESULTS Of the 1590 participants, 52.82% were male. The results showed that 25.79% of the subjects were physically inactive and 7.30% engaged in moderate physical activity during the week. The average physical activity during 1 week was more in boys than in girls (P-value< 0.05). Adolescents of mothers with secondary and high school education were more likely to have physical inactivity than mothers with a high school diploma or higher (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02-1.77). The concentration index was -.11, indicating a greater concentration of physical inactivity in adolescents with low socioeconomic levels. CONCLUSION One-fourth of the study population had physical inactivity in this age group. Socioeconomic levels, parental literacy, and sex of adolescents were associated with the level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farideh Mostafavi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bakhtiar Piroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Bushra Zareie
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahboobi
- Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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290
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The Consequences of Glaucoma on Mobility and Balance Control in the Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:372-381. [PMID: 32994380 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the functional impairments and related factors in older adults with moderate to advanced stages of glaucoma. Nineteen patients with glaucoma and 19 participants with no ocular disease performed step test and balance control tasks with analysis of overall stability index and fall risk index. Monocular and binocular Humphrey Visual Field tests were used to estimate visual field defect severity. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity level. Patients with glaucoma showed poorer values for most of the mobility and balance control parameters with medium and large effect sizes (0.3-0.5). Mobility scores in patients were partly associated with their monocular visual field defect (rs = .507, p < .05). Low physical activity was identified as a risk factor for falls (rs = -.453, p < .05) and postural instability (rs = -.457, p < .05). Functional declines in dynamic tasks were not related to glaucoma severity. Older adults with glaucoma display impairment with mobility and balance control compared to controls, associated with the degree of monocular visual field loss and lower daily physical activity.
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291
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Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Morell-Azanza L, Martín-Calvo N, Zalba G, Chueca M, Azcona-Sanjulian MC, Marti A. Association between favourable changes in objectively measured physical activity and telomere length after a lifestyle intervention in pediatric patients with abdominal obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:205-212. [PMID: 32871095 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of physical activity (PA) changes, measured by accelerometry, on telomere length (TL) in pediatric patients with abdominal obesity after a lifestyle intervention. One hundred and twenty-one children (7-16 years old) with abdominal obesity were randomized to the intervention (a moderately hypocaloric Mediterranean diet) or the usual care group (standard pediatric recommendations) for 22 months (a 2 month intensive phase and a subsequent 20 month follow-up). Both groups were encouraged to accumulate an extra 200 min/week of PA. TL was measured by MMqPCR. Data were analyzed in 102 subjects after 2 months and 64 subjects at the first 10 months of follow-up. Light PA level decreased in both groups after 12 months of intervention. At month 2, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) increased in the intervention group (+5.4 min/day, p = 0.035) and so did sedentary time in the usual care group (+49.7 min/day, p = 0.010). TL changes were positively associated (p < 0.050) with metabolic equivalents (METs), MVPA level, and number of steps, and were inversely associated with sedentary and light PA levels in the intervention group after the intensive phase. In conclusion, favourable changes in PA levels in the intensive phase of a lifestyle intervention could contribute to TL maintenance in a pediatric population with abdominal obesity. Novelty Changes in physical activity levels had a direct effect on telomere length, a biomarker of cellular aging and oxidative stress. PA advice based on The American College of Sports Medicine included in this intervention is easy to implement in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lydia Morell-Azanza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clínica, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III. Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Chueca
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Azcona-Sanjulian
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Av. Pío XII, 36. 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amelia Marti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra. C/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). C/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III. Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029 Madrid, Spain
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292
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Alizadeh H, Alizadeh A. Association of Meteorin-Like Hormone with insulin resistance and body composition in healthy Iranian adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:881-885. [PMID: 32563939 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sedentary behavior and/or physical inactivity are modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Myokines are one of the mediators of physical activity health benefits. Relationship between regular physical activity (RPA) and baseline plasma Meteorin-Like Hormone (Metrnl) has not been explored in human. Hence, we compared baseline plasma Metrnl between sedentary individuals and ones with recreational physical activities, and role of Metrnl as a biological messenger between physical activity and insulin resistance and body composition was also explored. METHODS Forty healthy young men (aged: 21 ± 2.1 yrs; BMI: 23 ± 3.44 kg/m2) completed the study. Participants were equally assigned into two groups of control (sedentary) and case (recreational athletes). Baseline plasma Metrnl, glucose, insulin and body composition components and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed under resting conditions. RESULTS Except for baseline blood glucose, baseline plasma Metrnl, insulin, HOMA-IR and body mass index and body fat percentage were similar between two groups (P > 0.05). However, after Metrnl correction for the degree of insulin resistance index (Metrnl/HOMA-IR), recreational athletes showed a significantly greater baseline compared to sedentary subjects (P < 0.05). Baseline blood glucose showed a negative and significant correlation with baseline plasma Metrnl (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Baseline plasma Metrnl is correlated with regular physical activity and insulin sensitivity, but not with body composition parameters. Metrnl may be one possible mediator of the beneficial effects of PA on insulin sensitivity in healthy humans. Hence, increasing awareness of the benefits of physical activity and incorporating physical activity into lifestyle are of great importance for people with non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Alizadeh
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
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293
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Kwan MYW, Graham JD, Healey C, Paolucci N, Brown DM. Stopping the Drop: Examining the Impact of a Pilot Physical Literacy-Based Intervention Program on Physical Activity Behaviours and Fitness during the Transition into University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5832. [PMID: 32806584 PMCID: PMC7459702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The move to university is a major life transition associated with precipitous declines in physical activity (PA). While it remains unclear how these declines can be best attenuated, the concept of physical literacy (PL) or enhancements of PL may be a promising modality to promote PA during life transitions. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of a pilot PL-based intervention on PA and fitness for students transitioning into university. Participants included 65 first-year students (Mage = 17.85 ± 0.51; n = 46 females), enrolled in a quasi-experimental study. Intervention participants (n = 26) participated in a 12-week novel movement skills program conducted in a group-based environment. Results from the 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA found moderate effects in the time by condition interaction F(1,56) = 2.70, p = 0.11, ηp2 = 0.08 for PA behaviors as well as for estimated cardiorespiratory fitness F(1,61) = 8.35, p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.12. Findings from our pilot program suggest that PL may be an effective modality to help first-year university students maintain fitness and attenuate the declines in PA behaviors when transitioning into university. Similar trials with larger samples are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Y. W. Kwan
- Department of Family Medicine, David Braley Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, 100 Main St W, 5th Floor Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (J.D.G.); (C.H.); (N.P.); (D.M.B.)
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294
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a risk factor for severe complications and death from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Public health efforts to control the pandemic may alter health behaviors related to weight gain, inflammation, and poor cardiometabolic health, exacerbating the prevalence of obesity, poor immune health, and chronic diseases. DESIGN We reviewed how the pandemic adversely influences many of these behaviors, specifically physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and dietary intakes, and provided individual level strategies that may be used to mitigate them. RESULTS At the community level and higher, public health and health care professionals need to advocate for intervention strategies and policy changes that address these behaviors, such as increasing nutrition assistance programs and creating designated areas for recreation and active transportation, to reduce disparities among vulnerable populations. CONCLUSIONS The long-lasting impact of the pandemic on health behaviors, and the possibility of a second COVID-19 wave, emphasize the need for creative and evolving, multi-level approaches to assist individuals in adapting their health behaviors to prevent both chronic and infectious diseases.
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295
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Mahanty A, Xi L. Utility of cardiac biomarkers in sports medicine: Focusing on troponin, natriuretic peptides, and hypoxanthine. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:65-71. [PMID: 35784176 PMCID: PMC9219314 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based consensus suggests that physical activity and regular exercise training can reduce modifiable risk factors as well as rate of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity and cancer. Conversely, long-term exercise training and drastic increase in vigorous physical activity may also cause acute cardiovascular events (e.g. acute myocardial infarction) and deleterious cardiac remodeling, particularly when exercise is performed by unfit or susceptible individuals. There is a reversed J-shaped hormesis-like curve between the duration and intensity of exercise and level of CVD risks. Therefore, it is important for an early detection of cardiac injuries in professional and amateur athletes. Under this context, this article focuses on the use of biomarker testing, an indispensable component in the current clinical practices especially in Cardiology and Oncology. We attempt to justify the importance of using circulating biomarkers in routine practices of Sports Medicine for an objective assessment of CVD events following exercise. Special attentions are dedicated to three established or emerging cardiac biomarkers (i.e. cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, hypoxanthine) for myocardial tissue hypoxia/ischemia events, muscle stress, and the consequent cellular necrotic injury. Based on these focused analyses, we propose use of circulating biomarker testing in both laboratory and point-of-care settings with an increasingly broader involvement or participation of team physicians, trainers, coaches, primary care doctors, as well as educated athlete community. This diagnostic approach may improve the quality of medical surveillance and preventive measures on exercise-related CVD risks/outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mahanty
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lei Xi
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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296
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Swavely AG, Durstine JL. Anxiety disorders in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases: A brief review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:72-79. [PMID: 35784177 PMCID: PMC9219354 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews the current literature involving clinical anxiety and cardiopulmonary disease, considers the hypothesized physiological mechanisms for anxiety, and discusses the use of exercise as a treatment for both anxiety and cardiopulmonary diseases. The literature summary consists of original investigations, meta-analysis, commentaries, and review publications in order to better understand the biological and psychological mechanisms for using exercise as treatment and to provide details specific to cardiopulmonary disease and anxiety management. A gap in the literature exists concerning the anxiolytic effects of exercise as a psychological and physical treatment in cardiopulmonary populations. The findings from this review support further investigation into the use of exercise to ameliorate the burden of anxiety in cardiopulmonary disease patients. This review evaluates the current literature surrounding cardiopulmonary disease and anxiety. A systematic literature search identified articles discussing the prevalence, association, and risk of anxiety in cardiopulmonary patients. Though depression is often studied in this population, recent investigation supports a need for further research regarding anxiety in cardiopulmonary patients. Treatment to manage patients' psychological profile can reduce exacerbations of known disease, reduce hospital readmission, and improve functional capacity, and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Grace Swavely
- Cardiac Diagnostic Unit-Clinic 2K Duke Clinic, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
- Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - J. Larry Durstine
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
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297
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Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK, Roberts WO, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Radak Z, Berkes I, Boros A, Boldogh I, Leeuwenburgh C, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Marzetti E, Cheng Y, Liu J, Durstine JL, Sun J, Ji LL. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:55-64. [PMID: 34189484 PMCID: PMC7261095 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a devastating threat to human society in terms of health, economy, and lifestyle. Although the virus usually first invades and infects the lung and respiratory track tissue, in extreme cases, almost all major organs in the body are now known to be negatively impacted often leading to severe systemic failure in some people. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Pre-existing pathological conditions or comorbidities such as age are a major reason for premature death and increased morbidity and mortality. The immobilization due to hospitalization and bed rest and the physical inactivity due to sustained quarantine and social distancing can downregulate the ability of organs systems to resist to viral infection and increase the risk of damage to the immune, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal systems and the brain. The cellular mechanisms and danger of this "second wave" effect of COVID-19 to the human body, along with the effects of aging, proper nutrition, and regular physical activity, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Noah T. Hutchinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Scott K. Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - William O. Roberts
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBERFES. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Berkes
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Boros
- National University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
| | | | | | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ying Cheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - J. Larry Durstine
- Department of Exercise Science, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Junzhi Sun
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li Ji
- The Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA
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298
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Chang PY, Lyu SY, Lin YF, Huang CC. High Level of Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Renal Progression in Hypertensive Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1669. [PMID: 32143399 PMCID: PMC7084568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has long been associated with chronic diseases. However, the association between physical activity and renal progression in hypertensive patients remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between the level of physical activity and renal function in hypertensive patients. We analyzed 3543 patients with hypertension. Data on patients' demographic characteristics, comorbidities, physical activity, and lifestyle characteristics were collected via questionnaires. An estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that was reduced by more than 25% from the baseline eGFR was defined as renal progression. This study divided physical activity into three levels (low, moderate, and high) based on their metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) levels. The mean age was 63.32 ± 12.29 years. After we adjusted for covariates, renal progression was significantly higher among patients with low levels of physical activity (odds ratio (OR), 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.90)) and moderate levels of physical activity (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04-1.86) than among patients with high levels of physical activity. We found a significant association between physical activity and renal progression in hypertensive patients, especially in elderly patients and men. Therefore, to reduce the risk of renal progression, we recommend that clinicians should encourage patients to improve their physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ya Chang
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Shu-Yu Lyu
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan
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299
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Physical activity for health and wellbeing: the role of motives for participation. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2020. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2020.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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